{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1y/k1ys303cna","kaltura_id":"1_ys303cna","title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1075th meeting","clean_title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1075th meeting","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna","date":"2025-05-05T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-05-05T13:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"04:23:02","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"64th session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1y/k1ys303cna"},"metadata":{"summary":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session","description":null,"categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","Subsidiary organs of the General Assembly","Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS - UNOOSA"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs","url":"https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/lsc/2025/index.html"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-5-pro-0826ce0b-4f1f-4ddb-81ff-fd4469c56107","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1556.318,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=1557","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon.","start":1556.318,"end":1556.898,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1556.318,"end":1556.447},{"text":"afternoon.","start":1556.447,"end":1556.898}]},{"text":"Good afternoon, distinguished delegates.","start":1568.46,"end":1569.998,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1568.46,"end":1568.605},{"text":"afternoon,","start":1568.605,"end":1569.075},{"text":"distinguished","start":1569.107,"end":1569.512},{"text":"delegates.","start":1569.512,"end":1569.998}]},{"text":"I now declare open the 1,075th meeting of the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.","start":1571.456,"end":1579.761,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1571.456,"end":1571.472},{"text":"now","start":1571.472,"end":1571.65},{"text":"declare","start":1571.698,"end":1572.103},{"text":"open","start":1572.168,"end":1572.427},{"text":"the","start":1572.427,"end":1572.589},{"text":"1,075th","start":1572.589,"end":1574.5},{"text":"meeting","start":1574.532,"end":1574.873},{"text":"of","start":1574.937,"end":1575.034},{"text":"the","start":1575.083,"end":1575.245},{"text":"Legal","start":1575.245,"end":1575.601},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":1575.601,"end":1576.346},{"text":"of","start":1577.5,"end":1577.632},{"text":"the","start":1577.649,"end":1577.748},{"text":"Committee","start":1577.748,"end":1578.16},{"text":"on","start":1578.16,"end":1578.259},{"text":"the","start":1578.259,"end":1578.391},{"text":"Peaceful","start":1578.391,"end":1578.721},{"text":"Uses","start":1578.721,"end":1579.035},{"text":"of","start":1579.134,"end":1579.233},{"text":"Outer","start":1579.233,"end":1579.464},{"text":"Space.","start":1579.464,"end":1579.761}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, This afternoon we will continue our consideration of agenda item 3, general exchange of views.","start":1587.516,"end":1596.233,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1587.516,"end":1587.93},{"text":"delegates,","start":1587.93,"end":1588.328},{"text":"This","start":1590.646,"end":1590.809},{"text":"afternoon","start":1590.809,"end":1591.247},{"text":"we","start":1591.312,"end":1591.393},{"text":"will","start":1591.393,"end":1591.507},{"text":"continue","start":1591.556,"end":1592.027},{"text":"our","start":1592.027,"end":1592.189},{"text":"consideration","start":1592.189,"end":1592.823},{"text":"of","start":1592.855,"end":1592.936},{"text":"agenda","start":1592.936,"end":1593.261},{"text":"item","start":1593.342,"end":1593.732},{"text":"3,","start":1593.732,"end":1594.17},{"text":"general","start":1594.804,"end":1595.226},{"text":"exchange","start":1595.307,"end":1595.843},{"text":"of","start":1595.843,"end":1595.924},{"text":"views.","start":1595.924,"end":1596.233}]},{"text":"And as agreed at this morning's session, time permitting, we will also begin our consideration of agenda item 4, which is information on the activities of international governmental 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non-governmental organizations relating to space law, relating to space law.","start":1615.019,"end":1624.001,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1615.019,"end":1615.361},{"text":"non-governmental","start":1615.361,"end":1616.465},{"text":"organizations","start":1616.498,"end":1617.278},{"text":"relating","start":1617.798,"end":1618.204},{"text":"to","start":1618.204,"end":1618.334},{"text":"space","start":1618.35,"end":1618.642},{"text":"law,","start":1618.772,"end":1619},{"text":"relating","start":1622.856,"end":1623.237},{"text":"to","start":1623.27,"end":1623.387},{"text":"space","start":1623.42,"end":1623.718},{"text":"law.","start":1623.835,"end":1624.001}]},{"text":"We also will have one technical presentation this afternoon.","start":1629.577,"end":1632.642,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1629.577,"end":1629.74},{"text":"also","start":1629.74,"end":1630.034},{"text":"will","start":1630.131,"end":1630.229},{"text":"have","start":1630.229,"end":1630.441},{"text":"one","start":1630.474,"end":1630.604},{"text":"technical","start":1630.718,"end":1631.191},{"text":"presentation","start":1631.207,"end":1631.892},{"text":"this","start":1631.925,"end":1632.039},{"text":"afternoon.","start":1632.169,"end":1632.642}]},{"text":"And once again, as delegations are aware, the schedule of technical presentations is available on the session webpage and in the daily 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there any questions or any comments on this proposed schedule?","start":1646.681,"end":1649.72,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":1646.681,"end":1646.762},{"text":"there","start":1646.762,"end":1646.859},{"text":"any","start":1646.859,"end":1646.988},{"text":"questions","start":1647.085,"end":1647.635},{"text":"or","start":1647.732,"end":1647.829},{"text":"any","start":1647.829,"end":1648.039},{"text":"comments","start":1648.055,"end":1648.556},{"text":"on","start":1648.556,"end":1648.637},{"text":"this","start":1648.637,"end":1648.799},{"text":"proposed","start":1648.799,"end":1649.17},{"text":"schedule?","start":1649.203,"end":1649.72}]},{"text":"I see none.","start":1653.766,"end":1654.362,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1653.766,"end":1653.782},{"text":"see","start":1653.832,"end":1654.014},{"text":"none.","start":1654.014,"end":1654.362}]},{"text":"And so with that, we can move on to consider— to continue our consideration of General Exchange of Views, Item 3. I now turn to the list of speakers, and the first speaker The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia.","start":1656.64,"end":1677.726,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1656.64,"end":1656.721},{"text":"so","start":1656.721,"end":1656.803},{"text":"with","start":1656.819,"end":1656.917},{"text":"that,","start":1656.917,"end":1657.259},{"text":"we","start":1658.139,"end":1658.221},{"text":"can","start":1658.286,"end":1658.514},{"text":"move","start":1658.612,"end":1658.791},{"text":"on","start":1658.791,"end":1659.003},{"text":"to","start":1659.867,"end":1659.982},{"text":"consider—","start":1660.014,"end":1660.536},{"text":"to","start":1660.829,"end":1660.992},{"text":"continue","start":1660.992,"end":1661.384},{"text":"our","start":1661.384,"end":1661.433},{"text":"consideration","start":1661.547,"end":1662.052},{"text":"of","start":1662.052,"end":1662.181},{"text":"General","start":1662.213,"end":1662.745},{"text":"Exchange","start":1662.874,"end":1663.277},{"text":"of","start":1663.277,"end":1663.325},{"text":"Views,","start":1663.325,"end":1663.551},{"text":"Item","start":1663.647,"end":1663.841},{"text":"3.","start":1663.889,"end":1664.066},{"text":"I","start":1668.241,"end":1668.273},{"text":"now","start":1668.273,"end":1668.45},{"text":"turn","start":1668.483,"end":1668.692},{"text":"to","start":1668.724,"end":1668.805},{"text":"the","start":1668.805,"end":1668.902},{"text":"list","start":1668.902,"end":1669.144},{"text":"of","start":1669.144,"end":1669.208},{"text":"speakers,","start":1669.208,"end":1669.692},{"text":"and","start":1669.708,"end":1669.788},{"text":"the","start":1669.788,"end":1669.837},{"text":"first","start":1669.869,"end":1670.127},{"text":"speaker","start":1670.127,"end":1670.385},{"text":"The","start":1670.26,"end":1670.324},{"text":"next","start":1670.324,"end":1670.421},{"text":"speaker","start":1670.421,"end":1670.583},{"text":"on","start":1670.599,"end":1670.696},{"text":"my","start":1670.696,"end":1670.841},{"text":"list","start":1670.841,"end":1671.262},{"text":"is","start":1671.326,"end":1671.391},{"text":"the","start":1671.504,"end":1671.666},{"text":"distinguished","start":1671.666,"end":1672.215},{"text":"representative","start":1672.215,"end":1673.007},{"text":"of","start":1673.508,"end":1673.815},{"text":"Saudi","start":1676.207,"end":1676.595},{"text":"Arabia.","start":1676.595,"end":1677.726}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":1678.357,"end":1679.1,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1678.357,"end":1678.518},{"text":"have","start":1678.518,"end":1678.632},{"text":"the","start":1678.68,"end":1678.761},{"text":"floor.","start":1678.761,"end":1679.1}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":1686.82,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=1687","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Your Excellency, the chairperson of the 64th session of the subcommittee, uh, legal subcommittee of the peaceful use of outer space, ladies and gentlemen, peace and blessings be upon you.","start":1686.82,"end":1699.718,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Your","start":1686.82,"end":1686.933},{"text":"Excellency,","start":1686.933,"end":1687.55},{"text":"the","start":1688.069,"end":1688.247},{"text":"chairperson","start":1688.247,"end":1688.993},{"text":"of","start":1689.107,"end":1689.22},{"text":"the","start":1689.22,"end":1689.285},{"text":"64th","start":1689.301,"end":1690.648},{"text":"session","start":1690.68,"end":1691.313},{"text":"of","start":1691.394,"end":1691.605},{"text":"the","start":1691.702,"end":1691.897},{"text":"subcommittee,","start":1691.897,"end":1692.611},{"text":"uh,","start":1693.76,"end":1693.776},{"text":"legal","start":1693.792,"end":1694.033},{"text":"subcommittee","start":1694.033,"end":1694.919},{"text":"of","start":1695.064,"end":1695.193},{"text":"the","start":1695.241,"end":1695.467},{"text":"peaceful","start":1695.467,"end":1696.143},{"text":"use","start":1696.191,"end":1696.401},{"text":"of","start":1696.594,"end":1696.9},{"text":"outer","start":1696.997,"end":1697.238},{"text":"space,","start":1697.238,"end":1697.544},{"text":"ladies","start":1697.641,"end":1697.882},{"text":"and","start":1697.882,"end":1698.044},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1698.044,"end":1698.43},{"text":"peace","start":1698.462,"end":1698.623},{"text":"and","start":1698.623,"end":1698.704},{"text":"blessings","start":1698.704,"end":1699.074},{"text":"be","start":1699.171,"end":1699.268},{"text":"upon","start":1699.268,"end":1699.574},{"text":"you.","start":1699.574,"end":1699.718}]},{"text":"At the outset, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia extends its sincere thanks to the chairperson of the committee, Mr. Santiago Ripoll Carola, for his efforts to facilitate this committee and issuing its report.","start":1700.142,"end":1713.176,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":1700.142,"end":1700.222},{"text":"the","start":1700.222,"end":1700.35},{"text":"outset,","start":1700.447,"end":1700.864},{"text":"the","start":1700.928,"end":1701.024},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1701.024,"end":1701.346},{"text":"of","start":1701.346,"end":1701.378},{"text":"Saudi","start":1701.378,"end":1701.747},{"text":"Arabia","start":1701.747,"end":1702.212},{"text":"extends","start":1702.212,"end":1702.63},{"text":"its","start":1702.63,"end":1702.774},{"text":"sincere","start":1702.774,"end":1703.288},{"text":"thanks","start":1703.416,"end":1703.866},{"text":"to","start":1704.155,"end":1704.267},{"text":"the","start":1704.315,"end":1704.395},{"text":"chairperson","start":1704.46,"end":1705.567},{"text":"of","start":1705.824,"end":1705.985},{"text":"the","start":1705.985,"end":1706.161},{"text":"committee,","start":1706.161,"end":1706.627},{"text":"Mr.","start":1706.643,"end":1706.9},{"text":"Santiago","start":1706.964,"end":1707.526},{"text":"Ripoll","start":1707.526,"end":1707.863},{"text":"Carola,","start":1707.991,"end":1708.328},{"text":"for","start":1708.344,"end":1708.569},{"text":"his","start":1708.569,"end":1708.697},{"text":"efforts","start":1708.794,"end":1709.211},{"text":"to","start":1709.211,"end":1709.243},{"text":"facilitate","start":1709.291,"end":1710.11},{"text":"this","start":1710.479,"end":1710.752},{"text":"committee","start":1710.977,"end":1711.426},{"text":"and","start":1711.763,"end":1711.828},{"text":"issuing","start":1711.924,"end":1712.181},{"text":"its","start":1712.277,"end":1712.502},{"text":"report.","start":1712.502,"end":1713.176}]},{"text":"This will contribute to improve and develop the international space law and achieve its interests.","start":1713.69,"end":1720.496,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1713.69,"end":1713.93},{"text":"will","start":1713.93,"end":1714.091},{"text":"contribute","start":1714.091,"end":1714.926},{"text":"to","start":1715.07,"end":1715.199},{"text":"improve","start":1716.274,"end":1717.045},{"text":"and","start":1717.542,"end":1717.606},{"text":"develop","start":1717.799,"end":1718.377},{"text":"the","start":1718.425,"end":1718.505},{"text":"international","start":1718.505,"end":1718.987},{"text":"space","start":1718.987,"end":1719.292},{"text":"law","start":1719.388,"end":1719.484},{"text":"and","start":1719.484,"end":1719.629},{"text":"achieve","start":1719.629,"end":1719.902},{"text":"its","start":1719.95,"end":1720.111},{"text":"interests.","start":1720.111,"end":1720.496}]},{"text":"Chairman, Kingdom Saudi Arabia strives to achieving governance and national governance in the space sector.","start":1721.009,"end":1727.655,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":1721.009,"end":1721.363},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1721.973,"end":1722.262},{"text":"Saudi","start":1722.294,"end":1722.615},{"text":"Arabia","start":1722.647,"end":1723.016},{"text":"strives","start":1723.016,"end":1723.626},{"text":"to","start":1723.819,"end":1723.963},{"text":"achieving","start":1723.979,"end":1724.669},{"text":"governance","start":1724.862,"end":1725.456},{"text":"and","start":1725.568,"end":1725.793},{"text":"national","start":1726.002,"end":1726.371},{"text":"governance","start":1726.371,"end":1726.788},{"text":"in","start":1726.788,"end":1726.868},{"text":"the","start":1726.868,"end":1726.949},{"text":"space","start":1726.949,"end":1727.27},{"text":"sector.","start":1727.27,"end":1727.655}]},{"text":"The Communications, Space and Technology Commission has been assigned with the regulatory and supervisory responsibilities of the civil space sector in order to improve the regulatory sector and stimulate the private sector.","start":1728.168,"end":1741.473,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1728.168,"end":1728.409},{"text":"Communications,","start":1728.457,"end":1729.162},{"text":"Space","start":1729.178,"end":1729.435},{"text":"and","start":1729.435,"end":1729.515},{"text":"Technology","start":1729.515,"end":1730.14},{"text":"Commission","start":1730.14,"end":1730.557},{"text":"has","start":1730.557,"end":1730.685},{"text":"been","start":1730.781,"end":1730.941},{"text":"assigned","start":1730.941,"end":1731.679},{"text":"with","start":1732.08,"end":1732.256},{"text":"the","start":1732.256,"end":1732.48},{"text":"regulatory","start":1732.705,"end":1733.346},{"text":"and","start":1733.362,"end":1733.442},{"text":"supervisory","start":1733.442,"end":1734.083},{"text":"responsibilities","start":1734.083,"end":1734.853},{"text":"of","start":1734.949,"end":1735.029},{"text":"the","start":1735.029,"end":1735.109},{"text":"civil","start":1735.109,"end":1735.446},{"text":"space","start":1735.446,"end":1735.847},{"text":"sector","start":1735.847,"end":1736.264},{"text":"in","start":1736.552,"end":1736.6},{"text":"order","start":1736.648,"end":1736.889},{"text":"to","start":1736.969,"end":1737.097},{"text":"improve","start":1737.193,"end":1737.883},{"text":"the","start":1737.931,"end":1738.171},{"text":"regulatory","start":1738.171,"end":1738.941},{"text":"sector","start":1739.053,"end":1739.454},{"text":"and","start":1739.454,"end":1739.87},{"text":"stimulate","start":1739.95,"end":1740.496},{"text":"the","start":1740.496,"end":1740.576},{"text":"private","start":1740.64,"end":1741.041},{"text":"sector.","start":1741.041,"end":1741.473}]},{"text":"The Saudi Space Agency represents another pillar of the kingdom's strategic approach with regards to space.","start":1742.099,"end":1749.424,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1742.099,"end":1742.291},{"text":"Saudi","start":1742.515,"end":1742.948},{"text":"Space","start":1742.98,"end":1743.333},{"text":"Agency","start":1743.381,"end":1743.942},{"text":"represents","start":1743.942,"end":1744.487},{"text":"another","start":1744.487,"end":1744.92},{"text":"pillar","start":1744.984,"end":1745.321},{"text":"of","start":1745.385,"end":1745.593},{"text":"the","start":1745.625,"end":1745.866},{"text":"kingdom's","start":1746.427,"end":1747.116},{"text":"strategic","start":1747.196,"end":1747.773},{"text":"approach","start":1747.773,"end":1748.35},{"text":"with","start":1748.431,"end":1748.575},{"text":"regards","start":1748.575,"end":1748.767},{"text":"to","start":1748.767,"end":1748.927},{"text":"space.","start":1748.927,"end":1749.424}]},{"text":"The agency is responsible for implementing national initiatives of relevance in order to achieve our ambitions in space.","start":1749.793,"end":1757.087,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1749.793,"end":1749.937},{"text":"agency","start":1750.018,"end":1750.402},{"text":"is","start":1750.45,"end":1750.563},{"text":"responsible","start":1750.579,"end":1751.124},{"text":"for","start":1751.156,"end":1751.3},{"text":"implementing","start":1751.396,"end":1752.246},{"text":"national","start":1752.278,"end":1752.935},{"text":"initiatives","start":1753.945,"end":1754.41},{"text":"of","start":1754.506,"end":1754.618},{"text":"relevance","start":1754.618,"end":1755.147},{"text":"in","start":1755.147,"end":1755.227},{"text":"order","start":1755.227,"end":1755.404},{"text":"to","start":1755.404,"end":1755.452},{"text":"achieve","start":1755.484,"end":1755.788},{"text":"our","start":1755.788,"end":1755.901},{"text":"ambitions","start":1755.965,"end":1756.414},{"text":"in","start":1756.446,"end":1756.51},{"text":"space.","start":1756.606,"end":1757.087}]},{"text":"Ladies and gentlemen, Saudi Arabia is fully fully committed to key international treaties regulating space activities.","start":1757.407,"end":1764.348,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":1757.407,"end":1757.696},{"text":"and","start":1757.728,"end":1757.888},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1757.888,"end":1758.417},{"text":"Saudi","start":1758.61,"end":1758.994},{"text":"Arabia","start":1758.994,"end":1759.331},{"text":"is","start":1759.331,"end":1759.363},{"text":"fully","start":1759.363,"end":1759.54},{"text":"fully","start":1759.54,"end":1759.7},{"text":"committed","start":1759.828,"end":1760.453},{"text":"to","start":1760.453,"end":1760.726},{"text":"key","start":1761.255,"end":1761.351},{"text":"international","start":1761.575,"end":1762.361},{"text":"treaties","start":1762.361,"end":1762.745},{"text":"regulating","start":1762.777,"end":1763.387},{"text":"space","start":1763.435,"end":1763.755},{"text":"activities.","start":1763.755,"end":1764.348}]},{"text":"This includes the Outer Space Treaty, 1967; the Convention on International Liability for Damages, 1972; and the Convention on the Registration of Objects Launched into Space, 1976; and the Rescue Agreement, 1968, as part of its keenness on the peaceful uses of outer space.","start":1764.941,"end":1786.693,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1764.941,"end":1765.166},{"text":"includes","start":1765.166,"end":1765.871},{"text":"the","start":1765.983,"end":1766.128},{"text":"Outer","start":1766.128,"end":1766.384},{"text":"Space","start":1766.384,"end":1766.865},{"text":"Treaty,","start":1766.929,"end":1767.314},{"text":"1967;","start":1767.827,"end":1768.965},{"text":"the","start":1769.494,"end":1769.59},{"text":"Convention","start":1769.59,"end":1770.183},{"text":"on","start":1770.295,"end":1770.391},{"text":"International","start":1770.391,"end":1771.049},{"text":"Liability","start":1771.193,"end":1771.802},{"text":"for","start":1771.818,"end":1771.946},{"text":"Damages,","start":1771.994,"end":1772.684},{"text":"1972;","start":1772.876,"end":1774.831},{"text":"and","start":1774.96,"end":1775.04},{"text":"the","start":1775.04,"end":1775.12},{"text":"Convention","start":1775.184,"end":1775.633},{"text":"on","start":1775.681,"end":1775.761},{"text":"the","start":1775.761,"end":1775.905},{"text":"Registration","start":1775.905,"end":1776.434},{"text":"of","start":1776.482,"end":1776.579},{"text":"Objects","start":1776.627,"end":1777.156},{"text":"Launched","start":1777.156,"end":1777.444},{"text":"into","start":1777.444,"end":1777.685},{"text":"Space,","start":1777.685,"end":1778.069},{"text":"1976;","start":1778.101,"end":1779.432},{"text":"and","start":1779.448,"end":1779.528},{"text":"the","start":1779.528,"end":1779.672},{"text":"Rescue","start":1779.672,"end":1780.057},{"text":"Agreement,","start":1780.073,"end":1780.506},{"text":"1968,","start":1780.57,"end":1781.692},{"text":"as","start":1781.997,"end":1782.061},{"text":"part","start":1782.157,"end":1782.493},{"text":"of","start":1782.493,"end":1782.702},{"text":"its","start":1782.798,"end":1783.071},{"text":"keenness","start":1783.439,"end":1783.968},{"text":"on","start":1784,"end":1784.128},{"text":"the","start":1784.177,"end":1784.417},{"text":"peaceful","start":1784.481,"end":1785.459},{"text":"uses","start":1785.459,"end":1785.747},{"text":"of","start":1785.78,"end":1785.924},{"text":"outer","start":1785.924,"end":1786.18},{"text":"space.","start":1786.18,"end":1786.693}]},{"text":"Concerning regulatory excellence, the CST continues to work on issuing a space system that is based on the foundations of space international law and the aforementioned treaties.","start":1787.182,"end":1800.102,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Concerning","start":1787.182,"end":1787.953},{"text":"regulatory","start":1788.708,"end":1789.207},{"text":"excellence,","start":1789.432,"end":1790.332},{"text":"the","start":1790.46,"end":1790.557},{"text":"CST","start":1790.557,"end":1791.183},{"text":"continues","start":1791.183,"end":1791.73},{"text":"to","start":1791.939,"end":1792.051},{"text":"work","start":1792.148,"end":1792.405},{"text":"on","start":1792.791,"end":1792.855},{"text":"issuing","start":1792.951,"end":1793.417},{"text":"a","start":1793.594,"end":1793.61},{"text":"space","start":1793.61,"end":1794.012},{"text":"system","start":1794.012,"end":1794.591},{"text":"that","start":1795.057,"end":1795.217},{"text":"is","start":1795.217,"end":1795.346},{"text":"based","start":1795.458,"end":1795.924},{"text":"on","start":1795.924,"end":1795.973},{"text":"the","start":1796.021,"end":1796.101},{"text":"foundations","start":1796.15,"end":1796.908},{"text":"of","start":1796.908,"end":1797.005},{"text":"space","start":1797.005,"end":1797.392},{"text":"international","start":1797.456,"end":1798.15},{"text":"law","start":1798.263,"end":1798.36},{"text":"and","start":1798.602,"end":1798.731},{"text":"the","start":1798.763,"end":1798.908},{"text":"aforementioned","start":1798.908,"end":1799.635},{"text":"treaties.","start":1799.635,"end":1800.102}]},{"text":"It was presented for input from the public, as well as the public and private sector.","start":1800.78,"end":1807.324,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1800.78,"end":1800.925},{"text":"was","start":1800.925,"end":1801.071},{"text":"presented","start":1801.183,"end":1801.91},{"text":"for","start":1802.071,"end":1802.264},{"text":"input","start":1802.474,"end":1803.797},{"text":"from","start":1803.83,"end":1804.088},{"text":"the","start":1804.088,"end":1804.249},{"text":"public,","start":1804.249,"end":1804.798},{"text":"as","start":1805.12,"end":1805.185},{"text":"well","start":1805.282,"end":1805.411},{"text":"as","start":1805.524,"end":1805.669},{"text":"the","start":1805.782,"end":1805.862},{"text":"public","start":1805.862,"end":1806.264},{"text":"and","start":1806.264,"end":1806.376},{"text":"private","start":1806.424,"end":1806.891},{"text":"sector.","start":1806.891,"end":1807.324}]},{"text":"Saudi is also working, represented by CST, on developing multiple regulatory and guidance documents to build an inclusive regulatory framework for space.","start":1809.896,"end":1821.374,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"Saudi","start":1809.896,"end":1810.33},{"text":"is","start":1810.507,"end":1810.571},{"text":"also","start":1810.764,"end":1811.728},{"text":"working,","start":1812.13,"end":1812.467},{"text":"represented","start":1812.596,"end":1813.416},{"text":"by","start":1813.416,"end":1813.512},{"text":"CST,","start":1813.657,"end":1814.396},{"text":"on","start":1814.541,"end":1814.653},{"text":"developing","start":1814.75,"end":1815.254},{"text":"multiple","start":1815.354,"end":1815.808},{"text":"regulatory","start":1815.808,"end":1816.262},{"text":"and","start":1816.262,"end":1816.312},{"text":"guidance","start":1816.312,"end":1816.581},{"text":"documents","start":1816.581,"end":1818.832},{"text":"to","start":1818.586,"end":1818.73},{"text":"build","start":1818.746,"end":1818.986},{"text":"an","start":1818.986,"end":1819.034},{"text":"inclusive","start":1819.227,"end":1819.723},{"text":"regulatory","start":1819.723,"end":1820.332},{"text":"framework","start":1820.364,"end":1820.845},{"text":"for","start":1820.845,"end":1821.005},{"text":"space.","start":1821.005,"end":1821.374}]},{"text":"This includes regulations and guidances for operating space objects, manned and unmanned, uh, space flights, space ports, space surveillance and tracking, the National Registry for Space Objects and Launches, as well as the sustainability of Earth and outer space activities and the insurance of space activities while maintaining our commitment to international treaties.","start":1821.566,"end":1848.969,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance 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will also enhance— produce— providing a conducive environment for innovation and investment.","start":1849.066,"end":1855.424,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1849.066,"end":1849.243},{"text":"will","start":1849.243,"end":1849.469},{"text":"also","start":1849.469,"end":1849.857},{"text":"enhance—","start":1850.292,"end":1850.825},{"text":"produce—","start":1851.099,"end":1851.599},{"text":"providing","start":1852.132,"end":1852.519},{"text":"a","start":1852.616,"end":1852.632},{"text":"conducive","start":1852.697,"end":1853.132},{"text":"environment","start":1853.181,"end":1853.842},{"text":"for","start":1853.842,"end":1854.036},{"text":"innovation","start":1854.068,"end":1854.569},{"text":"and","start":1854.569,"end":1854.698},{"text":"investment.","start":1854.73,"end":1855.424}]},{"text":"Ladies and gentlemen, to further promote the pioneering role of Saudi in the space sector and to present innovative solutions, the CSC has concluded the Space Technology Entrepreneurship Incubator Program of 2024.","start":1855.779,"end":1868.858,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":1855.779,"end":1856.102},{"text":"and","start":1856.102,"end":1856.215},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1856.263,"end":1856.78},{"text":"to","start":1856.828,"end":1857.183},{"text":"further","start":1857.393,"end":1857.78},{"text":"promote","start":1857.78,"end":1858.216},{"text":"the","start":1858.216,"end":1858.361},{"text":"pioneering","start":1858.361,"end":1858.878},{"text":"role","start":1858.991,"end":1859.055},{"text":"of","start":1859.168,"end":1859.298},{"text":"Saudi","start":1859.314,"end":1859.701},{"text":"in","start":1859.717,"end":1859.782},{"text":"the","start":1859.814,"end":1859.911},{"text":"space","start":1859.911,"end":1860.217},{"text":"sector","start":1860.217,"end":1860.589},{"text":"and","start":1860.928,"end":1861.089},{"text":"to","start":1861.089,"end":1861.266},{"text":"present","start":1861.266,"end":1861.67},{"text":"innovative","start":1861.67,"end":1862.219},{"text":"solutions,","start":1862.251,"end":1862.929},{"text":"the","start":1863.41,"end":1863.442},{"text":"CSC","start":1863.474,"end":1863.908},{"text":"has","start":1863.908,"end":1864.052},{"text":"concluded","start":1864.149,"end":1864.808},{"text":"the","start":1864.952,"end":1865.001},{"text":"Space","start":1865.033,"end":1865.435},{"text":"Technology","start":1865.435,"end":1865.933},{"text":"Entrepreneurship","start":1865.933,"end":1866.753},{"text":"Incubator","start":1866.817,"end":1867.54},{"text":"Program","start":1867.54,"end":1867.91},{"text":"of","start":1867.942,"end":1868.071},{"text":"2024.","start":1868.087,"end":1868.858}]},{"text":"This program is the first of its kind in the Kingdom. 20 space startups from 7 countries worldwide have graduated from the program.","start":1869.389,"end":1880.512,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space 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further enhance the position of Saudi Arabia in the field of space, CSA has released a report titled Space Market in the Kingdom 2025.","start":1881.041,"end":1892.422,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":1881.041,"end":1881.121},{"text":"further","start":1881.121,"end":1881.426},{"text":"enhance","start":1881.522,"end":1881.971},{"text":"the","start":1882.516,"end":1882.74},{"text":"position","start":1882.74,"end":1883.109},{"text":"of","start":1883.366,"end":1883.526},{"text":"Saudi","start":1883.558,"end":1884.007},{"text":"Arabia","start":1884.007,"end":1884.648},{"text":"in","start":1884.969,"end":1885.017},{"text":"the","start":1885.065,"end":1885.209},{"text":"field","start":1885.209,"end":1885.53},{"text":"of","start":1885.53,"end":1885.626},{"text":"space,","start":1885.626,"end":1886.075},{"text":"CSA","start":1886.203,"end":1886.908},{"text":"has","start":1887.213,"end":1887.517},{"text":"released","start":1887.854,"end":1888.255},{"text":"a","start":1888.255,"end":1888.271},{"text":"report","start":1888.351,"end":1888.928},{"text":"titled","start":1888.992,"end":1889.649},{"text":"Space","start":1889.649,"end":1890.146},{"text":"Market","start":1890.258,"end":1890.675},{"text":"in","start":1890.675,"end":1890.723},{"text":"the","start":1890.835,"end":1890.996},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1890.996,"end":1891.396},{"text":"2025.","start":1891.396,"end":1892.422}]},{"text":"This report highlights the most significant developments in domestic and international space markets.","start":1892.919,"end":1899.331,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1892.919,"end":1893.16},{"text":"report","start":1893.16,"end":1893.945},{"text":"highlights","start":1893.945,"end":1894.474},{"text":"the","start":1894.683,"end":1894.763},{"text":"most","start":1894.763,"end":1895.003},{"text":"significant","start":1895.003,"end":1895.644},{"text":"developments","start":1895.644,"end":1896.542},{"text":"in","start":1896.911,"end":1896.959},{"text":"domestic","start":1897.103,"end":1897.584},{"text":"and","start":1897.584,"end":1897.728},{"text":"international","start":1897.728,"end":1898.321},{"text":"space","start":1898.369,"end":1898.754},{"text":"markets.","start":1898.754,"end":1899.331}]},{"text":"This report refers to important figures such as the growth of the international space market at a compound annual rate of 7% and the value of $77 billion by 2035.","start":1899.492,"end":1914.164,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1899.492,"end":1899.604},{"text":"report","start":1899.668,"end":1900.149},{"text":"refers","start":1900.149,"end":1900.422},{"text":"to","start":1900.47,"end":1900.614},{"text":"important","start":1900.614,"end":1901.159},{"text":"figures","start":1901.159,"end":1901.464},{"text":"such","start":1901.496,"end":1901.705},{"text":"as","start":1901.801,"end":1901.945},{"text":"the","start":1902.282,"end":1902.458},{"text":"growth","start":1902.458,"end":1902.827},{"text":"of","start":1902.923,"end":1903.084},{"text":"the","start":1903.084,"end":1903.26},{"text":"international","start":1903.26,"end":1903.933},{"text":"space","start":1904.366,"end":1904.815},{"text":"market","start":1905.184,"end":1905.954},{"text":"at","start":1906.211,"end":1906.371},{"text":"a","start":1906.371,"end":1906.499},{"text":"compound","start":1906.932,"end":1907.525},{"text":"annual","start":1907.574,"end":1907.846},{"text":"rate","start":1907.926,"end":1908.343},{"text":"of","start":1908.616,"end":1908.76},{"text":"7%","start":1908.808,"end":1909.145},{"text":"and","start":1909.658,"end":1910.075},{"text":"the","start":1910.075,"end":1910.171},{"text":"value","start":1910.171,"end":1910.428},{"text":"of","start":1910.476,"end":1910.636},{"text":"$77","start":1910.813,"end":1911.47},{"text":"billion","start":1911.518,"end":1911.951},{"text":"by","start":1912.641,"end":1912.753},{"text":"2035.","start":1913.106,"end":1914.164}]},{"text":"The report also exceeds that the space market in Saudi Arabia exceeds the international space market at a rate of 10% and a value of $5.6 billion by 2035.","start":1914.485,"end":1926.319,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1914.485,"end":1914.565},{"text":"report","start":1914.565,"end":1914.95},{"text":"also","start":1914.95,"end":1915.191},{"text":"exceeds","start":1915.271,"end":1915.736},{"text":"that","start":1915.992,"end":1916.233},{"text":"the","start":1916.233,"end":1916.265},{"text":"space","start":1916.265,"end":1916.634},{"text":"market","start":1916.634,"end":1917.147},{"text":"in","start":1917.195,"end":1917.259},{"text":"Saudi","start":1917.371,"end":1917.852},{"text":"Arabia","start":1917.852,"end":1918.398},{"text":"exceeds","start":1918.799,"end":1920.45},{"text":"the","start":1920.579,"end":1920.723},{"text":"international","start":1920.739,"end":1921.236},{"text":"space","start":1921.236,"end":1921.541},{"text":"market","start":1921.541,"end":1921.942},{"text":"at","start":1922.006,"end":1922.246},{"text":"a","start":1922.246,"end":1922.326},{"text":"rate","start":1922.326,"end":1922.519},{"text":"of","start":1922.519,"end":1922.647},{"text":"10%","start":1922.647,"end":1922.759},{"text":"and","start":1923.064,"end":1923.625},{"text":"a","start":1923.625,"end":1923.641},{"text":"value","start":1923.689,"end":1923.946},{"text":"of","start":1923.946,"end":1924.026},{"text":"$5.6","start":1924.026,"end":1924.78},{"text":"billion","start":1924.908,"end":1925.117},{"text":"by","start":1925.453,"end":1925.55},{"text":"2035.","start":1925.55,"end":1926.319}]},{"text":"If you wish for more information, you can visit the website of CSTO.","start":1927.554,"end":1931.082,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":1927.554,"end":1927.699},{"text":"you","start":1927.699,"end":1927.763},{"text":"wish","start":1927.795,"end":1928.132},{"text":"for","start":1928.212,"end":1928.356},{"text":"more","start":1928.356,"end":1928.532},{"text":"information,","start":1928.532,"end":1929.222},{"text":"you","start":1929.238,"end":1929.398},{"text":"can","start":1929.398,"end":1929.527},{"text":"visit","start":1929.623,"end":1930.024},{"text":"the","start":1930.024,"end":1930.104},{"text":"website","start":1930.104,"end":1930.537},{"text":"of","start":1930.537,"end":1930.601},{"text":"CSTO.","start":1930.601,"end":1931.082}]},{"text":"Ladies and gentlemen, to conclude, Saudi Arabia reaffirms its commitment to supporting the principles of space international law and to constructively contributing to discussions and initiatives as presented by this committee.","start":1931.804,"end":1943.736,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":1931.804,"end":1932.205},{"text":"and","start":1932.205,"end":1932.285},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1932.285,"end":1932.766},{"text":"to","start":1932.83,"end":1932.911},{"text":"conclude,","start":1932.927,"end":1933.456},{"text":"Saudi","start":1933.504,"end":1933.937},{"text":"Arabia","start":1933.953,"end":1934.37},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1934.37,"end":1934.931},{"text":"its","start":1934.931,"end":1935.156},{"text":"commitment","start":1935.156,"end":1935.717},{"text":"to","start":1935.717,"end":1935.813},{"text":"supporting","start":1935.813,"end":1936.342},{"text":"the","start":1936.375,"end":1936.535},{"text":"principles","start":1936.535,"end":1936.984},{"text":"of","start":1937.08,"end":1937.128},{"text":"space","start":1937.16,"end":1937.497},{"text":"international","start":1937.497,"end":1938.107},{"text":"law","start":1938.139,"end":1938.235},{"text":"and","start":1938.844,"end":1938.94},{"text":"to","start":1938.94,"end":1939.101},{"text":"constructively","start":1939.101,"end":1940.031},{"text":"contributing","start":1940.063,"end":1940.672},{"text":"to","start":1940.769,"end":1940.865},{"text":"discussions","start":1940.865,"end":1941.426},{"text":"and","start":1941.426,"end":1941.571},{"text":"initiatives","start":1941.571,"end":1942.164},{"text":"as","start":1942.292,"end":1942.356},{"text":"presented","start":1942.453,"end":1942.886},{"text":"by","start":1942.934,"end":1943.03},{"text":"this","start":1943.03,"end":1943.27},{"text":"committee.","start":1943.27,"end":1943.736}]},{"text":"We look forward to cooperation with all member states and international partners to enhance the peaceful, safe, and sustainable use of outer space.","start":1944.217,"end":1952.107,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1944.217,"end":1944.297},{"text":"look","start":1944.297,"end":1944.457},{"text":"forward","start":1944.457,"end":1944.81},{"text":"to","start":1944.81,"end":1944.954},{"text":"cooperation","start":1944.954,"end":1945.516},{"text":"with","start":1945.516,"end":1945.724},{"text":"all","start":1945.756,"end":1945.917},{"text":"member","start":1945.917,"end":1946.157},{"text":"states","start":1946.157,"end":1946.446},{"text":"and","start":1946.478,"end":1946.622},{"text":"international","start":1946.622,"end":1947.2},{"text":"partners","start":1947.2,"end":1947.649},{"text":"to","start":1947.681,"end":1947.809},{"text":"enhance","start":1947.825,"end":1948.306},{"text":"the","start":1948.306,"end":1948.466},{"text":"peaceful,","start":1948.466,"end":1948.835},{"text":"safe,","start":1949.846,"end":1950.198},{"text":"and","start":1950.391,"end":1950.455},{"text":"sustainable","start":1950.471,"end":1951.016},{"text":"use","start":1951.273,"end":1951.562},{"text":"of","start":1951.61,"end":1951.754},{"text":"outer","start":1951.754,"end":1952.027},{"text":"space.","start":1952.027,"end":1952.107}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1952.155,"end":1952.299,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1952.155,"end":1952.267},{"text":"you.","start":1952.267,"end":1952.299}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1952.581,"end":1953.301,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1952.581,"end":1952.815},{"text":"you","start":1952.815,"end":1952.882},{"text":"very","start":1952.899,"end":1953.05},{"text":"much.","start":1953.1,"end":1953.301}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SAU","affiliation_full":"Saudi Arabia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":1961.091,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=1962","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia for his statement.","start":1961.091,"end":1964.577,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1961.091,"end":1961.237},{"text":"thank","start":1961.237,"end":1961.416},{"text":"the","start":1961.416,"end":1961.48},{"text":"distinguished","start":1961.48,"end":1961.967},{"text":"representative","start":1961.967,"end":1962.648},{"text":"of","start":1962.696,"end":1962.81},{"text":"Saudi","start":1962.81,"end":1963.183},{"text":"Arabia","start":1963.183,"end":1963.685},{"text":"for","start":1963.685,"end":1963.912},{"text":"his","start":1963.912,"end":1964.026},{"text":"statement.","start":1964.026,"end":1964.577}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Chile.","start":1969.142,"end":1973.907,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1969.142,"end":1969.239},{"text":"next","start":1969.239,"end":1969.532},{"text":"speaker","start":1969.532,"end":1969.922},{"text":"on","start":1969.955,"end":1970.02},{"text":"my","start":1970.052,"end":1970.264},{"text":"list","start":1970.264,"end":1970.654},{"text":"is","start":1972.313,"end":1972.362},{"text":"the","start":1972.459,"end":1972.557},{"text":"distinguished","start":1972.557,"end":1972.947},{"text":"representative","start":1972.947,"end":1973.419},{"text":"of","start":1973.451,"end":1973.581},{"text":"Chile.","start":1973.598,"end":1973.907}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":1976.8,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=1977","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":1976.8,"end":1977.708,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1976.8,"end":1976.924},{"text":"you","start":1976.924,"end":1976.995},{"text":"very","start":1976.995,"end":1977.191},{"text":"much,","start":1977.191,"end":1977.423},{"text":"Chair.","start":1977.548,"end":1977.708}]},{"text":"Allow me to begin by commending you upon your election to chair the 64th session of the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.","start":1980.913,"end":1989.464,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":1980.913,"end":1981.026},{"text":"me","start":1981.026,"end":1981.171},{"text":"to","start":1981.171,"end":1981.3},{"text":"begin","start":1981.316,"end":1981.541},{"text":"by","start":1981.654,"end":1981.847},{"text":"commending","start":1981.96,"end":1982.346},{"text":"you","start":1982.362,"end":1982.523},{"text":"upon","start":1982.523,"end":1982.717},{"text":"your","start":1982.717,"end":1982.861},{"text":"election","start":1982.861,"end":1983.312},{"text":"to","start":1983.344,"end":1983.505},{"text":"chair","start":1983.505,"end":1983.86},{"text":"the","start":1983.892,"end":1983.924},{"text":"64th","start":1983.924,"end":1984.6},{"text":"session","start":1984.616,"end":1984.922},{"text":"of","start":1985.26,"end":1985.486},{"text":"the","start":1985.518,"end":1985.679},{"text":"Legal","start":1985.679,"end":1985.952},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":1985.985,"end":1986.693},{"text":"of","start":1987.112,"end":1987.273},{"text":"the","start":1987.273,"end":1987.353},{"text":"Committee","start":1987.353,"end":1987.675},{"text":"on","start":1987.691,"end":1987.74},{"text":"the","start":1987.74,"end":1987.839},{"text":"Peaceful","start":1987.839,"end":1988.187},{"text":"Uses","start":1988.187,"end":1988.519},{"text":"of","start":1988.585,"end":1988.751},{"text":"Outer","start":1988.751,"end":1988.934},{"text":"Space.","start":1988.934,"end":1989.464}]},{"text":"You can count on the full support and commitment of the Chilean delegation for the success of our work.","start":1991.22,"end":1996.888,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1991.22,"end":1991.334},{"text":"can","start":1991.334,"end":1991.562},{"text":"count","start":1991.562,"end":1991.985},{"text":"on","start":1991.985,"end":1992.132},{"text":"the","start":1992.132,"end":1992.229},{"text":"full","start":1992.229,"end":1992.425},{"text":"support","start":1992.49,"end":1993.044},{"text":"and","start":1993.044,"end":1993.174},{"text":"commitment","start":1993.207,"end":1993.777},{"text":"of","start":1993.777,"end":1993.875},{"text":"the","start":1993.875,"end":1993.94},{"text":"Chilean","start":1993.94,"end":1994.315},{"text":"delegation","start":1994.347,"end":1994.966},{"text":"for","start":1995.634,"end":1995.895},{"text":"the","start":1995.895,"end":1995.992},{"text":"success","start":1995.992,"end":1996.334},{"text":"of","start":1996.4,"end":1996.465},{"text":"our","start":1996.465,"end":1996.628},{"text":"work.","start":1996.628,"end":1996.888}]},{"text":"We would also like to thank the Director of the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs, Ms. Arti Holomaini and her team for the excellent preparation for this meeting, as well as for the constant support that they have provided to member states, in particular when it comes to building capacity and legal cooperation.","start":1998.02,"end":2017.663,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1998.02,"end":1998.165},{"text":"would","start":1998.197,"end":1998.439},{"text":"also","start":1998.439,"end":1998.745},{"text":"like","start":1998.777,"end":1999.003},{"text":"to","start":1999.019,"end":1999.197},{"text":"thank","start":1999.197,"end":1999.664},{"text":"the","start":1999.664,"end":1999.761},{"text":"Director","start":1999.761,"end":2000.422},{"text":"of","start":2000.535,"end":2000.761},{"text":"the","start":2000.777,"end":2000.858},{"text":"United","start":2000.858,"end":2001.148},{"text":"Nations","start":2001.148,"end":2001.535},{"text":"Office","start":2001.664,"end":2001.906},{"text":"of","start":2001.906,"end":2002.067},{"text":"Outer","start":2002.067,"end":2002.26},{"text":"Space","start":2002.26,"end":2002.535},{"text":"Affairs,","start":2002.647,"end":2003.018},{"text":"Ms.","start":2003.83,"end":2004.102},{"text":"Arti","start":2004.246,"end":2004.471},{"text":"Holomaini","start":2004.503,"end":2005.192},{"text":"and","start":2005.609,"end":2005.769},{"text":"her","start":2005.769,"end":2005.945},{"text":"team","start":2005.945,"end":2006.234},{"text":"for","start":2007.052,"end":2007.1},{"text":"the","start":2007.1,"end":2007.196},{"text":"excellent","start":2007.228,"end":2007.58},{"text":"preparation","start":2007.629,"end":2008.238},{"text":"for","start":2008.27,"end":2008.43},{"text":"this","start":2008.43,"end":2008.542},{"text":"meeting,","start":2008.654,"end":2008.959},{"text":"as","start":2009.616,"end":2009.68},{"text":"well","start":2009.777,"end":2009.969},{"text":"as","start":2009.969,"end":2010.081},{"text":"for","start":2010.177,"end":2010.37},{"text":"the","start":2010.514,"end":2010.77},{"text":"constant","start":2011.38,"end":2011.796},{"text":"support","start":2011.796,"end":2012.277},{"text":"that","start":2012.277,"end":2012.373},{"text":"they","start":2012.422,"end":2012.518},{"text":"have","start":2012.518,"end":2012.646},{"text":"provided","start":2012.678,"end":2013.079},{"text":"to","start":2013.079,"end":2013.207},{"text":"member","start":2013.223,"end":2013.463},{"text":"states,","start":2013.463,"end":2013.784},{"text":"in","start":2013.8,"end":2013.864},{"text":"particular","start":2013.864,"end":2014.313},{"text":"when","start":2014.505,"end":2014.57},{"text":"it","start":2014.618,"end":2014.746},{"text":"comes","start":2014.746,"end":2015.018},{"text":"to","start":2015.066,"end":2015.163},{"text":"building","start":2015.163,"end":2015.499},{"text":"capacity","start":2015.547,"end":2016.172},{"text":"and","start":2016.269,"end":2016.541},{"text":"legal","start":2016.766,"end":2016.958},{"text":"cooperation.","start":2016.99,"end":2017.663}]},{"text":"Chile restates its staunch commitment to the principles that govern the exploration and utilization of outer space enshrined in the Outer Space Treaty and in the other relevant United Nations instruments.","start":2018.93,"end":2030.615,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Chile","start":2018.93,"end":2019.218},{"text":"restates","start":2019.33,"end":2019.843},{"text":"its","start":2019.956,"end":2020.068},{"text":"staunch","start":2020.068,"end":2020.533},{"text":"commitment","start":2020.533,"end":2020.997},{"text":"to","start":2020.997,"end":2021.094},{"text":"the","start":2021.094,"end":2021.174},{"text":"principles","start":2021.238,"end":2021.751},{"text":"that","start":2021.799,"end":2021.975},{"text":"govern","start":2021.975,"end":2022.328},{"text":"the","start":2022.857,"end":2023.001},{"text":"exploration","start":2023.081,"end":2023.658},{"text":"and","start":2023.658,"end":2023.739},{"text":"utilization","start":2023.803,"end":2024.46},{"text":"of","start":2024.46,"end":2024.604},{"text":"outer","start":2024.604,"end":2024.797},{"text":"space","start":2024.797,"end":2025.229},{"text":"enshrined","start":2025.502,"end":2026.191},{"text":"in","start":2026.528,"end":2026.592},{"text":"the","start":2026.72,"end":2026.912},{"text":"Outer","start":2026.929,"end":2027.185},{"text":"Space","start":2027.185,"end":2027.586},{"text":"Treaty","start":2027.586,"end":2028.035},{"text":"and","start":2028.211,"end":2028.371},{"text":"in","start":2028.371,"end":2028.467},{"text":"the","start":2028.467,"end":2028.676},{"text":"other","start":2028.692,"end":2028.932},{"text":"relevant","start":2028.932,"end":2029.413},{"text":"United","start":2029.413,"end":2029.814},{"text":"Nations","start":2029.814,"end":2030.167},{"text":"instruments.","start":2030.215,"end":2030.615}]},{"text":"We reaffirm that space must be exclusively preserved for peaceful purposes pursuant to international law and for the benefit and interest of all countries regardless of their level of development.","start":2031.595,"end":2042.674,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2031.595,"end":2031.723},{"text":"reaffirm","start":2031.755,"end":2032.285},{"text":"that","start":2032.317,"end":2032.494},{"text":"space","start":2032.494,"end":2032.992},{"text":"must","start":2033.024,"end":2033.233},{"text":"be","start":2033.281,"end":2033.441},{"text":"exclusively","start":2033.441,"end":2034.132},{"text":"preserved","start":2034.164,"end":2034.613},{"text":"for","start":2034.629,"end":2034.806},{"text":"peaceful","start":2034.806,"end":2035.191},{"text":"purposes","start":2035.272,"end":2035.818},{"text":"pursuant","start":2036.251,"end":2036.733},{"text":"to","start":2036.733,"end":2036.861},{"text":"international","start":2036.893,"end":2037.6},{"text":"law","start":2037.6,"end":2037.712},{"text":"and","start":2038.483,"end":2038.611},{"text":"for","start":2038.66,"end":2038.82},{"text":"the","start":2038.82,"end":2038.9},{"text":"benefit","start":2038.9,"end":2039.318},{"text":"and","start":2039.318,"end":2039.446},{"text":"interest","start":2039.446,"end":2039.88},{"text":"of","start":2039.928,"end":2040.024},{"text":"all","start":2040.024,"end":2040.249},{"text":"countries","start":2040.249,"end":2040.795},{"text":"regardless","start":2040.827,"end":2041.373},{"text":"of","start":2041.373,"end":2041.534},{"text":"their","start":2041.534,"end":2041.598},{"text":"level","start":2041.694,"end":2041.935},{"text":"of","start":2041.935,"end":2041.999},{"text":"development.","start":2042.048,"end":2042.674}]},{"text":"Against this backdrop, we would highlight the following.","start":2044.103,"end":2046.816,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":2044.103,"end":2044.44},{"text":"this","start":2044.44,"end":2044.601},{"text":"backdrop,","start":2044.601,"end":2045.034},{"text":"we","start":2045.082,"end":2045.243},{"text":"would","start":2045.307,"end":2045.532},{"text":"highlight","start":2045.708,"end":2046.287},{"text":"the","start":2046.287,"end":2046.367},{"text":"following.","start":2046.367,"end":2046.816}]},{"text":"First of all, the non-appropriation of outer space including the moon and other celestial bodies.","start":2046.913,"end":2051.955,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":2046.913,"end":2047.186},{"text":"of","start":2047.186,"end":2047.314},{"text":"all,","start":2047.314,"end":2047.362},{"text":"the","start":2047.555,"end":2047.732},{"text":"non-appropriation","start":2047.732,"end":2048.775},{"text":"of","start":2048.775,"end":2048.904},{"text":"outer","start":2049,"end":2049.193},{"text":"space","start":2049.193,"end":2049.658},{"text":"including","start":2049.658,"end":2050.188},{"text":"the","start":2050.22,"end":2050.301},{"text":"moon","start":2050.301,"end":2050.59},{"text":"and","start":2050.702,"end":2050.798},{"text":"other","start":2050.863,"end":2051.039},{"text":"celestial","start":2051.039,"end":2051.537},{"text":"bodies.","start":2051.585,"end":2051.955}]},{"text":"Secondly, universal equitable access free from discrimination to space and its benefits.","start":2052.388,"end":2057.529,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":2052.388,"end":2052.998},{"text":"universal","start":2053.111,"end":2053.897},{"text":"equitable","start":2053.978,"end":2054.508},{"text":"access","start":2054.54,"end":2054.909},{"text":"free","start":2055.021,"end":2055.278},{"text":"from","start":2055.278,"end":2055.455},{"text":"discrimination","start":2055.519,"end":2056.113},{"text":"to","start":2056.113,"end":2056.274},{"text":"space","start":2056.226,"end":2056.644},{"text":"and","start":2056.724,"end":2056.789},{"text":"its","start":2056.821,"end":2057.046},{"text":"benefits.","start":2057.046,"end":2057.529}]},{"text":"Thirdly, the non-militarization of space and the need to prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":2058.156,"end":2063.161,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":2058.156,"end":2058.51},{"text":"the","start":2058.639,"end":2058.736},{"text":"non-militarization","start":2058.736,"end":2060.055},{"text":"of","start":2060.087,"end":2060.12},{"text":"space","start":2060.12,"end":2060.618},{"text":"and","start":2060.651,"end":2060.811},{"text":"the","start":2060.811,"end":2060.844},{"text":"need","start":2060.844,"end":2061.133},{"text":"to","start":2061.133,"end":2061.214},{"text":"prevent","start":2061.214,"end":2061.632},{"text":"an","start":2061.632,"end":2061.68},{"text":"arms","start":2061.777,"end":2062.002},{"text":"race","start":2062.099,"end":2062.388},{"text":"in","start":2062.437,"end":2062.517},{"text":"outer","start":2062.517,"end":2062.742},{"text":"space.","start":2062.742,"end":2063.161}]},{"text":"Fourthly, the need to uphold the long-term sustainability of space activities.","start":2063.97,"end":2068.549,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"Fourthly,","start":2063.97,"end":2064.291},{"text":"the","start":2064.403,"end":2064.564},{"text":"need","start":2064.564,"end":2065.03},{"text":"to","start":2065.03,"end":2065.255},{"text":"uphold","start":2065.608,"end":2066.09},{"text":"the","start":2066.09,"end":2066.235},{"text":"long-term","start":2066.235,"end":2066.797},{"text":"sustainability","start":2066.797,"end":2067.553},{"text":"of","start":2067.553,"end":2067.665},{"text":"space","start":2067.681,"end":2068.003},{"text":"activities.","start":2068.003,"end":2068.549}]},{"text":"And fifthly, the need to strengthen international cooperation for the progressive development of space law and the safe operation of activities in space.","start":2069.047,"end":2076.818,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2069.047,"end":2069.143},{"text":"fifthly,","start":2069.143,"end":2069.545},{"text":"the","start":2069.69,"end":2069.77},{"text":"need","start":2069.77,"end":2070.075},{"text":"to","start":2070.107,"end":2070.268},{"text":"strengthen","start":2070.268,"end":2070.718},{"text":"international","start":2070.734,"end":2071.216},{"text":"cooperation","start":2071.216,"end":2071.859},{"text":"for","start":2071.859,"end":2071.955},{"text":"the","start":2071.955,"end":2072.116},{"text":"progressive","start":2072.116,"end":2072.726},{"text":"development","start":2072.759,"end":2073.273},{"text":"of","start":2073.321,"end":2073.385},{"text":"space","start":2073.45,"end":2073.692},{"text":"law","start":2073.79,"end":2073.968},{"text":"and","start":2074.518,"end":2074.616},{"text":"the","start":2074.616,"end":2074.68},{"text":"safe","start":2074.68,"end":2075.02},{"text":"operation","start":2075.02,"end":2075.587},{"text":"of","start":2075.587,"end":2075.668},{"text":"activities","start":2075.668,"end":2076.284},{"text":"in","start":2076.316,"end":2076.397},{"text":"space.","start":2076.397,"end":2076.818}]},{"text":"We equally recognize the growing role of non-governmental actors in space activities and underscore the responsibilities of states in keeping with Article 6 of the Outer Space Treaty to authorize and continuously monitor such activities.","start":2078.845,"end":2093.782,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2078.845,"end":2078.927},{"text":"equally","start":2079.009,"end":2079.404},{"text":"recognize","start":2079.404,"end":2079.963},{"text":"the","start":2079.996,"end":2080.144},{"text":"growing","start":2080.144,"end":2080.456},{"text":"role","start":2080.637,"end":2080.851},{"text":"of","start":2081.13,"end":2081.394},{"text":"non-governmental","start":2081.41,"end":2082.298},{"text":"actors","start":2082.298,"end":2082.43},{"text":"in","start":2082.716,"end":2082.781},{"text":"space","start":2082.877,"end":2083.198},{"text":"activities","start":2083.198,"end":2083.825},{"text":"and","start":2084.001,"end":2084.146},{"text":"underscore","start":2084.258,"end":2084.82},{"text":"the","start":2084.82,"end":2084.885},{"text":"responsibilities","start":2084.901,"end":2085.832},{"text":"of","start":2085.928,"end":2085.993},{"text":"states","start":2086.025,"end":2086.667},{"text":"in","start":2087.069,"end":2087.133},{"text":"keeping","start":2087.149,"end":2087.518},{"text":"with","start":2087.55,"end":2087.695},{"text":"Article","start":2087.775,"end":2088.096},{"text":"6","start":2088.113,"end":2088.514},{"text":"of","start":2088.659,"end":2088.803},{"text":"the","start":2088.899,"end":2089.108},{"text":"Outer","start":2089.253,"end":2089.413},{"text":"Space","start":2089.413,"end":2089.67},{"text":"Treaty","start":2089.783,"end":2090.12},{"text":"to","start":2090.184,"end":2090.329},{"text":"authorize","start":2090.425,"end":2090.971},{"text":"and","start":2091.068,"end":2091.132},{"text":"continuously","start":2091.164,"end":2092.015},{"text":"monitor","start":2092.513,"end":2092.995},{"text":"such","start":2092.995,"end":2093.187},{"text":"activities.","start":2093.252,"end":2093.782}]},{"text":"This responsibility cannot be delegated, and it must be rigorously and effectively upheld.","start":2094.617,"end":2100.318,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2094.617,"end":2094.858},{"text":"responsibility","start":2094.858,"end":2095.629},{"text":"cannot","start":2095.661,"end":2095.998},{"text":"be","start":2096.062,"end":2096.142},{"text":"delegated,","start":2096.142,"end":2096.865},{"text":"and","start":2097.411,"end":2097.845},{"text":"it","start":2098.054,"end":2098.214},{"text":"must","start":2098.214,"end":2098.391},{"text":"be","start":2098.391,"end":2098.616},{"text":"rigorously","start":2098.616,"end":2099.049},{"text":"and","start":2099.049,"end":2099.13},{"text":"effectively","start":2099.13,"end":2099.724},{"text":"upheld.","start":2099.756,"end":2100.318}]},{"text":"We support an inclusive and balanced approach in the legal debates to take place in this subcommittee.","start":2101.041,"end":2106.774,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2101.041,"end":2101.137},{"text":"support","start":2101.137,"end":2101.828},{"text":"an","start":2101.844,"end":2101.988},{"text":"inclusive","start":2101.988,"end":2102.695},{"text":"and","start":2102.791,"end":2102.904},{"text":"balanced","start":2102.968,"end":2103.385},{"text":"approach","start":2103.385,"end":2103.739},{"text":"in","start":2103.771,"end":2103.867},{"text":"the","start":2103.867,"end":2103.996},{"text":"legal","start":2103.996,"end":2104.317},{"text":"debates","start":2104.317,"end":2104.75},{"text":"to","start":2104.879,"end":2104.975},{"text":"take","start":2104.975,"end":2105.216},{"text":"place","start":2105.216,"end":2105.409},{"text":"in","start":2105.521,"end":2105.586},{"text":"this","start":2105.618,"end":2105.73},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":2105.955,"end":2106.774}]},{"text":"Given the accelerated pace of space technology development, the emergence of new actors and new challenges, such as activities regarding space resources, the proliferation of spatial debris, and the use of small satellites.","start":2107.689,"end":2122.649,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. 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we reaffirm that COP-COS must remain the central forum to promote dialogue, legal certainty, and forging multilateral 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also highlight the relevant work being carried out by the Working Group on the legal aspects of activities regarding space resources, which must continue in an inclusive, transparent fashion pursuant to the principles of international law, in particular the non-appropriation of space and the equitable distribution of benefits.","start":2147.662,"end":2167.892,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Equally,","start":2170.958,"end":2171.071},{"text":"a","start":2171.103,"end":2171.12},{"text":"matter","start":2171.12,"end":2171.427},{"text":"of","start":2171.427,"end":2171.507},{"text":"priority","start":2171.507,"end":2172.04},{"text":"is","start":2172.299,"end":2172.444},{"text":"further","start":2172.638,"end":2172.961},{"text":"strengthening","start":2172.961,"end":2173.575},{"text":"space","start":2174.189,"end":2174.529},{"text":"law","start":2174.658,"end":2174.739},{"text":"capacity,","start":2174.884,"end":2175.45},{"text":"in","start":2175.466,"end":2175.53},{"text":"particular","start":2175.53,"end":2175.95},{"text":"among","start":2175.95,"end":2176.16},{"text":"developing","start":2176.193,"end":2176.564},{"text":"countries.","start":2176.597,"end":2177.049}]},{"text":"And here we welcome initiatives such as the UN OSA Space Law Capacity Building Program.","start":2177.162,"end":2182.853,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2177.162,"end":2177.291},{"text":"here","start":2177.308,"end":2177.566},{"text":"we","start":2177.566,"end":2177.695},{"text":"welcome","start":2177.728,"end":2178.067},{"text":"initiatives","start":2178.067,"end":2178.536},{"text":"such","start":2178.536,"end":2178.843},{"text":"as","start":2178.843,"end":2178.988},{"text":"the","start":2179.15,"end":2179.182},{"text":"UN","start":2179.182,"end":2179.376},{"text":"OSA","start":2179.505,"end":2179.813},{"text":"Space","start":2179.813,"end":2180.33},{"text":"Law","start":2180.378,"end":2180.492},{"text":"Capacity","start":2181.446,"end":2182.173},{"text":"Building","start":2182.173,"end":2182.465},{"text":"Program.","start":2182.497,"end":2182.853}]},{"text":"We would like to inform you that Chile is in the process of developing its first national space policy, which is the outcome of interministerial work led by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge, and Innovation.","start":2183.548,"end":2193.869,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2183.548,"end":2183.694},{"text":"would","start":2183.694,"end":2183.791},{"text":"like","start":2183.791,"end":2183.936},{"text":"to","start":2183.936,"end":2184.033},{"text":"inform","start":2184.033,"end":2184.34},{"text":"you","start":2184.34,"end":2184.373},{"text":"that","start":2184.421,"end":2184.583},{"text":"Chile","start":2184.583,"end":2184.89},{"text":"is","start":2184.987,"end":2185.052},{"text":"in","start":2185.084,"end":2185.165},{"text":"the","start":2185.165,"end":2185.246},{"text":"process","start":2185.246,"end":2185.618},{"text":"of","start":2185.715,"end":2185.763},{"text":"developing","start":2185.796,"end":2186.184},{"text":"its","start":2186.216,"end":2186.378},{"text":"first","start":2186.378,"end":2186.782},{"text":"national","start":2186.782,"end":2187.203},{"text":"space","start":2187.203,"end":2187.591},{"text":"policy,","start":2187.591,"end":2188.044},{"text":"which","start":2188.545,"end":2188.642},{"text":"is","start":2188.642,"end":2188.69},{"text":"the","start":2188.739,"end":2188.852},{"text":"outcome","start":2188.868,"end":2189.127},{"text":"of","start":2189.144,"end":2189.273},{"text":"interministerial","start":2189.273,"end":2190.066},{"text":"work","start":2190.487,"end":2190.81},{"text":"led","start":2190.972,"end":2191.199},{"text":"by","start":2191.231,"end":2191.458},{"text":"the","start":2191.474,"end":2191.619},{"text":"Ministry","start":2191.619,"end":2192.056},{"text":"of","start":2192.056,"end":2192.137},{"text":"Science,","start":2192.137,"end":2192.445},{"text":"Technology,","start":2192.461,"end":2192.979},{"text":"Knowledge,","start":2193.011,"end":2193.335},{"text":"and","start":2193.351,"end":2193.464},{"text":"Innovation.","start":2193.496,"end":2193.869}]},{"text":"The linchpin of this policy will be international law, and it will promote a coherent, responsible, and sustainable space governance policy nationally.","start":2195.706,"end":2205.255,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2195.706,"end":2195.932},{"text":"linchpin","start":2195.932,"end":2196.463},{"text":"of","start":2196.511,"end":2196.592},{"text":"this","start":2197.494,"end":2197.639},{"text":"policy","start":2197.639,"end":2198.009},{"text":"will","start":2198.042,"end":2198.203},{"text":"be","start":2198.203,"end":2198.348},{"text":"international","start":2198.364,"end":2199.089},{"text":"law,","start":2199.089,"end":2199.169},{"text":"and","start":2199.411,"end":2199.507},{"text":"it","start":2199.507,"end":2199.572},{"text":"will","start":2199.572,"end":2199.684},{"text":"promote","start":2199.733,"end":2200.216},{"text":"a","start":2200.216,"end":2200.361},{"text":"coherent,","start":2200.361,"end":2201.005},{"text":"responsible,","start":2201.021,"end":2201.698},{"text":"and","start":2202.052,"end":2202.149},{"text":"sustainable","start":2202.149,"end":2203.019},{"text":"space","start":2203.357,"end":2203.679},{"text":"governance","start":2203.679,"end":2204.05},{"text":"policy","start":2204.05,"end":2204.451},{"text":"nationally.","start":2204.708,"end":2205.255}]},{"text":"Finally, we would ask that this agenda item be kept open so that member states have an opportunity to consider and reflect on the statement delivered by the director and to respond.","start":2206.09,"end":2215.999,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2206.09,"end":2206.54},{"text":"we","start":2206.572,"end":2206.733},{"text":"would","start":2206.733,"end":2206.862},{"text":"ask","start":2207.119,"end":2207.376},{"text":"that","start":2207.456,"end":2207.569},{"text":"this","start":2207.617,"end":2207.794},{"text":"agenda","start":2207.794,"end":2208.083},{"text":"item","start":2208.163,"end":2208.581},{"text":"be","start":2208.581,"end":2208.742},{"text":"kept","start":2208.742,"end":2209.063},{"text":"open","start":2209.063,"end":2209.352},{"text":"so","start":2209.465,"end":2209.625},{"text":"that","start":2209.625,"end":2209.786},{"text":"member","start":2209.786,"end":2210.011},{"text":"states","start":2210.011,"end":2210.252},{"text":"have","start":2210.252,"end":2210.365},{"text":"an","start":2210.365,"end":2210.445},{"text":"opportunity","start":2210.445,"end":2211.04},{"text":"to","start":2211.072,"end":2211.361},{"text":"consider","start":2211.859,"end":2212.325},{"text":"and","start":2212.502,"end":2212.662},{"text":"reflect","start":2212.662,"end":2213.048},{"text":"on","start":2213.145,"end":2213.289},{"text":"the","start":2213.37,"end":2213.595},{"text":"statement","start":2213.74,"end":2214.111},{"text":"delivered","start":2214.111,"end":2214.434},{"text":"by","start":2214.434,"end":2214.531},{"text":"the","start":2214.531,"end":2214.676},{"text":"director","start":2214.676,"end":2215.144},{"text":"and","start":2215.176,"end":2215.321},{"text":"to","start":2215.321,"end":2215.386},{"text":"respond.","start":2215.418,"end":2215.999}]},{"text":"Finally, we restate our commitment to a multilateral, inclusive, and consensus-based approach here in this forum as a basis for peace, cooperation, and the sustainable development of outer space.","start":2216.934,"end":2225.697,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. 