{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. 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let me also, again, thank the interpreters for being flexible yesterday afternoon so we were able to finish our 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exchanges over the past three days, my team and I have prepared additional textual suggestions regarding boxes one, two, and three, which were circulated to delegations yesterday 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let me be clear, these suggestions are only meant to facilitate our discussion today and should not be perceived as a new version of the rolling text that will come somewhere in 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the reference for the purpose of these elements of an 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be necessary.","start":92.15,"end":95.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"since","start":92.15,"end":92.47},{"text":"this","start":92.47,"end":92.71},{"text":"qualification","start":92.71,"end":93.51},{"text":"does","start":93.51,"end":93.67},{"text":"not","start":93.67,"end":93.87},{"text":"appear","start":93.87,"end":94.23},{"text":"to","start":94.23,"end":94.35},{"text":"be","start":94.35,"end":94.47},{"text":"necessary.","start":94.47,"end":95.03}]},{"text":"Then, in subpara 1a, you will find a suggestion that was shown on the screen yesterday 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This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":181.19,"end":181.87},{"text":"the","start":181.87,"end":181.95},{"text":"changes","start":181.99,"end":182.47},{"text":"in","start":182.47,"end":182.55},{"text":"subpara","start":182.55,"end":183.27},{"text":"1","start":183.27,"end":183.75},{"text":"Charlie","start":183.75,"end":184.47},{"text":"respond","start":184.47,"end":185.07},{"text":"to","start":185.07,"end":185.35},{"text":"delegation's","start":185.35,"end":185.99},{"text":"comments","start":185.99,"end":186.47},{"text":"to","start":186.79,"end":186.91},{"text":"reflect","start":186.91,"end":187.35},{"text":"both","start":187.35,"end":187.67},{"text":"exclusion","start":187.75,"end":188.55},{"text":"and","start":188.55,"end":188.67},{"text":"inclusion","start":188.67,"end":189.39},{"text":"of","start":189.39,"end":189.51},{"text":"certain","start":189.51,"end":189.83},{"text":"types","start":189.83,"end":190.11},{"text":"of","start":190.11,"end":190.19},{"text":"systems","start":190.19,"end":190.79},{"text":"in","start":190.95,"end":191.11},{"text":"the","start":191.11,"end":191.19},{"text":"characterization.","start":191.19,"end":191.99}]},{"text":"I would now like to invite you to give your reactions and comments with regard to the textual suggestions made in box 1.","start":192.95,"end":199.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":192.95,"end":193.11},{"text":"would","start":193.11,"end":193.23},{"text":"now","start":193.23,"end":193.43},{"text":"like","start":193.43,"end":193.67},{"text":"to","start":193.67,"end":193.79},{"text":"invite","start":193.79,"end":194.39},{"text":"you","start":194.47,"end":194.79},{"text":"to","start":194.79,"end":194.95},{"text":"give","start":194.95,"end":195.19},{"text":"your","start":195.19,"end":195.39},{"text":"reactions","start":195.39,"end":195.83},{"text":"and","start":195.83,"end":195.95},{"text":"comments","start":195.95,"end":196.55},{"text":"with","start":196.75,"end":196.91},{"text":"regard","start":196.95,"end":197.31},{"text":"to","start":197.31,"end":197.43},{"text":"the","start":197.43,"end":197.51},{"text":"textual","start":197.51,"end":198.07},{"text":"suggestions","start":198.07,"end":198.71},{"text":"made","start":198.71,"end":198.95},{"text":"in","start":198.95,"end":199.11},{"text":"box","start":199.11,"end":199.43},{"text":"1.","start":199.43,"end":199.75}]},{"text":"The floor is open.","start":200.47,"end":201.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":200.47,"end":200.63},{"text":"floor","start":200.63,"end":201.03},{"text":"is","start":201.03,"end":201.35},{"text":"open.","start":201.43,"end":201.67}]},{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan for opening the discussion.","start":238.19,"end":243.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":238.19,"end":238.43},{"text":"me","start":238.43,"end":238.67},{"text":"thank","start":238.67,"end":238.91},{"text":"the","start":238.91,"end":239.03},{"text":"distinguished","start":239.03,"end":239.59},{"text":"representative","start":239.59,"end":240.27},{"text":"of","start":240.27,"end":240.35},{"text":"Pakistan","start":240.35,"end":241.31},{"text":"for","start":241.31,"end":241.71},{"text":"opening","start":241.71,"end":242.19},{"text":"the","start":242.19,"end":242.27},{"text":"discussion.","start":242.27,"end":243.23}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":243.39,"end":244.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":243.39,"end":243.63},{"text":"have","start":243.63,"end":243.95},{"text":"the","start":243.95,"end":244.07},{"text":"floor.","start":244.07,"end":244.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":2,"start":252.03,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=4:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair. Good morning.","start":252.03,"end":254.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":252.03,"end":252.31},{"text":"you,","start":252.31,"end":252.43},{"text":"Chair.","start":252.43,"end":252.83},{"text":"Good","start":253.47,"end":253.71},{"text":"morning.","start":253.71,"end":254.11}]},{"text":"Allow me to express our sincere appreciation at the outset for the tireless work that you and your entire team, with the assistance of ISU, that you have been doing and that you have put into this revised text.","start":254.83,"end":268.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":254.83,"end":255.03},{"text":"me","start":255.03,"end":255.23},{"text":"to","start":255.23,"end":255.39},{"text":"express","start":255.39,"end":255.87},{"text":"our","start":255.87,"end":255.95},{"text":"sincere","start":255.95,"end":256.51},{"text":"appreciation","start":256.51,"end":257.47},{"text":"at","start":257.47,"end":257.63},{"text":"the","start":257.63,"end":257.75},{"text":"outset","start":257.75,"end":258.35},{"text":"for","start":258.75,"end":258.99},{"text":"the","start":258.99,"end":259.07},{"text":"tireless","start":259.07,"end":259.55},{"text":"work","start":259.55,"end":259.95},{"text":"that","start":260.03,"end":260.27},{"text":"you","start":260.27,"end":260.63},{"text":"and","start":260.63,"end":260.75},{"text":"your","start":260.75,"end":260.99},{"text":"entire","start":260.99,"end":261.39},{"text":"team,","start":261.39,"end":261.83},{"text":"with","start":261.83,"end":262.07},{"text":"the","start":262.07,"end":262.15},{"text":"assistance","start":262.15,"end":262.75},{"text":"of","start":262.75,"end":263.07},{"text":"ISU,","start":263.07,"end":263.79},{"text":"that","start":264.35,"end":264.55},{"text":"you","start":264.55,"end":264.63},{"text":"have","start":264.63,"end":264.75},{"text":"been","start":264.75,"end":264.99},{"text":"doing","start":264.99,"end":265.47},{"text":"and","start":265.47,"end":265.91},{"text":"that","start":265.95,"end":266.19},{"text":"you","start":266.19,"end":266.27},{"text":"have","start":266.27,"end":266.43},{"text":"put","start":266.43,"end":266.67},{"text":"into","start":266.67,"end":266.91},{"text":"this","start":266.91,"end":267.15},{"text":"revised","start":267.15,"end":267.67},{"text":"text.","start":267.67,"end":268.11}]},{"text":"And thank you for circulating these revisions last night, which enabled us to have some preliminary consideration of this.","start":269.83,"end":277.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":269.83,"end":270.07},{"text":"thank","start":270.07,"end":270.31},{"text":"you","start":270.31,"end":270.39},{"text":"for","start":270.39,"end":270.55},{"text":"circulating","start":270.55,"end":271.27},{"text":"these","start":271.27,"end":271.59},{"text":"revisions","start":271.59,"end":272.15},{"text":"last","start":272.15,"end":272.47},{"text":"night,","start":272.47,"end":272.79},{"text":"which","start":272.99,"end":273.27},{"text":"enabled","start":273.27,"end":273.75},{"text":"us","start":273.75,"end":273.99},{"text":"to","start":273.99,"end":274.31},{"text":"have","start":274.39,"end":274.71},{"text":"some","start":274.71,"end":274.95},{"text":"preliminary","start":274.95,"end":275.67},{"text":"consideration","start":275.99,"end":276.75},{"text":"of","start":276.75,"end":276.87},{"text":"this.","start":276.87,"end":277.35}]},{"text":"My delegation, for instance, spent considerable time last night examining the new formulations and see how it could address concerns.","start":277.75,"end":287.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":277.75,"end":277.99},{"text":"delegation,","start":277.99,"end":278.55},{"text":"for","start":278.55,"end":278.71},{"text":"instance,","start":278.71,"end":279.07},{"text":"spent","start":279.07,"end":279.39},{"text":"considerable","start":279.39,"end":279.99},{"text":"time","start":279.99,"end":280.31},{"text":"last","start":280.31,"end":280.59},{"text":"night","start":280.59,"end":280.83},{"text":"examining","start":281.35,"end":281.91},{"text":"the","start":281.91,"end":281.99},{"text":"new","start":281.99,"end":282.23},{"text":"formulations","start":282.23,"end":283.11},{"text":"and","start":283.99,"end":284.47},{"text":"see","start":284.87,"end":285.35},{"text":"how","start":285.35,"end":285.67},{"text":"it","start":285.67,"end":285.87},{"text":"could","start":285.87,"end":286.15},{"text":"address","start":286.15,"end":286.63},{"text":"concerns.","start":287.11,"end":287.91}]},{"text":"We do continue to believe that the approach that you have chosen has advanced us towards convergence on the issue of characterization.","start":288.71,"end":297.67,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":513.43,"end":513.59},{"text":"human","start":513.59,"end":513.91},{"text":"has","start":513.91,"end":514.07},{"text":"given","start":514.07,"end":514.39},{"text":"the","start":514.39,"end":514.47},{"text":"system","start":514.47,"end":515.03},{"text":"characteristics,","start":515.11,"end":516.15},{"text":"a","start":516.79,"end":516.87},{"text":"profile,","start":516.87,"end":517.43},{"text":"against","start":518.31,"end":518.71},{"text":"which","start":518.71,"end":519.03},{"text":"it","start":519.03,"end":519.27},{"text":"autonomously","start":519.27,"end":519.91},{"text":"matches","start":519.91,"end":520.55},{"text":"objects.","start":520.55,"end":521.19}]},{"text":"So the system detects multiple emitters, determine which best matches and engages.","start":522.31,"end":528.71,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":522.31,"end":522.55},{"text":"the","start":522.55,"end":522.67},{"text":"system","start":522.67,"end":523.11},{"text":"detects","start":523.11,"end":523.75},{"text":"multiple","start":523.75,"end":524.39},{"text":"emitters,","start":524.55,"end":525.27},{"text":"determine","start":525.35,"end":526.15},{"text":"which","start":526.15,"end":526.71},{"text":"best","start":526.71,"end":527.11},{"text":"matches","start":527.11,"end":527.67},{"text":"and","start":527.83,"end":528.03},{"text":"engages.","start":528.03,"end":528.71}]},{"text":"So this scenario can also be covered if characteristics of remain in our first sentence.","start":529.51,"end":536.83,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":541.31,"end":541.39},{"text":"human","start":541.39,"end":541.79},{"text":"operator","start":541.79,"end":542.27},{"text":"identifies","start":542.35,"end":543.23},{"text":"a","start":543.23,"end":543.31},{"text":"particular","start":543.31,"end":544.27},{"text":"specific","start":544.43,"end":545.23},{"text":"radar.","start":545.23,"end":545.87}]},{"text":"For instance, that radar on that hill on those coordinates, it programs a homing munition with that radar specific signature and details and launches.","start":546.99,"end":558.11,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":633.35,"end":633.51},{"text":"second","start":633.51,"end":633.91},{"text":"scenario,","start":633.91,"end":634.43},{"text":"what","start":634.43,"end":634.79},{"text":"kind","start":634.79,"end":635.15},{"text":"of","start":635.15,"end":635.27},{"text":"targets,","start":635.27,"end":635.75},{"text":"characteristics.","start":635.75,"end":636.79}]},{"text":"Both leave the selection function to the machine and we think both must be covered.","start":637.83,"end":642.31,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Both","start":637.83,"end":638.11},{"text":"leave","start":638.11,"end":638.39},{"text":"the","start":638.39,"end":638.55},{"text":"selection","start":638.55,"end":639.03},{"text":"function","start":639.03,"end":639.43},{"text":"to","start":639.43,"end":639.55},{"text":"the","start":639.55,"end":639.67},{"text":"machine","start":639.67,"end":640.23},{"text":"and","start":640.31,"end":640.51},{"text":"we","start":640.51,"end":640.63},{"text":"think","start":640.63,"end":640.91},{"text":"both","start":640.91,"end":641.27},{"text":"must","start":641.27,"end":641.67},{"text":"be","start":641.67,"end":641.83},{"text":"covered.","start":641.83,"end":642.31}]},{"text":"So, parentheses, these brackets, we think that they cannot survive in the final text.","start":643.27,"end":649.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":643.27,"end":643.51},{"text":"parentheses,","start":643.51,"end":644.55},{"text":"these","start":644.71,"end":645.19},{"text":"brackets,","start":645.19,"end":645.91},{"text":"we","start":646.15,"end":646.35},{"text":"think","start":646.35,"end":646.63},{"text":"that","start":646.63,"end":646.87},{"text":"they","start":646.87,"end":647.43},{"text":"cannot","start":647.91,"end":648.27},{"text":"survive","start":648.27,"end":648.79},{"text":"in","start":648.79,"end":648.87},{"text":"the","start":648.87,"end":648.95},{"text":"final","start":648.95,"end":649.35},{"text":"text.","start":649.35,"end":649.75}]},{"text":"We therefore propose replacing the parentheses with an explicit word \"or.\"","start":650.55,"end":655.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":650.55,"end":650.71},{"text":"therefore","start":650.71,"end":651.03},{"text":"propose","start":651.03,"end":651.55},{"text":"replacing","start":651.55,"end":652.07},{"text":"the","start":652.07,"end":652.23},{"text":"parentheses","start":652.23,"end":653.27},{"text":"with","start":653.35,"end":653.59},{"text":"an","start":653.59,"end":653.75},{"text":"explicit","start":653.75,"end":654.55},{"text":"word","start":654.63,"end":655.11},{"text":"\"or.\"","start":655.11,"end":655.51}]},{"text":"So, the first sentence would read, \"The fact that a human being designs, programs, or otherwise determines a set or characteristics of a potential target does not exclude the system from this characterization.\"","start":656.63,"end":672.15,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":656.63,"end":656.95},{"text":"the","start":656.95,"end":657.19},{"text":"first","start":657.27,"end":657.55},{"text":"sentence","start":657.55,"end":658.07},{"text":"would","start":658.07,"end":658.31},{"text":"read,","start":658.31,"end":658.71},{"text":"\"The","start":659.11,"end":659.27},{"text":"fact","start":659.27,"end":659.67},{"text":"that","start":659.75,"end":659.99},{"text":"a","start":659.99,"end":660.03},{"text":"human","start":660.03,"end":660.55},{"text":"being","start":660.55,"end":660.87},{"text":"designs,","start":660.87,"end":661.59},{"text":"programs,","start":661.75,"end":662.47},{"text":"or","start":662.47,"end":662.75},{"text":"otherwise","start":662.75,"end":663.27},{"text":"determines","start":663.27,"end":664.07},{"text":"a","start":664.47,"end":664.63},{"text":"set","start":664.63,"end":665.11},{"text":"or","start":665.83,"end":666.07},{"text":"characteristics","start":666.07,"end":667.03},{"text":"of","start":667.03,"end":667.19},{"text":"a","start":667.19,"end":667.27},{"text":"potential","start":667.27,"end":667.83},{"text":"target","start":667.83,"end":668.39},{"text":"does","start":668.95,"end":669.19},{"text":"not","start":669.19,"end":669.43},{"text":"exclude","start":669.43,"end":669.91},{"text":"the","start":669.91,"end":670.03},{"text":"system","start":670.03,"end":670.55},{"text":"from","start":670.71,"end":670.95},{"text":"this","start":670.95,"end":671.15},{"text":"characterization.\"","start":671.15,"end":672.15}]},{"text":"It covers lists, it covers profiles, and it is direct.","start":673.03,"end":678.07,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":673.03,"end":673.15},{"text":"covers","start":673.15,"end":673.51},{"text":"lists,","start":673.51,"end":673.99},{"text":"it","start":673.99,"end":674.11},{"text":"covers","start":674.11,"end":674.55},{"text":"profiles,","start":674.55,"end":675.19},{"text":"and","start":676.15,"end":676.43},{"text":"it","start":676.43,"end":677.03},{"text":"is","start":677.51,"end":677.59},{"text":"direct.","start":677.79,"end":678.07}]},{"text":"Now, let me say a few words on the second sentence and some of the concerns that we heard previously also.","start":678.07,"end":684.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":678.07,"end":678.31},{"text":"let","start":678.31,"end":678.47},{"text":"me","start":678.47,"end":678.63},{"text":"say","start":678.63,"end":678.91},{"text":"a","start":678.91,"end":678.95},{"text":"few","start":678.95,"end":679.19},{"text":"words","start":679.19,"end":679.47},{"text":"on","start":679.47,"end":679.59},{"text":"the","start":679.59,"end":679.67},{"text":"second","start":679.67,"end":680.07},{"text":"sentence","start":680.07,"end":680.87},{"text":"and","start":681.19,"end":681.39},{"text":"some","start":681.39,"end":681.59},{"text":"of","start":681.59,"end":681.67},{"text":"the","start":681.67,"end":681.83},{"text":"concerns","start":681.83,"end":682.47},{"text":"that","start":682.47,"end":682.75},{"text":"we","start":682.75,"end":682.95},{"text":"heard","start":682.95,"end":683.19},{"text":"previously","start":683.19,"end":683.71},{"text":"also.","start":683.71,"end":684.23}]},{"text":"I would like to share our interpretation on this.","start":685.11,"end":688.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":685.11,"end":685.27},{"text":"would","start":685.27,"end":685.43},{"text":"like","start":685.43,"end":685.71},{"text":"to","start":685.71,"end":685.91},{"text":"share","start":686.31,"end":686.79},{"text":"our","start":686.79,"end":686.95},{"text":"interpretation","start":686.95,"end":687.83},{"text":"on","start":687.83,"end":687.99},{"text":"this.","start":687.99,"end":688.31}]},{"text":"We note that the second sentence refers to the specific targets in the plural.","start":689.43,"end":696.15,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":689.43,"end":689.59},{"text":"note","start":689.59,"end":689.91},{"text":"that","start":689.91,"end":690.15},{"text":"the","start":690.15,"end":690.23},{"text":"second","start":690.23,"end":690.55},{"text":"sentence","start":690.55,"end":691.11},{"text":"refers","start":691.11,"end":691.67},{"text":"to","start":691.67,"end":691.79},{"text":"the","start":692.07,"end":692.27},{"text":"specific","start":692.27,"end":692.99},{"text":"targets","start":692.99,"end":693.83},{"text":"in","start":695.27,"end":695.43},{"text":"the","start":695.43,"end":695.59},{"text":"plural.","start":695.59,"end":696.15}]},{"text":"We wish to place on our record our understanding of how this interacts with the first sentence.","start":697.51,"end":702.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":697.51,"end":697.63},{"text":"wish","start":697.63,"end":697.83},{"text":"to","start":697.83,"end":697.99},{"text":"place","start":697.99,"end":698.39},{"text":"on","start":698.39,"end":698.59},{"text":"our","start":698.59,"end":698.99},{"text":"record","start":698.99,"end":699.43},{"text":"our","start":699.43,"end":699.55},{"text":"understanding","start":699.55,"end":700.23},{"text":"of","start":700.23,"end":700.47},{"text":"how","start":700.47,"end":700.71},{"text":"this","start":700.71,"end":700.95},{"text":"interacts","start":701.03,"end":701.67},{"text":"with","start":701.67,"end":701.79},{"text":"the","start":701.79,"end":701.91},{"text":"first","start":701.91,"end":702.15},{"text":"sentence.","start":702.15,"end":702.79}]},{"text":"When the first sentence speaks of a set of potential targets, scenario one, it describes a situation where a human provides a list of candidates from which the system autonomously selects.","start":704.51,"end":718.15,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":704.51,"end":704.79},{"text":"the","start":704.79,"end":704.87},{"text":"first","start":704.87,"end":705.11},{"text":"sentence","start":705.11,"end":705.63},{"text":"speaks","start":705.63,"end":706.07},{"text":"of","start":706.07,"end":706.23},{"text":"a","start":706.23,"end":706.31},{"text":"set","start":706.31,"end":706.67},{"text":"of","start":706.67,"end":706.79},{"text":"potential","start":706.79,"end":707.31},{"text":"targets,","start":707.31,"end":707.99},{"text":"scenario","start":709.03,"end":709.55},{"text":"one,","start":709.55,"end":709.91},{"text":"it","start":711.03,"end":711.15},{"text":"describes","start":711.15,"end":711.95},{"text":"a","start":711.95,"end":711.99},{"text":"situation","start":711.99,"end":712.71},{"text":"where","start":712.71,"end":712.91},{"text":"a","start":712.91,"end":712.95},{"text":"human","start":712.95,"end":713.51},{"text":"provides","start":713.51,"end":714.15},{"text":"a","start":714.15,"end":714.23},{"text":"list","start":714.23,"end":714.75},{"text":"of","start":714.75,"end":714.87},{"text":"candidates","start":714.87,"end":715.59},{"text":"from","start":715.59,"end":715.79},{"text":"which","start":715.79,"end":715.99},{"text":"the","start":715.99,"end":716.15},{"text":"system","start":716.15,"end":716.71},{"text":"autonomously","start":716.71,"end":717.51},{"text":"selects.","start":717.51,"end":718.15}]},{"text":"For instance, engage whichever of these you encounter first.","start":718.95,"end":721.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":718.95,"end":719.19},{"text":"instance,","start":719.19,"end":719.59},{"text":"engage","start":719.59,"end":719.99},{"text":"whichever","start":719.99,"end":720.47},{"text":"of","start":720.47,"end":720.55},{"text":"these","start":720.55,"end":720.87},{"text":"you","start":720.87,"end":720.95},{"text":"encounter","start":720.95,"end":721.51},{"text":"first.","start":721.51,"end":721.91}]},{"text":"So in that case, the system has exercised some autonomy.","start":721.99,"end":726.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":721.99,"end":722.15},{"text":"in","start":722.15,"end":722.23},{"text":"that","start":722.23,"end":722.47},{"text":"case,","start":722.47,"end":722.95},{"text":"the","start":723.59,"end":723.71},{"text":"system","start":723.71,"end":724.23},{"text":"has","start":724.23,"end":724.63},{"text":"exercised","start":724.95,"end":725.59},{"text":"some","start":725.59,"end":725.79},{"text":"autonomy.","start":725.79,"end":726.39}]},{"text":"The second sentence here, which says chooses the specific targets, applies in our reading only when a human or a personnel determine exhaustively which objects are to be engaged, leaving no selection discretion to the system.","start":728.07,"end":747.43,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":728.07,"end":728.11},{"text":"second","start":728.11,"end":728.55},{"text":"sentence","start":728.55,"end":729.27},{"text":"here,","start":729.35,"end":729.91},{"text":"which","start":730.03,"end":730.23},{"text":"says","start":730.23,"end":730.63},{"text":"chooses","start":730.63,"end":731.11},{"text":"the","start":731.11,"end":731.23},{"text":"specific","start":731.23,"end":731.87},{"text":"targets,","start":731.87,"end":732.79},{"text":"applies","start":733.67,"end":734.19},{"text":"in","start":734.19,"end":734.31},{"text":"our","start":734.31,"end":734.51},{"text":"reading","start":734.51,"end":734.87},{"text":"only","start":734.91,"end":735.47},{"text":"when","start":735.47,"end":735.99},{"text":"a","start":736.47,"end":736.51},{"text":"human","start":736.51,"end":736.95},{"text":"or","start":736.95,"end":737.07},{"text":"a","start":737.07,"end":737.11},{"text":"personnel","start":737.11,"end":737.75},{"text":"determine","start":738.63,"end":739.35},{"text":"exhaustively","start":739.35,"end":740.55},{"text":"which","start":741.35,"end":741.83},{"text":"objects","start":741.83,"end":742.71},{"text":"are","start":742.71,"end":742.87},{"text":"to","start":742.87,"end":743.07},{"text":"be","start":743.07,"end":743.23},{"text":"engaged,","start":743.23,"end":743.99},{"text":"leaving","start":744.55,"end":744.95},{"text":"no","start":744.95,"end":745.19},{"text":"selection","start":745.19,"end":745.83},{"text":"discretion","start":745.83,"end":746.63},{"text":"to","start":746.63,"end":746.71},{"text":"the","start":746.71,"end":746.83},{"text":"system.","start":746.83,"end":747.43}]},{"text":"So in other words, if we say engage all 20 of these, is a human decision repeated 20 times the second sentence can apply.","start":748.95,"end":758.51,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":748.95,"end":749.27},{"text":"in","start":749.67,"end":750.07},{"text":"other","start":750.07,"end":750.31},{"text":"words,","start":750.31,"end":750.63},{"text":"if","start":750.63,"end":750.79},{"text":"we","start":750.79,"end":750.87},{"text":"say","start":750.87,"end":751.19},{"text":"engage","start":751.19,"end":751.75},{"text":"all","start":751.83,"end":752.15},{"text":"20","start":752.15,"end":752.59},{"text":"of","start":752.59,"end":752.71},{"text":"these,","start":752.71,"end":753.19},{"text":"is","start":754.07,"end":754.31},{"text":"a","start":754.31,"end":754.35},{"text":"human","start":754.35,"end":754.71},{"text":"decision","start":754.71,"end":755.19},{"text":"repeated","start":755.19,"end":755.67},{"text":"20","start":755.67,"end":756.15},{"text":"times","start":756.15,"end":756.63},{"text":"the","start":757.03,"end":757.07},{"text":"second","start":757.07,"end":757.39},{"text":"sentence","start":757.39,"end":757.87},{"text":"can","start":757.87,"end":758.11},{"text":"apply.","start":758.11,"end":758.51}]},{"text":"But if it says engage whichever of these 20 you find is autonomous selection, then the first sentence should apply.","start":759.31,"end":768.03,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":759.31,"end":759.55},{"text":"if","start":759.55,"end":759.71},{"text":"it","start":759.71,"end":759.87},{"text":"says","start":759.87,"end":760.23},{"text":"engage","start":760.23,"end":760.83},{"text":"whichever","start":760.99,"end":761.87},{"text":"of","start":762.43,"end":762.59},{"text":"these","start":762.59,"end":762.83},{"text":"20","start":762.83,"end":763.27},{"text":"you","start":763.27,"end":763.39},{"text":"find","start":763.39,"end":763.95},{"text":"is","start":764.83,"end":765.03},{"text":"autonomous","start":765.03,"end":765.51},{"text":"selection,","start":765.51,"end":766.11},{"text":"then","start":766.11,"end":766.27},{"text":"the","start":766.27,"end":766.39},{"text":"first","start":766.39,"end":766.63},{"text":"sentence","start":766.63,"end":767.31},{"text":"should","start":767.39,"end":767.63},{"text":"apply.","start":767.63,"end":768.03}]},{"text":"We believe this reading is important and this interpretation is important.","start":769.15,"end":772.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":769.15,"end":769.31},{"text":"believe","start":769.31,"end":769.63},{"text":"this","start":769.63,"end":769.87},{"text":"reading","start":769.87,"end":770.19},{"text":"is","start":770.19,"end":770.31},{"text":"important","start":770.31,"end":770.91},{"text":"and","start":770.91,"end":771.11},{"text":"this","start":771.11,"end":771.23},{"text":"interpretation","start":771.23,"end":771.99},{"text":"is","start":771.99,"end":772.11},{"text":"important.","start":772.11,"end":772.67}]},{"text":"But if there is different interpretations, which we have heard also some in the informal, Then we can also tweak the second sentence to make it clear that we are talking about exhaustive selection by inserting the word \"each,\" perhaps, before \"specific targets.