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you very much.","start":2225.795,"end":2226.445,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2225.795,"end":2225.973},{"text":"you","start":2225.973,"end":2226.038},{"text":"very","start":2226.038,"end":2226.136},{"text":"much.","start":2226.201,"end":2226.445}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias.","start":2228.288,"end":2229.011,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":2228.288,"end":2228.513},{"text":"gracias.","start":2228.513,"end":2229.011}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHL","affiliation_full":"Chile","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":2229.268,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=2230","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the distinguished representative of Chile for his 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Mr.","start":2243.45,"end":2244.393,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2243.45,"end":2243.582},{"text":"you","start":2243.582,"end":2243.714},{"text":"very","start":2243.764,"end":2243.847},{"text":"much,","start":2243.847,"end":2244.079},{"text":"Mr.","start":2244.145,"end":2244.393}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":2244.542,"end":2244.873,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":2244.542,"end":2244.873}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me at the outset Thank you, as well as the Director of UNOSA, Ms. Holomaini, and her team for the excellent preparation of this 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2277.37,"end":2277.45},{"text":"space","start":2277.531,"end":2277.916},{"text":"law,","start":2278.092,"end":2278.221},{"text":"more","start":2278.59,"end":2278.766},{"text":"than","start":2278.83,"end":2278.959},{"text":"an","start":2279.135,"end":2279.2},{"text":"academic","start":2279.392,"end":2279.954},{"text":"pursuit","start":2280.034,"end":2280.756},{"text":"in","start":2280.9,"end":2280.949},{"text":"a","start":2280.981,"end":2280.997},{"text":"particular","start":2281.013,"end":2281.719},{"text":"field,","start":2281.719,"end":2282.248},{"text":"serves","start":2282.826,"end":2283.211},{"text":"as","start":2283.404,"end":2283.452},{"text":"a","start":2283.564,"end":2283.58},{"text":"practical","start":2283.58,"end":2284.206},{"text":"necessity","start":2284.206,"end":2284.896},{"text":"for","start":2285.153,"end":2285.345},{"text":"the","start":2285.393,"end":2285.474},{"text":"future","start":2285.474,"end":2285.955},{"text":"of","start":2286.035,"end":2286.196},{"text":"human","start":2286.196,"end":2286.501},{"text":"exploration","start":2286.597,"end":2287.544},{"text":"and","start":2287.961,"end":2288.057},{"text":"expansion","start":2288.057,"end":2288.827},{"text":"into","start":2289.1,"end":2289.293},{"text":"space.","start":2289.325,"end":2289.694}]},{"text":"The Pact for the Future, in that sense, recognized, among others, the need for urgent action to ensure safe and sustainable use of space for the benefit of all humankind.","start":2290.721,"end":2302.944,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2337.45,"end":2337.82},{"text":"we","start":2338.317,"end":2338.414},{"text":"believe","start":2338.414,"end":2338.783},{"text":"that","start":2338.815,"end":2339.217},{"text":"as","start":2339.441,"end":2339.506},{"text":"the","start":2339.602,"end":2339.682},{"text":"main","start":2339.682,"end":2339.907},{"text":"platform,","start":2340.003,"end":2340.678},{"text":"the","start":2341.063,"end":2341.208},{"text":"Committee","start":2341.208,"end":2341.673},{"text":"on","start":2341.786,"end":2341.914},{"text":"the","start":2341.946,"end":2342.027},{"text":"Peaceful","start":2342.027,"end":2342.46},{"text":"Uses","start":2342.508,"end":2342.845},{"text":"of","start":2342.894,"end":2343.038},{"text":"Outer","start":2343.215,"end":2343.456},{"text":"Space,","start":2343.456,"end":2343.841},{"text":"its","start":2344.355,"end":2344.515},{"text":"subcommittees","start":2344.515,"end":2345.286},{"text":"and","start":2345.623,"end":2345.784},{"text":"working","start":2345.784,"end":2346.073},{"text":"groups,","start":2346.121,"end":2346.458},{"text":"play","start":2346.844,"end":2347.116},{"text":"a","start":2347.405,"end":2347.422},{"text":"pivotal","start":2347.422,"end":2348},{"text":"role","start":2348.112,"end":2348.24},{"text":"in","start":2348.594,"end":2348.658},{"text":"regulating","start":2348.754,"end":2349.461},{"text":"and","start":2349.718,"end":2349.83},{"text":"managing","start":2349.83,"end":2350.264},{"text":"outer","start":2350.52,"end":2350.761},{"text":"space","start":2350.761,"end":2351.195},{"text":"activities.","start":2351.195,"end":2351.789}]},{"text":"We consider COPUS as the authorized body with respect to discussions on also potential legal models for activities in the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources.","start":2352.303,"end":2366.559,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. 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law, airspace law, and outer space law have different dynamics and are regulated by different regimes, bodies, and 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the regimes, instruments that are not on outer space fall out of the scope and mandate of COPOS, and as such should be precluded in outer space 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regarding the proposal to hold UNISPACE IV in 2027, we would like to underscore once more the importance of addressing key priorities, including the establishment of coordination mechanisms for ensuring space sustainability, the broader utilization of space solutions like the use of space data, technologies, and applications to achieve the SDGs.","start":2404.18,"end":2429.645,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2404.18,"end":2404.629},{"text":"regarding","start":2405.014,"end":2405.544},{"text":"the","start":2405.657,"end":2405.898},{"text":"proposal","start":2405.978,"end":2406.572},{"text":"to","start":2406.62,"end":2406.749},{"text":"hold","start":2406.765,"end":2407.038},{"text":"UNISPACE","start":2407.038,"end":2407.616},{"text":"IV","start":2407.664,"end":2407.937},{"text":"in","start":2408.145,"end":2408.226},{"text":"2027,","start":2408.226,"end":2409.558},{"text":"we","start":2410.056,"end":2410.153},{"text":"would","start":2410.153,"end":2410.377},{"text":"like","start":2410.377,"end":2410.634},{"text":"to","start":2410.65,"end":2410.763},{"text":"underscore","start":2410.779,"end":2411.533},{"text":"once","start":2411.822,"end":2412.111},{"text":"more","start":2412.144,"end":2412.272},{"text":"the","start":2412.657,"end":2412.786},{"text":"importance","start":2412.786,"end":2413.284},{"text":"of","start":2413.284,"end":2413.428},{"text":"addressing","start":2413.508,"end":2413.974},{"text":"key","start":2414.167,"end":2414.392},{"text":"priorities,","start":2414.392,"end":2415.259},{"text":"including","start":2415.756,"end":2416.222},{"text":"the","start":2416.254,"end":2416.302},{"text":"establishment","start":2416.334,"end":2417.137},{"text":"of","start":2417.137,"end":2417.266},{"text":"coordination","start":2417.298,"end":2417.908},{"text":"mechanisms","start":2417.94,"end":2418.63},{"text":"for","start":2418.887,"end":2419.08},{"text":"ensuring","start":2419.208,"end":2419.674},{"text":"space","start":2419.77,"end":2420.108},{"text":"sustainability,","start":2420.108,"end":2421.119},{"text":"the","start":2421.713,"end":2421.858},{"text":"broader","start":2421.858,"end":2422.243},{"text":"utilization","start":2422.259,"end":2423.014},{"text":"of","start":2423.062,"end":2423.094},{"text":"space","start":2423.094,"end":2423.544},{"text":"solutions","start":2423.544,"end":2424.09},{"text":"like","start":2424.363,"end":2424.539},{"text":"the","start":2424.604,"end":2424.684},{"text":"use","start":2424.684,"end":2424.925},{"text":"of","start":2424.925,"end":2425.005},{"text":"space","start":2425.005,"end":2425.471},{"text":"data,","start":2425.487,"end":2425.904},{"text":"technologies,","start":2426.289,"end":2426.98},{"text":"and","start":2427.397,"end":2427.478},{"text":"applications","start":2427.494,"end":2428.264},{"text":"to","start":2428.521,"end":2428.666},{"text":"achieve","start":2428.698,"end":2429.035},{"text":"the","start":2429.035,"end":2429.18},{"text":"SDGs.","start":2429.18,"end":2429.645}]},{"text":"and the enhancement of international cooperation for the peaceful use and exploration of outer space.","start":2430.207,"end":2436.752,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2430.207,"end":2430.303},{"text":"the","start":2430.303,"end":2430.447},{"text":"enhancement","start":2430.528,"end":2431.218},{"text":"of","start":2431.33,"end":2431.506},{"text":"international","start":2431.506,"end":2432.18},{"text":"cooperation","start":2432.228,"end":2432.998},{"text":"for","start":2433.335,"end":2433.512},{"text":"the","start":2433.512,"end":2433.592},{"text":"peaceful","start":2433.592,"end":2433.945},{"text":"use","start":2434.009,"end":2434.266},{"text":"and","start":2434.554,"end":2434.747},{"text":"exploration","start":2434.779,"end":2435.726},{"text":"of","start":2435.902,"end":2435.95},{"text":"outer","start":2436.143,"end":2436.383},{"text":"space.","start":2436.383,"end":2436.752}]},{"text":"We support discussions on long-term sustainability of outer space activities, space debris mitigation, space traffic management, and the efforts for cooperation on space resources and sustainable lunar activities.","start":2437.362,"end":2451.608,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. 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Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2437.362,"end":2437.442},{"text":"support","start":2437.442,"end":2437.843},{"text":"discussions","start":2437.843,"end":2438.533},{"text":"on","start":2438.725,"end":2438.79},{"text":"long-term","start":2438.87,"end":2439.335},{"text":"sustainability","start":2439.431,"end":2440.266},{"text":"of","start":2440.651,"end":2440.875},{"text":"outer","start":2440.875,"end":2441.084},{"text":"space","start":2441.116,"end":2441.549},{"text":"activities,","start":2441.549,"end":2442.143},{"text":"space","start":2442.431,"end":2442.961},{"text":"debris","start":2442.977,"end":2443.362},{"text":"mitigation,","start":2443.362,"end":2444.02},{"text":"space","start":2444.405,"end":2444.693},{"text":"traffic","start":2444.758,"end":2445.159},{"text":"management,","start":2445.223,"end":2445.8},{"text":"and","start":2446.169,"end":2446.33},{"text":"the","start":2446.33,"end":2446.474},{"text":"efforts","start":2446.49,"end":2447.02},{"text":"for","start":2447.148,"end":2447.389},{"text":"cooperation","start":2447.389,"end":2448.191},{"text":"on","start":2448.415,"end":2448.512},{"text":"space","start":2448.512,"end":2448.864},{"text":"resources","start":2448.993,"end":2449.57},{"text":"and","start":2449.939,"end":2450.052},{"text":"sustainable","start":2450.052,"end":2450.741},{"text":"lunar","start":2450.741,"end":2450.982},{"text":"activities.","start":2451.062,"end":2451.608}]},{"text":"Chair and distinguished delegates, Turkey's Space Agency, TUA, was established in 2018 to regulate the space-related activities in a unified manner, and Türkiye has been significantly expanding its space activities in recent years under its National Space Program.","start":2452.201,"end":2470.818,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. 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with our second astronaut, Atasever, who completed a suborbital flight in June 2024, he spearheads awareness raising activities, especially among the youth, including at meetings held in Vienna.","start":2523.962,"end":2538.489,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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a coverage area of more than 60 percent of the world's population, we have now become one of, one of the leading countries in space studies and satellite 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Mr.","start":2660.53,"end":2672.564,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2660.53,"end":2660.627},{"text":"following","start":2660.627,"end":2660.935},{"text":"speaker","start":2660.984,"end":2661.455},{"text":"on","start":2661.455,"end":2661.585},{"text":"my","start":2661.618,"end":2661.699},{"text":"list","start":2661.764,"end":2662.105},{"text":"is","start":2662.332,"end":2662.397},{"text":"the","start":2662.576,"end":2662.836},{"text":"distinguished","start":2663.485,"end":2664.037},{"text":"representative","start":2664.037,"end":2664.638},{"text":"Mr.","start":2672.354,"end":2672.564}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":2672.661,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=2673","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, since this is the first time the Vietnam delegation is taking the 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Chair, Vietnam attaches great importance to the work of this Legal Subcommittee in fostering the peaceful, safe, and sustainable use of outer space through the development of international legal norms.","start":2689.564,"end":2702.778,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Firstly, I'd like to thank UNOSA Director Ms. Aki Ulamaini and the Secretariat for their efforts in preparing for this session.","start":2972.15,"end":2981.956,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2998.092,"end":2998.237},{"text":"space","start":2998.253,"end":2998.561},{"text":"activities","start":2998.738,"end":2999.288},{"text":"grow","start":2999.482,"end":2999.66},{"text":"in","start":2999.741,"end":2999.87},{"text":"scale","start":2999.903,"end":3000.323},{"text":"and","start":3000.517,"end":3000.582},{"text":"complexity","start":3000.679,"end":3001.956},{"text":"and","start":3002.053,"end":3002.231},{"text":"more","start":3002.279,"end":3002.489},{"text":"states","start":3002.489,"end":3002.926},{"text":"become","start":3003.282,"end":3003.605},{"text":"space","start":3003.605,"end":3003.896},{"text":"actors,","start":3004.074,"end":3004.171},{"text":"the","start":3004.256,"end":3004.352},{"text":"importance","start":3005.062,"end":3005.821},{"text":"of","start":3005.885,"end":3005.982},{"text":"these","start":3006.046,"end":3006.256},{"text":"foundational","start":3006.369,"end":3007.289},{"text":"instruments","start":3007.321,"end":3008.144},{"text":"continues","start":3008.208,"end":3008.676},{"text":"to","start":3008.789,"end":3008.902},{"text":"increase.","start":3008.934,"end":3009.402}]},{"text":"In this context, the Legal Subcommittee of COPPOS plays a vital role in addressing emerging legal challenges through collective international efforts.","start":3010.467,"end":3021.053,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3040.006,"end":3040.038},{"text":"humanity","start":3040.086,"end":3040.635},{"text":"prepares","start":3040.667,"end":3041.281},{"text":"for","start":3041.458,"end":3041.555},{"text":"the","start":3041.555,"end":3041.7},{"text":"further","start":3041.7,"end":3042.039},{"text":"exploration,","start":3042.039,"end":3042.895},{"text":"exploitation,","start":3043.33,"end":3044.266},{"text":"and","start":3044.541,"end":3044.605},{"text":"utilization","start":3044.686,"end":3045.445},{"text":"of","start":3045.509,"end":3045.59},{"text":"space","start":3045.654,"end":3046.155},{"text":"resources,","start":3046.155,"end":3046.768},{"text":"the","start":3047.75,"end":3047.782},{"text":"Republic","start":3047.782,"end":3048.313},{"text":"of","start":3048.345,"end":3048.425},{"text":"Korea","start":3048.425,"end":3048.972},{"text":"acknowledges","start":3048.988,"end":3049.68},{"text":"the","start":3049.793,"end":3049.954},{"text":"importance","start":3049.954,"end":3050.629},{"text":"of","start":3050.758,"end":3050.903},{"text":"securing","start":3050.903,"end":3051.45},{"text":"international","start":3051.643,"end":3052.287},{"text":"governance","start":3052.287,"end":3052.93},{"text":"of","start":3052.994,"end":3053.171},{"text":"space","start":3053.171,"end":3053.525},{"text":"resources","start":3053.718,"end":3054.346},{"text":"activities.","start":3054.442,"end":3054.829}]},{"text":"We are actively engaging in discussions and contributing to the Space Resources Working Group on this matter.","start":3056.073,"end":3062.459,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3056.073,"end":3056.218},{"text":"are","start":3056.234,"end":3056.38},{"text":"actively","start":3056.38,"end":3056.849},{"text":"engaging","start":3056.881,"end":3057.382},{"text":"in","start":3057.382,"end":3057.495},{"text":"discussions","start":3057.528,"end":3058.223},{"text":"and","start":3058.498,"end":3058.562},{"text":"contributing","start":3058.724,"end":3059.435},{"text":"to","start":3059.468,"end":3059.565},{"text":"the","start":3059.565,"end":3059.662},{"text":"Space","start":3059.694,"end":3060.195},{"text":"Resources","start":3060.195,"end":3060.81},{"text":"Working","start":3060.923,"end":3061.262},{"text":"Group","start":3061.327,"end":3061.65},{"text":"on","start":3061.666,"end":3061.779},{"text":"this","start":3061.877,"end":3062.054},{"text":"matter.","start":3062.054,"end":3062.459}]},{"text":"In line with the COPOS Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines, Korea has issued the Governmental Recommendation on Space Debris Mitigation in Developing and Operating Space Objects, which is to minimize debris across all phases of space missions.","start":3064.1,"end":3080.839,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. 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They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. 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They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":3116.8,"end":3116.928},{"text":"such","start":3116.977,"end":3117.202},{"text":"frameworks,","start":3117.298,"end":3117.974},{"text":"Korea","start":3118.183,"end":3118.682},{"text":"aims","start":3118.682,"end":3118.891},{"text":"to","start":3119.068,"end":3119.149},{"text":"contribute","start":3119.149,"end":3119.954},{"text":"to","start":3120.227,"end":3120.356},{"text":"the","start":3120.356,"end":3120.452},{"text":"development","start":3120.452,"end":3121.241},{"text":"of","start":3121.241,"end":3121.418},{"text":"globally","start":3121.579,"end":3122.029},{"text":"harmonized","start":3122.142,"end":3122.866},{"text":"space","start":3122.882,"end":3123.22},{"text":"governance","start":3123.349,"end":3123.832},{"text":"regime","start":3123.896,"end":3124.316},{"text":"and","start":3124.784,"end":3124.864},{"text":"promote","start":3125.026,"end":3125.574},{"text":"responsible","start":3125.607,"end":3126.268},{"text":"behavior","start":3126.316,"end":3126.962},{"text":"in","start":3127.059,"end":3127.123},{"text":"space.","start":3127.139,"end":3127.575}]},{"text":"In satellite navigation field, we will host the 19th annual meeting of the United Nations International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems in Busan this year to discuss the development and utilization of satellite navigation.","start":3129.317,"end":3144.515,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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look forward to active and productive discussions that will benefit us all.","start":3160.2,"end":3165.041,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3160.2,"end":3160.396},{"text":"look","start":3160.445,"end":3160.706},{"text":"forward","start":3160.706,"end":3161.18},{"text":"to","start":3161.18,"end":3161.245},{"text":"active","start":3161.343,"end":3161.751},{"text":"and","start":3161.751,"end":3161.898},{"text":"productive","start":3161.931,"end":3162.567},{"text":"discussions","start":3162.567,"end":3163.204},{"text":"that","start":3163.481,"end":3163.775},{"text":"will","start":3163.775,"end":3163.857},{"text":"benefit","start":3164.036,"end":3164.64},{"text":"us","start":3164.687,"end":3164.896},{"text":"all.","start":3164.928,"end":3165.041}]},{"text":"Thank 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afternoon.","start":3186.271,"end":3188.455,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3186.271,"end":3186.583},{"text":"you","start":3186.583,"end":3186.649},{"text":"very","start":3186.665,"end":3186.846},{"text":"much,","start":3186.846,"end":3187.059},{"text":"Chair,","start":3187.24,"end":3187.568},{"text":"and","start":3187.585,"end":3187.749},{"text":"good","start":3187.749,"end":3187.913},{"text":"afternoon.","start":3187.913,"end":3188.455}]},{"text":"As this is the first time that Ecuador has taken the floor during this session, I would like to congratulate you upon leading this multilateral encounter and equally wish to express our delegation's full support and to convey these feelings to the members of the Bureau 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the same time, we thank the Secretariat for the organization and preparation of this session of the Legal Subcommittee of 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aligns itself with the statement of the G77 and China, and in its national capacity would like to make the following comments.","start":3215.771,"end":3221.724,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ecuador","start":3215.771,"end":3216.126},{"text":"aligns","start":3216.239,"end":3216.513},{"text":"itself","start":3216.513,"end":3216.82},{"text":"with","start":3216.82,"end":3216.917},{"text":"the","start":3216.965,"end":3216.997},{"text":"statement","start":3216.997,"end":3217.481},{"text":"of","start":3217.481,"end":3217.562},{"text":"the","start":3217.61,"end":3217.659},{"text":"G77","start":3217.691,"end":3218.449},{"text":"and","start":3218.498,"end":3218.659},{"text":"China,","start":3218.659,"end":3218.982},{"text":"and","start":3219.062,"end":3219.24},{"text":"in","start":3219.24,"end":3219.337},{"text":"its","start":3219.337,"end":3219.482},{"text":"national","start":3219.482,"end":3219.804},{"text":"capacity","start":3219.804,"end":3220.256},{"text":"would","start":3220.272,"end":3220.369},{"text":"like","start":3220.369,"end":3220.547},{"text":"to","start":3220.547,"end":3220.66},{"text":"make","start":3220.676,"end":3220.837},{"text":"the","start":3220.837,"end":3220.934},{"text":"following","start":3220.934,"end":3221.305},{"text":"comments.","start":3221.337,"end":3221.724}]},{"text":"Chair, Ecuador ratifies its commitment to the peaceful use and exploration of outer space for the benefit and shared interest of all countries, regardless of their level of economic or scientific development, and based on strict compliance with the fundamental principles that govern space activities as well as international law in this area.","start":3223.756,"end":3245.107,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3223.756,"end":3223.837},{"text":"Ecuador","start":3223.918,"end":3224.176},{"text":"ratifies","start":3224.176,"end":3224.709},{"text":"its","start":3224.741,"end":3224.967},{"text":"commitment","start":3224.967,"end":3225.516},{"text":"to","start":3225.613,"end":3225.887},{"text":"the","start":3226.016,"end":3226.226},{"text":"peaceful","start":3226.258,"end":3226.63},{"text":"use","start":3226.662,"end":3226.791},{"text":"and","start":3226.839,"end":3226.92},{"text":"exploration","start":3226.92,"end":3227.582},{"text":"of","start":3227.582,"end":3227.695},{"text":"outer","start":3227.872,"end":3228.115},{"text":"space","start":3228.115,"end":3228.567},{"text":"for","start":3230.778,"end":3230.907},{"text":"the","start":3230.939,"end":3231.036},{"text":"benefit","start":3231.036,"end":3231.666},{"text":"and","start":3231.666,"end":3231.763},{"text":"shared","start":3231.763,"end":3232.069},{"text":"interest","start":3232.069,"end":3232.505},{"text":"of","start":3232.505,"end":3232.65},{"text":"all","start":3232.65,"end":3232.763},{"text":"countries,","start":3232.78,"end":3233.183},{"text":"regardless","start":3234.006,"end":3234.49},{"text":"of","start":3234.49,"end":3234.587},{"text":"their","start":3234.587,"end":3234.732},{"text":"level","start":3234.732,"end":3235.007},{"text":"of","start":3235.007,"end":3235.136},{"text":"economic","start":3235.136,"end":3235.701},{"text":"or","start":3235.701,"end":3235.733},{"text":"scientific","start":3235.733,"end":3236.298},{"text":"development,","start":3236.362,"end":3237.008},{"text":"and","start":3237.637,"end":3237.783},{"text":"based","start":3237.815,"end":3238.202},{"text":"on","start":3238.202,"end":3238.267},{"text":"strict","start":3238.299,"end":3238.686},{"text":"compliance","start":3238.686,"end":3239.267},{"text":"with","start":3239.267,"end":3239.364},{"text":"the","start":3239.413,"end":3239.509},{"text":"fundamental","start":3239.509,"end":3240.139},{"text":"principles","start":3240.155,"end":3240.688},{"text":"that","start":3240.72,"end":3240.881},{"text":"govern","start":3240.881,"end":3241.269},{"text":"space","start":3241.269,"end":3241.624},{"text":"activities","start":3241.624,"end":3242.237},{"text":"as","start":3243.025,"end":3243.091},{"text":"well","start":3243.189,"end":3243.32},{"text":"as","start":3243.386,"end":3243.501},{"text":"international","start":3243.533,"end":3244.189},{"text":"law","start":3244.189,"end":3244.271},{"text":"in","start":3244.353,"end":3244.402},{"text":"this","start":3244.5,"end":3244.615},{"text":"area.","start":3244.746,"end":3245.107}]},{"text":"Universal, equitable, rational access free from discrimination to outer space and non-appropriation of outer space as well as the non-militarization and non-emplacement of weaponry in outer space are principles that must be upheld and respected by all, including by the private sector.","start":3247.84,"end":3264.173,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal,","start":3247.84,"end":3248.033},{"text":"equitable,","start":3248.098,"end":3248.55},{"text":"rational","start":3248.76,"end":3249.276},{"text":"access","start":3249.486,"end":3249.97},{"text":"free","start":3249.97,"end":3250.212},{"text":"from","start":3250.212,"end":3250.374},{"text":"discrimination","start":3250.374,"end":3251.036},{"text":"to","start":3251.036,"end":3251.165},{"text":"outer","start":3251.246,"end":3251.423},{"text":"space","start":3251.423,"end":3251.794},{"text":"and","start":3251.907,"end":3252.117},{"text":"non-appropriation","start":3252.133,"end":3253.15},{"text":"of","start":3253.344,"end":3253.489},{"text":"outer","start":3253.586,"end":3253.764},{"text":"space","start":3253.764,"end":3254.087},{"text":"as","start":3254.087,"end":3254.135},{"text":"well","start":3254.232,"end":3254.345},{"text":"as","start":3254.345,"end":3254.426},{"text":"the","start":3254.474,"end":3254.571},{"text":"non-militarization","start":3254.571,"end":3255.992},{"text":"and","start":3256.75,"end":3256.879},{"text":"non-emplacement","start":3256.88,"end":3257.64},{"text":"of","start":3257.64,"end":3257.688},{"text":"weaponry","start":3257.72,"end":3258.125},{"text":"in","start":3259.079,"end":3259.224},{"text":"outer","start":3259.645,"end":3259.807},{"text":"space","start":3259.807,"end":3260.179},{"text":"are","start":3260.211,"end":3260.259},{"text":"principles","start":3260.292,"end":3260.761},{"text":"that","start":3260.793,"end":3260.922},{"text":"must","start":3260.955,"end":3261.197},{"text":"be","start":3261.197,"end":3261.359},{"text":"upheld","start":3261.359,"end":3261.78},{"text":"and","start":3261.78,"end":3261.844},{"text":"respected","start":3261.844,"end":3262.329},{"text":"by","start":3262.329,"end":3262.475},{"text":"all,","start":3262.556,"end":3262.653},{"text":"including","start":3262.669,"end":3263.138},{"text":"by","start":3263.203,"end":3263.3},{"text":"the","start":3263.3,"end":3263.381},{"text":"private","start":3263.381,"end":3263.769},{"text":"sector.","start":3263.769,"end":3264.173}]},{"text":"Ecuador recognizes the need to guarantee the sustainable use of outer space as a shared resource for humankind.","start":3264.84,"end":3271.567,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Ecuador","start":3264.84,"end":3265.148},{"text":"recognizes","start":3265.262,"end":3265.815},{"text":"the","start":3265.847,"end":3265.945},{"text":"need","start":3265.945,"end":3266.156},{"text":"to","start":3266.156,"end":3266.237},{"text":"guarantee","start":3266.237,"end":3266.725},{"text":"the","start":3266.725,"end":3266.773},{"text":"sustainable","start":3266.822,"end":3269.357},{"text":"use","start":3267.702,"end":3268.038},{"text":"of","start":3268.038,"end":3268.247},{"text":"outer","start":3268.247,"end":3268.439},{"text":"space","start":3268.439,"end":3268.84},{"text":"as","start":3269.289,"end":3269.353},{"text":"a","start":3269.61,"end":3269.626},{"text":"shared","start":3269.626,"end":3270.059},{"text":"resource","start":3270.171,"end":3270.556},{"text":"for","start":3270.652,"end":3270.749},{"text":"humankind.","start":3270.749,"end":3271.567}]},{"text":"Therefore, it is necessary to establish clear policies to guarantee the safety and sustainability of space activities and in turn to ensure the growth of the sector for the benefit of all states without any exclusion.","start":3272.513,"end":3284.508,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":3272.513,"end":3272.866},{"text":"it","start":3272.914,"end":3273.01},{"text":"is","start":3273.01,"end":3273.074},{"text":"necessary","start":3273.138,"end":3273.764},{"text":"to","start":3273.78,"end":3273.892},{"text":"establish","start":3273.892,"end":3274.293},{"text":"clear","start":3274.357,"end":3274.533},{"text":"policies","start":3274.598,"end":3275.127},{"text":"to","start":3275.223,"end":3275.367},{"text":"guarantee","start":3275.399,"end":3275.961},{"text":"the","start":3275.961,"end":3276.057},{"text":"safety","start":3276.057,"end":3276.57},{"text":"and","start":3276.602,"end":3276.666},{"text":"sustainability","start":3276.666,"end":3277.484},{"text":"of","start":3277.484,"end":3277.548},{"text":"space","start":3277.548,"end":3277.949},{"text":"activities","start":3277.949,"end":3278.575},{"text":"and","start":3278.671,"end":3278.799},{"text":"in","start":3278.831,"end":3278.895},{"text":"turn","start":3278.928,"end":3279.12},{"text":"to","start":3279.152,"end":3279.296},{"text":"ensure","start":3279.312,"end":3279.665},{"text":"the","start":3280.066,"end":3280.194},{"text":"growth","start":3280.194,"end":3280.515},{"text":"of","start":3280.515,"end":3280.579},{"text":"the","start":3280.611,"end":3280.676},{"text":"sector","start":3280.676,"end":3281.205},{"text":"for","start":3281.718,"end":3281.83},{"text":"the","start":3281.83,"end":3281.959},{"text":"benefit","start":3281.959,"end":3282.311},{"text":"of","start":3282.311,"end":3282.424},{"text":"all","start":3282.52,"end":3282.568},{"text":"states","start":3282.68,"end":3283.177},{"text":"without","start":3283.402,"end":3283.803},{"text":"any","start":3283.803,"end":3284.043},{"text":"exclusion.","start":3284.043,"end":3284.508}]},{"text":"In keeping with the norms and principles that govern space activities, Ecuador acceded to the Convention on the Registration of Objects launched into space of the United Nations in February 2025.","start":3285.807,"end":3297.594,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3285.807,"end":3285.984},{"text":"keeping","start":3285.984,"end":3286.401},{"text":"with","start":3286.465,"end":3286.673},{"text":"the","start":3286.705,"end":3286.866},{"text":"norms","start":3286.866,"end":3287.203},{"text":"and","start":3287.203,"end":3287.299},{"text":"principles","start":3287.331,"end":3287.956},{"text":"that","start":3287.988,"end":3288.197},{"text":"govern","start":3288.229,"end":3288.598},{"text":"space","start":3288.726,"end":3289.111},{"text":"activities,","start":3289.111,"end":3289.72},{"text":"Ecuador","start":3289.913,"end":3290.346},{"text":"acceded","start":3290.955,"end":3291.517},{"text":"to","start":3291.517,"end":3291.677},{"text":"the","start":3291.677,"end":3291.821},{"text":"Convention","start":3291.821,"end":3292.302},{"text":"on","start":3292.302,"end":3292.383},{"text":"the","start":3292.383,"end":3292.463},{"text":"Registration","start":3292.463,"end":3293.104},{"text":"of","start":3293.104,"end":3293.152},{"text":"Objects","start":3293.281,"end":3295.029},{"text":"launched","start":3293.682,"end":3294.181},{"text":"into","start":3294.229,"end":3294.422},{"text":"space","start":3294.471,"end":3294.761},{"text":"of","start":3294.889,"end":3295.034},{"text":"the","start":3295.034,"end":3295.115},{"text":"United","start":3295.115,"end":3295.453},{"text":"Nations","start":3295.453,"end":3295.904},{"text":"in","start":3296.016,"end":3296.145},{"text":"February","start":3296.161,"end":3296.467},{"text":"2025.","start":3296.58,"end":3297.594}]},{"text":"Currently, my country is party to 4 of the 5 treaties that govern space activities, which represents a significant step forward in observance of, promotion, and further strengthening of international space law.","start":3299.14,"end":3310.995,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Currently,","start":3299.14,"end":3299.559},{"text":"my","start":3299.575,"end":3299.833},{"text":"country","start":3299.945,"end":3300.332},{"text":"is","start":3300.364,"end":3300.493},{"text":"party","start":3300.589,"end":3300.976},{"text":"to","start":3300.992,"end":3301.105},{"text":"4","start":3301.153,"end":3301.443},{"text":"of","start":3301.652,"end":3301.797},{"text":"the","start":3301.797,"end":3301.845},{"text":"5","start":3301.894,"end":3302.344},{"text":"treaties","start":3302.441,"end":3302.908},{"text":"that","start":3302.94,"end":3303.15},{"text":"govern","start":3303.15,"end":3303.425},{"text":"space","start":3303.425,"end":3303.749},{"text":"activities,","start":3303.749,"end":3304.284},{"text":"which","start":3304.722,"end":3304.851},{"text":"represents","start":3304.965,"end":3305.613},{"text":"a","start":3305.613,"end":3305.63},{"text":"significant","start":3305.678,"end":3306.181},{"text":"step","start":3306.181,"end":3306.489},{"text":"forward","start":3306.489,"end":3306.959},{"text":"in","start":3307.056,"end":3307.202},{"text":"observance","start":3307.234,"end":3307.899},{"text":"of,","start":3308.029,"end":3308.174},{"text":"promotion,","start":3308.207,"end":3308.677},{"text":"and","start":3308.693,"end":3308.839},{"text":"further","start":3308.839,"end":3309.098},{"text":"strengthening","start":3309.098,"end":3309.633},{"text":"of","start":3309.666,"end":3309.812},{"text":"international","start":3309.812,"end":3310.428},{"text":"space","start":3310.46,"end":3310.752},{"text":"law.","start":3310.881,"end":3310.995}]},{"text":"This commitment is reflected in the process to formulate our national space plan.","start":3313.328,"end":3318.789,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3313.328,"end":3313.505},{"text":"commitment","start":3313.505,"end":3314.149},{"text":"is","start":3314.149,"end":3314.278},{"text":"reflected","start":3314.375,"end":3315.084},{"text":"in","start":3315.18,"end":3315.229},{"text":"the","start":3315.503,"end":3315.696},{"text":"process","start":3315.76,"end":3316.34},{"text":"to","start":3316.389,"end":3316.566},{"text":"formulate","start":3316.566,"end":3317.21},{"text":"our","start":3317.226,"end":3317.291},{"text":"national","start":3317.291,"end":3318.08},{"text":"space","start":3318.08,"end":3318.37},{"text":"plan.","start":3318.563,"end":3318.789}]},{"text":"The strategic design of this national space plan provides for the establishment and implementation of a modern legislative framework to contribute to increasing long-term sustainability of activities in outer space.","start":3319.519,"end":3333.023,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3319.519,"end":3319.568},{"text":"strategic","start":3319.6,"end":3320.264},{"text":"design","start":3320.264,"end":3320.717},{"text":"of","start":3320.733,"end":3320.846},{"text":"this","start":3320.846,"end":3320.96},{"text":"national","start":3321.089,"end":3321.478},{"text":"space","start":3321.478,"end":3321.915},{"text":"plan","start":3321.963,"end":3322.173},{"text":"provides","start":3322.529,"end":3322.902},{"text":"for","start":3323.015,"end":3323.177},{"text":"the","start":3323.193,"end":3323.339},{"text":"establishment","start":3323.339,"end":3324.083},{"text":"and","start":3324.132,"end":3324.326},{"text":"implementation","start":3324.326,"end":3325.006},{"text":"of","start":3325.184,"end":3325.329},{"text":"a","start":3325.426,"end":3325.459},{"text":"modern","start":3325.459,"end":3325.896},{"text":"legislative","start":3326.883,"end":3327.514},{"text":"framework","start":3327.53,"end":3328.064},{"text":"to","start":3328.113,"end":3328.276},{"text":"contribute","start":3328.276,"end":3328.845},{"text":"to","start":3329.251,"end":3329.511},{"text":"increasing","start":3329.902,"end":3330.438},{"text":"long-term","start":3330.536,"end":3330.958},{"text":"sustainability","start":3330.958,"end":3331.69},{"text":"of","start":3331.69,"end":3331.771},{"text":"activities","start":3331.771,"end":3332.308},{"text":"in","start":3332.34,"end":3332.486},{"text":"outer","start":3332.486,"end":3332.617},{"text":"space.","start":3332.682,"end":3333.023}]},{"text":"Chair, international cooperation is fundamental to tackle the challenges that arise when it comes to the exploration and development of space activities.","start":3334.92,"end":3342.108,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3334.92,"end":3335.016},{"text":"international","start":3335.049,"end":3335.566},{"text":"cooperation","start":3335.582,"end":3336.083},{"text":"is","start":3336.083,"end":3336.131},{"text":"fundamental","start":3336.244,"end":3336.89},{"text":"to","start":3336.89,"end":3337.02},{"text":"tackle","start":3337.036,"end":3337.391},{"text":"the","start":3337.456,"end":3337.536},{"text":"challenges","start":3337.536,"end":3338.15},{"text":"that","start":3338.651,"end":3338.748},{"text":"arise","start":3338.748,"end":3339.2},{"text":"when","start":3339.233,"end":3339.33},{"text":"it","start":3339.33,"end":3339.378},{"text":"comes","start":3339.378,"end":3339.604},{"text":"to","start":3339.701,"end":3339.733},{"text":"the","start":3339.798,"end":3339.879},{"text":"exploration","start":3339.879,"end":3340.444},{"text":"and","start":3340.444,"end":3340.525},{"text":"development","start":3340.525,"end":3341.026},{"text":"of","start":3341.026,"end":3341.106},{"text":"space","start":3341.106,"end":3341.365},{"text":"activities.","start":3341.478,"end":3342.108}]},{"text":"And accordingly, Ecuador has engaged with the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs, UNOSA, as well as with space agencies bilaterally and globally to foster cooperation in order to adopt good practices that will lead to norms and policies that will be part of a comprehensive approach for space management in my country.","start":3344.18,"end":3362.926,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3344.18,"end":3344.229},{"text":"accordingly,","start":3344.229,"end":3344.757},{"text":"Ecuador","start":3344.955,"end":3345.401},{"text":"has","start":3345.599,"end":3345.83},{"text":"engaged","start":3345.929,"end":3346.44},{"text":"with","start":3346.44,"end":3346.605},{"text":"the","start":3346.605,"end":3346.704},{"text":"United","start":3346.704,"end":3347.15},{"text":"Nations","start":3347.166,"end":3347.397},{"text":"Office","start":3347.596,"end":3347.919},{"text":"of","start":3347.919,"end":3348.064},{"text":"Outer","start":3348.177,"end":3348.355},{"text":"Space","start":3348.355,"end":3348.548},{"text":"Affairs,","start":3348.661,"end":3348.952},{"text":"UNOSA,","start":3348.984,"end":3349.468},{"text":"as","start":3349.549,"end":3349.678},{"text":"well","start":3349.71,"end":3349.936},{"text":"as","start":3349.936,"end":3350.001},{"text":"with","start":3350.113,"end":3350.259},{"text":"space","start":3350.339,"end":3350.71},{"text":"agencies","start":3350.84,"end":3351.372},{"text":"bilaterally","start":3351.404,"end":3352.098},{"text":"and","start":3352.195,"end":3352.356},{"text":"globally","start":3352.356,"end":3352.744},{"text":"to","start":3353.357,"end":3353.47},{"text":"foster","start":3353.486,"end":3353.873},{"text":"cooperation","start":3353.889,"end":3354.551},{"text":"in","start":3354.551,"end":3354.631},{"text":"order","start":3354.712,"end":3354.873},{"text":"to","start":3354.873,"end":3355.003},{"text":"adopt","start":3355.019,"end":3355.341},{"text":"good","start":3355.341,"end":3355.487},{"text":"practices","start":3355.519,"end":3356.051},{"text":"that","start":3356.487,"end":3356.713},{"text":"will","start":3356.713,"end":3356.81},{"text":"lead","start":3356.81,"end":3357.02},{"text":"to","start":3357.02,"end":3357.213},{"text":"norms","start":3357.213,"end":3357.599},{"text":"and","start":3357.599,"end":3357.695},{"text":"policies","start":3357.695,"end":3358.307},{"text":"that","start":3358.42,"end":3358.597},{"text":"will","start":3358.645,"end":3358.709},{"text":"be","start":3358.742,"end":3358.903},{"text":"part","start":3358.903,"end":3359.321},{"text":"of","start":3359.321,"end":3359.401},{"text":"a","start":3359.401,"end":3359.466},{"text":"comprehensive","start":3359.466,"end":3360.045},{"text":"approach","start":3360.045,"end":3360.48},{"text":"for","start":3360.995,"end":3361.188},{"text":"space","start":3361.381,"end":3361.783},{"text":"management","start":3361.783,"end":3362.282},{"text":"in","start":3362.282,"end":3362.427},{"text":"my","start":3362.427,"end":3362.524},{"text":"country.","start":3362.524,"end":3362.926}]},{"text":"In the same vein, Ecuador has taken bilateral and multilateral steps in order to channel international cooperation, promoting an exchange of knowledge access to international funds, as well as to programs of technical cooperation to promote technology transfer.","start":3364.973,"end":3382.04,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3364.973,"end":3365.054},{"text":"the","start":3365.054,"end":3365.118},{"text":"same","start":3365.118,"end":3365.345},{"text":"vein,","start":3365.458,"end":3365.749},{"text":"Ecuador","start":3365.846,"end":3366.218},{"text":"has","start":3366.266,"end":3366.395},{"text":"taken","start":3366.509,"end":3366.8},{"text":"bilateral","start":3366.832,"end":3367.349},{"text":"and","start":3367.398,"end":3367.479},{"text":"multilateral","start":3367.479,"end":3368.222},{"text":"steps","start":3368.222,"end":3368.691},{"text":"in","start":3368.691,"end":3368.821},{"text":"order","start":3368.918,"end":3369.241},{"text":"to","start":3369.257,"end":3369.435},{"text":"channel","start":3370.939,"end":3371.311},{"text":"international","start":3371.44,"end":3372.006},{"text":"cooperation,","start":3372.006,"end":3372.685},{"text":"promoting","start":3372.895,"end":3373.412},{"text":"an","start":3373.461,"end":3373.509},{"text":"exchange","start":3373.542,"end":3374.011},{"text":"of","start":3374.027,"end":3374.156},{"text":"knowledge","start":3374.172,"end":3374.479},{"text":"access","start":3374.908,"end":3375.41},{"text":"to","start":3375.41,"end":3375.555},{"text":"international","start":3375.571,"end":3376.105},{"text":"funds,","start":3376.137,"end":3376.558},{"text":"as","start":3377.091,"end":3377.156},{"text":"well","start":3377.253,"end":3377.415},{"text":"as","start":3377.415,"end":3377.48},{"text":"to","start":3377.577,"end":3377.69},{"text":"programs","start":3377.754,"end":3378.288},{"text":"of","start":3378.337,"end":3378.45},{"text":"technical","start":3378.482,"end":3378.951},{"text":"cooperation","start":3378.951,"end":3379.663},{"text":"to","start":3379.695,"end":3379.792},{"text":"promote","start":3379.841,"end":3380.293},{"text":"technology","start":3380.762,"end":3381.328},{"text":"transfer.","start":3381.377,"end":3382.04}]},{"text":"The definition and delimitation of outer space, access to the geostationary orbit, strengthening and building capacity, and the implementation of international law and its application to small satellites are of particular importance within the legal framework, not outside outside of this framework.","start":3385.59,"end":3401.535,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3385.59,"end":3385.783},{"text":"definition","start":3385.783,"end":3386.346},{"text":"and","start":3386.346,"end":3386.427},{"text":"delimitation","start":3386.427,"end":3387.071},{"text":"of","start":3387.071,"end":3387.199},{"text":"outer","start":3387.296,"end":3387.473},{"text":"space,","start":3387.473,"end":3387.972},{"text":"access","start":3388.182,"end":3388.568},{"text":"to","start":3388.826,"end":3389.051},{"text":"the","start":3389.244,"end":3389.47},{"text":"geostationary","start":3389.47,"end":3390.21},{"text":"orbit,","start":3390.371,"end":3390.709},{"text":"strengthening","start":3390.758,"end":3391.337},{"text":"and","start":3391.337,"end":3391.498},{"text":"building","start":3391.498,"end":3391.772},{"text":"capacity,","start":3391.804,"end":3392.303},{"text":"and","start":3392.529,"end":3392.625},{"text":"the","start":3392.77,"end":3392.883},{"text":"implementation","start":3392.883,"end":3393.511},{"text":"of","start":3393.511,"end":3393.64},{"text":"international","start":3393.736,"end":3394.348},{"text":"law","start":3394.38,"end":3394.428},{"text":"and","start":3394.557,"end":3394.654},{"text":"its","start":3394.654,"end":3394.799},{"text":"application","start":3394.799,"end":3395.25},{"text":"to","start":3395.282,"end":3395.395},{"text":"small","start":3395.428,"end":3395.622},{"text":"satellites","start":3395.622,"end":3396.237},{"text":"are","start":3396.577,"end":3396.658},{"text":"of","start":3396.658,"end":3396.787},{"text":"particular","start":3396.803,"end":3397.37},{"text":"importance","start":3397.386,"end":3398.114},{"text":"within","start":3398.114,"end":3398.422},{"text":"the","start":3398.422,"end":3398.503},{"text":"legal","start":3398.503,"end":3398.81},{"text":"framework,","start":3398.842,"end":3399.409},{"text":"not","start":3400.04,"end":3400.267},{"text":"outside","start":3400.364,"end":3402.371},{"text":"outside","start":3400.54,"end":3400.829},{"text":"of","start":3400.829,"end":3400.941},{"text":"this","start":3400.973,"end":3401.085},{"text":"framework.","start":3401.198,"end":3401.535}]},{"text":"And finally, Chair, my country restates that international cooperation is essential when it comes to developing space capacity.","start":3401.76,"end":3408.6,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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you very much.","start":3424.416,"end":3424.962,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3424.416,"end":3424.576},{"text":"you","start":3424.576,"end":3424.64},{"text":"very","start":3424.64,"end":3424.801},{"text":"much.","start":3424.801,"end":3424.962}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":3425.042,"end":3425.271,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3425.042,"end":3425.138},{"text":"you","start":3425.138,"end":3425.17},{"text":"very","start":3425.17,"end":3425.251},{"text":"much.","start":3425.251,"end":3425.271}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas 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Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":3444.51,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=3445","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Merci, le président.","start":3444.51,"end":3445.474,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Merci,","start":3444.51,"end":3444.767},{"text":"le","start":3444.783,"end":3444.831},{"text":"président.","start":3444.831,"end":3445.474}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chairperson.","start":3446.552,"end":3447.806,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3446.552,"end":3446.874},{"text":"you,","start":3446.874,"end":3447.099},{"text":"Chairperson.","start":3447.115,"end":3447.806}]},{"text":"The delegation of Burkina Faso would like to congratulate you.","start":3448.16,"end":3452.245,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3448.16,"end":3448.257},{"text":"delegation","start":3448.257,"end":3449.173},{"text":"of","start":3449.431,"end":3449.656},{"text":"Burkina","start":3450.171,"end":3450.492},{"text":"Faso","start":3450.492,"end":3450.878},{"text":"would","start":3450.878,"end":3451.039},{"text":"like","start":3451.055,"end":3451.216},{"text":"to","start":3451.216,"end":3451.312},{"text":"congratulate","start":3451.377,"end":3451.972},{"text":"you.","start":3452.004,"end":3452.245}]},{"text":"on your chairmanship, your ongoing chairmanship of this 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Bureau.","start":3457.01,"end":3458.898,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3457.01,"end":3457.107},{"text":"also","start":3457.107,"end":3457.416},{"text":"congratulate","start":3457.416,"end":3457.856},{"text":"the","start":3457.856,"end":3457.921},{"text":"members","start":3457.921,"end":3458.182},{"text":"of","start":3458.23,"end":3458.296},{"text":"the","start":3458.328,"end":3458.409},{"text":"Bureau.","start":3458.409,"end":3458.898}]},{"text":"We express our thanks also to Madame Arti Holomaini, Director of the Office of Outer Space Affairs, for her introductory 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thank the Secretariat for organizing the session.","start":3468.628,"end":3472.573,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3468.628,"end":3468.708},{"text":"thank","start":3468.708,"end":3468.934},{"text":"the","start":3468.934,"end":3469.08},{"text":"Secretariat","start":3469.08,"end":3469.723},{"text":"for","start":3469.901,"end":3470.271},{"text":"organizing","start":3471.526,"end":3472.058},{"text":"the","start":3472.074,"end":3472.17},{"text":"session.","start":3472.17,"end":3472.573}]},{"text":"Burkina Faso aligns itself with the statement of the G77 on China and we wish to add the following comments in our national 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Faso attaches great importance to the efforts of the subcommittee to strengthen inter-regional cooperation and international cooperation so as to develop regional and local capacities to address specific challenges.","start":3487.033,"end":3505.524,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Burkina","start":3487.033,"end":3487.371},{"text":"Faso","start":3487.371,"end":3487.918},{"text":"attaches","start":3487.983,"end":3488.401},{"text":"great","start":3488.401,"end":3488.594},{"text":"importance","start":3488.642,"end":3489.125},{"text":"to","start":3489.125,"end":3489.27},{"text":"the","start":3489.27,"end":3489.366},{"text":"efforts","start":3489.366,"end":3489.688},{"text":"of","start":3489.688,"end":3489.833},{"text":"the","start":3489.833,"end":3489.929},{"text":"subcommittee","start":3489.929,"end":3490.525},{"text":"to","start":3491.522,"end":3491.795},{"text":"strengthen","start":3493.147,"end":3493.919},{"text":"inter-regional","start":3494.434,"end":3495.11},{"text":"cooperation","start":3495.32,"end":3495.932},{"text":"and","start":3496.189,"end":3496.286},{"text":"international","start":3496.286,"end":3496.881},{"text":"cooperation","start":3496.914,"end":3497.381},{"text":"so","start":3498.121,"end":3498.346},{"text":"as","start":3498.379,"end":3498.508},{"text":"to","start":3498.54,"end":3498.701},{"text":"develop","start":3498.701,"end":3499.168},{"text":"regional","start":3499.345,"end":3499.779},{"text":"and","start":3499.892,"end":3499.989},{"text":"local","start":3499.989,"end":3500.359},{"text":"capacities","start":3500.375,"end":3500.923},{"text":"to","start":3501.985,"end":3502.227},{"text":"address","start":3502.227,"end":3503.016},{"text":"specific","start":3504.656,"end":3504.913},{"text":"challenges.","start":3504.913,"end":3505.524}]},{"text":"Capacity building and technical assistance continue to be crucial for knowledge transfer and developing expertise.","start":3506.504,"end":3514.396,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Capacity","start":3506.504,"end":3507.002},{"text":"building","start":3507.083,"end":3507.452},{"text":"and","start":3507.549,"end":3507.645},{"text":"technical","start":3507.645,"end":3508.079},{"text":"assistance","start":3508.112,"end":3508.771},{"text":"continue","start":3509.253,"end":3509.655},{"text":"to","start":3509.655,"end":3509.735},{"text":"be","start":3509.735,"end":3509.96},{"text":"crucial","start":3509.96,"end":3510.41},{"text":"for","start":3510.539,"end":3510.892},{"text":"knowledge","start":3511.326,"end":3511.632},{"text":"transfer","start":3511.809,"end":3512.339},{"text":"and","start":3513.094,"end":3513.32},{"text":"developing","start":3513.32,"end":3513.734},{"text":"expertise.","start":3513.767,"end":3514.396}]},{"text":"Burkina Faso highlights the importance of upholding the principle of the non-militarization of outer space.","start":3516.56,"end":3524.909,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Burkina","start":3516.56,"end":3516.688},{"text":"Faso","start":3516.688,"end":3517.235},{"text":"highlights","start":3517.476,"end":3518.071},{"text":"the","start":3519.31,"end":3519.374},{"text":"importance","start":3519.374,"end":3519.985},{"text":"of","start":3520.049,"end":3520.178},{"text":"upholding","start":3520.226,"end":3520.982},{"text":"the","start":3521.159,"end":3521.368},{"text":"principle","start":3521.899,"end":3522.414},{"text":"of","start":3522.607,"end":3522.816},{"text":"the","start":3522.848,"end":3522.96},{"text":"non-militarization","start":3522.96,"end":3524.167},{"text":"of","start":3524.167,"end":3524.36},{"text":"outer","start":3524.36,"end":3524.489},{"text":"space.","start":3524.489,"end":3524.909}]},{"text":"This means that outer space should never be used in order to place or deploy weapons of any kind or regardless of the technology used.","start":3526.898,"end":3536.815,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3526.898,"end":3527.124},{"text":"means","start":3527.124,"end":3527.35},{"text":"that","start":3527.366,"end":3527.528},{"text":"outer","start":3527.528,"end":3527.706},{"text":"space","start":3527.706,"end":3528.029},{"text":"should","start":3528.029,"end":3528.191},{"text":"never","start":3528.191,"end":3528.434},{"text":"be","start":3528.434,"end":3528.595},{"text":"used","start":3528.595,"end":3529.096},{"text":"in","start":3529.242,"end":3529.29},{"text":"order","start":3529.387,"end":3529.63},{"text":"to","start":3529.63,"end":3529.695},{"text":"place","start":3529.791,"end":3530.131},{"text":"or","start":3530.131,"end":3530.228},{"text":"deploy","start":3530.2,"end":3530.505},{"text":"weapons","start":3530.794,"end":3531.323},{"text":"of","start":3531.918,"end":3532.126},{"text":"any","start":3532.383,"end":3532.608},{"text":"kind","start":3533.025,"end":3533.652},{"text":"or","start":3534.792,"end":3535.081},{"text":"regardless","start":3535.289,"end":3535.771},{"text":"of","start":3535.771,"end":3535.851},{"text":"the","start":3535.851,"end":3535.996},{"text":"technology","start":3535.996,"end":3536.429},{"text":"used.","start":3536.494,"end":3536.815}]},{"text":"Burkina Faso believes that outer space exploration and utilization must benefit all countries without discrimination, in line with international law and the Outer Space Treaty.","start":3537.377,"end":3552.839,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"activities","start":3556.148,"end":3556.533},{"text":"in","start":3556.549,"end":3556.71},{"text":"outer","start":3556.71,"end":3556.823},{"text":"space","start":3556.823,"end":3557.273},{"text":"must","start":3557.273,"end":3557.739},{"text":"respect","start":3558.318,"end":3558.736},{"text":"the","start":3558.736,"end":3558.816},{"text":"principle","start":3558.816,"end":3559.202},{"text":"of","start":3559.202,"end":3559.347},{"text":"non-appropriation","start":3559.363,"end":3560.215},{"text":"and","start":3560.826,"end":3560.906},{"text":"must","start":3560.906,"end":3561.115},{"text":"be","start":3561.147,"end":3561.228},{"text":"coordinated","start":3561.228,"end":3562.16},{"text":"under","start":3562.98,"end":3563.157},{"text":"the","start":3563.173,"end":3563.318},{"text":"auspices","start":3563.318,"end":3563.816},{"text":"of","start":3563.881,"end":3564.009},{"text":"the","start":3564.09,"end":3564.171},{"text":"United","start":3564.171,"end":3564.495},{"text":"Nations","start":3564.527,"end":3565.062},{"text":"in","start":3565.742,"end":3565.888},{"text":"an","start":3565.888,"end":3566.115},{"text":"inclusive","start":3566.406,"end":3567.103},{"text":"and","start":3567.103,"end":3567.2},{"text":"consensus-based","start":3567.2,"end":3568.075},{"text":"manner.","start":3568.075,"end":3569.695}]},{"text":"In the framework of sustainable development, Burkina Faso underscores that the responsible utilization of outer space should prioritize Capacity building so as to reduce inequalities and harness the necessary resources to achieve progress.","start":3571.494,"end":3592.542,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3571.494,"end":3571.575},{"text":"the","start":3571.575,"end":3571.623},{"text":"framework","start":3571.64,"end":3571.996},{"text":"of","start":3571.996,"end":3572.093},{"text":"sustainable","start":3572.109,"end":3572.641},{"text":"development,","start":3572.641,"end":3573.287},{"text":"Burkina","start":3573.674,"end":3574.029},{"text":"Faso","start":3574.078,"end":3574.481},{"text":"underscores","start":3574.481,"end":3575.094},{"text":"that","start":3575.272,"end":3575.627},{"text":"the","start":3575.918,"end":3575.998},{"text":"responsible","start":3575.998,"end":3576.773},{"text":"utilization","start":3576.822,"end":3577.58},{"text":"of","start":3577.774,"end":3578.08},{"text":"outer","start":3578.904,"end":3579.081},{"text":"space","start":3579.081,"end":3579.533},{"text":"should","start":3580.195,"end":3580.518},{"text":"prioritize","start":3580.518,"end":3581.309},{"text":"Capacity","start":3582.517,"end":3583.241},{"text":"building","start":3583.305,"end":3583.611},{"text":"so","start":3585.268,"end":3585.542},{"text":"as","start":3585.574,"end":3585.622},{"text":"to","start":3585.735,"end":3585.832},{"text":"reduce","start":3585.832,"end":3586.25},{"text":"inequalities","start":3587.73,"end":3588.438},{"text":"and","start":3588.535,"end":3588.696},{"text":"harness","start":3588.696,"end":3589.227},{"text":"the","start":3589.597,"end":3589.694},{"text":"necessary","start":3589.694,"end":3590.37},{"text":"resources","start":3590.37,"end":3590.937},{"text":"to","start":3591.683,"end":3591.796},{"text":"achieve","start":3591.796,"end":3592.12},{"text":"progress.","start":3592.12,"end":3592.542}]},{"text":"Investment in space technologies via science and technology education leverages the empowerment of women and young people.","start":3593.952,"end":3606.337,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"Investment","start":3593.952,"end":3594.682},{"text":"in","start":3594.682,"end":3594.795},{"text":"space","start":3594.958,"end":3595.46},{"text":"technologies","start":3595.671,"end":3596.368},{"text":"via","start":3597.697,"end":3598.2},{"text":"science","start":3599.011,"end":3599.692},{"text":"and","start":3599.804,"end":3600.336},{"text":"technology","start":3600.433,"end":3600.981},{"text":"education","start":3601.094,"end":3601.707},{"text":"leverages","start":3602.368,"end":3603.078},{"text":"the","start":3603.11,"end":3603.272},{"text":"empowerment","start":3603.272,"end":3603.901},{"text":"of","start":3604.062,"end":3604.369},{"text":"women","start":3604.788,"end":3605.095},{"text":"and","start":3605.514,"end":3605.675},{"text":"young","start":3605.675,"end":3605.82},{"text":"people.","start":3605.933,"end":3606.337}]},{"text":"With that in mind, we call therefore for additional funding to allow UNUSA to continue pursuing its technical assistance and capacity building programs for the benefit of developing countries.","start":3609.551,"end":3624.845,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Czechia.","start":3743.71,"end":3750.637,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3743.71,"end":3743.774},{"text":"following","start":3743.774,"end":3744.033},{"text":"speaker","start":3744.049,"end":3744.47},{"text":"on","start":3746.574,"end":3746.704},{"text":"my","start":3746.72,"end":3746.833},{"text":"list","start":3746.833,"end":3747.286},{"text":"is","start":3747.367,"end":3747.432},{"text":"the","start":3747.529,"end":3747.691},{"text":"distinguished","start":3747.691,"end":3748.306},{"text":"representative","start":3748.5,"end":3749.132},{"text":"of","start":3749.892,"end":3750.022},{"text":"Czechia.","start":3750.038,"end":3750.637}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":3759.061,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=3760","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3759.061,"end":3759.955,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3759.061,"end":3759.24},{"text":"you,","start":3759.24,"end":3759.321},{"text":"Mr.","start":3759.37,"end":3759.565},{"text":"Chair.","start":3759.614,"end":3759.955}]},{"text":"At the outset, allow me to extend our sincere appreciation to you The Office of Outer Space Affairs and the Secretariat for the preparation of this session and for the continued support provided during the intersessional period.","start":3760.588,"end":3772.758,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":3822.468,"end":3822.644},{"text":"recognizing","start":3822.644,"end":3823.334},{"text":"complementary","start":3823.43,"end":3824.152},{"text":"initiatives","start":3824.297,"end":3824.922},{"text":"emerging","start":3825.035,"end":3825.388},{"text":"beyond","start":3825.5,"end":3825.821},{"text":"COPUS,","start":3825.821,"end":3826.302},{"text":"we","start":3826.559,"end":3826.655},{"text":"stress","start":3826.655,"end":3827.056},{"text":"that","start":3827.056,"end":3827.201},{"text":"such","start":3827.201,"end":3827.441},{"text":"efforts","start":3827.521,"end":3827.923},{"text":"must","start":3827.923,"end":3828.179},{"text":"adhere","start":3828.179,"end":3828.516},{"text":"to","start":3828.645,"end":3828.773},{"text":"established","start":3828.805,"end":3829.318},{"text":"treaty","start":3829.35,"end":3829.655},{"text":"obligations","start":3829.687,"end":3830.457},{"text":"and","start":3830.955,"end":3831.035},{"text":"align","start":3831.035,"end":3831.324},{"text":"with","start":3831.372,"end":3831.484},{"text":"the","start":3831.516,"end":3831.597},{"text":"collectively","start":3831.613,"end":3832.222},{"text":"agreed","start":3832.351,"end":3832.688},{"text":"principles","start":3832.976,"end":3833.506},{"text":"codified","start":3833.602,"end":3834.099},{"text":"through","start":3834.099,"end":3834.34},{"text":"this","start":3834.34,"end":3834.501},{"text":"committee's","start":3834.501,"end":3834.982},{"text":"work.","start":3834.982,"end":3835.206}]},{"text":"Czech Republic views fragmentation of legal regimes as a risk to predictability and stability essential for peaceful space exploration.","start":3835.944,"end":3844.255,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Czech","start":3835.944,"end":3836.121},{"text":"Republic","start":3836.121,"end":3836.57},{"text":"views","start":3836.57,"end":3836.795},{"text":"fragmentation","start":3836.891,"end":3837.822},{"text":"of","start":3838.11,"end":3838.255},{"text":"legal","start":3838.255,"end":3838.576},{"text":"regimes","start":3838.576,"end":3839.121},{"text":"as","start":3839.153,"end":3839.201},{"text":"a","start":3839.298,"end":3839.314},{"text":"risk","start":3839.314,"end":3839.619},{"text":"to","start":3839.619,"end":3839.715},{"text":"predictability","start":3839.715,"end":3840.565},{"text":"and","start":3840.758,"end":3840.822},{"text":"stability","start":3840.902,"end":3841.367},{"text":"essential","start":3841.817,"end":3844.079},{"text":"for","start":3842.346,"end":3842.474},{"text":"peaceful","start":3842.522,"end":3843.02},{"text":"space","start":3843.02,"end":3843.485},{"text":"exploration.","start":3843.485,"end":3844.255}]},{"text":"In this context, we welcome the initiative to organize Unispace 4 conference in 2027, and we thank UNOSA for submitting the comprehensive non-paper containing several options which will help our discussions.","start":3845.491,"end":3857.812,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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also wish to extend our sincere condolences to our Polish colleagues on the passing of Ambassador Andrzej Misztal, the esteemed Chair of the Working Group, whose leadership made a lasting contribution to advancing the group's 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see the work of the group as an important step towards fostering a common understanding and ensuring that future activities in the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources are conducted in accordance with international law and in full compliance with the existing legal framework for the exploration and use of outer space in a safe, sustainable, and peaceful manner.","start":3896.436,"end":3918.449,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."},{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. 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Czech Republic supports the Working Group's efforts to build consensus on principles that reflect the interests of all states and the broader international 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Chair, turning to Agenda Item 9 on space debris mitigation, Czech Republic reiterates its longstanding commitment to advancing responsible practices in this area.","start":3928.777,"end":3938.11,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3928.777,"end":3928.986},{"text":"Chair,","start":3929.034,"end":3929.29},{"text":"turning","start":3929.819,"end":3930.06},{"text":"to","start":3930.156,"end":3930.301},{"text":"Agenda","start":3930.301,"end":3930.621},{"text":"Item","start":3930.701,"end":3930.926},{"text":"9","start":3931.038,"end":3931.311},{"text":"on","start":3931.439,"end":3931.487},{"text":"space","start":3931.519,"end":3931.776},{"text":"debris","start":3931.776,"end":3932},{"text":"mitigation,","start":3932,"end":3932.77},{"text":"Czech","start":3932.866,"end":3933.027},{"text":"Republic","start":3933.027,"end":3933.427},{"text":"reiterates","start":3933.524,"end":3934.101},{"text":"its","start":3934.149,"end":3934.309},{"text":"longstanding","start":3934.309,"end":3934.935},{"text":"commitment","start":3934.967,"end":3935.592},{"text":"to","start":3935.592,"end":3935.673},{"text":"advancing","start":3935.689,"end":3936.218},{"text":"responsible","start":3936.314,"end":3936.891},{"text":"practices","start":3936.891,"end":3937.388},{"text":"in","start":3937.452,"end":3937.501},{"text":"this","start":3937.533,"end":3937.661},{"text":"area.","start":3937.837,"end":3938.11}]},{"text":"As a co-initiator of Compendium of Space Debris Mitigation Standards, we appreciate the recent contributions and updates from member states and international organizations, which have further enriched this valuable resource.","start":3939.136,"end":3953.195,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3939.136,"end":3939.184},{"text":"a","start":3939.232,"end":3939.297},{"text":"co-initiator","start":3939.297,"end":3940.515},{"text":"of","start":3940.644,"end":3940.708},{"text":"Compendium","start":3940.74,"end":3941.333},{"text":"of","start":3941.766,"end":3941.846},{"text":"Space","start":3941.846,"end":3942.247},{"text":"Debris","start":3942.247,"end":3942.52},{"text":"Mitigation","start":3942.52,"end":3943.129},{"text":"Standards,","start":3943.129,"end":3943.674},{"text":"we","start":3943.867,"end":3943.947},{"text":"appreciate","start":3944.027,"end":3944.508},{"text":"the","start":3944.508,"end":3944.572},{"text":"recent","start":3944.588,"end":3944.925},{"text":"contributions","start":3944.973,"end":3945.839},{"text":"and","start":3946.512,"end":3946.576},{"text":"updates","start":3946.673,"end":3947.153},{"text":"from","start":3947.153,"end":3947.298},{"text":"member","start":3947.394,"end":3947.65},{"text":"states","start":3947.65,"end":3948.163},{"text":"and","start":3948.98,"end":3949.044},{"text":"international","start":3949.317,"end":3949.942},{"text":"organizations,","start":3949.942,"end":3950.807},{"text":"which","start":3951.063,"end":3951.16},{"text":"have","start":3951.16,"end":3951.304},{"text":"further","start":3951.304,"end":3951.769},{"text":"enriched","start":3951.801,"end":3952.105},{"text":"this","start":3952.105,"end":3952.281},{"text":"valuable","start":3952.281,"end":3952.65},{"text":"resource.","start":3952.682,"end":3953.195}]},{"text":"We encourage all member states and relevant international stakeholders to share their standards and best practices in this field, including those related to emerging challenges, such as the proliferation of large satellite constellations.","start":3953.724,"end":3965.951,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3953.724,"end":3953.868},{"text":"encourage","start":3953.868,"end":3954.284},{"text":"all","start":3954.429,"end":3954.541},{"text":"member","start":3954.541,"end":3954.845},{"text":"states","start":3954.845,"end":3955.39},{"text":"and","start":3955.406,"end":3955.47},{"text":"relevant","start":3955.55,"end":3955.903},{"text":"international","start":3955.967,"end":3956.464},{"text":"stakeholders","start":3956.464,"end":3957.217},{"text":"to","start":3957.313,"end":3957.361},{"text":"share","start":3957.409,"end":3957.65},{"text":"their","start":3957.65,"end":3957.762},{"text":"standards","start":3957.762,"end":3958.371},{"text":"and","start":3958.371,"end":3958.515},{"text":"best","start":3958.515,"end":3958.691},{"text":"practices","start":3958.691,"end":3959.22},{"text":"in","start":3959.316,"end":3959.364},{"text":"this","start":3959.396,"end":3959.509},{"text":"field,","start":3959.557,"end":3959.893},{"text":"including","start":3960.214,"end":3960.743},{"text":"those","start":3960.775,"end":3961.063},{"text":"related","start":3961.255,"end":3961.72},{"text":"to","start":3961.72,"end":3961.8},{"text":"emerging","start":3961.816,"end":3962.249},{"text":"challenges,","start":3962.361,"end":3962.826},{"text":"such","start":3963.002,"end":3963.21},{"text":"as","start":3963.259,"end":3963.307},{"text":"the","start":3963.339,"end":3963.419},{"text":"proliferation","start":3963.419,"end":3964.188},{"text":"of","start":3964.22,"end":3964.316},{"text":"large","start":3964.364,"end":3964.557},{"text":"satellite","start":3964.557,"end":3965.021},{"text":"constellations.","start":3965.021,"end":3965.951}]},{"text":"We also welcome the growing focus on the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, As reflected in the Lisbon Declaration and the ongoing work of the Action Team on Learn Lunar Activities Consultation.","start":3966.784,"end":3978.946,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3966.784,"end":3966.864},{"text":"also","start":3966.928,"end":3967.121},{"text":"welcome","start":3967.185,"end":3967.665},{"text":"the","start":3967.665,"end":3967.746},{"text":"growing","start":3967.746,"end":3968.114},{"text":"focus","start":3968.21,"end":3968.787},{"text":"on","start":3968.851,"end":3968.947},{"text":"the","start":3968.947,"end":3969.092},{"text":"long-term","start":3969.092,"end":3969.572},{"text":"sustainability","start":3969.588,"end":3970.277},{"text":"of","start":3970.454,"end":3970.614},{"text":"outer","start":3970.63,"end":3970.79},{"text":"space","start":3970.79,"end":3971.063},{"text":"activities,","start":3971.127,"end":3971.527},{"text":"As","start":3972.154,"end":3972.202},{"text":"reflected","start":3972.25,"end":3972.86},{"text":"in","start":3972.956,"end":3973.037},{"text":"the","start":3973.037,"end":3973.101},{"text":"Lisbon","start":3973.101,"end":3973.326},{"text":"Declaration","start":3973.358,"end":3973.968},{"text":"and","start":3974.161,"end":3974.225},{"text":"the","start":3974.305,"end":3974.45},{"text":"ongoing","start":3974.466,"end":3974.931},{"text":"work","start":3975.044,"end":3975.349},{"text":"of","start":3975.429,"end":3975.493},{"text":"the","start":3975.525,"end":3975.67},{"text":"Action","start":3975.75,"end":3976.087},{"text":"Team","start":3976.168,"end":3976.425},{"text":"on","start":3976.569,"end":3976.698},{"text":"Learn","start":3976.714,"end":3976.938},{"text":"Lunar","start":3977.195,"end":3977.549},{"text":"Activities","start":3977.629,"end":3978.143},{"text":"Consultation.","start":3978.239,"end":3978.946}]},{"text":"These initiatives underscore the importance of transparency, information sharing, and the proper registration of all space objects, as well as the need to address the legal implication of new technologies, including artificial intelligence and autonomous systems for space traffic management.","start":3979.861,"end":3996.479,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3979.861,"end":3979.989},{"text":"initiatives","start":3980.102,"end":3980.792},{"text":"underscore","start":3980.904,"end":3981.338},{"text":"the","start":3981.386,"end":3981.547},{"text":"importance","start":3981.547,"end":3982.125},{"text":"of","start":3982.125,"end":3982.189},{"text":"transparency,","start":3982.253,"end":3983.04},{"text":"information","start":3983.474,"end":3984.003},{"text":"sharing,","start":3984.019,"end":3984.405},{"text":"and","start":3984.597,"end":3984.694},{"text":"the","start":3984.694,"end":3984.822},{"text":"proper","start":3984.822,"end":3985.079},{"text":"registration","start":3985.079,"end":3985.85},{"text":"of","start":3986.203,"end":3986.299},{"text":"all","start":3986.428,"end":3986.476},{"text":"space","start":3986.524,"end":3986.878},{"text":"objects,","start":3987.086,"end":3987.568},{"text":"as","start":3987.793,"end":3987.857},{"text":"well","start":3987.953,"end":3988.066},{"text":"as","start":3988.226,"end":3988.339},{"text":"the","start":3988.371,"end":3988.451},{"text":"need","start":3988.451,"end":3988.692},{"text":"to","start":3988.692,"end":3988.772},{"text":"address","start":3988.772,"end":3989.174},{"text":"the","start":3989.174,"end":3989.238},{"text":"legal","start":3989.238,"end":3989.495},{"text":"implication","start":3989.495,"end":3990.185},{"text":"of","start":3990.635,"end":3990.747},{"text":"new","start":3990.779,"end":3990.876},{"text":"technologies,","start":3991.004,"end":3991.791},{"text":"including","start":3991.967,"end":3992.353},{"text":"artificial","start":3992.449,"end":3992.883},{"text":"intelligence","start":3992.947,"end":3993.621},{"text":"and","start":3993.894,"end":3993.958},{"text":"autonomous","start":3994.055,"end":3994.44},{"text":"systems","start":3994.537,"end":3994.954},{"text":"for","start":3995.018,"end":3995.115},{"text":"space","start":3995.115,"end":3995.388},{"text":"traffic","start":3995.436,"end":3995.821},{"text":"management.","start":3995.821,"end":3996.479}]},{"text":"In this context, we strongly support a closer collaboration between the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and the Legal Subcommittee.","start":3997.122,"end":4003.87,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3997.122,"end":3997.17},{"text":"this","start":3997.186,"end":3997.298},{"text":"context,","start":3997.347,"end":3997.909},{"text":"we","start":3997.925,"end":3998.005},{"text":"strongly","start":3998.005,"end":3998.407},{"text":"support","start":3998.407,"end":3998.809},{"text":"a","start":3998.809,"end":3998.873},{"text":"closer","start":3998.873,"end":3999.275},{"text":"collaboration","start":3999.275,"end":4000.046},{"text":"between","start":4000.175,"end":4000.464},{"text":"the","start":4000.496,"end":4000.576},{"text":"Scientific","start":4000.576,"end":4001.364},{"text":"and","start":4001.38,"end":4001.444},{"text":"Technical","start":4001.46,"end":4001.862},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":4001.862,"end":4002.344},{"text":"and","start":4002.826,"end":4002.97},{"text":"the","start":4002.97,"end":4003.051},{"text":"Legal","start":4003.051,"end":4003.308},{"text":"Subcommittee.","start":4003.308,"end":4003.87}]},{"text":"Such cooperation is essential to achieving consensus on globally acceptable frameworks for space traffic management, debris mitigation, and the responsible use of new technologies.","start":4004.352,"end":4015.166,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":4004.352,"end":4004.513},{"text":"cooperation","start":4004.529,"end":4005.3},{"text":"is","start":4005.3,"end":4005.332},{"text":"essential","start":4005.332,"end":4005.847},{"text":"to","start":4006.104,"end":4006.248},{"text":"achieving","start":4006.264,"end":4006.73},{"text":"consensus","start":4007.245,"end":4007.903},{"text":"on","start":4008.112,"end":4008.176},{"text":"globally","start":4008.209,"end":4008.514},{"text":"acceptable","start":4008.53,"end":4009.076},{"text":"frameworks","start":4009.076,"end":4009.767},{"text":"for","start":4009.896,"end":4010.073},{"text":"space","start":4010.073,"end":4010.539},{"text":"traffic","start":4010.539,"end":4010.876},{"text":"management,","start":4010.94,"end":4011.503},{"text":"debris","start":4011.808,"end":4012.065},{"text":"mitigation,","start":4012.065,"end":4012.756},{"text":"and","start":4013.19,"end":4013.254},{"text":"the","start":4013.286,"end":4013.366},{"text":"responsible","start":4013.366,"end":4013.993},{"text":"use","start":4014.057,"end":4014.315},{"text":"of","start":4014.315,"end":4014.395},{"text":"new","start":4014.395,"end":4014.491},{"text":"technologies.","start":4014.539,"end":4015.166}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4015.905,"end":4016.114,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4015.905,"end":4016.114}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, in closing, let me reiterate the Czech Republic's strong support for the ongoing work and overarching goals of the Legal Subcommittee.","start":4016.162,"end":4024.041,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4016.162,"end":4016.564},{"text":"in","start":4016.725,"end":4016.773},{"text":"closing,","start":4016.885,"end":4017.255},{"text":"let","start":4017.769,"end":4017.93},{"text":"me","start":4017.93,"end":4018.074},{"text":"reiterate","start":4018.074,"end":4018.749},{"text":"the","start":4018.749,"end":4018.814},{"text":"Czech","start":4018.814,"end":4018.99},{"text":"Republic's","start":4018.99,"end":4019.44},{"text":"strong","start":4019.44,"end":4019.746},{"text":"support","start":4019.762,"end":4020.228},{"text":"for","start":4020.26,"end":4020.436},{"text":"the","start":4020.436,"end":4020.629},{"text":"ongoing","start":4020.645,"end":4021.031},{"text":"work","start":4021.143,"end":4021.449},{"text":"and","start":4021.85,"end":4021.931},{"text":"overarching","start":4022.027,"end":4022.654},{"text":"goals","start":4022.654,"end":4022.959},{"text":"of","start":4022.975,"end":4023.248},{"text":"the","start":4023.072,"end":4023.153},{"text":"Legal","start":4023.153,"end":4023.395},{"text":"Subcommittee.","start":4023.395,"end":4024.041}]},{"text":"We remain fully committed to actively engaging in the development of international space law and the establishment of clear, transparent, and sustainable standards for the peaceful use and responsible management of outer space.","start":4024.59,"end":4036.835,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. 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statement.","start":4041.653,"end":4046.568,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4041.653,"end":4042.249},{"text":"you","start":4042.298,"end":4042.362},{"text":"very","start":4042.362,"end":4042.555},{"text":"much","start":4042.555,"end":4042.862},{"text":"to","start":4042.862,"end":4043.184},{"text":"the","start":4043.345,"end":4043.506},{"text":"distinguished","start":4043.506,"end":4043.99},{"text":"representative","start":4043.99,"end":4044.473},{"text":"of","start":4044.473,"end":4044.618},{"text":"Czechia","start":4044.618,"end":4045.182},{"text":"for","start":4045.762,"end":4045.924},{"text":"her","start":4045.924,"end":4046.02},{"text":"statement.","start":4046.02,"end":4046.568}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Peru.","start":4048.666,"end":4053.583,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4048.666,"end":4048.762},{"text":"following","start":4048.762,"end":4049.052},{"text":"speaker","start":4049.148,"end":4049.566},{"text":"on","start":4049.566,"end":4049.614},{"text":"my","start":4049.646,"end":4049.807},{"text":"list","start":4049.807,"end":4050.176},{"text":"is","start":4051.253,"end":4051.301},{"text":"the","start":4051.414,"end":4051.558},{"text":"distinguished","start":4051.558,"end":4052.121},{"text":"representative","start":4052.121,"end":4052.908},{"text":"of","start":4053.004,"end":4053.085},{"text":"Peru.","start":4053.101,"end":4053.583}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":4054.772,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=4055","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":4054.772,"end":4055.817,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4054.772,"end":4054.901},{"text":"you","start":4054.949,"end":4055.013},{"text":"very","start":4055.013,"end":4055.27},{"text":"much,","start":4055.27,"end":4055.431},{"text":"Chair.","start":4055.575,"end":4055.817}]},{"text":"On behalf of the delegation of Peru, we wish to express our gratitude to you and our support for this new session of the Legal Subcommittee of 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fully trust that under your leadership, this will be a successful and productive session.","start":4065.554,"end":4071.692,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4065.554,"end":4065.667},{"text":"fully","start":4066.904,"end":4067.209},{"text":"trust","start":4067.241,"end":4067.515},{"text":"that","start":4067.547,"end":4067.707},{"text":"under","start":4067.723,"end":4067.948},{"text":"your","start":4067.948,"end":4068.077},{"text":"leadership,","start":4068.125,"end":4068.8},{"text":"this","start":4068.913,"end":4069.121},{"text":"will","start":4069.652,"end":4069.764},{"text":"be","start":4069.796,"end":4069.893},{"text":"a","start":4069.893,"end":4069.989},{"text":"successful","start":4069.989,"end":4070.584},{"text":"and","start":4070.68,"end":4070.777},{"text":"productive","start":4070.777,"end":4071.226},{"text":"session.","start":4071.243,"end":4071.692}]},{"text":"Peru was one of the first states to accede to the 5 outer space treaties and has carried out its space activities in strict compliance with this international legal basis through its space agency that was established in 1974.","start":4072.528,"end":4088.67,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4090.08,"end":4090.224},{"text":"time","start":4090.336,"end":4090.544},{"text":"has","start":4090.593,"end":4090.705},{"text":"gone","start":4090.737,"end":4090.945},{"text":"by,","start":4090.977,"end":4091.169},{"text":"we","start":4091.218,"end":4091.314},{"text":"have","start":4091.314,"end":4091.426},{"text":"closely","start":4091.458,"end":4091.875},{"text":"followed","start":4091.875,"end":4092.387},{"text":"the","start":4092.516,"end":4092.708},{"text":"rapid","start":4092.724,"end":4093.14},{"text":"development","start":4093.14,"end":4093.717},{"text":"of","start":4093.717,"end":4093.797},{"text":"space","start":4093.797,"end":4094.134},{"text":"technologies","start":4094.182,"end":4094.871},{"text":"and","start":4095.128,"end":4095.288},{"text":"their","start":4095.288,"end":4095.352},{"text":"applications","start":4095.464,"end":4096.313},{"text":"harnessed","start":4096.345,"end":4096.906},{"text":"for","start":4097.531,"end":4097.659},{"text":"the","start":4097.707,"end":4097.788},{"text":"service","start":4097.788,"end":4098.188},{"text":"of","start":4098.188,"end":4098.252},{"text":"science,","start":4098.252,"end":4098.701},{"text":"the","start":4098.813,"end":4098.893},{"text":"well-being","start":4098.893,"end":4099.262},{"text":"of","start":4099.31,"end":4099.438},{"text":"society,","start":4099.454,"end":4099.999},{"text":"and","start":4100.095,"end":4100.191},{"text":"for","start":4100.191,"end":4100.352},{"text":"trade.","start":4100.319,"end":4100.672}]},{"text":"Our country has experienced the benefits of space technology chiefly through Perusat, which is the first optical satellite system for sub-metrical Earth observation of the region.","start":4101.651,"end":4113.645,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":4160.051,"end":4160.533},{"text":"we","start":4160.597,"end":4160.661},{"text":"are","start":4160.677,"end":4160.726},{"text":"pleased","start":4160.838,"end":4161.143},{"text":"to","start":4161.143,"end":4161.175},{"text":"inform","start":4161.175,"end":4161.545},{"text":"you","start":4161.545,"end":4161.625},{"text":"that","start":4161.625,"end":4161.802},{"text":"Peru","start":4161.802,"end":4162.059},{"text":"will","start":4162.267,"end":4162.38},{"text":"host","start":4162.524,"end":4163.135},{"text":"the","start":4163.231,"end":4163.488},{"text":"4th","start":4163.488,"end":4163.938},{"text":"encounter","start":4164.05,"end":4164.516},{"text":"of","start":4164.516,"end":4164.613},{"text":"the","start":4164.613,"end":4164.757},{"text":"Artemis","start":4164.837,"end":4165.207},{"text":"Accords","start":4165.271,"end":4165.705},{"text":"workshop","start":4165.737,"end":4166.203},{"text":"in","start":4166.203,"end":4166.251},{"text":"2026","start":4166.283,"end":4167.423},{"text":"in","start":4168.066,"end":4168.162},{"text":"order","start":4168.21,"end":4168.371},{"text":"to","start":4168.371,"end":4168.484},{"text":"exchange","start":4168.484,"end":4169.126},{"text":"ideas","start":4169.576,"end":4170.042},{"text":"regarding","start":4170.058,"end":4170.443},{"text":"these","start":4170.539,"end":4170.684},{"text":"principles","start":4170.796,"end":4171.327},{"text":"of","start":4171.343,"end":4171.407},{"text":"cooperation.","start":4171.439,"end":4172.049}]},{"text":"And for the first time in Latin America, we will be pleased to host the delegates of the signatory countries to these agreements.","start":4172.628,"end":4178.745,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4172.628,"end":4173.013},{"text":"for","start":4173.029,"end":4173.19},{"text":"the","start":4173.19,"end":4173.27},{"text":"first","start":4173.27,"end":4173.607},{"text":"time","start":4173.607,"end":4173.816},{"text":"in","start":4173.864,"end":4173.977},{"text":"Latin","start":4173.993,"end":4174.17},{"text":"America,","start":4174.17,"end":4174.587},{"text":"we","start":4174.635,"end":4174.796},{"text":"will","start":4174.796,"end":4174.86},{"text":"be","start":4174.957,"end":4175.053},{"text":"pleased","start":4175.053,"end":4175.503},{"text":"to","start":4175.599,"end":4175.695},{"text":"host","start":4175.695,"end":4176.001},{"text":"the","start":4176.001,"end":4176.081},{"text":"delegates","start":4176.097,"end":4176.579},{"text":"of","start":4176.579,"end":4176.659},{"text":"the","start":4176.659,"end":4176.739},{"text":"signatory","start":4176.739,"end":4177.27},{"text":"countries","start":4177.366,"end":4177.751},{"text":"to","start":4177.783,"end":4177.911},{"text":"these","start":4177.943,"end":4178.071},{"text":"agreements.","start":4178.119,"end":4178.745}]},{"text":"We are equally pleased to inform you that Peru is a member state of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization, APSCO.","start":4179.868,"end":4187.196,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."},{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":4187.79,"end":4188.111},{"text":"2008,","start":4188.111,"end":4189.153},{"text":"this","start":4189.233,"end":4189.297},{"text":"has","start":4189.394,"end":4189.506},{"text":"provided","start":4189.554,"end":4190.115},{"text":"an","start":4190.115,"end":4190.163},{"text":"effective","start":4190.195,"end":4190.901},{"text":"platform","start":4191.174,"end":4191.623},{"text":"for","start":4191.655,"end":4191.783},{"text":"space","start":4191.799,"end":4192.12},{"text":"cooperation","start":4192.12,"end":4192.665},{"text":"to","start":4192.777,"end":4192.906},{"text":"promote","start":4192.938,"end":4193.419},{"text":"projects","start":4193.419,"end":4193.948},{"text":"and","start":4194.381,"end":4194.445},{"text":"to","start":4194.525,"end":4194.622},{"text":"engage","start":4194.622,"end":4195.167},{"text":"in","start":4195.327,"end":4195.456},{"text":"peaceful","start":4195.744,"end":4196.161},{"text":"exchanges","start":4196.161,"end":4196.642},{"text":"for","start":4196.706,"end":4196.803},{"text":"the","start":4196.803,"end":4196.883},{"text":"socioeconomic","start":4196.883,"end":4197.669},{"text":"development","start":4197.669,"end":4198.15},{"text":"of","start":4198.15,"end":4198.23},{"text":"its","start":4198.23,"end":4198.326},{"text":"members.","start":4198.374,"end":4198.679}]},{"text":"As such, Peru is particularly interested in promoting its participation and cooperation in the scientific exploration of space, technology transfer, and capacity building in space.","start":4199.657,"end":4210.202,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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you very much.","start":4221.498,"end":4222.14,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4221.498,"end":4221.674},{"text":"you","start":4221.674,"end":4221.739},{"text":"very","start":4221.739,"end":4221.835},{"text":"much.","start":4221.835,"end":4222.14}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PER","affiliation_full":"Peru","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":4225.202,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=4226","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of Peru for her 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Chair.","start":4236.477,"end":4236.962,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4236.477,"end":4236.655},{"text":"you,","start":4236.655,"end":4236.736},{"text":"Chair.","start":4236.784,"end":4236.962}]},{"text":"I would first like to commend your continued leadership and also to express Israel's appreciation for the work of the committee and the continued leadership of Director Arteola Maini and the UNRWA 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the last LSE session, the State of Israel has continued to advance its national space legislation.","start":4253.932,"end":4259.251,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. 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take this opportunity to reiterate our call for the immediate and unconditional release of all of 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efforts support shared scientific and technological goals that lay the groundwork for sustainable lunar activities and future Mars 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France, the CL mission, a joint project by ISA and CNES, is progressing.","start":4347.301,"end":4352.409,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":4347.301,"end":4347.398},{"text":"France,","start":4347.462,"end":4347.848},{"text":"the","start":4347.864,"end":4347.992},{"text":"CL","start":4347.992,"end":4348.265},{"text":"mission,","start":4348.265,"end":4348.619},{"text":"a","start":4348.811,"end":4348.827},{"text":"joint","start":4348.892,"end":4349.084},{"text":"project","start":4349.149,"end":4349.55},{"text":"by","start":4349.55,"end":4349.663},{"text":"ISA","start":4349.952,"end":4350.514},{"text":"and","start":4350.578,"end":4350.642},{"text":"CNES,","start":4350.69,"end":4351.188},{"text":"is","start":4351.718,"end":4351.767},{"text":"progressing.","start":4351.799,"end":4352.409}]},{"text":"This mission will contribute to global environmental monitoring and technological innovation, particularly in enhancing satellite autonomy and reducing operational costs.","start":4353.79,"end":4363.344,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4529.633,"end":4529.778},{"text":"welcome","start":4529.794,"end":4530.276},{"text":"the","start":4530.276,"end":4530.356},{"text":"reaffirmation","start":4530.662,"end":4531.353},{"text":"of","start":4531.401,"end":4531.497},{"text":"these","start":4531.545,"end":4531.69},{"text":"principles","start":4531.722,"end":4532.734},{"text":"in","start":4532.831,"end":4532.895},{"text":"the","start":4532.927,"end":4533.008},{"text":"Pact","start":4533.088,"end":4533.506},{"text":"for","start":4533.57,"end":4533.699},{"text":"the","start":4533.795,"end":4533.891},{"text":"Future,","start":4533.891,"end":4534.39},{"text":"which","start":4534.454,"end":4534.582},{"text":"particularly","start":4534.695,"end":4535.546},{"text":"highlights","start":4535.563,"end":4536.125},{"text":"the","start":4536.125,"end":4536.221},{"text":"importance","start":4536.221,"end":4536.736},{"text":"of","start":4536.848,"end":4536.993},{"text":"the","start":4537.025,"end":4537.282},{"text":"widest","start":4537.651,"end":4538.053},{"text":"possible","start":4538.053,"end":4538.487},{"text":"adherence","start":4538.616,"end":4539.082},{"text":"to","start":4539.178,"end":4539.403},{"text":"and","start":4539.419,"end":4539.564},{"text":"full","start":4539.596,"end":4539.789},{"text":"compliance","start":4539.837,"end":4540.383},{"text":"with","start":4540.383,"end":4540.528},{"text":"the","start":4540.56,"end":4540.64},{"text":"1967","start":4540.93,"end":4542.15},{"text":"Outer","start":4542.15,"end":4542.407},{"text":"Space","start":4542.407,"end":4542.824},{"text":"Treaty,","start":4542.888,"end":4543.547},{"text":"the","start":4544.157,"end":4544.253},{"text":"cornerstone","start":4544.253,"end":4545.024},{"text":"of","start":4545.12,"end":4545.233},{"text":"the","start":4545.233,"end":4545.361},{"text":"international","start":4545.361,"end":4545.971},{"text":"legal","start":4546.26,"end":4546.646},{"text":"regime","start":4546.646,"end":4547.015},{"text":"governing","start":4547.127,"end":4547.593},{"text":"outer","start":4547.77,"end":4548.027},{"text":"space","start":4548.027,"end":4548.316},{"text":"activities.","start":4548.428,"end":4549.006}]},{"text":"We further note its emphasis on the critical role of safe, secure, and sustainable use of space in the achievement of the 2030 Agenda, as well as the need to establish new frameworks for space traffic, space debris, and space resources through COPOS.","start":4549.616,"end":4566.379,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4581,"end":4581.08},{"text":"this","start":4581.08,"end":4581.304},{"text":"regard,","start":4581.304,"end":4581.721},{"text":"technical","start":4581.785,"end":4582.346},{"text":"support","start":4582.346,"end":4582.827},{"text":"and","start":4582.827,"end":4582.907},{"text":"cooperation,","start":4582.987,"end":4583.773},{"text":"as","start":4584.126,"end":4584.174},{"text":"well","start":4584.286,"end":4584.462},{"text":"as","start":4584.462,"end":4584.542},{"text":"sharing","start":4584.542,"end":4585.055},{"text":"of","start":4585.168,"end":4585.296},{"text":"know-how","start":4585.392,"end":4585.729},{"text":"between","start":4585.969,"end":4586.338},{"text":"the","start":4586.37,"end":4586.45},{"text":"developed","start":4586.45,"end":4587.172},{"text":"and","start":4587.172,"end":4587.236},{"text":"developing","start":4587.332,"end":4587.861},{"text":"countries,","start":4587.973,"end":4588.422},{"text":"are","start":4588.839,"end":4588.887},{"text":"essential","start":4589.079,"end":4589.881},{"text":"to","start":4589.977,"end":4590.137},{"text":"ensure","start":4590.137,"end":4590.57},{"text":"that","start":4590.939,"end":4591.211},{"text":"all","start":4591.243,"end":4591.291},{"text":"nations","start":4591.404,"end":4591.869},{"text":"have","start":4591.901,"end":4592.077},{"text":"necessary","start":4592.125,"end":4592.317},{"text":"necessary","start":4592.35,"end":4592.51},{"text":"capabilities","start":4592.606,"end":4593.473},{"text":"to","start":4593.586,"end":4593.714},{"text":"benefit","start":4593.746,"end":4594.228},{"text":"from","start":4594.228,"end":4594.453},{"text":"the","start":4594.469,"end":4594.549},{"text":"immense","start":4594.629,"end":4594.967},{"text":"opportunities","start":4595.015,"end":4595.641},{"text":"provided","start":4595.753,"end":4596.283},{"text":"by","start":4596.315,"end":4596.556},{"text":"outer","start":4596.556,"end":4596.813},{"text":"space.","start":4596.813,"end":4597.166}]},{"text":"Armenia attaches great importance to the development of national space capabilities.","start":4598.242,"end":4603.107,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Armenia","start":4598.242,"end":4598.692},{"text":"attaches","start":4598.708,"end":4599.173},{"text":"great","start":4599.205,"end":4599.607},{"text":"importance","start":4599.607,"end":4600.137},{"text":"to","start":4600.169,"end":4600.329},{"text":"the","start":4600.329,"end":4600.49},{"text":"development","start":4600.49,"end":4601.196},{"text":"of","start":4601.196,"end":4601.261},{"text":"national","start":4601.357,"end":4601.79},{"text":"space","start":4601.79,"end":4602.32},{"text":"capabilities.","start":4602.32,"end":4603.107}]},{"text":"We view the space sector as a strategic component of our sustainable development and a catalyst for scientific and technological advancement, while ensuring that the space technologies enhance our understanding of environmental and climate challenges and help devise targeted strategies and programs for the environmental preservation.","start":4603.621,"end":4622.071,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4603.621,"end":4603.781},{"text":"view","start":4603.781,"end":4604.022},{"text":"the","start":4604.022,"end":4604.103},{"text":"space","start":4604.103,"end":4604.424},{"text":"sector","start":4604.424,"end":4604.777},{"text":"as","start":4604.905,"end":4605.034},{"text":"a","start":4605.066,"end":4605.082},{"text":"strategic","start":4605.082,"end":4605.692},{"text":"component","start":4605.708,"end":4606.254},{"text":"of","start":4606.254,"end":4606.415},{"text":"our","start":4606.415,"end":4606.479},{"text":"sustainable","start":4606.527,"end":4607.121},{"text":"development","start":4607.217,"end":4607.86},{"text":"and","start":4607.86,"end":4607.94},{"text":"a","start":4608.036,"end":4608.117},{"text":"catalyst","start":4608.117,"end":4608.839},{"text":"for","start":4608.839,"end":4608.968},{"text":"scientific","start":4609,"end":4609.626},{"text":"and","start":4609.626,"end":4609.786},{"text":"technological","start":4609.786,"end":4610.445},{"text":"advancement,","start":4610.445,"end":4611.071},{"text":"while","start":4611.408,"end":4611.601},{"text":"ensuring","start":4611.649,"end":4612.163},{"text":"that","start":4612.275,"end":4612.42},{"text":"the","start":4612.452,"end":4612.532},{"text":"space","start":4612.532,"end":4612.933},{"text":"technologies","start":4612.933,"end":4613.544},{"text":"enhance","start":4613.72,"end":4614.025},{"text":"our","start":4614.202,"end":4614.282},{"text":"understanding","start":4614.362,"end":4614.973},{"text":"of","start":4615.101,"end":4615.197},{"text":"environmental","start":4615.326,"end":4616.048},{"text":"and","start":4616.064,"end":4616.177},{"text":"climate","start":4616.289,"end":4616.707},{"text":"challenges","start":4616.707,"end":4617.236},{"text":"and","start":4617.654,"end":4617.718},{"text":"help","start":4617.83,"end":4618.248},{"text":"devise","start":4618.12,"end":4618.441},{"text":"targeted","start":4618.617,"end":4619.115},{"text":"strategies","start":4619.115,"end":4619.645},{"text":"and","start":4619.758,"end":4619.822},{"text":"programs","start":4619.919,"end":4620.336},{"text":"for","start":4620.465,"end":4620.641},{"text":"the","start":4620.641,"end":4620.722},{"text":"environmental","start":4620.722,"end":4621.332},{"text":"preservation.","start":4621.428,"end":4622.071}]},{"text":"Chair, Armenia welcomes the initial draft set of recommended principles for space resource activities prepared by the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities.","start":4622.794,"end":4635.034,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. 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Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4636.062,"end":4636.206},{"text":"affirm","start":4636.286,"end":4636.672},{"text":"that","start":4636.849,"end":4636.993},{"text":"the","start":4637.025,"end":4637.106},{"text":"governance","start":4637.186,"end":4637.732},{"text":"of","start":4637.732,"end":4637.844},{"text":"space","start":4637.844,"end":4638.294},{"text":"resources","start":4638.294,"end":4638.969},{"text":"should","start":4639.338,"end":4639.611},{"text":"ensure","start":4639.66,"end":4640.029},{"text":"equitable","start":4640.158,"end":4640.8},{"text":"access","start":4640.8,"end":4641.266},{"text":"for","start":4641.266,"end":4641.378},{"text":"all","start":4641.507,"end":4641.555},{"text":"states,","start":4641.619,"end":4642.069},{"text":"particularly","start":4642.085,"end":4642.968},{"text":"those","start":4643.113,"end":4643.418},{"text":"with","start":4643.531,"end":4643.772},{"text":"emerging","start":4643.948,"end":4644.462},{"text":"or","start":4644.639,"end":4644.687},{"text":"limited","start":4644.88,"end":4645.361},{"text":"space","start":4645.361,"end":4645.666},{"text":"capabilities.","start":4645.779,"end":4646.582}]},{"text":"Armenia encourages discussion on the establishment of mechanisms which may include financial instruments and technology transfer provisions to facilitate the participation of developing countries.","start":4647.288,"end":4659.234,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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conclusion, we look forward to engaging in productive discussion throughout this session.","start":4698.536,"end":4703.584,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4698.536,"end":4698.633},{"text":"conclusion,","start":4698.633,"end":4699.151},{"text":"we","start":4699.361,"end":4699.394},{"text":"look","start":4699.442,"end":4699.75},{"text":"forward","start":4699.75,"end":4700.235},{"text":"to","start":4700.235,"end":4700.332},{"text":"engaging","start":4700.332,"end":4700.866},{"text":"in","start":4700.979,"end":4701.028},{"text":"productive","start":4701.125,"end":4701.642},{"text":"discussion","start":4701.691,"end":4702.322},{"text":"throughout","start":4702.516,"end":4702.953},{"text":"this","start":4703.001,"end":4703.114},{"text":"session.","start":4703.163,"end":4703.584}]},{"text":"I thank 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Bulgaria.","start":4715.38,"end":4720.714,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4715.38,"end":4715.412},{"text":"following","start":4715.412,"end":4715.756},{"text":"speaker","start":4715.756,"end":4716.329},{"text":"on","start":4716.394,"end":4716.459},{"text":"my","start":4716.492,"end":4716.639},{"text":"list","start":4716.639,"end":4717.065},{"text":"is","start":4717.883,"end":4717.998},{"text":"the","start":4718.03,"end":4718.112},{"text":"distinguished","start":4718.112,"end":4718.538},{"text":"representative","start":4718.538,"end":4719.209},{"text":"of","start":4720.321,"end":4720.403},{"text":"Bulgaria.","start":4720.403,"end":4720.714}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":4724.807,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=4725","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, Bulgaria fully aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union on this agenda item.","start":4724.807,"end":4731.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4724.807,"end":4725.08},{"text":"Chair,","start":4725.144,"end":4725.385},{"text":"distinguished","start":4725.546,"end":4726.091},{"text":"delegates,","start":4726.091,"end":4726.573},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":4726.589,"end":4727.151},{"text":"fully","start":4727.151,"end":4727.52},{"text":"aligns","start":4727.536,"end":4727.841},{"text":"itself","start":4727.889,"end":4728.338},{"text":"with","start":4728.354,"end":4728.483},{"text":"the","start":4728.499,"end":4728.531},{"text":"statement","start":4728.531,"end":4729.077},{"text":"delivered","start":4729.077,"end":4729.478},{"text":"by","start":4729.478,"end":4729.703},{"text":"the","start":4729.703,"end":4729.799},{"text":"European","start":4729.799,"end":4730.168},{"text":"Union","start":4730.425,"end":4730.649},{"text":"on","start":4730.826,"end":4730.89},{"text":"this","start":4730.922,"end":4731.099},{"text":"agenda","start":4731.099,"end":4731.612},{"text":"item.","start":4731.629,"end":4731.95}]},{"text":"I would like to begin by expressing our deep condolences on the passing of Ambassador Andrei Mistau, under whose competent and skillful leadership as chair the work of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Outer Space Resources Activities was led.","start":4732.913,"end":4746.635,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. 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the Bulgarian delegation would like to congratulate you on your second year of successful chairmanship of the Legal Subcommittee and assure you on our full support and 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would also like to take the opportunity to thank Director Arti Holomayani and the Secretariat for their dedicated work, including for the excellent preparation of this 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space technology and space activities are becoming increasingly important and indispensable to our daily lives and well-being, including for achieving economic growth and supporting the environmental and digital transition, we consider that the work of COPUS, its subcommittees, and working groups is essential for finding solutions to ensure that space is used peacefully and in a sustainable manner.","start":4770.825,"end":4795.406,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4770.825,"end":4770.905},{"text":"space","start":4770.905,"end":4771.291},{"text":"technology","start":4771.291,"end":4771.917},{"text":"and","start":4771.949,"end":4772.013},{"text":"space","start":4772.094,"end":4772.608},{"text":"activities","start":4772.56,"end":4772.848},{"text":"are","start":4772.912,"end":4773.057},{"text":"becoming","start":4773.057,"end":4773.442},{"text":"increasingly","start":4773.779,"end":4774.405},{"text":"important","start":4774.421,"end":4775.239},{"text":"and","start":4775.303,"end":4775.528},{"text":"indispensable","start":4775.56,"end":4776.33},{"text":"to","start":4776.378,"end":4776.522},{"text":"our","start":4776.522,"end":4776.859},{"text":"daily","start":4776.907,"end":4777.228},{"text":"lives","start":4777.228,"end":4777.453},{"text":"and","start":4777.79,"end":4777.95},{"text":"well-being,","start":4777.95,"end":4778.335},{"text":"including","start":4778.929,"end":4779.33},{"text":"for","start":4779.33,"end":4779.523},{"text":"achieving","start":4779.555,"end":4780.02},{"text":"economic","start":4780.357,"end":4780.854},{"text":"growth","start":4780.854,"end":4781.239},{"text":"and","start":4781.239,"end":4781.287},{"text":"supporting","start":4781.287,"end":4781.785},{"text":"the","start":4781.881,"end":4781.961},{"text":"environmental","start":4781.961,"end":4782.651},{"text":"and","start":4782.779,"end":4782.86},{"text":"digital","start":4782.86,"end":4783.229},{"text":"transition,","start":4783.341,"end":4783.87},{"text":"we","start":4784.223,"end":4784.368},{"text":"consider","start":4784.368,"end":4784.769},{"text":"that","start":4784.769,"end":4784.945},{"text":"the","start":4784.945,"end":4785.09},{"text":"work","start":4785.09,"end":4785.346},{"text":"of","start":4785.346,"end":4785.475},{"text":"COPUS,","start":4785.571,"end":4785.956},{"text":"its","start":4786.084,"end":4786.229},{"text":"subcommittees,","start":4786.229,"end":4786.919},{"text":"and","start":4787.192,"end":4787.256},{"text":"working","start":4787.336,"end":4787.641},{"text":"groups","start":4787.657,"end":4788.026},{"text":"is","start":4788.218,"end":4788.283},{"text":"essential","start":4788.331,"end":4788.796},{"text":"for","start":4788.796,"end":4788.956},{"text":"finding","start":4788.956,"end":4789.357},{"text":"solutions","start":4789.357,"end":4789.919},{"text":"to","start":4790.481,"end":4790.561},{"text":"ensure","start":4790.561,"end":4790.946},{"text":"that","start":4790.962,"end":4791.106},{"text":"space","start":4791.106,"end":4791.523},{"text":"is","start":4791.523,"end":4791.572},{"text":"used","start":4792.711,"end":4792.935},{"text":"peacefully","start":4793.048,"end":4793.577},{"text":"and","start":4794.074,"end":4794.235},{"text":"in","start":4794.235,"end":4794.267},{"text":"a","start":4794.267,"end":4794.331},{"text":"sustainable","start":4794.331,"end":4794.989},{"text":"manner.","start":4794.989,"end":4795.406}]},{"text":"My delegation is of the view that It is imperative for the states to respect and to comply with the existing global space legal frameworks and principles, including the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, together with the other core UN treaties on outer space and the principles enshrined therein.","start":4796.417,"end":4814.343,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":4796.417,"end":4796.577},{"text":"delegation","start":4796.577,"end":4797.171},{"text":"is","start":4797.219,"end":4797.347},{"text":"of","start":4797.379,"end":4797.508},{"text":"the","start":4797.54,"end":4797.62},{"text":"view","start":4797.62,"end":4797.861},{"text":"that","start":4797.861,"end":4798.262},{"text":"It","start":4798.166,"end":4798.262},{"text":"is","start":4798.262,"end":4798.31},{"text":"imperative","start":4798.422,"end":4798.984},{"text":"for","start":4798.984,"end":4799.369},{"text":"the","start":4799.369,"end":4799.449},{"text":"states","start":4799.449,"end":4799.931},{"text":"to","start":4799.931,"end":4800.027},{"text":"respect","start":4800.027,"end":4800.701},{"text":"and","start":4800.814,"end":4800.878},{"text":"to","start":4800.91,"end":4801.054},{"text":"comply","start":4801.054,"end":4801.504},{"text":"with","start":4801.632,"end":4801.841},{"text":"the","start":4801.857,"end":4801.985},{"text":"existing","start":4802.178,"end":4802.643},{"text":"global","start":4802.675,"end":4803.012},{"text":"space","start":4803.012,"end":4803.478},{"text":"legal","start":4803.478,"end":4803.718},{"text":"frameworks","start":4803.718,"end":4804.344},{"text":"and","start":4804.344,"end":4804.425},{"text":"principles,","start":4804.425,"end":4804.97},{"text":"including","start":4805.099,"end":4805.612},{"text":"the","start":4805.789,"end":4805.869},{"text":"1967","start":4805.869,"end":4806.992},{"text":"Outer","start":4806.992,"end":4807.233},{"text":"Space","start":4807.233,"end":4807.57},{"text":"Treaty,","start":4807.57,"end":4807.907},{"text":"together","start":4808.372,"end":4808.693},{"text":"with","start":4808.693,"end":4808.838},{"text":"the","start":4808.838,"end":4808.998},{"text":"other","start":4809.159,"end":4809.384},{"text":"core","start":4809.4,"end":4809.64},{"text":"UN","start":4809.656,"end":4809.785},{"text":"treaties","start":4809.897,"end":4810.186},{"text":"on","start":4810.298,"end":4810.443},{"text":"outer","start":4810.443,"end":4810.7},{"text":"space","start":4810.7,"end":4811.053},{"text":"and","start":4811.325,"end":4811.406},{"text":"the","start":4811.422,"end":4811.566},{"text":"principles","start":4811.566,"end":4813.155},{"text":"enshrined","start":4813.508,"end":4813.957},{"text":"therein.","start":4814.054,"end":4814.343}]},{"text":"The growing number of space actors, space objects, and space activities also lead to an urgent need to elaborate and effectively implement new rules and principles to ensure the safety and sustainability of outer space for the future generations, including on space traffic, space debris, and space resources, as set out in the Pact for the Future.","start":4814.952,"end":4836.284,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4814.952,"end":4815.033},{"text":"growing","start":4815.033,"end":4815.402},{"text":"number","start":4815.45,"end":4815.899},{"text":"of","start":4815.915,"end":4815.996},{"text":"space","start":4815.996,"end":4816.461},{"text":"actors,","start":4816.461,"end":4816.766},{"text":"space","start":4816.91,"end":4817.103},{"text":"objects,","start":4817.344,"end":4817.777},{"text":"and","start":4817.921,"end":4817.986},{"text":"space","start":4818.066,"end":4818.403},{"text":"activities","start":4818.403,"end":4819.013},{"text":"also","start":4819.43,"end":4819.671},{"text":"lead","start":4819.671,"end":4819.847},{"text":"to","start":4819.847,"end":4820.008},{"text":"an","start":4820.008,"end":4820.056},{"text":"urgent","start":4820.232,"end":4820.553},{"text":"need","start":4820.553,"end":4820.698},{"text":"to","start":4820.73,"end":4820.858},{"text":"elaborate","start":4820.874,"end":4821.468},{"text":"and","start":4821.468,"end":4821.741},{"text":"effectively","start":4821.853,"end":4822.864},{"text":"implement","start":4822.961,"end":4823.49},{"text":"new","start":4823.603,"end":4823.779},{"text":"rules","start":4823.843,"end":4824.068},{"text":"and","start":4824.1,"end":4824.229},{"text":"principles","start":4824.261,"end":4824.71},{"text":"to","start":4824.806,"end":4824.87},{"text":"ensure","start":4824.886,"end":4825.303},{"text":"the","start":4825.303,"end":4825.864},{"text":"safety","start":4825.864,"end":4826.345},{"text":"and","start":4826.601,"end":4826.746},{"text":"sustainability","start":4826.746,"end":4827.643},{"text":"of","start":4827.643,"end":4827.724},{"text":"outer","start":4827.788,"end":4828.044},{"text":"space","start":4828.044,"end":4828.493},{"text":"for","start":4828.493,"end":4828.605},{"text":"the","start":4828.669,"end":4828.749},{"text":"future","start":4828.749,"end":4829.15},{"text":"generations,","start":4829.15,"end":4829.84},{"text":"including","start":4830.513,"end":4831.042},{"text":"on","start":4831.058,"end":4831.09},{"text":"space","start":4831.09,"end":4831.555},{"text":"traffic,","start":4831.555,"end":4831.94},{"text":"space","start":4831.956,"end":4832.42},{"text":"debris,","start":4832.42,"end":4832.869},{"text":"and","start":4832.917,"end":4832.981},{"text":"space","start":4833.014,"end":4833.398},{"text":"resources,","start":4833.398,"end":4834.007},{"text":"as","start":4834.36,"end":4834.424},{"text":"set","start":4834.44,"end":4834.665},{"text":"out","start":4834.745,"end":4835.098},{"text":"in","start":4835.178,"end":4835.258},{"text":"the","start":4835.306,"end":4835.402},{"text":"Pact","start":4835.402,"end":4835.691},{"text":"for","start":4835.707,"end":4835.803},{"text":"the","start":4835.867,"end":4835.947},{"text":"Future.","start":4835.947,"end":4836.284}]},{"text":"Bulgaria recognizes the unique nature of the Legal Subcommittee as the primary forum for exchanging views on the legal aspects of space activities and for promoting international cooperation.","start":4837.246,"end":4847.745,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Bulgaria","start":4837.246,"end":4837.646},{"text":"recognizes","start":4837.646,"end":4838.336},{"text":"the","start":4838.448,"end":4838.512},{"text":"unique","start":4838.512,"end":4838.913},{"text":"nature","start":4838.929,"end":4839.33},{"text":"of","start":4839.33,"end":4839.49},{"text":"the","start":4839.49,"end":4839.57},{"text":"Legal","start":4839.57,"end":4839.826},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":4839.826,"end":4840.516},{"text":"as","start":4840.516,"end":4840.628},{"text":"the","start":4840.628,"end":4840.772},{"text":"primary","start":4840.772,"end":4841.141},{"text":"forum","start":4841.173,"end":4841.654},{"text":"for","start":4841.654,"end":4841.862},{"text":"exchanging","start":4841.894,"end":4842.504},{"text":"views","start":4842.536,"end":4842.824},{"text":"on","start":4842.936,"end":4843.017},{"text":"the","start":4843.017,"end":4843.113},{"text":"legal","start":4843.113,"end":4843.417},{"text":"aspects","start":4843.417,"end":4843.882},{"text":"of","start":4843.882,"end":4843.914},{"text":"space","start":4843.914,"end":4844.315},{"text":"activities","start":4844.315,"end":4844.828},{"text":"and","start":4845.421,"end":4845.485},{"text":"for","start":4845.501,"end":4845.646},{"text":"promoting","start":4845.726,"end":4846.255},{"text":"international","start":4846.367,"end":4847.056},{"text":"cooperation.","start":4847.104,"end":4847.745}]},{"text":"We are convinced that closer collaboration between the two subcommittees is essential for better understanding and achieving their tasks.","start":4848.146,"end":4855.546,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4848.146,"end":4848.21},{"text":"are","start":4848.21,"end":4848.258},{"text":"convinced","start":4848.371,"end":4848.771},{"text":"that","start":4848.771,"end":4848.948},{"text":"closer","start":4848.948,"end":4849.349},{"text":"collaboration","start":4849.349,"end":4850.439},{"text":"between","start":4850.551,"end":4850.679},{"text":"the","start":4850.791,"end":4850.871},{"text":"two","start":4850.871,"end":4850.968},{"text":"subcommittees","start":4851.032,"end":4851.723},{"text":"is","start":4851.819,"end":4851.883},{"text":"essential","start":4851.996,"end":4852.606},{"text":"for","start":4852.943,"end":4853.104},{"text":"better","start":4853.104,"end":4853.361},{"text":"understanding","start":4853.361,"end":4854.052},{"text":"and","start":4854.148,"end":4854.261},{"text":"achieving","start":4854.261,"end":4854.694},{"text":"their","start":4854.791,"end":4854.919},{"text":"tasks.","start":4855.128,"end":4855.546}]},{"text":"Bulgaria continues to support and welcomes the work of the 3 working groups of the Legal Subcommittee in their work plans.","start":4856.317,"end":4864.364,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bulgaria","start":4856.317,"end":4856.718},{"text":"continues","start":4856.718,"end":4857.104},{"text":"to","start":4857.136,"end":4857.232},{"text":"support","start":4857.28,"end":4857.923},{"text":"and","start":4858.003,"end":4858.067},{"text":"welcomes","start":4858.742,"end":4859.192},{"text":"the","start":4859.224,"end":4859.304},{"text":"work","start":4859.304,"end":4859.609},{"text":"of","start":4859.609,"end":4859.674},{"text":"the","start":4859.722,"end":4859.85},{"text":"3","start":4859.85,"end":4860.091},{"text":"working","start":4860.091,"end":4860.38},{"text":"groups","start":4860.493,"end":4860.91},{"text":"of","start":4860.975,"end":4861.135},{"text":"the","start":4861.135,"end":4861.344},{"text":"Legal","start":4862.517,"end":4862.758},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":4862.758,"end":4863.384},{"text":"in","start":4863.384,"end":4863.448},{"text":"their","start":4863.545,"end":4863.673},{"text":"work","start":4863.786,"end":4864.027},{"text":"plans.","start":4864.043,"end":4864.364}]},{"text":"We also expect that the upcoming informal consultations of ATLAG during this session to be productive in order to achieve consensus on the work plans to be approved by purpose in June, allowing for the start of substantive discussions.","start":4864.766,"end":4881.517,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4864.766,"end":4864.926},{"text":"also","start":4864.926,"end":4865.215},{"text":"expect","start":4865.392,"end":4865.874},{"text":"that","start":4865.874,"end":4866.131},{"text":"the","start":4867.255,"end":4867.496},{"text":"upcoming","start":4868.042,"end":4868.476},{"text":"informal","start":4868.54,"end":4868.99},{"text":"consultations","start":4869.006,"end":4869.761},{"text":"of","start":4869.906,"end":4870.034},{"text":"ATLAG","start":4870.211,"end":4870.677},{"text":"during","start":4870.693,"end":4870.918},{"text":"this","start":4870.95,"end":4871.078},{"text":"session","start":4871.11,"end":4871.56},{"text":"to","start":4871.576,"end":4871.673},{"text":"be","start":4871.673,"end":4871.753},{"text":"productive","start":4871.817,"end":4872.363},{"text":"in","start":4872.941,"end":4873.006},{"text":"order","start":4873.102,"end":4873.375},{"text":"to","start":4873.375,"end":4873.455},{"text":"achieve","start":4873.455,"end":4873.889},{"text":"consensus","start":4873.921,"end":4874.612},{"text":"on","start":4874.869,"end":4874.965},{"text":"the","start":4874.965,"end":4875.094},{"text":"work","start":4875.11,"end":4875.287},{"text":"plans","start":4875.367,"end":4875.736},{"text":"to","start":4875.768,"end":4875.929},{"text":"be","start":4875.929,"end":4876.009},{"text":"approved","start":4876.009,"end":4876.331},{"text":"by","start":4876.331,"end":4876.556},{"text":"purpose","start":4876.54,"end":4876.78},{"text":"in","start":4876.893,"end":4876.941},{"text":"June,","start":4877.037,"end":4877.342},{"text":"allowing","start":4878.001,"end":4878.37},{"text":"for","start":4878.418,"end":4878.675},{"text":"the","start":4878.675,"end":4878.755},{"text":"start","start":4878.755,"end":4879.221},{"text":"of","start":4879.221,"end":4879.269},{"text":"substantive","start":4879.301,"end":4880.393},{"text":"discussions.","start":4880.522,"end":4881.517}]},{"text":"Bulgaria is hopeful that informal consultations on Unispace 4 will bring us closer to an agreement on this important issue.","start":4882.497,"end":4889.401,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bulgaria","start":4882.497,"end":4882.898},{"text":"is","start":4882.898,"end":4882.93},{"text":"hopeful","start":4882.994,"end":4883.444},{"text":"that","start":4883.476,"end":4883.717},{"text":"informal","start":4883.717,"end":4884.199},{"text":"consultations","start":4884.199,"end":4884.889},{"text":"on","start":4885.066,"end":4885.114},{"text":"Unispace","start":4885.162,"end":4885.788},{"text":"4","start":4885.788,"end":4886.029},{"text":"will","start":4886.029,"end":4886.141},{"text":"bring","start":4886.206,"end":4886.414},{"text":"us","start":4886.527,"end":4886.784},{"text":"closer","start":4886.832,"end":4887.378},{"text":"to","start":4887.394,"end":4887.49},{"text":"an","start":4887.49,"end":4887.57},{"text":"agreement","start":4887.651,"end":4888.197},{"text":"on","start":4888.197,"end":4888.261},{"text":"this","start":4888.293,"end":4888.405},{"text":"important","start":4888.47,"end":4889.096},{"text":"issue.","start":4889.16,"end":4889.401}]},{"text":"Bulgaria appreciates and supports the efforts led by Italy and Morocco and thanks the Secretariat for the non-paper prepared for this consultation.","start":4890.059,"end":4898.441,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bulgaria","start":4890.059,"end":4890.461},{"text":"appreciates","start":4890.461,"end":4891.055},{"text":"and","start":4891.183,"end":4891.247},{"text":"supports","start":4891.263,"end":4891.729},{"text":"the","start":4891.729,"end":4891.793},{"text":"efforts","start":4891.809,"end":4892.259},{"text":"led","start":4892.291,"end":4892.532},{"text":"by","start":4892.532,"end":4892.66},{"text":"Italy","start":4892.692,"end":4893.03},{"text":"and","start":4893.03,"end":4893.126},{"text":"Morocco","start":4893.19,"end":4893.832},{"text":"and","start":4894.057,"end":4894.202},{"text":"thanks","start":4894.234,"end":4894.539},{"text":"the","start":4894.539,"end":4894.619},{"text":"Secretariat","start":4894.619,"end":4895.278},{"text":"for","start":4895.278,"end":4895.406},{"text":"the","start":4895.502,"end":4895.534},{"text":"non-paper","start":4895.534,"end":4896.225},{"text":"prepared","start":4896.225,"end":4896.771},{"text":"for","start":4896.787,"end":4896.964},{"text":"this","start":4896.964,"end":4897.285},{"text":"consultation.","start":4897.285,"end":4898.441}]},{"text":"For my country, Unispace 4 in 2027 is a timely opportunity to foster the work of COPUS and the implementation of its mandate in this crucial moment for the global development and the implementation of SDGs and the chance for promoting the Bulgarian space sector.","start":4898.489,"end":4916.625,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4898.489,"end":4898.666},{"text":"my","start":4898.666,"end":4898.971},{"text":"country,","start":4898.971,"end":4899.42},{"text":"Unispace","start":4899.998,"end":4900.56},{"text":"4","start":4900.56,"end":4900.849},{"text":"in","start":4901.138,"end":4901.186},{"text":"2027","start":4901.299,"end":4902.07},{"text":"is","start":4902.166,"end":4902.31},{"text":"a","start":4902.422,"end":4902.438},{"text":"timely","start":4902.502,"end":4902.871},{"text":"opportunity","start":4902.887,"end":4903.544},{"text":"to","start":4903.624,"end":4903.753},{"text":"foster","start":4903.769,"end":4904.25},{"text":"the","start":4904.25,"end":4904.346},{"text":"work","start":4904.346,"end":4904.602},{"text":"of","start":4904.602,"end":4904.714},{"text":"COPUS","start":4904.747,"end":4905.179},{"text":"and","start":4905.788,"end":4905.853},{"text":"the","start":4905.949,"end":4906.013},{"text":"implementation","start":4906.013,"end":4906.879},{"text":"of","start":4906.911,"end":4907.039},{"text":"its","start":4907.087,"end":4907.247},{"text":"mandate","start":4907.295,"end":4908.049},{"text":"in","start":4908.273,"end":4908.321},{"text":"this","start":4908.433,"end":4908.658},{"text":"crucial","start":4908.658,"end":4909.075},{"text":"moment","start":4909.075,"end":4909.54},{"text":"for","start":4909.716,"end":4910.053},{"text":"the","start":4910.197,"end":4910.357},{"text":"global","start":4910.357,"end":4910.694},{"text":"development","start":4910.758,"end":4911.559},{"text":"and","start":4911.559,"end":4911.704},{"text":"the","start":4911.704,"end":4911.784},{"text":"implementation","start":4911.784,"end":4912.665},{"text":"of","start":4912.746,"end":4912.81},{"text":"SDGs","start":4913.066,"end":4913.643},{"text":"and","start":4914.028,"end":4914.188},{"text":"the","start":4914.188,"end":4914.349},{"text":"chance","start":4914.349,"end":4914.749},{"text":"for","start":4914.749,"end":4914.894},{"text":"promoting","start":4914.91,"end":4915.375},{"text":"the","start":4915.407,"end":4915.471},{"text":"Bulgarian","start":4915.471,"end":4915.903},{"text":"space","start":4915.903,"end":4916.24},{"text":"sector.","start":4916.288,"end":4916.625}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Bulgaria has long been an active contributor to global space efforts.","start":4917.394,"end":4922.716,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4917.394,"end":4917.651},{"text":"Chair,","start":4917.715,"end":4918.068},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":4918.997,"end":4919.414},{"text":"has","start":4919.414,"end":4919.542},{"text":"long","start":4919.655,"end":4919.863},{"text":"been","start":4919.975,"end":4920.103},{"text":"an","start":4920.216,"end":4920.36},{"text":"active","start":4920.36,"end":4920.664},{"text":"contributor","start":4920.697,"end":4921.402},{"text":"to","start":4921.402,"end":4921.562},{"text":"global","start":4921.562,"end":4921.883},{"text":"space","start":4921.883,"end":4922.332},{"text":"efforts.","start":4922.364,"end":4922.716}]},{"text":"With over 50 years of experience in space research and technology, we continue to build on on our efforts in areas such as satellite communications, space food production, nanosatellite development, and Earth observation systems.","start":4923.005,"end":4938.155,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Bulgaria","start":4977.158,"end":4977.478},{"text":"is","start":4977.478,"end":4977.543},{"text":"also","start":4977.639,"end":4977.863},{"text":"engaged","start":4977.879,"end":4978.296},{"text":"in","start":4978.296,"end":4978.376},{"text":"activities","start":4978.44,"end":4978.905},{"text":"within","start":4980.22,"end":4980.428},{"text":"the","start":4980.54,"end":4980.604},{"text":"Artemis","start":4980.685,"end":4981.101},{"text":"Accords","start":4981.15,"end":4981.39},{"text":"framework.","start":4981.503,"end":4982.482}]},{"text":"At the national level, Bulgaria continues its efforts in developing its domestic space legislation, and an internal process is underway to prepare a strategic space policy document and to establish a Bulgarian space agency.","start":4983.092,"end":4996.885,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4983.092,"end":4983.205},{"text":"the","start":4983.253,"end":4983.285},{"text":"national","start":4983.285,"end":4983.911},{"text":"level,","start":4983.911,"end":4984.216},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":4984.232,"end":4984.714},{"text":"continues","start":4984.714,"end":4985.164},{"text":"its","start":4985.276,"end":4985.453},{"text":"efforts","start":4985.581,"end":4985.95},{"text":"in","start":4986.079,"end":4986.127},{"text":"developing","start":4986.223,"end":4986.753},{"text":"its","start":4986.962,"end":4987.123},{"text":"domestic","start":4987.203,"end":4987.62},{"text":"space","start":4987.62,"end":4987.99},{"text":"legislation,","start":4987.99,"end":4988.616},{"text":"and","start":4989.194,"end":4989.37},{"text":"an","start":4989.37,"end":4989.74},{"text":"internal","start":4989.772,"end":4990.334},{"text":"process","start":4990.334,"end":4990.928},{"text":"is","start":4990.96,"end":4991.024},{"text":"underway","start":4991.201,"end":4991.618},{"text":"to","start":4991.618,"end":4991.747},{"text":"prepare","start":4991.779,"end":4992.18},{"text":"a","start":4992.261,"end":4992.277},{"text":"strategic","start":4992.277,"end":4992.823},{"text":"space","start":4992.823,"end":4993.336},{"text":"policy","start":4993.385,"end":4993.786},{"text":"document","start":4993.85,"end":4994.444},{"text":"and","start":4994.653,"end":4994.878},{"text":"to","start":4994.926,"end":4995.006},{"text":"establish","start":4995.006,"end":4995.488},{"text":"a","start":4995.536,"end":4995.552},{"text":"Bulgarian","start":4995.617,"end":4995.986},{"text":"space","start":4995.986,"end":4996.468},{"text":"agency.","start":4996.5,"end":4996.885}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, in conclusion, I would like to reiterate that Bulgaria is a strong supporter of multilateralism with the UN at its core.","start":4997.559,"end":5006.487,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4997.559,"end":4997.816},{"text":"Chair,","start":4997.88,"end":4998.186},{"text":"in","start":4998.266,"end":4998.362},{"text":"conclusion,","start":4998.362,"end":4998.956},{"text":"I","start":4999.47,"end":4999.55},{"text":"would","start":4999.55,"end":4999.711},{"text":"like","start":4999.711,"end":4999.888},{"text":"to","start":4999.888,"end":4999.984},{"text":"reiterate","start":4999.984,"end":5000.69},{"text":"that","start":5001.477,"end":5001.654},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":5001.654,"end":5002.119},{"text":"is","start":5002.119,"end":5002.184},{"text":"a","start":5002.296,"end":5002.312},{"text":"strong","start":5002.36,"end":5002.697},{"text":"supporter","start":5002.697,"end":5003.34},{"text":"of","start":5003.34,"end":5003.42},{"text":"multilateralism","start":5003.516,"end":5004.528},{"text":"with","start":5004.544,"end":5004.769},{"text":"the","start":5004.769,"end":5004.929},{"text":"UN","start":5004.929,"end":5005.17},{"text":"at","start":5005.748,"end":5005.973},{"text":"its","start":5005.973,"end":5006.15},{"text":"core.","start":5006.15,"end":5006.487}]},{"text":"Multilateralism plays a vital role in maintaining peace and security, as it fosters cooperation among nations.","start":5006.856,"end":5015.