\"","start":772.67,"end":790.79,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":772.67,"end":772.91},{"text":"if","start":772.91,"end":773.07},{"text":"there","start":773.07,"end":773.31},{"text":"is","start":773.31,"end":773.47},{"text":"different","start":773.47,"end":773.95},{"text":"interpretations,","start":773.95,"end":775.07},{"text":"which","start":775.87,"end":776.11},{"text":"we","start":776.11,"end":776.27},{"text":"have","start":776.27,"end":776.59},{"text":"heard","start":776.75,"end":777.15},{"text":"also","start":777.15,"end":777.79},{"text":"some","start":777.87,"end":778.27},{"text":"in","start":778.27,"end":778.75},{"text":"the","start":778.75,"end":778.87},{"text":"informal,","start":778.87,"end":779.55},{"text":"Then","start":780.07,"end":780.19},{"text":"we","start":780.19,"end":780.31},{"text":"can","start":780.31,"end":780.47},{"text":"also","start":780.47,"end":780.79},{"text":"tweak","start":780.79,"end":781.27},{"text":"the","start":781.27,"end":781.35},{"text":"second","start":781.35,"end":781.75},{"text":"sentence","start":781.75,"end":782.39},{"text":"to","start":782.39,"end":782.55},{"text":"make","start":782.55,"end":782.79},{"text":"it","start":782.79,"end":782.95},{"text":"clear","start":782.95,"end":783.51},{"text":"that","start":783.83,"end":783.99},{"text":"we","start":784.03,"end":784.11},{"text":"are","start":784.11,"end":784.19},{"text":"talking","start":784.19,"end":784.55},{"text":"about","start":784.55,"end":784.95},{"text":"exhaustive","start":784.95,"end":785.67},{"text":"selection","start":785.67,"end":786.39},{"text":"by","start":786.39,"end":786.63},{"text":"inserting","start":786.63,"end":787.19},{"text":"the","start":787.19,"end":787.35},{"text":"word","start":787.35,"end":787.59},{"text":"\"each,\"","start":787.59,"end":788.15},{"text":"perhaps,","start":788.15,"end":788.71},{"text":"before","start":789.19,"end":789.59},{"text":"\"specific","start":789.59,"end":790.19},{"text":"targets.\"","start":790.19,"end":790.79}]},{"text":"Lastly, Chair, on paragraph 1C, we note the addition of the words \"or inclusion.\"","start":792.15,"end":798.55,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. 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Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":809.23,"end":809.31},{"text":"think","start":809.31,"end":809.51},{"text":"it","start":809.51,"end":809.59},{"text":"reinforces","start":809.59,"end":810.27},{"text":"our","start":810.27,"end":810.35},{"text":"framing","start":810.35,"end":810.75},{"text":"point","start":810.75,"end":811.03},{"text":"that","start":811.03,"end":811.23},{"text":"I","start":811.23,"end":811.31},{"text":"said","start":811.31,"end":811.71},{"text":"earlier","start":811.71,"end":812.11},{"text":"that","start":812.11,"end":812.27},{"text":"the","start":812.27,"end":812.39},{"text":"characterization","start":812.39,"end":813.31},{"text":"is","start":813.31,"end":813.47},{"text":"a","start":813.47,"end":813.55},{"text":"starting","start":813.55,"end":814.03},{"text":"point","start":814.03,"end":814.39},{"text":"and","start":814.39,"end":814.51},{"text":"not","start":814.51,"end":814.63},{"text":"an","start":814.63,"end":814.83},{"text":"endpoint.","start":814.83,"end":815.43}]},{"text":"Chair, we believe that we are very close to a landing zone in box one.","start":816.27,"end":820.59,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":816.27,"end":816.51},{"text":"we","start":816.51,"end":816.67},{"text":"believe","start":816.67,"end":817.07},{"text":"that","start":817.07,"end":817.39},{"text":"we","start":817.51,"end":817.87},{"text":"are","start":817.87,"end":818.03},{"text":"very","start":818.03,"end":818.27},{"text":"close","start":818.27,"end":818.75},{"text":"to","start":818.75,"end":818.95},{"text":"a","start":818.95,"end":818.99},{"text":"landing","start":818.99,"end":819.47},{"text":"zone","start":819.47,"end":819.71},{"text":"in","start":819.71,"end":819.87},{"text":"box","start":819.87,"end":820.19},{"text":"one.","start":820.19,"end":820.59}]},{"text":"And with these minor edits, we are prepared to support this text as a solid working basis, as a compromise.","start":821.07,"end":829.15,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget 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think very helpful for the further discussion.","start":869.07,"end":871.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":869.07,"end":869.23},{"text":"think","start":869.23,"end":869.43},{"text":"very","start":869.43,"end":869.63},{"text":"helpful","start":869.63,"end":870.11},{"text":"for","start":870.11,"end":870.31},{"text":"the","start":870.31,"end":870.39},{"text":"further","start":870.75,"end":871.11},{"text":"discussion.","start":871.11,"end":871.79}]},{"text":"Next on my list is RSIS, to be followed by 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relevant parts of our suggestions could also be incorporated into the second sentence of paragraph 1 of Box 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also fully support the removal of the S in the second sentence.","start":1350.55,"end":1356.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1350.55,"end":1350.71},{"text":"also","start":1350.71,"end":1350.95},{"text":"fully","start":1350.95,"end":1351.23},{"text":"support","start":1351.23,"end":1352.15},{"text":"the","start":1352.15,"end":1352.23},{"text":"removal","start":1352.23,"end":1352.87},{"text":"of","start":1352.87,"end":1353.19},{"text":"the","start":1353.19,"end":1353.43},{"text":"S","start":1354.07,"end":1354.55},{"text":"in","start":1354.87,"end":1355.03},{"text":"the","start":1355.03,"end":1355.11},{"text":"second","start":1355.11,"end":1355.43},{"text":"sentence.","start":1355.43,"end":1356.07}]},{"text":"That is also a very good 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think it's a package, both sentences.","start":1484.71,"end":1488.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1484.71,"end":1484.87},{"text":"think","start":1484.87,"end":1485.27},{"text":"it's","start":1485.27,"end":1485.55},{"text":"a","start":1485.55,"end":1485.59},{"text":"package,","start":1485.59,"end":1486.15},{"text":"both","start":1487.51,"end":1487.71},{"text":"sentences.","start":1487.71,"end":1488.31}]},{"text":"because we already got feedback that quite a number of delegations are very much attached also to the, or in particular attached to the second 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I think we should not make our life more difficult.","start":1497.19,"end":1499.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1497.19,"end":1497.39},{"text":"I","start":1497.71,"end":1497.75},{"text":"think","start":1497.75,"end":1497.91},{"text":"we","start":1497.91,"end":1497.99},{"text":"should","start":1497.99,"end":1498.19},{"text":"not","start":1498.19,"end":1498.35},{"text":"make","start":1498.35,"end":1498.67},{"text":"our","start":1498.67,"end":1498.75},{"text":"life","start":1498.75,"end":1499.23},{"text":"more","start":1499.23,"end":1499.43},{"text":"difficult.","start":1499.43,"end":1499.99}]},{"text":"I think it was also presented like that on Tuesday evening.","start":1499.99,"end":1502.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1499.99,"end":1500.03},{"text":"think","start":1500.03,"end":1500.23},{"text":"it","start":1500.23,"end":1500.35},{"text":"was","start":1500.35,"end":1500.51},{"text":"also","start":1500.51,"end":1500.75},{"text":"presented","start":1500.75,"end":1501.27},{"text":"like","start":1501.27,"end":1501.47},{"text":"that","start":1501.47,"end":1501.79},{"text":"on","start":1501.83,"end":1502.11},{"text":"Tuesday","start":1502.19,"end":1502.67},{"text":"evening.","start":1502.67,"end":1502.99}]},{"text":"I got your point, but I think, I think it's also fair to share my intent in this discussion, and I see it really as a, as a package we have to work on, and I think we should not make our life more difficult by now trying to do it in a different way, because what I have taken back from discussions with delegations is that for a number, if the second sentence is not there, we are not making progress on this 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let me provide that clarity to the room upfront.","start":1533.55,"end":1536.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1533.55,"end":1533.79},{"text":"let","start":1533.79,"end":1533.91},{"text":"me","start":1533.91,"end":1534.11},{"text":"provide","start":1534.11,"end":1534.47},{"text":"that","start":1534.47,"end":1534.67},{"text":"clarity","start":1534.67,"end":1535.07},{"text":"to","start":1535.07,"end":1535.19},{"text":"the","start":1535.19,"end":1535.27},{"text":"room","start":1535.27,"end":1535.63},{"text":"upfront.","start":1535.63,"end":1536.35}]},{"text":"Next on my list is the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea.","start":1537.79,"end":1542.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":1537.79,"end":1538.11},{"text":"on","start":1538.11,"end":1538.19},{"text":"my","start":1538.19,"end":1538.43},{"text":"list","start":1538.43,"end":1538.79},{"text":"is","start":1538.91,"end":1539.23},{"text":"the","start":1539.95,"end":1540.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":1540.15,"end":1540.67},{"text":"representative","start":1540.67,"end":1541.31},{"text":"of","start":1541.31,"end":1541.39},{"text":"the","start":1541.39,"end":1541.51},{"text":"Republic","start":1541.55,"end":1541.95},{"text":"of","start":1541.95,"end":1542.11},{"text":"Korea.","start":1542.11,"end":1542.43}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":1542.43,"end":1543.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1542.43,"end":1542.59},{"text":"have","start":1542.59,"end":1542.75},{"text":"the","start":1542.75,"end":1542.83},{"text":"floor.","start":1542.83,"end":1543.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1545.75,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=25:46","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair, and good morning to 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the package, maybe I didn't need to make a comment, but I will still 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of all, we are flexible on this suggestion of Pakistan and Austria to change its the parentheses and to change your set or characteristics of in the first paragraph.","start":1563.03,"end":1577.47,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."},{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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Chair.","start":1989.91,"end":1991.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1989.91,"end":1990.11},{"text":"you","start":1990.11,"end":1990.19},{"text":"very","start":1990.19,"end":1990.39},{"text":"much,","start":1990.39,"end":1990.83},{"text":"Chair.","start":1990.83,"end":1991.19}]},{"text":"Just colleagues that preceded me, I'd like to thank you for your efforts for presenting this new proposal related to box one.","start":1992.43,"end":2002.67,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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we propose that we include that total or full autonomy will lead to prohibitions or restrictions of these types of 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we see reflected in other boxes of this text.","start":2129.87,"end":2135.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"as","start":2129.87,"end":2130.19},{"text":"we","start":2130.19,"end":2130.35},{"text":"see","start":2130.35,"end":2131.07},{"text":"reflected","start":2133.47,"end":2133.99},{"text":"in","start":2133.99,"end":2134.11},{"text":"other","start":2134.11,"end":2134.35},{"text":"boxes","start":2134.35,"end":2134.79},{"text":"of","start":2134.79,"end":2134.91},{"text":"this","start":2134.91,"end":2135.23},{"text":"text.","start":2135.23,"end":2135.71}]},{"text":"And we agree with your proposal related to paragraph 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me just reassure the distinguished representative of Cuba that, of course, we have also a chapeau, and we didn't want to have the first line duplicate the 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I think it's still there.","start":2162.95,"end":2166.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2162.95,"end":2163.35},{"text":"I","start":2164.63,"end":2164.67},{"text":"think","start":2164.67,"end":2165.03},{"text":"it's","start":2166.03,"end":2166.27},{"text":"still","start":2166.27,"end":2166.47},{"text":"there.","start":2166.47,"end":2166.79}]},{"text":"And anyhow, in our report, of course, we are going to refer to our 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on my list is the Russian Federation.","start":2184.51,"end":2186.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2184.51,"end":2184.83},{"text":"on","start":2184.83,"end":2184.91},{"text":"my","start":2184.91,"end":2185.07},{"text":"list","start":2185.07,"end":2185.39},{"text":"is","start":2185.39,"end":2185.55},{"text":"the","start":2185.55,"end":2185.63},{"text":"Russian","start":2185.63,"end":2185.87},{"text":"Federation.","start":2185.87,"end":2186.43}]},{"text":"Let me pass the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.","start":2186.43,"end":2189.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2186.43,"end":2186.55},{"text":"me","start":2186.55,"end":2186.67},{"text":"pass","start":2186.67,"end":2186.91},{"text":"the","start":2186.91,"end":2186.99},{"text":"floor","start":2186.99,"end":2187.23},{"text":"to","start":2187.23,"end":2187.35},{"text":"the","start":2187.35,"end":2187.43},{"text":"distinguished","start":2187.43,"end":2187.95},{"text":"representative","start":2187.95,"end":2188.55},{"text":"of","start":2188.55,"end":2188.67},{"text":"the","start":2188.67,"end":2188.75},{"text":"Russian","start":2188.75,"end":2188.99},{"text":"Federation.","start":2188.99,"end":2189.55}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":2189.55,"end":2193.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2189.55,"end":2189.63},{"text":"have","start":2189.63,"end":2189.79},{"text":"the","start":2189.79,"end":2189.87},{"text":"floor,","start":2189.87,"end":2190.19},{"text":"sir.","start":2193.07,"end":2193.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":14,"start":2194.03,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=36:35","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, distinguished Chair.","start":2194.03,"end":2195.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2194.03,"end":2194.19},{"text":"you","start":2194.19,"end":2194.27},{"text":"very","start":2194.27,"end":2194.43},{"text":"much,","start":2194.43,"end":2194.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":2194.63,"end":2195.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":2195.19,"end":2195.71}]},{"text":"My delegation joins other delegations that express their gratitude to you and also to your team 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box one and the new ideas that we see reflected now on the screen for our consideration, we'd like to first make some comments related to the main paragraph one, the working definition that we see here.","start":2223.27,"end":2238.47,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2305.75,"end":2306.39},{"text":"suggested","start":2306.39,"end":2307.35},{"text":"to","start":2307.91,"end":2308.23},{"text":"work","start":2308.23,"end":2308.87},{"text":"in","start":2309.19,"end":2309.59},{"text":"particular","start":2309.95,"end":2310.87},{"text":"the","start":2310.87,"end":2311.03},{"text":"notion","start":2311.03,"end":2311.51},{"text":"of","start":2311.51,"end":2311.75},{"text":"targets","start":2311.75,"end":2312.39},{"text":"that","start":2312.39,"end":2312.63},{"text":"we","start":2312.63,"end":2312.87},{"text":"have","start":2312.87,"end":2313.19},{"text":"in","start":2313.19,"end":2313.27},{"text":"paragraph","start":2313.27,"end":2313.83},{"text":"one.","start":2313.83,"end":2314.31}]},{"text":"And we believe to do that in order to determine the notion of lethality, we could replace this word target and use manpower to replace that, or human being, or personnel.","start":2315.67,"end":2340.67,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2315.67,"end":2315.91},{"text":"we","start":2315.91,"end":2316.39},{"text":"believe","start":2316.47,"end":2317.11},{"text":"to","start":2320.15,"end":2320.31},{"text":"do","start":2320.31,"end":2320.47},{"text":"that","start":2320.47,"end":2321.03},{"text":"in","start":2321.03,"end":2321.27},{"text":"order","start":2321.27,"end":2321.59},{"text":"to","start":2321.59,"end":2321.75},{"text":"determine","start":2321.75,"end":2322.47},{"text":"the","start":2322.47,"end":2322.67},{"text":"notion","start":2322.79,"end":2323.23},{"text":"of","start":2323.23,"end":2323.35},{"text":"lethality,","start":2323.35,"end":2323.99},{"text":"we","start":2323.99,"end":2324.15},{"text":"could","start":2324.15,"end":2324.39},{"text":"replace","start":2324.39,"end":2325.19},{"text":"this","start":2325.75,"end":2326.39},{"text":"word","start":2326.39,"end":2326.95},{"text":"target","start":2327.03,"end":2327.67},{"text":"and","start":2329.39,"end":2329.83},{"text":"use","start":2329.87,"end":2330.75},{"text":"manpower","start":2331.55,"end":2332.43},{"text":"to","start":2333.23,"end":2333.35},{"text":"replace","start":2333.35,"end":2333.79},{"text":"that,","start":2333.79,"end":2334.03},{"text":"or","start":2337.31,"end":2337.87},{"text":"human","start":2338.19,"end":2338.51},{"text":"being,","start":2338.51,"end":2339.07},{"text":"or","start":2339.63,"end":2339.95},{"text":"personnel.","start":2339.95,"end":2340.67}]},{"text":"Here we're ready to be quite flexible.","start":2342.91,"end":2345.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Here","start":2342.91,"end":2343.39},{"text":"we're","start":2343.39,"end":2343.71},{"text":"ready","start":2343.71,"end":2344.03},{"text":"to","start":2344.03,"end":2344.35},{"text":"be","start":2344.35,"end":2344.59},{"text":"quite","start":2344.59,"end":2344.99},{"text":"flexible.","start":2344.99,"end":2345.79}]},{"text":"to the specific word that we could include in the text here.","start":2347.23,"end":2352.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":2347.23,"end":2347.39},{"text":"the","start":2347.39,"end":2347.55},{"text":"specific","start":2347.55,"end":2348.27},{"text":"word","start":2348.27,"end":2348.99},{"text":"that","start":2348.99,"end":2349.39},{"text":"we","start":2349.39,"end":2349.71},{"text":"could","start":2349.71,"end":2350.11},{"text":"include","start":2350.19,"end":2350.83},{"text":"in","start":2350.83,"end":2351.07},{"text":"the","start":2351.07,"end":2351.19},{"text":"text","start":2351.19,"end":2351.67},{"text":"here.","start":2351.67,"end":2352.03}]},{"text":"But we believe if we indeed are talking about lethal autonomous weapons systems, we must be talking about systems that are capable of identifying, selecting and engaging manpower or humans.","start":2352.27,"end":2373.23,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2352.27,"end":2352.59},{"text":"we","start":2352.59,"end":2352.99},{"text":"believe","start":2352.99,"end":2353.79},{"text":"if","start":2354.19,"end":2354.67},{"text":"we","start":2354.75,"end":2355.07},{"text":"indeed","start":2355.07,"end":2355.47},{"text":"are","start":2355.47,"end":2355.63},{"text":"talking","start":2355.63,"end":2355.99},{"text":"about","start":2355.99,"end":2356.27},{"text":"lethal","start":2356.27,"end":2356.99},{"text":"autonomous","start":2356.99,"end":2357.55},{"text":"weapons","start":2357.55,"end":2357.91},{"text":"systems,","start":2357.91,"end":2358.43},{"text":"we","start":2358.67,"end":2359.07},{"text":"must","start":2359.07,"end":2359.55},{"text":"be","start":2359.55,"end":2359.79},{"text":"talking","start":2359.79,"end":2360.19},{"text":"about","start":2360.19,"end":2360.51},{"text":"systems","start":2360.51,"end":2361.31},{"text":"that","start":2361.55,"end":2362.11},{"text":"are","start":2363.63,"end":2363.87},{"text":"capable","start":2363.87,"end":2364.59},{"text":"of","start":2364.59,"end":2364.91},{"text":"identifying,","start":2364.99,"end":2366.11},{"text":"selecting","start":2366.11,"end":2367.15},{"text":"and","start":2367.39,"end":2367.83},{"text":"engaging","start":2367.83,"end":2368.83},{"text":"manpower","start":2368.83,"end":2369.79},{"text":"or","start":2372.19,"end":2372.59},{"text":"humans.","start":2372.59,"end":2373.23}]},{"text":"Also, we are ready to consider the possible options if, for some reason, our proposal to the replacement of the word \"target\" is not acceptable to some delegations, then the options of adding in paragraph 1 of a sentence related to the capabilities of such systems to inflict death to humans or on humans.","start":2377.35,"end":2407.83,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the scope."},{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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on sub-paragraph a, that draws a lot of attention from delegations.","start":2569.59,"end":2576.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2569.59,"end":2569.91},{"text":"on","start":2569.91,"end":2570.39},{"text":"sub-paragraph","start":2571.19,"end":2572.31},{"text":"a,","start":2573.43,"end":2573.47},{"text":"that","start":2573.47,"end":2573.75},{"text":"draws","start":2573.75,"end":2574.31},{"text":"a","start":2574.31,"end":2574.35},{"text":"lot","start":2574.35,"end":2574.51},{"text":"of","start":2574.51,"end":2574.63},{"text":"attention","start":2574.63,"end":2575.19},{"text":"from","start":2575.19,"end":2575.67},{"text":"delegations.","start":2575.67,"end":2576.63}]},{"text":"They're really focusing on this paragraph, and we agree that this indeed is a package proposal and should be considered as a package, and we're against any attempts to put parts of this paragraph in square brackets and wait until better 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delegation will be happy to delete this subparagraph, the main and idea is contained in paragraph 1, sub-paragraph 1a simply clarifies what we have in paragraph 1, and this is why we're quite flexible in terms of whether we will have sub-paragraph a or we simply will not have it.","start":2608.51,"end":2633.83,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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the first sentence of subparagraph.","start":2643.43,"end":2646.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":2643.43,"end":2643.83},{"text":"the","start":2644.59,"end":2644.71},{"text":"first","start":2644.71,"end":2644.95},{"text":"sentence","start":2644.95,"end":2645.47},{"text":"of","start":2645.47,"end":2645.63},{"text":"subparagraph.","start":2645.63,"end":2646.79}]},{"text":"Overall, we do not have any big problems with this first sentence.","start":2648.51,"end":2653.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Overall,","start":2648.51,"end":2649.15},{"text":"we","start":2649.15,"end":2649.55},{"text":"do","start":2649.55,"end":2649.71},{"text":"not","start":2649.71,"end":2649.95},{"text":"have","start":2649.95,"end":2650.11},{"text":"any","start":2650.11,"end":2650.35},{"text":"big","start":2650.35,"end":2650.51},{"text":"problems","start":2650.51,"end":2651.07},{"text":"with","start":2651.07,"end":2651.19},{"text":"this","start":2651.19,"end":2651.55},{"text":"first","start":2652.43,"end":2652.71},{"text":"sentence.","start":2652.71,"end":2653.31}]},{"text":"The only thing we would like to do is to say once again that we have some questions related to the language \"characteristics of\" or the introduction of a separate notion as \"characteristics as\" was proposed by the delegation of Pakistan, for example, because the different frequency situations when there are no specific characteristics simply do not exist.","start":2654.67,"end":2687.23,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."},{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2654.67,"end":2654.87},{"text":"only","start":2654.87,"end":2655.15},{"text":"thing","start":2655.15,"end":2655.63},{"text":"we","start":2655.63,"end":2655.79},{"text":"would","start":2655.79,"end":2655.95},{"text":"like","start":2655.95,"end":2656.35},{"text":"to","start":2656.59,"end":2656.83},{"text":"do","start":2656.83,"end":2657.31},{"text":"is","start":2657.31,"end":2658.11},{"text":"to","start":2658.11,"end":2658.27},{"text":"say","start":2658.27,"end":2658.99},{"text":"once","start":2658.99,"end":2659.43},{"text":"again","start":2659.43,"end":2660.19},{"text":"that","start":2660.19,"end":2660.67},{"text":"we","start":2661.07,"end":2661.39},{"text":"have","start":2661.39,"end":2661.71},{"text":"some","start":2661.71,"end":2662.03},{"text":"questions","start":2662.03,"end":2662.83},{"text":"related","start":2663.79,"end":2664.51},{"text":"to","start":2664.51,"end":2664.99},{"text":"the","start":2665.95,"end":2666.27},{"text":"language","start":2666.27,"end":2666.67},{"text":"\"characteristics","start":2666.67,"end":2667.87},{"text":"of\"","start":2668.03,"end":2668.51},{"text":"or","start":2668.67,"end":2669.15},{"text":"the","start":2669.15,"end":2669.27},{"text":"introduction","start":2669.27,"end":2670.03},{"text":"of","start":2670.03,"end":2670.11},{"text":"a","start":2670.11,"end":2670.19},{"text":"separate","start":2670.19,"end":2670.67},{"text":"notion","start":2670.67,"end":2671.23},{"text":"as","start":2671.23,"end":2671.55},{"text":"\"characteristics","start":2671.55,"end":2672.35},{"text":"as\"","start":2672.43,"end":2672.59},{"text":"was","start":2672.59,"end":2672.83},{"text":"proposed","start":2672.83,"end":2673.31},{"text":"by","start":2673.31,"end":2673.47},{"text":"the","start":2673.47,"end":2673.59},{"text":"delegation","start":2673.59,"end":2674.27},{"text":"of","start":2674.79,"end":2674.99},{"text":"Pakistan,","start":2674.99,"end":2675.55},{"text":"for","start":2675.55,"end":2675.67},{"text":"example,","start":2675.67,"end":2676.27},{"text":"because","start":2676.27,"end":2677.15},{"text":"the","start":2677.79,"end":2678.07},{"text":"different","start":2678.83,"end":2679.39},{"text":"frequency","start":2679.39,"end":2680.11},{"text":"situations","start":2680.11,"end":2680.99},{"text":"when","start":2680.99,"end":2681.47},{"text":"there","start":2681.47,"end":2681.75},{"text":"are","start":2681.75,"end":2681.87},{"text":"no","start":2681.87,"end":2682.35},{"text":"specific","start":2682.67,"end":2683.83},{"text":"characteristics","start":2683.83,"end":2685.15},{"text":"simply","start":2686.19,"end":2686.59},{"text":"do","start":2686.59,"end":2686.67},{"text":"not","start":2686.67,"end":2686.87},{"text":"exist.","start":2686.87,"end":2687.23}]},{"text":"They would not be introduced, but there'll be a list of targets and These targets can be identified not through the identification of any types of characteristics.","start":2687.23,"end":2700.99,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2687.23,"end":2687.31},{"text":"would","start":2687.31,"end":2687.55},{"text":"not","start":2687.55,"end":2687.75},{"text":"be","start":2687.75,"end":2688.03},{"text":"introduced,","start":2688.03,"end":2688.99},{"text":"but","start":2689.63,"end":2690.03},{"text":"there'll","start":2690.03,"end":2690.35},{"text":"be","start":2690.35,"end":2690.47},{"text":"a","start":2690.47,"end":2690.51},{"text":"list","start":2690.51,"end":2690.91},{"text":"of","start":2690.91,"end":2690.99},{"text":"targets","start":2690.99,"end":2691.47},{"text":"and","start":2692.51,"end":2693.07},{"text":"These","start":2694.59,"end":2694.83},{"text":"targets","start":2694.83,"end":2695.39},{"text":"can","start":2695.39,"end":2695.63},{"text":"be","start":2695.63,"end":2696.11},{"text":"identified","start":2696.11,"end":2697.07},{"text":"not","start":2697.31,"end":2697.71},{"text":"through","start":2697.71,"end":2698.11},{"text":"the","start":2698.11,"end":2698.23},{"text":"identification","start":2698.23,"end":2699.15},{"text":"of","start":2699.15,"end":2699.31},{"text":"any","start":2699.31,"end":2699.55},{"text":"types","start":2699.55,"end":2699.91},{"text":"of","start":2699.91,"end":2700.03},{"text":"characteristics.","start":2700.03,"end":2700.99}]},{"text":"There are different, many different ways that are already being employed in practice without any reference to the characteristics of such systems.","start":2701.79,"end":2711.87,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2701.79,"end":2701.99},{"text":"are","start":2701.99,"end":2702.07},{"text":"different,","start":2702.07,"end":2702.83},{"text":"many","start":2703.55,"end":2703.79},{"text":"different","start":2703.79,"end":2704.43},{"text":"ways","start":2704.43,"end":2704.99},{"text":"that","start":2704.99,"end":2705.19},{"text":"are","start":2705.19,"end":2705.27},{"text":"already","start":2705.27,"end":2705.55},{"text":"being","start":2705.55,"end":2705.87},{"text":"employed","start":2705.87,"end":2706.23},{"text":"in","start":2706.23,"end":2706.43},{"text":"practice","start":2706.43,"end":2707.07},{"text":"without","start":2707.07,"end":2707.95},{"text":"any","start":2708.63,"end":2708.91},{"text":"reference","start":2708.99,"end":2709.71},{"text":"to","start":2709.71,"end":2709.87},{"text":"the","start":2709.87,"end":2709.99},{"text":"characteristics","start":2709.99,"end":2710.83},{"text":"of","start":2710.83,"end":2710.99},{"text":"such","start":2710.99,"end":2711.23},{"text":"systems.","start":2711.23,"end":2711.87}]},{"text":"Now, in all of that, this has no direct bearing on the full-fledged compliance with the norms of international humanitarian law.","start":2713.95,"end":2724.