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Multilateralism","start":5006.856,"end":5007.82},{"text":"plays","start":5007.996,"end":5008.205},{"text":"a","start":5008.317,"end":5008.333},{"text":"vital","start":5008.382,"end":5008.847},{"text":"role","start":5008.879,"end":5008.992},{"text":"in","start":5009.345,"end":5009.409},{"text":"maintaining","start":5010.003,"end":5010.613},{"text":"peace","start":5010.967,"end":5011.352},{"text":"and","start":5011.368,"end":5011.432},{"text":"security,","start":5011.448,"end":5012.107},{"text":"as","start":5012.556,"end":5012.701},{"text":"it","start":5012.733,"end":5012.99},{"text":"fosters","start":5013.054,"end":5013.584},{"text":"cooperation","start":5013.616,"end":5014.226},{"text":"among","start":5014.403,"end":5014.628},{"text":"nations.","start":5014.804,"end":5015.19}]},{"text":"This collaborative, collaborative approach is closely linked to development, including the goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda.","start":5015.687,"end":5023.892,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5015.687,"end":5015.848},{"text":"collaborative,","start":5015.848,"end":5016.57},{"text":"collaborative","start":5016.972,"end":5017.775},{"text":"approach","start":5017.791,"end":5018.353},{"text":"is","start":5018.353,"end":5018.401},{"text":"closely","start":5018.577,"end":5018.979},{"text":"linked","start":5018.979,"end":5019.204},{"text":"to","start":5019.236,"end":5019.332},{"text":"development,","start":5019.396,"end":5020.119},{"text":"including","start":5020.44,"end":5020.89},{"text":"the","start":5021.387,"end":5021.468},{"text":"goals","start":5021.484,"end":5021.773},{"text":"outlined","start":5022.03,"end":5022.527},{"text":"in","start":5022.527,"end":5022.576},{"text":"the","start":5022.608,"end":5022.752},{"text":"2030","start":5022.752,"end":5023.378},{"text":"Agenda.","start":5023.394,"end":5023.892}]},{"text":"Therefore, it has no alternative and makes unacceptable illegal actions violating UN Charter, which we continue to strongly condemn.","start":5024.358,"end":5031.407,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5024.358,"end":5024.727},{"text":"it","start":5025.257,"end":5025.321},{"text":"has","start":5025.353,"end":5025.466},{"text":"no","start":5025.562,"end":5025.626},{"text":"alternative","start":5025.642,"end":5026.365},{"text":"and","start":5026.381,"end":5026.445},{"text":"makes","start":5026.477,"end":5026.782},{"text":"unacceptable","start":5026.782,"end":5027.569},{"text":"illegal","start":5027.569,"end":5027.858},{"text":"actions","start":5028.051,"end":5028.356},{"text":"violating","start":5028.468,"end":5028.966},{"text":"UN","start":5029.095,"end":5029.239},{"text":"Charter,","start":5029.335,"end":5029.657},{"text":"which","start":5029.737,"end":5029.913},{"text":"we","start":5029.913,"end":5029.994},{"text":"continue","start":5029.994,"end":5030.475},{"text":"to","start":5030.475,"end":5030.62},{"text":"strongly","start":5030.62,"end":5031.037},{"text":"condemn.","start":5031.037,"end":5031.407}]},{"text":"I thank you for your kind attention.","start":5032.243,"end":5033.643,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5032.243,"end":5032.326},{"text":"thank","start":5032.393,"end":5032.66},{"text":"you","start":5032.66,"end":5032.743},{"text":"for","start":5032.743,"end":5032.926},{"text":"your","start":5032.926,"end":5033.076},{"text":"kind","start":5033.076,"end":5033.426},{"text":"attention.","start":5033.426,"end":5033.643}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BGR","affiliation_full":"Bulgaria","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":5037.819,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=5038","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Bulgaria for her statement.","start":5037.819,"end":5043.204,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5037.819,"end":5037.9},{"text":"thank","start":5037.9,"end":5038.142},{"text":"the","start":5038.142,"end":5038.223},{"text":"distinguished","start":5038.223,"end":5038.563},{"text":"representative","start":5038.563,"end":5039.323},{"text":"of","start":5039.501,"end":5039.808},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":5040.875,"end":5041.473},{"text":"for","start":5042.428,"end":5042.573},{"text":"her","start":5042.573,"end":5042.686},{"text":"statement.","start":5042.686,"end":5043.204}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Malaysia.","start":5048.35,"end":5052.767,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5048.35,"end":5048.382},{"text":"following","start":5048.382,"end":5048.738},{"text":"speaker","start":5049.045,"end":5049.563},{"text":"on","start":5049.579,"end":5049.644},{"text":"my","start":5049.741,"end":5049.838},{"text":"list","start":5049.838,"end":5050.162},{"text":"is","start":5050.162,"end":5050.21},{"text":"the","start":5050.308,"end":5050.405},{"text":"distinguished","start":5050.405,"end":5050.874},{"text":"representative","start":5050.874,"end":5051.586},{"text":"of","start":5052.185,"end":5052.282},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":5052.33,"end":5052.767}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5052.832,"end":5053.301,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5052.832,"end":5052.913},{"text":"have","start":5052.913,"end":5053.01},{"text":"the","start":5053.01,"end":5053.123},{"text":"floor.","start":5053.139,"end":5053.301}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":5056.819,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=5057","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5056.819,"end":5057.742,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5056.819,"end":5056.987},{"text":"you,","start":5056.987,"end":5057.071},{"text":"Mr.","start":5057.088,"end":5057.356},{"text":"Chair.","start":5057.423,"end":5057.742}]},{"text":"To begin with, Malaysia would like to express our appreciation for your leadership and commitment, as well as the Secretariat, for the excellent preparation for this session.","start":5058.496,"end":5067.784,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":5058.496,"end":5058.577},{"text":"begin","start":5058.577,"end":5058.918},{"text":"with,","start":5058.918,"end":5059.048},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5059.146,"end":5059.552},{"text":"would","start":5059.552,"end":5059.682},{"text":"like","start":5059.715,"end":5059.975},{"text":"to","start":5059.975,"end":5060.056},{"text":"express","start":5060.056,"end":5060.495},{"text":"our","start":5060.641,"end":5060.787},{"text":"appreciation","start":5060.787,"end":5061.73},{"text":"for","start":5061.746,"end":5061.924},{"text":"your","start":5061.924,"end":5062.071},{"text":"leadership","start":5062.071,"end":5062.64},{"text":"and","start":5062.64,"end":5062.77},{"text":"commitment,","start":5062.818,"end":5063.517},{"text":"as","start":5064.17,"end":5064.25},{"text":"well","start":5064.25,"end":5064.378},{"text":"as","start":5064.427,"end":5064.571},{"text":"the","start":5064.619,"end":5064.764},{"text":"Secretariat,","start":5064.764,"end":5065.391},{"text":"for","start":5065.407,"end":5065.567},{"text":"the","start":5065.567,"end":5065.728},{"text":"excellent","start":5065.728,"end":5066.13},{"text":"preparation","start":5066.13,"end":5066.821},{"text":"for","start":5066.837,"end":5067.174},{"text":"this","start":5067.174,"end":5067.351},{"text":"session.","start":5067.351,"end":5067.784}]},{"text":"I assure you of our full support and cooperation in ensuring the successful outcome of this session.","start":5068.459,"end":5074.581,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5068.459,"end":5068.556},{"text":"assure","start":5068.556,"end":5068.941},{"text":"you","start":5068.941,"end":5069.054},{"text":"of","start":5069.407,"end":5069.488},{"text":"our","start":5069.584,"end":5069.889},{"text":"full","start":5070.05,"end":5070.227},{"text":"support","start":5070.227,"end":5070.693},{"text":"and","start":5070.693,"end":5070.789},{"text":"cooperation","start":5070.789,"end":5071.528},{"text":"in","start":5071.737,"end":5071.785},{"text":"ensuring","start":5071.833,"end":5072.283},{"text":"the","start":5072.315,"end":5072.396},{"text":"successful","start":5072.396,"end":5073.199},{"text":"outcome","start":5073.424,"end":5073.729},{"text":"of","start":5073.906,"end":5074.051},{"text":"this","start":5074.083,"end":5074.195},{"text":"session.","start":5074.308,"end":5074.581}]},{"text":"On another note, Malaysia wishes to express our deepest condolences on the passing of Ambassador Andrzej Mrzysław Poland, Chair of the World Trade Organization.","start":5075.834,"end":5083.257,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":5075.834,"end":5075.93},{"text":"another","start":5075.93,"end":5076.252},{"text":"note,","start":5076.252,"end":5076.412},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5076.573,"end":5076.975},{"text":"wishes","start":5076.975,"end":5077.344},{"text":"to","start":5077.537,"end":5077.794},{"text":"express","start":5077.794,"end":5078.26},{"text":"our","start":5078.26,"end":5078.421},{"text":"deepest","start":5078.501,"end":5078.887},{"text":"condolences","start":5078.887,"end":5079.272},{"text":"on","start":5079.449,"end":5079.546},{"text":"the","start":5079.546,"end":5079.69},{"text":"passing","start":5079.69,"end":5080.06},{"text":"of","start":5080.172,"end":5080.349},{"text":"Ambassador","start":5080.349,"end":5080.911},{"text":"Andrzej","start":5080.911,"end":5081.2},{"text":"Mrzysław","start":5081.249,"end":5081.586},{"text":"Poland,","start":5081.602,"end":5081.827},{"text":"Chair","start":5081.843,"end":5081.923},{"text":"of","start":5081.923,"end":5082.004},{"text":"the","start":5082.02,"end":5082.116},{"text":"World","start":5082.116,"end":5082.229},{"text":"Trade","start":5082.229,"end":5082.438},{"text":"Organization.","start":5082.438,"end":5083.257}]},{"text":"Working Group on Legal Aspect of Space Resource Activity under the Legal Subcommittee.","start":5083.39,"end":5088.961,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"Working","start":5083.39,"end":5083.614},{"text":"Group","start":5083.646,"end":5084.048},{"text":"on","start":5084.048,"end":5084.144},{"text":"Legal","start":5084.144,"end":5084.481},{"text":"Aspect","start":5084.53,"end":5085.172},{"text":"of","start":5085.734,"end":5085.766},{"text":"Space","start":5085.766,"end":5086.039},{"text":"Resource","start":5086.151,"end":5086.488},{"text":"Activity","start":5086.874,"end":5087.404},{"text":"under","start":5087.58,"end":5087.757},{"text":"the","start":5087.757,"end":5087.901},{"text":"Legal","start":5087.901,"end":5088.239},{"text":"Subcommittee.","start":5088.239,"end":5088.961}]},{"text":"His Excellency's contribution and guidance in the work of the Working Group are highly appreciated and will be remembered.","start":5089.908,"end":5096.155,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"His","start":5089.908,"end":5090.053},{"text":"Excellency's","start":5090.165,"end":5091},{"text":"contribution","start":5091.129,"end":5091.835},{"text":"and","start":5091.835,"end":5091.932},{"text":"guidance","start":5091.932,"end":5092.333},{"text":"in","start":5092.333,"end":5092.413},{"text":"the","start":5092.413,"end":5092.558},{"text":"work","start":5092.558,"end":5092.879},{"text":"of","start":5092.879,"end":5092.943},{"text":"the","start":5093.056,"end":5093.184},{"text":"Working","start":5093.184,"end":5093.537},{"text":"Group","start":5093.537,"end":5093.858},{"text":"are","start":5093.923,"end":5094.003},{"text":"highly","start":5094.003,"end":5094.308},{"text":"appreciated","start":5094.404,"end":5095.111},{"text":"and","start":5095.287,"end":5095.384},{"text":"will","start":5095.384,"end":5095.593},{"text":"be","start":5095.609,"end":5095.705},{"text":"remembered.","start":5095.705,"end":5096.155}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5097.375,"end":5097.567,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5097.375,"end":5097.567}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, following the full enforcement of the Malaysia Spaceport Act 2022, or Act 834, and the Malaysian Spaceport Regulation 2034 on 1 January 2025, Malaysia is committed to fulfilling our international obligation and catalyzing the country's progress toward developing a new space economy.","start":5097.632,"end":5117.412,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5097.632,"end":5097.969},{"text":"following","start":5098.675,"end":5099.045},{"text":"the","start":5099.077,"end":5099.221},{"text":"full","start":5099.221,"end":5099.366},{"text":"enforcement","start":5099.462,"end":5100.056},{"text":"of","start":5100.056,"end":5100.201},{"text":"the","start":5100.201,"end":5100.297},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5100.297,"end":5100.682},{"text":"Spaceport","start":5100.682,"end":5101.309},{"text":"Act","start":5101.309,"end":5101.726},{"text":"2022,","start":5101.726,"end":5102.304},{"text":"or","start":5102.513,"end":5102.85},{"text":"Act","start":5102.85,"end":5103.171},{"text":"834,","start":5103.235,"end":5103.926},{"text":"and","start":5104.359,"end":5104.424},{"text":"the","start":5104.456,"end":5104.504},{"text":"Malaysian","start":5104.504,"end":5104.857},{"text":"Spaceport","start":5104.857,"end":5105.403},{"text":"Regulation","start":5105.403,"end":5105.724},{"text":"2034","start":5105.724,"end":5106.945},{"text":"on","start":5106.945,"end":5107.073},{"text":"1","start":5107.185,"end":5107.394},{"text":"January","start":5107.49,"end":5107.956},{"text":"2025,","start":5107.988,"end":5108.839},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5108.92,"end":5109.801},{"text":"is","start":5109.817,"end":5109.961},{"text":"committed","start":5110.057,"end":5110.554},{"text":"to","start":5110.554,"end":5110.634},{"text":"fulfilling","start":5110.634,"end":5111.323},{"text":"our","start":5111.339,"end":5111.483},{"text":"international","start":5111.499,"end":5112.092},{"text":"obligation","start":5112.252,"end":5112.877},{"text":"and","start":5112.877,"end":5113.037},{"text":"catalyzing","start":5113.037,"end":5113.726},{"text":"the","start":5113.839,"end":5114.079},{"text":"country's","start":5114.143,"end":5114.64},{"text":"progress","start":5114.64,"end":5114.992},{"text":"toward","start":5115.201,"end":5115.489},{"text":"developing","start":5115.601,"end":5116.21},{"text":"a","start":5116.338,"end":5116.483},{"text":"new","start":5116.483,"end":5116.643},{"text":"space","start":5116.643,"end":5117.059},{"text":"economy.","start":5117.059,"end":5117.412}]},{"text":"In this regard, Malaysia is currently in the process toward ratifying the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activity of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, and acceding to the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into outer space.","start":5118.63,"end":5137.185,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5118.63,"end":5118.726},{"text":"this","start":5118.726,"end":5118.854},{"text":"regard,","start":5118.966,"end":5119.351},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5119.367,"end":5119.751},{"text":"is","start":5119.751,"end":5119.815},{"text":"currently","start":5119.912,"end":5120.296},{"text":"in","start":5120.472,"end":5120.504},{"text":"the","start":5120.504,"end":5120.649},{"text":"process","start":5120.649,"end":5121.049},{"text":"toward","start":5121.049,"end":5121.29},{"text":"ratifying","start":5121.29,"end":5121.979},{"text":"the","start":5122.011,"end":5122.091},{"text":"Treaty","start":5122.091,"end":5122.459},{"text":"on","start":5122.635,"end":5122.684},{"text":"Principles","start":5122.796,"end":5123.34},{"text":"Governing","start":5123.373,"end":5123.821},{"text":"the","start":5123.853,"end":5123.997},{"text":"Activity","start":5123.997,"end":5124.542},{"text":"of","start":5124.638,"end":5124.702},{"text":"States","start":5124.735,"end":5125.231},{"text":"in","start":5125.92,"end":5126.016},{"text":"the","start":5126.016,"end":5126.161},{"text":"Exploration","start":5126.161,"end":5127.026},{"text":"and","start":5127.282,"end":5127.442},{"text":"Use","start":5127.442,"end":5127.795},{"text":"of","start":5127.843,"end":5128.051},{"text":"Outer","start":5128.083,"end":5128.324},{"text":"Space,","start":5128.324,"end":5128.612},{"text":"including","start":5129.622,"end":5129.91},{"text":"the","start":5129.942,"end":5130.006},{"text":"Moon","start":5130.006,"end":5130.198},{"text":"and","start":5130.327,"end":5130.439},{"text":"Other","start":5130.487,"end":5130.679},{"text":"Celestial","start":5130.679,"end":5131.304},{"text":"Bodies,","start":5131.304,"end":5131.753},{"text":"and","start":5132.009,"end":5132.153},{"text":"acceding","start":5132.185,"end":5132.554},{"text":"to","start":5132.987,"end":5133.131},{"text":"the","start":5133.131,"end":5133.211},{"text":"Convention","start":5133.211,"end":5134.156},{"text":"on","start":5134.493,"end":5134.541},{"text":"Registration","start":5134.669,"end":5135.454},{"text":"of","start":5135.454,"end":5135.63},{"text":"Objects","start":5135.63,"end":5136.015},{"text":"Launched","start":5136.031,"end":5136.351},{"text":"into","start":5136.4,"end":5136.592},{"text":"outer","start":5136.736,"end":5136.928},{"text":"space.","start":5136.928,"end":5137.185}]},{"text":"Malaysia recognizes the importance and capacity-building initiative to develop talent and expertise in space law and policy.","start":5138.354,"end":5145.18,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5138.354,"end":5138.659},{"text":"recognizes","start":5138.659,"end":5139.123},{"text":"the","start":5139.155,"end":5139.3},{"text":"importance","start":5139.3,"end":5139.732},{"text":"and","start":5139.78,"end":5139.844},{"text":"capacity-building","start":5139.876,"end":5140.806},{"text":"initiative","start":5140.838,"end":5141.238},{"text":"to","start":5141.479,"end":5141.559},{"text":"develop","start":5141.559,"end":5142.104},{"text":"talent","start":5142.104,"end":5142.777},{"text":"and","start":5142.985,"end":5143.161},{"text":"expertise","start":5143.161,"end":5143.77},{"text":"in","start":5143.962,"end":5144.01},{"text":"space","start":5144.107,"end":5144.443},{"text":"law","start":5144.443,"end":5144.587},{"text":"and","start":5144.667,"end":5144.812},{"text":"policy.","start":5144.844,"end":5145.18}]},{"text":"Therefore, Malaysia's full support for UN-USA's capacity-building effort is demonstrated through our involvement in the United Nations Space Law for New Space Actors project since 2021.","start":5146.125,"end":5159.312,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5146.125,"end":5146.462},{"text":"Malaysia's","start":5146.51,"end":5147.039},{"text":"full","start":5147.471,"end":5147.664},{"text":"support","start":5147.664,"end":5148.192},{"text":"for","start":5148.192,"end":5148.385},{"text":"UN-USA's","start":5148.833,"end":5149.683},{"text":"capacity-building","start":5149.731,"end":5150.58},{"text":"effort","start":5150.612,"end":5151.109},{"text":"is","start":5151.557,"end":5151.621},{"text":"demonstrated","start":5151.717,"end":5152.422},{"text":"through","start":5152.679,"end":5152.919},{"text":"our","start":5152.999,"end":5153.176},{"text":"involvement","start":5153.176,"end":5153.881},{"text":"in","start":5153.881,"end":5153.961},{"text":"the","start":5153.977,"end":5154.153},{"text":"United","start":5154.217,"end":5154.618},{"text":"Nations","start":5154.618,"end":5154.986},{"text":"Space","start":5155.018,"end":5155.291},{"text":"Law","start":5155.435,"end":5155.643},{"text":"for","start":5155.643,"end":5155.835},{"text":"New","start":5155.835,"end":5156.076},{"text":"Space","start":5156.076,"end":5156.54},{"text":"Actors","start":5156.54,"end":5157.149},{"text":"project","start":5157.662,"end":5157.998},{"text":"since","start":5157.998,"end":5158.415},{"text":"2021.","start":5158.447,"end":5159.312}]},{"text":"Malaysia has successfully hosted the United Nations Office for Outer Space Space Law Technical Advisory Mission to Malaysia for the second consecutive year from 14 to 16 May 2024, as well as the Space Law Executive Course held from 7 to 10 October 2024.","start":5160.306,"end":5179.076,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5160.306,"end":5160.69},{"text":"has","start":5160.69,"end":5160.818},{"text":"successfully","start":5160.818,"end":5161.555},{"text":"hosted","start":5161.588,"end":5162.036},{"text":"the","start":5162.132,"end":5162.293},{"text":"United","start":5162.293,"end":5162.629},{"text":"Nations","start":5162.629,"end":5162.998},{"text":"Office","start":5163.11,"end":5163.398},{"text":"for","start":5163.494,"end":5163.622},{"text":"Outer","start":5163.671,"end":5163.927},{"text":"Space","start":5163.927,"end":5164.408},{"text":"Space","start":5164.568,"end":5165.017},{"text":"Law","start":5165.017,"end":5165.225},{"text":"Technical","start":5165.273,"end":5165.899},{"text":"Advisory","start":5165.899,"end":5166.428},{"text":"Mission","start":5166.556,"end":5166.925},{"text":"to","start":5166.973,"end":5167.101},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5167.101,"end":5167.598},{"text":"for","start":5168.399,"end":5168.56},{"text":"the","start":5168.56,"end":5168.64},{"text":"second","start":5168.64,"end":5169.121},{"text":"consecutive","start":5169.121,"end":5169.89},{"text":"year","start":5170.067,"end":5170.483},{"text":"from","start":5170.483,"end":5170.804},{"text":"14","start":5170.804,"end":5171.285},{"text":"to","start":5171.285,"end":5171.381},{"text":"16","start":5171.429,"end":5171.926},{"text":"May","start":5171.926,"end":5172.087},{"text":"2024,","start":5172.167,"end":5173.145},{"text":"as","start":5173.77,"end":5173.818},{"text":"well","start":5173.914,"end":5174.187},{"text":"as","start":5174.235,"end":5174.299},{"text":"the","start":5174.475,"end":5174.523},{"text":"Space","start":5174.555,"end":5174.844},{"text":"Law","start":5174.956,"end":5175.084},{"text":"Executive","start":5175.116,"end":5175.581},{"text":"Course","start":5175.678,"end":5175.886},{"text":"held","start":5175.998,"end":5176.351},{"text":"from","start":5176.479,"end":5176.8},{"text":"7","start":5176.8,"end":5177.281},{"text":"to","start":5177.281,"end":5177.489},{"text":"10","start":5177.521,"end":5177.714},{"text":"October","start":5177.778,"end":5178.323},{"text":"2024.","start":5178.323,"end":5179.076}]},{"text":"In addition to the above, Malaysia has also been actively involved in regional and international space initiatives such as the National Space Legislation Initiative under the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum.","start":5180.263,"end":5193.813,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5180.263,"end":5180.407},{"text":"addition","start":5180.407,"end":5180.759},{"text":"to","start":5180.824,"end":5180.92},{"text":"the","start":5180.92,"end":5181.064},{"text":"above,","start":5181.064,"end":5181.369},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5181.561,"end":5182.01},{"text":"has","start":5182.01,"end":5182.154},{"text":"also","start":5182.266,"end":5182.651},{"text":"been","start":5182.667,"end":5182.779},{"text":"actively","start":5182.828,"end":5183.276},{"text":"involved","start":5183.308,"end":5183.725},{"text":"in","start":5183.789,"end":5183.837},{"text":"regional","start":5184.014,"end":5184.575},{"text":"and","start":5184.575,"end":5184.735},{"text":"international","start":5184.735,"end":5185.376},{"text":"space","start":5185.376,"end":5185.777},{"text":"initiatives","start":5185.777,"end":5186.322},{"text":"such","start":5187.06,"end":5187.268},{"text":"as","start":5187.38,"end":5187.445},{"text":"the","start":5187.621,"end":5187.717},{"text":"National","start":5187.717,"end":5188.118},{"text":"Space","start":5188.118,"end":5188.39},{"text":"Legislation","start":5188.583,"end":5189.32},{"text":"Initiative","start":5189.32,"end":5189.865},{"text":"under","start":5190.684,"end":5190.844},{"text":"the","start":5190.844,"end":5191.101},{"text":"Asia-Pacific","start":5191.31,"end":5192.192},{"text":"Regional","start":5192.192,"end":5192.545},{"text":"Space","start":5192.545,"end":5192.995},{"text":"Agency","start":5192.995,"end":5193.396},{"text":"Forum.","start":5193.396,"end":5193.813}]},{"text":"In this regard, Malaysia has contributed to the joint submission of the Report on the Status of the National Space Legislation Initiative in the Countries of the Asia-Pacific Region, 3rd Phase.","start":5194.76,"end":5206.461,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5194.76,"end":5194.824},{"text":"this","start":5194.857,"end":5194.969},{"text":"regard,","start":5195.081,"end":5195.402},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5195.434,"end":5195.82},{"text":"has","start":5195.82,"end":5195.948},{"text":"contributed","start":5196.06,"end":5196.654},{"text":"to","start":5196.943,"end":5197.088},{"text":"the","start":5197.088,"end":5197.248},{"text":"joint","start":5197.248,"end":5197.665},{"text":"submission","start":5197.665,"end":5198.436},{"text":"of","start":5198.452,"end":5198.516},{"text":"the","start":5198.548,"end":5198.693},{"text":"Report","start":5198.693,"end":5199.11},{"text":"on","start":5199.27,"end":5199.351},{"text":"the","start":5199.351,"end":5199.431},{"text":"Status","start":5199.431,"end":5200.025},{"text":"of","start":5200.153,"end":5200.298},{"text":"the","start":5200.298,"end":5200.378},{"text":"National","start":5200.378,"end":5200.795},{"text":"Space","start":5200.795,"end":5201.212},{"text":"Legislation","start":5201.261,"end":5202.095},{"text":"Initiative","start":5202.095,"end":5202.609},{"text":"in","start":5203.524,"end":5203.62},{"text":"the","start":5203.668,"end":5203.764},{"text":"Countries","start":5203.764,"end":5204.294},{"text":"of","start":5204.39,"end":5204.454},{"text":"the","start":5204.487,"end":5204.647},{"text":"Asia-Pacific","start":5204.647,"end":5205.434},{"text":"Region,","start":5205.434,"end":5205.867},{"text":"3rd","start":5206.076,"end":5206.252},{"text":"Phase.","start":5206.252,"end":5206.461}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Malaysia reaffirms its vision of working together with other member states of CUPOS in the future and plans to host additional Expert Exchange Seminars on Space Policy for Southeast Asian Countries, or ASEAN.","start":5207.44,"end":5221.405,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5207.44,"end":5207.664},{"text":"Chair,","start":5207.713,"end":5208.034},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5208.932,"end":5209.542},{"text":"reaffirms","start":5209.542,"end":5210.072},{"text":"its","start":5210.088,"end":5210.297},{"text":"vision","start":5210.329,"end":5210.714},{"text":"of","start":5210.826,"end":5210.955},{"text":"working","start":5210.955,"end":5211.195},{"text":"together","start":5211.292,"end":5211.693},{"text":"with","start":5211.709,"end":5211.934},{"text":"other","start":5211.934,"end":5212.175},{"text":"member","start":5212.175,"end":5212.431},{"text":"states","start":5212.431,"end":5212.897},{"text":"of","start":5212.897,"end":5212.961},{"text":"CUPOS","start":5213.057,"end":5213.362},{"text":"in","start":5213.78,"end":5213.828},{"text":"the","start":5213.86,"end":5213.94},{"text":"future","start":5213.94,"end":5214.422},{"text":"and","start":5214.502,"end":5214.646},{"text":"plans","start":5214.662,"end":5214.967},{"text":"to","start":5214.983,"end":5215.064},{"text":"host","start":5215.064,"end":5215.352},{"text":"additional","start":5215.465,"end":5217.583},{"text":"Expert","start":5215.802,"end":5216.35},{"text":"Exchange","start":5216.35,"end":5216.72},{"text":"Seminars","start":5216.72,"end":5217.267},{"text":"on","start":5218.153,"end":5218.217},{"text":"Space","start":5218.217,"end":5218.491},{"text":"Policy","start":5218.62,"end":5219.022},{"text":"for","start":5219.022,"end":5219.199},{"text":"Southeast","start":5219.199,"end":5219.875},{"text":"Asian","start":5219.891,"end":5220.246},{"text":"Countries,","start":5220.31,"end":5220.761},{"text":"or","start":5220.857,"end":5221.018},{"text":"ASEAN.","start":5221.018,"end":5221.405}]},{"text":"Malaysia strongly supports space sustainability as a key pillar of its space policy and development activity, both through active participation in international platforms and through the implementation of national legislation.","start":5222.644,"end":5235.827,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5222.644,"end":5223.047},{"text":"strongly","start":5223.047,"end":5223.465},{"text":"supports","start":5223.465,"end":5223.964},{"text":"space","start":5223.997,"end":5224.335},{"text":"sustainability","start":5224.335,"end":5225.188},{"text":"as","start":5225.365,"end":5225.43},{"text":"a","start":5225.462,"end":5225.607},{"text":"key","start":5225.607,"end":5225.784},{"text":"pillar","start":5225.784,"end":5226.17},{"text":"of","start":5226.267,"end":5226.412},{"text":"its","start":5226.412,"end":5226.653},{"text":"space","start":5226.653,"end":5226.992},{"text":"policy","start":5226.992,"end":5227.33},{"text":"and","start":5227.459,"end":5227.587},{"text":"development","start":5227.587,"end":5228.199},{"text":"activity,","start":5228.199,"end":5228.65},{"text":"both","start":5229.407,"end":5229.536},{"text":"through","start":5229.568,"end":5229.939},{"text":"active","start":5229.955,"end":5230.341},{"text":"participation","start":5230.535,"end":5231.469},{"text":"in","start":5231.565,"end":5231.63},{"text":"international","start":5231.742,"end":5232.29},{"text":"platforms","start":5232.29,"end":5232.757},{"text":"and","start":5232.854,"end":5233.031},{"text":"through","start":5233.031,"end":5233.385},{"text":"the","start":5233.417,"end":5233.594},{"text":"implementation","start":5233.594,"end":5234.496},{"text":"of","start":5234.561,"end":5234.69},{"text":"national","start":5234.722,"end":5235.21},{"text":"legislation.","start":5235.21,"end":5235.827}]},{"text":"At the above global— at the global level, Malaysia engages with various space agencies agencies and international organizations to promote the responsible use of space and the mitigation of space debris.","start":5236.916,"end":5248.333,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":5236.916,"end":5237.078},{"text":"the","start":5237.078,"end":5237.208},{"text":"above","start":5237.225,"end":5237.533},{"text":"global—","start":5237.631,"end":5238.476},{"text":"at","start":5238.525,"end":5238.59},{"text":"the","start":5238.59,"end":5238.622},{"text":"global","start":5238.622,"end":5238.931},{"text":"level,","start":5238.931,"end":5239.353},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5239.37,"end":5239.76},{"text":"engages","start":5239.76,"end":5240.052},{"text":"with","start":5240.15,"end":5240.361},{"text":"various","start":5240.361,"end":5240.653},{"text":"space","start":5240.653,"end":5240.995},{"text":"agencies","start":5240.995,"end":5241.433},{"text":"agencies","start":5241.252,"end":5241.541},{"text":"and","start":5241.717,"end":5241.878},{"text":"international","start":5241.878,"end":5242.456},{"text":"organizations","start":5242.456,"end":5243.387},{"text":"to","start":5243.403,"end":5243.435},{"text":"promote","start":5243.5,"end":5243.965},{"text":"the","start":5243.965,"end":5244.062},{"text":"responsible","start":5244.062,"end":5245.121},{"text":"use","start":5245.587,"end":5245.908},{"text":"of","start":5245.908,"end":5246.004},{"text":"space","start":5246.004,"end":5246.502},{"text":"and","start":5246.534,"end":5246.663},{"text":"the","start":5246.711,"end":5246.855},{"text":"mitigation","start":5246.855,"end":5247.578},{"text":"of","start":5247.578,"end":5247.61},{"text":"space","start":5247.61,"end":5247.883},{"text":"debris.","start":5247.995,"end":5248.333}]},{"text":"In line with this effort, Malaysia's national framework, as outlined in the Malaysian Spaceport Act 2022, provides a comprehensive regulatory approach to space activity, ensuring that space operations are conducted in a safe, sustainable, and transparent manner.","start":5249.264,"end":5265.818,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5249.264,"end":5249.36},{"text":"line","start":5249.36,"end":5249.649},{"text":"with","start":5249.665,"end":5249.842},{"text":"this","start":5249.842,"end":5250.067},{"text":"effort,","start":5250.147,"end":5250.436},{"text":"Malaysia's","start":5250.516,"end":5250.918},{"text":"national","start":5251.11,"end":5251.576},{"text":"framework,","start":5251.608,"end":5252.491},{"text":"as","start":5252.716,"end":5252.78},{"text":"outlined","start":5252.893,"end":5253.519},{"text":"in","start":5253.519,"end":5253.583},{"text":"the","start":5253.615,"end":5253.76},{"text":"Malaysian","start":5253.76,"end":5254.161},{"text":"Spaceport","start":5254.161,"end":5254.739},{"text":"Act","start":5254.803,"end":5254.98},{"text":"2022,","start":5254.98,"end":5255.703},{"text":"provides","start":5256.265,"end":5256.73},{"text":"a","start":5256.73,"end":5256.827},{"text":"comprehensive","start":5256.827,"end":5257.565},{"text":"regulatory","start":5257.565,"end":5258.24},{"text":"approach","start":5258.496,"end":5258.801},{"text":"to","start":5258.85,"end":5258.994},{"text":"space","start":5258.994,"end":5259.315},{"text":"activity,","start":5259.315,"end":5259.813},{"text":"ensuring","start":5260.118,"end":5260.728},{"text":"that","start":5260.76,"end":5260.937},{"text":"space","start":5260.937,"end":5261.21},{"text":"operations","start":5261.322,"end":5261.933},{"text":"are","start":5262.125,"end":5262.286},{"text":"conducted","start":5262.286,"end":5262.896},{"text":"in","start":5263.008,"end":5263.056},{"text":"a","start":5263.313,"end":5263.346},{"text":"safe,","start":5263.346,"end":5263.827},{"text":"sustainable,","start":5263.891,"end":5264.678},{"text":"and","start":5264.694,"end":5264.807},{"text":"transparent","start":5264.855,"end":5265.497},{"text":"manner.","start":5265.497,"end":5265.818}]},{"text":"This act underscores Malaysia's commitment to align with global space governance standards, particularly in relation to space sustainability and space concerns.","start":5267.022,"end":5275.252,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5267.022,"end":5267.215},{"text":"act","start":5267.327,"end":5267.568},{"text":"underscores","start":5267.568,"end":5267.953},{"text":"Malaysia's","start":5267.985,"end":5268.386},{"text":"commitment","start":5268.386,"end":5268.883},{"text":"to","start":5268.883,"end":5269.012},{"text":"align","start":5269.012,"end":5269.316},{"text":"with","start":5269.332,"end":5269.461},{"text":"global","start":5269.493,"end":5269.83},{"text":"space","start":5269.83,"end":5270.231},{"text":"governance","start":5270.231,"end":5270.632},{"text":"standards,","start":5270.632,"end":5271.081},{"text":"particularly","start":5271.659,"end":5272.204},{"text":"in","start":5272.381,"end":5272.461},{"text":"relation","start":5272.461,"end":5272.878},{"text":"to","start":5272.878,"end":5272.99},{"text":"space","start":5273.022,"end":5273.279},{"text":"sustainability","start":5273.279,"end":5274.129},{"text":"and","start":5274.322,"end":5274.418},{"text":"space","start":5274.418,"end":5274.803},{"text":"concerns.","start":5274.803,"end":5275.252}]},{"text":"Additionally, Malaysia expressed its intention to ratify key space treaties under the auspices of the United Nations, further solidifying its commitment to fostering international cooperation, peace, and security in outer space, while ensuring that the benefits of space exploration exploration are accessible to all.","start":5276.071,"end":5294.543,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":5276.071,"end":5276.504},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5276.568,"end":5276.953},{"text":"expressed","start":5276.953,"end":5277.386},{"text":"its","start":5277.45,"end":5277.691},{"text":"intention","start":5277.755,"end":5278.413},{"text":"to","start":5278.413,"end":5278.493},{"text":"ratify","start":5278.493,"end":5278.926},{"text":"key","start":5278.974,"end":5279.231},{"text":"space","start":5279.231,"end":5279.488},{"text":"treaties","start":5279.6,"end":5279.905},{"text":"under","start":5280.097,"end":5280.338},{"text":"the","start":5280.338,"end":5280.563},{"text":"auspices","start":5280.659,"end":5281.108},{"text":"of","start":5281.22,"end":5281.397},{"text":"the","start":5281.541,"end":5281.766},{"text":"United","start":5281.766,"end":5282.183},{"text":"Nations,","start":5282.183,"end":5282.552},{"text":"further","start":5283.547,"end":5283.884},{"text":"solidifying","start":5283.884,"end":5284.638},{"text":"its","start":5284.67,"end":5285.023},{"text":"commitment","start":5285.055,"end":5285.552},{"text":"to","start":5285.552,"end":5285.68},{"text":"fostering","start":5285.696,"end":5286.162},{"text":"international","start":5286.194,"end":5286.755},{"text":"cooperation,","start":5286.819,"end":5287.493},{"text":"peace,","start":5287.942,"end":5288.199},{"text":"and","start":5288.279,"end":5288.424},{"text":"security","start":5288.424,"end":5288.969},{"text":"in","start":5289.001,"end":5289.242},{"text":"outer","start":5289.242,"end":5289.434},{"text":"space,","start":5289.483,"end":5289.884},{"text":"while","start":5290.445,"end":5290.557},{"text":"ensuring","start":5290.67,"end":5291.135},{"text":"that","start":5291.311,"end":5291.552},{"text":"the","start":5291.552,"end":5291.648},{"text":"benefits","start":5291.648,"end":5292.114},{"text":"of","start":5292.114,"end":5292.146},{"text":"space","start":5292.146,"end":5292.611},{"text":"exploration","start":5292.611,"end":5294.664},{"text":"exploration","start":5292.916,"end":5293.303},{"text":"are","start":5293.335,"end":5293.56},{"text":"accessible","start":5293.56,"end":5294.188},{"text":"to","start":5294.221,"end":5294.285},{"text":"all.","start":5294.365,"end":5294.543}]},{"text":"Through this measure, Malaysia is dedicated to contributing to a global framework that prioritizes space sustainability for future generations.","start":5295.493,"end":5303.252,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":5295.493,"end":5295.734},{"text":"this","start":5295.734,"end":5295.992},{"text":"measure,","start":5295.992,"end":5296.185},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5296.378,"end":5296.781},{"text":"is","start":5296.781,"end":5296.845},{"text":"dedicated","start":5296.958,"end":5297.57},{"text":"to","start":5297.602,"end":5297.763},{"text":"contributing","start":5297.763,"end":5298.568},{"text":"to","start":5298.568,"end":5298.713},{"text":"a","start":5298.713,"end":5298.81},{"text":"global","start":5298.81,"end":5299.196},{"text":"framework","start":5299.196,"end":5299.728},{"text":"that","start":5299.776,"end":5300.018},{"text":"prioritizes","start":5300.018,"end":5300.597},{"text":"space","start":5300.597,"end":5301.064},{"text":"sustainability","start":5301.064,"end":5301.837},{"text":"for","start":5301.95,"end":5302.16},{"text":"future","start":5302.16,"end":5302.658},{"text":"generations.","start":5302.658,"end":5303.252}]},{"text":"To conclude, Malaysia would like to reiterate our commitment to support the subcommittee's effort in promoting cooperation and mutual understanding of the peaceful use of outer space.","start":5304.425,"end":5315.351,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":5304.425,"end":5304.522},{"text":"conclude,","start":5304.522,"end":5305.004},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5305.63,"end":5305.92},{"text":"would","start":5306.032,"end":5306.096},{"text":"like","start":5306.112,"end":5306.45},{"text":"to","start":5306.45,"end":5306.594},{"text":"reiterate","start":5306.594,"end":5307.253},{"text":"our","start":5307.253,"end":5307.398},{"text":"commitment","start":5307.494,"end":5308.041},{"text":"to","start":5308.041,"end":5308.137},{"text":"support","start":5308.137,"end":5308.539},{"text":"the","start":5308.539,"end":5308.635},{"text":"subcommittee's","start":5308.635,"end":5309.647},{"text":"effort","start":5309.728,"end":5310.226},{"text":"in","start":5310.306,"end":5310.435},{"text":"promoting","start":5310.467,"end":5310.949},{"text":"cooperation","start":5310.949,"end":5311.592},{"text":"and","start":5311.835,"end":5311.981},{"text":"mutual","start":5311.981,"end":5312.467},{"text":"understanding","start":5312.467,"end":5313.099},{"text":"of","start":5313.131,"end":5313.261},{"text":"the","start":5313.293,"end":5313.52},{"text":"peaceful","start":5313.52,"end":5313.957},{"text":"use","start":5314.087,"end":5314.281},{"text":"of","start":5314.654,"end":5314.719},{"text":"outer","start":5314.832,"end":5315.075},{"text":"space.","start":5315.075,"end":5315.351}]},{"text":"Malaysia recognizes that the norm, guideline, standard or other measures discussed or proposed by the subcommittee must consider the capability and address the concern of all state members, including emerging spacefaring nations.","start":5316.679,"end":5331.513,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5316.679,"end":5317.101},{"text":"recognizes","start":5317.101,"end":5317.554},{"text":"that","start":5317.587,"end":5317.83},{"text":"the","start":5317.83,"end":5317.911},{"text":"norm,","start":5317.992,"end":5318.218},{"text":"guideline,","start":5318.397,"end":5318.948},{"text":"standard","start":5319.142,"end":5319.66},{"text":"or","start":5319.857,"end":5320.019},{"text":"other","start":5320.019,"end":5320.262},{"text":"measures","start":5320.262,"end":5320.489},{"text":"discussed","start":5320.602,"end":5321.137},{"text":"or","start":5321.169,"end":5321.25},{"text":"proposed","start":5321.25,"end":5322.222},{"text":"by","start":5322.222,"end":5322.384},{"text":"the","start":5322.384,"end":5322.465},{"text":"subcommittee","start":5322.465,"end":5323.275},{"text":"must","start":5323.826,"end":5324.085},{"text":"consider","start":5324.085,"end":5324.636},{"text":"the","start":5324.636,"end":5324.684},{"text":"capability","start":5324.814,"end":5325.397},{"text":"and","start":5325.786,"end":5325.932},{"text":"address","start":5325.932,"end":5326.337},{"text":"the","start":5326.353,"end":5326.515},{"text":"concern","start":5326.515,"end":5327.212},{"text":"of","start":5327.487,"end":5327.714},{"text":"all","start":5327.714,"end":5327.86},{"text":"state","start":5327.86,"end":5328.136},{"text":"members,","start":5328.136,"end":5328.509},{"text":"including","start":5329.094,"end":5329.564},{"text":"emerging","start":5329.678,"end":5330.133},{"text":"spacefaring","start":5330.23,"end":5331.026},{"text":"nations.","start":5331.058,"end":5331.513}]},{"text":"With that, Mr. Chair, I thank you.","start":5332.114,"end":5333.818,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":5332.114,"end":5332.26},{"text":"that,","start":5332.26,"end":5332.406},{"text":"Mr.","start":5332.455,"end":5332.666},{"text":"Chair,","start":5332.747,"end":5333.007},{"text":"I","start":5333.104,"end":5333.25},{"text":"thank","start":5333.331,"end":5333.575},{"text":"you.","start":5333.575,"end":5333.818}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":5338.108,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=5339","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the distinguished representative of Malaysia for their statement.","start":5338.108,"end":5341.844,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5338.108,"end":5338.237},{"text":"you","start":5338.27,"end":5338.334},{"text":"very","start":5338.351,"end":5338.464},{"text":"much","start":5338.464,"end":5338.658},{"text":"to","start":5338.755,"end":5338.804},{"text":"the","start":5338.804,"end":5338.852},{"text":"distinguished","start":5338.852,"end":5339.256},{"text":"representative","start":5339.256,"end":5339.968},{"text":"of","start":5340,"end":5340.114},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5340.146,"end":5340.874},{"text":"for","start":5340.874,"end":5341.133},{"text":"their","start":5341.133,"end":5341.278},{"text":"statement.","start":5341.278,"end":5341.844}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Pakistan.","start":5343.219,"end":5350.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5343.219,"end":5343.3},{"text":"following","start":5343.3,"end":5343.624},{"text":"speaker","start":5343.624,"end":5343.996},{"text":"on","start":5344.012,"end":5344.109},{"text":"my","start":5344.109,"end":5344.255},{"text":"list","start":5344.255,"end":5344.594},{"text":"is","start":5344.594,"end":5344.643},{"text":"the","start":5344.902,"end":5344.999},{"text":"distinguished","start":5344.999,"end":5345.419},{"text":"representative","start":5345.419,"end":5346.018},{"text":"of","start":5346.131,"end":5346.212},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":5349.89,"end":5350.05}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":5350.308,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=5351","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":5350.308,"end":5350.919,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5350.308,"end":5350.484},{"text":"you,","start":5350.484,"end":5350.581},{"text":"Chair.","start":5350.645,"end":5350.919}]},{"text":"At the outset, please allow us to extend our condolences to the passing of Ambassador Ander Mitzal, Chair of the Working Group on Space Resources.","start":5351.915,"end":5359.141,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":5351.915,"end":5352.028},{"text":"the","start":5352.028,"end":5352.108},{"text":"outset,","start":5352.157,"end":5352.639},{"text":"please","start":5352.655,"end":5352.944},{"text":"allow","start":5352.993,"end":5353.137},{"text":"us","start":5353.218,"end":5353.33},{"text":"to","start":5353.443,"end":5353.507},{"text":"extend","start":5353.523,"end":5353.845},{"text":"our","start":5353.845,"end":5353.941},{"text":"condolences","start":5353.941,"end":5354.472},{"text":"to","start":5354.665,"end":5354.793},{"text":"the","start":5354.809,"end":5354.906},{"text":"passing","start":5354.906,"end":5355.356},{"text":"of","start":5355.372,"end":5355.517},{"text":"Ambassador","start":5355.613,"end":5356.112},{"text":"Ander","start":5356.112,"end":5356.449},{"text":"Mitzal,","start":5356.578,"end":5357.077},{"text":"Chair","start":5357.221,"end":5357.414},{"text":"of","start":5357.414,"end":5357.527},{"text":"the","start":5357.543,"end":5357.639},{"text":"Working","start":5357.639,"end":5357.929},{"text":"Group","start":5357.961,"end":5358.187},{"text":"on","start":5358.187,"end":5358.235},{"text":"Space","start":5358.284,"end":5358.672},{"text":"Resources.","start":5358.672,"end":5359.141}]},{"text":"His contributions will be valued as we continue our work in this regard.","start":5359.901,"end":5363.685,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"His","start":5359.901,"end":5360.03},{"text":"contributions","start":5360.127,"end":5360.758},{"text":"will","start":5360.79,"end":5360.952},{"text":"be","start":5360.952,"end":5361.017},{"text":"valued","start":5361.68,"end":5362.149},{"text":"as","start":5362.149,"end":5362.213},{"text":"we","start":5362.229,"end":5362.31},{"text":"continue","start":5362.31,"end":5362.682},{"text":"our","start":5362.731,"end":5362.876},{"text":"work","start":5362.876,"end":5363.151},{"text":"in","start":5363.151,"end":5363.2},{"text":"this","start":5363.216,"end":5363.442},{"text":"regard.","start":5363.442,"end":5363.685}]},{"text":"Allow me also, Chair, to extend our full support to your continuing chairpersonship of the subcommittee, and we look forward to a successful conclusion to this session.","start":5364.77,"end":5373.063,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":5364.77,"end":5364.818},{"text":"me","start":5364.883,"end":5365.063},{"text":"also,","start":5365.111,"end":5365.372},{"text":"Chair,","start":5365.437,"end":5365.649},{"text":"to","start":5365.779,"end":5365.86},{"text":"extend","start":5365.86,"end":5366.284},{"text":"our","start":5366.284,"end":5366.349},{"text":"full","start":5366.349,"end":5366.691},{"text":"support","start":5366.691,"end":5367.31},{"text":"to","start":5367.31,"end":5367.423},{"text":"your","start":5367.423,"end":5367.635},{"text":"continuing","start":5367.635,"end":5368.107},{"text":"chairpersonship","start":5368.205,"end":5369.019},{"text":"of","start":5369.019,"end":5369.133},{"text":"the","start":5369.133,"end":5369.263},{"text":"subcommittee,","start":5369.263,"end":5369.866},{"text":"and","start":5370.419,"end":5370.485},{"text":"we","start":5370.582,"end":5370.647},{"text":"look","start":5370.647,"end":5370.761},{"text":"forward","start":5370.81,"end":5371.152},{"text":"to","start":5371.152,"end":5371.234},{"text":"a","start":5371.234,"end":5371.299},{"text":"successful","start":5371.299,"end":5373.611},{"text":"conclusion","start":5371.78,"end":5372.181},{"text":"to","start":5372.469,"end":5372.598},{"text":"this","start":5372.598,"end":5372.694},{"text":"session.","start":5372.694,"end":5373.063}]},{"text":"Pakistan aligns itself with the statement delivered by the Group of 77 and has the following remarks to add in our national capacity.","start":5374.042,"end":5380.203,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":5374.042,"end":5374.491},{"text":"aligns","start":5374.539,"end":5374.876},{"text":"itself","start":5374.876,"end":5375.245},{"text":"with","start":5375.245,"end":5375.309},{"text":"the","start":5375.341,"end":5375.421},{"text":"statement","start":5375.421,"end":5375.903},{"text":"delivered","start":5375.903,"end":5376.304},{"text":"by","start":5376.304,"end":5376.464},{"text":"the","start":5376.464,"end":5376.545},{"text":"Group","start":5376.545,"end":5376.721},{"text":"of","start":5376.721,"end":5376.785},{"text":"77","start":5376.785,"end":5377.459},{"text":"and","start":5377.587,"end":5377.652},{"text":"has","start":5377.716,"end":5377.876},{"text":"the","start":5377.892,"end":5377.94},{"text":"following","start":5377.972,"end":5378.309},{"text":"remarks","start":5378.374,"end":5378.791},{"text":"to","start":5378.791,"end":5378.919},{"text":"add","start":5378.935,"end":5379.112},{"text":"in","start":5379.112,"end":5379.208},{"text":"our","start":5379.208,"end":5379.272},{"text":"national","start":5379.272,"end":5379.657},{"text":"capacity.","start":5379.657,"end":5380.203}]},{"text":"And we are delivering a short version of our full statement, which we request to be made available online for the subcommittee's record.","start":5381.197,"end":5386.829,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5381.197,"end":5381.261},{"text":"we","start":5381.358,"end":5381.438},{"text":"are","start":5381.502,"end":5381.534},{"text":"delivering","start":5381.534,"end":5381.951},{"text":"a","start":5382.016,"end":5382.08},{"text":"short","start":5382.08,"end":5382.385},{"text":"version","start":5382.385,"end":5382.673},{"text":"of","start":5382.705,"end":5382.818},{"text":"our","start":5382.818,"end":5382.898},{"text":"full","start":5382.898,"end":5383.139},{"text":"statement,","start":5383.139,"end":5383.668},{"text":"which","start":5383.684,"end":5383.828},{"text":"we","start":5383.828,"end":5383.925},{"text":"request","start":5383.925,"end":5384.326},{"text":"to","start":5384.326,"end":5384.422},{"text":"be","start":5384.422,"end":5384.502},{"text":"made","start":5384.502,"end":5384.743},{"text":"available","start":5384.743,"end":5385.144},{"text":"online","start":5385.192,"end":5385.545},{"text":"for","start":5385.609,"end":5385.754},{"text":"the","start":5385.754,"end":5385.786},{"text":"subcommittee's","start":5385.786,"end":5386.508},{"text":"record.","start":5386.508,"end":5386.829}]},{"text":"Chair, outer space is becoming increasingly congested, competitive, as well as contested.","start":5387.695,"end":5392.877,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5387.695,"end":5388.032},{"text":"outer","start":5388.722,"end":5388.914},{"text":"space","start":5388.914,"end":5389.315},{"text":"is","start":5389.315,"end":5389.428},{"text":"becoming","start":5389.46,"end":5389.668},{"text":"increasingly","start":5389.701,"end":5390.278},{"text":"congested,","start":5390.342,"end":5391.032},{"text":"competitive,","start":5391.064,"end":5391.722},{"text":"as","start":5391.786,"end":5391.915},{"text":"well","start":5391.963,"end":5392.139},{"text":"as","start":5392.171,"end":5392.235},{"text":"contested.","start":5392.332,"end":5392.877}]},{"text":"With the entry of the private sector, the number of actors in outer space is on the rise.","start":5393.792,"end":5398.092,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":5393.792,"end":5393.952},{"text":"the","start":5394.016,"end":5394.081},{"text":"entry","start":5394.097,"end":5394.401},{"text":"of","start":5394.498,"end":5394.594},{"text":"the","start":5394.594,"end":5394.674},{"text":"private","start":5394.674,"end":5394.995},{"text":"sector,","start":5394.995,"end":5395.364},{"text":"the","start":5395.797,"end":5395.877},{"text":"number","start":5395.893,"end":5396.198},{"text":"of","start":5396.198,"end":5396.343},{"text":"actors","start":5396.343,"end":5396.664},{"text":"in","start":5396.664,"end":5396.712},{"text":"outer","start":5396.824,"end":5397.017},{"text":"space","start":5397.017,"end":5397.353},{"text":"is","start":5397.482,"end":5397.578},{"text":"on","start":5397.626,"end":5397.675},{"text":"the","start":5397.723,"end":5397.819},{"text":"rise.","start":5397.819,"end":5398.092}]},{"text":"We are also witnessing a clear trend towards unilateral national legislations governing space activities, which may be at odds with obligations emanating from international instruments.","start":5398.847,"end":5408.079,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5398.847,"end":5398.991},{"text":"are","start":5399.007,"end":5399.072},{"text":"also","start":5399.072,"end":5399.328},{"text":"witnessing","start":5399.328,"end":5399.762},{"text":"a","start":5399.81,"end":5399.874},{"text":"clear","start":5399.874,"end":5400.083},{"text":"trend","start":5400.131,"end":5400.452},{"text":"towards","start":5400.452,"end":5400.757},{"text":"unilateral","start":5400.757,"end":5401.352},{"text":"national","start":5401.352,"end":5401.769},{"text":"legislations","start":5401.769,"end":5402.427},{"text":"governing","start":5402.54,"end":5402.909},{"text":"space","start":5402.957,"end":5403.294},{"text":"activities,","start":5403.407,"end":5403.953},{"text":"which","start":5404.37,"end":5404.434},{"text":"may","start":5404.531,"end":5404.643},{"text":"be","start":5404.691,"end":5404.804},{"text":"at","start":5404.804,"end":5404.964},{"text":"odds","start":5405.012,"end":5405.318},{"text":"with","start":5405.414,"end":5405.526},{"text":"obligations","start":5405.574,"end":5406.281},{"text":"emanating","start":5406.313,"end":5406.698},{"text":"from","start":5406.779,"end":5406.907},{"text":"international","start":5406.955,"end":5407.501},{"text":"instruments.","start":5407.501,"end":5408.079}]},{"text":"Therefore, the international legal regime governing and regulating space activities needs to evolve through a transparent, inclusive, and democratic approach.","start":5408.962,"end":5417.151,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5408.962,"end":5409.46},{"text":"the","start":5409.845,"end":5409.91},{"text":"international","start":5409.91,"end":5410.472},{"text":"legal","start":5410.472,"end":5410.745},{"text":"regime","start":5410.745,"end":5411.018},{"text":"governing","start":5411.13,"end":5411.58},{"text":"and","start":5411.612,"end":5411.756},{"text":"regulating","start":5411.756,"end":5412.174},{"text":"space","start":5412.238,"end":5412.639},{"text":"activities","start":5412.639,"end":5413.185},{"text":"needs","start":5413.233,"end":5413.506},{"text":"to","start":5413.619,"end":5413.747},{"text":"evolve","start":5413.763,"end":5414.229},{"text":"through","start":5414.245,"end":5414.422},{"text":"a","start":5414.422,"end":5414.502},{"text":"transparent,","start":5414.502,"end":5415.321},{"text":"inclusive,","start":5415.385,"end":5415.995},{"text":"and","start":5416.108,"end":5416.172},{"text":"democratic","start":5416.252,"end":5416.814},{"text":"approach.","start":5416.814,"end":5417.151}]},{"text":"This is one of the utmost— this is of utmost importance to ensure that the rule of law in outer space space, safety, security, and sustainability of space operations, as well as equitable access to space for all states without any discrimination.","start":5418.195,"end":5432.433,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5418.195,"end":5418.323},{"text":"is","start":5418.436,"end":5418.532},{"text":"one","start":5418.58,"end":5418.693},{"text":"of","start":5418.693,"end":5418.773},{"text":"the","start":5418.773,"end":5418.917},{"text":"utmost—","start":5418.917,"end":5419.463},{"text":"this","start":5419.463,"end":5419.817},{"text":"is","start":5419.817,"end":5419.929},{"text":"of","start":5419.961,"end":5420.138},{"text":"utmost","start":5420.138,"end":5420.539},{"text":"importance","start":5420.539,"end":5421.149},{"text":"to","start":5421.149,"end":5421.23},{"text":"ensure","start":5421.246,"end":5421.647},{"text":"that","start":5421.647,"end":5421.872},{"text":"the","start":5421.872,"end":5421.952},{"text":"rule","start":5421.952,"end":5422.145},{"text":"of","start":5422.145,"end":5422.289},{"text":"law","start":5422.289,"end":5422.386},{"text":"in","start":5422.53,"end":5422.578},{"text":"outer","start":5422.691,"end":5422.803},{"text":"space","start":5422.803,"end":5424.746},{"text":"space,","start":5422.9,"end":5423.06},{"text":"safety,","start":5423.669,"end":5424.069},{"text":"security,","start":5424.278,"end":5425.143},{"text":"and","start":5425.239,"end":5425.463},{"text":"sustainability","start":5425.559,"end":5426.425},{"text":"of","start":5426.457,"end":5426.553},{"text":"space","start":5426.553,"end":5426.937},{"text":"operations,","start":5426.937,"end":5427.498},{"text":"as","start":5428.123,"end":5428.187},{"text":"well","start":5428.283,"end":5428.524},{"text":"as","start":5428.524,"end":5428.588},{"text":"equitable","start":5428.7,"end":5429.133},{"text":"access","start":5429.245,"end":5429.661},{"text":"to","start":5429.661,"end":5429.757},{"text":"space","start":5429.757,"end":5430.158},{"text":"for","start":5430.158,"end":5430.414},{"text":"all","start":5430.446,"end":5430.575},{"text":"states","start":5430.623,"end":5430.991},{"text":"without","start":5431.103,"end":5431.472},{"text":"any","start":5431.584,"end":5431.744},{"text":"discrimination.","start":5431.808,"end":5432.433}]},{"text":"While voluntary norms to regulate behavior in space are useful, they cannot be a substitute for legally binding instruments.","start":5433.411,"end":5440.237,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":5433.411,"end":5433.667},{"text":"voluntary","start":5433.667,"end":5434.084},{"text":"norms","start":5434.084,"end":5434.484},{"text":"to","start":5434.484,"end":5434.613},{"text":"regulate","start":5434.613,"end":5435.029},{"text":"behavior","start":5435.029,"end":5435.398},{"text":"in","start":5435.414,"end":5435.462},{"text":"space","start":5435.51,"end":5435.862},{"text":"are","start":5436.071,"end":5436.215},{"text":"useful,","start":5436.215,"end":5436.664},{"text":"they","start":5437.112,"end":5437.192},{"text":"cannot","start":5437.256,"end":5437.993},{"text":"be","start":5437.993,"end":5438.154},{"text":"a","start":5438.154,"end":5438.17},{"text":"substitute","start":5438.17,"end":5438.859},{"text":"for","start":5438.859,"end":5438.955},{"text":"legally","start":5438.955,"end":5439.323},{"text":"binding","start":5439.355,"end":5439.596},{"text":"instruments.","start":5439.676,"end":5440.237}]},{"text":"As the primary multilateral forum for progressive development of the legal regime and governance of outer space activities, the Legal Subcommittee has a very important role to play In this regard, Chair, Pakistan is a state party to all five UN treaties on outer space, including the Moon Agreement.","start":5441.182,"end":5458.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5441.182,"end":5441.326},{"text":"the","start":5441.374,"end":5441.503},{"text":"primary","start":5441.503,"end":5441.935},{"text":"multilateral","start":5441.935,"end":5442.56},{"text":"forum","start":5442.56,"end":5442.897},{"text":"for","start":5442.945,"end":5443.041},{"text":"progressive","start":5443.041,"end":5443.489},{"text":"development","start":5443.522,"end":5444.066},{"text":"of","start":5444.066,"end":5444.227},{"text":"the","start":5444.227,"end":5444.307},{"text":"legal","start":5444.307,"end":5444.563},{"text":"regime","start":5444.563,"end":5444.867},{"text":"and","start":5445.428,"end":5445.524},{"text":"governance","start":5445.524,"end":5446.085},{"text":"of","start":5446.085,"end":5446.229},{"text":"outer","start":5446.229,"end":5446.406},{"text":"space","start":5446.406,"end":5446.726},{"text":"activities,","start":5446.726,"end":5447.255},{"text":"the","start":5447.768,"end":5447.848},{"text":"Legal","start":5447.848,"end":5448.104},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":5448.104,"end":5448.729},{"text":"has","start":5448.729,"end":5448.937},{"text":"a","start":5448.969,"end":5449.13},{"text":"very","start":5449.13,"end":5449.37},{"text":"important","start":5449.37,"end":5449.835},{"text":"role","start":5449.835,"end":5450.139},{"text":"to","start":5450.171,"end":5450.299},{"text":"play","start":5450.315,"end":5450.524},{"text":"In","start":5450.412,"end":5450.46},{"text":"this","start":5450.492,"end":5450.716},{"text":"regard,","start":5450.716,"end":5451.069},{"text":"Chair,","start":5452.32,"end":5452.673},{"text":"Pakistan","start":5453.218,"end":5453.667},{"text":"is","start":5453.763,"end":5453.795},{"text":"a","start":5453.795,"end":5453.86},{"text":"state","start":5453.86,"end":5454.261},{"text":"party","start":5454.261,"end":5454.581},{"text":"to","start":5454.581,"end":5454.806},{"text":"all","start":5454.806,"end":5454.934},{"text":"five","start":5454.982,"end":5455.303},{"text":"UN","start":5455.303,"end":5455.608},{"text":"treaties","start":5455.608,"end":5455.912},{"text":"on","start":5455.944,"end":5456.089},{"text":"outer","start":5456.089,"end":5456.281},{"text":"space,","start":5456.281,"end":5456.778},{"text":"including","start":5456.907,"end":5457.276},{"text":"the","start":5457.308,"end":5457.404},{"text":"Moon","start":5457.404,"end":5457.66},{"text":"Agreement.","start":5457.709,"end":5458.19}]},{"text":"We reaffirm the principle that space is the common heritage of humankind and not subject to national appropriation by claims of sovereignty.","start":5458.895,"end":5466.85,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5458.895,"end":5459.056},{"text":"reaffirm","start":5459.056,"end":5459.505},{"text":"the","start":5459.617,"end":5459.697},{"text":"principle","start":5459.697,"end":5460.259},{"text":"that","start":5460.259,"end":5460.371},{"text":"space","start":5460.371,"end":5460.756},{"text":"is","start":5460.756,"end":5460.804},{"text":"the","start":5460.836,"end":5460.916},{"text":"common","start":5460.916,"end":5461.221},{"text":"heritage","start":5461.301,"end":5461.798},{"text":"of","start":5461.798,"end":5461.926},{"text":"humankind","start":5461.942,"end":5462.568},{"text":"and","start":5462.985,"end":5463.033},{"text":"not","start":5463.033,"end":5463.306},{"text":"subject","start":5463.306,"end":5464.043},{"text":"to","start":5464.043,"end":5464.22},{"text":"national","start":5464.3,"end":5464.765},{"text":"appropriation","start":5464.765,"end":5465.374},{"text":"by","start":5465.487,"end":5465.679},{"text":"claims","start":5465.872,"end":5466.144},{"text":"of","start":5466.144,"end":5466.224},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":5466.224,"end":5466.85}]},{"text":"It should be used for peaceful purposes and should remain accessible to all nations on a non-discriminatory basis, irrespective of the level of scientific.","start":5467.716,"end":5476.055,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5467.716,"end":5467.812},{"text":"should","start":5467.812,"end":5467.989},{"text":"be","start":5468.037,"end":5468.117},{"text":"used","start":5468.197,"end":5468.422},{"text":"for","start":5468.454,"end":5468.614},{"text":"peaceful","start":5468.614,"end":5469.015},{"text":"purposes","start":5469.015,"end":5469.464},{"text":"and","start":5469.721,"end":5469.817},{"text":"should","start":5469.817,"end":5470.057},{"text":"remain","start":5470.057,"end":5470.346},{"text":"accessible","start":5470.394,"end":5470.939},{"text":"to","start":5470.939,"end":5471.164},{"text":"all","start":5471.244,"end":5471.421},{"text":"nations","start":5471.421,"end":5471.87},{"text":"on","start":5472.046,"end":5472.094},{"text":"a","start":5472.158,"end":5472.174},{"text":"non-discriminatory","start":5472.222,"end":5473.185},{"text":"basis,","start":5473.185,"end":5473.698},{"text":"irrespective","start":5474.227,"end":5475.045},{"text":"of","start":5475.093,"end":5475.237},{"text":"the","start":5475.27,"end":5475.414},{"text":"level","start":5475.414,"end":5475.735},{"text":"of","start":5475.735,"end":5475.783},{"text":"scientific.","start":5475.815,"end":5476.055}]},{"text":"Technical or economic development.","start":5476.392,"end":5478.172,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Technical","start":5476.392,"end":5477.018},{"text":"or","start":5477.018,"end":5477.13},{"text":"economic","start":5477.13,"end":5477.675},{"text":"development.","start":5477.675,"end":5478.172}]},{"text":"Chair, space traffic management has also acquired an ever greater importance with the crowding in outer space.","start":5479.118,"end":5484.924,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5479.118,"end":5479.311},{"text":"space","start":5479.936,"end":5480.321},{"text":"traffic","start":5480.321,"end":5480.578},{"text":"management","start":5480.626,"end":5481.107},{"text":"has","start":5481.107,"end":5481.219},{"text":"also","start":5481.268,"end":5481.54},{"text":"acquired","start":5481.588,"end":5482.182},{"text":"an","start":5482.326,"end":5482.374},{"text":"ever","start":5482.47,"end":5482.631},{"text":"greater","start":5482.631,"end":5482.887},{"text":"importance","start":5482.951,"end":5483.4},{"text":"with","start":5483.529,"end":5483.689},{"text":"the","start":5483.689,"end":5483.769},{"text":"crowding","start":5483.769,"end":5484.122},{"text":"in","start":5484.17,"end":5484.25},{"text":"outer","start":5484.25,"end":5484.491},{"text":"space.","start":5484.491,"end":5484.924}]},{"text":"There is a need for a multifaceted approach to space traffic management for sustainable and interference-free space operations.","start":5485.614,"end":5492.83,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":5485.614,"end":5485.758},{"text":"is","start":5485.758,"end":5485.822},{"text":"a","start":5485.854,"end":5485.87},{"text":"need","start":5485.87,"end":5486.319},{"text":"for","start":5486.319,"end":5486.496},{"text":"a","start":5486.496,"end":5486.512},{"text":"multifaceted","start":5486.512,"end":5487.314},{"text":"approach","start":5487.314,"end":5487.843},{"text":"to","start":5487.859,"end":5487.955},{"text":"space","start":5487.955,"end":5488.308},{"text":"traffic","start":5488.404,"end":5488.677},{"text":"management","start":5488.725,"end":5489.254},{"text":"for","start":5489.543,"end":5489.703},{"text":"sustainable","start":5489.703,"end":5490.553},{"text":"and","start":5490.585,"end":5490.746},{"text":"interference-free","start":5490.746,"end":5491.868},{"text":"space","start":5491.868,"end":5492.269},{"text":"operations.","start":5492.269,"end":5492.83}]},{"text":"Moreover, with the ongoing technological advancements, exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources is becoming a possibility.","start":5493.777,"end":5502.743,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":5493.777,"end":5494.29},{"text":"with","start":5494.755,"end":5494.867},{"text":"the","start":5494.899,"end":5495.092},{"text":"ongoing","start":5495.14,"end":5495.525},{"text":"technological","start":5495.557,"end":5496.214},{"text":"advancements,","start":5496.214,"end":5496.92},{"text":"exploration,","start":5497.578,"end":5498.235},{"text":"exploitation,","start":5498.363,"end":5498.973},{"text":"and","start":5499.005,"end":5499.069},{"text":"utilization","start":5499.069,"end":5499.791},{"text":"of","start":5499.791,"end":5499.823},{"text":"space","start":5499.823,"end":5500.176},{"text":"resources","start":5500.288,"end":5500.817},{"text":"is","start":5501.074,"end":5501.138},{"text":"becoming","start":5501.234,"end":5501.539},{"text":"a","start":5501.731,"end":5501.908},{"text":"possibility.","start":5502.052,"end":5502.743}]},{"text":"That said, the fundamental principles enshrined in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty continue to provide us with the basic legal framework.","start":5503.562,"end":5511.301,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5503.562,"end":5503.802},{"text":"said,","start":5503.802,"end":5504.107},{"text":"the","start":5504.204,"end":5504.284},{"text":"fundamental","start":5504.284,"end":5504.926},{"text":"principles","start":5504.942,"end":5505.504},{"text":"enshrined","start":5505.504,"end":5506.05},{"text":"in","start":5506.05,"end":5506.131},{"text":"the","start":5506.131,"end":5506.163},{"text":"1967","start":5506.163,"end":5507.255},{"text":"Outer","start":5507.255,"end":5507.495},{"text":"Space","start":5507.495,"end":5507.833},{"text":"Treaty","start":5507.833,"end":5508.202},{"text":"continue","start":5508.635,"end":5509.037},{"text":"to","start":5509.101,"end":5509.197},{"text":"provide","start":5509.197,"end":5509.615},{"text":"us","start":5509.615,"end":5509.824},{"text":"with","start":5509.824,"end":5509.984},{"text":"the","start":5509.984,"end":5510.08},{"text":"basic","start":5510.08,"end":5510.482},{"text":"legal","start":5510.482,"end":5510.739},{"text":"framework.","start":5510.787,"end":5511.301}]},{"text":"These include non-appropriation, peaceful use, protection of the space environment, and the utilization of space in the interest of all countries, especially developing countries.","start":5512.088,"end":5522.251,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5512.088,"end":5512.296},{"text":"include","start":5512.328,"end":5512.778},{"text":"non-appropriation,","start":5512.794,"end":5513.902},{"text":"peaceful","start":5514.335,"end":5514.753},{"text":"use,","start":5514.801,"end":5515.026},{"text":"protection","start":5515.459,"end":5516.005},{"text":"of","start":5516.005,"end":5516.07},{"text":"the","start":5516.102,"end":5516.182},{"text":"space","start":5516.182,"end":5516.583},{"text":"environment,","start":5516.583,"end":5517.226},{"text":"and","start":5517.611,"end":5517.707},{"text":"the","start":5517.707,"end":5517.788},{"text":"utilization","start":5517.852,"end":5518.574},{"text":"of","start":5518.574,"end":5518.607},{"text":"space","start":5518.607,"end":5519.072},{"text":"in","start":5519.072,"end":5519.152},{"text":"the","start":5519.152,"end":5519.233},{"text":"interest","start":5519.233,"end":5519.65},{"text":"of","start":5519.65,"end":5519.731},{"text":"all","start":5519.939,"end":5520.052},{"text":"countries,","start":5520.116,"end":5520.565},{"text":"especially","start":5520.822,"end":5521.368},{"text":"developing","start":5521.4,"end":5521.93},{"text":"countries.","start":5521.946,"end":5522.251}]},{"text":"Pakistan is also concerned about the proliferation of space debris and the increased possibility of collisions and interference with the operation of space objects, especially in the low Earth orbit.","start":5523.247,"end":5534.007,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":5523.247,"end":5523.729},{"text":"is","start":5523.729,"end":5523.889},{"text":"also","start":5523.889,"end":5524.291},{"text":"concerned","start":5524.355,"end":5524.869},{"text":"about","start":5524.869,"end":5525.126},{"text":"the","start":5525.174,"end":5525.318},{"text":"proliferation","start":5525.318,"end":5525.944},{"text":"of","start":5526.041,"end":5526.089},{"text":"space","start":5526.089,"end":5526.458},{"text":"debris","start":5526.458,"end":5526.779},{"text":"and","start":5526.779,"end":5526.892},{"text":"the","start":5526.924,"end":5527.004},{"text":"increased","start":5527.004,"end":5529.236},{"text":"possibility","start":5527.39,"end":5527.984},{"text":"of","start":5527.984,"end":5528.112},{"text":"collisions","start":5528.225,"end":5528.723},{"text":"and","start":5528.771,"end":5528.835},{"text":"interference","start":5528.867,"end":5529.446},{"text":"with","start":5529.992,"end":5530.136},{"text":"the","start":5530.136,"end":5530.2},{"text":"operation","start":5530.217,"end":5530.779},{"text":"of","start":5530.779,"end":5530.875},{"text":"space","start":5530.891,"end":5531.341},{"text":"objects,","start":5531.341,"end":5531.742},{"text":"especially","start":5532.16,"end":5532.626},{"text":"in","start":5532.626,"end":5532.722},{"text":"the","start":5532.722,"end":5532.867},{"text":"low","start":5532.883,"end":5532.979},{"text":"Earth","start":5533.188,"end":5533.542},{"text":"orbit.","start":5533.59,"end":5534.007}]},{"text":"Due consideration should be given to prevent space collision and interference mitigations to another spacecraft by sharing details related to radio frequency compatibility and orbit and spectrum resource during satellite launch and early orbit phase and in-orbit testing, drifting, and deorbit With this in mind, Pakistan will continue to support the work of all working groups, action teams, and initiatives that can push forward for the collective benefit of all member states.","start":5534.81,"end":5563.254,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Due","start":5534.81,"end":5535.067},{"text":"consideration","start":5535.116,"end":5535.822},{"text":"should","start":5536.015,"end":5536.256},{"text":"be","start":5536.256,"end":5536.401},{"text":"given","start":5536.401,"end":5536.626},{"text":"to","start":5536.738,"end":5536.866},{"text":"prevent","start":5536.883,"end":5537.316},{"text":"space","start":5537.316,"end":5537.766},{"text":"collision","start":5537.766,"end":5538.135},{"text":"and","start":5538.168,"end":5538.264},{"text":"interference","start":5538.264,"end":5538.906},{"text":"mitigations","start":5538.906,"end":5539.517},{"text":"to","start":5539.967,"end":5540.079},{"text":"another","start":5540.175,"end":5540.513},{"text":"spacecraft","start":5540.513,"end":5541.236},{"text":"by","start":5541.236,"end":5541.38},{"text":"sharing","start":5541.38,"end":5541.685},{"text":"details","start":5541.717,"end":5542.167},{"text":"related","start":5542.938,"end":5543.34},{"text":"to","start":5543.388,"end":5543.5},{"text":"radio","start":5543.5,"end":5543.806},{"text":"frequency","start":5543.806,"end":5544.304},{"text":"compatibility","start":5544.512,"end":5545.299},{"text":"and","start":5545.717,"end":5545.813},{"text":"orbit","start":5545.878,"end":5546.215},{"text":"and","start":5546.215,"end":5546.295},{"text":"spectrum","start":5546.295,"end":5546.761},{"text":"resource","start":5546.761,"end":5547.259},{"text":"during","start":5547.259,"end":5547.468},{"text":"satellite","start":5547.5,"end":5548.062},{"text":"launch","start":5548.062,"end":5548.512},{"text":"and","start":5548.705,"end":5548.833},{"text":"early","start":5548.946,"end":5549.235},{"text":"orbit","start":5549.267,"end":5549.652},{"text":"phase","start":5549.652,"end":5549.877},{"text":"and","start":5550.536,"end":5550.68},{"text":"in-orbit","start":5550.777,"end":5551.355},{"text":"testing,","start":5551.355,"end":5551.805},{"text":"drifting,","start":5552.222,"end":5552.528},{"text":"and","start":5552.56,"end":5552.672},{"text":"deorbit","start":5552.704,"end":5554.921},{"text":"With","start":5553.925,"end":5554.085},{"text":"this","start":5554.085,"end":5554.198},{"text":"in","start":5554.31,"end":5554.358},{"text":"mind,","start":5554.406,"end":5554.776},{"text":"Pakistan","start":5555.209,"end":5555.643},{"text":"will","start":5555.691,"end":5555.803},{"text":"continue","start":5555.916,"end":5556.333},{"text":"to","start":5556.333,"end":5556.397},{"text":"support","start":5556.397,"end":5556.831},{"text":"the","start":5556.831,"end":5556.895},{"text":"work","start":5556.895,"end":5557.216},{"text":"of","start":5557.216,"end":5557.345},{"text":"all","start":5557.521,"end":5557.65},{"text":"working","start":5557.698,"end":5558.003},{"text":"groups,","start":5558.019,"end":5558.324},{"text":"action","start":5558.565,"end":5558.886},{"text":"teams,","start":5558.886,"end":5559.127},{"text":"and","start":5559.143,"end":5559.239},{"text":"initiatives","start":5559.239,"end":5559.834},{"text":"that","start":5560.347,"end":5560.588},{"text":"can","start":5560.588,"end":5560.749},{"text":"push","start":5560.749,"end":5560.925},{"text":"forward","start":5560.99,"end":5561.311},{"text":"for","start":5561.311,"end":5561.487},{"text":"the","start":5561.487,"end":5561.632},{"text":"collective","start":5561.632,"end":5562.017},{"text":"benefit","start":5562.017,"end":5562.371},{"text":"of","start":5562.371,"end":5562.579},{"text":"all","start":5562.579,"end":5562.676},{"text":"member","start":5562.676,"end":5562.916},{"text":"states.","start":5562.932,"end":5563.254}]},{"text":"Chair, Pakistan greatly values the work being carried out by the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, the ICG, which has contributed to the sustainable development by promoting cooperation in matters of satellite-based positioning Navigation and timing.","start":5564.281,"end":5579.744,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5564.281,"end":5564.538},{"text":"Pakistan","start":5565.084,"end":5565.598},{"text":"greatly","start":5565.71,"end":5566.096},{"text":"values","start":5566.192,"end":5566.658},{"text":"the","start":5567.011,"end":5567.155},{"text":"work","start":5567.155,"end":5567.364},{"text":"being","start":5567.412,"end":5567.541},{"text":"carried","start":5567.573,"end":5567.958},{"text":"out","start":5567.958,"end":5568.135},{"text":"by","start":5568.135,"end":5568.295},{"text":"the","start":5568.295,"end":5568.36},{"text":"International","start":5568.36,"end":5568.938},{"text":"Committee","start":5568.938,"end":5569.387},{"text":"on","start":5569.419,"end":5569.468},{"text":"Global","start":5569.564,"end":5569.853},{"text":"Navigation","start":5569.853,"end":5570.399},{"text":"Satellite","start":5570.447,"end":5570.864},{"text":"Systems,","start":5570.864,"end":5571.282},{"text":"the","start":5571.587,"end":5571.651},{"text":"ICG,","start":5571.651,"end":5572.085},{"text":"which","start":5572.952,"end":5573.177},{"text":"has","start":5573.177,"end":5573.321},{"text":"contributed","start":5573.353,"end":5573.979},{"text":"to","start":5573.979,"end":5574.076},{"text":"the","start":5574.076,"end":5574.156},{"text":"sustainable","start":5574.156,"end":5574.782},{"text":"development","start":5574.782,"end":5575.36},{"text":"by","start":5575.36,"end":5575.521},{"text":"promoting","start":5575.521,"end":5575.906},{"text":"cooperation","start":5575.987,"end":5576.581},{"text":"in","start":5576.581,"end":5576.645},{"text":"matters","start":5576.709,"end":5577.062},{"text":"of","start":5577.062,"end":5577.127},{"text":"satellite-based","start":5577.127,"end":5577.849},{"text":"positioning","start":5577.849,"end":5578.299},{"text":"Navigation","start":5578.732,"end":5579.294},{"text":"and","start":5579.294,"end":5579.455},{"text":"timing.","start":5579.455,"end":5579.744}]},{"text":"GNSS technologies have become an integral part of our societies and economies.","start":5580.563,"end":5584.32,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":5599.445,"end":5599.927},{"text":"believes","start":5599.927,"end":5600.216},{"text":"that","start":5600.473,"end":5600.585},{"text":"the","start":5600.585,"end":5600.698},{"text":"ICG","start":5600.714,"end":5601.051},{"text":"is","start":5601.051,"end":5601.227},{"text":"a","start":5601.227,"end":5601.244},{"text":"purely","start":5601.356,"end":5601.677},{"text":"technical","start":5601.677,"end":5602.03},{"text":"body","start":5602.078,"end":5602.303},{"text":"whose","start":5602.801,"end":5603.026},{"text":"work","start":5603.122,"end":5603.379},{"text":"stands","start":5603.379,"end":5603.748},{"text":"to","start":5603.78,"end":5603.813},{"text":"benefit.","start":5603.813,"end":5603.989}]},{"text":"Benefit from the participation of countries that have growing GNSS capabilities.","start":5604.07,"end":5607.598,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Benefit","start":5604.07,"end":5604.246},{"text":"from","start":5604.246,"end":5604.326},{"text":"the","start":5604.406,"end":5604.486},{"text":"participation","start":5604.486,"end":5605.16},{"text":"of","start":5605.16,"end":5605.272},{"text":"countries","start":5605.304,"end":5605.673},{"text":"that","start":5605.785,"end":5605.994},{"text":"have","start":5605.994,"end":5606.106},{"text":"growing","start":5606.17,"end":5606.395},{"text":"GNSS","start":5606.507,"end":5606.972},{"text":"capabilities.","start":5606.972,"end":5607.598}]},{"text":"The ICG will not be able to pursue its stated objective effectively if countries which can contribute to its technical work continue to be excluded.","start":5608.271,"end":5616.787,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5617.412,"end":5617.557},{"text":"hope","start":5617.557,"end":5617.974},{"text":"that","start":5617.974,"end":5618.198},{"text":"technical","start":5618.198,"end":5618.679},{"text":"considerations","start":5618.679,"end":5619.433},{"text":"will","start":5619.497,"end":5619.609},{"text":"retain","start":5619.722,"end":5620.01},{"text":"merit","start":5620.123,"end":5620.54},{"text":"and","start":5620.844,"end":5620.94},{"text":"Pakistan","start":5620.94,"end":5621.55},{"text":"can","start":5621.566,"end":5621.646},{"text":"join","start":5621.662,"end":5621.903},{"text":"this","start":5621.903,"end":5622.031},{"text":"important","start":5622.143,"end":5622.544},{"text":"platform","start":5622.544,"end":5623.089},{"text":"at","start":5623.089,"end":5623.266},{"text":"the","start":5623.266,"end":5623.426},{"text":"earliest.","start":5623.426,"end":5623.923}]},{"text":"Chair, with that, we look forward to a fruitful exchange of views among member states during this important session of the 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thank you.","start":5631.899,"end":5632.316,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5631.899,"end":5631.983},{"text":"thank","start":5631.983,"end":5632.233},{"text":"you.","start":5632.233,"end":5632.316}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PAK","affiliation_full":"Pakistan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":5637.13,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=5638","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the distinguished representative of Pakistan for your 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Iran.","start":5642.83,"end":5647.779,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":5642.83,"end":5642.992},{"text":"speaker","start":5643.008,"end":5643.397},{"text":"on","start":5643.414,"end":5643.479},{"text":"my","start":5643.511,"end":5643.673},{"text":"list","start":5643.673,"end":5644.079},{"text":"is","start":5644.809,"end":5644.89},{"text":"the","start":5644.89,"end":5645.036},{"text":"distinguished","start":5645.053,"end":5645.539},{"text":"representative","start":5645.539,"end":5646.237},{"text":"of","start":5647.389,"end":5647.487},{"text":"Iran.","start":5647.487,"end":5647.779}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":5652.051,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=5653","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5652.051,"end":5652.893,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5652.051,"end":5652.229},{"text":"you,","start":5652.229,"end":5652.262},{"text":"Mr.","start":5652.294,"end":5652.489},{"text":"Chair.","start":5652.553,"end":5652.893}]},{"text":"Uh, we're delighted to see you We are delighted to see you chairing this meeting and extend our sincere appreciation to you for your continued leadership.","start":5653.266,"end":5664.88,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Uh,","start":5653.266,"end":5653.298},{"text":"we're","start":5653.59,"end":5653.751},{"text":"delighted","start":5653.751,"end":5654.172},{"text":"to","start":5654.172,"end":5654.318},{"text":"see","start":5654.318,"end":5654.577},{"text":"you","start":5654.577,"end":5654.755},{"text":"We","start":5657.834,"end":5657.915},{"text":"are","start":5657.915,"end":5657.995},{"text":"delighted","start":5657.995,"end":5658.415},{"text":"to","start":5658.415,"end":5658.512},{"text":"see","start":5658.512,"end":5658.755},{"text":"you","start":5658.82,"end":5658.965},{"text":"chairing","start":5659.45,"end":5659.838},{"text":"this","start":5659.87,"end":5659.999},{"text":"meeting","start":5660.112,"end":5660.403},{"text":"and","start":5660.743,"end":5661.324},{"text":"extend","start":5661.324,"end":5661.712},{"text":"our","start":5661.712,"end":5661.809},{"text":"sincere","start":5661.809,"end":5662.165},{"text":"appreciation","start":5662.197,"end":5662.908},{"text":"to","start":5663.021,"end":5663.231},{"text":"you","start":5663.248,"end":5663.312},{"text":"for","start":5663.49,"end":5663.684},{"text":"your","start":5663.684,"end":5663.845},{"text":"continued","start":5663.991,"end":5664.476},{"text":"leadership.","start":5664.476,"end":5664.88}]},{"text":"We also appreciate UNOCS Director and Secretariat for the preparations and convening of this meeting.","start":5665.365,"end":5670.768,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5665.365,"end":5665.445},{"text":"also","start":5665.51,"end":5665.704},{"text":"appreciate","start":5665.704,"end":5666.06},{"text":"UNOCS","start":5666.06,"end":5666.632},{"text":"Director","start":5667.139,"end":5667.547},{"text":"and","start":5667.629,"end":5667.727},{"text":"Secretariat","start":5667.727,"end":5668.381},{"text":"for","start":5668.381,"end":5668.692},{"text":"the","start":5668.692,"end":5668.79},{"text":"preparations","start":5668.79,"end":5669.493},{"text":"and","start":5669.591,"end":5669.754},{"text":"convening","start":5669.754,"end":5670.147},{"text":"of","start":5670.245,"end":5670.343},{"text":"this","start":5670.343,"end":5670.572},{"text":"meeting.","start":5670.572,"end":5670.768}]},{"text":"Iran aligns itself with the statement made by G7 and China and makes the following in its national 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Leadership Committee alongside the Technical Committee remains a fundamental pillar of COPUS in advancing dialogue on international space law, clarifying the rights and responsibilities of nations, and fostering equitable access to our space resources.","start":5680.418,"end":5696.104,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5727.604,"end":5727.78},{"text":"approach","start":5727.78,"end":5728.31},{"text":"prevents","start":5728.566,"end":5729.048},{"text":"marginalization,","start":5729.048,"end":5729.962},{"text":"reinforces","start":5730.235,"end":5730.861},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":5730.957,"end":5731.823},{"text":"and","start":5732.401,"end":5732.577},{"text":"solidifies","start":5732.577,"end":5733.267},{"text":"space","start":5733.315,"end":5733.732},{"text":"law","start":5733.764,"end":5733.861},{"text":"as","start":5734.021,"end":5734.069},{"text":"an","start":5734.085,"end":5735.995},{"text":"tool","start":5734.247,"end":5734.523},{"text":"for","start":5734.572,"end":5734.718},{"text":"fairness","start":5734.913,"end":5735.515},{"text":"and","start":5735.791,"end":5735.905},{"text":"stability","start":5735.905,"end":5736.506},{"text":"rather","start":5736.539,"end":5736.783},{"text":"than","start":5736.783,"end":5736.897},{"text":"division","start":5736.945,"end":5737.482},{"text":"or","start":5737.579,"end":5737.66},{"text":"exclusion.","start":5737.66,"end":5738.294}]},{"text":"Iran underscores that space resource activities should advance global peace, technological equity, and fair access, preventing monopolization and discriminatory practices that exacerbate inequalities.","start":5740.228,"end":5754.661,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran","start":5740.228,"end":5740.711},{"text":"underscores","start":5740.711,"end":5741.34},{"text":"that","start":5742.098,"end":5742.34},{"text":"space","start":5742.34,"end":5742.824},{"text":"resource","start":5742.824,"end":5743.227},{"text":"activities","start":5743.227,"end":5743.84},{"text":"should","start":5744.017,"end":5744.42},{"text":"advance","start":5744.42,"end":5744.985},{"text":"global","start":5744.985,"end":5745.34},{"text":"peace,","start":5745.469,"end":5745.759},{"text":"technological","start":5746.146,"end":5746.759},{"text":"equity,","start":5746.952,"end":5747.388},{"text":"and","start":5747.565,"end":5747.726},{"text":"fair","start":5747.726,"end":5747.969},{"text":"access,","start":5747.969,"end":5748.422},{"text":"preventing","start":5748.777,"end":5749.246},{"text":"monopolization","start":5749.359,"end":5750.2},{"text":"and","start":5750.313,"end":5750.475},{"text":"discriminatory","start":5750.475,"end":5751.186},{"text":"practices","start":5751.364,"end":5751.913},{"text":"that","start":5752.431,"end":5752.608},{"text":"exacerbate","start":5752.98,"end":5753.885},{"text":"inequalities.","start":5753.885,"end":5754.661}]},{"text":"We commend the efforts of the Chair and Working Group in developing a set of principles for space resources activities.","start":5755.324,"end":5762.487,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5809.215,"end":5809.36},{"text":"the","start":5809.52,"end":5809.601},{"text":"United","start":5809.601,"end":5809.938},{"text":"Nations","start":5809.938,"end":5810.339},{"text":"Treaties","start":5810.339,"end":5810.708},{"text":"on","start":5810.756,"end":5810.836},{"text":"Outer","start":5810.885,"end":5811.141},{"text":"space","start":5811.19,"end":5811.414},{"text":"serve","start":5811.462,"end":5811.992},{"text":"as","start":5812.168,"end":5812.233},{"text":"the","start":5812.281,"end":5812.409},{"text":"foundation","start":5812.409,"end":5813.019},{"text":"for","start":5813.067,"end":5813.196},{"text":"legal","start":5813.228,"end":5813.501},{"text":"stability","start":5813.549,"end":5814.158},{"text":"and","start":5814.335,"end":5814.496},{"text":"multilateral","start":5814.496,"end":5815.218},{"text":"cooperation,","start":5815.218,"end":5815.844},{"text":"shaping","start":5816.421,"end":5816.79},{"text":"our","start":5816.903,"end":5817.063},{"text":"collective","start":5817.063,"end":5817.481},{"text":"journey","start":5817.481,"end":5817.882},{"text":"beyond","start":5817.882,"end":5818.283},{"text":"Earth.","start":5818.347,"end":5818.492}]},{"text":"These agreements contribute to preventing an arms race in space, ensuring sustainable access for all countries, and fostering international cooperation in the peaceful exploration of space.","start":5819.39,"end":5829.966,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5819.39,"end":5819.615},{"text":"agreements","start":5819.647,"end":5820.353},{"text":"contribute","start":5820.353,"end":5821.011},{"text":"to","start":5821.011,"end":5821.092},{"text":"preventing","start":5821.092,"end":5821.621},{"text":"an","start":5821.653,"end":5821.701},{"text":"arms","start":5821.798,"end":5822.07},{"text":"race","start":5822.119,"end":5822.359},{"text":"in","start":5822.359,"end":5822.456},{"text":"space,","start":5822.472,"end":5822.825},{"text":"ensuring","start":5823.242,"end":5823.627},{"text":"sustainable","start":5823.675,"end":5824.349},{"text":"access","start":5824.767,"end":5825.104},{"text":"for","start":5825.104,"end":5825.248},{"text":"all","start":5825.248,"end":5825.296},{"text":"countries,","start":5825.489,"end":5825.954},{"text":"and","start":5826.291,"end":5826.452},{"text":"fostering","start":5826.452,"end":5826.997},{"text":"international","start":5827.11,"end":5827.591},{"text":"cooperation","start":5827.591,"end":5828.153},{"text":"in","start":5828.153,"end":5828.378},{"text":"the","start":5828.378,"end":5828.458},{"text":"peaceful","start":5828.458,"end":5828.875},{"text":"exploration","start":5828.875,"end":5829.453},{"text":"of","start":5829.501,"end":5829.597},{"text":"space.","start":5829.597,"end":5829.966}]},{"text":"To uphold these treaties, member states must actively promote collaboration in scientific research, technology transfer, and joint exploration.","start":5830.801,"end":5838.28,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Achieving","start":5850.563,"end":5850.916},{"text":"universality","start":5850.933,"end":5851.671},{"text":"and","start":5851.671,"end":5852.008},{"text":"adherence","start":5852.073,"end":5852.618},{"text":"to","start":5852.618,"end":5852.715},{"text":"these","start":5852.715,"end":5853.004},{"text":"treaties","start":5853.116,"end":5853.566},{"text":"requires","start":5853.678,"end":5854.208},{"text":"a","start":5854.32,"end":5854.385},{"text":"renewed","start":5854.385,"end":5854.963},{"text":"commitment","start":5854.963,"end":5855.493},{"text":"to","start":5855.669,"end":5855.75},{"text":"international","start":5855.75,"end":5856.247},{"text":"cooperation,","start":5856.247,"end":5856.938},{"text":"knowledge","start":5857.371,"end":5857.692},{"text":"sharing,","start":5857.692,"end":5858.062},{"text":"and","start":5858.319,"end":5858.527},{"text":"technology","start":5859.057,"end":5859.603},{"text":"transfer.","start":5859.603,"end":5860.037}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the efforts— any efforts to address new developments, opportunities, and challenges in outer space outside the framework of the UN Charter and COPUSS risks fragmenting existing space law, undermining the coherence and legitimacy of these treaties.","start":5860.727,"end":5876.28,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5911.871,"end":5912.016},{"text":"recognize","start":5912.016,"end":5912.642},{"text":"the","start":5912.658,"end":5912.754},{"text":"importance","start":5912.754,"end":5913.252},{"text":"of","start":5913.252,"end":5913.397},{"text":"space","start":5913.397,"end":5913.798},{"text":"traffic","start":5913.798,"end":5914.183},{"text":"management","start":5914.183,"end":5914.922},{"text":"in","start":5914.922,"end":5915.003},{"text":"a","start":5915.003,"end":5915.148},{"text":"rapidly","start":5915.148,"end":5915.551},{"text":"evolving","start":5915.551,"end":5915.906},{"text":"space","start":5915.971,"end":5916.309},{"text":"environment.","start":5916.309,"end":5916.777}]},{"text":"Our commitment to equitable access, capacity building, and the sustainable conduct of space activities shapes our stance on STM.","start":5917.164,"end":5930.828,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":5917.164,"end":5917.261},{"text":"commitment","start":5917.261,"end":5918.003},{"text":"to","start":5918.228,"end":5918.293},{"text":"equitable","start":5918.373,"end":5918.97},{"text":"access,","start":5918.97,"end":5919.502},{"text":"capacity","start":5919.518,"end":5920.309},{"text":"building,","start":5920.309,"end":5921.018},{"text":"and","start":5921.05,"end":5921.131},{"text":"the","start":5921.131,"end":5921.212},{"text":"sustainable","start":5921.212,"end":5921.76},{"text":"conduct","start":5921.776,"end":5922.26},{"text":"of","start":5922.26,"end":5922.47},{"text":"space","start":5922.47,"end":5922.89},{"text":"activities","start":5922.89,"end":5923.359},{"text":"shapes","start":5923.86,"end":5927.627},{"text":"our","start":5927.74,"end":5929.373},{"text":"stance","start":5929.712,"end":5930.246},{"text":"on","start":5930.246,"end":5930.294},{"text":"STM.","start":5930.343,"end":5930.828}]},{"text":"Space-leading nations bear a significant responsibility to mitigate and remove the space debris they have produced.","start":5931.006,"end":5937.183,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"Space-leading","start":5931.006,"end":5931.765},{"text":"nations","start":5931.798,"end":5932.17},{"text":"bear","start":5932.202,"end":5932.444},{"text":"a","start":5932.444,"end":5932.46},{"text":"significant","start":5932.46,"end":5933.008},{"text":"responsibility","start":5933.008,"end":5933.733},{"text":"to","start":5933.733,"end":5933.83},{"text":"mitigate","start":5933.878,"end":5934.555},{"text":"and","start":5934.604,"end":5934.781},{"text":"remove","start":5934.781,"end":5935.184},{"text":"the","start":5935.184,"end":5935.281},{"text":"space","start":5935.281,"end":5935.748},{"text":"debris","start":5935.748,"end":5936.103},{"text":"they","start":5936.151,"end":5936.264},{"text":"have","start":5936.377,"end":5936.522},{"text":"produced.","start":5936.635,"end":5937.183}]},{"text":"We have carefully considered the proposal to establish an open-ended study group on SDM.","start":5937.747,"end":5942.395,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5937.747,"end":5937.844},{"text":"have","start":5937.844,"end":5938.021},{"text":"carefully","start":5938.15,"end":5938.65},{"text":"considered","start":5938.65,"end":5939.198},{"text":"the","start":5939.198,"end":5939.295},{"text":"proposal","start":5939.295,"end":5939.698},{"text":"to","start":5939.698,"end":5939.746},{"text":"establish","start":5939.778,"end":5940.358},{"text":"an","start":5940.372,"end":5940.42},{"text":"open-ended","start":5940.516,"end":5940.982},{"text":"study","start":5941.11,"end":5941.415},{"text":"group","start":5941.415,"end":5941.752},{"text":"on","start":5941.801,"end":5941.961},{"text":"SDM.","start":5941.977,"end":5942.395}]},{"text":"During the previous Legal Subcommittee session, we actively participated in discussions on this proposal.","start":5942.78,"end":5947.918,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"During","start":5942.78,"end":5943.149},{"text":"the","start":5943.503,"end":5943.647},{"text":"previous","start":5943.647,"end":5944.049},{"text":"Legal","start":5944.049,"end":5944.257},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":5944.257,"end":5944.803},{"text":"session,","start":5944.803,"end":5945.156},{"text":"we","start":5945.269,"end":5945.413},{"text":"actively","start":5945.413,"end":5945.751},{"text":"participated","start":5945.751,"end":5946.409},{"text":"in","start":5946.409,"end":5946.473},{"text":"discussions","start":5946.473,"end":5947.083},{"text":"on","start":5947.18,"end":5947.276},{"text":"this","start":5947.276,"end":5947.437},{"text":"proposal.","start":5947.437,"end":5947.918}]},{"text":"Similar to other bodies operating under the UN system, we believe the mandate and the scope of this study group requires thorough deliberation before its establishment.","start":5948.159,"end":5958.114,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Similar","start":5948.159,"end":5948.625},{"text":"to","start":5948.625,"end":5948.737},{"text":"other","start":5948.866,"end":5949.155},{"text":"bodies","start":5949.604,"end":5950.054},{"text":"operating","start":5950.712,"end":5951.097},{"text":"under","start":5951.194,"end":5951.419},{"text":"the","start":5951.435,"end":5951.515},{"text":"UN","start":5951.515,"end":5951.708},{"text":"system,","start":5951.708,"end":5952.109},{"text":"we","start":5952.157,"end":5952.318},{"text":"believe","start":5952.318,"end":5952.703},{"text":"the","start":5952.719,"end":5952.799},{"text":"mandate","start":5952.799,"end":5953.442},{"text":"and","start":5953.458,"end":5953.522},{"text":"the","start":5953.538,"end":5953.602},{"text":"scope","start":5953.602,"end":5953.907},{"text":"of","start":5953.923,"end":5954.036},{"text":"this","start":5954.036,"end":5954.261},{"text":"study","start":5954.261,"end":5954.55},{"text":"group","start":5954.566,"end":5954.823},{"text":"requires","start":5954.823,"end":5955.272},{"text":"thorough","start":5955.77,"end":5956.107},{"text":"deliberation","start":5956.123,"end":5956.749},{"text":"before","start":5956.749,"end":5957.022},{"text":"its","start":5957.135,"end":5957.311},{"text":"establishment.","start":5957.311,"end":5958.114}]},{"text":"Addressing space debris requires access to accurate space situational awareness data, ensuring Transparent shaping of information on space objects, conjunction assessments, and collision avoidance maneuvers.","start":5958.837,"end":5972.292,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Addressing","start":5958.837,"end":5959.367},{"text":"space","start":5959.575,"end":5959.961},{"text":"debris","start":5959.961,"end":5960.346},{"text":"requires","start":5960.346,"end":5960.731},{"text":"access","start":5960.844,"end":5962.482},{"text":"to","start":5962.53,"end":5962.626},{"text":"accurate","start":5962.674,"end":5963.108},{"text":"space","start":5963.108,"end":5963.429},{"text":"situational","start":5963.429,"end":5964.119},{"text":"awareness","start":5964.119,"end":5964.649},{"text":"data,","start":5964.697,"end":5965.099},{"text":"ensuring","start":5965.324,"end":5965.789},{"text":"Transparent","start":5965.87,"end":5966.367},{"text":"shaping","start":5966.367,"end":5966.672},{"text":"of","start":5966.704,"end":5966.785},{"text":"information","start":5966.785,"end":5967.315},{"text":"on","start":5967.427,"end":5967.604},{"text":"space","start":5967.604,"end":5967.957},{"text":"objects,","start":5968.214,"end":5968.712},{"text":"conjunction","start":5969.017,"end":5969.643},{"text":"assessments,","start":5969.755,"end":5970.397},{"text":"and","start":5970.542,"end":5970.735},{"text":"collision","start":5970.783,"end":5971.152},{"text":"avoidance","start":5971.184,"end":5971.762},{"text":"maneuvers.","start":5971.827,"end":5972.292}]},{"text":"SSA is fundamental to space safety, enabling tracking, collision prevention, and responsible operation.","start":5972.886,"end":5979.999,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"SSA","start":5972.886,"end":5973.352},{"text":"is","start":5973.448,"end":5973.496},{"text":"fundamental","start":5973.609,"end":5974.267},{"text":"to","start":5974.958,"end":5975.086},{"text":"space","start":5975.134,"end":5975.471},{"text":"safety,","start":5975.471,"end":5975.985},{"text":"enabling","start":5976.098,"end":5976.467},{"text":"tracking,","start":5976.579,"end":5977.029},{"text":"collision","start":5977.543,"end":5977.944},{"text":"prevention,","start":5977.944,"end":5978.41},{"text":"and","start":5978.506,"end":5978.667},{"text":"responsible","start":5978.667,"end":5979.357},{"text":"operation.","start":5979.469,"end":5979.999}]},{"text":"Iran underscores the negative impact of unilateral sanctions on access to SSA.","start":5980.256,"end":5984.929,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran","start":5980.256,"end":5980.465},{"text":"underscores","start":5980.513,"end":5981.123},{"text":"the","start":5981.236,"end":5981.316},{"text":"negative","start":5981.316,"end":5981.701},{"text":"impact","start":5981.701,"end":5982.103},{"text":"of","start":5982.103,"end":5982.199},{"text":"unilateral","start":5982.199,"end":5982.809},{"text":"sanctions","start":5982.857,"end":5983.612},{"text":"on","start":5983.724,"end":5983.821},{"text":"access","start":5983.965,"end":5984.351},{"text":"to","start":5984.351,"end":5984.399},{"text":"SSA.","start":5984.447,"end":5984.929}]},{"text":"Such sanctions imposed arbitrarily by select nations create barriers to international cooperation.","start":5985.41,"end":5991.319,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":5985.41,"end":5985.619},{"text":"sanctions","start":5985.715,"end":5986.358},{"text":"imposed","start":5986.358,"end":5986.92},{"text":"arbitrarily","start":5986.92,"end":5987.642},{"text":"by","start":5987.658,"end":5987.771},{"text":"select","start":5988.22,"end":5988.702},{"text":"nations","start":5988.702,"end":5989.136},{"text":"create","start":5989.264,"end":5989.698},{"text":"barriers","start":5989.89,"end":5990.356},{"text":"to","start":5990.452,"end":5990.549},{"text":"international","start":5990.549,"end":5991.094},{"text":"cooperation.","start":5991.094,"end":5991.319}]},{"text":"Restricting data exchange, tracking technologies, and participation in global SSA initiatives.","start":5992.218,"end":5997.742,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Restricting","start":5992.218,"end":5992.684},{"text":"data","start":5992.716,"end":5992.925},{"text":"exchange,","start":5992.957,"end":5993.567},{"text":"tracking","start":5993.84,"end":5994.242},{"text":"technologies,","start":5994.306,"end":5995.012},{"text":"and","start":5995.189,"end":5995.285},{"text":"participation","start":5995.285,"end":5996.168},{"text":"in","start":5996.168,"end":5996.297},{"text":"global","start":5996.313,"end":5996.602},{"text":"SSA","start":5996.65,"end":5997.132},{"text":"initiatives.","start":5997.228,"end":5997.742}]},{"text":"These limitations not only compromise space security for sanctioned states but also disrupt broader space operations, affecting the safety and coordination of other nations' activities.","start":5998.336,"end":6009.431,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5998.336,"end":5998.464},{"text":"limitations","start":5998.577,"end":5999.187},{"text":"not","start":5999.235,"end":5999.524},{"text":"only","start":5999.524,"end":5999.765},{"text":"compromise","start":5999.765,"end":6000.311},{"text":"space","start":6000.343,"end":6000.632},{"text":"security","start":6000.664,"end":6001.226},{"text":"for","start":6001.226,"end":6001.403},{"text":"sanctioned","start":6001.403,"end":6001.965},{"text":"states","start":6001.965,"end":6002.591},{"text":"but","start":6003.073,"end":6003.314},{"text":"also","start":6003.378,"end":6003.699},{"text":"disrupt","start":6003.699,"end":6004.116},{"text":"broader","start":6004.116,"end":6004.405},{"text":"space","start":6004.534,"end":6005.016},{"text":"operations,","start":6005.224,"end":6005.85},{"text":"affecting","start":6006.043,"end":6006.493},{"text":"the","start":6006.509,"end":6006.589},{"text":"safety","start":6006.589,"end":6006.99},{"text":"and","start":6006.99,"end":6007.055},{"text":"coordination","start":6007.087,"end":6007.633},{"text":"of","start":6007.633,"end":6007.809},{"text":"other","start":6007.809,"end":6007.97},{"text":"nations'","start":6007.97,"end":6008.58},{"text":"activities.","start":6008.917,"end":6009.431}]},{"text":"Therefore, the safety of space operations and the space environment necessitates that SSA remains globally accessible for free from geopolitical constraints, ensuring that no nation is unfairly disadvantaged due to external political considerations.","start":6009.64,"end":6024.156,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":6009.64,"end":6010.009},{"text":"the","start":6010.459,"end":6010.555},{"text":"safety","start":6010.555,"end":6011.069},{"text":"of","start":6011.085,"end":6011.117},{"text":"space","start":6011.117,"end":6011.486},{"text":"operations","start":6011.486,"end":6012.032},{"text":"and","start":6012.53,"end":6012.707},{"text":"the","start":6012.707,"end":6012.803},{"text":"space","start":6012.803,"end":6013.172},{"text":"environment","start":6013.172,"end":6013.67},{"text":"necessitates","start":6013.67,"end":6014.457},{"text":"that","start":6014.457,"end":6014.714},{"text":"SSA","start":6014.714,"end":6015.115},{"text":"remains","start":6015.115,"end":6015.565},{"text":"globally","start":6015.597,"end":6015.998},{"text":"accessible","start":6015.998,"end":6016.544},{"text":"for","start":6016.64,"end":6018.824},{"text":"free","start":6016.93,"end":6017.206},{"text":"from","start":6017.206,"end":6017.352},{"text":"geopolitical","start":6017.449,"end":6018.034},{"text":"constraints,","start":6018.099,"end":6018.813},{"text":"ensuring","start":6018.911,"end":6019.349},{"text":"that","start":6019.398,"end":6019.625},{"text":"no","start":6019.625,"end":6019.723},{"text":"nation","start":6019.804,"end":6020.194},{"text":"is","start":6020.194,"end":6020.259},{"text":"unfairly","start":6020.762,"end":6021.152},{"text":"disadvantaged","start":6021.249,"end":6022.11},{"text":"due","start":6022.142,"end":6022.386},{"text":"to","start":6022.386,"end":6022.435},{"text":"external","start":6022.467,"end":6022.922},{"text":"political","start":6023.035,"end":6023.376},{"text":"considerations.","start":6023.441,"end":6024.156}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, my delegation stands ready to contribute constructively to this session's deliberations, reaffirming multilateralism and inclusivity as central tenets of the peaceful use of outer space.","start":6024.926,"end":6035.115,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6024.926,"end":6024.99},{"text":"conclusion,","start":6024.99,"end":6025.361},{"text":"Mr.","start":6025.377,"end":6025.539},{"text":"Chairman,","start":6025.587,"end":6025.861},{"text":"my","start":6025.99,"end":6026.023},{"text":"delegation","start":6026.023,"end":6026.507},{"text":"stands","start":6026.555,"end":6026.845},{"text":"ready","start":6026.862,"end":6027.007},{"text":"to","start":6027.103,"end":6027.184},{"text":"contribute","start":6027.184,"end":6027.571},{"text":"constructively","start":6027.604,"end":6028.313},{"text":"to","start":6028.313,"end":6028.362},{"text":"this","start":6028.41,"end":6028.523},{"text":"session's","start":6028.604,"end":6028.975},{"text":"deliberations,","start":6028.975,"end":6029.669},{"text":"reaffirming","start":6029.765,"end":6030.314},{"text":"multilateralism","start":6030.411,"end":6031.314},{"text":"and","start":6031.395,"end":6031.556},{"text":"inclusivity","start":6031.556,"end":6032.25},{"text":"as","start":6032.346,"end":6032.411},{"text":"central","start":6032.443,"end":6032.976},{"text":"tenets","start":6032.992,"end":6033.411},{"text":"of","start":6033.798,"end":6033.831},{"text":"the","start":6033.831,"end":6033.976},{"text":"peaceful","start":6033.976,"end":6034.315},{"text":"use","start":6034.315,"end":6034.621},{"text":"of","start":6034.621,"end":6034.67},{"text":"outer","start":6034.67,"end":6034.801},{"text":"space.","start":6034.801,"end":6035.115}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":6035.626,"end":6036.516,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6035.626,"end":6035.692},{"text":"thank","start":6035.692,"end":6035.89},{"text":"you,","start":6035.923,"end":6036.038},{"text":"Mr.","start":6036.088,"end":6036.203},{"text":"Chairman.","start":6036.269,"end":6036.516}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IRN","affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":6040.114,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=6041","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of Iran for their statement.","start":6040.114,"end":6043.528,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6040.114,"end":6040.212},{"text":"would","start":6040.212,"end":6040.359},{"text":"like","start":6040.376,"end":6040.539},{"text":"to","start":6040.539,"end":6040.669},{"text":"thank","start":6040.686,"end":6040.931},{"text":"the","start":6040.931,"end":6041.013},{"text":"distinguished","start":6041.013,"end":6041.453},{"text":"representative","start":6041.453,"end":6042.221},{"text":"of","start":6042.319,"end":6042.482},{"text":"Iran","start":6042.482,"end":6042.793},{"text":"for","start":6042.972,"end":6043.087},{"text":"their","start":6043.087,"end":6043.234},{"text":"statement.","start":6043.234,"end":6043.528}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Kazakhstan.","start":6046.188,"end":6052.515,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6046.188,"end":6046.269},{"text":"following","start":6046.269,"end":6046.641},{"text":"speaker","start":6046.771,"end":6047.305},{"text":"on","start":6047.321,"end":6047.369},{"text":"my","start":6047.467,"end":6047.645},{"text":"list","start":6047.645,"end":6048.065},{"text":"is","start":6049.845,"end":6049.959},{"text":"the","start":6049.991,"end":6050.088},{"text":"distinguished","start":6050.088,"end":6050.638},{"text":"representative","start":6050.638,"end":6051.415},{"text":"of","start":6051.528,"end":6051.625},{"text":"Kazakhstan.","start":6051.69,"end":6052.515}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6054.748,"end":6055.782,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6054.748,"end":6055.104},{"text":"have","start":6055.25,"end":6055.38},{"text":"the","start":6055.38,"end":6055.519},{"text":"floor.","start":6055.519,"end":6055.782}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":6057.22,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=6058","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Distinguished Chair, at the outset, allow me to commend your able stewardship in the Corpus Legal Subcommittee and emphasize utmost dedication and professionalism of our UNUSA colleagues.","start":6057.22,"end":6067.801,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":6057.22,"end":6057.704},{"text":"Chair,","start":6058.01,"end":6058.236},{"text":"at","start":6058.268,"end":6058.301},{"text":"the","start":6058.301,"end":6058.413},{"text":"outset,","start":6058.446,"end":6058.914},{"text":"allow","start":6059.027,"end":6059.22},{"text":"me","start":6059.269,"end":6059.494},{"text":"to","start":6059.494,"end":6059.607},{"text":"commend","start":6059.656,"end":6059.978},{"text":"your","start":6059.978,"end":6060.156},{"text":"able","start":6060.156,"end":6060.382},{"text":"stewardship","start":6060.398,"end":6061.06},{"text":"in","start":6061.269,"end":6061.318},{"text":"the","start":6061.35,"end":6061.447},{"text":"Corpus","start":6061.447,"end":6061.931},{"text":"Legal","start":6061.931,"end":6062.108},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":6062.108,"end":6062.737},{"text":"and","start":6063.383,"end":6063.544},{"text":"emphasize","start":6063.544,"end":6063.996},{"text":"utmost","start":6064.173,"end":6064.787},{"text":"dedication","start":6064.787,"end":6065.464},{"text":"and","start":6065.464,"end":6065.545},{"text":"professionalism","start":6065.561,"end":6066.465},{"text":"of","start":6066.513,"end":6066.707},{"text":"our","start":6066.852,"end":6066.901},{"text":"UNUSA","start":6066.934,"end":6067.409},{"text":"colleagues.","start":6067.409,"end":6067.801}]},{"text":"I also would like to thank our friends from China.","start":6068.096,"end":6070.354,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6068.096,"end":6068.112},{"text":"also","start":6068.718,"end":6068.963},{"text":"would","start":6068.963,"end":6069.061},{"text":"like","start":6069.061,"end":6069.29},{"text":"to","start":6069.29,"end":6069.389},{"text":"thank","start":6069.389,"end":6069.781},{"text":"our","start":6069.781,"end":6069.847},{"text":"friends","start":6069.88,"end":6070.174},{"text":"from","start":6070.19,"end":6070.272},{"text":"China.","start":6070.272,"end":6070.354}]},{"text":"China for organizing our visit to China Space Day and International Conference on Space for Climate Change in Shanghai.","start":6070.45,"end":6077.755,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":6070.45,"end":6070.886},{"text":"for","start":6070.967,"end":6071.048},{"text":"organizing","start":6071.048,"end":6071.662},{"text":"our","start":6071.84,"end":6072.017},{"text":"visit","start":6072.017,"end":6072.405},{"text":"to","start":6072.405,"end":6072.502},{"text":"China","start":6072.502,"end":6072.809},{"text":"Space","start":6072.809,"end":6073.084},{"text":"Day","start":6073.084,"end":6073.375},{"text":"and","start":6073.876,"end":6073.941},{"text":"International","start":6074.038,"end":6074.49},{"text":"Conference","start":6074.587,"end":6075.202},{"text":"on","start":6075.315,"end":6075.379},{"text":"Space","start":6075.428,"end":6075.864},{"text":"for","start":6076.042,"end":6076.204},{"text":"Climate","start":6076.22,"end":6076.624},{"text":"Change","start":6076.624,"end":6077.044},{"text":"in","start":6077.27,"end":6077.351},{"text":"Shanghai.","start":6077.351,"end":6077.755}]},{"text":"Excellencies, dear colleagues, Kazakhstan, with its unique historical legacy in space exploration, particularly due to the presence of Baikonur Cosmodrome on its territory, from which the first artificial satellite of the Earth and the first human spaceflight were launched, recognizes its special responsibility to uphold the rule of law and promote sustainable development in outer space.","start":6079.618,"end":6102.064,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":6079.618,"end":6080.215},{"text":"dear","start":6080.247,"end":6080.425},{"text":"colleagues,","start":6080.473,"end":6080.861},{"text":"Kazakhstan,","start":6081.361,"end":6082.039},{"text":"with","start":6082.103,"end":6082.216},{"text":"its","start":6082.249,"end":6082.426},{"text":"unique","start":6082.426,"end":6082.83},{"text":"historical","start":6082.83,"end":6083.378},{"text":"legacy","start":6083.378,"end":6083.846},{"text":"in","start":6084.121,"end":6084.201},{"text":"space","start":6084.201,"end":6084.54},{"text":"exploration,","start":6084.54,"end":6085.154},{"text":"particularly","start":6085.81,"end":6086.296},{"text":"due","start":6086.409,"end":6086.506},{"text":"to","start":6086.571,"end":6086.668},{"text":"the","start":6086.668,"end":6086.814},{"text":"presence","start":6086.814,"end":6087.284},{"text":"of","start":6087.284,"end":6087.397},{"text":"Baikonur","start":6087.543,"end":6087.948},{"text":"Cosmodrome","start":6088.029,"end":6088.629},{"text":"on","start":6088.758,"end":6088.807},{"text":"its","start":6088.855,"end":6089.001},{"text":"territory,","start":6089.001,"end":6089.585},{"text":"from","start":6089.973,"end":6090.152},{"text":"which","start":6090.2,"end":6090.378},{"text":"the","start":6090.378,"end":6090.459},{"text":"first","start":6090.459,"end":6090.751},{"text":"artificial","start":6090.946,"end":6091.594},{"text":"satellite","start":6091.594,"end":6092.225},{"text":"of","start":6092.225,"end":6092.274},{"text":"the","start":6092.323,"end":6092.42},{"text":"Earth","start":6092.42,"end":6092.614},{"text":"and","start":6093.198,"end":6093.279},{"text":"the","start":6093.279,"end":6093.36},{"text":"first","start":6093.36,"end":6093.603},{"text":"human","start":6093.603,"end":6093.83},{"text":"spaceflight","start":6093.83,"end":6094.451},{"text":"were","start":6094.518,"end":6094.552},{"text":"launched,","start":6094.619,"end":6095.106},{"text":"recognizes","start":6095.442,"end":6095.93},{"text":"its","start":6096.102,"end":6096.31},{"text":"special","start":6096.31,"end":6096.614},{"text":"responsibility","start":6096.614,"end":6097.512},{"text":"to","start":6097.865,"end":6098.009},{"text":"uphold","start":6098.009,"end":6098.426},{"text":"the","start":6098.426,"end":6098.506},{"text":"rule","start":6098.506,"end":6098.618},{"text":"of","start":6098.666,"end":6098.826},{"text":"law","start":6098.826,"end":6098.939},{"text":"and","start":6099.612,"end":6099.772},{"text":"promote","start":6099.772,"end":6100.044},{"text":"sustainable","start":6100.044,"end":6100.67},{"text":"development","start":6100.67,"end":6101.343},{"text":"in","start":6101.375,"end":6101.423},{"text":"outer","start":6101.471,"end":6101.695},{"text":"space.","start":6101.695,"end":6102.064}]},{"text":"Since gaining independence, our country has consistently advocated for the use of outer space exclusively for peaceful purposes and has actively contributed to fostering a transparent and responsible model of international cooperation in this field.","start":6103.17,"end":6119.503,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":6103.17,"end":6103.587},{"text":"gaining","start":6103.635,"end":6103.923},{"text":"independence,","start":6103.955,"end":6104.677},{"text":"our","start":6105.077,"end":6105.238},{"text":"country","start":6105.238,"end":6105.686},{"text":"has","start":6105.879,"end":6106.087},{"text":"consistently","start":6106.279,"end":6107.049},{"text":"advocated","start":6107.225,"end":6107.85},{"text":"for","start":6107.882,"end":6108.026},{"text":"the","start":6108.026,"end":6108.107},{"text":"use","start":6108.123,"end":6108.299},{"text":"of","start":6108.427,"end":6108.571},{"text":"outer","start":6108.668,"end":6108.908},{"text":"space","start":6108.908,"end":6109.261},{"text":"exclusively","start":6109.725,"end":6110.335},{"text":"for","start":6110.527,"end":6110.719},{"text":"peaceful","start":6110.831,"end":6111.056},{"text":"purposes","start":6111.152,"end":6111.617},{"text":"and","start":6112.21,"end":6112.274},{"text":"has","start":6112.354,"end":6112.498},{"text":"actively","start":6112.675,"end":6113.059},{"text":"contributed","start":6113.171,"end":6113.797},{"text":"to","start":6113.797,"end":6113.893},{"text":"fostering","start":6113.893,"end":6114.422},{"text":"a","start":6114.854,"end":6114.935},{"text":"transparent","start":6114.935,"end":6115.672},{"text":"and","start":6115.816,"end":6115.88},{"text":"responsible","start":6115.96,"end":6116.618},{"text":"model","start":6116.618,"end":6116.89},{"text":"of","start":6117.082,"end":6117.259},{"text":"international","start":6117.259,"end":6117.884},{"text":"cooperation","start":6117.884,"end":6118.509},{"text":"in","start":6118.861,"end":6118.91},{"text":"this","start":6119.006,"end":6119.182},{"text":"field.","start":6119.182,"end":6119.503}]},{"text":"Since 1997, Kazakhstan has been a party to all 5 fundamental UN treaties governing the activities of states in outer space.","start":6120.801,"end":6129.5,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6162.844,"end":6163.004},{"text":"believe","start":6163.004,"end":6163.358},{"text":"that","start":6163.583,"end":6163.92},{"text":"this","start":6164.129,"end":6164.273},{"text":"strategic","start":6164.37,"end":6164.852},{"text":"document","start":6164.852,"end":6165.51},{"text":"is","start":6165.51,"end":6165.59},{"text":"an","start":6165.59,"end":6165.687},{"text":"important","start":6165.687,"end":6166.136},{"text":"guide","start":6166.153,"end":6166.554},{"text":"for","start":6166.554,"end":6166.747},{"text":"developing","start":6166.795,"end":6167.245},{"text":"a","start":6167.502,"end":6167.598},{"text":"balanced","start":6167.598,"end":6168.257},{"text":"and","start":6168.546,"end":6168.706},{"text":"equitable","start":6168.706,"end":6169.188},{"text":"approach","start":6169.188,"end":6169.654},{"text":"to","start":6169.767,"end":6169.927},{"text":"the","start":6169.927,"end":6170.007},{"text":"governance","start":6170.007,"end":6170.521},{"text":"of","start":6170.714,"end":6170.778},{"text":"space","start":6170.811,"end":6171.18},{"text":"resources","start":6171.292,"end":6171.742},{"text":"and","start":6171.935,"end":6171.999},{"text":"technologies.","start":6172.079,"end":6172.626}]},{"text":"Earlier, at the Scientific Technical Subcommittee of the COPOS, my country proposed an initiative to establish a regional center for space situational awareness based on Kazakhstan's observatories under the auspices of the United Nations.","start":6173.846,"end":6188.608,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. 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They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Monitoring","start":6189.845,"end":6190.343},{"text":"near-Earth","start":6190.343,"end":6190.744},{"text":"space","start":6190.744,"end":6191.162},{"text":"and","start":6191.435,"end":6191.531},{"text":"space","start":6191.531,"end":6191.933},{"text":"weather","start":6191.933,"end":6192.318},{"text":"is","start":6192.318,"end":6192.382},{"text":"a","start":6192.495,"end":6192.575},{"text":"pressing","start":6192.575,"end":6192.945},{"text":"global","start":6192.961,"end":6193.282},{"text":"challenge,","start":6193.282,"end":6193.667},{"text":"the","start":6194.262,"end":6194.326},{"text":"resolution","start":6194.326,"end":6194.84},{"text":"of","start":6194.904,"end":6195.033},{"text":"which","start":6195.065,"end":6195.274},{"text":"is","start":6196.013,"end":6196.077},{"text":"essential","start":6196.334,"end":6196.784},{"text":"for","start":6196.912,"end":6197.057},{"text":"preventing","start":6197.137,"end":6197.603},{"text":"a","start":6197.699,"end":6197.796},{"text":"wide","start":6197.796,"end":6198.069},{"text":"range","start":6198.101,"end":6198.358},{"text":"of","start":6198.358,"end":6198.438},{"text":"threats.","start":6198.438,"end":6198.92}]},{"text":"The collision of even small objects with a spacecraft in geostationary orbit can trigger a chain reaction or so-called Kessler effect.","start":6199.643,"end":6207.847,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6221.147,"end":6221.34},{"text":"Chairman,","start":6221.388,"end":6221.757},{"text":"we","start":6222.11,"end":6222.367},{"text":"commend","start":6222.591,"end":6222.928},{"text":"the","start":6222.992,"end":6223.056},{"text":"role","start":6223.056,"end":6223.217},{"text":"of","start":6223.377,"end":6223.49},{"text":"the","start":6223.538,"end":6223.698},{"text":"UNOSA","start":6223.698,"end":6224.131},{"text":"in","start":6224.982,"end":6225.046},{"text":"providing","start":6225.078,"end":6225.527},{"text":"its","start":6225.575,"end":6225.688},{"text":"members","start":6225.784,"end":6226.089},{"text":"with","start":6226.586,"end":6226.763},{"text":"timely","start":6226.827,"end":6227.212},{"text":"satellite","start":6227.34,"end":6227.886},{"text":"data","start":6227.886,"end":6228.367},{"text":"and","start":6228.592,"end":6228.656},{"text":"expertise","start":6228.752,"end":6229.298},{"text":"to","start":6229.554,"end":6229.667},{"text":"mitigate","start":6229.715,"end":6231.881},{"text":"the","start":6230.068,"end":6230.196},{"text":"consequences","start":6230.196,"end":6230.903},{"text":"of","start":6231.4,"end":6231.465},{"text":"natural","start":6231.561,"end":6232.059},{"text":"and","start":6232.059,"end":6232.219},{"text":"technological","start":6232.219,"end":6232.845},{"text":"disasters","start":6232.845,"end":6233.391},{"text":"within","start":6233.745,"end":6233.953},{"text":"the","start":6234.05,"end":6234.13},{"text":"UN","start":6234.13,"end":6234.387},{"text":"SPIDER","start":6234.387,"end":6234.772},{"text":"framework.","start":6234.772,"end":6235.254}]},{"text":"During the last session of the STSC in February, we expressed our readiness to host the UN SPIDER workshop for the countries of our region.","start":6235.993,"end":6244.069,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6256.126,"end":6256.319},{"text":"encourage","start":6256.383,"end":6256.928},{"text":"esteemed","start":6256.928,"end":6257.264},{"text":"colleagues","start":6257.264,"end":6257.633},{"text":"to","start":6257.905,"end":6258.033},{"text":"participate","start":6258.065,"end":6258.787},{"text":"in","start":6258.787,"end":6258.835},{"text":"this","start":6258.867,"end":6259.091},{"text":"workshop","start":6259.091,"end":6259.684},{"text":"and","start":6259.972,"end":6260.149},{"text":"warmly","start":6260.149,"end":6260.517},{"text":"invite","start":6260.549,"end":6260.966},{"text":"everyone","start":6261.014,"end":6261.431},{"text":"to","start":6261.431,"end":6261.575},{"text":"the","start":6261.575,"end":6261.655},{"text":"Space","start":6261.655,"end":6262.008},{"text":"Days","start":6262.008,"end":6262.28},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":6262.312,"end":6262.921},{"text":"2025.","start":6263.033,"end":6263.882}]},{"text":"In conclusion, I would like to reaffirm my country's commitment to actively contributing to the work of COPOS, strengthening international cooperation in the space domain, and collaborating with member states to advance international space law in an era of rapidly evolving technologies.","start":6264.62,"end":6282.538,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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our delegation deems it indispensable to ensure constant interaction with the scientific and technical subcommittee in order to develop internationally binding norms that can address emergency and critical situations such as the use of nuclear power sources in outer space, space debris, and the exploitation of space resources.","start":6440.347,"end":6464.366,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. 