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":2713.95,"end":2714.27},{"text":"in","start":2714.27,"end":2714.51},{"text":"all","start":2714.51,"end":2714.71},{"text":"of","start":2714.71,"end":2714.83},{"text":"that,","start":2714.83,"end":2715.15},{"text":"this","start":2715.47,"end":2715.87},{"text":"has","start":2715.87,"end":2716.59},{"text":"no","start":2717.15,"end":2717.55},{"text":"direct","start":2717.55,"end":2718.27},{"text":"bearing","start":2719.07,"end":2719.79},{"text":"on","start":2719.79,"end":2720.11},{"text":"the","start":2720.11,"end":2720.27},{"text":"full-fledged","start":2720.27,"end":2721.63},{"text":"compliance","start":2721.95,"end":2722.51},{"text":"with","start":2722.51,"end":2722.87},{"text":"the","start":2722.87,"end":2722.95},{"text":"norms","start":2722.95,"end":2723.39},{"text":"of","start":2723.39,"end":2723.71},{"text":"international","start":2723.71,"end":2724.23},{"text":"humanitarian","start":2724.23,"end":2724.75},{"text":"law.","start":2724.75,"end":2724.95}]},{"text":"In this respect, we would be ready to consider the option where we would simply have simply language related to the list of potential targets or set of potential targets.","start":2724.95,"end":2739.39,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2724.95,"end":2725.07},{"text":"this","start":2726.11,"end":2726.43},{"text":"respect,","start":2726.67,"end":2727.39},{"text":"we","start":2727.71,"end":2728.03},{"text":"would","start":2728.03,"end":2728.23},{"text":"be","start":2728.23,"end":2728.59},{"text":"ready","start":2728.67,"end":2729.39},{"text":"to","start":2729.55,"end":2730.03},{"text":"consider","start":2730.03,"end":2730.75},{"text":"the","start":2730.75,"end":2730.87},{"text":"option","start":2730.87,"end":2731.31},{"text":"where","start":2731.31,"end":2731.71},{"text":"we","start":2731.71,"end":2731.95},{"text":"would","start":2731.95,"end":2732.11},{"text":"simply","start":2732.11,"end":2732.75},{"text":"have","start":2733.31,"end":2733.79},{"text":"simply","start":2734.59,"end":2735.15},{"text":"language","start":2735.15,"end":2735.47},{"text":"related","start":2735.47,"end":2735.87},{"text":"to","start":2735.87,"end":2735.95},{"text":"the","start":2735.95,"end":2736.07},{"text":"list","start":2736.07,"end":2736.35},{"text":"of","start":2736.35,"end":2736.43},{"text":"potential","start":2736.43,"end":2736.91},{"text":"targets","start":2736.91,"end":2737.39},{"text":"or","start":2737.87,"end":2738.03},{"text":"set","start":2738.03,"end":2738.27},{"text":"of","start":2738.27,"end":2738.35},{"text":"potential","start":2738.35,"end":2738.91},{"text":"targets.","start":2738.91,"end":2739.39}]},{"text":"Or if for delegations, it is very important to have a reference to characteristics.","start":2742.91,"end":2749.51,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Or","start":2742.91,"end":2743.39},{"text":"if","start":2743.87,"end":2744.19},{"text":"for","start":2745.11,"end":2745.35},{"text":"delegations,","start":2745.35,"end":2746.23},{"text":"it","start":2746.23,"end":2746.39},{"text":"is","start":2746.39,"end":2746.55},{"text":"very","start":2746.55,"end":2747.03},{"text":"important","start":2747.03,"end":2747.67},{"text":"to","start":2747.67,"end":2747.75},{"text":"have","start":2747.75,"end":2747.91},{"text":"a","start":2747.91,"end":2747.95},{"text":"reference","start":2747.95,"end":2748.39},{"text":"to","start":2748.39,"end":2748.55},{"text":"characteristics.","start":2748.55,"end":2749.51}]},{"text":"We would propose to add some language to this and say, including characteristics or with characteristics.","start":2750.71,"end":2763.91,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2750.71,"end":2751.27},{"text":"would","start":2751.35,"end":2751.67},{"text":"propose","start":2751.67,"end":2752.63},{"text":"to","start":2752.63,"end":2752.87},{"text":"add","start":2752.95,"end":2753.43},{"text":"some","start":2753.67,"end":2753.99},{"text":"language","start":2753.99,"end":2754.63},{"text":"to","start":2754.87,"end":2755.03},{"text":"this","start":2755.03,"end":2755.51},{"text":"and","start":2756.31,"end":2756.55},{"text":"say,","start":2756.55,"end":2757.03},{"text":"including","start":2758.95,"end":2760.07},{"text":"characteristics","start":2760.87,"end":2762.31},{"text":"or","start":2762.47,"end":2762.79},{"text":"with","start":2762.79,"end":2762.95},{"text":"characteristics.","start":2762.95,"end":2763.91}]},{"text":"Including with characteristics.","start":2766.07,"end":2767.83,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Including","start":2766.07,"end":2766.63},{"text":"with","start":2766.63,"end":2766.87},{"text":"characteristics.","start":2766.87,"end":2767.83}]},{"text":"We believe that in that case we would show some flexibility in terms of the language here, especially in light of the national realities that exist in countries, and here we would ensure that there's flexibility here and we would provide some room for maneuver in order not to have any very strict frameworks for this situation.","start":2772.91,"end":2796.43,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2772.91,"end":2773.11},{"text":"believe","start":2773.11,"end":2773.47},{"text":"that","start":2773.47,"end":2773.87},{"text":"in","start":2773.95,"end":2774.11},{"text":"that","start":2774.11,"end":2774.35},{"text":"case","start":2774.35,"end":2774.83},{"text":"we","start":2774.83,"end":2775.15},{"text":"would","start":2775.15,"end":2775.47},{"text":"show","start":2775.47,"end":2776.11},{"text":"some","start":2776.11,"end":2776.39},{"text":"flexibility","start":2776.39,"end":2777.11},{"text":"in","start":2777.11,"end":2777.23},{"text":"terms","start":2777.23,"end":2777.47},{"text":"of","start":2777.47,"end":2777.55},{"text":"the","start":2777.55,"end":2777.63},{"text":"language","start":2777.63,"end":2778.11},{"text":"here,","start":2778.11,"end":2778.51},{"text":"especially","start":2778.79,"end":2779.35},{"text":"in","start":2779.35,"end":2779.43},{"text":"light","start":2779.43,"end":2779.63},{"text":"of","start":2779.63,"end":2779.71},{"text":"the","start":2779.71,"end":2779.95},{"text":"national","start":2779.95,"end":2780.43},{"text":"realities","start":2780.43,"end":2781.31},{"text":"that","start":2781.31,"end":2781.51},{"text":"exist","start":2781.51,"end":2781.95},{"text":"in","start":2781.95,"end":2782.11},{"text":"countries,","start":2782.11,"end":2782.75},{"text":"and","start":2783.07,"end":2783.39},{"text":"here","start":2783.39,"end":2783.87},{"text":"we","start":2783.87,"end":2784.43},{"text":"would","start":2784.43,"end":2784.83},{"text":"ensure","start":2784.83,"end":2785.23},{"text":"that","start":2785.23,"end":2785.39},{"text":"there's","start":2785.39,"end":2785.91},{"text":"flexibility","start":2785.91,"end":2786.59},{"text":"here","start":2786.59,"end":2786.99},{"text":"and","start":2787.47,"end":2787.95},{"text":"we","start":2787.95,"end":2788.43},{"text":"would","start":2788.43,"end":2788.83},{"text":"provide","start":2789.39,"end":2789.87},{"text":"some","start":2789.87,"end":2790.03},{"text":"room","start":2790.03,"end":2790.43},{"text":"for","start":2790.43,"end":2790.91},{"text":"maneuver","start":2790.91,"end":2791.55},{"text":"in","start":2791.87,"end":2792.11},{"text":"order","start":2792.11,"end":2792.51},{"text":"not","start":2792.51,"end":2793.11},{"text":"to","start":2793.11,"end":2793.19},{"text":"have","start":2793.19,"end":2793.55},{"text":"any","start":2793.55,"end":2793.79},{"text":"very","start":2793.79,"end":2794.27},{"text":"strict","start":2794.27,"end":2794.75},{"text":"frameworks","start":2794.75,"end":2795.39},{"text":"for","start":2795.39,"end":2795.63},{"text":"this","start":2795.63,"end":2795.75},{"text":"situation.","start":2795.75,"end":2796.43}]},{"text":"Now, as far as the second sentence is concerned, then overall we do not have any big issues with this sentence.","start":2798.19,"end":2810.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":2798.19,"end":2798.75},{"text":"as","start":2799.11,"end":2799.31},{"text":"far","start":2799.31,"end":2799.67},{"text":"as","start":2799.67,"end":2799.87},{"text":"the","start":2799.87,"end":2799.99},{"text":"second","start":2800.63,"end":2800.99},{"text":"sentence","start":2801.03,"end":2801.75},{"text":"is","start":2801.75,"end":2802.07},{"text":"concerned,","start":2802.07,"end":2802.71},{"text":"then","start":2802.71,"end":2803.19},{"text":"overall","start":2805.27,"end":2805.75},{"text":"we","start":2805.75,"end":2805.95},{"text":"do","start":2805.95,"end":2806.07},{"text":"not","start":2806.07,"end":2806.31},{"text":"have","start":2806.31,"end":2806.55},{"text":"any","start":2806.55,"end":2806.71},{"text":"big","start":2806.71,"end":2806.95},{"text":"issues","start":2807.27,"end":2807.75},{"text":"with","start":2807.75,"end":2808.03},{"text":"this","start":2808.03,"end":2808.39},{"text":"sentence.","start":2809.51,"end":2810.39}]},{"text":"Perhaps the words \"by the system\" simply is superfluous and we'd prefer to delete these words in order not to identify a system through a system.","start":2811.99,"end":2825.19,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."},{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."},{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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also for raising some questions.","start":3022.47,"end":3024.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":3022.47,"end":3022.75},{"text":"also","start":3022.75,"end":3023.19},{"text":"for","start":3023.19,"end":3023.59},{"text":"raising","start":3023.67,"end":3024.07},{"text":"some","start":3024.07,"end":3024.23},{"text":"questions.","start":3024.31,"end":3024.79}]},{"text":"And of course, other delegations are free to react to 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the ICRC, to be followed by the UK, Ireland and Japan.","start":3030.95,"end":3035.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":3030.95,"end":3031.27},{"text":"on","start":3031.27,"end":3031.35},{"text":"my","start":3031.35,"end":3031.51},{"text":"list","start":3031.51,"end":3031.83},{"text":"is","start":3031.83,"end":3031.99},{"text":"the","start":3032.07,"end":3032.15},{"text":"ICRC,","start":3032.15,"end":3032.87},{"text":"to","start":3032.87,"end":3033.03},{"text":"be","start":3033.03,"end":3033.19},{"text":"followed","start":3033.19,"end":3033.51},{"text":"by","start":3033.51,"end":3033.67},{"text":"the","start":3033.67,"end":3033.75},{"text":"UK,","start":3033.75,"end":3034.31},{"text":"Ireland","start":3034.31,"end":3034.79},{"text":"and","start":3034.79,"end":3034.91},{"text":"Japan.","start":3034.91,"end":3035.43}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of the 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for the consultations you've undertaken with different delegations.","start":3051.59,"end":3054.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":3051.59,"end":3051.75},{"text":"for","start":3051.75,"end":3051.91},{"text":"the","start":3051.91,"end":3051.99},{"text":"consultations","start":3051.99,"end":3052.71},{"text":"you've","start":3052.71,"end":3052.87},{"text":"undertaken","start":3052.87,"end":3053.35},{"text":"with","start":3053.35,"end":3053.47},{"text":"different","start":3053.47,"end":3053.79},{"text":"delegations.","start":3053.79,"end":3054.55}]},{"text":"We welcome the progress made in building convergence and view paragraph 1A as a step closer to hopefully reaching consensus on this 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me to start by broadly framing the issue and then coming to some specific comments on the suggested 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recall that the delegations who originally wished to retain the term \"identify\" within the critical functions and in a cumulative manner did so for two primary reasons.","start":3070.95,"end":3081.35,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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again, that said, in the spirit of consensus building, if some delegations consider the inclusion of the second sentence as essential to maintaining a balanced approach to the characterization or a package you suggest, Chair, then we could support retaining it with a few adjustments.","start":3342.63,"end":3359.19,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Once","start":3342.63,"end":3342.87},{"text":"again,","start":3342.87,"end":3343.43},{"text":"that","start":3343.43,"end":3343.75},{"text":"said,","start":3343.75,"end":3344.23},{"text":"in","start":3344.55,"end":3344.71},{"text":"the","start":3344.71,"end":3344.79},{"text":"spirit","start":3344.79,"end":3345.23},{"text":"of","start":3345.23,"end":3345.35},{"text":"consensus","start":3345.35,"end":3345.91},{"text":"building,","start":3345.91,"end":3346.39},{"text":"if","start":3346.71,"end":3346.87},{"text":"some","start":3346.87,"end":3347.11},{"text":"delegations","start":3347.11,"end":3347.67},{"text":"consider","start":3347.67,"end":3348.11},{"text":"the","start":3348.11,"end":3348.19},{"text":"inclusion","start":3348.19,"end":3348.63},{"text":"of","start":3348.63,"end":3348.71},{"text":"the","start":3348.71,"end":3348.79},{"text":"second","start":3348.79,"end":3349.11},{"text":"sentence","start":3349.11,"end":3350.07},{"text":"as","start":3350.07,"end":3350.23},{"text":"essential","start":3350.23,"end":3350.87},{"text":"to","start":3351.19,"end":3351.27},{"text":"maintaining","start":3351.27,"end":3351.75},{"text":"a","start":3351.75,"end":3351.83},{"text":"balanced","start":3351.83,"end":3352.19},{"text":"approach","start":3352.19,"end":3352.55},{"text":"to","start":3352.55,"end":3352.63},{"text":"the","start":3352.63,"end":3352.71},{"text":"characterization","start":3352.71,"end":3353.83},{"text":"or","start":3354.31,"end":3354.51},{"text":"a","start":3354.51,"end":3354.55},{"text":"package","start":3354.55,"end":3354.99},{"text":"you","start":3355.11,"end":3355.23},{"text":"suggest,","start":3355.23,"end":3355.67},{"text":"Chair,","start":3355.67,"end":3356.07},{"text":"then","start":3356.39,"end":3356.63},{"text":"we","start":3356.63,"end":3356.79},{"text":"could","start":3356.79,"end":3356.95},{"text":"support","start":3356.95,"end":3357.35},{"text":"retaining","start":3357.35,"end":3357.83},{"text":"it","start":3357.83,"end":3357.99},{"text":"with","start":3357.99,"end":3358.15},{"text":"a","start":3358.15,"end":3358.19},{"text":"few","start":3358.19,"end":3358.39},{"text":"adjustments.","start":3358.39,"end":3359.19}]},{"text":"First, we would suggest replacing \"chooses\" with \"selects.\"","start":3360.63,"end":3363.91,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3360.63,"end":3361.19},{"text":"we","start":3361.19,"end":3361.43},{"text":"would","start":3361.43,"end":3361.59},{"text":"suggest","start":3361.59,"end":3361.95},{"text":"replacing","start":3361.95,"end":3362.39},{"text":"\"chooses\"","start":3362.39,"end":3363.03},{"text":"with","start":3363.03,"end":3363.23},{"text":"\"selects.\"","start":3363.23,"end":3363.91}]},{"text":"While we appreciate the explanation provided by you, Chair, we consider that the term \"chooses\" to be somewhat ambiguous.","start":3364.75,"end":3370.71,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":3364.75,"end":3365.03},{"text":"we","start":3365.03,"end":3365.19},{"text":"appreciate","start":3365.19,"end":3365.63},{"text":"the","start":3365.63,"end":3365.71},{"text":"explanation","start":3365.71,"end":3366.23},{"text":"provided","start":3366.23,"end":3366.67},{"text":"by","start":3366.67,"end":3366.83},{"text":"you,","start":3366.87,"end":3367.03},{"text":"Chair,","start":3367.03,"end":3367.43},{"text":"we","start":3367.51,"end":3367.71},{"text":"consider","start":3367.71,"end":3368.23},{"text":"that","start":3368.23,"end":3368.39},{"text":"the","start":3368.39,"end":3368.51},{"text":"term","start":3368.51,"end":3368.79},{"text":"\"chooses\"","start":3368.79,"end":3369.19},{"text":"to","start":3369.19,"end":3369.27},{"text":"be","start":3369.27,"end":3369.43},{"text":"somewhat","start":3369.43,"end":3369.83},{"text":"ambiguous.","start":3369.83,"end":3370.71}]},{"text":"Using \"selects\" would be preferable, as it aligns with the terminology already used in the characterization of the critical functions.","start":3371.67,"end":3378.95,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Using","start":3371.67,"end":3372.07},{"text":"\"selects\"","start":3372.07,"end":3373.27},{"text":"would","start":3373.27,"end":3373.43},{"text":"be","start":3373.43,"end":3373.59},{"text":"preferable,","start":3373.59,"end":3374.31},{"text":"as","start":3374.31,"end":3374.51},{"text":"it","start":3374.51,"end":3374.63},{"text":"aligns","start":3374.63,"end":3374.99},{"text":"with","start":3374.99,"end":3375.11},{"text":"the","start":3375.11,"end":3375.19},{"text":"terminology","start":3375.19,"end":3376.07},{"text":"already","start":3376.07,"end":3376.51},{"text":"used","start":3376.51,"end":3376.71},{"text":"in","start":3376.71,"end":3376.83},{"text":"the","start":3376.83,"end":3376.91},{"text":"characterization","start":3376.91,"end":3377.71},{"text":"of","start":3377.71,"end":3377.83},{"text":"the","start":3377.83,"end":3377.91},{"text":"critical","start":3377.91,"end":3378.23},{"text":"functions.","start":3378.23,"end":3378.95}]},{"text":"Additionally, using select here would clarify that when a human performs that selection function referred to in paragraph one, then the system would fall outside the characterization, which would help create a clear contrast illustrating when a system would fall within or outside the characterization.","start":3380.67,"end":3397.95,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":3380.67,"end":3381.39},{"text":"using","start":3381.47,"end":3381.87},{"text":"select","start":3381.87,"end":3382.35},{"text":"here","start":3382.35,"end":3382.59},{"text":"would","start":3382.59,"end":3382.79},{"text":"clarify","start":3382.79,"end":3383.39},{"text":"that","start":3383.39,"end":3383.59},{"text":"when","start":3383.59,"end":3383.75},{"text":"a","start":3383.75,"end":3383.79},{"text":"human","start":3383.79,"end":3384.11},{"text":"performs","start":3384.11,"end":3384.67},{"text":"that","start":3384.67,"end":3385.07},{"text":"selection","start":3385.07,"end":3385.55},{"text":"function","start":3385.55,"end":3385.95},{"text":"referred","start":3385.95,"end":3386.23},{"text":"to","start":3386.23,"end":3386.39},{"text":"in","start":3386.39,"end":3386.51},{"text":"paragraph","start":3386.51,"end":3387.07},{"text":"one,","start":3387.07,"end":3387.39},{"text":"then","start":3387.87,"end":3388.03},{"text":"the","start":3388.03,"end":3388.15},{"text":"system","start":3388.15,"end":3388.47},{"text":"would","start":3388.47,"end":3388.59},{"text":"fall","start":3388.59,"end":3388.91},{"text":"outside","start":3388.91,"end":3389.43},{"text":"the","start":3389.43,"end":3389.51},{"text":"characterization,","start":3389.51,"end":3390.59},{"text":"which","start":3391.31,"end":3391.63},{"text":"would","start":3391.63,"end":3391.87},{"text":"help","start":3391.87,"end":3392.11},{"text":"create","start":3392.11,"end":3392.55},{"text":"a","start":3392.55,"end":3392.59},{"text":"clear","start":3392.59,"end":3392.91},{"text":"contrast","start":3392.91,"end":3393.63},{"text":"illustrating","start":3393.63,"end":3394.19},{"text":"when","start":3394.19,"end":3394.35},{"text":"a","start":3394.35,"end":3394.39},{"text":"system","start":3394.39,"end":3394.71},{"text":"would","start":3394.71,"end":3394.83},{"text":"fall","start":3394.83,"end":3395.07},{"text":"within","start":3395.07,"end":3395.47},{"text":"or","start":3395.79,"end":3396.11},{"text":"outside","start":3396.11,"end":3397.03},{"text":"the","start":3397.03,"end":3397.11},{"text":"characterization.","start":3397.11,"end":3397.95}]},{"text":"Second, we would recommend replacing the term targets with object.","start":3399.55,"end":3403.47,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3399.55,"end":3400.19},{"text":"we","start":3400.27,"end":3400.51},{"text":"would","start":3400.51,"end":3400.71},{"text":"recommend","start":3400.71,"end":3401.15},{"text":"replacing","start":3401.15,"end":3401.63},{"text":"the","start":3401.63,"end":3401.71},{"text":"term","start":3401.71,"end":3401.95},{"text":"targets","start":3401.95,"end":3402.59},{"text":"with","start":3402.59,"end":3402.83},{"text":"object.","start":3402.91,"end":3403.47}]},{"text":"In our view, if the intention is to capture situations in which the human operator selects a specific person or object, and the system merely executes that engagement, then this should be stated clearly.","start":3404.23,"end":3417.03,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3404.23,"end":3404.47},{"text":"our","start":3404.47,"end":3404.79},{"text":"view,","start":3404.79,"end":3405.19},{"text":"if","start":3405.19,"end":3405.35},{"text":"the","start":3405.35,"end":3405.43},{"text":"intention","start":3405.43,"end":3405.95},{"text":"is","start":3405.95,"end":3406.03},{"text":"to","start":3406.03,"end":3406.11},{"text":"capture","start":3406.11,"end":3406.47},{"text":"situations","start":3406.47,"end":3407.19},{"text":"in","start":3407.19,"end":3407.27},{"text":"which","start":3407.27,"end":3407.75},{"text":"the","start":3407.75,"end":3407.87},{"text":"human","start":3407.87,"end":3408.23},{"text":"operator","start":3408.23,"end":3408.95},{"text":"selects","start":3408.95,"end":3409.59},{"text":"a","start":3409.59,"end":3409.63},{"text":"specific","start":3409.63,"end":3410.07},{"text":"person","start":3410.07,"end":3410.55},{"text":"or","start":3410.55,"end":3410.71},{"text":"object,","start":3410.71,"end":3411.35},{"text":"and","start":3411.91,"end":3412.11},{"text":"the","start":3412.11,"end":3412.19},{"text":"system","start":3412.19,"end":3412.59},{"text":"merely","start":3412.59,"end":3412.95},{"text":"executes","start":3412.95,"end":3413.67},{"text":"that","start":3413.67,"end":3413.91},{"text":"engagement,","start":3413.91,"end":3414.63},{"text":"then","start":3414.95,"end":3415.15},{"text":"this","start":3415.15,"end":3415.35},{"text":"should","start":3415.35,"end":3415.51},{"text":"be","start":3415.51,"end":3415.63},{"text":"stated","start":3415.63,"end":3416.55},{"text":"clearly.","start":3416.55,"end":3417.03}]},{"text":"Referring to targets could be interpreted more broadly, potentially encompassing target profiles, particularly since the notion of target profile no longer appears in the first sentence.","start":3418.15,"end":3428.15,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Referring","start":3418.15,"end":3418.63},{"text":"to","start":3418.63,"end":3418.71},{"text":"targets","start":3418.71,"end":3419.11},{"text":"could","start":3419.11,"end":3419.27},{"text":"be","start":3419.27,"end":3419.43},{"text":"interpreted","start":3419.43,"end":3419.91},{"text":"more","start":3419.91,"end":3420.15},{"text":"broadly,","start":3420.15,"end":3420.79},{"text":"potentially","start":3420.91,"end":3421.39},{"text":"encompassing","start":3421.39,"end":3421.99},{"text":"target","start":3421.99,"end":3422.27},{"text":"profiles,","start":3422.27,"end":3422.95},{"text":"particularly","start":3423.51,"end":3424.39},{"text":"since","start":3424.39,"end":3424.63},{"text":"the","start":3424.63,"end":3424.75},{"text":"notion","start":3424.75,"end":3425.03},{"text":"of","start":3425.03,"end":3425.11},{"text":"target","start":3425.11,"end":3425.43},{"text":"profile","start":3425.43,"end":3425.99},{"text":"no","start":3426.31,"end":3426.55},{"text":"longer","start":3426.55,"end":3426.87},{"text":"appears","start":3426.87,"end":3427.15},{"text":"in","start":3427.15,"end":3427.23},{"text":"the","start":3427.23,"end":3427.31},{"text":"first","start":3427.31,"end":3427.51},{"text":"sentence.","start":3427.51,"end":3428.15}]},{"text":"Finally, for reasons of consistency, we would suggest replacing \"personnel\" with \"human being\", although we would be comfortable with either formulation.","start":3429.51,"end":3437.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":3429.51,"end":3430.07},{"text":"for","start":3430.07,"end":3430.31},{"text":"reasons","start":3430.31,"end":3430.75},{"text":"of","start":3430.75,"end":3430.87},{"text":"consistency,","start":3430.87,"end":3431.75},{"text":"we","start":3431.75,"end":3431.99},{"text":"would","start":3431.99,"end":3432.15},{"text":"suggest","start":3432.15,"end":3432.55},{"text":"replacing","start":3432.55,"end":3432.95},{"text":"\"personnel\"","start":3432.95,"end":3433.51},{"text":"with","start":3433.51,"end":3433.67},{"text":"\"human","start":3433.67,"end":3433.99},{"text":"being\",","start":3433.99,"end":3434.47},{"text":"although","start":3434.95,"end":3435.31},{"text":"we","start":3435.31,"end":3435.43},{"text":"would","start":3435.43,"end":3435.59},{"text":"be","start":3435.59,"end":3435.67},{"text":"comfortable","start":3435.67,"end":3436.11},{"text":"with","start":3436.11,"end":3436.23},{"text":"either","start":3436.23,"end":3436.47},{"text":"formulation.","start":3436.47,"end":3437.19}]},{"text":"I thank you, Chair.","start":3437.83,"end":3438.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3437.83,"end":3437.99},{"text":"thank","start":3437.99,"end":3438.15},{"text":"you,","start":3438.15,"end":3438.23},{"text":"Chair.","start":3438.23,"end":3438.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ICRC","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"ICRC"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":3449.99,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=57:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of the ICRC for commenting on the text proposals and reacting to proposals made by other 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Chair.","start":3770.55,"end":3771.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3770.55,"end":3770.71},{"text":"you,","start":3770.71,"end":3770.79},{"text":"Mr.","start":3770.79,"end":3771.03},{"text":"Chair.","start":3771.03,"end":3771.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GBR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":3774.07,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:02:55","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of the UK for reflecting on the proposals 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Brazil.","start":3780.31,"end":3783.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":3780.31,"end":3780.79},{"text":"on","start":3780.79,"end":3780.87},{"text":"my","start":3780.87,"end":3781.03},{"text":"list","start":3781.03,"end":3781.35},{"text":"is","start":3781.35,"end":3781.51},{"text":"Ireland,","start":3781.51,"end":3781.83},{"text":"to","start":3781.83,"end":3781.91},{"text":"be","start":3781.91,"end":3782.07},{"text":"followed","start":3782.07,"end":3782.39},{"text":"by","start":3782.39,"end":3782.51},{"text":"Japan","start":3782.51,"end":3782.91},{"text":"and","start":3782.91,"end":3783.07},{"text":"Brazil.","start":3783.07,"end":3783.59}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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do appreciate the good faith attempts by all delegations to find a compromise here, and we think it's essential that we do not let the best become the enemy of the 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seems that we're attempting to create a watertight characterization, which precisely determines all the systems that fall in or out of the scope of this characterization.","start":3809.35,"end":3818.63,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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you, Mr. Chair.","start":3978.15,"end":3978.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3978.15,"end":3978.31},{"text":"you,","start":3978.31,"end":3978.39},{"text":"Mr.","start":3978.39,"end":3978.63},{"text":"Chair.","start":3978.63,"end":3978.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IRL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Ireland"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":3982.03,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:06:23","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland for stating the positions of his 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Brazil.","start":3993.15,"end":3997.