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Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":6554.18,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=6555","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chairperson, before proceeding with our substantive contributions, I would like to express on behalf of the Brazilian delegation our deepest condolence and regret for passing of Ambassador Andrzej Misztak of Poland, Chairman of the Working Group on space resources.","start":6554.18,"end":6572.952,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6554.18,"end":6554.357},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":6554.438,"end":6555.229},{"text":"before","start":6556.214,"end":6556.489},{"text":"proceeding","start":6556.553,"end":6557.054},{"text":"with","start":6557.199,"end":6557.377},{"text":"our","start":6557.587,"end":6557.781},{"text":"substantive","start":6557.781,"end":6558.54},{"text":"contributions,","start":6558.572,"end":6559.347},{"text":"I","start":6559.622,"end":6559.654},{"text":"would","start":6559.767,"end":6559.929},{"text":"like","start":6559.929,"end":6560.106},{"text":"to","start":6560.106,"end":6560.268},{"text":"express","start":6560.268,"end":6560.865},{"text":"on","start":6561.059,"end":6561.205},{"text":"behalf","start":6561.221,"end":6561.641},{"text":"of","start":6561.641,"end":6561.77},{"text":"the","start":6561.802,"end":6561.883},{"text":"Brazilian","start":6561.947,"end":6562.206},{"text":"delegation","start":6562.206,"end":6562.884},{"text":"our","start":6563.659,"end":6563.772},{"text":"deepest","start":6563.965,"end":6564.304},{"text":"condolence","start":6564.546,"end":6565.224},{"text":"and","start":6565.337,"end":6565.418},{"text":"regret","start":6565.418,"end":6565.934},{"text":"for","start":6565.999,"end":6566.16},{"text":"passing","start":6566.322,"end":6566.612},{"text":"of","start":6566.87,"end":6566.983},{"text":"Ambassador","start":6567.113,"end":6567.726},{"text":"Andrzej","start":6568,"end":6568.307},{"text":"Misztak","start":6568.484,"end":6569.146},{"text":"of","start":6569.146,"end":6569.275},{"text":"Poland,","start":6569.388,"end":6569.808},{"text":"Chairman","start":6570.421,"end":6570.808},{"text":"of","start":6570.986,"end":6571.05},{"text":"the","start":6571.099,"end":6571.228},{"text":"Working","start":6571.228,"end":6571.567},{"text":"Group","start":6571.567,"end":6571.809},{"text":"on","start":6571.809,"end":6572.003},{"text":"space","start":6572.23,"end":6572.502},{"text":"resources.","start":6572.502,"end":6572.952}]},{"text":"His contributions to the Legal Subcommittee and his dedication to the advancement of space law will be greatly missed.","start":6573.706,"end":6580.832,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"His","start":6573.706,"end":6573.834},{"text":"contributions","start":6573.931,"end":6574.637},{"text":"to","start":6574.669,"end":6574.814},{"text":"the","start":6574.814,"end":6574.974},{"text":"Legal","start":6574.974,"end":6575.231},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":6575.231,"end":6576.017},{"text":"and","start":6576.114,"end":6576.21},{"text":"his","start":6576.258,"end":6576.402},{"text":"dedication","start":6576.451,"end":6577.077},{"text":"to","start":6577.077,"end":6577.221},{"text":"the","start":6577.301,"end":6577.382},{"text":"advancement","start":6577.382,"end":6578.072},{"text":"of","start":6578.12,"end":6578.216},{"text":"space","start":6578.216,"end":6578.633},{"text":"law","start":6578.666,"end":6578.922},{"text":"will","start":6579.388,"end":6579.564},{"text":"be","start":6579.564,"end":6579.821},{"text":"greatly","start":6579.95,"end":6580.335},{"text":"missed.","start":6580.447,"end":6580.832}]},{"text":"We also extend our warmest congratulations to Ms. Takemichi Kō on her appointment as the Chief of the Committee Policy and Legal Affairs Section of UNOSA last year.","start":6581.876,"end":6594.844,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6581.876,"end":6582.084},{"text":"also","start":6582.116,"end":6582.598},{"text":"extend","start":6582.678,"end":6583.144},{"text":"our","start":6583.256,"end":6583.545},{"text":"warmest","start":6583.882,"end":6584.379},{"text":"congratulations","start":6584.379,"end":6585.15},{"text":"to","start":6585.182,"end":6585.262},{"text":"Ms.","start":6585.262,"end":6585.535},{"text":"Takemichi","start":6585.744,"end":6586.321},{"text":"Kō","start":6586.386,"end":6586.61},{"text":"on","start":6586.771,"end":6586.915},{"text":"her","start":6586.931,"end":6587.108},{"text":"appointment","start":6587.108,"end":6587.782},{"text":"as","start":6587.894,"end":6587.959},{"text":"the","start":6588.071,"end":6588.231},{"text":"Chief","start":6588.231,"end":6588.649},{"text":"of","start":6589.82,"end":6589.965},{"text":"the","start":6590.077,"end":6590.302},{"text":"Committee","start":6590.302,"end":6590.687},{"text":"Policy","start":6590.88,"end":6591.185},{"text":"and","start":6591.281,"end":6591.441},{"text":"Legal","start":6591.441,"end":6591.746},{"text":"Affairs","start":6591.746,"end":6592.131},{"text":"Section","start":6592.18,"end":6592.693},{"text":"of","start":6592.95,"end":6593.095},{"text":"UNOSA","start":6593.448,"end":6594.09},{"text":"last","start":6594.09,"end":6594.571},{"text":"year.","start":6594.571,"end":6594.844}]},{"text":"We look forward to working closely with her and her team.","start":6595.358,"end":6598.905,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6595.358,"end":6595.438},{"text":"look","start":6595.438,"end":6595.679},{"text":"forward","start":6595.679,"end":6596.16},{"text":"to","start":6596.16,"end":6596.304},{"text":"working","start":6596.321,"end":6596.674},{"text":"closely","start":6596.818,"end":6597.267},{"text":"with","start":6597.3,"end":6597.444},{"text":"her","start":6597.605,"end":6597.813},{"text":"and","start":6598.247,"end":6598.327},{"text":"her","start":6598.343,"end":6598.584},{"text":"team.","start":6598.584,"end":6598.905}]},{"text":"Ms. Chairperson, the international principles and rules governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, as developed by the United Nations, have helped promote collaboration and stave off conflict in outer space since the inception of the Space Age.","start":6599.242,"end":6620.469,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Ms.","start":6599.242,"end":6600.206},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":6600.27,"end":6601.041},{"text":"the","start":6601.554,"end":6601.619},{"text":"international","start":6601.619,"end":6602.197},{"text":"principles","start":6602.197,"end":6602.726},{"text":"and","start":6602.759,"end":6602.887},{"text":"rules","start":6602.919,"end":6603.128},{"text":"governing","start":6603.224,"end":6604.894},{"text":"the","start":6605.151,"end":6605.215},{"text":"activities","start":6605.231,"end":6605.777},{"text":"of","start":6606.05,"end":6606.13},{"text":"states","start":6606.13,"end":6606.725},{"text":"in","start":6606.757,"end":6606.821},{"text":"the","start":6607.094,"end":6607.271},{"text":"exploration","start":6607.319,"end":6608.089},{"text":"and","start":6608.122,"end":6608.25},{"text":"use","start":6608.362,"end":6608.587},{"text":"of","start":6608.683,"end":6608.828},{"text":"outer","start":6608.94,"end":6609.197},{"text":"space,","start":6609.197,"end":6609.615},{"text":"as","start":6610.369,"end":6610.418},{"text":"developed","start":6610.466,"end":6610.915},{"text":"by","start":6611.028,"end":6611.188},{"text":"the","start":6611.188,"end":6611.333},{"text":"United","start":6611.333,"end":6611.718},{"text":"Nations,","start":6611.718,"end":6612.248},{"text":"have","start":6612.393,"end":6612.633},{"text":"helped","start":6612.698,"end":6613.163},{"text":"promote","start":6613.276,"end":6613.822},{"text":"collaboration","start":6613.822,"end":6614.512},{"text":"and","start":6614.865,"end":6614.946},{"text":"stave","start":6614.978,"end":6615.411},{"text":"off","start":6615.588,"end":6615.845},{"text":"conflict","start":6615.845,"end":6616.567},{"text":"in","start":6616.632,"end":6616.728},{"text":"outer","start":6616.792,"end":6616.969},{"text":"space","start":6616.969,"end":6617.547},{"text":"since","start":6618.077,"end":6618.494},{"text":"the","start":6618.494,"end":6618.558},{"text":"inception","start":6618.558,"end":6619.265},{"text":"of","start":6619.441,"end":6619.586},{"text":"the","start":6619.634,"end":6619.714},{"text":"Space","start":6619.714,"end":6620.052},{"text":"Age.","start":6620.244,"end":6620.469}]},{"text":"The importance of a robust legal framework for space activities has been reinforced in the past 10 years with the ICT revolution, the surge in satellite numbers, and the growth of the space economy.","start":6621.545,"end":6634.755,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6621.545,"end":6621.593},{"text":"importance","start":6621.609,"end":6622.332},{"text":"of","start":6622.332,"end":6622.396},{"text":"a","start":6622.492,"end":6622.572},{"text":"robust","start":6622.589,"end":6623.086},{"text":"legal","start":6623.15,"end":6625.334},{"text":"framework","start":6623.472,"end":6624.114},{"text":"for","start":6624.114,"end":6624.29},{"text":"space","start":6624.354,"end":6624.74},{"text":"activities","start":6624.74,"end":6625.125},{"text":"has","start":6625.638,"end":6625.847},{"text":"been","start":6625.959,"end":6626.168},{"text":"reinforced","start":6626.28,"end":6627.083},{"text":"in","start":6627.243,"end":6627.291},{"text":"the","start":6627.324,"end":6627.484},{"text":"past","start":6627.484,"end":6627.805},{"text":"10","start":6627.805,"end":6628.014},{"text":"years","start":6628.19,"end":6628.383},{"text":"with","start":6629.089,"end":6629.298},{"text":"the","start":6629.394,"end":6629.555},{"text":"ICT","start":6629.635,"end":6630.052},{"text":"revolution,","start":6630.132,"end":6630.903},{"text":"the","start":6631.015,"end":6631.111},{"text":"surge","start":6631.111,"end":6631.481},{"text":"in","start":6631.481,"end":6631.529},{"text":"satellite","start":6631.593,"end":6632.219},{"text":"numbers,","start":6632.219,"end":6632.508},{"text":"and","start":6632.62,"end":6632.765},{"text":"the","start":6632.765,"end":6632.861},{"text":"growth","start":6632.861,"end":6633.166},{"text":"of","start":6633.583,"end":6633.711},{"text":"the","start":6633.76,"end":6633.84},{"text":"space","start":6633.84,"end":6634.177},{"text":"economy.","start":6634.289,"end":6634.755}]},{"text":"As the new space revolution is not slowing down, rather is accelerating, there is a renewed sense of responsibility for strictly observing those rules and principles, building upon with practical measures and eventually complementing them where necessary.","start":6636.135,"end":6654.535,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6636.135,"end":6636.199},{"text":"the","start":6636.328,"end":6636.408},{"text":"new","start":6636.408,"end":6636.568},{"text":"space","start":6636.649,"end":6637.098},{"text":"revolution","start":6637.098,"end":6637.724},{"text":"is","start":6637.917,"end":6637.965},{"text":"not","start":6638.061,"end":6638.222},{"text":"slowing","start":6638.222,"end":6638.607},{"text":"down,","start":6638.639,"end":6639.056},{"text":"rather","start":6639.265,"end":6639.506},{"text":"is","start":6639.746,"end":6639.81},{"text":"accelerating,","start":6639.923,"end":6640.774},{"text":"there","start":6641.046,"end":6641.223},{"text":"is","start":6641.223,"end":6641.383},{"text":"a","start":6641.383,"end":6641.496},{"text":"renewed","start":6641.528,"end":6642.041},{"text":"sense","start":6642.186,"end":6642.732},{"text":"of","start":6642.892,"end":6642.988},{"text":"responsibility","start":6643.117,"end":6643.903},{"text":"for","start":6644.176,"end":6644.305},{"text":"strictly","start":6644.353,"end":6644.963},{"text":"observing","start":6645.059,"end":6645.588},{"text":"those","start":6645.685,"end":6645.829},{"text":"rules","start":6646.006,"end":6646.279},{"text":"and","start":6646.503,"end":6646.568},{"text":"principles,","start":6646.728,"end":6647.242},{"text":"building","start":6648.108,"end":6648.477},{"text":"upon","start":6648.734,"end":6649.119},{"text":"with","start":6649.556,"end":6649.831},{"text":"practical","start":6649.879,"end":6650.494},{"text":"measures","start":6650.688,"end":6651.059},{"text":"and","start":6651.415,"end":6651.48},{"text":"eventually","start":6651.512,"end":6652.062},{"text":"complementing","start":6652.223,"end":6652.838},{"text":"them","start":6652.935,"end":6653.161},{"text":"where","start":6653.516,"end":6653.791},{"text":"necessary.","start":6653.84,"end":6654.535}]},{"text":"In order to uphold this principle, it's necessary to implement national laws applicable to both governmental and non-governmental actors.","start":6656.022,"end":6666.024,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6656.022,"end":6656.071},{"text":"order","start":6656.184,"end":6656.572},{"text":"to","start":6656.572,"end":6656.717},{"text":"uphold","start":6656.83,"end":6657.315},{"text":"this","start":6657.315,"end":6657.558},{"text":"principle,","start":6657.558,"end":6658.107},{"text":"it's","start":6658.204,"end":6658.334},{"text":"necessary","start":6658.431,"end":6658.932},{"text":"to","start":6658.932,"end":6658.98},{"text":"implement","start":6659.013,"end":6659.628},{"text":"national","start":6659.742,"end":6660.308},{"text":"laws","start":6660.308,"end":6660.6},{"text":"applicable","start":6660.956,"end":6661.523},{"text":"to","start":6661.523,"end":6661.733},{"text":"both","start":6661.847,"end":6662.251},{"text":"governmental","start":6662.478,"end":6664},{"text":"and","start":6664.097,"end":6664.162},{"text":"non-governmental","start":6664.259,"end":6665.069},{"text":"actors.","start":6665.15,"end":6666.024}]},{"text":"This serves the interests of both the space actors themselves and that of the general population.","start":6667.109,"end":6674.555,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6667.109,"end":6667.287},{"text":"serves","start":6667.32,"end":6667.693},{"text":"the","start":6669.055,"end":6669.104},{"text":"interests","start":6669.12,"end":6669.737},{"text":"of","start":6669.931,"end":6670.142},{"text":"both","start":6670.256,"end":6670.548},{"text":"the","start":6670.856,"end":6670.921},{"text":"space","start":6670.986,"end":6671.359},{"text":"actors","start":6671.635,"end":6672.024},{"text":"themselves","start":6672.121,"end":6672.754},{"text":"and","start":6673.176,"end":6673.338},{"text":"that","start":6673.338,"end":6673.598},{"text":"of","start":6673.598,"end":6673.727},{"text":"the","start":6673.776,"end":6673.987},{"text":"general","start":6673.987,"end":6674.36},{"text":"population.","start":6674.36,"end":6674.555}]},{"text":"Given the importance of space activities for everyday life, the complex nature of space activities, and the high risks involved.","start":6675.324,"end":6685.58,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":6675.324,"end":6675.453},{"text":"the","start":6675.485,"end":6675.726},{"text":"importance","start":6675.726,"end":6676.417},{"text":"of","start":6676.69,"end":6676.819},{"text":"space","start":6676.835,"end":6677.124},{"text":"activities","start":6677.237,"end":6677.832},{"text":"for","start":6678.201,"end":6678.33},{"text":"everyday","start":6678.539,"end":6679.005},{"text":"life,","start":6679.005,"end":6679.326},{"text":"the","start":6680.13,"end":6680.306},{"text":"complex","start":6680.306,"end":6680.805},{"text":"nature","start":6680.949,"end":6681.447},{"text":"of","start":6681.576,"end":6681.689},{"text":"space","start":6681.689,"end":6682.074},{"text":"activities,","start":6682.074,"end":6682.685},{"text":"and","start":6683.263,"end":6683.408},{"text":"the","start":6683.521,"end":6683.73},{"text":"high","start":6683.73,"end":6683.874},{"text":"risks","start":6684.244,"end":6684.824},{"text":"involved.","start":6684.968,"end":6685.58}]},{"text":"In 2024, Brazil has passed Federal Law 14.946, the Law on Space Activities, which consolidates and complements in a single single legal document, Brazil's legal framework on space affairs in accordance with international law.","start":6686.899,"end":6709.365,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6686.899,"end":6686.996},{"text":"2024,","start":6687.462,"end":6688.782},{"text":"Brazil","start":6689.216,"end":6689.506},{"text":"has","start":6689.618,"end":6689.683},{"text":"passed","start":6689.876,"end":6690.005},{"text":"Federal","start":6690.182,"end":6690.632},{"text":"Law","start":6690.745,"end":6690.793},{"text":"14.946,","start":6690.793,"end":6692.611},{"text":"the","start":6695.11,"end":6695.386},{"text":"Law","start":6695.386,"end":6695.581},{"text":"on","start":6695.63,"end":6695.776},{"text":"Space","start":6695.776,"end":6696.069},{"text":"Activities,","start":6696.183,"end":6696.735},{"text":"which","start":6697.499,"end":6697.711},{"text":"consolidates","start":6697.808,"end":6698.735},{"text":"and","start":6698.8,"end":6699.011},{"text":"complements","start":6699.028,"end":6699.629},{"text":"in","start":6699.629,"end":6699.662},{"text":"a","start":6699.711,"end":6699.759},{"text":"single","start":6699.759,"end":6702.052},{"text":"single","start":6700.18,"end":6700.455},{"text":"legal","start":6700.455,"end":6701.184},{"text":"document,","start":6701.184,"end":6701.621},{"text":"Brazil's","start":6702.626,"end":6703.144},{"text":"legal","start":6703.533,"end":6703.841},{"text":"framework","start":6703.841,"end":6704.57},{"text":"on","start":6705.137,"end":6705.186},{"text":"space","start":6705.235,"end":6705.64},{"text":"affairs","start":6705.64,"end":6706.093},{"text":"in","start":6706.514,"end":6706.612},{"text":"accordance","start":6706.612,"end":6707.13},{"text":"with","start":6707.827,"end":6708.118},{"text":"international","start":6708.394,"end":6709.236},{"text":"law.","start":6709.268,"end":6709.365}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairperson, taking into account the interlinkage between space activities and climate action, I take this opportunity to remind the delegations of the upcoming TIRF Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, COP30, which will be held in Belém, Brazil.","start":6711.21,"end":6737.455,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6711.21,"end":6711.486},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":6711.55,"end":6712.36},{"text":"taking","start":6712.667,"end":6713.024},{"text":"into","start":6713.153,"end":6713.38},{"text":"account","start":6713.412,"end":6713.962},{"text":"the","start":6713.962,"end":6713.995},{"text":"interlinkage","start":6713.995,"end":6715.209},{"text":"between","start":6715.556,"end":6715.977},{"text":"space","start":6715.977,"end":6716.446},{"text":"activities","start":6716.446,"end":6716.997},{"text":"and","start":6717.418,"end":6717.564},{"text":"climate","start":6717.596,"end":6718.163},{"text":"action,","start":6718.309,"end":6718.778},{"text":"I","start":6719.458,"end":6719.491},{"text":"take","start":6719.62,"end":6719.928},{"text":"this","start":6719.944,"end":6720.074},{"text":"opportunity","start":6720.122,"end":6720.965},{"text":"to","start":6720.997,"end":6721.078},{"text":"remind","start":6721.078,"end":6721.629},{"text":"the","start":6721.629,"end":6721.709},{"text":"delegations","start":6721.709,"end":6722.471},{"text":"of","start":6723.41,"end":6723.556},{"text":"the","start":6723.669,"end":6723.896},{"text":"upcoming","start":6723.896,"end":6724.46},{"text":"TIRF","start":6725.139,"end":6725.504},{"text":"Conference","start":6725.719,"end":6726.531},{"text":"of","start":6726.476,"end":6726.653},{"text":"the","start":6726.653,"end":6726.797},{"text":"Parties","start":6726.797,"end":6727.182},{"text":"to","start":6727.76,"end":6727.921},{"text":"the","start":6727.921,"end":6728.081},{"text":"United","start":6728.081,"end":6728.659},{"text":"Nations","start":6728.659,"end":6729.028},{"text":"Framework","start":6729.125,"end":6729.702},{"text":"Convention","start":6729.702,"end":6730.376},{"text":"on","start":6730.569,"end":6730.633},{"text":"Climate","start":6730.665,"end":6731.034},{"text":"Change,","start":6731.131,"end":6731.516},{"text":"COP30,","start":6732.014,"end":6732.672},{"text":"which","start":6733.554,"end":6734.084},{"text":"will","start":6734.357,"end":6734.951},{"text":"be","start":6735.48,"end":6735.625},{"text":"held","start":6735.625,"end":6736.042},{"text":"in","start":6736.042,"end":6736.347},{"text":"Belém,","start":6736.347,"end":6736.764},{"text":"Brazil.","start":6736.925,"end":6737.455}]},{"text":"Additionally, we are pleased to invite all delegations to attend the SpaceBR Show, the largest space fair in Latin America, which will take place in early June in São Paulo, Brazil.","start":6738.594,"end":6752.221,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":6738.594,"end":6739.3},{"text":"we","start":6739.894,"end":6739.99},{"text":"are","start":6740.055,"end":6740.247},{"text":"pleased","start":6740.279,"end":6740.568},{"text":"to","start":6740.681,"end":6740.761},{"text":"invite","start":6740.761,"end":6741.323},{"text":"all","start":6741.403,"end":6741.451},{"text":"delegations","start":6741.515,"end":6742.189},{"text":"to","start":6742.302,"end":6742.446},{"text":"attend","start":6742.446,"end":6743.04},{"text":"the","start":6743.184,"end":6743.425},{"text":"SpaceBR","start":6743.441,"end":6744.228},{"text":"Show,","start":6744.228,"end":6744.629},{"text":"the","start":6745.126,"end":6745.335},{"text":"largest","start":6745.335,"end":6745.833},{"text":"space","start":6745.833,"end":6746.186},{"text":"fair","start":6746.378,"end":6746.571},{"text":"in","start":6746.571,"end":6746.94},{"text":"Latin","start":6746.956,"end":6747.293},{"text":"America,","start":6747.293,"end":6747.919},{"text":"which","start":6748.561,"end":6748.69},{"text":"will","start":6748.722,"end":6749.01},{"text":"take","start":6749.027,"end":6749.348},{"text":"place","start":6749.348,"end":6749.636},{"text":"in","start":6749.99,"end":6750.102},{"text":"early","start":6750.15,"end":6750.535},{"text":"June","start":6750.551,"end":6751.017},{"text":"in","start":6751.274,"end":6751.306},{"text":"São","start":6751.306,"end":6751.466},{"text":"Paulo,","start":6751.611,"end":6751.867},{"text":"Brazil.","start":6751.9,"end":6752.221}]},{"text":"This event will provide a valuable platform for networking, knowledge sharing, and exploring the latest developments in the space sector.","start":6753.682,"end":6763.99,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6753.682,"end":6753.874},{"text":"event","start":6754.324,"end":6754.902},{"text":"will","start":6754.982,"end":6755.175},{"text":"provide","start":6755.223,"end":6755.769},{"text":"a","start":6755.769,"end":6755.785},{"text":"valuable","start":6756.01,"end":6756.395},{"text":"platform","start":6756.411,"end":6757.15},{"text":"for","start":6757.15,"end":6757.343},{"text":"networking,","start":6757.471,"end":6758.161},{"text":"knowledge","start":6758.434,"end":6758.804},{"text":"sharing,","start":6758.836,"end":6759.205},{"text":"and","start":6759.863,"end":6759.944},{"text":"exploring","start":6759.944,"end":6760.49},{"text":"the","start":6760.522,"end":6760.618},{"text":"latest","start":6761.244,"end":6761.87},{"text":"developments","start":6761.87,"end":6762.769},{"text":"in","start":6762.994,"end":6763.091},{"text":"the","start":6763.091,"end":6763.171},{"text":"space","start":6763.171,"end":6763.508},{"text":"sector.","start":6763.508,"end":6763.99}]},{"text":"We believe that participation in this event will foster international cooperation and strengthen our collective efforts in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space.","start":6765.017,"end":6778.53,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6765.017,"end":6765.178},{"text":"believe","start":6765.178,"end":6765.547},{"text":"that","start":6765.66,"end":6765.949},{"text":"participation","start":6766.061,"end":6766.912},{"text":"in","start":6767.169,"end":6767.265},{"text":"this","start":6767.265,"end":6767.458},{"text":"event","start":6767.667,"end":6768.196},{"text":"will","start":6768.774,"end":6768.919},{"text":"foster","start":6768.951,"end":6769.625},{"text":"international","start":6769.914,"end":6770.653},{"text":"cooperation","start":6770.701,"end":6771.408},{"text":"and","start":6771.745,"end":6771.857},{"text":"strengthen","start":6771.857,"end":6772.499},{"text":"our","start":6772.949,"end":6773.222},{"text":"collective","start":6773.27,"end":6773.896},{"text":"efforts","start":6774.073,"end":6774.731},{"text":"in","start":6774.908,"end":6775.02},{"text":"the","start":6775.036,"end":6775.213},{"text":"peaceful","start":6775.213,"end":6775.679},{"text":"exploration","start":6775.775,"end":6776.513},{"text":"and","start":6776.819,"end":6776.947},{"text":"use","start":6776.979,"end":6777.397},{"text":"of","start":6777.525,"end":6777.67},{"text":"outer","start":6777.767,"end":6777.962},{"text":"space.","start":6777.962,"end":6778.53}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr.","start":6779.083,"end":6779.586,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6779.083,"end":6779.31},{"text":"you,","start":6779.31,"end":6779.375},{"text":"Mr.","start":6779.391,"end":6779.586}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":6779.651,"end":6779.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":6779.651,"end":6779.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BRA","affiliation_full":"Brazil","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":6783.65,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=6784","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the distinguished representative of Brazil for your statement.","start":6783.65,"end":6787.484,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6783.65,"end":6783.73},{"text":"you","start":6783.73,"end":6783.763},{"text":"very","start":6783.763,"end":6784.005},{"text":"much","start":6784.005,"end":6784.216},{"text":"to","start":6784.394,"end":6784.556},{"text":"the","start":6784.556,"end":6784.653},{"text":"distinguished","start":6784.653,"end":6785.17},{"text":"representative","start":6785.203,"end":6785.834},{"text":"of","start":6785.947,"end":6786.077},{"text":"Brazil","start":6786.109,"end":6786.481},{"text":"for","start":6786.594,"end":6786.837},{"text":"your","start":6786.837,"end":6786.918},{"text":"statement.","start":6786.918,"end":6787.484}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Ghana.","start":6787.97,"end":6793.644,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6787.97,"end":6788.018},{"text":"following","start":6788.034,"end":6788.423},{"text":"speaker","start":6788.455,"end":6789.005},{"text":"on","start":6789.086,"end":6789.183},{"text":"my","start":6789.183,"end":6789.264},{"text":"list","start":6789.329,"end":6791.206},{"text":"is","start":6791.206,"end":6791.335},{"text":"the","start":6791.367,"end":6791.448},{"text":"distinguished","start":6791.448,"end":6791.998},{"text":"representative","start":6791.998,"end":6792.973},{"text":"of","start":6792.973,"end":6793.121},{"text":"Ghana.","start":6793.153,"end":6793.644}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6793.972,"end":6794.627,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6793.972,"end":6794.136},{"text":"have","start":6794.136,"end":6794.267},{"text":"the","start":6794.299,"end":6794.381},{"text":"floor.","start":6794.381,"end":6794.627}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":6797.35,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=6798","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6797.35,"end":6797.528,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6797.35,"end":6797.528}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, it is an honor for Ghana to address this esteemed subcommittee Ghana expresses its appreciation to the chair of the Legal Subcommittee for the able guidance of the session and to the director of UNOSA and her team for their continued dedication and support to member states.","start":6797.61,"end":6816.612,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6797.61,"end":6797.967},{"text":"distinguished","start":6798.276,"end":6798.845},{"text":"delegates,","start":6798.845,"end":6799.397},{"text":"it","start":6800.226,"end":6800.308},{"text":"is","start":6800.308,"end":6800.438},{"text":"an","start":6800.535,"end":6800.681},{"text":"honor","start":6800.698,"end":6800.958},{"text":"for","start":6800.958,"end":6801.104},{"text":"Ghana","start":6801.104,"end":6801.364},{"text":"to","start":6801.364,"end":6801.543},{"text":"address","start":6801.543,"end":6801.998},{"text":"this","start":6801.998,"end":6802.177},{"text":"esteemed","start":6802.177,"end":6802.583},{"text":"subcommittee","start":6802.583,"end":6803.347},{"text":"Ghana","start":6804.174,"end":6804.414},{"text":"expresses","start":6804.414,"end":6805.024},{"text":"its","start":6805.12,"end":6805.281},{"text":"appreciation","start":6805.281,"end":6805.939},{"text":"to","start":6805.939,"end":6806.035},{"text":"the","start":6806.099,"end":6806.18},{"text":"chair","start":6806.18,"end":6806.501},{"text":"of","start":6806.501,"end":6806.613},{"text":"the","start":6806.661,"end":6806.757},{"text":"Legal","start":6806.757,"end":6807.046},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":6807.062,"end":6807.865},{"text":"for","start":6808.491,"end":6808.587},{"text":"the","start":6808.587,"end":6808.748},{"text":"able","start":6808.748,"end":6808.94},{"text":"guidance","start":6808.988,"end":6809.566},{"text":"of","start":6809.63,"end":6809.807},{"text":"the","start":6809.807,"end":6809.887},{"text":"session","start":6809.887,"end":6810.369},{"text":"and","start":6810.898,"end":6810.994},{"text":"to","start":6810.994,"end":6811.091},{"text":"the","start":6811.139,"end":6811.235},{"text":"director","start":6811.235,"end":6811.701},{"text":"of","start":6811.701,"end":6811.845},{"text":"UNOSA","start":6811.877,"end":6812.262},{"text":"and","start":6812.262,"end":6812.423},{"text":"her","start":6812.423,"end":6812.471},{"text":"team","start":6812.519,"end":6812.888},{"text":"for","start":6813.305,"end":6813.466},{"text":"their","start":6813.466,"end":6813.707},{"text":"continued","start":6813.707,"end":6814.397},{"text":"dedication","start":6814.445,"end":6815.087},{"text":"and","start":6815.087,"end":6815.183},{"text":"support","start":6815.183,"end":6815.713},{"text":"to","start":6815.713,"end":6815.777},{"text":"member","start":6815.809,"end":6816.066},{"text":"states.","start":6816.066,"end":6816.612}]},{"text":"Ghana aligns itself with the statements delivered by the Africa Group and the Group of G77 and China.","start":6817.575,"end":6824.235,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ghana","start":6817.575,"end":6817.863},{"text":"aligns","start":6817.879,"end":6818.265},{"text":"itself","start":6818.361,"end":6818.762},{"text":"with","start":6818.762,"end":6818.923},{"text":"the","start":6818.923,"end":6818.955},{"text":"statements","start":6818.955,"end":6819.757},{"text":"delivered","start":6820.062,"end":6820.592},{"text":"by","start":6820.624,"end":6820.849},{"text":"the","start":6820.849,"end":6820.993},{"text":"Africa","start":6821.009,"end":6821.41},{"text":"Group","start":6821.41,"end":6821.828},{"text":"and","start":6821.972,"end":6822.068},{"text":"the","start":6822.068,"end":6822.229},{"text":"Group","start":6822.229,"end":6822.486},{"text":"of","start":6822.486,"end":6822.598},{"text":"G77","start":6822.63,"end":6823.481},{"text":"and","start":6823.577,"end":6823.737},{"text":"China.","start":6823.737,"end":6824.235}]},{"text":"I, however, make these statements in my national capacity.","start":6824.861,"end":6827.702,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I,","start":6824.861,"end":6824.877},{"text":"however,","start":6824.941,"end":6825.262},{"text":"make","start":6825.278,"end":6825.503},{"text":"these","start":6825.519,"end":6825.615},{"text":"statements","start":6825.615,"end":6826.418},{"text":"in","start":6826.626,"end":6826.69},{"text":"my","start":6826.723,"end":6826.819},{"text":"national","start":6826.819,"end":6827.188},{"text":"capacity.","start":6827.188,"end":6827.702}]},{"text":"We wish to underscore our commitment to the peaceful exploration and utilization of outer space, undertaken in a manner that is inclusive, equitable, and in harmony with international law.","start":6828.809,"end":6840.673,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6828.809,"end":6828.953},{"text":"wish","start":6828.969,"end":6829.082},{"text":"to","start":6829.13,"end":6829.226},{"text":"underscore","start":6829.371,"end":6831.537},{"text":"our","start":6829.788,"end":6829.932},{"text":"commitment","start":6829.932,"end":6830.718},{"text":"to","start":6830.718,"end":6830.75},{"text":"the","start":6830.814,"end":6830.894},{"text":"peaceful","start":6830.974,"end":6831.455},{"text":"exploration","start":6831.471,"end":6832.289},{"text":"and","start":6832.321,"end":6832.449},{"text":"utilization","start":6832.481,"end":6833.283},{"text":"of","start":6833.283,"end":6833.379},{"text":"outer","start":6833.379,"end":6833.635},{"text":"space,","start":6833.635,"end":6833.988},{"text":"undertaken","start":6834.822,"end":6835.431},{"text":"in","start":6835.687,"end":6835.848},{"text":"a","start":6835.848,"end":6835.864},{"text":"manner","start":6835.864,"end":6836.361},{"text":"that","start":6836.585,"end":6836.729},{"text":"is","start":6836.729,"end":6836.777},{"text":"inclusive,","start":6836.825,"end":6837.483},{"text":"equitable,","start":6837.868,"end":6838.316},{"text":"and","start":6838.573,"end":6838.797},{"text":"in","start":6838.91,"end":6839.038},{"text":"harmony","start":6839.23,"end":6839.679},{"text":"with","start":6839.711,"end":6839.936},{"text":"international","start":6839.936,"end":6840.593},{"text":"law.","start":6840.593,"end":6840.673}]},{"text":"Ghana's efforts in space science and technology are spearheaded by the Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute.","start":6842.036,"end":6849.073,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ghana's","start":6842.036,"end":6842.452},{"text":"efforts","start":6842.452,"end":6842.789},{"text":"in","start":6842.853,"end":6842.981},{"text":"space","start":6842.981,"end":6843.27},{"text":"science","start":6843.318,"end":6843.703},{"text":"and","start":6843.703,"end":6843.799},{"text":"technology","start":6843.799,"end":6844.376},{"text":"are","start":6844.985,"end":6845.017},{"text":"spearheaded","start":6845.017,"end":6845.931},{"text":"by","start":6845.963,"end":6846.204},{"text":"the","start":6846.669,"end":6846.749},{"text":"Ghana","start":6846.765,"end":6847.021},{"text":"Space","start":6847.021,"end":6847.326},{"text":"Science","start":6847.326,"end":6847.711},{"text":"and","start":6847.711,"end":6847.775},{"text":"Technology","start":6847.823,"end":6848.416},{"text":"Institute.","start":6848.448,"end":6849.073}]},{"text":"Over the past year, the GSSTI has expanded its research and training programs focusing on Earth observations, satellite communications, and space weather to support national development needs.","start":6849.65,"end":6864.221,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":6849.65,"end":6849.811},{"text":"the","start":6849.811,"end":6849.971},{"text":"past","start":6849.971,"end":6850.34},{"text":"year,","start":6850.372,"end":6850.709},{"text":"the","start":6851.238,"end":6851.334},{"text":"GSSTI","start":6851.334,"end":6852.248},{"text":"has","start":6852.36,"end":6852.616},{"text":"expanded","start":6852.616,"end":6853.258},{"text":"its","start":6853.258,"end":6853.418},{"text":"research","start":6853.418,"end":6853.899},{"text":"and","start":6854.284,"end":6854.412},{"text":"training","start":6854.444,"end":6854.829},{"text":"programs","start":6854.845,"end":6855.31},{"text":"focusing","start":6855.727,"end":6856.273},{"text":"on","start":6856.289,"end":6856.353},{"text":"Earth","start":6856.53,"end":6856.674},{"text":"observations,","start":6856.771,"end":6857.477},{"text":"satellite","start":6858.248,"end":6859.195},{"text":"communications,","start":6859.195,"end":6860.046},{"text":"and","start":6860.383,"end":6860.448},{"text":"space","start":6860.48,"end":6860.881},{"text":"weather","start":6860.881,"end":6861.283},{"text":"to","start":6861.7,"end":6861.796},{"text":"support","start":6861.828,"end":6862.278},{"text":"national","start":6862.407,"end":6862.985},{"text":"development","start":6863.065,"end":6863.803},{"text":"needs.","start":6863.868,"end":6864.221}]},{"text":"Building on the successful deployment of our first satellite, GhanaSat-1, we are now exploring the feasibility of additional small satellite missions aimed at enhancing agricultural monitoring, disaster preparedness, and environmental surveillance.","start":6865.522,"end":6880.181,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6955.824,"end":6956.017},{"text":"Chairman,","start":6956.065,"end":6956.451},{"text":"to","start":6957.19,"end":6957.286},{"text":"sustain","start":6957.286,"end":6957.72},{"text":"our","start":6957.768,"end":6957.848},{"text":"national","start":6957.848,"end":6958.233},{"text":"programs","start":6958.233,"end":6958.78},{"text":"Ghana","start":6959.358,"end":6959.614},{"text":"places","start":6959.614,"end":6959.984},{"text":"education","start":6960.096,"end":6960.787},{"text":"and","start":6960.963,"end":6961.108},{"text":"public","start":6961.14,"end":6961.461},{"text":"outreach","start":6961.541,"end":6962.151},{"text":"at","start":6962.328,"end":6962.392},{"text":"the","start":6962.408,"end":6962.473},{"text":"forefront,","start":6962.489,"end":6963.147},{"text":"partnering","start":6963.693,"end":6964.158},{"text":"with","start":6964.191,"end":6964.351},{"text":"universities","start":6964.351,"end":6965.042},{"text":"and","start":6965.218,"end":6965.379},{"text":"research","start":6965.379,"end":6965.716},{"text":"institutions","start":6965.78,"end":6966.455},{"text":"to","start":6966.84,"end":6967.049},{"text":"train","start":6967.065,"end":6967.225},{"text":"the","start":6967.322,"end":6967.402},{"text":"next","start":6967.402,"end":6967.723},{"text":"generation","start":6967.723,"end":6968.413},{"text":"of","start":6968.446,"end":6968.59},{"text":"scientists,","start":6968.59,"end":6969.345},{"text":"engineers,","start":6969.875,"end":6970.421},{"text":"and","start":6970.758,"end":6970.934},{"text":"legal","start":6970.934,"end":6971.272},{"text":"experts","start":6971.336,"end":6971.914},{"text":"in","start":6971.914,"end":6972.042},{"text":"the","start":6972.042,"end":6972.074},{"text":"space","start":6972.074,"end":6972.46},{"text":"domain.","start":6972.46,"end":6972.829}]},{"text":"We acknowledge the valuable role played by UNOSA's capacity-building initiatives and encourage further support from advanced spacefaring nations so that all member states can fully participate in the global space economy and contribute to cutting-edge innovation.","start":6974.13,"end":6989.849,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Ghana","start":6991.246,"end":6991.551},{"text":"remains","start":6991.551,"end":6991.936},{"text":"committed","start":6991.969,"end":6992.402},{"text":"to","start":6992.402,"end":6992.611},{"text":"inclusive","start":6992.611,"end":6993.237},{"text":"capacity","start":6993.237,"end":6993.735},{"text":"building,","start":6993.735,"end":6994.104},{"text":"particularly","start":6994.602,"end":6995.148},{"text":"in","start":6995.26,"end":6995.308},{"text":"youth","start":6995.421,"end":6995.678},{"text":"education","start":6995.726,"end":6996.432},{"text":"and","start":6996.529,"end":6996.769},{"text":"awareness.","start":6996.769,"end":6997.235}]},{"text":"As part of Ghana's ongoing efforts to leverage space science for sustainable development, we are pleased to highlight our participation in the Common Space Initiative, jointly led by UNOSA the Commonwealth, and the Commonwealth Secretariat.","start":6998.15,"end":7012.368,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6998.15,"end":6998.198},{"text":"part","start":6998.375,"end":6998.696},{"text":"of","start":6998.696,"end":6998.841},{"text":"Ghana's","start":6998.873,"end":6999.258},{"text":"ongoing","start":6999.338,"end":6999.724},{"text":"efforts","start":6999.836,"end":7000.43},{"text":"to","start":7000.735,"end":7000.896},{"text":"leverage","start":7000.944,"end":7001.233},{"text":"space","start":7001.233,"end":7001.49},{"text":"science","start":7001.522,"end":7001.924},{"text":"for","start":7001.924,"end":7002.036},{"text":"sustainable","start":7002.036,"end":7002.662},{"text":"development,","start":7002.726,"end":7003.545},{"text":"we","start":7003.995,"end":7004.091},{"text":"are","start":7004.091,"end":7004.236},{"text":"pleased","start":7004.236,"end":7004.461},{"text":"to","start":7004.477,"end":7004.525},{"text":"highlight","start":7004.573,"end":7004.974},{"text":"our","start":7004.974,"end":7005.103},{"text":"participation","start":7005.135,"end":7005.665},{"text":"in","start":7005.697,"end":7005.825},{"text":"the","start":7005.938,"end":7006.082},{"text":"Common","start":7006.082,"end":7006.339},{"text":"Space","start":7006.339,"end":7006.741},{"text":"Initiative,","start":7006.741,"end":7007.479},{"text":"jointly","start":7008.025,"end":7008.475},{"text":"led","start":7008.491,"end":7008.699},{"text":"by","start":7008.748,"end":7008.908},{"text":"UNOSA","start":7008.989,"end":7009.39},{"text":"the","start":7010.033,"end":7010.178},{"text":"Commonwealth,","start":7010.178,"end":7010.645},{"text":"and","start":7010.999,"end":7011.064},{"text":"the","start":7011.144,"end":7011.241},{"text":"Commonwealth","start":7011.241,"end":7011.659},{"text":"Secretariat.","start":7011.659,"end":7012.368}]},{"text":"This initiative recognizes Ghana as the first demonstration country for the application of space-based technologies in climate resilience.","start":7013.012,"end":7022.313,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7013.012,"end":7013.141},{"text":"initiative","start":7013.254,"end":7013.818},{"text":"recognizes","start":7013.818,"end":7014.43},{"text":"Ghana","start":7014.462,"end":7014.881},{"text":"as","start":7015.364,"end":7015.477},{"text":"the","start":7015.493,"end":7015.589},{"text":"first","start":7015.589,"end":7015.976},{"text":"demonstration","start":7015.976,"end":7016.604},{"text":"country","start":7016.636,"end":7017.055},{"text":"for","start":7017.683,"end":7017.989},{"text":"the","start":7017.989,"end":7018.07},{"text":"application","start":7018.086,"end":7018.827},{"text":"of","start":7018.827,"end":7018.939},{"text":"space-based","start":7018.94,"end":7019.45},{"text":"technologies","start":7019.45,"end":7020.174},{"text":"in","start":7020.453,"end":7020.503},{"text":"climate","start":7020.536,"end":7021.227},{"text":"resilience.","start":7021.753,"end":7022.313}]},{"text":"Ghana continues to work closely with fellow African nations in developing a coherent approach to space governance, technology sharing, and the development of regional assets such as the Africa Space Agency.","start":7024.139,"end":7037.239,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7049.021,"end":7049.102},{"text":"line","start":7049.182,"end":7049.358},{"text":"with","start":7049.358,"end":7049.615},{"text":"Africa","start":7049.663,"end":7049.999},{"text":"Group's","start":7049.999,"end":7050.304},{"text":"position","start":7050.304,"end":7050.769},{"text":"and","start":7050.881,"end":7051.009},{"text":"that","start":7051.041,"end":7051.266},{"text":"of","start":7051.266,"end":7051.41},{"text":"G77","start":7051.747,"end":7052.612},{"text":"and","start":7052.725,"end":7052.885},{"text":"China's","start":7052.885,"end":7053.254},{"text":"statement,","start":7053.286,"end":7053.815},{"text":"Ghana","start":7054.488,"end":7054.809},{"text":"underscores","start":7054.809,"end":7055.418},{"text":"the","start":7056.011,"end":7056.091},{"text":"need","start":7056.091,"end":7056.54},{"text":"to","start":7056.668,"end":7056.893},{"text":"ensure","start":7056.893,"end":7057.326},{"text":"the","start":7057.438,"end":7057.63},{"text":"international","start":7057.694,"end":7059.41},{"text":"cooperation","start":7059.41,"end":7060.324},{"text":"in","start":7060.324,"end":7060.436},{"text":"outer","start":7060.564,"end":7060.74},{"text":"space","start":7060.74,"end":7061.061},{"text":"governance","start":7061.061,"end":7063.193},{"text":"actively","start":7062.087,"end":7062.521},{"text":"supports","start":7062.521,"end":7063.034},{"text":"the","start":7063.034,"end":7063.066},{"text":"Sustainable","start":7063.066,"end":7063.74},{"text":"Development","start":7063.772,"end":7064.334},{"text":"Goals,","start":7064.334,"end":7064.638},{"text":"particularly","start":7065.152,"end":7065.842},{"text":"those","start":7065.874,"end":7066.082},{"text":"related","start":7066.178,"end":7066.676},{"text":"to","start":7066.676,"end":7066.772},{"text":"climate","start":7066.82,"end":7067.366},{"text":"action,","start":7067.622,"end":7067.959},{"text":"education,","start":7068.585,"end":7069.339},{"text":"and","start":7069.628,"end":7069.884},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":7069.884,"end":7070.59}]},{"text":"At the international level, Ghana reaffirms the principle that outer space is the province of all humankind.","start":7071.569,"end":7077.713,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. 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They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7078.291,"end":7078.371},{"text":"welcome","start":7078.451,"end":7078.82},{"text":"continued","start":7078.869,"end":7079.494},{"text":"dialogue","start":7079.494,"end":7079.895},{"text":"at","start":7079.895,"end":7080.056},{"text":"COPUS","start":7080.056,"end":7080.633},{"text":"at","start":7080.633,"end":7080.713},{"text":"addressing","start":7080.713,"end":7081.195},{"text":"emerging","start":7081.195,"end":7081.612},{"text":"issues,","start":7081.612,"end":7082.045},{"text":"including","start":7082.558,"end":7083.088},{"text":"on-orbit","start":7083.104,"end":7083.521},{"text":"servicing,","start":7083.521,"end":7084.131},{"text":"satellite","start":7084.724,"end":7085.254},{"text":"megaconstellations,","start":7085.286,"end":7086.393},{"text":"and","start":7086.409,"end":7086.489},{"text":"space","start":7086.489,"end":7086.794},{"text":"traffic","start":7086.794,"end":7087.115},{"text":"coordination.","start":7087.115,"end":7087.355}]},{"text":"nation in a manner that respects the sovereign interests of all nations.","start":7087.42,"end":7091.838,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"nation","start":7087.42,"end":7087.869},{"text":"in","start":7088.319,"end":7088.384},{"text":"a","start":7088.416,"end":7088.432},{"text":"manner","start":7088.432,"end":7088.898},{"text":"that","start":7088.898,"end":7088.994},{"text":"respects","start":7088.994,"end":7089.605},{"text":"the","start":7089.605,"end":7089.685},{"text":"sovereign","start":7089.685,"end":7090.151},{"text":"interests","start":7090.183,"end":7090.601},{"text":"of","start":7090.665,"end":7090.794},{"text":"all","start":7090.906,"end":7091.115},{"text":"nations.","start":7091.308,"end":7091.838}]},{"text":"In closing, Ghana reiterates its commitment to upholding the peaceful, inclusive, and development-oriented vision for outer space.","start":7092.578,"end":7100.098,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. 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thank you for your kind attention, Mr. Chairman.","start":7118.48,"end":7121.492,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7118.48,"end":7118.56},{"text":"thank","start":7118.56,"end":7118.754},{"text":"you","start":7118.754,"end":7118.834},{"text":"for","start":7118.882,"end":7118.963},{"text":"your","start":7118.963,"end":7119.124},{"text":"kind","start":7119.124,"end":7119.366},{"text":"attention,","start":7119.366,"end":7119.771},{"text":"Mr.","start":7119.788,"end":7120.193},{"text":"Chairman.","start":7120.291,"end":7121.492}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GHA","affiliation_full":"Ghana","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":7125.968,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=7126","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of Ghana for her 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Egypt.","start":7131.55,"end":7136.856,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7131.55,"end":7131.582},{"text":"following","start":7131.727,"end":7132.067},{"text":"speaker","start":7132.067,"end":7132.439},{"text":"on","start":7132.472,"end":7132.504},{"text":"my","start":7132.504,"end":7132.714},{"text":"list","start":7132.714,"end":7133.135},{"text":"is","start":7134.316,"end":7134.381},{"text":"the","start":7134.478,"end":7134.559},{"text":"distinguished","start":7134.559,"end":7134.866},{"text":"representative","start":7134.899,"end":7135.513},{"text":"of","start":7136.177,"end":7136.322},{"text":"Egypt.","start":7136.371,"end":7136.856}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":7139.883,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=7140","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7139.883,"end":7140.861,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7139.883,"end":7140.059},{"text":"you,","start":7140.059,"end":7140.108},{"text":"Mr.","start":7140.124,"end":7140.3},{"text":"Chair.","start":7140.444,"end":7140.861}]},{"text":"At the outset, allow me to express our appreciation to your efforts in leading this subcommittee.","start":7141.647,"end":7146.616,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":7141.647,"end":7141.743},{"text":"the","start":7141.743,"end":7141.871},{"text":"outset,","start":7141.871,"end":7142.272},{"text":"allow","start":7142.288,"end":7142.48},{"text":"me","start":7142.528,"end":7142.689},{"text":"to","start":7142.689,"end":7142.737},{"text":"express","start":7142.769,"end":7143.121},{"text":"our","start":7143.234,"end":7143.522},{"text":"appreciation","start":7143.795,"end":7144.388},{"text":"to","start":7144.436,"end":7144.516},{"text":"your","start":7144.516,"end":7144.676},{"text":"efforts","start":7144.676,"end":7145.253},{"text":"in","start":7145.398,"end":7145.494},{"text":"leading","start":7145.494,"end":7145.766},{"text":"this","start":7145.815,"end":7145.943},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":7145.975,"end":7146.616}]},{"text":"I wish you all the best and assure you of our full support and cooperation.","start":7147.177,"end":7150.592,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7147.177,"end":7147.321},{"text":"wish","start":7147.321,"end":7147.498},{"text":"you","start":7147.498,"end":7147.626},{"text":"all","start":7147.642,"end":7147.722},{"text":"the","start":7147.722,"end":7147.818},{"text":"best","start":7147.818,"end":7148.171},{"text":"and","start":7148.219,"end":7148.363},{"text":"assure","start":7148.363,"end":7148.78},{"text":"you","start":7148.78,"end":7148.86},{"text":"of","start":7148.86,"end":7149.005},{"text":"our","start":7149.005,"end":7149.181},{"text":"full","start":7149.181,"end":7149.373},{"text":"support","start":7149.406,"end":7149.918},{"text":"and","start":7149.918,"end":7150.047},{"text":"cooperation.","start":7150.047,"end":7150.592}]},{"text":"I take this opportunity also to recognize and affirm my country's full support and appreciation for Ms. Arti Holomaini, Director of the UN Office of Outer Space, and the Secretariat for the preparations made for this session.","start":7151.345,"end":7162.535,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt,","start":7173.529,"end":7173.946},{"text":"through","start":7174.01,"end":7174.202},{"text":"the","start":7174.202,"end":7174.314},{"text":"Egyptian","start":7174.33,"end":7174.635},{"text":"Space","start":7174.683,"end":7174.939},{"text":"Agency","start":7175.051,"end":7175.436},{"text":"since","start":7175.468,"end":7175.676},{"text":"its","start":7175.772,"end":7175.949},{"text":"establishment","start":7175.949,"end":7176.894},{"text":"in","start":7176.894,"end":7176.99},{"text":"2018,","start":7176.99,"end":7177.84},{"text":"has","start":7178.256,"end":7178.401},{"text":"embarked","start":7178.433,"end":7178.913},{"text":"on","start":7178.913,"end":7178.961},{"text":"an","start":7178.993,"end":7179.074},{"text":"ambitious","start":7179.074,"end":7179.522},{"text":"space","start":7179.554,"end":7179.875},{"text":"program","start":7179.875,"end":7180.34},{"text":"with","start":7180.34,"end":7180.452},{"text":"the","start":7180.452,"end":7180.532},{"text":"view","start":7180.532,"end":7180.82},{"text":"to","start":7180.82,"end":7180.917},{"text":"benefit","start":7180.917,"end":7181.285},{"text":"from","start":7181.301,"end":7181.429},{"text":"space","start":7181.477,"end":7181.766},{"text":"sciences","start":7181.926,"end":7182.295},{"text":"and","start":7182.295,"end":7182.423},{"text":"applications","start":7182.423,"end":7183.048},{"text":"in","start":7183.785,"end":7183.833},{"text":"support","start":7183.865,"end":7184.346},{"text":"of","start":7184.346,"end":7184.442},{"text":"its","start":7184.442,"end":7184.666},{"text":"national","start":7184.666,"end":7185.019},{"text":"development","start":7185.019,"end":7185.548},{"text":"agenda.","start":7185.548,"end":7185.948}]},{"text":"Egypt launched Earth observation satellites last year, which supports the implementation of SDGs, not only in Egypt, but also for the benefit of the African continent.","start":7186.91,"end":7195.991,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":7196.874,"end":7197.211},{"text":"is","start":7197.211,"end":7197.324},{"text":"currently","start":7197.356,"end":7197.677},{"text":"planning","start":7197.741,"end":7198.014},{"text":"for","start":7198.014,"end":7198.175},{"text":"its","start":7198.175,"end":7198.383},{"text":"first","start":7198.383,"end":7198.865},{"text":"lunar","start":7198.865,"end":7199.186},{"text":"mission","start":7199.186,"end":7199.539},{"text":"in","start":7199.684,"end":7199.828},{"text":"collaboration","start":7199.828,"end":7200.406},{"text":"with","start":7200.406,"end":7200.567},{"text":"Bahrain","start":7200.567,"end":7201.097},{"text":"and","start":7201.113,"end":7201.177},{"text":"China","start":7201.273,"end":7201.755},{"text":"as","start":7202.076,"end":7202.141},{"text":"part","start":7202.237,"end":7202.478},{"text":"of","start":7202.478,"end":7202.526},{"text":"the","start":7202.558,"end":7202.654},{"text":"Chang'e","start":7202.654,"end":7203.12},{"text":"7","start":7203.12,"end":7203.345},{"text":"mission.","start":7203.441,"end":7203.746}]},{"text":"Egypt is the first African country to be part of this important milestone.","start":7204.645,"end":7208.643,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":7204.645,"end":7205.047},{"text":"is","start":7205.047,"end":7205.143},{"text":"the","start":7205.143,"end":7205.223},{"text":"first","start":7205.223,"end":7205.737},{"text":"African","start":7205.93,"end":7206.283},{"text":"country","start":7206.347,"end":7206.669},{"text":"to","start":7206.669,"end":7206.829},{"text":"be","start":7206.829,"end":7206.974},{"text":"part","start":7206.974,"end":7207.295},{"text":"of","start":7207.295,"end":7207.375},{"text":"this","start":7207.375,"end":7207.439},{"text":"important","start":7207.552,"end":7208.114},{"text":"milestone.","start":7208.114,"end":7208.643}]},{"text":"Since 2022, the Egyptian Space Agency is coordinating the African Development Satellite Project, that gathers teams from Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, Sudan, and Nigeria to develop a hyperspectral nanosatellite with ability to monitor the effect of climate change in Africa, a satellite that is scheduled for launch in the first quarter of 2026.","start":7210.056,"end":7232.279,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":7210.056,"end":7210.313},{"text":"2022,","start":7210.313,"end":7211.389},{"text":"the","start":7211.469,"end":7211.534},{"text":"Egyptian","start":7211.55,"end":7211.887},{"text":"Space","start":7211.887,"end":7212.208},{"text":"Agency","start":7212.208,"end":7212.658},{"text":"is","start":7212.674,"end":7212.738},{"text":"coordinating","start":7212.77,"end":7213.3},{"text":"the","start":7213.412,"end":7213.46},{"text":"African","start":7213.477,"end":7214.055},{"text":"Development","start":7214.055,"end":7214.697},{"text":"Satellite","start":7214.697,"end":7215.259},{"text":"Project,","start":7215.259,"end":7215.724},{"text":"that","start":7216.03,"end":7216.206},{"text":"gathers","start":7216.206,"end":7216.591},{"text":"teams","start":7216.704,"end":7216.993},{"text":"from","start":7217.073,"end":7217.218},{"text":"Kenya,","start":7217.33,"end":7217.667},{"text":"Uganda,","start":7217.683,"end":7218.165},{"text":"Ghana,","start":7218.213,"end":7218.55},{"text":"Sudan,","start":7218.566,"end":7219.048},{"text":"and","start":7219.096,"end":7219.161},{"text":"Nigeria","start":7219.193,"end":7219.819},{"text":"to","start":7220.076,"end":7220.156},{"text":"develop","start":7220.156,"end":7220.734},{"text":"a","start":7221.746,"end":7221.826},{"text":"hyperspectral","start":7221.826,"end":7222.902},{"text":"nanosatellite","start":7223.512,"end":7224.395},{"text":"with","start":7224.395,"end":7224.572},{"text":"ability","start":7224.572,"end":7224.973},{"text":"to","start":7225.037,"end":7225.134},{"text":"monitor","start":7225.134,"end":7225.551},{"text":"the","start":7225.551,"end":7225.599},{"text":"effect","start":7225.615,"end":7226.033},{"text":"of","start":7226.033,"end":7226.145},{"text":"climate","start":7226.177,"end":7226.498},{"text":"change","start":7226.498,"end":7226.964},{"text":"in","start":7226.964,"end":7227.012},{"text":"Africa,","start":7227.141,"end":7227.574},{"text":"a","start":7228.329,"end":7228.345},{"text":"satellite","start":7228.345,"end":7228.811},{"text":"that","start":7228.907,"end":7229.084},{"text":"is","start":7229.148,"end":7229.212},{"text":"scheduled","start":7229.308,"end":7229.838},{"text":"for","start":7229.854,"end":7230.047},{"text":"launch","start":7230.095,"end":7230.32},{"text":"in","start":7230.416,"end":7230.48},{"text":"the","start":7230.513,"end":7230.577},{"text":"first","start":7230.577,"end":7230.898},{"text":"quarter","start":7230.898,"end":7231.283},{"text":"of","start":7231.299,"end":7231.348},{"text":"2026.","start":7231.396,"end":7232.279}]},{"text":"Most notably, the inauguration of the African Space Agency in Cairo last month is an important milestone for Africa that will further consolidate our efforts to realize the goals of the African Union Agenda 2063.","start":7233.467,"end":7244.715,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."