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":3993.15,"end":3994.03},{"text":"on","start":3994.03,"end":3994.11},{"text":"my","start":3994.11,"end":3994.27},{"text":"list","start":3994.27,"end":3994.75},{"text":"is","start":3994.75,"end":3995.07},{"text":"Japan,","start":3995.07,"end":3995.71},{"text":"to","start":3995.71,"end":3995.79},{"text":"be","start":3995.79,"end":3995.95},{"text":"followed","start":3995.95,"end":3996.51},{"text":"by","start":3996.51,"end":3996.75},{"text":"Brazil.","start":3996.75,"end":3997.23}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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can consider favorably the proposal by the distinguished delegate of Pakistan to delete the bracket and refer to a set or characteristics of financial targets.","start":4030.19,"end":4041.95,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4030.19,"end":4030.35},{"text":"can","start":4030.35,"end":4030.51},{"text":"consider","start":4030.51,"end":4031.07},{"text":"favorably","start":4031.07,"end":4031.79},{"text":"the","start":4032.27,"end":4032.39},{"text":"proposal","start":4032.39,"end":4033.07},{"text":"by","start":4033.07,"end":4033.23},{"text":"the","start":4033.23,"end":4033.35},{"text":"distinguished","start":4033.35,"end":4033.95},{"text":"delegate","start":4034.03,"end":4034.59},{"text":"of","start":4034.79,"end":4034.91},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4034.91,"end":4035.63},{"text":"to","start":4036.03,"end":4036.15},{"text":"delete","start":4036.15,"end":4036.47},{"text":"the","start":4036.47,"end":4036.59},{"text":"bracket","start":4036.59,"end":4037.15},{"text":"and","start":4037.31,"end":4037.47},{"text":"refer","start":4037.47,"end":4037.79},{"text":"to","start":4037.79,"end":4038.35},{"text":"a","start":4038.83,"end":4038.91},{"text":"set","start":4038.91,"end":4039.39},{"text":"or","start":4039.55,"end":4039.87},{"text":"characteristics","start":4039.87,"end":4040.75},{"text":"of","start":4040.95,"end":4041.07},{"text":"financial","start":4041.07,"end":4041.43},{"text":"targets.","start":4041.43,"end":4041.95}]},{"text":"In reaction to other comments, we support the proposal by the ICRC to change \"choose\" to \"select\" as we consider that it adds clarity in relation to paragraph 1.","start":4044.03,"end":4056.43,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4044.03,"end":4044.11},{"text":"reaction","start":4044.11,"end":4044.59},{"text":"to","start":4044.59,"end":4044.71},{"text":"other","start":4044.71,"end":4044.91},{"text":"comments,","start":4044.91,"end":4045.39},{"text":"we","start":4046.11,"end":4046.27},{"text":"support","start":4046.27,"end":4046.67},{"text":"the","start":4046.67,"end":4046.75},{"text":"proposal","start":4046.75,"end":4047.47},{"text":"by","start":4047.71,"end":4047.95},{"text":"the","start":4047.95,"end":4048.07},{"text":"ICRC","start":4048.07,"end":4048.99},{"text":"to","start":4049.07,"end":4049.19},{"text":"change","start":4049.23,"end":4049.71},{"text":"\"choose\"","start":4049.71,"end":4050.27},{"text":"to","start":4050.75,"end":4051.07},{"text":"\"select\"","start":4051.07,"end":4051.71},{"text":"as","start":4052.67,"end":4052.91},{"text":"we","start":4052.91,"end":4053.07},{"text":"consider","start":4053.07,"end":4053.55},{"text":"that","start":4053.55,"end":4053.71},{"text":"it","start":4053.71,"end":4053.87},{"text":"adds","start":4053.87,"end":4054.11},{"text":"clarity","start":4054.11,"end":4054.83},{"text":"in","start":4054.91,"end":4055.07},{"text":"relation","start":4055.07,"end":4055.55},{"text":"to","start":4055.55,"end":4055.63},{"text":"paragraph","start":4055.63,"end":4056.11},{"text":"1.","start":4056.11,"end":4056.43}]},{"text":"But for the same reason, we prefer to retain \"target.\"","start":4057.71,"end":4060.99,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4057.71,"end":4058.03},{"text":"for","start":4058.11,"end":4058.35},{"text":"the","start":4058.35,"end":4058.43},{"text":"same","start":4058.43,"end":4058.67},{"text":"reason,","start":4058.67,"end":4059.23},{"text":"we","start":4059.31,"end":4059.47},{"text":"prefer","start":4059.47,"end":4059.87},{"text":"to","start":4059.87,"end":4060.07},{"text":"retain","start":4060.07,"end":4060.43},{"text":"\"target.\"","start":4060.43,"end":4060.99}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4061.55,"end":4062.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4061.55,"end":4061.63},{"text":"thank","start":4061.67,"end":4061.87},{"text":"you,","start":4061.87,"end":4061.95},{"text":"Mr.","start":4061.95,"end":4062.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":4062.19,"end":4062.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"JPN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Japan"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":4068.83,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:07:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Japan for commenting on the text and proposals made from the floor.","start":4068.83,"end":4075.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4068.83,"end":4069.07},{"text":"thank","start":4069.07,"end":4069.39},{"text":"the","start":4069.39,"end":4069.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":4069.47,"end":4069.99},{"text":"representative","start":4069.99,"end":4070.75},{"text":"of","start":4070.79,"end":4070.91},{"text":"Japan","start":4070.91,"end":4071.55},{"text":"for","start":4071.55,"end":4071.79},{"text":"commenting","start":4071.79,"end":4072.43},{"text":"on","start":4072.43,"end":4072.75},{"text":"the","start":4072.83,"end":4072.99},{"text":"text","start":4072.99,"end":4073.39},{"text":"and","start":4073.39,"end":4073.71},{"text":"proposals","start":4073.71,"end":4074.27},{"text":"made","start":4074.27,"end":4074.75},{"text":"from","start":4074.99,"end":4075.31},{"text":"the","start":4075.31,"end":4075.47},{"text":"floor.","start":4075.47,"end":4075.95}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Brazil, to be followed by Stop Killer Robots and Switzerland.","start":4076.75,"end":4081.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":4076.75,"end":4077.15},{"text":"on","start":4077.15,"end":4077.23},{"text":"my","start":4077.23,"end":4077.47},{"text":"list","start":4077.47,"end":4077.79},{"text":"is","start":4077.79,"end":4078.11},{"text":"Brazil,","start":4078.27,"end":4078.75},{"text":"to","start":4078.75,"end":4078.83},{"text":"be","start":4078.83,"end":4078.99},{"text":"followed","start":4078.99,"end":4079.31},{"text":"by","start":4079.31,"end":4079.47},{"text":"Stop","start":4079.47,"end":4079.79},{"text":"Killer","start":4079.79,"end":4080.07},{"text":"Robots","start":4080.07,"end":4080.51},{"text":"and","start":4080.59,"end":4080.75},{"text":"Switzerland.","start":4080.75,"end":4081.31}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Brazil.","start":4081.31,"end":4084.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4081.31,"end":4081.51},{"text":"let","start":4081.51,"end":4081.63},{"text":"me","start":4081.63,"end":4081.75},{"text":"first","start":4081.75,"end":4082.03},{"text":"pass","start":4082.03,"end":4082.31},{"text":"the","start":4082.31,"end":4082.43},{"text":"floor","start":4082.43,"end":4082.67},{"text":"to","start":4082.67,"end":4082.79},{"text":"the","start":4082.79,"end":4082.87},{"text":"distinguished","start":4082.87,"end":4083.39},{"text":"representative","start":4083.39,"end":4084.03},{"text":"of","start":4084.03,"end":4084.11},{"text":"Brazil.","start":4084.11,"end":4084.51}]},{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":4084.51,"end":4085.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4084.51,"end":4084.67},{"text":"have","start":4084.67,"end":4084.87},{"text":"the","start":4084.87,"end":4084.95},{"text":"floor,","start":4084.99,"end":4085.19},{"text":"sir.","start":4085.19,"end":4085.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":24,"start":4088.19,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:08:09","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":4088.19,"end":4089.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4088.19,"end":4088.35},{"text":"you,","start":4088.35,"end":4088.55},{"text":"Mr.","start":4088.95,"end":4089.23},{"text":"Chairman.","start":4089.23,"end":4089.75}]},{"text":"Like others, we would like to thank you and your team for your efforts and for presenting options to bridge the gaps that remain on this box, which we are pleased to note seem to be narrowing down.","start":4090.23,"end":4102.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Like","start":4090.23,"end":4090.47},{"text":"others,","start":4090.47,"end":4090.79},{"text":"we","start":4090.79,"end":4090.87},{"text":"would","start":4090.87,"end":4090.99},{"text":"like","start":4090.99,"end":4091.11},{"text":"to","start":4091.11,"end":4091.27},{"text":"thank","start":4091.27,"end":4091.51},{"text":"you","start":4091.51,"end":4091.75},{"text":"and","start":4091.83,"end":4091.99},{"text":"your","start":4091.99,"end":4092.11},{"text":"team","start":4092.11,"end":4092.47},{"text":"for","start":4093.03,"end":4093.35},{"text":"your","start":4093.35,"end":4093.51},{"text":"efforts","start":4093.51,"end":4093.95},{"text":"and","start":4093.95,"end":4094.11},{"text":"for","start":4094.11,"end":4094.47},{"text":"presenting","start":4094.63,"end":4095.27},{"text":"options","start":4095.35,"end":4095.83},{"text":"to","start":4095.83,"end":4096.23},{"text":"bridge","start":4096.39,"end":4096.71},{"text":"the","start":4096.71,"end":4096.79},{"text":"gaps","start":4096.79,"end":4097.11},{"text":"that","start":4097.11,"end":4097.35},{"text":"remain","start":4097.35,"end":4097.99},{"text":"on","start":4098.35,"end":4098.47},{"text":"this","start":4098.47,"end":4098.79},{"text":"box,","start":4098.79,"end":4099.19},{"text":"which","start":4099.19,"end":4099.67},{"text":"we","start":4100.31,"end":4100.51},{"text":"are","start":4100.51,"end":4100.59},{"text":"pleased","start":4100.59,"end":4100.91},{"text":"to","start":4100.91,"end":4100.99},{"text":"note","start":4100.99,"end":4101.35},{"text":"seem","start":4101.35,"end":4101.51},{"text":"to","start":4101.51,"end":4101.63},{"text":"be","start":4101.63,"end":4101.99},{"text":"narrowing","start":4101.99,"end":4102.55},{"text":"down.","start":4102.55,"end":4102.87}]},{"text":"Like others, we also considered that the first sentence, the amendments to the first sentence of paragraph, subparagraph 1A, are a step forward.","start":4104.63,"end":4115.43,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Like","start":4104.63,"end":4104.95},{"text":"others,","start":4104.95,"end":4105.19},{"text":"we","start":4105.19,"end":4105.35},{"text":"also","start":4105.35,"end":4105.59},{"text":"considered","start":4105.59,"end":4106.15},{"text":"that","start":4106.15,"end":4106.55},{"text":"the","start":4107.11,"end":4107.31},{"text":"first","start":4107.75,"end":4108.19},{"text":"sentence,","start":4108.19,"end":4109.19},{"text":"the","start":4109.51,"end":4109.63},{"text":"amendments","start":4109.63,"end":4110.11},{"text":"to","start":4110.11,"end":4110.19},{"text":"the","start":4110.19,"end":4110.27},{"text":"first","start":4110.27,"end":4110.47},{"text":"sentence","start":4110.47,"end":4110.87},{"text":"of","start":4110.87,"end":4111.03},{"text":"paragraph,","start":4111.03,"end":4111.67},{"text":"subparagraph","start":4111.83,"end":4112.47},{"text":"1A,","start":4112.55,"end":4113.27},{"text":"are","start":4113.91,"end":4114.23},{"text":"a","start":4114.47,"end":4114.51},{"text":"step","start":4114.51,"end":4114.87},{"text":"forward.","start":4114.87,"end":4115.43}]},{"text":"And we agree with Austria and Pakistan with regards to the need to delete the brackets around the words characteristics of.","start":4116.75,"end":4128.99,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4116.75,"end":4117.15},{"text":"we","start":4118.59,"end":4118.83},{"text":"agree","start":4118.83,"end":4119.31},{"text":"with","start":4119.31,"end":4119.87},{"text":"Austria","start":4120.35,"end":4120.95},{"text":"and","start":4120.95,"end":4121.15},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4121.15,"end":4121.87},{"text":"with","start":4121.95,"end":4122.19},{"text":"regards","start":4122.19,"end":4122.51},{"text":"to","start":4122.51,"end":4122.75},{"text":"the","start":4122.75,"end":4123.23},{"text":"need","start":4123.63,"end":4123.95},{"text":"to","start":4123.95,"end":4124.07},{"text":"delete","start":4124.07,"end":4124.59},{"text":"the","start":4124.67,"end":4124.83},{"text":"brackets","start":4124.83,"end":4125.39},{"text":"around","start":4125.39,"end":4125.95},{"text":"the","start":4125.95,"end":4126.11},{"text":"words","start":4126.11,"end":4126.43},{"text":"characteristics","start":4126.43,"end":4128.59},{"text":"of.","start":4128.59,"end":4128.99}]},{"text":"We believe that the formulation should read set of potential targets or characteristics thereof, as has been proposed before by both delegations.","start":4130.19,"end":4140.67,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4130.19,"end":4130.59},{"text":"believe","start":4130.59,"end":4130.99},{"text":"that","start":4130.99,"end":4131.23},{"text":"the","start":4131.23,"end":4131.55},{"text":"formulation","start":4132.11,"end":4132.67},{"text":"should","start":4132.67,"end":4132.79},{"text":"read","start":4132.79,"end":4133.31},{"text":"set","start":4133.47,"end":4133.95},{"text":"of","start":4133.95,"end":4134.03},{"text":"potential","start":4134.03,"end":4134.59},{"text":"targets","start":4134.59,"end":4135.31},{"text":"or","start":4135.55,"end":4135.87},{"text":"characteristics","start":4135.87,"end":4136.83},{"text":"thereof,","start":4136.83,"end":4137.55},{"text":"as","start":4137.79,"end":4137.99},{"text":"has","start":4137.99,"end":4138.11},{"text":"been","start":4138.11,"end":4138.35},{"text":"proposed","start":4138.35,"end":4138.79},{"text":"before","start":4139.07,"end":4139.63},{"text":"by","start":4139.71,"end":4139.87},{"text":"both","start":4139.87,"end":4140.07},{"text":"delegations.","start":4140.07,"end":4140.67}]},{"text":"And I believe the ICRC has also supported this formulation.","start":4140.67,"end":4145.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4140.67,"end":4140.87},{"text":"I","start":4140.87,"end":4140.91},{"text":"believe","start":4140.91,"end":4141.39},{"text":"the","start":4141.39,"end":4141.55},{"text":"ICRC","start":4142.11,"end":4143.31},{"text":"has","start":4143.47,"end":4143.63},{"text":"also","start":4143.63,"end":4143.95},{"text":"supported","start":4143.95,"end":4144.51},{"text":"this","start":4144.51,"end":4145.07},{"text":"formulation.","start":4145.07,"end":4145.71}]},{"text":"As for the second sentence, as we indicated during the informal consultations, we are concerned that the formulation that we have there might introduce a loophole for the characterization of laws.","start":4146.51,"end":4160.51,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4146.51,"end":4146.75},{"text":"for","start":4146.75,"end":4146.99},{"text":"the","start":4146.99,"end":4147.11},{"text":"second","start":4147.11,"end":4147.47},{"text":"sentence,","start":4147.47,"end":4148.19},{"text":"as","start":4148.75,"end":4148.95},{"text":"we","start":4148.95,"end":4149.03},{"text":"indicated","start":4149.03,"end":4149.71},{"text":"during","start":4149.79,"end":4150.19},{"text":"the","start":4150.19,"end":4150.59},{"text":"informal","start":4150.75,"end":4151.15},{"text":"consultations,","start":4151.15,"end":4152.03},{"text":"we","start":4152.59,"end":4152.75},{"text":"are","start":4152.75,"end":4152.83},{"text":"concerned","start":4152.83,"end":4153.47},{"text":"that","start":4153.47,"end":4153.87},{"text":"the","start":4153.95,"end":4154.19},{"text":"formulation","start":4154.19,"end":4154.79},{"text":"that","start":4154.79,"end":4154.91},{"text":"we","start":4154.91,"end":4155.07},{"text":"have","start":4155.07,"end":4155.27},{"text":"there","start":4155.27,"end":4155.71},{"text":"might","start":4155.95,"end":4156.31},{"text":"introduce","start":4156.31,"end":4156.83},{"text":"a","start":4157.07,"end":4157.15},{"text":"loophole","start":4157.15,"end":4157.79},{"text":"for","start":4158.35,"end":4158.79},{"text":"the","start":4158.79,"end":4158.87},{"text":"characterization","start":4158.87,"end":4159.63},{"text":"of","start":4159.63,"end":4159.79},{"text":"laws.","start":4159.79,"end":4160.51}]},{"text":"Our preference would be to exclude it, as indicated by other delegations.","start":4161.55,"end":4168.19,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":4161.55,"end":4161.95},{"text":"preference","start":4162.35,"end":4162.83},{"text":"would","start":4162.83,"end":4163.03},{"text":"be","start":4163.03,"end":4163.47},{"text":"to","start":4163.63,"end":4163.83},{"text":"exclude","start":4163.83,"end":4164.43},{"text":"it,","start":4164.43,"end":4164.75},{"text":"as","start":4165.63,"end":4165.87},{"text":"indicated","start":4165.87,"end":4166.43},{"text":"by","start":4166.43,"end":4166.83},{"text":"other","start":4166.99,"end":4167.19},{"text":"delegations.","start":4167.19,"end":4168.19}]},{"text":"We understand, however, the importance attached to it by some delegations And we are willing to continue examining this language.","start":4169.23,"end":4179.31,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4169.23,"end":4169.79},{"text":"understand,","start":4169.87,"end":4170.51},{"text":"however,","start":4170.51,"end":4171.15},{"text":"the","start":4171.15,"end":4171.23},{"text":"importance","start":4171.23,"end":4171.87},{"text":"attached","start":4171.87,"end":4172.39},{"text":"to","start":4172.39,"end":4172.51},{"text":"it","start":4172.51,"end":4172.83},{"text":"by","start":4172.91,"end":4173.15},{"text":"some","start":4173.15,"end":4173.71},{"text":"delegations","start":4173.71,"end":4174.59},{"text":"And","start":4174.99,"end":4175.23},{"text":"we","start":4175.23,"end":4175.39},{"text":"are","start":4175.39,"end":4175.47},{"text":"willing","start":4175.47,"end":4175.87},{"text":"to","start":4175.87,"end":4175.99},{"text":"continue","start":4175.99,"end":4176.59},{"text":"examining","start":4176.59,"end":4177.59},{"text":"this","start":4178.11,"end":4178.67},{"text":"language.","start":4178.67,"end":4179.31}]},{"text":"Without committing to it, I think that we could consider a formulation that combines the solutions proposed by both Pakistan and ICRC and replace the second part of that second sentence with \"select each specific target.\"","start":4180.35,"end":4200.59,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."},{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the 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we would not favor any changes there too.","start":4256.67,"end":4259.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4256.67,"end":4256.91},{"text":"we","start":4256.91,"end":4257.07},{"text":"would","start":4257.07,"end":4257.23},{"text":"not","start":4257.23,"end":4257.55},{"text":"favor","start":4257.55,"end":4258.03},{"text":"any","start":4258.31,"end":4258.59},{"text":"changes","start":4258.59,"end":4259.15},{"text":"there","start":4259.23,"end":4259.55},{"text":"too.","start":4259.55,"end":4259.95}]},{"text":"I thank you very much, Mr. Chair.","start":4260.99,"end":4262.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4260.99,"end":4261},{"text":"thank","start":4260.99,"end":4261.19},{"text":"you","start":4261.19,"end":4261.27},{"text":"very","start":4261.27,"end":4261.47},{"text":"much,","start":4261.47,"end":4261.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":4261.87,"end":4262.27},{"text":"Chair.","start":4262.27,"end":4262.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"BRA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Brazil"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":4264.75,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:11:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Brazil for sharing the views of the delegation commenting on proposals.","start":4264.75,"end":4270.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4264.75,"end":4264.91},{"text":"thank","start":4264.91,"end":4265.23},{"text":"the","start":4265.23,"end":4265.31},{"text":"distinguished","start":4265.31,"end":4265.83},{"text":"representative","start":4265.83,"end":4266.51},{"text":"of","start":4266.51,"end":4266.59},{"text":"Brazil","start":4266.59,"end":4267.07},{"text":"for","start":4267.31,"end":4267.55},{"text":"sharing","start":4267.55,"end":4267.75},{"text":"the","start":4267.75,"end":4267.83},{"text":"views","start":4267.83,"end":4268.11},{"text":"of","start":4268.15,"end":4268.23},{"text":"the","start":4268.23,"end":4268.31},{"text":"delegation","start":4268.31,"end":4268.91},{"text":"commenting","start":4268.91,"end":4269.39},{"text":"on","start":4269.39,"end":4269.47},{"text":"proposals.","start":4269.47,"end":4270.43}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Stop Killer Robots, to be followed by Switzerland.","start":4270.83,"end":4274.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":4270.83,"end":4271.23},{"text":"on","start":4271.23,"end":4271.31},{"text":"my","start":4271.31,"end":4271.43},{"text":"list","start":4271.43,"end":4271.79},{"text":"is","start":4271.79,"end":4271.91},{"text":"Stop","start":4271.91,"end":4272.27},{"text":"Killer","start":4272.27,"end":4272.63},{"text":"Robots,","start":4272.63,"end":4273.07},{"text":"to","start":4273.07,"end":4273.15},{"text":"be","start":4273.15,"end":4273.31},{"text":"followed","start":4273.31,"end":4273.63},{"text":"by","start":4273.63,"end":4273.71},{"text":"Switzerland.","start":4273.71,"end":4274.27}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Stop Killer Robots.","start":4274.27,"end":4278.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4274.27,"end":4274.51},{"text":"let","start":4274.51,"end":4274.67},{"text":"me","start":4274.67,"end":4274.83},{"text":"first","start":4274.83,"end":4275.15},{"text":"pass","start":4275.15,"end":4275.47},{"text":"the","start":4275.47,"end":4275.55},{"text":"floor","start":4275.55,"end":4275.79},{"text":"to","start":4275.79,"end":4275.87},{"text":"the","start":4276.19,"end":4276.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":4276.27,"end":4276.91},{"text":"representative","start":4276.91,"end":4277.55},{"text":"of","start":4277.55,"end":4277.63},{"text":"Stop","start":4277.63,"end":4278.11},{"text":"Killer","start":4278.11,"end":4278.43},{"text":"Robots.","start":4278.43,"end":4278.67}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4278.67,"end":4279.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4278.67,"end":4278.75},{"text":"have","start":4278.75,"end":4279.03},{"text":"the","start":4279.03,"end":4279.15},{"text":"floor.","start":4279.19,"end":4279.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":26,"start":4281.23,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:11:22","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4281.23,"end":4282.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4281.23,"end":4281.47},{"text":"you,","start":4281.47,"end":4281.63},{"text":"Chair.","start":4281.63,"end":4282.27}]},{"text":"We appreciate the continued efforts of you and your team and of states to reach consensus on the characterization.","start":4282.67,"end":4289.95,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4282.67,"end":4283.23},{"text":"appreciate","start":4283.23,"end":4283.79},{"text":"the","start":4283.79,"end":4283.91},{"text":"continued","start":4283.91,"end":4284.43},{"text":"efforts","start":4284.43,"end":4284.83},{"text":"of","start":4284.83,"end":4284.99},{"text":"you","start":4284.99,"end":4285.47},{"text":"and","start":4285.47,"end":4285.79},{"text":"your","start":4285.79,"end":4285.95},{"text":"team","start":4285.95,"end":4286.51},{"text":"and","start":4286.51,"end":4286.71},{"text":"of","start":4286.71,"end":4286.79},{"text":"states","start":4286.79,"end":4287.15},{"text":"to","start":4287.15,"end":4287.27},{"text":"reach","start":4287.27,"end":4287.51},{"text":"consensus","start":4287.51,"end":4288.35},{"text":"on","start":4288.35,"end":4288.75},{"text":"the","start":4288.75,"end":4288.83},{"text":"characterization.","start":4288.83,"end":4289.95}]},{"text":"On paragraph 1A, we believe the first sentence provides some clarification in response to the addition of the term \"identify,\" and we welcome this development.","start":4290.71,"end":4300.71,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4338.79,"end":4339.11},{"text":"risks","start":4339.11,"end":4339.51},{"text":"include","start":4339.51,"end":4340.15},{"text":"unintended","start":4340.15,"end":4340.79},{"text":"objects","start":4340.79,"end":4341.31},{"text":"being","start":4341.31,"end":4341.59},{"text":"selected","start":4341.59,"end":4342.23},{"text":"and","start":4342.23,"end":4342.39},{"text":"engaged","start":4342.39,"end":4342.87},{"text":"by","start":4342.87,"end":4343.03},{"text":"a","start":4343.03,"end":4343.07},{"text":"system","start":4343.07,"end":4343.67},{"text":"or","start":4343.91,"end":4344.15},{"text":"unintended","start":4344.15,"end":4344.79},{"text":"harm","start":4344.79,"end":4345.19},{"text":"being","start":4345.19,"end":4345.43},{"text":"caused","start":4345.43,"end":4345.99},{"text":"if","start":4345.99,"end":4346.15},{"text":"the","start":4346.15,"end":4346.23},{"text":"context","start":4346.23,"end":4346.83},{"text":"of","start":4346.83,"end":4346.95},{"text":"use","start":4346.95,"end":4347.27},{"text":"changes","start":4347.27,"end":4347.91},{"text":"after","start":4347.91,"end":4348.39},{"text":"decisions","start":4348.39,"end":4348.95},{"text":"by","start":4348.95,"end":4349.39},{"text":"a","start":4349.39,"end":4349.43},{"text":"human","start":4349.43,"end":4349.75},{"text":"operator.","start":4349.75,"end":4350.39}]},{"text":"We imagine that the intention of states with the second sentence of paragraph 1A is to exclude from the characterization weapon systems where there is no uncertainty as to what a system will strike that may, for example, have an automatic guidance system.","start":4351.43,"end":4367.75,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4351.43,"end":4351.63},{"text":"imagine","start":4351.63,"end":4352.23},{"text":"that","start":4352.23,"end":4352.35},{"text":"the","start":4352.35,"end":4352.43},{"text":"intention","start":4352.47,"end":4353.07},{"text":"of","start":4353.07,"end":4353.19},{"text":"states","start":4353.19,"end":4353.75},{"text":"with","start":4353.75,"end":4353.87},{"text":"the","start":4353.87,"end":4353.99},{"text":"second","start":4353.99,"end":4354.39},{"text":"sentence","start":4354.39,"end":4354.91},{"text":"of","start":4354.91,"end":4355.03},{"text":"paragraph","start":4355.03,"end":4355.51},{"text":"1A","start":4355.51,"end":4356.23},{"text":"is","start":4356.55,"end":4356.71},{"text":"to","start":4356.71,"end":4356.87},{"text":"exclude","start":4356.87,"end":4357.51},{"text":"from","start":4357.51,"end":4357.67},{"text":"the","start":4357.67,"end":4357.79},{"text":"characterization","start":4357.79,"end":4358.71},{"text":"weapon","start":4358.71,"end":4359.11},{"text":"systems","start":4359.11,"end":4359.71},{"text":"where","start":4359.71,"end":4359.91},{"text":"there","start":4359.91,"end":4360.11},{"text":"is","start":4360.11,"end":4360.31},{"text":"no","start":4360.31,"end":4360.79},{"text":"uncertainty","start":4360.79,"end":4361.59},{"text":"as","start":4361.59,"end":4361.83},{"text":"to","start":4361.83,"end":4361.95},{"text":"what","start":4361.95,"end":4362.23},{"text":"a","start":4362.23,"end":4362.31},{"text":"system","start":4362.31,"end":4362.87},{"text":"will","start":4362.87,"end":4363.19},{"text":"strike","start":4363.19,"end":4363.67},{"text":"that","start":4364.07,"end":4364.39},{"text":"may,","start":4364.47,"end":4364.79},{"text":"for","start":4364.79,"end":4364.99},{"text":"example,","start":4364.99,"end":4365.51},{"text":"have","start":4365.51,"end":4365.91},{"text":"an","start":4365.99,"end":4366.15},{"text":"automatic","start":4366.15,"end":4366.79},{"text":"guidance","start":4366.79,"end":4367.23},{"text":"system.","start":4367.23,"end":4367.75}]},{"text":"However, we believe that this sentence risks having the opposite effect to achieving this narrow exclusion.","start":4368.55,"end":4376.95,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":4368.55,"end":4369.19},{"text":"we","start":4369.59,"end":4369.91},{"text":"believe","start":4369.91,"end":4370.31},{"text":"that","start":4370.31,"end":4370.51},{"text":"this","start":4370.51,"end":4370.75},{"text":"sentence","start":4370.75,"end":4371.27},{"text":"risks","start":4371.27,"end":4371.75},{"text":"having","start":4371.75,"end":4372.23},{"text":"the","start":4372.23,"end":4372.35},{"text":"opposite","start":4372.39,"end":4372.87},{"text":"effect","start":4372.87,"end":4373.43},{"text":"to","start":4374.79,"end":4374.99},{"text":"achieving","start":4374.99,"end":4375.59},{"text":"this","start":4375.59,"end":4375.83},{"text":"narrow","start":4375.83,"end":4376.23},{"text":"exclusion.","start":4376.23,"end":4376.95}]},{"text":"For stop killer robots, it introduces more ambiguity and the potential for the characterization to be read much more narrowly than we believe is the intention here.","start":4378.31,"end":4387.59,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4378.31,"end":4378.47},{"text":"stop","start":4378.47,"end":4378.71},{"text":"killer","start":4378.71,"end":4378.99},{"text":"robots,","start":4378.99,"end":4379.59},{"text":"it","start":4379.59,"end":4380.07},{"text":"introduces","start":4380.15,"end":4380.87},{"text":"more","start":4380.87,"end":4381.15},{"text":"ambiguity","start":4381.15,"end":4381.91},{"text":"and","start":4382.15,"end":4382.27},{"text":"the","start":4382.27,"end":4382.35},{"text":"potential","start":4382.35,"end":4382.83},{"text":"for","start":4382.83,"end":4383.03},{"text":"the","start":4383.03,"end":4383.11},{"text":"characterization","start":4383.11,"end":4383.99},{"text":"to","start":4383.99,"end":4384.07},{"text":"be","start":4384.07,"end":4384.23},{"text":"read","start":4384.23,"end":4384.55},{"text":"much","start":4384.71,"end":4385.03},{"text":"more","start":4385.03,"end":4385.27},{"text":"narrowly","start":4385.27,"end":4385.75},{"text":"than","start":4385.75,"end":4385.99},{"text":"we","start":4385.99,"end":4386.07},{"text":"believe","start":4386.07,"end":4386.47},{"text":"is","start":4386.47,"end":4386.63},{"text":"the","start":4386.63,"end":4386.75},{"text":"intention","start":4386.75,"end":4387.27},{"text":"here.","start":4387.27,"end":4387.59}]},{"text":"It is not clear what choosing the specific target targets means.","start":4388.39,"end":4393.19,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4388.39,"end":4388.47},{"text":"is","start":4388.47,"end":4388.63},{"text":"not","start":4388.63,"end":4388.87},{"text":"clear","start":4388.87,"end":4389.39},{"text":"what","start":4389.39,"end":4389.83},{"text":"choosing","start":4389.83,"end":4390.47},{"text":"the","start":4390.47,"end":4390.55},{"text":"specific","start":4390.55,"end":4391.19},{"text":"target","start":4391.19,"end":4391.95},{"text":"targets","start":4391.95,"end":4392.63},{"text":"means.","start":4392.63,"end":4393.19}]},{"text":"This language could risk implying that autonomous weapon systems are only those that are sent out onto the battlefield to seek targets entirely speculatively, a practice we assume that states are not seeking to employ, rather than in response, for example, to the known presence of military targets in a certain area.","start":4393.83,"end":4413.67,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4427.11,"end":4427.51},{"text":"can","start":4427.51,"end":4427.75},{"text":"be","start":4427.75,"end":4427.91},{"text":"activated","start":4427.91,"end":4428.55},{"text":"in","start":4428.55,"end":4428.71},{"text":"response","start":4428.71,"end":4429.19},{"text":"to","start":4429.19,"end":4429.31},{"text":"known","start":4429.31,"end":4429.67},{"text":"incoming","start":4429.67,"end":4430.23},{"text":"munitions.","start":4430.23,"end":4430.95}]},{"text":"We are sure that this is not the intention of including this language.","start":4431.75,"end":4435.