},{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"Most","start":7233.467,"end":7233.676},{"text":"notably,","start":7233.708,"end":7234.093},{"text":"the","start":7234.125,"end":7234.254},{"text":"inauguration","start":7234.254,"end":7234.784},{"text":"of","start":7234.784,"end":7234.896},{"text":"the","start":7234.912,"end":7235.089},{"text":"African","start":7235.089,"end":7235.49},{"text":"Space","start":7235.506,"end":7235.875},{"text":"Agency","start":7235.875,"end":7236.293},{"text":"in","start":7236.293,"end":7236.341},{"text":"Cairo","start":7236.437,"end":7236.759},{"text":"last","start":7236.759,"end":7236.999},{"text":"month","start":7236.999,"end":7237.272},{"text":"is","start":7237.337,"end":7237.481},{"text":"an","start":7237.481,"end":7237.561},{"text":"important","start":7237.561,"end":7238.139},{"text":"milestone","start":7238.139,"end":7238.621},{"text":"for","start":7238.621,"end":7238.782},{"text":"Africa","start":7238.846,"end":7239.263},{"text":"that","start":7239.263,"end":7239.424},{"text":"will","start":7239.424,"end":7239.504},{"text":"further","start":7239.504,"end":7239.906},{"text":"consolidate","start":7239.906,"end":7240.628},{"text":"our","start":7240.933,"end":7241.174},{"text":"efforts","start":7241.19,"end":7241.447},{"text":"to","start":7241.447,"end":7241.688},{"text":"realize","start":7241.576,"end":7242.042},{"text":"the","start":7242.059,"end":7242.155},{"text":"goals","start":7242.155,"end":7242.445},{"text":"of","start":7242.461,"end":7242.558},{"text":"the","start":7242.558,"end":7242.606},{"text":"African","start":7242.622,"end":7243.008},{"text":"Union","start":7243.041,"end":7243.33},{"text":"Agenda","start":7243.346,"end":7243.684},{"text":"2063.","start":7243.684,"end":7244.715}]},{"text":"We call on all partners to further collaborate and strengthen their cooperation with the African Space Agency in order to transfer know-how and build capacities for the African nations in the fields of space sciences and applications.","start":7246.405,"end":7260.151,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7246.405,"end":7246.582},{"text":"call","start":7246.582,"end":7246.888},{"text":"on","start":7246.888,"end":7246.936},{"text":"all","start":7247.146,"end":7247.274},{"text":"partners","start":7247.307,"end":7247.757},{"text":"to","start":7248.369,"end":7248.482},{"text":"further","start":7248.514,"end":7249.029},{"text":"collaborate","start":7249.238,"end":7249.947},{"text":"and","start":7249.947,"end":7250.043},{"text":"strengthen","start":7250.043,"end":7250.526},{"text":"their","start":7250.526,"end":7250.687},{"text":"cooperation","start":7250.687,"end":7251.251},{"text":"with","start":7251.251,"end":7251.38},{"text":"the","start":7251.38,"end":7251.541},{"text":"African","start":7251.541,"end":7251.8},{"text":"Space","start":7251.8,"end":7252.091},{"text":"Agency","start":7252.284,"end":7252.672},{"text":"in","start":7252.705,"end":7252.753},{"text":"order","start":7252.85,"end":7253.109},{"text":"to","start":7253.109,"end":7253.27},{"text":"transfer","start":7253.27,"end":7253.82},{"text":"know-how","start":7253.82,"end":7254.175},{"text":"and","start":7254.321,"end":7254.482},{"text":"build","start":7254.482,"end":7254.708},{"text":"capacities","start":7254.708,"end":7255.339},{"text":"for","start":7256.017,"end":7256.276},{"text":"the","start":7256.341,"end":7256.405},{"text":"African","start":7256.405,"end":7256.906},{"text":"nations","start":7256.906,"end":7257.359},{"text":"in","start":7257.94,"end":7258.005},{"text":"the","start":7258.037,"end":7258.118},{"text":"fields","start":7258.118,"end":7258.441},{"text":"of","start":7258.441,"end":7258.538},{"text":"space","start":7258.538,"end":7258.845},{"text":"sciences","start":7258.845,"end":7259.346},{"text":"and","start":7259.346,"end":7259.476},{"text":"applications.","start":7259.476,"end":7260.151}]},{"text":"Egypt also played a pivotal role in providing capacity-building programs and training sessions for African countries the African training program hosted by the Egyptian Space Agency provided for our brotherly and sisterly countries, um, several training programs that included 71 African specialists from 34 African countries.","start":7261.261,"end":7280.331,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":7261.261,"end":7261.647},{"text":"also","start":7261.647,"end":7262.05},{"text":"played","start":7262.05,"end":7262.452},{"text":"a","start":7262.452,"end":7262.548},{"text":"pivotal","start":7262.548,"end":7262.918},{"text":"role","start":7262.934,"end":7263.144},{"text":"in","start":7263.192,"end":7263.272},{"text":"providing","start":7263.272,"end":7263.723},{"text":"capacity-building","start":7263.739,"end":7264.447},{"text":"programs","start":7264.479,"end":7264.945},{"text":"and","start":7264.945,"end":7265.01},{"text":"training","start":7265.106,"end":7265.38},{"text":"sessions","start":7265.38,"end":7265.814},{"text":"for","start":7265.83,"end":7265.991},{"text":"African","start":7265.991,"end":7266.377},{"text":"countries","start":7266.393,"end":7266.78},{"text":"the","start":7267.282,"end":7267.362},{"text":"African","start":7267.427,"end":7267.828},{"text":"training","start":7267.908,"end":7268.213},{"text":"program","start":7268.245,"end":7268.614},{"text":"hosted","start":7268.711,"end":7269.048},{"text":"by","start":7269.048,"end":7269.208},{"text":"the","start":7269.208,"end":7269.288},{"text":"Egyptian","start":7269.288,"end":7269.674},{"text":"Space","start":7269.69,"end":7270.091},{"text":"Agency","start":7270.091,"end":7270.46},{"text":"provided","start":7270.556,"end":7271.054},{"text":"for","start":7271.054,"end":7271.198},{"text":"our","start":7271.279,"end":7271.439},{"text":"brotherly","start":7271.439,"end":7271.904},{"text":"and","start":7272.001,"end":7272.081},{"text":"sisterly","start":7272.081,"end":7272.627},{"text":"countries,","start":7272.643,"end":7273.028},{"text":"um,","start":7274.248,"end":7274.376},{"text":"several","start":7275.291,"end":7275.692},{"text":"training","start":7275.692,"end":7275.997},{"text":"programs","start":7276.029,"end":7276.495},{"text":"that","start":7276.495,"end":7276.607},{"text":"included","start":7276.607,"end":7277.089},{"text":"71","start":7277.089,"end":7277.666},{"text":"African","start":7277.795,"end":7278.148},{"text":"specialists","start":7278.18,"end":7278.742},{"text":"from","start":7278.742,"end":7278.918},{"text":"34","start":7278.918,"end":7279.432},{"text":"African","start":7279.544,"end":7279.865},{"text":"countries.","start":7279.946,"end":7280.331}]},{"text":"Egypt also recently established a technology park to further consolidate public-private partnerships in space sciences and applications.","start":7281.326,"end":7288.677,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":7281.326,"end":7281.663},{"text":"also","start":7281.663,"end":7282.048},{"text":"recently","start":7282.048,"end":7282.497},{"text":"established","start":7282.546,"end":7283.172},{"text":"a","start":7283.172,"end":7283.188},{"text":"technology","start":7283.236,"end":7283.781},{"text":"park","start":7283.814,"end":7284.231},{"text":"to","start":7284.632,"end":7284.744},{"text":"further","start":7284.761,"end":7285.098},{"text":"consolidate","start":7285.098,"end":7285.691},{"text":"public-private","start":7285.74,"end":7286.462},{"text":"partnerships","start":7286.462,"end":7287.168},{"text":"in","start":7287.168,"end":7287.216},{"text":"space","start":7287.264,"end":7287.505},{"text":"sciences","start":7287.505,"end":7287.987},{"text":"and","start":7287.987,"end":7288.083},{"text":"applications.","start":7288.083,"end":7288.677}]},{"text":"Private sector companies listed in the park will have the ability to use the facilities of the Egyptian Space Agency and capabilities with the view to advancing the goals of the Egyptian space program.","start":7289.174,"end":7299.754,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Private","start":7289.174,"end":7289.495},{"text":"sector","start":7289.495,"end":7289.913},{"text":"companies","start":7289.913,"end":7290.362},{"text":"listed","start":7291.036,"end":7291.437},{"text":"in","start":7291.437,"end":7291.518},{"text":"the","start":7291.518,"end":7291.662},{"text":"park","start":7291.662,"end":7292.063},{"text":"will","start":7292.063,"end":7292.16},{"text":"have","start":7292.16,"end":7292.384},{"text":"the","start":7292.384,"end":7292.481},{"text":"ability","start":7292.481,"end":7292.93},{"text":"to","start":7293.288,"end":7293.499},{"text":"use","start":7293.515,"end":7293.758},{"text":"the","start":7293.758,"end":7293.807},{"text":"facilities","start":7293.839,"end":7294.39},{"text":"of","start":7294.487,"end":7294.568},{"text":"the","start":7294.568,"end":7294.601},{"text":"Egyptian","start":7294.601,"end":7294.957},{"text":"Space","start":7294.99,"end":7295.395},{"text":"Agency","start":7295.395,"end":7295.784},{"text":"and","start":7295.8,"end":7295.897},{"text":"capabilities","start":7295.897,"end":7296.497},{"text":"with","start":7296.594,"end":7296.691},{"text":"the","start":7296.691,"end":7296.772},{"text":"view","start":7296.772,"end":7297.015},{"text":"to","start":7297.015,"end":7297.161},{"text":"advancing","start":7297.161,"end":7297.712},{"text":"the","start":7297.744,"end":7297.89},{"text":"goals","start":7297.89,"end":7298.198},{"text":"of","start":7298.457,"end":7298.522},{"text":"the","start":7298.555,"end":7298.619},{"text":"Egyptian","start":7298.619,"end":7298.976},{"text":"space","start":7298.976,"end":7299.235},{"text":"program.","start":7299.284,"end":7299.754}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Egypt takes note of the issues tabled before us in this session of the Legal Subcommittee and its relevant working groups and would like to reiterate the following points.","start":7300.61,"end":7309.881,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7300.61,"end":7301.027},{"text":"Chair,","start":7301.477,"end":7302.007},{"text":"Egypt","start":7302.152,"end":7302.473},{"text":"takes","start":7302.473,"end":7302.73},{"text":"note","start":7302.73,"end":7302.971},{"text":"of","start":7302.971,"end":7303.116},{"text":"the","start":7303.116,"end":7303.277},{"text":"issues","start":7303.277,"end":7303.662},{"text":"tabled","start":7303.695,"end":7304.032},{"text":"before","start":7304.032,"end":7304.418},{"text":"us","start":7304.418,"end":7304.53},{"text":"in","start":7304.643,"end":7304.707},{"text":"this","start":7304.739,"end":7304.867},{"text":"session","start":7304.916,"end":7305.285},{"text":"of","start":7305.285,"end":7305.35},{"text":"the","start":7305.382,"end":7305.462},{"text":"Legal","start":7305.462,"end":7305.687},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":7305.687,"end":7306.33},{"text":"and","start":7306.747,"end":7306.812},{"text":"its","start":7306.844,"end":7307.053},{"text":"relevant","start":7307.053,"end":7307.519},{"text":"working","start":7307.519,"end":7307.792},{"text":"groups","start":7307.792,"end":7308.177},{"text":"and","start":7308.177,"end":7308.258},{"text":"would","start":7308.258,"end":7308.418},{"text":"like","start":7308.435,"end":7308.659},{"text":"to","start":7308.659,"end":7308.756},{"text":"reiterate","start":7308.756,"end":7309.093},{"text":"the","start":7309.093,"end":7309.174},{"text":"following","start":7309.174,"end":7309.447},{"text":"points.","start":7309.559,"end":7309.881}]},{"text":"My delegation would like to highlight that the following points applies to this agenda item as well as other agenda items of this subcommittee.","start":7311.99,"end":7319.134,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":7311.99,"end":7312.038},{"text":"delegation","start":7312.102,"end":7312.666},{"text":"would","start":7312.666,"end":7312.827},{"text":"like","start":7312.827,"end":7313.31},{"text":"to","start":7313.455,"end":7313.551},{"text":"highlight","start":7313.551,"end":7314.099},{"text":"that","start":7314.099,"end":7314.196},{"text":"the","start":7314.196,"end":7314.276},{"text":"following","start":7314.276,"end":7314.646},{"text":"points","start":7314.679,"end":7315.065},{"text":"applies","start":7315.065,"end":7315.435},{"text":"to","start":7315.435,"end":7315.613},{"text":"this","start":7315.645,"end":7315.87},{"text":"agenda","start":7315.87,"end":7316.192},{"text":"item","start":7316.192,"end":7316.498},{"text":"as","start":7316.53,"end":7316.659},{"text":"well","start":7316.691,"end":7316.836},{"text":"as","start":7316.836,"end":7316.933},{"text":"other","start":7317.078,"end":7317.255},{"text":"agenda","start":7317.255,"end":7317.642},{"text":"items","start":7317.642,"end":7318.028},{"text":"of","start":7318.141,"end":7318.27},{"text":"this","start":7318.3,"end":7318.444},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":7318.492,"end":7319.134}]},{"text":"The group, the EJEP, notes the increased role of non-governmental organizations in space activities and reiterates the relevance of Article 6 of Outer Space Treaty in this regard, particularly the responsibility of state parties to the treaty for national activities in outer space, and the activities of non-governmental organizations in outer space shall require authorization and continuing supervision by the appropriate state party to the treaty.","start":7320.419,"end":7343.701,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7320.419,"end":7320.58},{"text":"group,","start":7320.58,"end":7320.965},{"text":"the","start":7321.045,"end":7321.19},{"text":"EJEP,","start":7321.206,"end":7321.607},{"text":"notes","start":7321.639,"end":7321.896},{"text":"the","start":7322.025,"end":7322.169},{"text":"increased","start":7322.169,"end":7322.667},{"text":"role","start":7322.667,"end":7323.084},{"text":"of","start":7323.133,"end":7323.197},{"text":"non-governmental","start":7323.293,"end":7324.048},{"text":"organizations","start":7324.048,"end":7324.802},{"text":"in","start":7324.835,"end":7324.883},{"text":"space","start":7324.931,"end":7325.3},{"text":"activities","start":7325.3,"end":7325.942},{"text":"and","start":7325.942,"end":7326.023},{"text":"reiterates","start":7326.023,"end":7326.472},{"text":"the","start":7326.585,"end":7326.665},{"text":"relevance","start":7326.665,"end":7327.05},{"text":"of","start":7327.147,"end":7327.243},{"text":"Article","start":7327.243,"end":7327.628},{"text":"6","start":7327.628,"end":7328.046},{"text":"of","start":7328.046,"end":7328.19},{"text":"Outer","start":7328.19,"end":7328.399},{"text":"Space","start":7328.447,"end":7328.768},{"text":"Treaty","start":7328.768,"end":7329.057},{"text":"in","start":7329.154,"end":7329.218},{"text":"this","start":7329.25,"end":7329.363},{"text":"regard,","start":7329.411,"end":7329.828},{"text":"particularly","start":7329.892,"end":7330.519},{"text":"the","start":7330.519,"end":7330.567},{"text":"responsibility","start":7330.567,"end":7331.305},{"text":"of","start":7331.337,"end":7331.402},{"text":"state","start":7331.402,"end":7331.707},{"text":"parties","start":7331.723,"end":7332.108},{"text":"to","start":7332.542,"end":7332.638},{"text":"the","start":7332.638,"end":7332.799},{"text":"treaty","start":7332.799,"end":7333.152},{"text":"for","start":7333.168,"end":7333.328},{"text":"national","start":7333.328,"end":7333.778},{"text":"activities","start":7333.826,"end":7334.276},{"text":"in","start":7334.388,"end":7334.517},{"text":"outer","start":7334.533,"end":7334.79},{"text":"space,","start":7334.79,"end":7335.223},{"text":"and","start":7335.737,"end":7335.833},{"text":"the","start":7335.833,"end":7335.881},{"text":"activities","start":7335.898,"end":7336.46},{"text":"of","start":7336.476,"end":7336.604},{"text":"non-governmental","start":7336.62,"end":7337.375},{"text":"organizations","start":7337.375,"end":7338.178},{"text":"in","start":7338.226,"end":7338.322},{"text":"outer","start":7338.322,"end":7338.579},{"text":"space","start":7338.579,"end":7338.82},{"text":"shall","start":7338.82,"end":7339.125},{"text":"require","start":7339.125,"end":7339.671},{"text":"authorization","start":7339.671,"end":7340.313},{"text":"and","start":7340.313,"end":7340.409},{"text":"continuing","start":7340.409,"end":7340.779},{"text":"supervision","start":7340.827,"end":7341.405},{"text":"by","start":7341.453,"end":7341.614},{"text":"the","start":7341.614,"end":7341.678},{"text":"appropriate","start":7341.678,"end":7342.176},{"text":"state","start":7342.176,"end":7342.433},{"text":"party","start":7342.481,"end":7342.866},{"text":"to","start":7343.139,"end":7343.284},{"text":"the","start":7343.284,"end":7343.38},{"text":"treaty.","start":7343.38,"end":7343.701}]},{"text":"Egypt believes that any endeavor to explore and utilize outer space must adhere to the principles and objectives of international law and relevant United Nations treaties, including the Outer Space Treaty.","start":7344.889,"end":7353.993,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":7344.889,"end":7345.146},{"text":"believes","start":7345.146,"end":7345.548},{"text":"that","start":7345.548,"end":7345.66},{"text":"any","start":7345.772,"end":7345.917},{"text":"endeavor","start":7345.949,"end":7346.431},{"text":"to","start":7346.431,"end":7346.495},{"text":"explore","start":7346.495,"end":7346.864},{"text":"and","start":7346.912,"end":7347.041},{"text":"utilize","start":7347.041,"end":7347.474},{"text":"outer","start":7347.539,"end":7347.715},{"text":"space","start":7347.715,"end":7348.101},{"text":"must","start":7348.101,"end":7348.341},{"text":"adhere","start":7348.341,"end":7348.566},{"text":"to","start":7348.598,"end":7348.743},{"text":"the","start":7348.743,"end":7348.839},{"text":"principles","start":7348.839,"end":7349.321},{"text":"and","start":7349.321,"end":7349.417},{"text":"objectives","start":7349.417,"end":7349.931},{"text":"of","start":7350.027,"end":7350.076},{"text":"international","start":7350.092,"end":7350.638},{"text":"law","start":7350.686,"end":7350.798},{"text":"and","start":7350.927,"end":7351.071},{"text":"relevant","start":7351.071,"end":7351.456},{"text":"United","start":7351.456,"end":7351.794},{"text":"Nations","start":7351.794,"end":7352.099},{"text":"treaties,","start":7352.131,"end":7352.5},{"text":"including","start":7352.532,"end":7352.982},{"text":"the","start":7353.014,"end":7353.062},{"text":"Outer","start":7353.078,"end":7353.351},{"text":"Space","start":7353.351,"end":7353.592},{"text":"Treaty.","start":7353.592,"end":7353.993}]},{"text":"These principles and legal instruments, including the principles of non-appropriation, benefit sharing, and equitable access, should drive our discussions on emerging and evolving issues, including the long-term sustainability of outer space, as well as utilization of space resources and space traffic management.","start":7354.523,"end":7369.247,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7354.523,"end":7354.668},{"text":"principles","start":7354.764,"end":7355.262},{"text":"and","start":7355.262,"end":7355.374},{"text":"legal","start":7355.406,"end":7355.615},{"text":"instruments,","start":7355.663,"end":7356.193},{"text":"including","start":7356.225,"end":7356.627},{"text":"the","start":7356.707,"end":7356.787},{"text":"principles","start":7356.787,"end":7357.333},{"text":"of","start":7357.333,"end":7357.478},{"text":"non-appropriation,","start":7357.574,"end":7358.457},{"text":"benefit","start":7358.858,"end":7359.196},{"text":"sharing,","start":7359.196,"end":7359.485},{"text":"and","start":7359.517,"end":7359.629},{"text":"equitable","start":7359.661,"end":7360.143},{"text":"access,","start":7360.143,"end":7360.464},{"text":"should","start":7360.48,"end":7360.657},{"text":"drive","start":7360.705,"end":7361.026},{"text":"our","start":7361.026,"end":7361.203},{"text":"discussions","start":7361.203,"end":7361.733},{"text":"on","start":7361.765,"end":7361.845},{"text":"emerging","start":7361.845,"end":7362.214},{"text":"and","start":7362.246,"end":7362.311},{"text":"evolving","start":7362.327,"end":7362.696},{"text":"issues,","start":7362.824,"end":7363.065},{"text":"including","start":7363.13,"end":7363.579},{"text":"the","start":7363.675,"end":7363.772},{"text":"long-term","start":7363.772,"end":7364.189},{"text":"sustainability","start":7364.189,"end":7364.912},{"text":"of","start":7364.912,"end":7365.04},{"text":"outer","start":7365.056,"end":7365.281},{"text":"space,","start":7365.281,"end":7365.57},{"text":"as","start":7366.084,"end":7366.148},{"text":"well","start":7366.18,"end":7366.293},{"text":"as","start":7366.341,"end":7366.437},{"text":"utilization","start":7366.437,"end":7367.096},{"text":"of","start":7367.128,"end":7367.16},{"text":"space","start":7367.16,"end":7367.465},{"text":"resources","start":7367.465,"end":7367.914},{"text":"and","start":7368.011,"end":7368.107},{"text":"space","start":7368.107,"end":7368.412},{"text":"traffic","start":7368.412,"end":7368.749},{"text":"management.","start":7368.749,"end":7369.247}]},{"text":"We reiterate that any regulation of outer space should aim at improving the outer space environment for the use of all states and should not in any way limit the full utilization of outer space activities and applications by any other state.","start":7369.857,"end":7381.675,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7369.857,"end":7369.938},{"text":"reiterate","start":7369.938,"end":7370.243},{"text":"that","start":7370.355,"end":7370.58},{"text":"any","start":7370.58,"end":7370.692},{"text":"regulation","start":7370.692,"end":7371.222},{"text":"of","start":7371.238,"end":7371.383},{"text":"outer","start":7371.383,"end":7371.64},{"text":"space","start":7371.64,"end":7371.88},{"text":"should","start":7371.88,"end":7372.25},{"text":"aim","start":7372.282,"end":7372.41},{"text":"at","start":7372.587,"end":7372.764},{"text":"improving","start":7372.764,"end":7373.293},{"text":"the","start":7373.325,"end":7373.374},{"text":"outer","start":7373.39,"end":7373.711},{"text":"space","start":7373.711,"end":7373.952},{"text":"environment","start":7374.032,"end":7374.449},{"text":"for","start":7374.449,"end":7374.61},{"text":"the","start":7374.674,"end":7374.771},{"text":"use","start":7374.771,"end":7374.931},{"text":"of","start":7374.995,"end":7375.092},{"text":"all","start":7375.236,"end":7375.349},{"text":"states","start":7375.349,"end":7375.798},{"text":"and","start":7375.814,"end":7375.959},{"text":"should","start":7375.959,"end":7376.2},{"text":"not","start":7376.2,"end":7376.537},{"text":"in","start":7376.601,"end":7376.697},{"text":"any","start":7376.762,"end":7376.906},{"text":"way","start":7376.938,"end":7377.131},{"text":"limit","start":7377.163,"end":7377.372},{"text":"the","start":7377.42,"end":7377.5},{"text":"full","start":7377.5,"end":7377.677},{"text":"utilization","start":7377.677,"end":7378.351},{"text":"of","start":7378.769,"end":7378.913},{"text":"outer","start":7379.01,"end":7379.202},{"text":"space","start":7379.202,"end":7379.507},{"text":"activities","start":7379.507,"end":7379.989},{"text":"and","start":7379.989,"end":7380.053},{"text":"applications","start":7380.069,"end":7380.647},{"text":"by","start":7380.647,"end":7380.856},{"text":"any","start":7380.872,"end":7381.097},{"text":"other","start":7381.097,"end":7381.274},{"text":"state.","start":7381.274,"end":7381.675}]},{"text":"The sustainable use of outer space should place a special emphasis on capacity-building activities to bridge the huge divide between developed and developing countries in this domain and address a growing need to secure sufficient resources resources.","start":7383.024,"end":7420.661,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7383.024,"end":7383.056},{"text":"sustainable","start":7383.056,"end":7383.682},{"text":"use","start":7383.682,"end":7383.923},{"text":"of","start":7383.923,"end":7384.067},{"text":"outer","start":7384.148,"end":7384.34},{"text":"space","start":7384.34,"end":7384.838},{"text":"should","start":7385.127,"end":7385.416},{"text":"place","start":7385.448,"end":7385.641},{"text":"a","start":7385.753,"end":7385.785},{"text":"special","start":7385.785,"end":7386.331},{"text":"emphasis","start":7386.331,"end":7386.813},{"text":"on","start":7386.813,"end":7386.909},{"text":"capacity-building","start":7386.909,"end":7387.568},{"text":"activities","start":7387.616,"end":7388.146},{"text":"to","start":7388.178,"end":7388.274},{"text":"bridge","start":7388.322,"end":7388.563},{"text":"the","start":7388.579,"end":7388.66},{"text":"huge","start":7388.724,"end":7388.997},{"text":"divide","start":7388.997,"end":7389.446},{"text":"between","start":7389.446,"end":7389.703},{"text":"developed","start":7389.703,"end":7390.169},{"text":"and","start":7390.169,"end":7390.249},{"text":"developing","start":7390.265,"end":7390.635},{"text":"countries","start":7390.667,"end":7391.036},{"text":"in","start":7391.132,"end":7391.293},{"text":"this","start":7391.293,"end":7391.469},{"text":"domain","start":7391.469,"end":7391.839},{"text":"and","start":7392.272,"end":7392.337},{"text":"address","start":7392.353,"end":7392.786},{"text":"a","start":7392.818,"end":7392.834},{"text":"growing","start":7392.834,"end":7393.204},{"text":"need","start":7393.316,"end":7393.444},{"text":"to","start":7393.541,"end":7393.637},{"text":"secure","start":7393.637,"end":7393.974},{"text":"sufficient","start":7394.022,"end":7394.552},{"text":"resources","start":7394.552,"end":7394.809},{"text":"resources.","start":7420.42,"end":7420.661}]},{"text":"Accordingly, there is a need to establish innovative support framework to consolidate the principles of benefit sharing in outer space and long-term sustainability.","start":7421.417,"end":7429.537,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":7421.417,"end":7422.028},{"text":"there","start":7422.462,"end":7422.59},{"text":"is","start":7422.606,"end":7422.719},{"text":"a","start":7422.767,"end":7422.783},{"text":"need","start":7422.783,"end":7423.025},{"text":"to","start":7423.025,"end":7423.169},{"text":"establish","start":7423.169,"end":7423.555},{"text":"innovative","start":7423.732,"end":7424.15},{"text":"support","start":7424.15,"end":7424.697},{"text":"framework","start":7424.697,"end":7425.292},{"text":"to","start":7425.292,"end":7425.405},{"text":"consolidate","start":7425.421,"end":7425.919},{"text":"the","start":7425.919,"end":7426.064},{"text":"principles","start":7426.064,"end":7426.578},{"text":"of","start":7426.707,"end":7426.771},{"text":"benefit","start":7426.804,"end":7427.19},{"text":"sharing","start":7427.19,"end":7427.415},{"text":"in","start":7427.511,"end":7427.592},{"text":"outer","start":7427.592,"end":7427.801},{"text":"space","start":7427.849,"end":7428.251},{"text":"and","start":7428.251,"end":7428.396},{"text":"long-term","start":7428.412,"end":7428.797},{"text":"sustainability.","start":7428.797,"end":7429.537}]},{"text":"One potential mechanism to explore is a contribution system whereby major spacefaring nations, non-traditional donors, and private commercial sector contribute financially or in kind to a mechanism that supports the developing countries.","start":7430.405,"end":7446.88,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":7430.405,"end":7430.55},{"text":"potential","start":7430.582,"end":7431.064},{"text":"mechanism","start":7431.064,"end":7431.53},{"text":"to","start":7431.53,"end":7431.611},{"text":"explore","start":7431.611,"end":7432.045},{"text":"is","start":7432.173,"end":7432.238},{"text":"a","start":7432.27,"end":7432.334},{"text":"contribution","start":7432.334,"end":7432.913},{"text":"system","start":7432.913,"end":7433.492},{"text":"whereby","start":7433.781,"end":7434.07},{"text":"major","start":7434.135,"end":7434.536},{"text":"spacefaring","start":7434.536,"end":7435.131},{"text":"nations,","start":7435.163,"end":7435.613},{"text":"non-traditional","start":7435.662,"end":7436.369},{"text":"donors,","start":7436.369,"end":7436.739},{"text":"and","start":7436.771,"end":7436.9},{"text":"private","start":7436.9,"end":7437.238},{"text":"commercial","start":7437.238,"end":7437.818},{"text":"sector","start":7438.043,"end":7439.074},{"text":"contribute","start":7441.361,"end":7442.053},{"text":"financially","start":7442.069,"end":7442.778},{"text":"or","start":7443.116,"end":7443.164},{"text":"in","start":7443.438,"end":7443.583},{"text":"kind","start":7443.599,"end":7444.115},{"text":"to","start":7444.566,"end":7444.63},{"text":"a","start":7444.727,"end":7444.743},{"text":"mechanism","start":7444.743,"end":7445.403},{"text":"that","start":7445.451,"end":7445.564},{"text":"supports","start":7445.564,"end":7446.031},{"text":"the","start":7446.031,"end":7446.224},{"text":"developing","start":7446.1,"end":7446.408},{"text":"countries.","start":7446.457,"end":7446.88}]},{"text":"Such mechanism can be administered by the UN Office of Outer Space.","start":7447.368,"end":7450.928,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":7447.368,"end":7447.677},{"text":"mechanism","start":7447.758,"end":7448.246},{"text":"can","start":7448.246,"end":7448.408},{"text":"be","start":7448.408,"end":7448.554},{"text":"administered","start":7448.554,"end":7449.189},{"text":"by","start":7449.221,"end":7449.465},{"text":"the","start":7449.465,"end":7449.546},{"text":"UN","start":7449.546,"end":7449.758},{"text":"Office","start":7449.855,"end":7450.229},{"text":"of","start":7450.278,"end":7450.343},{"text":"Outer","start":7450.343,"end":7450.457},{"text":"Space.","start":7450.505,"end":7450.928}]},{"text":"By integrating such measures into the broader governance of space activities and space resources, nations can promote a fair and sustainable future where all humankind, regardless of their economic standing, can access and benefit from the opportunities that outer space offers.","start":7451.58,"end":7465.655,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":7451.58,"end":7451.676},{"text":"integrating","start":7451.676,"end":7452.144},{"text":"such","start":7452.177,"end":7452.499},{"text":"measures","start":7452.499,"end":7452.79},{"text":"into","start":7452.887,"end":7453.096},{"text":"the","start":7453.129,"end":7453.226},{"text":"broader","start":7453.226,"end":7453.548},{"text":"governance","start":7453.548,"end":7454.016},{"text":"of","start":7454.016,"end":7454.049},{"text":"space","start":7454.049,"end":7454.291},{"text":"activities","start":7454.355,"end":7454.807},{"text":"and","start":7454.904,"end":7455.017},{"text":"space","start":7455.017,"end":7455.324},{"text":"resources,","start":7455.324,"end":7455.856},{"text":"nations","start":7456.356,"end":7456.744},{"text":"can","start":7456.84,"end":7457.018},{"text":"promote","start":7457.018,"end":7457.438},{"text":"a","start":7457.486,"end":7457.502},{"text":"fair","start":7457.502,"end":7457.776},{"text":"and","start":7457.825,"end":7457.986},{"text":"sustainable","start":7457.986,"end":7458.535},{"text":"future","start":7458.535,"end":7459.1},{"text":"where","start":7459.439,"end":7459.713},{"text":"all","start":7459.745,"end":7459.907},{"text":"humankind,","start":7459.907,"end":7460.455},{"text":"regardless","start":7460.488,"end":7460.891},{"text":"of","start":7460.891,"end":7460.94},{"text":"their","start":7460.94,"end":7461.053},{"text":"economic","start":7461.053,"end":7461.46},{"text":"standing,","start":7461.46,"end":7461.834},{"text":"can","start":7461.931,"end":7462.159},{"text":"access","start":7462.175,"end":7462.582},{"text":"and","start":7462.582,"end":7462.647},{"text":"benefit","start":7462.679,"end":7463.07},{"text":"from","start":7463.07,"end":7463.184},{"text":"the","start":7463.249,"end":7463.314},{"text":"opportunities","start":7463.314,"end":7463.866},{"text":"that","start":7463.964,"end":7464.192},{"text":"outer","start":7464.696,"end":7464.956},{"text":"space","start":7464.956,"end":7465.281},{"text":"offers.","start":7465.362,"end":7465.655}]},{"text":"Egypt reaffirms its firm stance on the importance of restricting the use of outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing all forms of militarization in outer space.","start":7468.233,"end":7476.748,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":7468.233,"end":7468.555},{"text":"reaffirms","start":7468.555,"end":7469.008},{"text":"its","start":7469.04,"end":7469.153},{"text":"firm","start":7469.201,"end":7469.395},{"text":"stance","start":7469.46,"end":7469.847},{"text":"on","start":7469.847,"end":7469.912},{"text":"the","start":7469.928,"end":7469.992},{"text":"importance","start":7469.992,"end":7470.574},{"text":"of","start":7470.574,"end":7470.654},{"text":"restricting","start":7470.654,"end":7471.268},{"text":"the","start":7471.3,"end":7471.445},{"text":"use","start":7471.445,"end":7471.688},{"text":"of","start":7471.688,"end":7471.849},{"text":"outer","start":7471.849,"end":7472.043},{"text":"space","start":7472.091,"end":7472.43},{"text":"for","start":7472.43,"end":7473.415},{"text":"peaceful","start":7472.622,"end":7473.023},{"text":"purposes","start":7473.023,"end":7473.473},{"text":"and","start":7473.569,"end":7473.665},{"text":"preventing","start":7473.665,"end":7474.115},{"text":"all","start":7474.211,"end":7474.259},{"text":"forms","start":7474.308,"end":7474.645},{"text":"of","start":7474.693,"end":7474.805},{"text":"militarization","start":7474.805,"end":7475.721},{"text":"in","start":7476.058,"end":7476.122},{"text":"outer","start":7476.218,"end":7476.427},{"text":"space.","start":7476.475,"end":7476.748}]},{"text":"It is imperative to adhere to the principles of the Outer Space Treaty, the cornerstone of the space law.","start":7477.455,"end":7482.641,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7477.455,"end":7477.599},{"text":"is","start":7477.599,"end":7477.647},{"text":"imperative","start":7477.744,"end":7478.29},{"text":"to","start":7478.322,"end":7478.466},{"text":"adhere","start":7478.466,"end":7478.755},{"text":"to","start":7478.803,"end":7478.948},{"text":"the","start":7478.948,"end":7479.044},{"text":"principles","start":7479.044,"end":7479.494},{"text":"of","start":7479.67,"end":7479.767},{"text":"the","start":7479.767,"end":7479.815},{"text":"Outer","start":7479.831,"end":7480.104},{"text":"Space","start":7480.104,"end":7480.409},{"text":"Treaty,","start":7480.409,"end":7480.778},{"text":"the","start":7481.196,"end":7481.292},{"text":"cornerstone","start":7481.292,"end":7481.934},{"text":"of","start":7481.934,"end":7482.015},{"text":"the","start":7482.015,"end":7482.095},{"text":"space","start":7482.095,"end":7482.48},{"text":"law.","start":7482.48,"end":7482.641}]},{"text":"Egypt particularly calls Article 4 of the Outer Space Treaty that prohibits placement of nuclear weapons or any weapons of mass destruction in outer space.","start":7483.363,"end":7490.862,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":7483.363,"end":7483.604},{"text":"particularly","start":7483.604,"end":7484.15},{"text":"calls","start":7484.247,"end":7484.471},{"text":"Article","start":7484.568,"end":7484.953},{"text":"4","start":7484.969,"end":7485.162},{"text":"of","start":7485.226,"end":7485.322},{"text":"the","start":7485.387,"end":7485.435},{"text":"Outer","start":7485.451,"end":7485.772},{"text":"Space","start":7485.772,"end":7486.029},{"text":"Treaty","start":7486.029,"end":7486.414},{"text":"that","start":7486.414,"end":7486.575},{"text":"prohibits","start":7486.575,"end":7487.073},{"text":"placement","start":7487.073,"end":7487.57},{"text":"of","start":7487.57,"end":7487.683},{"text":"nuclear","start":7487.715,"end":7488.036},{"text":"weapons","start":7488.036,"end":7488.405},{"text":"or","start":7488.437,"end":7488.598},{"text":"any","start":7488.598,"end":7488.807},{"text":"weapons","start":7488.839,"end":7489.24},{"text":"of","start":7489.24,"end":7489.32},{"text":"mass","start":7489.32,"end":7489.513},{"text":"destruction","start":7489.513,"end":7490.075},{"text":"in","start":7490.107,"end":7490.171},{"text":"outer","start":7490.268,"end":7490.525},{"text":"space.","start":7490.525,"end":7490.862}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Mr. Chair, Egypt looks forward to this session's discussions and expresses its continued commitment to further enhance international cooperation and improve the peaceful uses of outer space in line with the principles of the UN Charter and international law.","start":7491.633,"end":7504.674,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space 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you, Mr.","start":7505.21,"end":7505.922,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7505.21,"end":7505.34},{"text":"you,","start":7505.34,"end":7505.388},{"text":"Mr.","start":7505.453,"end":7505.922}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":7508.301,"end":7508.706,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":7508.301,"end":7508.706}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"EGY","affiliation_full":"Egypt","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":7509.159,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=7510","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the distinguished representative of Egypt for your 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3.","start":7516.8,"end":7524.035,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":7516.8,"end":7516.913},{"text":"are","start":7516.913,"end":7516.946},{"text":"no","start":7516.946,"end":7516.994},{"text":"further","start":7516.994,"end":7517.302},{"text":"speakers","start":7517.302,"end":7517.773},{"text":"on","start":7517.805,"end":7517.951},{"text":"the","start":7517.951,"end":7518.032},{"text":"list,","start":7518.032,"end":7518.584},{"text":"which","start":7520.06,"end":7520.157},{"text":"means","start":7520.239,"end":7520.45},{"text":"that","start":7520.482,"end":7520.644},{"text":"tomorrow","start":7520.644,"end":7520.985},{"text":"morning","start":7520.985,"end":7521.423},{"text":"we","start":7521.52,"end":7521.553},{"text":"will","start":7521.601,"end":7521.682},{"text":"continue","start":7521.763,"end":7522.153},{"text":"our","start":7522.169,"end":7522.315},{"text":"consideration","start":7522.331,"end":7522.964},{"text":"of","start":7523.061,"end":7523.175},{"text":"Agenda","start":7523.175,"end":7523.451},{"text":"Item","start":7523.467,"end":7523.775},{"text":"3.","start":7523.807,"end":7524.035}]},{"text":"General exchange of views.","start":7525.284,"end":7526.379,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"General","start":7525.284,"end":7525.606},{"text":"exchange","start":7525.606,"end":7526.025},{"text":"of","start":7526.025,"end":7526.073},{"text":"views.","start":7526.073,"end":7526.379}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I would now like to begin our consideration of agenda item 4, information on the activities of international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations relating to space 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now turn to the list of speakers, and the first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of 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Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":7559.052,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=7560","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7559.052,"end":7559.309,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7559.052,"end":7559.309}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, I thank you for giving me the floor.","start":7559.357,"end":7561.494,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":7559.357,"end":7559.63},{"text":"I","start":7560.16,"end":7560.321},{"text":"thank","start":7560.321,"end":7560.562},{"text":"you","start":7560.562,"end":7560.626},{"text":"for","start":7560.642,"end":7560.819},{"text":"giving","start":7560.819,"end":7561.028},{"text":"me","start":7561.06,"end":7561.092},{"text":"the","start":7561.14,"end":7561.237},{"text":"floor.","start":7561.285,"end":7561.494}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, it is my privilege to make this statement on behalf of the Intersputnik International Organization of Space 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its establishment in 1971, Intersputnik has been tasked to facilitate facilitate cooperation in design, development, and operation of a communication system via satellites.","start":7570.639,"end":7581.669,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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IIISL, as a leading global platform for knowledge exchange on the understanding and application of space law, actively engages with issues of relevance to UN COPUOS for the benefit of all delegations.","start":8208.387,"end":8221.936,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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December, the 19th Eileen Galloway Symposium on Critical Issues in Space Law was held in Washington, 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warmly invite delegates to attend future IIISL events.","start":8447.35,"end":8451.819,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8447.35,"end":8447.544},{"text":"warmly","start":8447.674,"end":8448.16},{"text":"invite","start":8448.16,"end":8448.58},{"text":"delegates","start":8448.58,"end":8449.05},{"text":"to","start":8449.05,"end":8449.18},{"text":"attend","start":8449.212,"end":8449.762},{"text":"future","start":8449.762,"end":8450.264},{"text":"IIISL","start":8450.426,"end":8451.041},{"text":"events.","start":8451.317,"end":8451.819}]},{"text":"Thank you, delegates, for your kind 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Law.","start":8458.794,"end":8468.672,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8458.794,"end":8459.591},{"text":"you","start":8459.591,"end":8459.673},{"text":"very","start":8459.673,"end":8459.917},{"text":"much","start":8459.917,"end":8460.177},{"text":"to","start":8461.121,"end":8461.284},{"text":"the","start":8461.284,"end":8461.382},{"text":"distinguished","start":8461.382,"end":8461.805},{"text":"representative","start":8461.805,"end":8462.57},{"text":"of","start":8462.83,"end":8463.058},{"text":"the","start":8464.128,"end":8464.294},{"text":"International","start":8464.294,"end":8464.926},{"text":"Institute","start":8465.076,"end":8465.791},{"text":"of","start":8465.874,"end":8466.107},{"text":"Space","start":8466.157,"end":8466.606},{"text":"Law.","start":8468.639,"end":8468.672}]},{"text":"Thank you for your statement.","start":8468.72,"end":8469.711,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8468.72,"end":8468.85},{"text":"you","start":8468.883,"end":8468.98},{"text":"for","start":8468.98,"end":8469.078},{"text":"your","start":8469.078,"end":8469.24},{"text":"statement.","start":8469.24,"end":8469.711}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of For All Mankind.","start":8469.873,"end":8476.135,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8469.873,"end":8469.889},{"text":"now","start":8469.889,"end":8470.117},{"text":"give","start":8470.117,"end":8470.214},{"text":"the","start":8470.263,"end":8470.344},{"text":"floor","start":8470.344,"end":8470.555},{"text":"to","start":8470.766,"end":8470.945},{"text":"the","start":8471.643,"end":8471.854},{"text":"distinguished","start":8471.968,"end":8472.536},{"text":"representative","start":8472.536,"end":8473.331},{"text":"of","start":8474.24,"end":8474.387},{"text":"For","start":8474.5,"end":8474.776},{"text":"All","start":8474.971,"end":8475.101},{"text":"Mankind.","start":8475.28,"end":8476.135}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":8478.442,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=8479","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":8478.442,"end":8478.959,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8478.442,"end":8478.62},{"text":"you,","start":8478.62,"end":8478.684},{"text":"Chair.","start":8478.7,"end":8478.959}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates and representatives, it is an honor to address the Legal Subcommittee and share updates on For All Mankind's contributions to space law.","start":8479.653,"end":8486.783,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":8479.653,"end":8480.072},{"text":"delegates","start":8480.072,"end":8480.476},{"text":"and","start":8480.476,"end":8480.572},{"text":"representatives,","start":8480.572,"end":8481.299},{"text":"it","start":8481.508,"end":8481.541},{"text":"is","start":8481.541,"end":8481.654},{"text":"an","start":8481.686,"end":8481.815},{"text":"honor","start":8481.831,"end":8482.105},{"text":"to","start":8482.105,"end":8482.218},{"text":"address","start":8482.234,"end":8482.557},{"text":"the","start":8482.557,"end":8482.638},{"text":"Legal","start":8482.638,"end":8482.88},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":8482.88,"end":8483.558},{"text":"and","start":8483.703,"end":8483.767},{"text":"share","start":8483.784,"end":8484.09},{"text":"updates","start":8484.09,"end":8484.477},{"text":"on","start":8484.574,"end":8484.623},{"text":"For","start":8484.72,"end":8484.833},{"text":"All","start":8484.833,"end":8484.914},{"text":"Mankind's","start":8484.914,"end":8485.369},{"text":"contributions","start":8485.467,"end":8486.133},{"text":"to","start":8486.149,"end":8486.279},{"text":"space","start":8486.279,"end":8486.653},{"text":"law.","start":8486.686,"end":8486.783}]},{"text":"We express our deep appreciation for your leadership, the Secretariat, and the entire team at the Office of Outer Space Affairs for their tireless efforts and invaluable guidance.","start":8487.742,"end":8497.487,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8487.742,"end":8487.839},{"text":"express","start":8487.839,"end":8488.246},{"text":"our","start":8488.246,"end":8488.473},{"text":"deep","start":8488.473,"end":8488.749},{"text":"appreciation","start":8489.218,"end":8489.972},{"text":"for","start":8489.988,"end":8490.148},{"text":"your","start":8490.148,"end":8490.244},{"text":"leadership,","start":8490.308,"end":8490.869},{"text":"the","start":8491.189,"end":8491.221},{"text":"Secretariat,","start":8491.221,"end":8492.071},{"text":"and","start":8492.167,"end":8492.231},{"text":"the","start":8492.247,"end":8492.327},{"text":"entire","start":8492.327,"end":8492.728},{"text":"team","start":8492.728,"end":8493.048},{"text":"at","start":8493.048,"end":8493.128},{"text":"the","start":8493.128,"end":8493.273},{"text":"Office","start":8493.273,"end":8493.609},{"text":"of","start":8493.609,"end":8493.673},{"text":"Outer","start":8493.673,"end":8493.85},{"text":"Space","start":8493.85,"end":8494.17},{"text":"Affairs","start":8494.17,"end":8494.539},{"text":"for","start":8495.035,"end":8495.148},{"text":"their","start":8495.148,"end":8495.292},{"text":"tireless","start":8495.292,"end":8495.837},{"text":"efforts","start":8495.837,"end":8496.253},{"text":"and","start":8496.253,"end":8496.398},{"text":"invaluable","start":8496.398,"end":8496.878},{"text":"guidance.","start":8496.894,"end":8497.487}]},{"text":"For All Mankind remains steadfast in its mission to preserve cultural heritage in outer space as a shared legacy of humankind.","start":8498.337,"end":8504.522,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":8498.337,"end":8498.465},{"text":"All","start":8498.497,"end":8498.593},{"text":"Mankind","start":8498.593,"end":8499.122},{"text":"remains","start":8499.122,"end":8499.394},{"text":"steadfast","start":8499.394,"end":8500.099},{"text":"in","start":8500.099,"end":8500.179},{"text":"its","start":8500.179,"end":8500.292},{"text":"mission","start":8500.34,"end":8500.66},{"text":"to","start":8500.66,"end":8500.804},{"text":"preserve","start":8500.804,"end":8501.141},{"text":"cultural","start":8501.205,"end":8501.526},{"text":"heritage","start":8501.526,"end":8501.83},{"text":"in","start":8501.862,"end":8501.91},{"text":"outer","start":8502.006,"end":8502.183},{"text":"space","start":8502.183,"end":8502.471},{"text":"as","start":8502.727,"end":8502.776},{"text":"a","start":8502.84,"end":8502.856},{"text":"shared","start":8502.904,"end":8503.224},{"text":"legacy","start":8503.224,"end":8503.673},{"text":"of","start":8503.785,"end":8503.833},{"text":"humankind.","start":8503.865,"end":8504.522}]},{"text":"Our work seeks to balance sustainable exploration with the protection of historic sites such as the Apollo, Luna, Chang'e, and Chandrayaan lunar landing sites, which mark humanity's first steps beyond Earth.","start":8505.291,"end":8517.569,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8505.291,"end":8505.388},{"text":"work","start":8505.388,"end":8505.628},{"text":"seeks","start":8505.628,"end":8505.949},{"text":"to","start":8505.949,"end":8506.045},{"text":"balance","start":8506.093,"end":8506.477},{"text":"sustainable","start":8506.509,"end":8507.054},{"text":"exploration","start":8507.134,"end":8507.839},{"text":"with","start":8508.272,"end":8508.416},{"text":"the","start":8508.416,"end":8508.496},{"text":"protection","start":8508.496,"end":8508.977},{"text":"of","start":8508.977,"end":8509.073},{"text":"historic","start":8509.073,"end":8509.57},{"text":"sites","start":8509.57,"end":8509.923},{"text":"such","start":8510.035,"end":8510.355},{"text":"as","start":8510.355,"end":8510.403},{"text":"the","start":8510.516,"end":8510.66},{"text":"Apollo,","start":8510.66,"end":8511.189},{"text":"Luna,","start":8511.477,"end":8511.878},{"text":"Chang'e,","start":8512.102,"end":8512.535},{"text":"and","start":8512.823,"end":8512.903},{"text":"Chandrayaan","start":8512.919,"end":8513.528},{"text":"lunar","start":8513.705,"end":8513.945},{"text":"landing","start":8513.945,"end":8514.25},{"text":"sites,","start":8514.619,"end":8514.846},{"text":"which","start":8515.251,"end":8515.381},{"text":"mark","start":8515.43,"end":8515.657},{"text":"humanity's","start":8515.657,"end":8516.289},{"text":"first","start":8516.289,"end":8516.483},{"text":"steps","start":8516.483,"end":8516.84},{"text":"beyond","start":8516.937,"end":8517.342},{"text":"Earth.","start":8517.342,"end":8517.569}]},{"text":"However, distinguished delegates, as you are no doubt aware, safeguarding any cultural heritage in outer space faces significant legal challenges.","start":8518.639,"end":8526.395,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":8518.639,"end":8519.077},{"text":"distinguished","start":8519.304,"end":8519.709},{"text":"delegates,","start":8519.709,"end":8520.195},{"text":"as","start":8520.341,"end":8520.406},{"text":"you","start":8520.438,"end":8520.519},{"text":"are","start":8520.519,"end":8520.617},{"text":"no","start":8520.617,"end":8520.844},{"text":"doubt","start":8520.844,"end":8521.07},{"text":"aware,","start":8521.07,"end":8521.281},{"text":"safeguarding","start":8521.95,"end":8522.434},{"text":"any","start":8522.451,"end":8522.628},{"text":"cultural","start":8522.693,"end":8523.049},{"text":"heritage","start":8523.049,"end":8523.501},{"text":"in","start":8523.501,"end":8523.55},{"text":"outer","start":8523.582,"end":8523.76},{"text":"space","start":8523.76,"end":8524.261},{"text":"faces","start":8524.487,"end":8524.811},{"text":"significant","start":8524.811,"end":8525.473},{"text":"legal","start":8525.522,"end":8525.78},{"text":"challenges.","start":8525.78,"end":8526.395}]},{"text":"Article 2 of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty prohibits national appropriation of celestial territory, thwarting any single nation's ability to protect culturally significant sites.","start":8527.235,"end":8537.465,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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space exploration accelerates, addressing these legal gaps is imperative to safeguard humanity's extraterrestrial heritage for future generations.","start":8551.823,"end":8559.98,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8551.823,"end":8551.871},{"text":"space","start":8551.904,"end":8552.289},{"text":"exploration","start":8552.289,"end":8552.931},{"text":"accelerates,","start":8552.931,"end":8553.75},{"text":"addressing","start":8553.911,"end":8554.36},{"text":"these","start":8554.392,"end":8554.521},{"text":"legal","start":8554.633,"end":8554.874},{"text":"gaps","start":8554.874,"end":8555.163},{"text":"is","start":8555.291,"end":8555.404},{"text":"imperative","start":8555.436,"end":8556.046},{"text":"to","start":8556.062,"end":8556.159},{"text":"safeguard","start":8556.159,"end":8556.769},{"text":"humanity's","start":8556.785,"end":8557.395},{"text":"extraterrestrial","start":8557.427,"end":8558.31},{"text":"heritage","start":8558.31,"end":8558.615},{"text":"for","start":8558.792,"end":8558.952},{"text":"future","start":8558.952,"end":8559.225},{"text":"generations.","start":8559.225,"end":8559.98}]},{"text":"The 2023 White Paper 19 on Cultural Heritage by the International Law Association Association aptly notes, the lack of a dedicated law to address these new challenges is becoming an issue.","start":8561.056,"end":8571.902,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8561.056,"end":8561.136},{"text":"2023","start":8561.136,"end":8562.003},{"text":"White","start":8562.019,"end":8562.196},{"text":"Paper","start":8562.244,"end":8562.453},{"text":"19","start":8562.517,"end":8563.031},{"text":"on","start":8563.223,"end":8563.272},{"text":"Cultural","start":8563.384,"end":8563.689},{"text":"Heritage","start":8563.689,"end":8564.074},{"text":"by","start":8564.187,"end":8564.267},{"text":"the","start":8564.267,"end":8564.428},{"text":"International","start":8564.428,"end":8565.054},{"text":"Law","start":8565.054,"end":8565.15},{"text":"Association","start":8565.23,"end":8567.366},{"text":"Association","start":8565.52,"end":8565.84},{"text":"aptly","start":8566.418,"end":8566.674},{"text":"notes,","start":8566.674,"end":8567.171},{"text":"the","start":8567.62,"end":8567.701},{"text":"lack","start":8567.717,"end":8567.973},{"text":"of","start":8567.973,"end":8568.118},{"text":"a","start":8568.118,"end":8568.262},{"text":"dedicated","start":8568.262,"end":8568.823},{"text":"law","start":8568.823,"end":8568.871},{"text":"to","start":8569.16,"end":8569.336},{"text":"address","start":8569.336,"end":8569.593},{"text":"these","start":8569.721,"end":8569.93},{"text":"new","start":8569.978,"end":8570.122},{"text":"challenges","start":8570.122,"end":8570.732},{"text":"is","start":8570.94,"end":8571.052},{"text":"becoming","start":8571.084,"end":8571.453},{"text":"an","start":8571.485,"end":8571.533},{"text":"issue.","start":8571.646,"end":8571.902}]},{"text":"What do we plan to do with the traces of human presence in outer space?","start":8572.672,"end":8576.569,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":8572.672,"end":8572.784},{"text":"do","start":8572.832,"end":8572.913},{"text":"we","start":8572.913,"end":8573.073},{"text":"plan","start":8573.073,"end":8573.394},{"text":"to","start":8573.394,"end":8573.49},{"text":"do","start":8573.554,"end":8573.666},{"text":"with","start":8573.971,"end":8574.131},{"text":"the","start":8574.131,"end":8574.18},{"text":"traces","start":8574.212,"end":8574.58},{"text":"of","start":8574.677,"end":8574.725},{"text":"human","start":8574.773,"end":8575.029},{"text":"presence","start":8575.094,"end":8575.655},{"text":"in","start":8575.735,"end":8575.879},{"text":"outer","start":8575.879,"end":8576.056},{"text":"space?","start":8576.056,"end":8576.569}]},{"text":"Today we are pleased to announce For All Mankind's collaboration with the University of Strathclyde's School of Law, the Center for Air and Space Law at the University of Mississippi, and the Heritage International Institute on a pioneering summer school course called Heritage, Human Rights, and Space Law.","start":8577.724,"end":8594.839,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. 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Discussions focused on ensuring that any future framework remains consistent with international law, especially non-appropriation and equitable benefit-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8611.683,"end":8611.907},{"text":"multidisciplinary","start":8611.907,"end":8612.775},{"text":"approach","start":8613.192,"end":8613.706},{"text":"is","start":8613.77,"end":8613.898},{"text":"vital","start":8613.931,"end":8614.38},{"text":"as","start":8614.557,"end":8614.621},{"text":"space","start":8614.653,"end":8614.974},{"text":"becomes","start":8614.974,"end":8615.344},{"text":"a","start":8615.44,"end":8615.456},{"text":"domain","start":8615.52,"end":8615.906},{"text":"for","start":8615.938,"end":8616.082},{"text":"habitation,","start":8616.082,"end":8616.821},{"text":"and","start":8617.126,"end":8617.238},{"text":"resource","start":8617.286,"end":8617.656},{"text":"extraction,","start":8617.72,"end":8618.475},{"text":"ensuring","start":8618.988,"end":8619.358},{"text":"that","start":8619.374,"end":8619.518},{"text":"human","start":8619.534,"end":8619.791},{"text":"rights","start":8619.791,"end":8620.048},{"text":"and","start":8620.193,"end":8620.257},{"text":"heritage","start":8620.273,"end":8620.562},{"text":"preservation","start":8620.658,"end":8621.285},{"text":"remain","start":8621.638,"end":8621.911},{"text":"integral","start":8622.039,"end":8622.408},{"text":"to","start":8622.826,"end":8622.922},{"text":"an","start":8622.922,"end":8622.97},{"text":"evolving","start":8623.003,"end":8623.372},{"text":"space","start":8623.42,"end":8623.789},{"text":"law","start":8623.789,"end":8623.886},{"text":"framework.","start":8623.902,"end":8624.432}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, For All Mankind takes grateful note of and endorses the proposal of the Republic of Poland on the preservation of lunar heritage as a new activity of the ATLAS for Peace and Sustainable Development in Outer Space.","start":8625.347,"end":8637.421,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":8625.347,"end":8625.796},{"text":"delegates,","start":8625.796,"end":8626.358},{"text":"For","start":8626.374,"end":8626.519},{"text":"All","start":8626.519,"end":8626.599},{"text":"Mankind","start":8626.631,"end":8627.097},{"text":"takes","start":8627.097,"end":8627.402},{"text":"grateful","start":8627.402,"end":8627.755},{"text":"note","start":8627.755,"end":8628.044},{"text":"of","start":8628.044,"end":8628.189},{"text":"and","start":8628.285,"end":8628.382},{"text":"endorses","start":8628.382,"end":8628.831},{"text":"the","start":8628.863,"end":8628.944},{"text":"proposal","start":8628.944,"end":8629.57},{"text":"of","start":8629.586,"end":8629.666},{"text":"the","start":8629.682,"end":8629.746},{"text":"Republic","start":8629.746,"end":8630.148},{"text":"of","start":8630.148,"end":8630.244},{"text":"Poland","start":8630.292,"end":8630.678},{"text":"on","start":8631.031,"end":8631.111},{"text":"the","start":8631.111,"end":8631.191},{"text":"preservation","start":8631.191,"end":8631.818},{"text":"of","start":8631.818,"end":8631.898},{"text":"lunar","start":8631.898,"end":8632.155},{"text":"heritage","start":8632.155,"end":8632.524},{"text":"as","start":8632.653,"end":8632.765},{"text":"a","start":8632.797,"end":8632.813},{"text":"new","start":8632.813,"end":8633.006},{"text":"activity","start":8633.102,"end":8633.536},{"text":"of","start":8633.6,"end":8633.68},{"text":"the","start":8633.68,"end":8633.809},{"text":"ATLAS","start":8633.905,"end":8634.29},{"text":"for","start":8634.708,"end":8634.868},{"text":"Peace","start":8634.868,"end":8635.077},{"text":"and","start":8635.19,"end":8635.286},{"text":"Sustainable","start":8635.286,"end":8635.912},{"text":"Development","start":8635.912,"end":8636.49},{"text":"in","start":8636.795,"end":8636.956},{"text":"Outer","start":8636.956,"end":8637.068},{"text":"Space.","start":8637.068,"end":8637.421}]},{"text":"We also commend and welcome the initial draft set of recommended principles for space Resource Activities, prepared by the Vice Chair of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities.","start":8638.256,"end":8648.175,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources-governance","label":"Space Resources Governance","description":"Delegations repeatedly addressed the need for multilateral rules on the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, including lunar activities. 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note that cultural heritage considerations remain bracketed for further discussion, and we are optimistic that meaningful dialogue will occur at these meetings.","start":8648.993,"end":8657.159,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8648.993,"end":8649.025},{"text":"note","start":8649.025,"end":8649.33},{"text":"that","start":8649.33,"end":8649.458},{"text":"cultural","start":8649.49,"end":8649.907},{"text":"heritage","start":8649.907,"end":8650.26},{"text":"considerations","start":8650.357,"end":8651.063},{"text":"remain","start":8651.079,"end":8651.319},{"text":"bracketed","start":8651.416,"end":8651.913},{"text":"for","start":8652.282,"end":8652.394},{"text":"further","start":8652.394,"end":8652.699},{"text":"discussion,","start":8652.699,"end":8653.309},{"text":"and","start":8653.726,"end":8653.79},{"text":"we","start":8653.806,"end":8653.886},{"text":"are","start":8653.902,"end":8654.063},{"text":"optimistic","start":8654.063,"end":8654.769},{"text":"that","start":8654.945,"end":8655.057},{"text":"meaningful","start":8655.089,"end":8655.507},{"text":"dialogue","start":8655.507,"end":8656.068},{"text":"will","start":8656.068,"end":8656.164},{"text":"occur","start":8656.213,"end":8656.469},{"text":"at","start":8656.469,"end":8656.565},{"text":"these","start":8656.565,"end":8656.774},{"text":"meetings.","start":8656.79,"end":8657.159}]},{"text":"While some may view cultural heritage as secondary, we believe it is foundational, not only because these vulnerable links to our shared history in space are at risk, but also because they have the potential to foster unity, mitigate conflict, and build consensus.","start":8657.913,"end":8672.805,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":8657.913,"end":8658.009},{"text":"some","start":8658.009,"end":8658.282},{"text":"may","start":8658.394,"end":8658.555},{"text":"view","start":8658.555,"end":8658.796},{"text":"cultural","start":8658.796,"end":8659.116},{"text":"heritage","start":8659.116,"end":8659.485},{"text":"as","start":8659.662,"end":8659.726},{"text":"secondary,","start":8659.758,"end":8660.368},{"text":"we","start":8660.881,"end":8661.026},{"text":"believe","start":8661.026,"end":8661.346},{"text":"it","start":8661.346,"end":8661.395},{"text":"is","start":8661.443,"end":8661.491},{"text":"foundational,","start":8661.603,"end":8662.277},{"text":"not","start":8662.951,"end":8663.191},{"text":"only","start":8663.191,"end":8663.432},{"text":"because","start":8663.432,"end":8663.737},{"text":"these","start":8663.769,"end":8663.897},{"text":"vulnerable","start":8664.01,"end":8664.395},{"text":"links","start":8664.395,"end":8664.716},{"text":"to","start":8664.716,"end":8664.828},{"text":"our","start":8664.828,"end":8664.892},{"text":"shared","start":8664.892,"end":8665.261},{"text":"history","start":8665.277,"end":8665.662},{"text":"in","start":8665.758,"end":8665.823},{"text":"space","start":8665.855,"end":8666.127},{"text":"are","start":8666.256,"end":8666.416},{"text":"at","start":8666.416,"end":8666.561},{"text":"risk,","start":8666.561,"end":8666.897},{"text":"but","start":8667.363,"end":8667.443},{"text":"also","start":8667.459,"end":8667.716},{"text":"because","start":8667.764,"end":8668.069},{"text":"they","start":8668.085,"end":8668.149},{"text":"have","start":8668.165,"end":8668.309},{"text":"the","start":8668.325,"end":8668.534},{"text":"potential","start":8668.39,"end":8668.791},{"text":"to","start":8668.887,"end":8668.935},{"text":"foster","start":8668.984,"end":8669.594},{"text":"unity,","start":8669.61,"end":8669.915},{"text":"mitigate","start":8670.493,"end":8670.975},{"text":"conflict,","start":8670.975,"end":8671.649},{"text":"and","start":8671.794,"end":8671.858},{"text":"build","start":8671.954,"end":8672.163},{"text":"consensus.","start":8672.195,"end":8672.805}]},{"text":"Recognizing the legal complexities, our team is actively conducting comprehensive legal research to develop effective strategies for implementing Article 1 while ensuring robust protections for cultural heritage in space.","start":8673.704,"end":8686.533,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Recognizing","start":8673.704,"end":8674.411},{"text":"the","start":8674.507,"end":8674.587},{"text":"legal","start":8674.587,"end":8674.796},{"text":"complexities,","start":8674.844,"end":8675.535},{"text":"our","start":8675.792,"end":8675.888},{"text":"team","start":8675.888,"end":8676.145},{"text":"is","start":8676.193,"end":8676.257},{"text":"actively","start":8676.434,"end":8676.9},{"text":"conducting","start":8676.932,"end":8677.461},{"text":"comprehensive","start":8677.558,"end":8678.232},{"text":"legal","start":8678.232,"end":8678.521},{"text":"research","start":8678.521,"end":8678.971},{"text":"to","start":8679.485,"end":8679.581},{"text":"develop","start":8679.581,"end":8680.047},{"text":"effective","start":8680.047,"end":8680.464},{"text":"strategies","start":8680.464,"end":8681.074},{"text":"for","start":8681.187,"end":8681.347},{"text":"implementing","start":8681.347,"end":8681.861},{"text":"Article","start":8681.973,"end":8682.295},{"text":"1","start":8682.375,"end":8682.616},{"text":"while","start":8683.097,"end":8683.274},{"text":"ensuring","start":8683.274,"end":8683.724},{"text":"robust","start":8683.82,"end":8684.398},{"text":"protections","start":8684.398,"end":8685.008},{"text":"for","start":8685.104,"end":8685.265},{"text":"cultural","start":8685.265,"end":8685.618},{"text":"heritage","start":8685.618,"end":8686.068},{"text":"in","start":8686.084,"end":8686.228},{"text":"space.","start":8686.228,"end":8686.533}]},{"text":"Moreover, by establishing a framework to safeguard cultural heritage, we believe it can serve as a model for protecting operational and scientific sites, enhancing the broader preservation of space assets.","start":8687.529,"end":8699.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":8687.529,"end":8688.107},{"text":"by","start":8688.252,"end":8688.412},{"text":"establishing","start":8688.412,"end":8689.183},{"text":"a","start":8689.279,"end":8689.295},{"text":"framework","start":8689.295,"end":8690.002},{"text":"to","start":8690.002,"end":8690.098},{"text":"safeguard","start":8690.098,"end":8690.66},{"text":"cultural","start":8690.66,"end":8691.045},{"text":"heritage,","start":8691.045,"end":8691.591},{"text":"we","start":8692.009,"end":8692.105},{"text":"believe","start":8692.105,"end":8692.41},{"text":"it","start":8692.41,"end":8692.474},{"text":"can","start":8692.49,"end":8692.667},{"text":"serve","start":8692.667,"end":8693.052},{"text":"as","start":8693.052,"end":8693.117},{"text":"a","start":8693.213,"end":8693.245},{"text":"model","start":8693.245,"end":8693.582},{"text":"for","start":8693.63,"end":8693.887},{"text":"protecting","start":8693.92,"end":8694.24},{"text":"operational","start":8694.416,"end":8695.01},{"text":"and","start":8695.058,"end":8695.138},{"text":"scientific","start":8695.154,"end":8695.699},{"text":"sites,","start":8695.699,"end":8696.244},{"text":"enhancing","start":8696.661,"end":8697.126},{"text":"the","start":8697.222,"end":8697.318},{"text":"broader","start":8697.318,"end":8697.639},{"text":"preservation","start":8697.639,"end":8698.328},{"text":"of","start":8698.44,"end":8698.504},{"text":"space","start":8698.52,"end":8698.873},{"text":"assets.","start":8698.905,"end":8699.29}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, one of the artifacts left on the Moon is a disc which contains messages of peace from more than 50 nations.","start":8700.284,"end":8706.504,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. 