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4431.75,"end":4431.95},{"text":"are","start":4431.95,"end":4432.03},{"text":"sure","start":4432.03,"end":4432.39},{"text":"that","start":4432.39,"end":4432.55},{"text":"this","start":4432.55,"end":4432.71},{"text":"is","start":4432.71,"end":4432.87},{"text":"not","start":4432.87,"end":4433.07},{"text":"the","start":4433.07,"end":4433.15},{"text":"intention","start":4433.15,"end":4433.83},{"text":"of","start":4433.83,"end":4433.91},{"text":"including","start":4433.91,"end":4434.39},{"text":"this","start":4434.39,"end":4434.55},{"text":"language.","start":4434.55,"end":4435.11}]},{"text":"Our recommendation is that the second sentence of paragraph 1A be deleted.","start":4435.83,"end":4440.15,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":4435.83,"end":4435.95},{"text":"recommendation","start":4435.95,"end":4436.79},{"text":"is","start":4436.79,"end":4436.99},{"text":"that","start":4436.99,"end":4437.11},{"text":"the","start":4437.11,"end":4437.19},{"text":"second","start":4437.19,"end":4437.51},{"text":"sentence","start":4437.51,"end":4438.15},{"text":"of","start":4438.15,"end":4438.31},{"text":"paragraph","start":4438.31,"end":4438.79},{"text":"1A","start":4438.79,"end":4439.27},{"text":"be","start":4439.35,"end":4439.59},{"text":"deleted.","start":4439.59,"end":4440.15}]},{"text":"We believe it is not needed in order to address certain countries' stated concerns.","start":4440.55,"end":4445.03,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4445.35,"end":4445.51},{"text":"should","start":4445.51,"end":4445.83},{"text":"be","start":4445.83,"end":4445.99},{"text":"well","start":4445.99,"end":4446.23},{"text":"covered","start":4446.23,"end":4446.71},{"text":"by","start":4446.71,"end":4446.79},{"text":"the","start":4446.79,"end":4446.87},{"text":"inclusion","start":4446.87,"end":4447.59},{"text":"of","start":4447.59,"end":4447.75},{"text":"the","start":4447.75,"end":4447.83},{"text":"term","start":4447.83,"end":4448.23},{"text":"identify","start":4448.23,"end":4449.11},{"text":"in","start":4449.11,"end":4449.27},{"text":"paragraph","start":4449.27,"end":4449.83},{"text":"one","start":4449.83,"end":4450.23},{"text":"and","start":4450.47,"end":4450.67},{"text":"its","start":4450.67,"end":4450.79},{"text":"qualification","start":4450.79,"end":4451.59},{"text":"through","start":4451.59,"end":4451.75},{"text":"the","start":4451.75,"end":4451.83},{"text":"first","start":4451.83,"end":4452.11},{"text":"sentence","start":4452.11,"end":4452.63},{"text":"of","start":4452.63,"end":4452.71},{"text":"paragraph","start":4452.71,"end":4453.27},{"text":"1A.","start":4453.27,"end":4453.91}]},{"text":"The sentence second sentence second second sentence, excuse me, risks introducing loopholes and narrow interpretations that the first sentence intends to prevent.","start":4454.47,"end":4464.39,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4454.47,"end":4454.59},{"text":"sentence","start":4454.59,"end":4455.07},{"text":"second","start":4455.07,"end":4455.27},{"text":"sentence","start":4455.59,"end":4456.59},{"text":"second","start":4457.03,"end":4457.35},{"text":"second","start":4457.35,"end":4457.59},{"text":"sentence,","start":4457.59,"end":4458.23},{"text":"excuse","start":4458.23,"end":4458.63},{"text":"me,","start":4458.63,"end":4458.87},{"text":"risks","start":4459.19,"end":4459.59},{"text":"introducing","start":4459.67,"end":4460.31},{"text":"loopholes","start":4460.31,"end":4460.95},{"text":"and","start":4460.95,"end":4461.07},{"text":"narrow","start":4461.07,"end":4461.35},{"text":"interpretations","start":4461.35,"end":4462.27},{"text":"that","start":4462.27,"end":4462.39},{"text":"the","start":4462.39,"end":4462.51},{"text":"first","start":4462.51,"end":4462.79},{"text":"sentence","start":4462.79,"end":4463.27},{"text":"intends","start":4463.27,"end":4463.83},{"text":"to","start":4463.83,"end":4463.91},{"text":"prevent.","start":4463.91,"end":4464.39}]},{"text":"It is not easy to see how it could be clarified to avoid this, and so, in our view, deletion would be preferable, although we appreciate colleagues' continued efforts to find improvements for its clarification, and note the Chair's comments on the intention to retain this sentence.","start":4465.11,"end":4479.35,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4480.23,"end":4480.47},{"text":"note","start":4480.47,"end":4480.67},{"text":"that","start":4480.67,"end":4480.87},{"text":"States","start":4480.87,"end":4481.23},{"text":"are","start":4481.23,"end":4481.35},{"text":"not","start":4481.35,"end":4481.59},{"text":"yet","start":4481.59,"end":4481.79},{"text":"at","start":4481.79,"end":4481.91},{"text":"the","start":4482.07,"end":4482.15},{"text":"stage","start":4482.15,"end":4482.55},{"text":"of","start":4482.55,"end":4482.79},{"text":"negotiating","start":4482.79,"end":4483.59},{"text":"a","start":4483.59,"end":4483.67},{"text":"legally","start":4483.67,"end":4484.07},{"text":"binding","start":4484.07,"end":4484.39},{"text":"instrument,","start":4484.39,"end":4485.03},{"text":"and","start":4485.11,"end":4485.31},{"text":"therefore,","start":4485.31,"end":4485.87},{"text":"a","start":4485.87,"end":4485.91},{"text":"definition","start":4485.91,"end":4486.63},{"text":"of","start":4486.63,"end":4486.79},{"text":"autonomous","start":4486.79,"end":4487.19},{"text":"weapon","start":4487.19,"end":4487.51},{"text":"systems.","start":4487.51,"end":4488.15}]},{"text":"and paragraph 1C of the rolling text notes the possibility to discuss exclusions in the future.","start":4488.59,"end":4495.07,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":4488.59,"end":4488.99},{"text":"paragraph","start":4488.99,"end":4489.55},{"text":"1C","start":4489.55,"end":4490.27},{"text":"of","start":4490.27,"end":4490.39},{"text":"the","start":4490.39,"end":4490.47},{"text":"rolling","start":4490.47,"end":4490.83},{"text":"text","start":4490.83,"end":4491.39},{"text":"notes","start":4491.39,"end":4491.79},{"text":"the","start":4491.79,"end":4491.95},{"text":"possibility","start":4491.95,"end":4492.67},{"text":"to","start":4492.67,"end":4492.83},{"text":"discuss","start":4492.83,"end":4493.31},{"text":"exclusions","start":4493.31,"end":4494.35},{"text":"in","start":4494.35,"end":4494.47},{"text":"the","start":4494.47,"end":4494.55},{"text":"future.","start":4494.55,"end":4495.07}]},{"text":"We remind states that they should resolve definitional issues during negotiations.","start":4495.63,"end":4499.79,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4495.63,"end":4495.79},{"text":"remind","start":4495.79,"end":4496.19},{"text":"states","start":4496.19,"end":4496.67},{"text":"that","start":4496.67,"end":4496.79},{"text":"they","start":4496.79,"end":4496.91},{"text":"should","start":4496.91,"end":4497.15},{"text":"resolve","start":4497.15,"end":4497.55},{"text":"definitional","start":4497.55,"end":4498.11},{"text":"issues","start":4498.11,"end":4498.59},{"text":"during","start":4498.59,"end":4498.83},{"text":"negotiations.","start":4498.83,"end":4499.79}]},{"text":"We would like to emphasize again to states that considerable progress they have made and the convergence that they have achieved to get to the point of a text of elements that can work as a basis for the negotiation of an instrument.","start":4500.27,"end":4511.95,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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we welcome the opportunity for this discussion, which can serve to test different approaches here in the 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great importance for our process.","start":4759.11,"end":4761.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":4759.11,"end":4759.75},{"text":"of","start":4759.75,"end":4759.83},{"text":"great","start":4759.83,"end":4760.11},{"text":"importance","start":4760.11,"end":4760.67},{"text":"for","start":4760.67,"end":4760.83},{"text":"our","start":4760.83,"end":4760.95},{"text":"process.","start":4760.95,"end":4761.55}]},{"text":"Thank you so much.","start":4761.55,"end":4762.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4761.55,"end":4761.79},{"text":"you","start":4761.79,"end":4761.87},{"text":"so","start":4761.87,"end":4762.03},{"text":"much.","start":4762.03,"end":4762.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Switzerland"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":4764.27,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:19:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Switzerland for stating the positions of his 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think you have presented a very careful balance, and we agree with the delegations of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United Kingdom in that 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also really wanted to appreciate the UK delegation and the ICRC's very good explanations of the text, which are helping us think through and understand it, especially how it relates to key issues like 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know, with respect to the chapeau, we do still have a concern with regard to the word functionally and also remain focused on questions of lethality, as are other delegations.","start":4846.47,"end":4857.03,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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interpretation.","start":5351.51,"end":5357.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Interpreters","start":5351.51,"end":5352.31},{"text":"notes,","start":5352.31,"end":5352.87},{"text":"the","start":5352.87,"end":5353.07},{"text":"speed","start":5353.07,"end":5353.51},{"text":"of","start":5353.51,"end":5353.67},{"text":"the","start":5353.67,"end":5353.79},{"text":"delivery","start":5353.79,"end":5354.31},{"text":"may","start":5354.31,"end":5354.71},{"text":"not","start":5354.71,"end":5355.03},{"text":"allow","start":5355.03,"end":5355.51},{"text":"a","start":5355.51,"end":5355.55},{"text":"complete","start":5355.55,"end":5356.47},{"text":"interpretation.","start":5356.47,"end":5357.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IHL-YI","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"IHL-YI"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":5359.99,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:29:20","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"And this is what I warned everybody 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many of these factors pertaining to new technologies will shape our thinking going forward.","start":5409.31,"end":5417.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5409.31,"end":5409.55},{"text":"many","start":5409.55,"end":5409.79},{"text":"of","start":5409.79,"end":5409.87},{"text":"these","start":5409.87,"end":5410.35},{"text":"factors","start":5410.43,"end":5411.15},{"text":"pertaining","start":5412.19,"end":5412.59},{"text":"to","start":5412.59,"end":5412.71},{"text":"new","start":5412.71,"end":5412.83},{"text":"technologies","start":5412.83,"end":5413.47},{"text":"will","start":5413.47,"end":5413.87},{"text":"shape","start":5414.75,"end":5415.11},{"text":"our","start":5415.11,"end":5415.31},{"text":"thinking","start":5415.31,"end":5415.87},{"text":"going","start":5416.43,"end":5416.67},{"text":"forward.","start":5416.67,"end":5417.15}]},{"text":"There are many known unknowns and there are many unknown 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also appreciate the additional suggestions that you provided in box one in an effort to move our discussions forward.","start":5433.63,"end":5441.47,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5577.75,"end":5577.95},{"text":"understand","start":5577.95,"end":5578.55},{"text":"that","start":5578.55,"end":5578.75},{"text":"the","start":5578.75,"end":5578.87},{"text":"current","start":5578.87,"end":5579.19},{"text":"formulation","start":5579.19,"end":5579.71},{"text":"attempts","start":5579.71,"end":5580.11},{"text":"to","start":5580.11,"end":5580.19},{"text":"draw","start":5580.19,"end":5580.39},{"text":"two","start":5580.39,"end":5580.71},{"text":"lines.","start":5580.71,"end":5581.51}]},{"text":"First is identifying systems that are covered by the characterization.","start":5582.39,"end":5585.51,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5586.23,"end":5586.43},{"text":"second,","start":5586.43,"end":5586.87},{"text":"identifying","start":5586.87,"end":5587.43},{"text":"systems","start":5587.43,"end":5587.79},{"text":"that","start":5587.79,"end":5587.99},{"text":"are","start":5587.99,"end":5588.07},{"text":"excluded","start":5588.07,"end":5588.59},{"text":"from","start":5588.59,"end":5588.79},{"text":"it.","start":5588.79,"end":5588.95}]},{"text":"In our view, this task can effectively be accomplished by drawing just one single conceptual line.","start":5589.51,"end":5594.63,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5589.51,"end":5589.67},{"text":"our","start":5589.67,"end":5589.83},{"text":"view,","start":5589.83,"end":5590.15},{"text":"this","start":5590.15,"end":5590.31},{"text":"task","start":5590.31,"end":5590.67},{"text":"can","start":5590.67,"end":5590.83},{"text":"effectively","start":5590.83,"end":5591.35},{"text":"be","start":5591.67,"end":5591.79},{"text":"accomplished","start":5591.79,"end":5592.27},{"text":"by","start":5592.27,"end":5592.39},{"text":"drawing","start":5592.39,"end":5592.87},{"text":"just","start":5592.95,"end":5593.19},{"text":"one","start":5593.19,"end":5593.43},{"text":"single","start":5593.43,"end":5593.75},{"text":"conceptual","start":5593.75,"end":5594.27},{"text":"line.","start":5594.27,"end":5594.63}]},{"text":"The same line that determines which systems are excluded also clarifies which systems fall within the characterization.","start":5595.35,"end":5601.35,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5595.35,"end":5595.47},{"text":"same","start":5595.47,"end":5595.75},{"text":"line","start":5595.75,"end":5595.99},{"text":"that","start":5595.99,"end":5596.15},{"text":"determines","start":5596.15,"end":5596.63},{"text":"which","start":5596.63,"end":5596.83},{"text":"systems","start":5596.83,"end":5597.27},{"text":"are","start":5597.27,"end":5597.39},{"text":"excluded","start":5597.39,"end":5597.87},{"text":"also","start":5597.87,"end":5598.15},{"text":"clarifies","start":5598.15,"end":5598.79},{"text":"which","start":5598.79,"end":5598.99},{"text":"systems","start":5598.99,"end":5599.59},{"text":"fall","start":5599.91,"end":5600.23},{"text":"within","start":5600.23,"end":5600.47},{"text":"the","start":5600.47,"end":5600.55},{"text":"characterization.","start":5600.55,"end":5601.35}]},{"text":"For this reason, we would have preferred relying primarily on the second sentence, which is given in paragraph 1A, to describe which systems are excluded.","start":5602.19,"end":5609.47,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. 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is, of course, less of a characterization, but more kind of a policy statement, I would say.","start":5790.27,"end":5796.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5790.27,"end":5790.47},{"text":"is,","start":5790.47,"end":5790.59},{"text":"of","start":5790.59,"end":5790.75},{"text":"course,","start":5790.75,"end":5791.23},{"text":"less","start":5791.55,"end":5791.95},{"text":"of","start":5792.03,"end":5792.19},{"text":"a","start":5792.19,"end":5792.27},{"text":"characterization,","start":5792.51,"end":5793.59},{"text":"but","start":5793.59,"end":5793.79},{"text":"more","start":5793.79,"end":5794.11},{"text":"kind","start":5794.11,"end":5794.43},{"text":"of","start":5794.43,"end":5794.59},{"text":"a","start":5794.91,"end":5794.99},{"text":"policy","start":5794.99,"end":5795.39},{"text":"statement,","start":5795.39,"end":5795.87},{"text":"I","start":5795.87,"end":5795.91},{"text":"would","start":5795.91,"end":5796.07},{"text":"say.","start":5796.07,"end":5796.35}]},{"text":"But we will certainly dwell upon that.","start":5796.35,"end":5799.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5796.35,"end":5796.67},{"text":"we","start":5796.75,"end":5796.91},{"text":"will","start":5796.91,"end":5797.23},{"text":"certainly","start":5797.87,"end":5798.43},{"text":"dwell","start":5798.91,"end":5799.35},{"text":"upon","start":5799.35,"end":5799.55},{"text":"that.","start":5799.55,"end":5799.87}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Turkey to be followed by 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the time being, I'll limit my remarks to reacting to what we heard this morning.","start":5823.59,"end":5827.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5823.59,"end":5823.83},{"text":"the","start":5823.83,"end":5823.91},{"text":"time","start":5823.91,"end":5824.23},{"text":"being,","start":5824.23,"end":5824.63},{"text":"I'll","start":5824.63,"end":5824.83},{"text":"limit","start":5824.83,"end":5825.07},{"text":"my","start":5825.07,"end":5825.19},{"text":"remarks","start":5825.19,"end":5825.75},{"text":"to","start":5825.75,"end":5825.87},{"text":"reacting","start":5825.87,"end":5826.47},{"text":"to","start":5826.47,"end":5826.59},{"text":"what","start":5826.59,"end":5826.79},{"text":"we","start":5826.79,"end":5826.95},{"text":"heard","start":5826.95,"end":5827.27},{"text":"this","start":5827.27,"end":5827.43},{"text":"morning.","start":5827.43,"end":5827.83}]},{"text":"I'll focus on 1A and not repeat our views on other paragraphs, which are well known to you and your 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we agree with you, Chair, that paragraph 1 needs to be treated as a package.","start":5963.59,"end":5968.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5963.59,"end":5964.15},{"text":"we","start":5964.15,"end":5964.35},{"text":"agree","start":5964.35,"end":5964.55},{"text":"with","start":5964.55,"end":5964.79},{"text":"you,","start":5964.79,"end":5964.87},{"text":"Chair,","start":5964.87,"end":5965.43},{"text":"that","start":5965.43,"end":5965.67},{"text":"paragraph","start":5965.67,"end":5966.15},{"text":"1","start":5966.15,"end":5966.75},{"text":"needs","start":5966.75,"end":5966.91},{"text":"to","start":5966.91,"end":5966.99},{"text":"be","start":5966.99,"end":5967.11},{"text":"treated","start":5967.11,"end":5967.43},{"text":"as","start":5967.43,"end":5967.63},{"text":"a","start":5967.63,"end":5967.67},{"text":"package.","start":5967.67,"end":5968.39}]},{"text":"We are not in favor of deleting the second sentence if the first sentence is going to remain in the next iteration 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IHL.","start":6209.51,"end":6216.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"By","start":6209.51,"end":6209.75},{"text":"the","start":6209.75,"end":6209.83},{"text":"time","start":6209.83,"end":6210.23},{"text":"the","start":6210.23,"end":6210.35},{"text":"strike","start":6210.35,"end":6210.75},{"text":"occurs,","start":6210.75,"end":6211.27},{"text":"the","start":6211.51,"end":6211.71},{"text":"lack","start":6211.71,"end":6211.99},{"text":"of","start":6211.99,"end":6212.15},{"text":"real-time","start":6212.15,"end":6212.71},{"text":"human","start":6212.79,"end":6213.19},{"text":"oversight","start":6213.19,"end":6213.91},{"text":"risks","start":6214.31,"end":6214.79},{"text":"violating","start":6214.95,"end":6215.59},{"text":"IHL.","start":6215.83,"end":6216.47}]},{"text":"particularly if the target status or the presence of civilians had 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can therefore be supportive of the Chair's proposal for this term in the spirit of constructive 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to the inclusion of the factor of lethality in paragraph 1 of this box.","start":6652.95,"end":6659.27,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the scope."}],"words":[{"text":"related","start":6652.95,"end":6653.35},{"text":"to","start":6653.51,"end":6653.67},{"text":"the","start":6653.67,"end":6653.79},{"text":"inclusion","start":6653.79,"end":6654.23},{"text":"of","start":6654.23,"end":6654.31},{"text":"the","start":6654.31,"end":6654.43},{"text":"factor","start":6654.43,"end":6654.91},{"text":"of","start":6654.91,"end":6655.03},{"text":"lethality","start":6655.03,"end":6655.83},{"text":"in","start":6655.83,"end":6656.23},{"text":"paragraph","start":6656.39,"end":6657.03},{"text":"1","start":6657.03,"end":6657.51},{"text":"of","start":6658.59,"end":6658.71},{"text":"this","start":6658.71,"end":6658.87},{"text":"box.","start":6658.87,"end":6659.27}]},{"text":"We heard and we understand the logic and the arguments that were presented by the delegation of the United Kingdom.","start":6664.23,"end":6671.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6664.23,"end":6665.11},{"text":"heard","start":6665.51,"end":6665.95},{"text":"and","start":6665.95,"end":6666.15},{"text":"we","start":6666.15,"end":6666.39},{"text":"understand","start":6666.39,"end":6667.19},{"text":"the","start":6667.19,"end":6667.27},{"text":"logic","start":6667.27,"end":6667.75},{"text":"and","start":6667.75,"end":6667.87},{"text":"the","start":6667.87,"end":6668.03},{"text":"arguments","start":6668.03,"end":6668.71},{"text":"that","start":6668.71,"end":6669.03},{"text":"were","start":6669.03,"end":6669.51},{"text":"presented","start":6669.51,"end":6669.99},{"text":"by","start":6669.99,"end":6670.15},{"text":"the","start":6670.15,"end":6670.23},{"text":"delegation","start":6670.23,"end":6670.83},{"text":"of","start":6670.83,"end":6670.91},{"text":"the","start":6670.91,"end":6670.99},{"text":"United","start":6670.99,"end":6671.35},{"text":"Kingdom.","start":6671.35,"end":6671.83}]},{"text":"If we are talking about the original proposal, namely the replacement of the word \"target\" with the word \"manpower\", is something that really narrows down this definition, meaning the direct attack on manpower.","start":6679.31,"end":6701.39,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":6679.31,"end":6679.55},{"text":"we","start":6679.55,"end":6680.03},{"text":"are","start":6680.03,"end":6680.27},{"text":"talking","start":6680.27,"end":6680.91},{"text":"about","start":6680.91,"end":6681.43},{"text":"the","start":6681.43,"end":6681.51},{"text":"original","start":6681.63,"end":6682.19},{"text":"proposal,","start":6682.19,"end":6682.99},{"text":"namely","start":6683.63,"end":6684.03},{"text":"the","start":6684.03,"end":6684.11},{"text":"replacement","start":6684.11,"end":6684.71},{"text":"of","start":6684.71,"end":6684.79},{"text":"the","start":6684.79,"end":6684.91},{"text":"word","start":6684.91,"end":6685.47},{"text":"\"target\"","start":6686.11,"end":6686.67},{"text":"with","start":6686.67,"end":6686.95},{"text":"the","start":6686.95,"end":6687.03},{"text":"word","start":6687.03,"end":6687.31},{"text":"\"manpower\",","start":6687.31,"end":6688.03},{"text":"is","start":6689.07,"end":6689.71},{"text":"something","start":6689.71,"end":6690.35},{"text":"that","start":6690.35,"end":6690.59},{"text":"really","start":6690.59,"end":6691.47},{"text":"narrows","start":6691.87,"end":6692.99},{"text":"down","start":6692.99,"end":6693.39},{"text":"this","start":6693.39,"end":6693.95},{"text":"definition,","start":6694.59,"end":6695.79},{"text":"meaning","start":6696.83,"end":6697.55},{"text":"the","start":6698.03,"end":6698.27},{"text":"direct","start":6698.27,"end":6698.99},{"text":"attack","start":6699.79,"end":6700.35},{"text":"on","start":6700.43,"end":6700.75},{"text":"manpower.","start":6700.75,"end":6701.39}]},{"text":"As we said in our original statement, We're ready to be flexible about this question.","start":6705.31,"end":6710.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6705.31,"end":6705.71},{"text":"we","start":6705.71,"end":6705.95},{"text":"said","start":6705.95,"end":6706.27},{"text":"in","start":6706.27,"end":6706.35},{"text":"our","start":6706.35,"end":6706.63},{"text":"original","start":6706.63,"end":6707.07},{"text":"statement,","start":6707.07,"end":6707.51},{"text":"We're","start":6707.61,"end":6707.81},{"text":"ready","start":6707.81,"end":6708.01},{"text":"to","start":6708.01,"end":6708.13},{"text":"be","start":6708.13,"end":6708.33},{"text":"flexible","start":6708.33,"end":6708.97},{"text":"about","start":6708.97,"end":6709.25},{"text":"this","start":6709.25,"end":6709.45},{"text":"question.","start":6709.45,"end":6710.01}]},{"text":"And perhaps we can use more flexible language that is more nuanced, namely to add at the end of this subparagraph to add language.","start":6710.01,"end":6729.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6710.01,"end":6710.21},{"text":"perhaps","start":6710.21,"end":6710.89},{"text":"we","start":6711.29,"end":6711.61},{"text":"can","start":6711.61,"end":6711.93},{"text":"use","start":6711.93,"end":6712.89},{"text":"more","start":6712.97,"end":6713.37},{"text":"flexible","start":6713.37,"end":6713.89},{"text":"language","start":6713.89,"end":6714.73},{"text":"that","start":6715.05,"end":6715.25},{"text":"is","start":6715.25,"end":6715.37},{"text":"more","start":6715.37,"end":6715.61},{"text":"nuanced,","start":6715.61,"end":6716.33},{"text":"namely","start":6720.25,"end":6721.05},{"text":"to","start":6721.53,"end":6722.01},{"text":"add","start":6722.33,"end":6722.81},{"text":"at","start":6725.13,"end":6725.37},{"text":"the","start":6725.37,"end":6725.61},{"text":"end","start":6725.77,"end":6726.33},{"text":"of","start":6726.33,"end":6726.57},{"text":"this","start":6726.57,"end":6727.13},{"text":"subparagraph","start":6727.53,"end":6728.33},{"text":"to","start":6728.33,"end":6728.45},{"text":"add","start":6728.45,"end":6728.65},{"text":"language.","start":6728.65,"end":6729.13}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"\"Inflict death on person,\" and \"inflict death on a person.\".","start":6729.21,"end":6734.97,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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Thank you, Chair.","start":6898.21,"end":6900.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sorry.","start":6898.21,"end":6898.45},{"text":"Thank","start":6899.41,"end":6899.65},{"text":"you,","start":6899.65,"end":6899.73},{"text":"Chair.","start":6899.73,"end":6900.05}]},{"text":"And thank you very much for the revised proposals and all the late hours that you've no doubt put into working this out during the week, and for your solutions that we think can help to bridge our gaps here.","start":6900.57,"end":6914.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6900.57,"end":6900.97},{"text":"thank","start":6900.97,"end":6901.13},{"text":"you","start":6901.13,"end":6901.21},{"text":"very","start":6901.21,"end":6901.37},{"text":"much","start":6901.37,"end":6901.57},{"text":"for","start":6901.57,"end":6901.69},{"text":"the","start":6901.69,"end":6901.77},{"text":"revised","start":6901.77,"end":6902.41},{"text":"proposals","start":6902.49,"end":6903.29},{"text":"and","start":6903.29,"end":6903.85},{"text":"all","start":6904.09,"end":6904.25},{"text":"the","start":6904.25,"end":6904.37},{"text":"late","start":6904.37,"end":6904.65},{"text":"hours","start":6904.65,"end":6904.97},{"text":"that","start":6904.97,"end":6905.13},{"text":"you've","start":6905.13,"end":6905.29},{"text":"no","start":6905.29,"end":6905.45},{"text":"doubt","start":6905.45,"end":6905.93},{"text":"put","start":6907.13,"end":6907.29},{"text":"into","start":6907.29,"end":6907.61},{"text":"working","start":6907.69,"end":6908.13},{"text":"this","start":6908.13,"end":6908.33},{"text":"out","start":6908.33,"end":6908.57},{"text":"during","start":6909.77,"end":6910.05},{"text":"the","start":6910.05,"end":6910.13},{"text":"week,","start":6910.13,"end":6910.49},{"text":"and","start":6911.21,"end":6911.45},{"text":"for","start":6911.45,"end":6911.57},{"text":"your","start":6911.57,"end":6911.69},{"text":"solutions","start":6911.69,"end":6912.25},{"text":"that","start":6912.25,"end":6912.49},{"text":"we","start":6912.49,"end":6912.65},{"text":"think","start":6912.65,"end":6913.05},{"text":"can","start":6913.05,"end":6913.37},{"text":"help","start":6913.37,"end":6913.61},{"text":"to","start":6913.61,"end":6913.89},{"text":"bridge","start":6913.89,"end":6914.17},{"text":"our","start":6914.17,"end":6914.25},{"text":"gaps","start":6914.25,"end":6914.65},{"text":"here.","start":6914.65,"end":6914.81}]},{"text":"And I'm very happy that Pakistan spoke early because I could largely say what he said, both in terms of the framing of what purpose we believe this characterization serves and which purpose it does not serve.","start":6914.81,"end":6928.25,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6977.65,"end":6977.85},{"text":"other","start":6977.85,"end":6978.01},{"text":"words,","start":6978.01,"end":6978.37},{"text":"the","start":6978.37,"end":6978.69},{"text":"system","start":6978.69,"end":6979.09},{"text":"can","start":6979.09,"end":6979.33},{"text":"use","start":6979.33,"end":6979.69},{"text":"sensory","start":6979.69,"end":6980.13},{"text":"and","start":6980.13,"end":6980.29},{"text":"other","start":6980.29,"end":6980.53},{"text":"functions","start":6980.53,"end":6981.17},{"text":"to","start":6981.57,"end":6981.73},{"text":"match","start":6981.73,"end":6982.09},{"text":"an","start":6982.09,"end":6982.21},{"text":"object","start":6982.21,"end":6982.57},{"text":"that","start":6982.57,"end":6982.69},{"text":"it","start":6982.69,"end":6982.85},{"text":"finds","start":6982.85,"end":6983.21},{"text":"in","start":6983.21,"end":6983.29},{"text":"the","start":6983.29,"end":6983.37},{"text":"world","start":6983.37,"end":6983.73},{"text":"against","start":6984.29,"end":6984.77},{"text":"either","start":6984.77,"end":6985.05},{"text":"a","start":6985.05,"end":6985.09},{"text":"preset","start":6985.09,"end":6985.65},{"text":"single","start":6985.65,"end":6986.21},{"text":"uniquely","start":6986.45,"end":6987.01},{"text":"identified","start":6987.01,"end":6987.57},{"text":"target","start":6987.57,"end":6988.13},{"text":"or","start":6988.69,"end":6988.89},{"text":"a","start":6988.89,"end":6988.93},{"text":"list","start":6988.93,"end":6989.25},{"text":"of","start":6989.25,"end":6989.49},{"text":"several","start":6989.49,"end":6989.93},{"text":"such","start":6989.93,"end":6990.13},{"text":"targets,","start":6990.13,"end":6990.85},{"text":"or","start":6990.93,"end":6991.25},{"text":"more","start":6991.25,"end":6991.49},{"text":"broadly.","start":6991.49,"end":6991.77}]},{"text":"Once those targets have been identified, the system can make a determination of whether and when or which target it engages, so that the operator does not know for sure, once one or several targets have been identified, whether the system will decide to engage, when, or not to engage.","start":6993.17,"end":7013.17,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Once","start":6993.17,"end":6993.49},{"text":"those","start":6993.49,"end":6993.73},{"text":"targets","start":6993.73,"end":6994.13},{"text":"have","start":6994.13,"end":6994.25},{"text":"been","start":6994.25,"end":6994.45},{"text":"identified,","start":6994.45,"end":6995.25},{"text":"the","start":6995.41,"end":6995.57},{"text":"system","start":6995.57,"end":6995.97},{"text":"can","start":6995.97,"end":6996.45},{"text":"make","start":6996.45,"end":6996.77},{"text":"a","start":6996.85,"end":6996.89},{"text":"determination","start":6996.89,"end":6997.73},{"text":"of","start":6997.77,"end":6997.85},{"text":"whether","start":6997.85,"end":6998.37},{"text":"and","start":6998.97,"end":6999.13},{"text":"when","start":6999.13,"end":6999.57},{"text":"or","start":6999.65,"end":6999.81},{"text":"which","start":6999.81,"end":7000.29},{"text":"target","start":7000.29,"end":7000.85},{"text":"it","start":7001.01,"end":7001.33},{"text":"engages,","start":7001.33,"end":7001.89},{"text":"so","start":7002.37,"end":7002.53},{"text":"that","start":7002.53,"end":7002.69},{"text":"the","start":7002.69,"end":7002.81},{"text":"operator","start":7002.81,"end":7003.33},{"text":"does","start":7003.33,"end":7003.49},{"text":"not","start":7003.49,"end":7003.65},{"text":"know","start":7003.65,"end":7003.81},{"text":"for","start":7003.81,"end":7003.97},{"text":"sure,","start":7003.97,"end":7004.37},{"text":"once","start":7004.37,"end":7005.01},{"text":"one","start":7005.17,"end":7005.45},{"text":"or","start":7005.45,"end":7005.57},{"text":"several","start":7005.57,"end":7005.89},{"text":"targets","start":7005.89,"end":7006.25},{"text":"have","start":7006.25,"end":7006.37},{"text":"been","start":7006.37,"end":7006.53},{"text":"identified,","start":7006.53,"end":7007.33},{"text":"whether","start":7007.37,"end":7007.73},{"text":"the","start":7007.73,"end":7007.85},{"text":"system","start":7007.85,"end":7008.29},{"text":"will","start":7008.61,"end":7008.89},{"text":"decide","start":7008.89,"end":7009.49},{"text":"to","start":7009.49,"end":7009.61},{"text":"engage,","start":7009.61,"end":7010.13},{"text":"when,","start":7011.41,"end":7011.81},{"text":"or","start":7012.21,"end":7012.53},{"text":"not","start":7012.53,"end":7012.69},{"text":"to","start":7012.69,"end":7012.77},{"text":"engage.","start":7012.77,"end":7013.17}]},{"text":"The second sentence, on the other hand, we believe seeks to exclude the systems that merely use sensory functions and other functions to match an object against one or more uniquely identified targets and then engage those without any kind of prioritisation between the targets or any kind of process to determine whether to engage them or not once they have been identified.","start":7014.65,"end":7036.41,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":7042.17,"end":7042.29},{"text":"could","start":7042.29,"end":7042.53},{"text":"be","start":7042.53,"end":7042.77},{"text":"concerning","start":7042.77,"end":7043.21},{"text":"systems","start":7043.21,"end":7043.65},{"text":"in","start":7043.65,"end":7044.05},{"text":"that","start":7044.05,"end":7044.45},{"text":"class","start":7044.65,"end":7045.01},{"text":"in","start":7045.01,"end":7045.17},{"text":"the","start":7045.17,"end":7045.25},{"text":"second","start":7045.25,"end":7045.65},{"text":"sentence","start":7045.65,"end":7046.09},{"text":"as","start":7046.09,"end":7046.21},{"text":"well,","start":7046.21,"end":7046.37},{"text":"but","start":7046.37,"end":7046.53},{"text":"we","start":7046.53,"end":7046.65},{"text":"accept","start":7046.65,"end":7046.93},{"text":"that","start":7046.93,"end":7047.05},{"text":"the","start":7047.05,"end":7047.13},{"text":"line","start":7047.13,"end":7047.49},{"text":"has","start":7047.49,"end":7047.65},{"text":"to","start":7047.65,"end":7047.77},{"text":"be","start":7047.77,"end":7047.85},{"text":"drawn","start":7047.85,"end":7048.13},{"text":"somewhere","start":7048.13,"end":7048.57},{"text":"and","start":7048.57,"end":7048.69},{"text":"we","start":7048.69,"end":7048.77},{"text":"need","start":7048.77,"end":7048.97},{"text":"to","start":7048.97,"end":7049.09},{"text":"find","start":7049.09,"end":7049.37},{"text":"some","start":7049.37,"end":7049.57},{"text":"point","start":7050.85,"end":7051.05},{"text":"of","start":7051.05,"end":7051.13},{"text":"convergence.","start":7051.13,"end":7052.61}]},{"text":"So, again, to make this clear, we agree that the first sentence should read \"determines the set or characteristics of potential targets\".","start":7053.25,"end":7060.93,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":7053.25,"end":7053.65},{"text":"again,","start":7053.93,"end":7054.21},{"text":"to","start":7054.21,"end":7054.29},{"text":"make","start":7054.29,"end":7054.49},{"text":"this","start":7054.49,"end":7054.69},{"text":"clear,","start":7054.69,"end":7054.93},{"text":"we","start":7054.93,"end":7055.17},{"text":"agree","start":7055.17,"end":7055.57},{"text":"that","start":7055.57,"end":7055.69},{"text":"the","start":7055.69,"end":7055.77},{"text":"first","start":7055.77,"end":7055.97},{"text":"sentence","start":7055.97,"end":7056.37},{"text":"should","start":7056.37,"end":7056.53},{"text":"read","start":7056.53,"end":7057.01},{"text":"\"determines","start":7057.01,"end":7057.53},{"text":"the","start":7057.53,"end":7057.61},{"text":"set","start":7057.61,"end":7058.05},{"text":"or","start":7058.45,"end":7058.69},{"text":"characteristics","start":7058.69,"end":7059.57},{"text":"of","start":7059.69,"end":7059.81},{"text":"potential","start":7059.81,"end":7060.37},{"text":"targets\".","start":7060.37,"end":7060.93}]},{"text":"And also, we agree with the ICRC and others that in the second sentence, the word \"choose\" should be replaced with \"select\".","start":7061.77,"end":7067.57,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations evolve."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7070.01,"end":7070.09},{"text":"would","start":7070.09,"end":7070.29},{"text":"also","start":7070.29,"end":7070.49},{"text":"like","start":7070.49,"end":7070.69},{"text":"to","start":7070.69,"end":7070.77},{"text":"register","start":7070.77,"end":7071.29},{"text":"our","start":7071.29,"end":7071.37},{"text":"support","start":7071.37,"end":7071.77},{"text":"for","start":7071.77,"end":7071.93},{"text":"the","start":7071.93,"end":7072.01},{"text":"inclusion","start":7072.01,"end":7072.53},{"text":"of","start":7072.53,"end":7072.65},{"text":"the","start":7072.65,"end":7072.73},{"text":"words","start":7072.73,"end":7073.37},{"text":"\"or","start":7075.05,"end":7075.29},{"text":"inclusion\"","start":7075.29,"end":7075.85},{"text":"in","start":7076.41,"end":7076.81},{"text":"paragraph","start":7077.05,"end":7077.53},{"text":"1.","start":7077.53,"end":7077.77}]},{"text":"That is, of course, just a working characterisation, so we are sure to revisit it, but it is good to remind ourselves in paragraph 1 that it could prove necessary to make modifications in both directions, not just more exclusions.","start":7077.77,"end":7092.57,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. 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This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the scope."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7109.25,"end":7109.29},{"text":"gun","start":7109.29,"end":7109.73},{"text":"is","start":7109.73,"end":7109.85},{"text":"a","start":7109.85,"end":7109.89},{"text":"lethal","start":7109.89,"end":7110.25},{"text":"weapon.","start":7110.25,"end":7110.77}]},{"text":"It sometimes is used to kill, but it's ordinarily used to do many other things that do not result in death as well, but it's definitely a lethal weapon.","start":7110.85,"end":7117.81,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the 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delegations.","start":7121.17,"end":7128.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7121.17,"end":7121.33},{"text":"thank","start":7121.33,"end":7121.57},{"text":"the","start":7121.57,"end":7121.65},{"text":"distinguished","start":7121.65,"end":7122.21},{"text":"representative","start":7122.21,"end":7122.93},{"text":"of","start":7122.93,"end":7123.01},{"text":"Norway","start":7123.01,"end":7123.49},{"text":"for","start":7123.49,"end":7123.81},{"text":"commenting","start":7123.97,"end":7124.61},{"text":"on","start":7124.65,"end":7124.77},{"text":"the","start":7124.77,"end":7124.85},{"text":"text","start":7124.85,"end":7125.25},{"text":"and","start":7125.25,"end":7125.61},{"text":"previous","start":7125.61,"end":7126.29},{"text":"interventions","start":7126.69,"end":7127.57},{"text":"from","start":7127.57,"end":7127.81},{"text":"delegations.","start":7127.81,"end":7128.69}]},{"text":"Next on my list is China, to be followed by Italy.","start":7129.01,"end":7132.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":7129.01,"end":7129.45},{"text":"on","start":7129.45,"end":7129.53},{"text":"my","start":7129.53,"end":7129.69},{"text":"list","start":7129.69,"end":7130.05},{"text":"is","start":7130.05,"end":7130.21},{"text":"China,","start":7130.21,"end":7130.69},{"text":"to","start":7130.77,"end":7130.93},{"text":"be","start":7130.93,"end":7131.17},{"text":"followed","start":7131.17,"end":7131.65},{"text":"by","start":7131.65,"end":7131.89},{"text":"Italy.","start":7131.89,"end":7132.37}]},{"text":"But now, first, the distinguished representative of China, you have the floor.","start":7132.37,"end":7136.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":7132.37,"end":7132.77},{"text":"now,","start":7132.77,"end":7133.01},{"text":"first,","start":7133.01,"end":7133.29},{"text":"the","start":7133.29,"end":7133.37},{"text":"distinguished","start":7133.41,"end":7133.89},{"text":"representative","start":7133.89,"end":7134.61},{"text":"of","start":7134.61,"end":7134.77},{"text":"China,","start":7134.77,"end":7135.25},{"text":"you","start":7135.25,"end":7135.41},{"text":"have","start":7135.53,"end":7135.73},{"text":"the","start":7135.85,"end":7135.93},{"text":"floor.","start":7135.93,"end":7136.09}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":50,"start":7137.65,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=1:58:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":7137.65,"end":7139.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7137.65,"end":7137.97},{"text":"you,","start":7137.97,"end":7138.13},{"text":"Chair.","start":7138.69,"end":7139.17}]},{"text":"China would like to thank you and your team for helping to bridge the gaps among different delegations.","start":7140.45,"end":7147.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"China","start":7140.45,"end":7140.69},{"text":"would","start":7140.69,"end":7140.81},{"text":"like","start":7140.81,"end":7140.93},{"text":"to","start":7140.93,"end":7141.33},{"text":"thank","start":7141.41,"end":7141.73},{"text":"you","start":7141.73,"end":7141.97},{"text":"and","start":7142.05,"end":7142.29},{"text":"your","start":7142.29,"end":7142.45},{"text":"team","start":7142.45,"end":7142.85},{"text":"for","start":7143.33,"end":7143.57},{"text":"helping","start":7143.57,"end":7143.97},{"text":"to","start":7143.97,"end":7144.13},{"text":"bridge","start":7144.13,"end":7144.53},{"text":"the","start":7144.77,"end":7144.93},{"text":"gaps","start":7144.93,"end":7145.33},{"text":"among","start":7145.33,"end":7145.65},{"text":"different","start":7145.65,"end":7146.17},{"text":"delegations.","start":7146.17,"end":7147.01}]},{"text":"Regarding box 1, In our view, the current text, in particular, the two sentences in paragraph 1a are very helpful.","start":7148.29,"end":7161.65,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":7148.29,"end":7149.09},{"text":"box","start":7149.73,"end":7150.05},{"text":"1,","start":7150.05,"end":7150.53},{"text":"In","start":7152.37,"end":7152.53},{"text":"our","start":7152.53,"end":7152.69},{"text":"view,","start":7152.69,"end":7153.01},{"text":"the","start":7153.01,"end":7153.17},{"text":"current","start":7153.17,"end":7153.61},{"text":"text,","start":7153.61,"end":7154.13},{"text":"in","start":7155.25,"end":7155.33},{"text":"particular,","start":7155.33,"end":7156.05},{"text":"the","start":7156.21,"end":7156.37},{"text":"two","start":7156.37,"end":7156.85},{"text":"sentences","start":7157.09,"end":7157.81},{"text":"in","start":7157.89,"end":7158.21},{"text":"paragraph","start":7158.45,"end":7158.85},{"text":"1a","start":7158.85,"end":7159.57},{"text":"are","start":7160.53,"end":7160.77},{"text":"very","start":7160.77,"end":7161.09},{"text":"helpful.","start":7161.09,"end":7161.65}]},{"text":"In general, we can accept the formulation of the first sentence of 1a, but the precondition is that we need to retain the second sentence of 1a.","start":7163.17,"end":7176.45,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7163.17,"end":7163.33},{"text":"general,","start":7163.33,"end":7163.97},{"text":"we","start":7165.01,"end":7165.33},{"text":"can","start":7165.33,"end":7165.73},{"text":"accept","start":7165.81,"end":7166.37},{"text":"the","start":7166.37,"end":7166.49},{"text":"formulation","start":7167.01,"end":7167.81},{"text":"of","start":7167.85,"end":7167.97},{"text":"the","start":7167.97,"end":7168.05},{"text":"first","start":7168.05,"end":7168.37},{"text":"sentence","start":7168.37,"end":7169.01},{"text":"of","start":7169.05,"end":7169.17},{"text":"1a,","start":7169.17,"end":7169.81},{"text":"but","start":7171.01,"end":7171.13},{"text":"the","start":7171.13,"end":7171.25},{"text":"precondition","start":7171.25,"end":7172.13},{"text":"is","start":7172.37,"end":7172.53},{"text":"that","start":7172.53,"end":7172.93},{"text":"we","start":7173.01,"end":7173.21},{"text":"need","start":7173.21,"end":7173.41},{"text":"to","start":7173.41,"end":7173.65},{"text":"retain","start":7173.73,"end":7174.45},{"text":"the","start":7174.45,"end":7174.61},{"text":"second","start":7174.61,"end":7174.93},{"text":"sentence","start":7174.93,"end":7175.57},{"text":"of","start":7175.69,"end":7175.89},{"text":"1a.","start":7175.89,"end":7176.45}]},{"text":"Furthermore, in our view, In the current text, this expression, specific target, this expression is sufficient for our discussion here of the characteristics of laws, and it's not necessary to add the word each.","start":7178.85,"end":7198.85,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":7178.85,"end":7179.49},{"text":"in","start":7179.73,"end":7179.89},{"text":"our","start":7179.89,"end":7180.05},{"text":"view,","start":7180.05,"end":7180.45},{"text":"In","start":7182.05,"end":7182.25},{"text":"the","start":7182.25,"end":7182.33},{"text":"current","start":7182.33,"end":7182.81},{"text":"text,","start":7182.81,"end":7183.33},{"text":"this","start":7185.01,"end":7185.33},{"text":"expression,","start":7185.33,"end":7186.21},{"text":"specific","start":7186.21,"end":7186.85},{"text":"target,","start":7186.85,"end":7187.57},{"text":"this","start":7188.93,"end":7189.25},{"text":"expression","start":7189.25,"end":7190.05},{"text":"is","start":7190.05,"end":7190.29},{"text":"sufficient","start":7190.29,"end":7191.09},{"text":"for","start":7191.09,"end":7191.41},{"text":"our","start":7191.41,"end":7191.57},{"text":"discussion","start":7191.57,"end":7192.21},{"text":"here","start":7192.21,"end":7192.57},{"text":"of","start":7192.57,"end":7192.69},{"text":"the","start":7192.69,"end":7192.85},{"text":"characteristics","start":7192.85,"end":7193.89},{"text":"of","start":7193.93,"end":7194.13},{"text":"laws,","start":7194.13,"end":7194.61},{"text":"and","start":7195.73,"end":7195.97},{"text":"it's","start":7195.97,"end":7196.21},{"text":"not","start":7196.21,"end":7196.53},{"text":"necessary","start":7196.53,"end":7197.17},{"text":"to","start":7197.17,"end":7197.41},{"text":"add","start":7197.41,"end":7197.73},{"text":"the","start":7197.73,"end":7197.81},{"text":"word","start":7197.81,"end":7198.21},{"text":"each.","start":7198.29,"end":7198.85}]},{"text":"Second, regarding the question of lethality, we have mentioned on multiple occasions that it's necessary to reflect the characteristics of lethality in the text.","start":7200.21,"end":7215.89,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the 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the current paragraph 1B is not comprehensive.","start":7217.57,"end":7221.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7217.57,"end":7218.21},{"text":"the","start":7218.21,"end":7218.41},{"text":"current","start":7218.53,"end":7219.17},{"text":"paragraph","start":7219.17,"end":7219.65},{"text":"1B","start":7219.65,"end":7220.21},{"text":"is","start":7220.21,"end":7220.37},{"text":"not","start":7220.37,"end":7220.65},{"text":"comprehensive.","start":7220.65,"end":7221.49}]},{"text":"We believe the suggestion from the Russian delegation merits serious consideration.","start":7223.49,"end":7230.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7223.49,"end":7223.73},{"text":"believe","start":7223.73,"end":7224.13},{"text":"the","start":7224.13,"end":7224.25},{"text":"suggestion","start":7224.25,"end":7224.93},{"text":"from","start":7224.93,"end":7225.25},{"text":"the","start":7225.25,"end":7225.37},{"text":"Russian","start":7225.37,"end":7225.73},{"text":"delegation","start":7225.73,"end":7226.53},{"text":"merits","start":7227.17,"end":7227.97},{"text":"serious","start":7228.13,"end":7228.61},{"text":"consideration.","start":7229.25,"end":7230.13}]},{"text":"Also, we agree what has been said by the delegate from Singapore.","start":7232.13,"end":7237.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":7232.13,"end":7232.69},{"text":"we","start":7233.17,"end":7233.65},{"text":"agree","start":7233.65,"end":7234.13},{"text":"what","start":7234.13,"end":7234.33},{"text":"has","start":7234.33,"end":7234.45},{"text":"been","start":7234.45,"end":7234.77},{"text":"said","start":7234.77,"end":7235.17},{"text":"by","start":7235.17,"end":7235.57},{"text":"the","start":7235.57,"end":7235.81},{"text":"delegate","start":7235.89,"end":7236.45},{"text":"from","start":7236.45,"end":7236.77},{"text":"Singapore.","start":7236.77,"end":7237.41}]},{"text":"Under the framework of CCW, the discussions should be based on consensus, and each country's opinion and position should be taken seriously, and we should not make a distinction between the majority view or the minority view.","start":7239.09,"end":7257.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":7239.09,"end":7239.45},{"text":"the","start":7239.45,"end":7239.61},{"text":"framework","start":7239.61,"end":7240.13},{"text":"of","start":7240.13,"end":7240.33},{"text":"CCW,","start":7240.33,"end":7241.13},{"text":"the","start":7242.09,"end":7242.21},{"text":"discussions","start":7242.21,"end":7243.05},{"text":"should","start":7243.13,"end":7243.37},{"text":"be","start":7243.37,"end":7243.53},{"text":"based","start":7243.53,"end":7243.85},{"text":"on","start":7243.85,"end":7244.01},{"text":"consensus,","start":7244.01,"end":7244.89},{"text":"and","start":7246.01,"end":7246.33},{"text":"each","start":7246.41,"end":7246.81},{"text":"country's","start":7246.89,"end":7247.61},{"text":"opinion","start":7248.41,"end":7249.13},{"text":"and","start":7249.13,"end":7249.45},{"text":"position","start":7249.45,"end":7249.93},{"text":"should","start":7249.93,"end":7250.25},{"text":"be","start":7250.25,"end":7250.41},{"text":"taken","start":7250.41,"end":7250.81},{"text":"seriously,","start":7250.81,"end":7251.53},{"text":"and","start":7253.53,"end":7253.85},{"text":"we","start":7253.85,"end":7253.93},{"text":"should","start":7253.93,"end":7254.09},{"text":"not","start":7254.09,"end":7254.33},{"text":"make","start":7254.33,"end":7254.57},{"text":"a","start":7254.57,"end":7254.61},{"text":"distinction","start":7254.61,"end":7255.25},{"text":"between","start":7255.25,"end":7255.65},{"text":"the","start":7255.65,"end":7255.77},{"text":"majority","start":7255.77,"end":7256.33},{"text":"view","start":7256.33,"end":7256.57},{"text":"or","start":7256.57,"end":7256.81},{"text":"the","start":7256.81,"end":7256.89},{"text":"minority","start":7256.89,"end":7257.49},{"text":"view.","start":7257.49,"end":7257.85}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7258.57,"end":7259.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7258.57,"end":7258.77},{"text":"you,","start":7258.77,"end":7258.85},{"text":"Mr.","start":7258.85,"end":7259.13},{"text":"Chair.","start":7259.13,"end":7259.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"China"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":7261.33,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=2:01:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of China for stating the positions of her delegation and reflecting on earlier remarks.","start":7261.33,"end":7269.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7261.33,"end":7261.34},{"text":"thank","start":7261.33,"end":7261.65},{"text":"the","start":7261.65,"end":7261.73},{"text":"distinguished","start":7261.73,"end":7262.29},{"text":"representative","start":7262.29,"end":7263.01},{"text":"of","start":7263.37,"end":7263.49},{"text":"China","start":7263.49,"end":7263.97},{"text":"for","start":7263.97,"end":7264.21},{"text":"stating","start":7264.21,"end":7264.61},{"text":"the","start":7264.61,"end":7264.69},{"text":"positions","start":7264.69,"end":7265.41},{"text":"of","start":7265.41,"end":7265.65},{"text":"her","start":7265.65,"end":7265.89},{"text":"delegation","start":7265.89,"end":7266.77},{"text":"and","start":7266.77,"end":7267.01},{"text":"reflecting","start":7267.01,"end":7267.61},{"text":"on","start":7267.61,"end":7267.97},{"text":"earlier","start":7268.01,"end":7268.49},{"text":"remarks.","start":7268.49,"end":7269.09}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Italy, to be followed by Israel.","start":7269.97,"end":7273.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":7269.97,"end":7270.65},{"text":"on","start":7270.65,"end":7270.73},{"text":"my","start":7270.73,"end":7271.01},{"text":"list","start":7271.01,"end":7271.41},{"text":"is","start":7271.41,"end":7271.73},{"text":"Italy,","start":7271.73,"end":7272.21},{"text":"to","start":7272.21,"end":7272.37},{"text":"be","start":7272.37,"end":7272.61},{"text":"followed","start":7272.61,"end":7273.01},{"text":"by","start":7273.01,"end":7273.25},{"text":"Israel.","start":7273.25,"end":7273.81}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Italy.","start":7273.89,"end":7277.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":7273.89,"end":7274.13},{"text":"let","start":7274.13,"end":7274.29},{"text":"me","start":7274.29,"end":7274.41},{"text":"first","start":7274.41,"end":7274.69},{"text":"pass","start":7274.69,"end":7275.01},{"text":"the","start":7275.01,"end":7275.09},{"text":"floor","start":7275.09,"end":7275.33},{"text":"to","start":7275.33,"end":7275.41},{"text":"the","start":7275.41,"end":7275.49},{"text":"distinguished","start":7275.49,"end":7276.05},{"text":"representative","start":7276.05,"end":7276.65},{"text":"of","start":7276.65,"end":7276.77},{"text":"Italy.","start":7276.77,"end":7277.17}]},{"text":"Madam, you have the floor.","start":7277.17,"end":7278.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam,","start":7277.17,"end":7277.49},{"text":"you","start":7277.49,"end":7277.57},{"text":"have","start":7277.57,"end":7277.69},{"text":"the","start":7277.73,"end":7277.81},{"text":"floor.","start":7277.81,"end":7278.09}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":52,"start":7282.33,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=2:01:23","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, for giving me the floor and for all your work on this section of the 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general support to the new language.","start":7290.81,"end":7298.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7290.81,"end":7291.05},{"text":"order","start":7291.05,"end":7291.53},{"text":"to","start":7291.53,"end":7291.73},{"text":"advance","start":7292.25,"end":7292.81},{"text":"towards","start":7292.81,"end":7293.29},{"text":"consensus,","start":7293.29,"end":7294.33},{"text":"we","start":7294.65,"end":7294.85},{"text":"would","start":7294.85,"end":7295.01},{"text":"express","start":7295.01,"end":7295.61},{"text":"general","start":7295.61,"end":7296.09},{"text":"support","start":7296.09,"end":7296.85},{"text":"to","start":7296.85,"end":7296.93},{"text":"the","start":7296.97,"end":7297.09},{"text":"new","start":7297.09,"end":7297.29},{"text":"language.","start":7297.29,"end":7298.01}]},{"text":"However, we still present some 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7348.53,"end":7348.77},{"text":"general,","start":7348.77,"end":7349.57},{"text":"the","start":7349.65,"end":7349.81},{"text":"new","start":7349.81,"end":7350.13},{"text":"wording","start":7350.13,"end":7350.69},{"text":"of","start":7350.69,"end":7350.89},{"text":"paragraph","start":7350.89,"end":7351.81},{"text":"1a","start":7351.81,"end":7352.69},{"text":"is","start":7352.93,"end":7353.33},{"text":"appreciated","start":7353.37,"end":7354.21},{"text":"as","start":7354.53,"end":7354.69},{"text":"it","start":7354.69,"end":7354.85},{"text":"avoids","start":7354.85,"end":7355.33},{"text":"the","start":7355.33,"end":7355.45},{"text":"characterization","start":7355.45,"end":7356.77},{"text":"of","start":7356.77,"end":7357.09},{"text":"a","start":7357.09,"end":7357.33},{"text":"system","start":7357.33,"end":7358.21},{"text":"as","start":7358.21,"end":7358.53},{"text":"a","start":7358.53,"end":7358.61},{"text":"lethal","start":7358.61,"end":7358.93},{"text":"autonomous","start":7358.93,"end":7359.41},{"text":"weapon","start":7359.41,"end":7359.81},{"text":"system","start":7359.81,"end":7360.37},{"text":"when","start":7360.61,"end":7360.93},{"text":"the","start":7360.97,"end":7361.05},{"text":"identification","start":7361.05,"end":7362.13},{"text":"phase","start":7362.13,"end":7362.61},{"text":"is","start":7362.61,"end":7362.93},{"text":"clearly","start":7362.93,"end":7363.65},{"text":"conducted","start":7363.65,"end":7364.61},{"text":"through","start":7364.69,"end":7365.01},{"text":"human","start":7365.01,"end":7365.41},{"text":"planning.","start":7365.41,"end":7366.13}]},{"text":"However, we share similar reservations consistent with the views expressed by some others and by the ICRC regarding the use of parentheses in this text.","start":7366.69,"end":7378.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7366.69,"end":7367.49},{"text":"we","start":7367.73,"end":7367.97},{"text":"share","start":7367.97,"end":7368.37},{"text":"similar","start":7368.37,"end":7368.93},{"text":"reservations","start":7368.93,"end":7369.97},{"text":"consistent","start":7370.21,"end":7371.09},{"text":"with","start":7371.09,"end":7371.29},{"text":"the","start":7371.29,"end":7371.37},{"text":"views","start":7371.37,"end":7371.65},{"text":"expressed","start":7371.65,"end":7372.21},{"text":"by","start":7372.21,"end":7372.53},{"text":"some","start":7372.69,"end":7373.09},{"text":"others","start":7373.09,"end":7373.57},{"text":"and","start":7373.57,"end":7373.69},{"text":"by","start":7373.69,"end":7373.89},{"text":"the","start":7373.89,"end":7374.01},{"text":"ICRC","start":7374.13,"end":7375.01},{"text":"regarding","start":7375.41,"end":7375.89},{"text":"the","start":7375.89,"end":7376.01},{"text":"use","start":7376.01,"end":7376.25},{"text":"of","start":7376.25,"end":7376.33},{"text":"parentheses","start":7376.33,"end":7377.25},{"text":"in","start":7377.25,"end":7377.45},{"text":"this","start":7377.45,"end":7377.73},{"text":"text.","start":7377.73,"end":7378.29}]},{"text":"Indeed, the use of terms such as parameters or characteristics of the target would be more appropriate in this context, and we are flexible on the language proposal presented by Pakistan and supported by a few others.","start":7378.77,"end":7394.29,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":7378.77,"end":7379.53},{"text":"the","start":7379.53,"end":7379.65},{"text":"use","start":7379.65,"end":7380.01},{"text":"of","start":7380.01,"end":7380.13},{"text":"terms","start":7380.13,"end":7380.57},{"text":"such","start":7380.57,"end":7381.09},{"text":"as","start":7381.09,"end":7381.25},{"text":"parameters","start":7381.25,"end":7382.21},{"text":"or","start":7382.29,"end":7382.61},{"text":"characteristics","start":7382.61,"end":7383.73},{"text":"of","start":7383.81,"end":7384.05},{"text":"the","start":7384.05,"end":7384.13},{"text":"target","start":7384.13,"end":7384.77},{"text":"would","start":7385.01,"end":7385.25},{"text":"be","start":7385.25,"end":7385.49},{"text":"more","start":7385.49,"end":7385.73},{"text":"appropriate","start":7385.73,"end":7386.53},{"text":"in","start":7386.53,"end":7386.69},{"text":"this","start":7386.69,"end":7386.85},{"text":"context,","start":7386.85,"end":7387.65},{"text":"and","start":7387.89,"end":7388.09},{"text":"we","start":7388.09,"end":7388.25},{"text":"are","start":7388.25,"end":7388.37},{"text":"flexible","start":7388.37,"end":7389.17},{"text":"on","start":7389.17,"end":7389.29},{"text":"the","start":7389.29,"end":7389.41},{"text":"language","start":7389.41,"end":7389.89},{"text":"proposal","start":7389.89,"end":7390.53},{"text":"presented","start":7390.53,"end":7391.17},{"text":"by","start":7391.17,"end":7391.33},{"text":"Pakistan","start":7391.33,"end":7392.21},{"text":"and","start":7392.21,"end":7392.37},{"text":"supported","start":7392.37,"end":7393.09},{"text":"by","start":7393.09,"end":7393.33},{"text":"a","start":7393.33,"end":7393.37},{"text":"few","start":7393.37,"end":7393.73},{"text":"others.","start":7393.73,"end":7394.29}]},{"text":"Also, as previously specified by the ICRC and Japan, we would prefer replacing \"chooses\" with \"selects\".","start":7394.81,"end":7402.73,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":7394.81,"end":7395.61},{"text":"as","start":7395.61,"end":7396.01},{"text":"previously","start":7396.01,"end":7396.73},{"text":"specified","start":7396.73,"end":7397.69},{"text":"by","start":7397.69,"end":7397.85},{"text":"the","start":7397.85,"end":7397.97},{"text":"ICRC","start":7397.97,"end":7398.61},{"text":"and","start":7398.61,"end":7398.81},{"text":"Japan,","start":7398.81,"end":7399.37},{"text":"we","start":7399.37,"end":7399.65},{"text":"would","start":7399.65,"end":7399.85},{"text":"prefer","start":7399.85,"end":7400.45},{"text":"replacing","start":7400.45,"end":7401.05},{"text":"\"chooses\"","start":7401.05,"end":7401.69},{"text":"with","start":7401.69,"end":7402.01},{"text":"\"selects\".","start":7402.01,"end":7402.73}]},{"text":"As a general comment on this second sentence of 1, we struggle from our perspective to identify possible loopholes, and we are ready to further engage with delegations in order to bridge divergences.","start":7403.45,"end":7421.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":7403.45,"end":7403.77},{"text":"a","start":7404.01,"end":7404.05},{"text":"general","start":7404.05,"end":7404.57},{"text":"comment","start":7404.57,"end":7405.37},{"text":"on","start":7405.69,"end":7405.93},{"text":"this","start":7405.97,"end":7406.33},{"text":"second","start":7406.49,"end":7406.89},{"text":"sentence","start":7407.05,"end":7407.85},{"text":"of","start":7407.85,"end":7408.09},{"text":"1,","start":7408.09,"end":7408.57},{"text":"we","start":7409.13,"end":7409.61},{"text":"struggle","start":7409.61,"end":7410.33},{"text":"from","start":7410.33,"end":7410.89},{"text":"our","start":7410.89,"end":7411.37},{"text":"perspective","start":7411.37,"end":7412.25},{"text":"to","start":7412.25,"end":7412.65},{"text":"identify","start":7412.81,"end":7413.85},{"text":"possible","start":7414.01,"end":7414.85},{"text":"loopholes,","start":7414.85,"end":7415.53},{"text":"and","start":7415.61,"end":7416.09},{"text":"we","start":7416.25,"end":7416.57},{"text":"are","start":7416.57,"end":7416.73},{"text":"ready","start":7416.73,"end":7416.97},{"text":"to","start":7416.97,"end":7417.21},{"text":"further","start":7417.29,"end":7417.69},{"text":"engage","start":7417.69,"end":7418.09},{"text":"with","start":7418.09,"end":7418.29},{"text":"delegations","start":7418.29,"end":7419.13},{"text":"in","start":7419.13,"end":7419.29},{"text":"order","start":7419.29,"end":7419.69},{"text":"to","start":7419.69,"end":7419.85},{"text":"bridge","start":7419.85,"end":7420.17},{"text":"divergences.","start":7420.17,"end":7421.21}]},{"text":"Finally, we welcome the new formulation of point C, which adds \"or inclusion\", as this contributes to creating the broadest possible consensus in the room.","start":7421.73,"end":7432.21,"topics":[{"key":"scope-exclusions","label":"Exclusions, Inclusions, and Future Flexibility","description":"Participants discussed whether the characterization should cast a broad net first and then refine scope through later exclusions or inclusions. This included support from some delegations for language allowing future exclusion or inclusion of certain systems as technology and negotiations 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you, Chair.","start":7432.49,"end":7433.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7432.49,"end":7432.69},{"text":"you,","start":7432.69,"end":7432.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":7432.77,"end":7433.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ITA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Italy"}},{"statement_number":53,"start":7437.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=2:03:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Italy for sharing the comments of her 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Israel.","start":7441.53,"end":7444.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":7441.53,"end":7441.73},{"text":"on","start":7441.73,"end":7441.81},{"text":"my","start":7441.81,"end":7441.97},{"text":"list","start":7441.97,"end":7442.29},{"text":"is","start":7442.61,"end":7442.85},{"text":"the","start":7442.85,"end":7442.93},{"text":"distinguished","start":7442.93,"end":7443.57},{"text":"representative","start":7443.57,"end":7444.13},{"text":"of","start":7444.13,"end":7444.21},{"text":"Israel.","start":7444.29,"end":7444.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":54,"start":7454.37,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=2:04:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7454.37,"end":7455.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7454.37,"end":7454.57},{"text":"you,","start":7454.57,"end":7454.69},{"text":"Mr.","start":7454.69,"end":7454.93},{"text":"Chair.","start":7454.93,"end":7455.25}]},{"text":"Good morning, colleagues.","start":7455.25,"end":7456.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":7455.25,"end":7455.41},{"text":"morning,","start":7455.41,"end":7455.81},{"text":"colleagues.","start":7455.81,"end":7456.37}]},{"text":"We want to thank you, Chair, and your team for your efforts in providing us with additional suggestions on box one through three in order to allow us to progress towards finding 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are still learning the new additions to the text.","start":7470.69,"end":7473.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7470.69,"end":7470.81},{"text":"are","start":7470.81,"end":7470.89},{"text":"still","start":7470.89,"end":7471.21},{"text":"learning","start":7471.21,"end":7471.65},{"text":"the","start":7471.65,"end":7471.73},{"text":"new","start":7471.73,"end":7471.89},{"text":"additions","start":7471.89,"end":7472.37},{"text":"to","start":7472.37,"end":7472.49},{"text":"the","start":7472.49,"end":7472.57},{"text":"text.","start":7472.61,"end":7473.01}]},{"text":"However, we wish to share with you our initial 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":7594.85,"end":7595.01},{"text":"that","start":7595.01,"end":7595.17},{"text":"decision","start":7595.17,"end":7595.57},{"text":"was","start":7595.57,"end":7595.73},{"text":"made","start":7595.73,"end":7596.17},{"text":"by","start":7596.21,"end":7596.33},{"text":"a","start":7596.33,"end":7596.37},{"text":"human,","start":7596.37,"end":7596.93},{"text":"it","start":7596.93,"end":7597.17},{"text":"remains","start":7597.17,"end":7597.57},{"text":"a","start":7597.57,"end":7597.61},{"text":"human","start":7597.61,"end":7597.97},{"text":"selection,","start":7597.97,"end":7598.57},{"text":"whether","start":7598.57,"end":7598.93},{"text":"it","start":7598.93,"end":7599.09},{"text":"concerns","start":7599.09,"end":7599.73},{"text":"one","start":7599.81,"end":7600.05},{"text":"target,","start":7600.05,"end":7600.49},{"text":"two,","start":7600.49,"end":7600.69},{"text":"or","start":7600.69,"end":7600.85},{"text":"more.","start":7600.85,"end":7601.17}]},{"text":"For this reason, we do not support introducing a separate concept, such as list of targets into paragraph 1A.","start":7602.53,"end":7611.01,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":7602.53,"end":7602.77},{"text":"this","start":7602.77,"end":7602.93},{"text":"reason,","start":7602.93,"end":7603.33},{"text":"we","start":7603.33,"end":7603.45},{"text":"do","start":7603.45,"end":7603.57},{"text":"not","start":7603.57,"end":7603.81},{"text":"support","start":7603.81,"end":7604.45},{"text":"introducing","start":7604.69,"end":7605.25},{"text":"a","start":7605.25,"end":7605.33},{"text":"separate","start":7605.33,"end":7606.29},{"text":"concept,","start":7607.57,"end":7608.21},{"text":"such","start":7608.53,"end":7608.89},{"text":"as","start":7608.89,"end":7609.01},{"text":"list","start":7609.01,"end":7609.37},{"text":"of","start":7609.37,"end":7609.49},{"text":"targets","start":7609.49,"end":7609.93},{"text":"into","start":7609.93,"end":7610.13},{"text":"paragraph","start":7610.13,"end":7610.53},{"text":"1A.","start":7610.53,"end":7611.01}]},{"text":"Doing so will undermine the coherence of the discussion and risk bringing with the characterization systems that clearly are not laws.","start":7611.57,"end":7619.73,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Doing","start":7611.57,"end":7611.73},{"text":"so","start":7611.73,"end":7611.89},{"text":"will","start":7611.89,"end":7612.13},{"text":"undermine","start":7612.13,"end":7612.77},{"text":"the","start":7612.77,"end":7612.85},{"text":"coherence","start":7612.85,"end":7613.57},{"text":"of","start":7614.01,"end":7614.13},{"text":"the","start":7614.13,"end":7614.25},{"text":"discussion","start":7614.25,"end":7614.85},{"text":"and","start":7614.89,"end":7615.01},{"text":"risk","start":7615.01,"end":7615.33},{"text":"bringing","start":7615.33,"end":7615.89},{"text":"with","start":7615.89,"end":7616.13},{"text":"the","start":7616.21,"end":7616.41},{"text":"characterization","start":7616.41,"end":7617.09},{"text":"systems","start":7617.09,"end":7617.49},{"text":"that","start":7617.49,"end":7617.73},{"text":"clearly","start":7617.97,"end":7618.53},{"text":"are","start":7618.53,"end":7618.69},{"text":"not","start":7618.69,"end":7619.09},{"text":"laws.","start":7619.25,"end":7619.73}]},{"text":"In our view, the reference to characteristics is more accurate and should remain.","start":7620.21,"end":7624.65,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7620.21,"end":7620.37},{"text":"our","start":7620.37,"end":7620.49},{"text":"view,","start":7620.49,"end":7620.89},{"text":"the","start":7621.13,"end":7621.25},{"text":"reference","start":7621.25,"end":7621.65},{"text":"to","start":7621.65,"end":7621.77},{"text":"characteristics","start":7621.77,"end":7622.57},{"text":"is","start":7622.57,"end":7622.73},{"text":"more","start":7622.73,"end":7622.97},{"text":"accurate","start":7622.97,"end":7623.53},{"text":"and","start":7623.53,"end":7623.69},{"text":"should","start":7623.69,"end":7623.97},{"text":"remain.","start":7624.17,"end":7624.65}]},{"text":"In addition, it would be preferable to retain the plural targets without brackets, which better reflects operational reality and avoids an unduly narrowing reading of the exclusion.","start":7625.93,"end":7637.05,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7625.93,"end":7626.09},{"text":"addition,","start":7626.09,"end":7626.49},{"text":"it","start":7626.49,"end":7626.57},{"text":"would","start":7626.57,"end":7626.69},{"text":"be","start":7626.69,"end":7626.81},{"text":"preferable","start":7626.81,"end":7627.37},{"text":"to","start":7627.37,"end":7627.45},{"text":"retain","start":7627.45,"end":7628.01},{"text":"the","start":7628.01,"end":7628.17},{"text":"plural","start":7628.17,"end":7628.65},{"text":"targets","start":7628.65,"end":7629.29},{"text":"without","start":7629.29,"end":7629.69},{"text":"brackets,","start":7629.69,"end":7630.33},{"text":"which","start":7630.73,"end":7630.97},{"text":"better","start":7630.97,"end":7631.25},{"text":"reflects","start":7631.25,"end":7632.01},{"text":"operational","start":7632.01,"end":7632.57},{"text":"reality","start":7632.57,"end":7633.21},{"text":"and","start":7633.49,"end":7633.61},{"text":"avoids","start":7633.61,"end":7634.09},{"text":"an","start":7634.37,"end":7634.57},{"text":"unduly","start":7634.57,"end":7635.01},{"text":"narrowing","start":7635.01,"end":7635.61},{"text":"reading","start":7635.77,"end":7636.17},{"text":"of","start":7636.17,"end":7636.37},{"text":"the","start":7636.37,"end":7636.45},{"text":"exclusion.","start":7636.45,"end":7637.05}]},{"text":"Finally, while workable as a compromise, the term \"determines\" could introduce some ambiguity, particularly when combined with otherwise, as well as when referring to a set of characteristics.","start":7638.33,"end":7650.45,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":7638.33,"end":7638.89},{"text":"while","start":7639.17,"end":7639.49},{"text":"workable","start":7639.53,"end":7640.17},{"text":"as","start":7640.17,"end":7640.33},{"text":"a","start":7640.33,"end":7640.37},{"text":"compromise,","start":7640.37,"end":7640.89},{"text":"the","start":7640.89,"end":7641.01},{"text":"term","start":7641.01,"end":7641.37},{"text":"\"determines\"","start":7641.45,"end":7642.41},{"text":"could","start":7643.09,"end":7643.29},{"text":"introduce","start":7643.29,"end":7643.77},{"text":"some","start":7643.77,"end":7643.97},{"text":"ambiguity,","start":7643.97,"end":7644.77},{"text":"particularly","start":7644.77,"end":7645.53},{"text":"when","start":7645.53,"end":7645.73},{"text":"combined","start":7645.73,"end":7646.13},{"text":"with","start":7646.13,"end":7646.37},{"text":"otherwise,","start":7646.37,"end":7647.01},{"text":"as","start":7647.17,"end":7647.41},{"text":"well","start":7647.41,"end":7647.65},{"text":"as","start":7647.65,"end":7647.81},{"text":"when","start":7647.81,"end":7648.21},{"text":"referring","start":7648.21,"end":7648.69},{"text":"to","start":7648.69,"end":7648.81},{"text":"a","start":7648.81,"end":7648.85},{"text":"set","start":7648.85,"end":7649.33},{"text":"of","start":7649.33,"end":7649.57},{"text":"characteristics.","start":7649.57,"end":7650.45}]},{"text":"In our view, the word define would be a more accurate and appropriate term in this context.","start":7650.77,"end":7657.93,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7650.77,"end":7650.93},{"text":"our","start":7650.93,"end":7651.09},{"text":"view,","start":7651.09,"end":7651.57},{"text":"the","start":7652.05,"end":7652.17},{"text":"word","start":7652.17,"end":7652.45},{"text":"define","start":7652.53,"end":7653.33},{"text":"would","start":7653.57,"end":7653.81},{"text":"be","start":7654.21,"end":7654.65},{"text":"a","start":7654.65,"end":7654.69},{"text":"more","start":7654.69,"end":7655.01},{"text":"accurate","start":7655.01,"end":7655.65},{"text":"and","start":7655.65,"end":7655.85},{"text":"appropriate","start":7655.85,"end":7656.41},{"text":"term","start":7656.41,"end":7656.77},{"text":"in","start":7657.01,"end":7657.17},{"text":"this","start":7657.17,"end":7657.41},{"text":"context.","start":7657.41,"end":7657.93}]},{"text":"The paragraph would therefore read, the fact that a human being designs programs or otherwise defines a set of characteristics of potential targets does not exclude the system from this characterization.","start":7659.81,"end":7674.93,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7659.81,"end":7659.97},{"text":"paragraph","start":7659.97,"end":7660.53},{"text":"would","start":7660.93,"end":7661.25},{"text":"therefore","start":7661.41,"end":7662.01},{"text":"read,","start":7662.01,"end":7662.29},{"text":"the","start":7663.25,"end":7663.45},{"text":"fact","start":7663.45,"end":7663.81},{"text":"that","start":7663.81,"end":7664.29},{"text":"a","start":7664.69,"end":7664.73},{"text":"human","start":7664.73,"end":7665.09},{"text":"being","start":7665.09,"end":7665.41},{"text":"designs","start":7665.41,"end":7666.05},{"text":"programs","start":7666.13,"end":7666.61},{"text":"or","start":7666.61,"end":7666.85},{"text":"otherwise","start":7666.85,"end":7667.41},{"text":"defines","start":7667.73,"end":7668.53},{"text":"a","start":7668.93,"end":7668.97},{"text":"set","start":7668.97,"end":7669.37},{"text":"of","start":7669.37,"end":7669.57},{"text":"characteristics","start":7669.57,"end":7670.45},{"text":"of","start":7670.49,"end":7670.61},{"text":"potential","start":7670.61,"end":7671.25},{"text":"targets","start":7671.25,"end":7671.73},{"text":"does","start":7672.05,"end":7672.29},{"text":"not","start":7672.29,"end":7672.49},{"text":"exclude","start":7672.49,"end":7673.01},{"text":"the","start":7673.01,"end":7673.09},{"text":"system","start":7673.09,"end":7673.49},{"text":"from","start":7673.49,"end":7673.81},{"text":"this","start":7673.81,"end":7674.05},{"text":"characterization.","start":7674.05,"end":7674.93}]},{"text":"A system is not included in the characterization when the personnel planning, deciding upon, or carrying out the attack choose the specific target, targets, sorry, with an S, to be engaged by the system.","start":7675.57,"end":7688.93,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7675.57,"end":7675.61},{"text":"system","start":7675.61,"end":7676.29},{"text":"is","start":7676.29,"end":7676.45},{"text":"not","start":7676.45,"end":7676.81},{"text":"included","start":7676.81,"end":7677.29},{"text":"in","start":7677.29,"end":7677.41},{"text":"the","start":7677.41,"end":7677.49},{"text":"characterization","start":7677.49,"end":7678.33},{"text":"when","start":7678.33,"end":7678.77},{"text":"the","start":7679.01,"end":7679.13},{"text":"personnel","start":7679.13,"end":7679.65},{"text":"planning,","start":7679.65,"end":7680.13},{"text":"deciding","start":7680.13,"end":7680.61},{"text":"upon,","start":7680.61,"end":7681.01},{"text":"or","start":7681.09,"end":7681.33},{"text":"carrying","start":7681.33,"end":7681.81},{"text":"out","start":7681.81,"end":7681.97},{"text":"the","start":7681.97,"end":7682.09},{"text":"attack","start":7682.09,"end":7682.77},{"text":"choose","start":7683.17,"end":7683.65},{"text":"the","start":7683.81,"end":7683.97},{"text":"specific","start":7683.97,"end":7684.61},{"text":"target,","start":7684.77,"end":7685.41},{"text":"targets,","start":7685.81,"end":7686.49},{"text":"sorry,","start":7686.49,"end":7686.69},{"text":"with","start":7686.69,"end":7686.85},{"text":"an","start":7686.85,"end":7687.01},{"text":"S,","start":7687.01,"end":7687.25},{"text":"to","start":7687.57,"end":7687.69},{"text":"be","start":7687.69,"end":7687.81},{"text":"engaged","start":7687.81,"end":7688.25},{"text":"by","start":7688.25,"end":7688.41},{"text":"the","start":7688.41,"end":7688.53},{"text":"system.","start":7688.53,"end":7688.93}]},{"text":"Regarding the first paragraph of box one, we remain concerned about the following issues.","start":7691.09,"end":7695.81,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":7691.09,"end":7691.65},{"text":"the","start":7691.65,"end":7691.73},{"text":"first","start":7691.73,"end":7692.05},{"text":"paragraph","start":7692.05,"end":7692.73},{"text":"of","start":7692.73,"end":7692.85},{"text":"box","start":7692.85,"end":7693.17},{"text":"one,","start":7693.17,"end":7693.49},{"text":"we","start":7693.49,"end":7693.61},{"text":"remain","start":7693.61,"end":7694.01},{"text":"concerned","start":7694.01,"end":7694.53},{"text":"about","start":7694.53,"end":7694.81},{"text":"the","start":7694.81,"end":7694.89},{"text":"following","start":7694.89,"end":7695.33},{"text":"issues.","start":7695.33,"end":7695.81}]},{"text":"Firstly, as we previously mentioned, we do not fully understand the practical meaning of functionally integrated.","start":7696.85,"end":7702.69,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":7696.85,"end":7697.33},{"text":"as","start":7697.33,"end":7697.49},{"text":"we","start":7697.49,"end":7697.89},{"text":"previously","start":7697.89,"end":7698.37},{"text":"mentioned,","start":7698.37,"end":7698.85},{"text":"we","start":7698.85,"end":7699.01},{"text":"do","start":7699.01,"end":7699.09},{"text":"not","start":7699.09,"end":7699.33},{"text":"fully","start":7699.33,"end":7699.73},{"text":"understand","start":7699.73,"end":7700.33},{"text":"the","start":7700.33,"end":7700.41},{"text":"practical","start":7700.41,"end":7700.93},{"text":"meaning","start":7700.93,"end":7701.17},{"text":"of","start":7701.17,"end":7701.29},{"text":"functionally","start":7701.29,"end":7701.93},{"text":"integrated.","start":7701.93,"end":7702.69}]},{"text":"And we are concerned that it broadens the definition beyond a clearly identified weapon system to external components that are not actually part of the system.","start":7703.53,"end":7713.41,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. Many speakers stressed that this characterization is the foundation for later rules on regulation, requirements, and possible prohibitions."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7703.53,"end":7703.65},{"text":"we","start":7703.65,"end":7703.77},{"text":"are","start":7703.77,"end":7703.89},{"text":"concerned","start":7703.89,"end":7704.41},{"text":"that","start":7704.41,"end":7704.53},{"text":"it","start":7704.53,"end":7704.65},{"text":"broadens","start":7704.65,"end":7705.17},{"text":"the","start":7705.17,"end":7705.37},{"text":"definition","start":7705.37,"end":7706.05},{"text":"beyond","start":7706.05,"end":7706.73},{"text":"a","start":7706.93,"end":7706.97},{"text":"clearly","start":7706.97,"end":7707.85},{"text":"identified","start":7707.85,"end":7708.45},{"text":"weapon","start":7708.45,"end":7708.85},{"text":"system","start":7708.85,"end":7709.33},{"text":"to","start":7709.73,"end":7709.85},{"text":"external","start":7709.85,"end":7710.37},{"text":"components","start":7710.37,"end":7711.49},{"text":"that","start":7711.49,"end":7711.65},{"text":"are","start":7711.65,"end":7711.81},{"text":"not","start":7711.81,"end":7712.13},{"text":"actually","start":7712.13,"end":7712.53},{"text":"part","start":7712.53,"end":7712.77},{"text":"of","start":7712.77,"end":7712.85},{"text":"the","start":7712.85,"end":7712.97},{"text":"system.","start":7712.97,"end":7713.41}]},{"text":"The current text does not sufficiently reflect the fact that weapon systems often rely on a large amount of information and external inputs that are not inherently part of the system.","start":7714.69,"end":7725.57,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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you very much, Chair.","start":7935.21,"end":7937.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7935.21,"end":7935.49},{"text":"you","start":7935.49,"end":7935.57},{"text":"very","start":7935.57,"end":7935.81},{"text":"much,","start":7935.81,"end":7936.41},{"text":"Chair.","start":7936.49,"end":7937.17}]},{"text":"A very brief reaction to what was just said by our delegate, our colleague from 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Austria.","start":7942.65,"end":7947.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Well,","start":7942.65,"end":7942.89},{"text":"our","start":7942.89,"end":7942.97},{"text":"delegation","start":7942.97,"end":7943.69},{"text":"is","start":7943.69,"end":7943.93},{"text":"not","start":7943.93,"end":7944.17},{"text":"reading","start":7944.17,"end":7944.65},{"text":"the","start":7944.65,"end":7944.77},{"text":"text","start":7944.77,"end":7945.13},{"text":"in","start":7945.13,"end":7945.21},{"text":"the","start":7945.21,"end":7945.29},{"text":"same","start":7945.29,"end":7945.61},{"text":"way","start":7945.61,"end":7945.85},{"text":"as","start":7945.85,"end":7946.09},{"text":"the","start":7946.09,"end":7946.17},{"text":"delegation","start":7946.17,"end":7946.73},{"text":"of","start":7946.73,"end":7946.81},{"text":"Austria.","start":7946.81,"end":7947.21}]},{"text":"We're reading what we see in paragraph B. We're not talking about or we do not see anything about loss of life here.","start":7947.21,"end":7955.85,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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do not see this in the text.","start":8016.01,"end":8018.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8016.01,"end":8016.41},{"text":"do","start":8016.41,"end":8016.73},{"text":"not","start":8016.73,"end":8017.05},{"text":"see","start":8017.05,"end":8017.61},{"text":"this","start":8017.61,"end":8017.93},{"text":"in","start":8017.93,"end":8018.09},{"text":"the","start":8018.09,"end":8018.17},{"text":"text.","start":8018.17,"end":8018.57}]},{"text":"Yes, we did have the first proposal in sub-paragraph B during our previous discussions, and we insisted on moving 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of the proposal to paragraph 1.","start":8027.73,"end":8031.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"part","start":8027.73,"end":8028.05},{"text":"of","start":8028.05,"end":8028.13},{"text":"the","start":8028.13,"end":8028.45},{"text":"proposal","start":8028.53,"end":8029.49},{"text":"to","start":8029.49,"end":8030.05},{"text":"paragraph","start":8030.61,"end":8031.17},{"text":"1.","start":8031.17,"end":8031.49}]},{"text":"So we lost it in subparagraph b, but it did not appear in paragraph 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death on persons\".","start":8059.25,"end":8061.77,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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on my list is France, to be followed by the University of Nottingham.","start":8347.69,"end":8352.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":8347.69,"end":8348.17},{"text":"on","start":8348.17,"end":8348.25},{"text":"my","start":8348.25,"end":8348.41},{"text":"list","start":8348.41,"end":8348.81},{"text":"is","start":8348.81,"end":8349.13},{"text":"France,","start":8349.13,"end":8349.53},{"text":"to","start":8349.53,"end":8349.69},{"text":"be","start":8349.69,"end":8349.93},{"text":"followed","start":8350.01,"end":8350.41},{"text":"by","start":8350.41,"end":8350.57},{"text":"the","start":8350.57,"end":8350.65},{"text":"University","start":8350.65,"end":8351.25},{"text":"of","start":8351.25,"end":8351.37},{"text":"Nottingham.","start":8351.37,"end":8352.01}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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the first paragraph, the continuing reference to the phrase \"functionally integrated\" is misleading, and there is no basis in weapons law for it.","start":8519.45,"end":8534.05,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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Thank you.","start":8619.93,"end":8626.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8619.93,"end":8620.17},{"text":"perhaps","start":8620.17,"end":8620.61},{"text":"that","start":8620.61,"end":8620.73},{"text":"can","start":8620.73,"end":8621.13},{"text":"follow","start":8621.21,"end":8621.61},{"text":"through","start":8621.61,"end":8622.25},{"text":"in","start":8622.77,"end":8623.05},{"text":"whatever","start":8623.05,"end":8623.53},{"text":"iteration","start":8623.53,"end":8624.13},{"text":"comes","start":8624.13,"end":8624.53},{"text":"from","start":8624.53,"end":8624.77},{"text":"this","start":8624.77,"end":8625.13},{"text":"sub-paragraph","start":8625.13,"end":8625.97},{"text":"A.","start":8626.53,"end":8626.57},{"text":"Thank","start":8626.57,"end":8626.77},{"text":"you.","start":8626.77,"end":8626.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"University of Nottingham","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"University of 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distinguished representative of Chile.","start":8634.05,"end":8637.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":8634.05,"end":8634.33},{"text":"on","start":8634.33,"end":8634.41},{"text":"my","start":8634.41,"end":8634.49},{"text":"list","start":8634.49,"end":8634.85},{"text":"is","start":8634.85,"end":8635.17},{"text":"the","start":8635.17,"end":8635.29},{"text":"distinguished","start":8635.33,"end":8636.13},{"text":"representative","start":8636.13,"end":8636.93},{"text":"of","start":8636.93,"end":8637.01},{"text":"Chile.","start":8637.01,"end":8637.33}]},{"text":"You have the 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appreciate the work done in terms of the additional references towards moving towards a convergence about key elements for a possible legally binding 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regards box 1, Chile would like to voice a number of concerns about paragraph 1 revised paragraph 1, particularly the first sentence, which relates to the characterisation of lethal autonomous weapons systems.","start":8668.33,"end":8682.97,"topics":[{"key":"laws-characterization","label":"Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems","description":"Delegations debated how to formulate Box 1 so it properly characterizes which systems fall within the scope of a future instrument on lethal autonomous weapon systems. 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the time being, we don't have any alternative proposals to make to paragraph 1A, and we would have to also review Brazil's 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those delegations which are very adamant on protecting existing IHL, not go beyond it, be very exact on what is already contained in IHL and what is not, and being very, very particular on how far we can go 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then we have here a concept that does not exist in IHL, which is the lethality, which does not exist for a very good reason, because it does not make a lot of sense.","start":8799.61,"end":8809.21,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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the distinguished representative of Pakistan.","start":8885.81,"end":8889.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":8885.81,"end":8886.01},{"text":"let","start":8886.01,"end":8886.13},{"text":"me","start":8886.13,"end":8886.33},{"text":"first","start":8886.33,"end":8886.73},{"text":"pass","start":8886.89,"end":8887.13},{"text":"the","start":8887.13,"end":8887.21},{"text":"floor","start":8887.21,"end":8887.45},{"text":"to","start":8887.45,"end":8887.53},{"text":"the","start":8887.53,"end":8887.61},{"text":"distinguished","start":8887.61,"end":8888.09},{"text":"representative","start":8888.09,"end":8888.69},{"text":"of","start":8888.69,"end":8888.81},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":8888.81,"end":8889.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":70,"start":8893.45,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=2:28:14","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, 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after listening very carefully to the comments this morning, we would like to share some additional comments in two 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this issue of lethality.","start":8913.85,"end":8917.05,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the scope."}],"words":[{"text":"One,","start":8913.85,"end":8914.09},{"text":"this","start":8914.09,"end":8914.65},{"text":"issue","start":8915.69,"end":8916.09},{"text":"of","start":8916.09,"end":8916.33},{"text":"lethality.","start":8916.33,"end":8917.05}]},{"text":"and the next on paragraph 1.","start":8918.45,"end":8920.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":8918.45,"end":8918.65},{"text":"the","start":8918.65,"end":8918.73},{"text":"next","start":8918.73,"end":8919.09},{"text":"on","start":8919.09,"end":8919.57},{"text":"paragraph","start":8919.65,"end":8920.29},{"text":"1.","start":8920.29,"end":8920.61}]},{"text":"So on the issue of lethality, my delegation has not participated as extensively as we have in other areas in the debate for one simple reason.","start":8921.09,"end":8934.53,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the scope."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8974.93,"end":8975.09},{"text":"think","start":8975.09,"end":8975.49},{"text":"the","start":8975.57,"end":8975.81},{"text":"word","start":8975.81,"end":8976.05},{"text":"lethal","start":8976.05,"end":8976.61},{"text":"already","start":8976.61,"end":8977.21},{"text":"appears","start":8977.21,"end":8977.97},{"text":"where","start":8978.57,"end":8978.81},{"text":"it","start":8978.81,"end":8978.93},{"text":"belongs,","start":8978.93,"end":8979.57},{"text":"in","start":8980.93,"end":8981.01},{"text":"the","start":8981.01,"end":8981.13},{"text":"name","start":8981.13,"end":8981.41},{"text":"of","start":8981.41,"end":8981.49},{"text":"the","start":8981.49,"end":8981.65},{"text":"system.","start":8981.65,"end":8982.21}]},{"text":"Inserting it again in the functional description of the system raises some very distinct questions.","start":8983.69,"end":8992.45,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8993.09,"end":8993.25},{"text":"characterization","start":8993.25,"end":8994.29},{"text":"is","start":8994.29,"end":8994.37},{"text":"supposed","start":8994.37,"end":8994.89},{"text":"to","start":8994.89,"end":8995.09},{"text":"ask","start":8995.09,"end":8995.45},{"text":"this,","start":8995.45,"end":8995.69},{"text":"what","start":8995.69,"end":8995.97},{"text":"can","start":8995.97,"end":8996.21},{"text":"the","start":8996.21,"end":8996.29},{"text":"system","start":8996.29,"end":8996.77},{"text":"do","start":8996.77,"end":8997.05},{"text":"autonomously?","start":8997.05,"end":8997.89}]},{"text":"And we have provided the answer, identify, select, and engage.","start":8998.61,"end":9002.37,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the scope."}],"words":[{"text":"Whether","start":9003.61,"end":9003.97},{"text":"the","start":9003.97,"end":9004.09},{"text":"force","start":9004.09,"end":9004.53},{"text":"applied","start":9004.53,"end":9004.93},{"text":"is","start":9004.93,"end":9005.09},{"text":"lethal,","start":9005.09,"end":9005.73},{"text":"injurious,","start":9005.73,"end":9006.61},{"text":"or","start":9006.61,"end":9006.77},{"text":"destructive","start":9006.77,"end":9007.49},{"text":"of","start":9007.49,"end":9007.61},{"text":"objects,","start":9007.61,"end":9008.05},{"text":"it's","start":9008.53,"end":9008.81},{"text":"a","start":9008.81,"end":9008.85},{"text":"question","start":9008.85,"end":9009.33},{"text":"about","start":9009.33,"end":9009.65},{"text":"effects.","start":9009.65,"end":9010.37}]},{"text":"And that question is addressed in 1B.","start":9011.17,"end":9014.85,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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we have about 10 more minutes before the lunch break.","start":9215.37,"end":9219.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9215.37,"end":9215.61},{"text":"we","start":9215.61,"end":9215.81},{"text":"have","start":9215.81,"end":9216.21},{"text":"about","start":9216.21,"end":9216.85},{"text":"10","start":9217.01,"end":9217.21},{"text":"more","start":9217.21,"end":9217.49},{"text":"minutes","start":9217.49,"end":9217.97},{"text":"before","start":9217.97,"end":9218.37},{"text":"the","start":9218.37,"end":9218.45},{"text":"lunch","start":9218.45,"end":9218.73},{"text":"break.","start":9218.77,"end":9219.01}]},{"text":"Let's see.","start":9219.01,"end":9219.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":9219.01,"end":9219.29},{"text":"see.","start":9219.29,"end":9219.57}]},{"text":"how far we've 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floor.","start":9220.85,"end":9224.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":9220.85,"end":9221.17},{"text":"first,","start":9221.33,"end":9221.73},{"text":"the","start":9221.73,"end":9221.85},{"text":"distinguished","start":9221.85,"end":9222.37},{"text":"representative","start":9222.37,"end":9222.97},{"text":"from","start":9222.97,"end":9223.13},{"text":"Brazil,","start":9223.13,"end":9223.49},{"text":"you","start":9223.49,"end":9223.65},{"text":"have","start":9223.65,"end":9223.85},{"text":"the","start":9223.85,"end":9223.93},{"text":"floor.","start":9223.97,"end":9224.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":72,"start":9226.85,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1s/k1sh2oyg5d?lang=en&t=2:33:47","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":9226.85,"end":9227.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9226.85,"end":9227.09},{"text":"you.","start":9227.09,"end":9227.25},{"text":"Thank","start":9227.25,"end":9227.45},{"text":"you,","start":9227.45,"end":9227.53},{"text":"Mr.","start":9227.53,"end":9227.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":9227.77,"end":9227.97}]},{"text":"I'd like to take the time to react to some of the delegations that indicated not seeing a problem or a risk in the second sentence of paragraph 1A and asked for additional clarification as to why delegations are expressing concerns on this.","start":9228.05,"end":9248.85,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":9228.05,"end":9228.25},{"text":"like","start":9228.61,"end":9228.77},{"text":"to","start":9228.77,"end":9229.41},{"text":"take","start":9230.05,"end":9230.29},{"text":"the","start":9230.29,"end":9230.37},{"text":"time","start":9230.37,"end":9230.69},{"text":"to","start":9230.69,"end":9231.01},{"text":"react","start":9231.09,"end":9231.53},{"text":"to","start":9231.53,"end":9231.61},{"text":"some","start":9231.61,"end":9231.81},{"text":"of","start":9231.81,"end":9231.89},{"text":"the","start":9231.89,"end":9232.01},{"text":"delegations","start":9232.01,"end":9232.69},{"text":"that","start":9232.69,"end":9233.57},{"text":"indicated","start":9233.57,"end":9234.53},{"text":"not","start":9234.53,"end":9234.77},{"text":"seeing","start":9234.77,"end":9235.33},{"text":"a","start":9236.45,"end":9236.53},{"text":"problem","start":9236.53,"end":9237.01},{"text":"or","start":9237.01,"end":9237.21},{"text":"a","start":9237.21,"end":9237.25},{"text":"risk","start":9237.25,"end":9237.81},{"text":"in","start":9237.81,"end":9238.05},{"text":"the","start":9238.05,"end":9238.17},{"text":"second","start":9238.17,"end":9238.53},{"text":"sentence","start":9238.53,"end":9239.17},{"text":"of","start":9239.17,"end":9239.41},{"text":"paragraph","start":9239.41,"end":9240.05},{"text":"1A","start":9240.13,"end":9240.93},{"text":"and","start":9240.93,"end":9241.25},{"text":"asked","start":9241.89,"end":9242.21},{"text":"for","start":9242.21,"end":9242.61},{"text":"additional","start":9242.61,"end":9243.13},{"text":"clarification","start":9243.13,"end":9243.85},{"text":"as","start":9243.85,"end":9243.97},{"text":"to","start":9243.97,"end":9244.29},{"text":"why","start":9244.77,"end":9245.25},{"text":"delegations","start":9246.37,"end":9246.93},{"text":"are","start":9246.93,"end":9247.01},{"text":"expressing","start":9247.01,"end":9247.65},{"text":"concerns","start":9247.81,"end":9248.37},{"text":"on","start":9248.37,"end":9248.53},{"text":"this.","start":9248.53,"end":9248.85}]},{"text":"Our delegation does not perceive a need for the second sentence of 1A to exclude homing munitions and fire-and-forget munitions, which have been the only specific category of systems that these delegations, which are attached to the second sentence of 1A, have mentioned.","start":9250.37,"end":9273.25,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":9288.41,"end":9288.57},{"text":"was","start":9288.57,"end":9288.81},{"text":"precisely","start":9288.81,"end":9289.45},{"text":"the","start":9289.45,"end":9289.57},{"text":"reason","start":9289.57,"end":9290.01},{"text":"why","start":9290.01,"end":9290.41},{"text":"we","start":9290.97,"end":9291.17},{"text":"are","start":9291.17,"end":9291.33},{"text":"reintroducing","start":9291.33,"end":9292.05},{"text":"this","start":9292.05,"end":9292.33},{"text":"formulation,","start":9292.33,"end":9293.05},{"text":"this","start":9293.05,"end":9293.45},{"text":"term","start":9293.85,"end":9294.41},{"text":"in","start":9294.49,"end":9294.73},{"text":"the","start":9294.73,"end":9294.97},{"text":"chapeau.","start":9294.97,"end":9295.53}]},{"text":"The risk inherent in including the formulation in the second sentence is the fact that it can, as other delegations have indicated, exclude autonomous systems that have the capabilities indicated in the chapeau if they are used in situations that allow for some degree of human intervention in the selection phase.","start":9296.81,"end":9324.77,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. 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Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9331.01,"end":9331.49},{"text":"risk","start":9331.57,"end":9332.05},{"text":"was","start":9332.05,"end":9332.37},{"text":"further","start":9332.37,"end":9332.69},{"text":"elaborated","start":9332.69,"end":9333.49},{"text":"by","start":9333.49,"end":9333.81},{"text":"the","start":9333.81,"end":9334.17},{"text":"representative","start":9334.21,"end":9334.93},{"text":"of","start":9335.01,"end":9335.17},{"text":"the","start":9335.17,"end":9335.29},{"text":"University","start":9335.29,"end":9335.77},{"text":"of","start":9335.77,"end":9335.89},{"text":"Nottingham,","start":9335.89,"end":9336.53},{"text":"who","start":9338.37,"end":9338.77},{"text":"recalled","start":9339.33,"end":9339.85},{"text":"the","start":9341.09,"end":9341.41},{"text":"scenarios","start":9341.73,"end":9342.33},{"text":"of","start":9342.33,"end":9342.69},{"text":"hybrid","start":9342.69,"end":9343.05},{"text":"decision-making","start":9343.05,"end":9343.89},{"text":"systems","start":9343.89,"end":9344.29},{"text":"that","start":9344.29,"end":9344.53},{"text":"allow","start":9344.53,"end":9344.93},{"text":"for","start":9344.93,"end":9345.49},{"text":"hybrid","start":9346.21,"end":9346.57},{"text":"decision-making","start":9346.57,"end":9347.41},{"text":"by","start":9347.41,"end":9347.73},{"text":"indicating","start":9347.89,"end":9348.85},{"text":"or","start":9348.85,"end":9349.17},{"text":"suggesting","start":9349.17,"end":9349.81},{"text":"to","start":9349.81,"end":9349.97},{"text":"the","start":9349.97,"end":9350.09},{"text":"operator","start":9350.09,"end":9350.69},{"text":"a","start":9351.57,"end":9351.65},{"text":"list","start":9351.65,"end":9352.05},{"text":"of","start":9352.05,"end":9352.29},{"text":"targets.","start":9352.29,"end":9352.93}]},{"text":"The delegation of Bangladesh also recalled another dimension of risk in this language, which is the fact that it would exclude systems that introduce or could introduce temporal decoupling between the decision to engage the target and the actual engagement.","start":9354.29,"end":9374.29,"topics":[{"key":"human-target-selection","label":"Human Involvement in Target Selection","description":"A central issue was how to distinguish systems that autonomously identify and select targets from systems where humans choose the specific target. Speakers discussed target lists, target characteristics, target profiles, and whether the text should exclude systems such as homing or fire-and-forget munitions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9354.29,"end":9354.33},{"text":"delegation","start":9354.33,"end":9354.77},{"text":"of","start":9354.77,"end":9354.89},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":9354.89,"end":9355.49},{"text":"also","start":9355.49,"end":9355.97},{"text":"recalled","start":9355.97,"end":9356.37},{"text":"another","start":9356.37,"end":9356.85},{"text":"dimension","start":9356.85,"end":9357.45},{"text":"of","start":9357.45,"end":9357.57},{"text":"risk","start":9357.57,"end":9357.97},{"text":"in","start":9357.97,"end":9358.13},{"text":"this","start":9358.13,"end":9358.29},{"text":"language,","start":9358.29,"end":9358.73},{"text":"which","start":9358.73,"end":9359.09},{"text":"is","start":9359.09,"end":9359.41},{"text":"the","start":9359.41,"end":9359.49},{"text":"fact","start":9359.49,"end":9359.97},{"text":"that","start":9359.97,"end":9360.21},{"text":"it","start":9360.21,"end":9360.29},{"text":"would","start":9360.29,"end":9360.69},{"text":"exclude","start":9360.69,"end":9361.25},{"text":"systems","start":9361.25,"end":9362.05},{"text":"that","start":9362.53,"end":9363.01},{"text":"introduce","start":9363.25,"end":9364.21},{"text":"or","start":9364.45,"end":9364.61},{"text":"could","start":9364.61,"end":9364.93},{"text":"introduce","start":9364.93,"end":9365.65},{"text":"temporal","start":9366.21,"end":9367.09},{"text":"decoupling","start":9368.05,"end":9368.77},{"text":"between","start":9368.77,"end":9369.17},{"text":"the","start":9369.17,"end":9369.29},{"text":"decision","start":9369.29,"end":9370.05},{"text":"to","start":9370.05,"end":9370.29},{"text":"engage","start":9370.53,"end":9371.01},{"text":"the","start":9371.01,"end":9371.09},{"text":"target","start":9371.09,"end":9371.65},{"text":"and","start":9371.97,"end":9372.09},{"text":"the","start":9372.09,"end":9372.17},{"text":"actual","start":9372.17,"end":9372.69},{"text":"engagement.","start":9373.17,"end":9374.29}]},{"text":"These are the reasons why my delegation has expressed discomfort with this formulation.","start":9375.17,"end":9380.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9375.17,"end":9375.65},{"text":"are","start":9375.65,"end":9375.81},{"text":"the","start":9375.81,"end":9375.89},{"text":"reasons","start":9375.89,"end":9376.25},{"text":"why","start":9376.25,"end":9376.69},{"text":"my","start":9377.09,"end":9377.25},{"text":"delegation","start":9377.25,"end":9377.73},{"text":"has","start":9377.73,"end":9377.93},{"text":"expressed","start":9377.93,"end":9378.53},{"text":"discomfort","start":9378.93,"end":9379.57},{"text":"with","start":9379.57,"end":9379.77},{"text":"this","start":9379.77,"end":9379.97},{"text":"formulation.","start":9379.97,"end":9380.69}]},{"text":"As we mentioned before, we are ready to discuss possible alternatives.","start":9381.17,"end":9386.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9381.17,"end":9381.65},{"text":"we","start":9381.73,"end":9381.97},{"text":"mentioned","start":9381.97,"end":9382.33},{"text":"before,","start":9382.33,"end":9382.85},{"text":"we","start":9382.85,"end":9383.09},{"text":"are","start":9383.09,"end":9383.49},{"text":"ready","start":9383.65,"end":9384.01},{"text":"to","start":9384.01,"end":9384.29},{"text":"discuss","start":9384.61,"end":9385.25},{"text":"possible","start":9385.25,"end":9385.65},{"text":"alternatives.","start":9385.65,"end":9386.45}]},{"text":"And the suggestions made by Pakistan and ICRC mitigate some of these risks, but we still believe that they are there.","start":9386.93,"end":9396.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9386.93,"end":9387.65},{"text":"the","start":9387.89,"end":9388.21},{"text":"suggestions","start":9388.53,"end":9389.17},{"text":"made","start":9389.17,"end":9389.41},{"text":"by","start":9389.41,"end":9389.57},{"text":"Pakistan","start":9389.57,"end":9390.29},{"text":"and","start":9390.29,"end":9390.41},{"text":"ICRC","start":9390.41,"end":9391.25},{"text":"mitigate","start":9391.65,"end":9392.21},{"text":"some","start":9392.21,"end":9392.37},{"text":"of","start":9392.37,"end":9392.45},{"text":"these","start":9392.45,"end":9392.69},{"text":"risks,","start":9392.69,"end":9393.17},{"text":"but","start":9393.17,"end":9393.41},{"text":"we","start":9393.41,"end":9393.57},{"text":"still","start":9393.57,"end":9394.05},{"text":"believe","start":9394.05,"end":9394.53},{"text":"that","start":9394.53,"end":9394.85},{"text":"they","start":9394.85,"end":9395.17},{"text":"are","start":9395.17,"end":9395.65},{"text":"there.","start":9395.81,"end":9396.29}]},{"text":"On the issue of lethality, once again, my delegation agrees with the reasoning expressed by the delegate of Pakistan.","start":9397.65,"end":9406.93,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. This debate focused on whether adding such language would close loopholes or unnecessarily narrow the scope."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9397.65,"end":9397.89},{"text":"the","start":9398.29,"end":9398.41},{"text":"issue","start":9399.09,"end":9399.41},{"text":"of","start":9399.41,"end":9399.53},{"text":"lethality,","start":9399.53,"end":9400.29},{"text":"once","start":9400.29,"end":9400.53},{"text":"again,","start":9400.53,"end":9400.93},{"text":"my","start":9401.09,"end":9401.25},{"text":"delegation","start":9401.25,"end":9401.85},{"text":"agrees","start":9401.85,"end":9402.37},{"text":"with","start":9402.37,"end":9402.53},{"text":"the","start":9402.53,"end":9402.61},{"text":"reasoning","start":9402.61,"end":9403.33},{"text":"expressed","start":9404.69,"end":9405.17},{"text":"by","start":9405.17,"end":9405.41},{"text":"the","start":9405.41,"end":9405.57},{"text":"delegate","start":9405.57,"end":9405.97},{"text":"of","start":9405.97,"end":9406.13},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":9406.13,"end":9406.93}]},{"text":"The inclusion of the word lethal in the chapeau, to our view, already makes it clear that the systems we are talking about here are those that are able to exert destructive force, including the lethality elements in the second part of the chapeau.","start":9407.69,"end":9430.41,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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US.","start":9451.65,"end":9455.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9451.65,"end":9452.05},{"text":"on","start":9452.49,"end":9452.57},{"text":"my","start":9452.57,"end":9452.69},{"text":"list","start":9452.69,"end":9453.05},{"text":"is","start":9453.09,"end":9453.41},{"text":"the","start":9453.41,"end":9453.61},{"text":"Russian","start":9453.61,"end":9453.81},{"text":"Federation,","start":9453.81,"end":9454.37},{"text":"to","start":9454.37,"end":9454.49},{"text":"be","start":9454.49,"end":9454.85},{"text":"followed","start":9454.85,"end":9455.13},{"text":"by","start":9455.13,"end":9455.25},{"text":"the","start":9455.25,"end":9455.45},{"text":"US.","start":9455.45,"end":9455.65}]},{"text":"But first, the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation, you 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Chair.","start":9461.85,"end":9464.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9461.85,"end":9462.05},{"text":"you","start":9462.05,"end":9462.13},{"text":"very","start":9462.13,"end":9462.33},{"text":"much,","start":9462.33,"end":9462.81},{"text":"distinguished","start":9462.81,"end":9463.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":9463.77,"end":9464.17}]},{"text":"We would like to put on record that we categorically disagree with the arguments that were presented by the delegation of 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far as the notion of lethality is concerned, and if to simplify, the concept of leading to a loss of life or inflicting loss of life.","start":9478.49,"end":9489.81,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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while we don't agree with the legal point that the Austrian delegation made about this concept of lethality being outside of the scope of IHL, and to the extent that it would be useful, we would point delegations to the U.S. statement of ratification to amended protocol two of this convention, where we actually do specify and clarify our position on that very point.","start":9788.09,"end":9813.33,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-criterion","label":"How to Reflect Lethality in the Definition","description":"Several delegations argued over whether the definition should explicitly state that the systems can cause death, inflict lethal force, or target persons, while others said lethality is already sufficiently addressed elsewhere in the text. 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for us, is actually not the issue at all.","start":9814.77,"end":9817.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This,","start":9814.77,"end":9815.17},{"text":"for","start":9815.17,"end":9815.41},{"text":"us,","start":9815.41,"end":9815.57},{"text":"is","start":9815.57,"end":9815.73},{"text":"actually","start":9815.73,"end":9816.25},{"text":"not","start":9816.25,"end":9816.53},{"text":"the","start":9816.53,"end":9816.65},{"text":"issue","start":9816.65,"end":9817.01},{"text":"at","start":9817.01,"end":9817.09},{"text":"all.","start":9817.09,"end":9817.49}]},{"text":"For us, the primary issue here is, or primarily, this is not a legal 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