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towards ensuring the success of the Legal 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distinguished delegates are aware, the space industry has recently seen enormous growth.","start":9138.51,"end":9144.021,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9138.51,"end":9138.575},{"text":"distinguished","start":9138.591,"end":9139.255},{"text":"delegates","start":9139.255,"end":9139.805},{"text":"are","start":9139.805,"end":9139.87},{"text":"aware,","start":9139.87,"end":9140.244},{"text":"the","start":9140.781,"end":9140.863},{"text":"space","start":9140.863,"end":9141.188},{"text":"industry","start":9141.286,"end":9141.661},{"text":"has","start":9141.758,"end":9141.905},{"text":"recently","start":9142.344,"end":9142.8},{"text":"seen","start":9142.833,"end":9143.126},{"text":"enormous","start":9143.158,"end":9143.728},{"text":"growth.","start":9143.728,"end":9144.021}]},{"text":"As the market diversifies, space ventures, in particular those involving startups and small and medium-sized enterprises, need more private 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the recently adopted Mining, Agriculture and Construction Equipment Protocol has already been signed by 5 states and the European Union and received its first ratification by Paraguay in November 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we wish the subcommittee every success in its deliberations.","start":9422.216,"end":9426.222,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9422.216,"end":9422.36},{"text":"we","start":9422.553,"end":9422.65},{"text":"wish","start":9422.65,"end":9423.133},{"text":"the","start":9423.277,"end":9423.358},{"text":"subcommittee","start":9423.358,"end":9424.146},{"text":"every","start":9424.227,"end":9424.42},{"text":"success","start":9424.42,"end":9425.079},{"text":"in","start":9425.273,"end":9425.385},{"text":"its","start":9425.385,"end":9425.466},{"text":"deliberations.","start":9425.514,"end":9426.222}]},{"text":"Thank you for your 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a permanent observer into COPUAS since 2001, the NSS deeply values the opportunity to participate in this important 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are here to listen, learn, and contribute constructively.","start":9699.566,"end":9702.938,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9699.566,"end":9699.727},{"text":"are","start":9699.727,"end":9699.791},{"text":"here","start":9699.791,"end":9700.032},{"text":"to","start":9700.032,"end":9700.144},{"text":"listen,","start":9700.192,"end":9700.578},{"text":"learn,","start":9700.915,"end":9701.14},{"text":"and","start":9701.413,"end":9701.477},{"text":"contribute","start":9701.573,"end":9702.199},{"text":"constructively.","start":9702.199,"end":9702.938}]},{"text":"In that spirit, we welcome input from member states on how non-governmental organizations like NSS can best support your work.","start":9703.564,"end":9711.994,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9703.564,"end":9703.612},{"text":"that","start":9703.644,"end":9703.821},{"text":"spirit,","start":9703.821,"end":9704.897},{"text":"we","start":9705.427,"end":9705.571},{"text":"welcome","start":9705.571,"end":9705.844},{"text":"input","start":9705.908,"end":9706.374},{"text":"from","start":9706.374,"end":9706.519},{"text":"member","start":9706.551,"end":9706.856},{"text":"states","start":9706.856,"end":9707.386},{"text":"on","start":9707.418,"end":9707.482},{"text":"how","start":9707.514,"end":9707.707},{"text":"non-governmental","start":9707.755,"end":9708.542},{"text":"organizations","start":9708.622,"end":9709.328},{"text":"like","start":9709.361,"end":9709.666},{"text":"NSS","start":9709.666,"end":9710.115},{"text":"can","start":9710.485,"end":9710.645},{"text":"best","start":9710.645,"end":9710.95},{"text":"support","start":9710.95,"end":9711.432},{"text":"your","start":9711.432,"end":9711.689},{"text":"work.","start":9711.689,"end":9711.994}]},{"text":"In particular, we invite your thoughts on 3 to 5 most pressing legal questions that, if addressed, would most effectively advance your national space initiatives and contribute to the global progress in space governance.","start":9712.749,"end":9726.519,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9712.749,"end":9712.877},{"text":"particular,","start":9712.877,"end":9713.455},{"text":"we","start":9713.856,"end":9714.017},{"text":"invite","start":9714.017,"end":9714.418},{"text":"your","start":9714.418,"end":9714.579},{"text":"thoughts","start":9714.579,"end":9715.141},{"text":"on","start":9715.847,"end":9715.992},{"text":"3","start":9716.104,"end":9716.361},{"text":"to","start":9716.49,"end":9716.554},{"text":"5","start":9716.586,"end":9716.987},{"text":"most","start":9716.987,"end":9717.228},{"text":"pressing","start":9717.228,"end":9717.678},{"text":"legal","start":9717.726,"end":9717.999},{"text":"questions","start":9718.095,"end":9718.641},{"text":"that,","start":9718.673,"end":9718.914},{"text":"if","start":9718.978,"end":9719.091},{"text":"addressed,","start":9719.139,"end":9719.717},{"text":"would","start":9719.958,"end":9720.086},{"text":"most","start":9720.119,"end":9720.504},{"text":"effectively","start":9720.504,"end":9721.13},{"text":"advance","start":9721.408,"end":9721.765},{"text":"your","start":9721.813,"end":9721.975},{"text":"national","start":9721.975,"end":9722.365},{"text":"space","start":9722.381,"end":9722.657},{"text":"initiatives","start":9722.722,"end":9723.241},{"text":"and","start":9723.679,"end":9723.744},{"text":"contribute","start":9723.825,"end":9724.344},{"text":"to","start":9724.344,"end":9724.425},{"text":"the","start":9724.425,"end":9724.555},{"text":"global","start":9724.555,"end":9724.864},{"text":"progress","start":9724.896,"end":9725.545},{"text":"in","start":9725.626,"end":9725.691},{"text":"space","start":9725.691,"end":9726.032},{"text":"governance.","start":9726.032,"end":9726.519}]},{"text":"We thank the Secretariat for its excellent support and look forward to continued collaboration with all 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Chair.","start":9733.693,"end":9734.132,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9733.693,"end":9733.872},{"text":"you,","start":9733.872,"end":9733.937},{"text":"Chair.","start":9733.953,"end":9734.132}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"NSS","affiliation_full":"NSS","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":9740.96,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=9741","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of National Space Society for his statement.","start":9740.96,"end":9746.445,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9740.96,"end":9741.04},{"text":"would","start":9741.04,"end":9741.153},{"text":"like","start":9741.153,"end":9741.298},{"text":"to","start":9741.298,"end":9741.428},{"text":"thank","start":9741.444,"end":9741.686},{"text":"the","start":9741.686,"end":9741.766},{"text":"distinguished","start":9741.766,"end":9742.17},{"text":"representative","start":9742.17,"end":9742.96},{"text":"of","start":9744.219,"end":9744.364},{"text":"National","start":9744.364,"end":9744.751},{"text":"Space","start":9744.751,"end":9745.09},{"text":"Society","start":9745.09,"end":9745.703},{"text":"for","start":9745.8,"end":9746.042},{"text":"his","start":9746.042,"end":9746.106},{"text":"statement.","start":9746.155,"end":9746.445}]},{"text":"At the request of the distinguished delegate of Ukraine, we will continue and hopefully conclude our consideration of agenda item 4, information on the activities of international, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizations relating to space law tomorrow morning.","start":9753.769,"end":9771.298,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":9753.769,"end":9753.915},{"text":"the","start":9753.915,"end":9753.995},{"text":"request","start":9753.995,"end":9754.512},{"text":"of","start":9755.157,"end":9755.27},{"text":"the","start":9755.302,"end":9755.383},{"text":"distinguished","start":9755.383,"end":9755.932},{"text":"delegate","start":9755.932,"end":9756.27},{"text":"of","start":9756.27,"end":9756.416},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":9756.416,"end":9756.803},{"text":"we","start":9759,"end":9759.096},{"text":"will","start":9759.096,"end":9759.193},{"text":"continue","start":9759.193,"end":9759.725},{"text":"and","start":9759.919,"end":9760.145},{"text":"hopefully","start":9760.145,"end":9760.467},{"text":"conclude","start":9760.467,"end":9760.822},{"text":"our","start":9760.822,"end":9760.887},{"text":"consideration","start":9760.887,"end":9761.451},{"text":"of","start":9761.451,"end":9761.532},{"text":"agenda","start":9761.532,"end":9761.855},{"text":"item","start":9761.919,"end":9762.242},{"text":"4,","start":9762.242,"end":9762.451},{"text":"information","start":9762.661,"end":9763.226},{"text":"on","start":9763.226,"end":9763.306},{"text":"the","start":9763.306,"end":9763.452},{"text":"activities","start":9763.452,"end":9764},{"text":"of","start":9764.113,"end":9764.21},{"text":"international,","start":9764.258,"end":9765.065},{"text":"intergovernmental,","start":9765.161,"end":9766.065},{"text":"and","start":9766.194,"end":9766.339},{"text":"non-governmental","start":9766.42,"end":9767.33},{"text":"organizations","start":9767.33,"end":9768.29},{"text":"relating","start":9768.875,"end":9769.347},{"text":"to","start":9769.461,"end":9769.623},{"text":"space","start":9769.623,"end":9770.144},{"text":"law","start":9770.176,"end":9770.371},{"text":"tomorrow","start":9770.42,"end":9770.859},{"text":"morning.","start":9770.924,"end":9771.298}]},{"text":"Once again, we expect to conclude that at our next session.","start":9772.913,"end":9777.627,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Once","start":9772.913,"end":9773.107},{"text":"again,","start":9773.107,"end":9773.3},{"text":"we","start":9773.413,"end":9773.494},{"text":"expect","start":9773.494,"end":9774.237},{"text":"to","start":9774.931,"end":9775.125},{"text":"conclude","start":9776.384,"end":9776.723},{"text":"that","start":9776.723,"end":9776.965},{"text":"at","start":9776.965,"end":9777.046},{"text":"our","start":9777.046,"end":9777.126},{"text":"next","start":9777.126,"end":9777.417},{"text":"session.","start":9777.417,"end":9777.627}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I would now like to begin our consideration of Agenda Item 5, Status and Application of the 5 United Nations Treaties on Outer Space and Ways and Means including capacity building to promote their 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now turn to the list of speakers, and the first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Kenya, speaking on behalf of the G77 and 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have the floor.","start":9818.073,"end":9818.653,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":9818.073,"end":9818.202},{"text":"have","start":9818.218,"end":9818.363},{"text":"the","start":9818.395,"end":9818.443},{"text":"floor.","start":9818.475,"end":9818.653}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":56,"start":9821.538,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=9822","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":9821.538,"end":9822.137,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9821.538,"end":9821.781},{"text":"you,","start":9821.781,"end":9821.846},{"text":"Chair.","start":9821.878,"end":9822.137}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"The Group of 77 and China is of the view that a wide adherence and membership to the United Nations treaties contributes to securing a safe, secure, and sustainable atmosphere for the development of outer space activities and enhancing the effectiveness of COPAS as the main body for discussing and negotiating international space law.","start":9822.753,"end":9843.949,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9822.753,"end":9822.834},{"text":"Group","start":9822.834,"end":9823.159},{"text":"of","start":9823.159,"end":9823.191},{"text":"77","start":9823.191,"end":9823.872},{"text":"and","start":9823.904,"end":9824.034},{"text":"China","start":9824.131,"end":9824.471},{"text":"is","start":9824.633,"end":9824.779},{"text":"of","start":9824.779,"end":9824.893},{"text":"the","start":9824.893,"end":9825.039},{"text":"view","start":9825.039,"end":9825.249},{"text":"that","start":9825.282,"end":9825.59},{"text":"a","start":9825.606,"end":9825.752},{"text":"wide","start":9825.752,"end":9826.027},{"text":"adherence","start":9826.092,"end":9826.708},{"text":"and","start":9826.821,"end":9826.951},{"text":"membership","start":9826.984,"end":9827.162},{"text":"to","start":9827.178,"end":9827.227},{"text":"the","start":9827.227,"end":9827.275},{"text":"United","start":9827.275,"end":9827.437},{"text":"Nations","start":9827.47,"end":9827.599},{"text":"treaties","start":9829.088,"end":9829.473},{"text":"contributes","start":9829.649,"end":9830.195},{"text":"to","start":9830.291,"end":9830.387},{"text":"securing","start":9830.387,"end":9830.917},{"text":"a","start":9831.094,"end":9831.11},{"text":"safe,","start":9831.126,"end":9831.527},{"text":"secure,","start":9831.928,"end":9832.458},{"text":"and","start":9832.538,"end":9832.634},{"text":"sustainable","start":9832.634,"end":9833.421},{"text":"atmosphere","start":9833.421,"end":9834.031},{"text":"for","start":9834.079,"end":9834.255},{"text":"the","start":9834.255,"end":9834.336},{"text":"development","start":9834.336,"end":9835.106},{"text":"of","start":9835.106,"end":9835.25},{"text":"outer","start":9835.668,"end":9835.86},{"text":"space","start":9835.86,"end":9836.229},{"text":"activities","start":9836.229,"end":9836.936},{"text":"and","start":9837.112,"end":9837.273},{"text":"enhancing","start":9837.273,"end":9837.898},{"text":"the","start":9837.931,"end":9838.027},{"text":"effectiveness","start":9838.027,"end":9838.797},{"text":"of","start":9838.797,"end":9838.942},{"text":"COPAS","start":9838.958,"end":9839.263},{"text":"as","start":9839.6,"end":9839.664},{"text":"the","start":9839.76,"end":9839.84},{"text":"main","start":9839.84,"end":9840.145},{"text":"body","start":9840.258,"end":9840.514},{"text":"for","start":9840.98,"end":9841.14},{"text":"discussing","start":9841.14,"end":9841.734},{"text":"and","start":9841.927,"end":9842.007},{"text":"negotiating","start":9842.087,"end":9842.729},{"text":"international","start":9842.826,"end":9843.387},{"text":"space","start":9843.387,"end":9843.821},{"text":"law.","start":9843.853,"end":9843.949}]},{"text":"We therefore note with appreciation the growing number of parties to the UN treaties on outer space and encourage those states that have not yet become parties to them to consider doing so.","start":9844.591,"end":9854.943,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9844.591,"end":9844.751},{"text":"therefore","start":9844.751,"end":9845.104},{"text":"note","start":9845.104,"end":9845.474},{"text":"with","start":9845.474,"end":9845.65},{"text":"appreciation","start":9845.65,"end":9846.485},{"text":"the","start":9846.517,"end":9846.597},{"text":"growing","start":9846.597,"end":9846.87},{"text":"number","start":9846.918,"end":9847.127},{"text":"of","start":9847.159,"end":9847.367},{"text":"parties","start":9847.4,"end":9847.849},{"text":"to","start":9847.881,"end":9848.025},{"text":"the","start":9848.041,"end":9848.186},{"text":"UN","start":9848.186,"end":9848.395},{"text":"treaties","start":9848.507,"end":9848.892},{"text":"on","start":9849.39,"end":9849.454},{"text":"outer","start":9849.55,"end":9849.743},{"text":"space","start":9849.743,"end":9850.24},{"text":"and","start":9850.288,"end":9850.449},{"text":"encourage","start":9850.449,"end":9850.914},{"text":"those","start":9850.93,"end":9851.075},{"text":"states","start":9851.075,"end":9851.492},{"text":"that","start":9851.492,"end":9851.717},{"text":"have","start":9851.717,"end":9851.893},{"text":"not","start":9851.893,"end":9852.134},{"text":"yet","start":9852.134,"end":9852.375},{"text":"become","start":9852.375,"end":9852.583},{"text":"parties","start":9852.76,"end":9853.065},{"text":"to","start":9853.161,"end":9853.322},{"text":"them","start":9853.338,"end":9853.514},{"text":"to","start":9853.964,"end":9854.028},{"text":"consider","start":9854.044,"end":9854.638},{"text":"doing","start":9854.59,"end":9854.67},{"text":"so.","start":9854.782,"end":9854.943}]},{"text":"Considering the growing number of space actors and entities and the benefits derived from the space science, technology, and their applications, including the economic relevance of space tools, the conduct of such activities by states, intergovernmental, and non-governmental entities continues to expand.","start":9855.729,"end":9873.175,"topics":[{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9873.721,"end":9873.769},{"text":"this","start":9873.882,"end":9874.01},{"text":"regard,","start":9874.106,"end":9874.572},{"text":"the","start":9874.845,"end":9874.925},{"text":"group","start":9875.005,"end":9875.262},{"text":"is","start":9875.262,"end":9875.374},{"text":"of","start":9875.406,"end":9875.503},{"text":"the","start":9875.551,"end":9875.711},{"text":"view","start":9875.711,"end":9875.904},{"text":"that","start":9876.209,"end":9876.514},{"text":"any","start":9876.514,"end":9876.738},{"text":"action","start":9876.835,"end":9877.172},{"text":"by","start":9877.252,"end":9877.348},{"text":"space","start":9877.348,"end":9877.846},{"text":"actors","start":9877.958,"end":9878.263},{"text":"and","start":9878.295,"end":9878.408},{"text":"entities","start":9878.52,"end":9878.905},{"text":"should","start":9879.323,"end":9879.451},{"text":"conform","start":9879.499,"end":9880.061},{"text":"to","start":9880.061,"end":9880.173},{"text":"applicable","start":9880.368,"end":9880.907},{"text":"international","start":9881.12,"end":9881.708},{"text":"space","start":9881.708,"end":9882.133},{"text":"law.","start":9882.329,"end":9882.362}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":9882.902,"end":9883.343,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9882.902,"end":9882.918},{"text":"thank","start":9882.918,"end":9883.31},{"text":"you.","start":9883.31,"end":9883.343}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"KEN","affiliation_full":"Kenya","group":"G77 + China","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":57,"start":9889.49,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=9890","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I'd like to thank the distinguished representative of Kenya for her statement on behalf of the G77 and China.","start":9889.49,"end":9896.023,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":9889.49,"end":9889.602},{"text":"like","start":9889.667,"end":9889.763},{"text":"to","start":9889.763,"end":9889.908},{"text":"thank","start":9889.908,"end":9890.085},{"text":"the","start":9890.085,"end":9890.117},{"text":"distinguished","start":9890.117,"end":9890.552},{"text":"representative","start":9890.552,"end":9891.211},{"text":"of","start":9891.211,"end":9891.34},{"text":"Kenya","start":9891.356,"end":9891.855},{"text":"for","start":9892.805,"end":9892.982},{"text":"her","start":9892.982,"end":9893.078},{"text":"statement","start":9893.078,"end":9893.706},{"text":"on","start":9893.706,"end":9893.931},{"text":"behalf","start":9893.931,"end":9894.35},{"text":"of","start":9894.35,"end":9894.478},{"text":"the","start":9894.494,"end":9894.575},{"text":"G77","start":9894.575,"end":9895.396},{"text":"and","start":9895.396,"end":9895.46},{"text":"China.","start":9895.54,"end":9896.023}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Canada.","start":9898.307,"end":9903.414,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9898.307,"end":9898.403},{"text":"following","start":9898.403,"end":9898.79},{"text":"speaker","start":9898.79,"end":9899.177},{"text":"on","start":9899.193,"end":9899.29},{"text":"my","start":9899.29,"end":9899.451},{"text":"list","start":9899.451,"end":9899.837},{"text":"is","start":9900.724,"end":9900.788},{"text":"the","start":9900.901,"end":9900.998},{"text":"distinguished","start":9900.998,"end":9901.4},{"text":"representative","start":9901.4,"end":9902.077},{"text":"of","start":9902.834,"end":9902.931},{"text":"Canada.","start":9902.996,"end":9903.414}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":58,"start":9907.919,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=9908","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, there has been a phenomenal increase of space objects being placed into Earth orbit over the last decade.","start":9907.919,"end":9915.835,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":9907.919,"end":9908.24},{"text":"distinguished","start":9908.481,"end":9908.882},{"text":"delegates,","start":9908.882,"end":9909.38},{"text":"there","start":9910.392,"end":9910.472},{"text":"has","start":9910.472,"end":9910.536},{"text":"been","start":9910.633,"end":9910.729},{"text":"a","start":9910.729,"end":9910.809},{"text":"phenomenal","start":9910.809,"end":9911.467},{"text":"increase","start":9911.532,"end":9911.981},{"text":"of","start":9912.174,"end":9912.302},{"text":"space","start":9912.318,"end":9912.64},{"text":"objects","start":9912.64,"end":9912.945},{"text":"being","start":9913.041,"end":9913.186},{"text":"placed","start":9913.218,"end":9913.78},{"text":"into","start":9914.165,"end":9914.422},{"text":"Earth","start":9914.422,"end":9914.582},{"text":"orbit","start":9914.663,"end":9914.888},{"text":"over","start":9914.888,"end":9914.984},{"text":"the","start":9914.984,"end":9915.08},{"text":"last","start":9915.128,"end":9915.385},{"text":"decade.","start":9915.385,"end":9915.835}]},{"text":"This increase has led to a corresponding increase in launches and space objects being deorbited.","start":9916.67,"end":9922.755,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9916.67,"end":9916.798},{"text":"increase","start":9916.895,"end":9917.296},{"text":"has","start":9917.296,"end":9917.441},{"text":"led","start":9917.457,"end":9917.633},{"text":"to","start":9917.633,"end":9917.794},{"text":"a","start":9917.794,"end":9917.938},{"text":"corresponding","start":9917.938,"end":9918.645},{"text":"increase","start":9918.918,"end":9919.512},{"text":"in","start":9919.945,"end":9919.994},{"text":"launches","start":9920.042,"end":9920.411},{"text":"and","start":9920.604,"end":9920.668},{"text":"space","start":9920.7,"end":9921.085},{"text":"objects","start":9921.15,"end":9921.439},{"text":"being","start":9921.647,"end":9921.856},{"text":"deorbited.","start":9922.209,"end":9922.755}]},{"text":"While reentering space objects that survive to reach the surface of the Earth are still quite rare, this trend is on the rise.","start":9923.719,"end":9930.366,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10049.25,"end":10049.298},{"text":"these","start":10049.395,"end":10049.539},{"text":"instances,","start":10049.572,"end":10050.102},{"text":"Canada","start":10050.455,"end":10050.857},{"text":"has","start":10050.857,"end":10051.065},{"text":"carefully","start":10051.403,"end":10051.868},{"text":"and","start":10052.061,"end":10052.19},{"text":"faithfully","start":10052.222,"end":10052.752},{"text":"implemented","start":10052.945,"end":10053.507},{"text":"the","start":10053.571,"end":10053.651},{"text":"obligations","start":10053.732,"end":10054.358},{"text":"in","start":10054.471,"end":10054.519},{"text":"the","start":10054.551,"end":10054.631},{"text":"Rescue","start":10054.631,"end":10054.953},{"text":"and","start":10054.953,"end":10055.097},{"text":"Return","start":10055.097,"end":10055.322},{"text":"Agreement.","start":10055.354,"end":10055.756}]},{"text":"Canada has notified the launching authority and the UN Secretary General of the discovery of the space object or its component parts.","start":10057.041,"end":10063.788,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Canada","start":10064.752,"end":10065.057},{"text":"has","start":10065.057,"end":10065.202},{"text":"offered","start":10065.379,"end":10065.62},{"text":"to","start":10065.62,"end":10065.909},{"text":"recover","start":10065.957,"end":10066.536},{"text":"and","start":10066.664,"end":10066.905},{"text":"return","start":10066.905,"end":10067.596},{"text":"the","start":10067.725,"end":10067.805},{"text":"space","start":10067.805,"end":10068.191},{"text":"object","start":10068.207,"end":10068.544},{"text":"or","start":10068.544,"end":10068.608},{"text":"its","start":10068.608,"end":10068.753},{"text":"component","start":10068.753,"end":10069.09},{"text":"parts","start":10069.09,"end":10069.685},{"text":"to","start":10069.722,"end":10069.819},{"text":"the","start":10069.819,"end":10069.901},{"text":"launching","start":10069.901,"end":10070.194},{"text":"authority,","start":10070.227,"end":10070.683},{"text":"and","start":10071.513,"end":10071.758},{"text":"when","start":10071.758,"end":10071.823},{"text":"requested,","start":10071.921,"end":10072.523},{"text":"has","start":10072.833,"end":10073.012},{"text":"in","start":10073.012,"end":10073.094},{"text":"fact","start":10073.159,"end":10073.468},{"text":"returned","start":10073.468,"end":10073.81},{"text":"those","start":10073.81,"end":10074.022},{"text":"component","start":10074.055,"end":10074.446},{"text":"parts.","start":10074.446,"end":10074.788}]},{"text":"Canada would be pleased to share more details regarding the steps it has taken to fulfill these obligations with any delegation that is interested.","start":10076.034,"end":10083.343,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Canada","start":10076.034,"end":10076.357},{"text":"would","start":10076.357,"end":10076.518},{"text":"be","start":10076.518,"end":10076.663},{"text":"pleased","start":10076.663,"end":10076.905},{"text":"to","start":10076.905,"end":10076.986},{"text":"share","start":10076.986,"end":10077.147},{"text":"more","start":10077.147,"end":10077.438},{"text":"details","start":10077.47,"end":10077.938},{"text":"regarding","start":10078.196,"end":10078.583},{"text":"the","start":10078.616,"end":10078.648},{"text":"steps","start":10078.696,"end":10079.116},{"text":"it","start":10079.116,"end":10079.196},{"text":"has","start":10079.196,"end":10079.309},{"text":"taken","start":10079.342,"end":10079.68},{"text":"to","start":10079.729,"end":10079.81},{"text":"fulfill","start":10079.81,"end":10080.1},{"text":"these","start":10080.148,"end":10080.277},{"text":"obligations","start":10080.374,"end":10080.923},{"text":"with","start":10081.439,"end":10081.504},{"text":"any","start":10081.665,"end":10081.81},{"text":"delegation","start":10081.826,"end":10082.375},{"text":"that","start":10082.585,"end":10082.73},{"text":"is","start":10082.73,"end":10082.827},{"text":"interested.","start":10082.875,"end":10083.343}]},{"text":"Canada would equally be interested to learn more about how other states have handled these situations and how those states have implemented the obligations under the Rescue and Return Agreement.","start":10084.828,"end":10094.623,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10120.862,"end":10120.926},{"text":"might","start":10120.926,"end":10121.151},{"text":"be","start":10121.151,"end":10121.231},{"text":"advisable","start":10121.231,"end":10121.697},{"text":"to","start":10121.729,"end":10121.825},{"text":"compile","start":10121.825,"end":10122.146},{"text":"an","start":10122.146,"end":10122.194},{"text":"inventory","start":10122.355,"end":10122.933},{"text":"of","start":10122.933,"end":10123.013},{"text":"these","start":10123.013,"end":10123.142},{"text":"instances","start":10123.254,"end":10123.784},{"text":"to","start":10123.896,"end":10124.057},{"text":"evaluate","start":10124.057,"end":10124.699},{"text":"the","start":10124.699,"end":10124.731},{"text":"situation.","start":10124.779,"end":10125.374}]},{"text":"Indeed, there is a great deal of public interest and at times anxiety over reentries of space objects, and particularly in cases where component parts reach the surface of the A review or study of this trend might assist in reassuring the public and maintaining its confidence in and support for the peaceful exploration and use of outer space.","start":10126.385,"end":10148.077,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":10126.385,"end":10126.754},{"text":"there","start":10126.851,"end":10126.963},{"text":"is","start":10126.963,"end":10127.076},{"text":"a","start":10127.124,"end":10127.172},{"text":"great","start":10127.172,"end":10127.589},{"text":"deal","start":10127.589,"end":10127.766},{"text":"of","start":10127.814,"end":10127.878},{"text":"public","start":10127.975,"end":10128.408},{"text":"interest","start":10128.408,"end":10128.97},{"text":"and","start":10129.099,"end":10129.211},{"text":"at","start":10129.211,"end":10129.34},{"text":"times","start":10129.34,"end":10129.677},{"text":"anxiety","start":10129.821,"end":10130.528},{"text":"over","start":10131.363,"end":10131.668},{"text":"reentries","start":10131.828,"end":10132.262},{"text":"of","start":10132.262,"end":10132.342},{"text":"space","start":10132.342,"end":10132.711},{"text":"objects,","start":10132.711,"end":10133.129},{"text":"and","start":10133.289,"end":10133.354},{"text":"particularly","start":10133.434,"end":10134.06},{"text":"in","start":10134.173,"end":10134.221},{"text":"cases","start":10134.317,"end":10134.622},{"text":"where","start":10134.654,"end":10134.767},{"text":"component","start":10134.815,"end":10135.216},{"text":"parts","start":10135.216,"end":10135.505},{"text":"reach","start":10135.778,"end":10136.083},{"text":"the","start":10136.083,"end":10136.18},{"text":"surface","start":10136.18,"end":10136.469},{"text":"of","start":10136.565,"end":10136.629},{"text":"the","start":10136.645,"end":10136.966},{"text":"A","start":10138.104,"end":10138.12},{"text":"review","start":10138.12,"end":10138.411},{"text":"or","start":10138.46,"end":10138.54},{"text":"study","start":10138.54,"end":10138.847},{"text":"of","start":10138.847,"end":10138.928},{"text":"this","start":10138.928,"end":10139.041},{"text":"trend","start":10139.09,"end":10139.364},{"text":"might","start":10139.396,"end":10139.526},{"text":"assist","start":10139.574,"end":10139.978},{"text":"in","start":10139.978,"end":10140.026},{"text":"reassuring","start":10140.204,"end":10140.753},{"text":"the","start":10140.866,"end":10140.947},{"text":"public","start":10141.012,"end":10141.529},{"text":"and","start":10142.223,"end":10142.369},{"text":"maintaining","start":10142.401,"end":10142.853},{"text":"its","start":10142.902,"end":10143.112},{"text":"confidence","start":10143.112,"end":10143.483},{"text":"in","start":10143.677,"end":10143.806},{"text":"and","start":10144.081,"end":10144.226},{"text":"support","start":10144.275,"end":10144.889},{"text":"for","start":10144.889,"end":10145.099},{"text":"the","start":10145.713,"end":10145.793},{"text":"peaceful","start":10145.793,"end":10146.149},{"text":"exploration","start":10146.262,"end":10146.751},{"text":"and","start":10146.751,"end":10146.853},{"text":"use","start":10146.853,"end":10147.074},{"text":"of","start":10147.346,"end":10147.38},{"text":"outer","start":10147.38,"end":10147.686},{"text":"space.","start":10147.686,"end":10148.077}]},{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, while there have been many instances of a space object or its component parts re-entering the atmosphere and reaching the Earth's surface, we have thankfully not witnessed damage to persons or property similar to or greater than the Cosmos 954 crash.","start":10149.946,"end":10164.162,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. 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Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris and Long-Term Sustainability","description":"Space debris mitigation and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities were central concerns across the debate. Speakers referred to debris standards, large constellations, remediation efforts, and the need to prevent harmful congestion in orbit."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10504.602,"end":10504.858},{"text":"underscored","start":10504.874,"end":10505.515},{"text":"the","start":10505.515,"end":10505.596},{"text":"importance","start":10505.596,"end":10506.173},{"text":"of","start":10506.173,"end":10506.333},{"text":"the","start":10506.333,"end":10506.365},{"text":"5","start":10506.413,"end":10506.846},{"text":"UN","start":10506.878,"end":10507.15},{"text":"treaties","start":10507.215,"end":10507.583},{"text":"on","start":10507.679,"end":10507.84},{"text":"outer","start":10507.84,"end":10508.032},{"text":"space,","start":10508.032,"end":10508.449},{"text":"including","start":10508.898,"end":10509.347},{"text":"the","start":10509.379,"end":10509.523},{"text":"Long-Term","start":10509.523,"end":10510.084},{"text":"Sustainability","start":10510.084,"end":10510.87},{"text":"Guidelines","start":10510.902,"end":10511.351},{"text":"and","start":10511.928,"end":10512.024},{"text":"Space","start":10512.024,"end":10512.505},{"text":"Debris","start":10512.505,"end":10512.905},{"text":"Mitigation","start":10513.05,"end":10513.595},{"text":"Guidelines.","start":10513.611,"end":10514.076}]},{"text":"Therefore, following the full enforcement of Malaysia Spaceport Act 2022 and the Malaysia Spaceport Regulation 2024 on 1st January 2025, Malaysia is committed to fulfilling its international obligation to catalyze its progress toward contributing to space sustainability and developing a new space economy.","start":10514.973,"end":10536.301,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"space-for-development","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Several statements underlined the use of satellites, Earth observation, GNSS, and other space technologies to support climate action, disaster management, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and broader socioeconomic development. Space activities were often framed as tools for achieving the SDGs and national development priorities."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":10514.973,"end":10515.406},{"text":"following","start":10515.47,"end":10515.839},{"text":"the","start":10515.935,"end":10516.031},{"text":"full","start":10516.031,"end":10516.224},{"text":"enforcement","start":10516.272,"end":10516.993},{"text":"of","start":10516.993,"end":10517.122},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10517.218,"end":10517.554},{"text":"Spaceport","start":10517.554,"end":10518.26},{"text":"Act","start":10518.26,"end":10518.612},{"text":"2022","start":10518.757,"end":10519.254},{"text":"and","start":10520.199,"end":10520.264},{"text":"the","start":10520.28,"end":10520.36},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10520.36,"end":10520.696},{"text":"Spaceport","start":10520.696,"end":10521.225},{"text":"Regulation","start":10521.225,"end":10521.69},{"text":"2024","start":10521.786,"end":10522.46},{"text":"on","start":10522.748,"end":10522.796},{"text":"1st","start":10522.925,"end":10523.181},{"text":"January","start":10523.309,"end":10523.694},{"text":"2025,","start":10523.79,"end":10524.656},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10525.393,"end":10525.794},{"text":"is","start":10525.794,"end":10525.858},{"text":"committed","start":10525.954,"end":10526.5},{"text":"to","start":10526.853,"end":10526.933},{"text":"fulfilling","start":10526.933,"end":10527.624},{"text":"its","start":10527.737,"end":10527.978},{"text":"international","start":10528.042,"end":10528.572},{"text":"obligation","start":10528.685,"end":10529.312},{"text":"to","start":10529.424,"end":10529.553},{"text":"catalyze","start":10529.569,"end":10529.954},{"text":"its","start":10530.131,"end":10530.26},{"text":"progress","start":10530.372,"end":10530.822},{"text":"toward","start":10531.176,"end":10531.497},{"text":"contributing","start":10531.513,"end":10532.284},{"text":"to","start":10532.316,"end":10532.413},{"text":"space","start":10532.413,"end":10532.798},{"text":"sustainability","start":10532.798,"end":10533.65},{"text":"and","start":10534.55,"end":10534.63},{"text":"developing","start":10534.646,"end":10535.161},{"text":"a","start":10535.225,"end":10535.289},{"text":"new","start":10535.289,"end":10535.466},{"text":"space","start":10535.466,"end":10535.932},{"text":"economy.","start":10535.932,"end":10536.301}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, as I previously mentioned, Malaysia is currently in the process of ratifying the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon, and other celestial bodies, and acceding to the Convention on the Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space.","start":10537.442,"end":10560.008,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10537.442,"end":10537.635},{"text":"Chair,","start":10537.683,"end":10538.037},{"text":"as","start":10538.68,"end":10538.792},{"text":"I","start":10538.824,"end":10538.84},{"text":"previously","start":10538.985,"end":10539.451},{"text":"mentioned,","start":10539.451,"end":10539.853},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10539.869,"end":10540.447},{"text":"is","start":10540.447,"end":10540.64},{"text":"currently","start":10540.752,"end":10541.202},{"text":"in","start":10541.379,"end":10541.476},{"text":"the","start":10541.476,"end":10541.556},{"text":"process","start":10541.556,"end":10542.07},{"text":"of","start":10542.263,"end":10542.327},{"text":"ratifying","start":10542.408,"end":10543.131},{"text":"the","start":10543.323,"end":10543.404},{"text":"Treaty","start":10543.404,"end":10543.773},{"text":"on","start":10544.031,"end":10544.111},{"text":"Principles","start":10544.272,"end":10544.898},{"text":"Governing","start":10545.091,"end":10545.541},{"text":"the","start":10545.573,"end":10545.718},{"text":"Activities","start":10545.718,"end":10546.264},{"text":"of","start":10546.441,"end":10546.473},{"text":"States","start":10546.473,"end":10547.067},{"text":"in","start":10547.598,"end":10547.646},{"text":"the","start":10547.662,"end":10547.823},{"text":"Exploration","start":10547.823,"end":10548.755},{"text":"and","start":10548.771,"end":10548.931},{"text":"Use","start":10548.931,"end":10549.221},{"text":"of","start":10549.928,"end":10550.04},{"text":"Outer","start":10550.153,"end":10550.41},{"text":"Space,","start":10550.41,"end":10550.876},{"text":"including","start":10551.342,"end":10551.824},{"text":"the","start":10551.824,"end":10551.904},{"text":"Moon,","start":10551.904,"end":10552.177},{"text":"and","start":10552.87,"end":10553.128},{"text":"other","start":10553.192,"end":10553.37},{"text":"celestial","start":10553.37,"end":10553.966},{"text":"bodies,","start":10554.014,"end":10554.304},{"text":"and","start":10555.448,"end":10555.625},{"text":"acceding","start":10555.625,"end":10555.996},{"text":"to","start":10556.093,"end":10556.189},{"text":"the","start":10556.189,"end":10556.334},{"text":"Convention","start":10556.334,"end":10556.963},{"text":"on","start":10556.979,"end":10557.027},{"text":"the","start":10557.075,"end":10557.156},{"text":"Registration","start":10557.156,"end":10557.865},{"text":"of","start":10557.962,"end":10558.187},{"text":"Objects","start":10558.187,"end":10558.59},{"text":"Launched","start":10558.606,"end":10559.073},{"text":"into","start":10559.073,"end":10559.283},{"text":"Outer","start":10559.396,"end":10559.589},{"text":"Space.","start":10559.637,"end":10560.008}]},{"text":"In this regard, a series of talks and dialogues will be held in 2024, engaging various government stakeholders, industry representatives, and academic institutions to emphasize the importance of Malaysia's ratification or accession to the United Nations Outer Space Treaties.","start":10562.402,"end":10580.378,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10562.402,"end":10562.482},{"text":"this","start":10562.482,"end":10562.707},{"text":"regard,","start":10562.707,"end":10563.077},{"text":"a","start":10563.462,"end":10563.478},{"text":"series","start":10563.51,"end":10563.816},{"text":"of","start":10563.912,"end":10564.057},{"text":"talks","start":10564.089,"end":10564.41},{"text":"and","start":10564.41,"end":10564.507},{"text":"dialogues","start":10564.507,"end":10564.86},{"text":"will","start":10564.957,"end":10565.037},{"text":"be","start":10565.037,"end":10565.117},{"text":"held","start":10565.117,"end":10565.535},{"text":"in","start":10565.535,"end":10565.664},{"text":"2024,","start":10565.76,"end":10566.595},{"text":"engaging","start":10566.82,"end":10567.351},{"text":"various","start":10567.447,"end":10567.817},{"text":"government","start":10568.026,"end":10568.508},{"text":"stakeholders,","start":10568.508,"end":10569.118},{"text":"industry","start":10569.777,"end":10570.323},{"text":"representatives,","start":10570.42,"end":10571.287},{"text":"and","start":10571.561,"end":10571.689},{"text":"academic","start":10571.786,"end":10572.209},{"text":"institutions","start":10572.209,"end":10572.989},{"text":"to","start":10573.591,"end":10573.673},{"text":"emphasize","start":10573.673,"end":10574.291},{"text":"the","start":10574.876,"end":10574.99},{"text":"importance","start":10574.99,"end":10575.381},{"text":"of","start":10575.446,"end":10575.56},{"text":"Malaysia's","start":10575.56,"end":10575.95},{"text":"ratification","start":10575.95,"end":10576.975},{"text":"or","start":10577.154,"end":10577.316},{"text":"accession","start":10577.316,"end":10577.869},{"text":"to","start":10578.146,"end":10578.195},{"text":"the","start":10578.243,"end":10578.387},{"text":"United","start":10578.387,"end":10578.805},{"text":"Nations","start":10578.805,"end":10579.286},{"text":"Outer","start":10579.351,"end":10579.543},{"text":"Space","start":10579.543,"end":10580.009},{"text":"Treaties.","start":10580.009,"end":10580.378}]},{"text":"These efforts have garnered positive feedback.","start":10581.518,"end":10583.878,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10581.518,"end":10581.662},{"text":"efforts","start":10581.759,"end":10582.24},{"text":"have","start":10582.24,"end":10582.385},{"text":"garnered","start":10582.497,"end":10582.931},{"text":"positive","start":10583.059,"end":10583.428},{"text":"feedback.","start":10583.461,"end":10583.878}]},{"text":"While still in the process of becoming a state party to these treaties, Malaysia has already voluntarily implemented their provisions at the national level by incorporating them into our national regulatory framework.","start":10585.05,"end":10599.195,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":10585.05,"end":10585.146},{"text":"still","start":10585.146,"end":10585.484},{"text":"in","start":10585.484,"end":10585.564},{"text":"the","start":10585.564,"end":10585.692},{"text":"process","start":10585.692,"end":10586.029},{"text":"of","start":10586.094,"end":10586.158},{"text":"becoming","start":10586.415,"end":10587.121},{"text":"a","start":10587.394,"end":10587.41},{"text":"state","start":10587.458,"end":10587.795},{"text":"party","start":10587.795,"end":10588.084},{"text":"to","start":10588.261,"end":10588.422},{"text":"these","start":10588.422,"end":10588.566},{"text":"treaties,","start":10588.662,"end":10589.048},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10589.754,"end":10590.284},{"text":"has","start":10590.284,"end":10590.412},{"text":"already","start":10590.605,"end":10590.974},{"text":"voluntarily","start":10591.151,"end":10591.906},{"text":"implemented","start":10592.291,"end":10592.933},{"text":"their","start":10592.933,"end":10593.094},{"text":"provisions","start":10593.094,"end":10593.945},{"text":"at","start":10594.201,"end":10594.25},{"text":"the","start":10594.282,"end":10594.378},{"text":"national","start":10594.378,"end":10594.763},{"text":"level","start":10594.763,"end":10595.213},{"text":"by","start":10595.325,"end":10595.502},{"text":"incorporating","start":10595.502,"end":10596.273},{"text":"them","start":10596.465,"end":10596.61},{"text":"into","start":10597.043,"end":10597.252},{"text":"our","start":10597.332,"end":10597.509},{"text":"national","start":10597.509,"end":10597.99},{"text":"regulatory","start":10597.99,"end":10598.601},{"text":"framework.","start":10598.633,"end":10599.195}]},{"text":"To illustrate Malaysia's commitment, 5 satellites have been registered with UN-USA to date, and one satellite, USMASAT-1, is currently in the progress of registration.","start":10600.318,"end":10611.975,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":10600.318,"end":10600.399},{"text":"illustrate","start":10600.399,"end":10600.864},{"text":"Malaysia's","start":10600.864,"end":10601.201},{"text":"commitment,","start":10601.201,"end":10601.844},{"text":"5","start":10602.325,"end":10602.422},{"text":"satellites","start":10602.422,"end":10603.112},{"text":"have","start":10603.112,"end":10603.208},{"text":"been","start":10603.208,"end":10603.385},{"text":"registered","start":10603.385,"end":10603.931},{"text":"with","start":10603.931,"end":10604.059},{"text":"UN-USA","start":10604.14,"end":10604.894},{"text":"to","start":10605.376,"end":10605.52},{"text":"date,","start":10605.52,"end":10605.906},{"text":"and","start":10606.179,"end":10606.323},{"text":"one","start":10606.323,"end":10606.5},{"text":"satellite,","start":10606.5,"end":10607.078},{"text":"USMASAT-1,","start":10607.319,"end":10608.122},{"text":"is","start":10608.362,"end":10608.475},{"text":"currently","start":10608.571,"end":10609.037},{"text":"in","start":10609.149,"end":10609.229},{"text":"the","start":10609.229,"end":10609.374},{"text":"progress","start":10609.374,"end":10609.743},{"text":"of","start":10611.156,"end":10611.317},{"text":"registration.","start":10611.317,"end":10611.975}]},{"text":"Malaysia recognizes the importance of information sharing among member states to promote and facilitate international cooperation.","start":10613.228,"end":10620.196,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10613.228,"end":10613.484},{"text":"recognizes","start":10613.484,"end":10614.014},{"text":"the","start":10614.046,"end":10614.191},{"text":"importance","start":10614.191,"end":10614.753},{"text":"of","start":10615.01,"end":10615.106},{"text":"information","start":10615.106,"end":10615.813},{"text":"sharing","start":10615.813,"end":10616.262},{"text":"among","start":10616.278,"end":10616.583},{"text":"member","start":10616.615,"end":10616.872},{"text":"states","start":10616.872,"end":10617.386},{"text":"to","start":10617.483,"end":10617.531},{"text":"promote","start":10617.643,"end":10618.028},{"text":"and","start":10618.045,"end":10618.205},{"text":"facilitate","start":10618.205,"end":10618.879},{"text":"international","start":10618.879,"end":10619.458},{"text":"cooperation.","start":10619.586,"end":10620.196}]},{"text":"Therefore, we have made available information on our national space activity through website, statement, report, and technical presentation.","start":10621.336,"end":10629.461,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":10621.336,"end":10621.721},{"text":"we","start":10621.754,"end":10621.818},{"text":"have","start":10621.834,"end":10621.962},{"text":"made","start":10622.075,"end":10622.283},{"text":"available","start":10622.332,"end":10622.862},{"text":"information","start":10622.862,"end":10623.568},{"text":"on","start":10623.745,"end":10623.889},{"text":"our","start":10623.921,"end":10624.082},{"text":"national","start":10624.098,"end":10624.499},{"text":"space","start":10624.499,"end":10624.965},{"text":"activity","start":10624.965,"end":10625.495},{"text":"through","start":10625.912,"end":10626.153},{"text":"website,","start":10626.153,"end":10626.811},{"text":"statement,","start":10626.908,"end":10627.502},{"text":"report,","start":10627.759,"end":10628.16},{"text":"and","start":10628.24,"end":10628.385},{"text":"technical","start":10628.433,"end":10628.867},{"text":"presentation.","start":10628.963,"end":10629.461}]},{"text":"To promote transparency and confidence-building, as well as for coordination and the avoidance of harmful interference.","start":10630.424,"end":10637.489,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":10630.424,"end":10630.585},{"text":"promote","start":10630.585,"end":10630.938},{"text":"transparency","start":10631.002,"end":10631.757},{"text":"and","start":10632.094,"end":10632.319},{"text":"confidence-building,","start":10632.351,"end":10633.363},{"text":"as","start":10633.812,"end":10633.925},{"text":"well","start":10633.957,"end":10634.262},{"text":"as","start":10634.262,"end":10634.326},{"text":"for","start":10634.438,"end":10634.679},{"text":"coordination","start":10634.679,"end":10635.45},{"text":"and","start":10635.466,"end":10635.562},{"text":"the","start":10635.562,"end":10635.723},{"text":"avoidance","start":10635.723,"end":10636.285},{"text":"of","start":10636.285,"end":10636.413},{"text":"harmful","start":10636.429,"end":10636.863},{"text":"interference.","start":10636.927,"end":10637.489}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Malaysia fully supports the work of the Working Group on the Status and Application of the 5 United Nations Treaties on Outer Space of the Legal Subcommittee and its multi-year work plan.","start":10638.677,"end":10651.506,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10638.677,"end":10638.741},{"text":"conclusion,","start":10638.774,"end":10639.432},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10639.978,"end":10640.299},{"text":"fully","start":10640.299,"end":10640.54},{"text":"supports","start":10640.54,"end":10640.941},{"text":"the","start":10640.941,"end":10641.102},{"text":"work","start":10641.102,"end":10641.375},{"text":"of","start":10641.407,"end":10641.519},{"text":"the","start":10641.519,"end":10641.648},{"text":"Working","start":10641.648,"end":10641.937},{"text":"Group","start":10641.969,"end":10642.29},{"text":"on","start":10642.29,"end":10642.386},{"text":"the","start":10642.386,"end":10642.483},{"text":"Status","start":10642.483,"end":10643.061},{"text":"and","start":10643.093,"end":10643.189},{"text":"Application","start":10643.189,"end":10643.96},{"text":"of","start":10644.056,"end":10644.104},{"text":"the","start":10644.153,"end":10644.233},{"text":"5","start":10644.233,"end":10644.602},{"text":"United","start":10644.698,"end":10645.116},{"text":"Nations","start":10645.116,"end":10645.405},{"text":"Treaties","start":10645.437,"end":10645.887},{"text":"on","start":10646.481,"end":10646.529},{"text":"Outer","start":10646.625,"end":10646.898},{"text":"Space","start":10646.898,"end":10647.396},{"text":"of","start":10647.669,"end":10647.749},{"text":"the","start":10647.749,"end":10647.846},{"text":"Legal","start":10647.91,"end":10648.183},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":10648.183,"end":10648.905},{"text":"and","start":10649.692,"end":10649.933},{"text":"its","start":10649.933,"end":10650.158},{"text":"multi-year","start":10650.254,"end":10650.977},{"text":"work","start":10650.977,"end":10651.298},{"text":"plan.","start":10651.298,"end":10651.506}]},{"text":"Malaysia looks forward to cooperating and contributing to the discussion.","start":10652.325,"end":10656.245,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10652.325,"end":10652.727},{"text":"looks","start":10652.727,"end":10652.839},{"text":"forward","start":10652.839,"end":10653.208},{"text":"to","start":10653.208,"end":10653.321},{"text":"cooperating","start":10653.385,"end":10654.076},{"text":"and","start":10654.509,"end":10654.638},{"text":"contributing","start":10654.734,"end":10655.2},{"text":"to","start":10655.474,"end":10655.542},{"text":"the","start":10655.577,"end":10655.731},{"text":"discussion.","start":10655.748,"end":10656.245}]},{"text":"With that, Mr. Chair, I thank you.","start":10657.4,"end":10658.662,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":10657.4,"end":10657.503},{"text":"that,","start":10657.503,"end":10657.59},{"text":"Mr.","start":10657.607,"end":10657.832},{"text":"Chair,","start":10657.901,"end":10658.005},{"text":"I","start":10658.039,"end":10658.195},{"text":"thank","start":10658.195,"end":10658.558},{"text":"you.","start":10658.558,"end":10658.662}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":10663.199,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=10664","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Malaysia for their statement.","start":10663.199,"end":10666.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10663.199,"end":10663.215},{"text":"thank","start":10663.279,"end":10663.457},{"text":"the","start":10663.505,"end":10663.586},{"text":"distinguished","start":10663.586,"end":10663.99},{"text":"representative","start":10663.99,"end":10664.7},{"text":"of","start":10664.894,"end":10665.023},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10665.056,"end":10665.621},{"text":"for","start":10665.621,"end":10665.863},{"text":"their","start":10665.863,"end":10666.025},{"text":"statement.","start":10666.025,"end":10666.59}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Netherlands.","start":10667.801,"end":10673.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10667.801,"end":10667.882},{"text":"following","start":10667.882,"end":10668.173},{"text":"speaker","start":10668.269,"end":10668.673},{"text":"on","start":10668.689,"end":10668.738},{"text":"my","start":10668.786,"end":10668.915},{"text":"list","start":10668.915,"end":10669.432},{"text":"is","start":10669.578,"end":10669.707},{"text":"the","start":10669.82,"end":10670.078},{"text":"distinguished","start":10670.611,"end":10671.112},{"text":"representative","start":10671.112,"end":10671.883},{"text":"of","start":10672.863,"end":10672.975},{"text":"the","start":10672.975,"end":10673.056},{"text":"Netherlands.","start":10673.056,"end":10673.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll Carola","affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":64,"start":10675.514,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1y/k1ys303cna?lang=en&t=10676","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates.","start":10675.514,"end":10678.358,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10675.514,"end":10676.655},{"text":"you,","start":10676.655,"end":10676.703},{"text":"Mr.","start":10676.735,"end":10676.864},{"text":"Chair,","start":10676.976,"end":10677.313},{"text":"distinguished","start":10677.378,"end":10677.924},{"text":"delegates.","start":10677.924,"end":10678.358}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a party to all 5 UN space treaties and would, as always, invite all states to also ratify all 5, including the Moon Agreement.","start":10679.386,"end":10690.189,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10679.386,"end":10679.466},{"text":"Kingdom","start":10679.466,"end":10679.884},{"text":"of","start":10679.884,"end":10679.997},{"text":"the","start":10680.013,"end":10680.061},{"text":"Netherlands","start":10680.061,"end":10680.559},{"text":"is","start":10680.607,"end":10680.736},{"text":"a","start":10680.736,"end":10680.753},{"text":"party","start":10680.753,"end":10681.215},{"text":"to","start":10681.248,"end":10681.38},{"text":"all","start":10681.561,"end":10681.611},{"text":"5","start":10681.759,"end":10682.254},{"text":"UN","start":10682.386,"end":10682.931},{"text":"space","start":10682.71,"end":10682.854},{"text":"treaties","start":10682.982,"end":10683.432},{"text":"and","start":10684.026,"end":10684.09},{"text":"would,","start":10684.106,"end":10684.411},{"text":"as","start":10684.507,"end":10684.635},{"text":"always,","start":10684.748,"end":10685.037},{"text":"invite","start":10685.294,"end":10685.711},{"text":"all","start":10685.775,"end":10685.823},{"text":"states","start":10685.871,"end":10686.289},{"text":"to","start":10686.738,"end":10686.882},{"text":"also","start":10686.979,"end":10687.252},{"text":"ratify","start":10687.38,"end":10687.733},{"text":"all","start":10688.022,"end":10688.07},{"text":"5,","start":10688.183,"end":10688.648},{"text":"including","start":10688.76,"end":10689.21},{"text":"the","start":10689.242,"end":10689.322},{"text":"Moon","start":10689.322,"end":10689.547},{"text":"Agreement.","start":10689.547,"end":10690.189}]},{"text":"The ratification, implementation, and application of these treaties, including through non-legally binding instruments, will promote responsible behavior in outer space, which is so dearly needed today.","start":10691.184,"end":10703.928,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"peaceful-use-principles","label":"Peaceful Use Principles","description":"A recurring topic was that outer space must remain reserved for peaceful purposes, with strong references to non-appropriation, non-militarization, and equitable access for all states. Several delegations emphasized that these core principles should guide both state and private activities in space."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10691.184,"end":10691.312},{"text":"ratification,","start":10691.312,"end":10692.099},{"text":"implementation,","start":10692.372,"end":10693.222},{"text":"and","start":10693.238,"end":10693.383},{"text":"application","start":10693.415,"end":10694.105},{"text":"of","start":10694.201,"end":10694.346},{"text":"these","start":10694.378,"end":10694.586},{"text":"treaties,","start":10694.619,"end":10695.068},{"text":"including","start":10695.742,"end":10696.352},{"text":"through","start":10696.464,"end":10696.721},{"text":"non-legally","start":10696.721,"end":10697.315},{"text":"binding","start":10697.347,"end":10697.636},{"text":"instruments,","start":10697.748,"end":10698.422},{"text":"will","start":10698.952,"end":10699.064},{"text":"promote","start":10699.177,"end":10699.674},{"text":"responsible","start":10699.674,"end":10700.268},{"text":"behavior","start":10700.3,"end":10700.798},{"text":"in","start":10700.798,"end":10700.846},{"text":"outer","start":10700.942,"end":10701.199},{"text":"space,","start":10701.199,"end":10701.552},{"text":"which","start":10702.162,"end":10702.403},{"text":"is","start":10702.403,"end":10702.451},{"text":"so","start":10702.499,"end":10702.788},{"text":"dearly","start":10702.788,"end":10703.061},{"text":"needed","start":10703.061,"end":10703.446},{"text":"today.","start":10703.446,"end":10703.928}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, let me start by thanking the Secretariat for the background paper on the implementation of Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty and Article 6 of the Registration Convention.","start":10705.131,"end":10716.069,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10705.131,"end":10705.372},{"text":"Chair,","start":10705.436,"end":10705.789},{"text":"let","start":10706.239,"end":10706.415},{"text":"me","start":10706.415,"end":10706.512},{"text":"start","start":10706.512,"end":10706.945},{"text":"by","start":10706.961,"end":10707.122},{"text":"thanking","start":10707.122,"end":10707.507},{"text":"the","start":10707.523,"end":10707.555},{"text":"Secretariat","start":10707.555,"end":10708.325},{"text":"for","start":10708.325,"end":10708.454},{"text":"the","start":10708.406,"end":10708.487},{"text":"background","start":10708.503,"end":10708.988},{"text":"paper","start":10708.988,"end":10709.392},{"text":"on","start":10709.392,"end":10709.489},{"text":"the","start":10709.537,"end":10709.634},{"text":"implementation","start":10709.634,"end":10710.443},{"text":"of","start":10710.443,"end":10710.572},{"text":"Article","start":10710.669,"end":10711.025},{"text":"11","start":10711.025,"end":10711.542},{"text":"of","start":10712.156,"end":10712.27},{"text":"the","start":10712.302,"end":10712.415},{"text":"Outer","start":10712.609,"end":10712.722},{"text":"Space","start":10712.722,"end":10713.11},{"text":"Treaty","start":10713.11,"end":10713.482},{"text":"and","start":10713.579,"end":10713.725},{"text":"Article","start":10713.741,"end":10714.015},{"text":"6","start":10714.015,"end":10714.484},{"text":"of","start":10714.549,"end":10714.598},{"text":"the","start":10714.646,"end":10714.727},{"text":"Registration","start":10714.727,"end":10715.406},{"text":"Convention.","start":10715.454,"end":10716.069}]},{"text":"It correctly represents the practice of my country, which does not consider itself to be liable as a launching state if the launch of an object owned and operated by an enterprise is produced by that enterprise and launched from the territory of another Implementing our obligations under Article 11, we duly notify such activities and only register them in our supplementary registry.","start":10717.682,"end":10745.544,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10717.682,"end":10717.828},{"text":"correctly","start":10717.828,"end":10718.361},{"text":"represents","start":10718.556,"end":10719.154},{"text":"the","start":10719.283,"end":10719.445},{"text":"practice","start":10719.445,"end":10719.849},{"text":"of","start":10719.849,"end":10719.979},{"text":"my","start":10719.995,"end":10720.156},{"text":"country,","start":10720.156,"end":10720.625},{"text":"which","start":10721.224,"end":10721.353},{"text":"does","start":10721.385,"end":10721.596},{"text":"not","start":10721.644,"end":10721.935},{"text":"consider","start":10721.935,"end":10722.356},{"text":"itself","start":10722.356,"end":10722.808},{"text":"to","start":10722.841,"end":10722.922},{"text":"be","start":10722.922,"end":10723.18},{"text":"liable","start":10723.73,"end":10724.199},{"text":"as","start":10724.199,"end":10724.264},{"text":"a","start":10724.377,"end":10724.393},{"text":"launching","start":10724.458,"end":10724.862},{"text":"state","start":10724.862,"end":10725.444},{"text":"if","start":10725.768,"end":10725.913},{"text":"the","start":10725.913,"end":10726.059},{"text":"launch","start":10726.059,"end":10726.366},{"text":"of","start":10726.479,"end":10726.56},{"text":"an","start":10726.56,"end":10726.609},{"text":"object","start":10726.706,"end":10726.995},{"text":"owned","start":10727.188,"end":10727.526},{"text":"and","start":10727.526,"end":10727.59},{"text":"operated","start":10727.751,"end":10728.298},{"text":"by","start":10728.33,"end":10728.443},{"text":"an","start":10728.555,"end":10728.604},{"text":"enterprise","start":10728.636,"end":10729.344},{"text":"is","start":10729.778,"end":10729.826},{"text":"produced","start":10729.923,"end":10730.405},{"text":"by","start":10730.405,"end":10730.582},{"text":"that","start":10730.582,"end":10730.888},{"text":"enterprise","start":10730.888,"end":10731.435},{"text":"and","start":10732.11,"end":10732.175},{"text":"launched","start":10732.271,"end":10732.834},{"text":"from","start":10732.834,"end":10733.027},{"text":"the","start":10733.075,"end":10733.156},{"text":"territory","start":10733.22,"end":10733.687},{"text":"of","start":10733.863,"end":10733.96},{"text":"another","start":10733.96,"end":10734.378},{"text":"Implementing","start":10735.728,"end":10736.356},{"text":"our","start":10736.533,"end":10736.581},{"text":"obligations","start":10736.71,"end":10737.322},{"text":"under","start":10737.5,"end":10737.741},{"text":"Article","start":10737.822,"end":10738.225},{"text":"11,","start":10738.225,"end":10738.611},{"text":"we","start":10739.03,"end":10739.127},{"text":"duly","start":10739.191,"end":10739.416},{"text":"notify","start":10739.449,"end":10740.109},{"text":"such","start":10740.109,"end":10740.383},{"text":"activities","start":10740.48,"end":10741.027},{"text":"and","start":10741.527,"end":10741.672},{"text":"only","start":10741.768,"end":10741.994},{"text":"register","start":10742.107,"end":10743.637},{"text":"them","start":10743.637,"end":10743.75},{"text":"in","start":10743.943,"end":10744.007},{"text":"our","start":10744.104,"end":10744.33},{"text":"supplementary","start":10744.33,"end":10744.993},{"text":"registry.","start":10744.993,"end":10745.544}]},{"text":"The activities registered under Article 6 only concern those for which we also share our— the launching state.","start":10746.159,"end":10753.573,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10746.159,"end":10746.272},{"text":"activities","start":10746.288,"end":10746.839},{"text":"registered","start":10746.936,"end":10747.486},{"text":"under","start":10747.583,"end":10747.713},{"text":"Article","start":10747.826,"end":10748.101},{"text":"6","start":10748.101,"end":10748.441},{"text":"only","start":10749.04,"end":10749.348},{"text":"concern","start":10749.38,"end":10749.979},{"text":"those","start":10750.092,"end":10750.4},{"text":"for","start":10750.513,"end":10750.691},{"text":"which","start":10750.691,"end":10750.983},{"text":"we","start":10750.983,"end":10751.08},{"text":"also","start":10751.08,"end":10751.468},{"text":"share","start":10751.468,"end":10751.744},{"text":"our—","start":10752.148,"end":10752.456},{"text":"the","start":10752.618,"end":10752.763},{"text":"launching","start":10752.78,"end":10753.136},{"text":"state.","start":10753.184,"end":10753.573}]},{"text":"The Netherlands would welcome the Secretariat's suggestion to establish a synthesis of the information provided under Articles 11 and Article 6, provided that the legal differences are clear to anyone accessing the database.","start":10755.188,"end":10770.224,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10755.188,"end":10755.22},{"text":"Netherlands","start":10755.22,"end":10755.658},{"text":"would","start":10755.755,"end":10755.933},{"text":"welcome","start":10755.933,"end":10756.338},{"text":"the","start":10756.565,"end":10756.597},{"text":"Secretariat's","start":10756.646,"end":10757.391},{"text":"suggestion","start":10757.391,"end":10758.007},{"text":"to","start":10758.46,"end":10758.719},{"text":"establish","start":10758.849,"end":10759.367},{"text":"a","start":10759.481,"end":10759.497},{"text":"synthesis","start":10759.513,"end":10761.797},{"text":"of","start":10760.733,"end":10760.861},{"text":"the","start":10760.893,"end":10761.006},{"text":"information","start":10761.054,"end":10761.663},{"text":"provided","start":10761.695,"end":10762.416},{"text":"under","start":10762.481,"end":10762.721},{"text":"Articles","start":10762.721,"end":10763.186},{"text":"11","start":10763.474,"end":10763.971},{"text":"and","start":10764.02,"end":10764.084},{"text":"Article","start":10764.18,"end":10764.484},{"text":"6,","start":10764.484,"end":10764.997},{"text":"provided","start":10765.382,"end":10766.072},{"text":"that","start":10766.168,"end":10766.328},{"text":"the","start":10766.328,"end":10766.408},{"text":"legal","start":10766.424,"end":10766.713},{"text":"differences","start":10766.745,"end":10767.354},{"text":"are","start":10767.611,"end":10767.707},{"text":"clear","start":10767.707,"end":10768.027},{"text":"to","start":10768.108,"end":10768.252},{"text":"anyone","start":10768.332,"end":10768.685},{"text":"accessing","start":10768.813,"end":10769.278},{"text":"the","start":10769.39,"end":10769.454},{"text":"database.","start":10769.534,"end":10770.224}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands would also support the development of a standardized submission template for Article 11 information sharing.","start":10771.137,"end":10779.057,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10771.137,"end":10771.234},{"text":"Kingdom","start":10771.234,"end":10771.506},{"text":"of","start":10771.554,"end":10771.602},{"text":"the","start":10771.699,"end":10771.731},{"text":"Netherlands","start":10771.731,"end":10772.163},{"text":"would","start":10772.179,"end":10772.356},{"text":"also","start":10772.42,"end":10772.853},{"text":"support","start":10772.853,"end":10773.462},{"text":"the","start":10773.462,"end":10773.542},{"text":"development","start":10773.574,"end":10774.183},{"text":"of","start":10774.215,"end":10774.296},{"text":"a","start":10774.36,"end":10774.376},{"text":"standardized","start":10774.376,"end":10775.161},{"text":"submission","start":10775.161,"end":10775.77},{"text":"template","start":10775.803,"end":10776.38},{"text":"for","start":10776.684,"end":10776.829},{"text":"Article","start":10776.989,"end":10777.518},{"text":"11","start":10777.566,"end":10777.855},{"text":"information","start":10777.951,"end":10778.528},{"text":"sharing.","start":10778.528,"end":10779.057}]},{"text":"We welcome the continuation of this discussion, which should be informed by the guiding principle of cooperation and mutual assistance, the obligation to conduct activities with due regard, and of the obligation to provide the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the public, and the international scientific community of information to the greatest extent feasible and practicable of the nature, conduct, locations, and results of outer space activities.","start":10780.291,"end":10807.707,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."},{"key":"capacity-building-cooperation","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A major theme was the role of international cooperation, technical assistance, and legal training in helping emerging space actors develop their capabilities. Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10780.291,"end":10780.371},{"text":"welcome","start":10780.452,"end":10780.981},{"text":"the","start":10781.093,"end":10781.237},{"text":"continuation","start":10781.237,"end":10782.071},{"text":"of","start":10782.199,"end":10782.343},{"text":"this","start":10782.375,"end":10782.488},{"text":"discussion,","start":10782.536,"end":10783.145},{"text":"which","start":10783.658,"end":10783.786},{"text":"should","start":10783.818,"end":10783.978},{"text":"be","start":10783.978,"end":10784.155},{"text":"informed","start":10784.155,"end":10784.78},{"text":"by","start":10784.86,"end":10785.02},{"text":"the","start":10785.02,"end":10785.181},{"text":"guiding","start":10785.181,"end":10785.55},{"text":"principle","start":10785.55,"end":10786.083},{"text":"of","start":10786.083,"end":10786.196},{"text":"cooperation","start":10786.294,"end":10786.989},{"text":"and","start":10787.021,"end":10787.118},{"text":"mutual","start":10787.118,"end":10787.458},{"text":"assistance,","start":10787.458,"end":10788.04},{"text":"the","start":10788.574,"end":10788.72},{"text":"obligation","start":10788.72,"end":10789.286},{"text":"to","start":10789.286,"end":10789.367},{"text":"conduct","start":10789.367,"end":10789.852},{"text":"activities","start":10789.852,"end":10790.402},{"text":"with","start":10790.499,"end":10790.644},{"text":"due","start":10790.66,"end":10790.822},{"text":"regard,","start":10790.822,"end":10791.324},{"text":"and","start":10791.728,"end":10791.793},{"text":"of","start":10791.874,"end":10791.987},{"text":"the","start":10791.987,"end":10792.084},{"text":"obligation","start":10792.132,"end":10792.698},{"text":"to","start":10792.698,"end":10792.795},{"text":"provide","start":10792.844,"end":10793.313},{"text":"the","start":10793.345,"end":10793.41},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":10793.41,"end":10794.283},{"text":"of","start":10794.316,"end":10794.397},{"text":"the","start":10794.397,"end":10794.478},{"text":"United","start":10794.478,"end":10794.85},{"text":"Nations,","start":10794.85,"end":10795.334},{"text":"the","start":10795.689,"end":10795.834},{"text":"public,","start":10795.834,"end":10796.27},{"text":"and","start":10796.658,"end":10796.722},{"text":"the","start":10796.739,"end":10796.9},{"text":"international","start":10796.9,"end":10797.481},{"text":"scientific","start":10797.481,"end":10798.095},{"text":"community","start":10798.095,"end":10798.644},{"text":"of","start":10799.096,"end":10799.225},{"text":"information","start":10799.225,"end":10799.887},{"text":"to","start":10799.887,"end":10800.032},{"text":"the","start":10800.032,"end":10800.129},{"text":"greatest","start":10800.129,"end":10800.597},{"text":"extent","start":10800.597,"end":10800.985},{"text":"feasible","start":10801.017,"end":10801.582},{"text":"and","start":10801.582,"end":10801.647},{"text":"practicable","start":10801.744,"end":10802.357},{"text":"of","start":10802.793,"end":10802.938},{"text":"the","start":10802.938,"end":10803.003},{"text":"nature,","start":10803.003,"end":10803.568},{"text":"conduct,","start":10803.827,"end":10804.33},{"text":"locations,","start":10804.476,"end":10805.109},{"text":"and","start":10805.532,"end":10805.597},{"text":"results","start":10805.629,"end":10806.23},{"text":"of","start":10806.36,"end":10806.489},{"text":"outer","start":10806.587,"end":10806.749},{"text":"space","start":10806.749,"end":10807.106},{"text":"activities.","start":10807.106,"end":10807.707}]},{"text":"The next steps will be to ensure the registration and monitoring of all outer space activities in all its aspects, including post-launch activities, including, for instance, in-orbit servicing.","start":10809.211,"end":10822.084,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10809.211,"end":10809.294},{"text":"next","start":10809.294,"end":10809.626},{"text":"steps","start":10809.626,"end":10810.007},{"text":"will","start":10810.62,"end":10810.736},{"text":"be","start":10810.868,"end":10811.067},{"text":"to","start":10811.183,"end":10811.399},{"text":"ensure","start":10811.374,"end":10811.879},{"text":"the","start":10811.928,"end":10812.026},{"text":"registration","start":10812.026,"end":10812.825},{"text":"and","start":10812.842,"end":10813.005},{"text":"monitoring","start":10813.005,"end":10813.461},{"text":"of","start":10813.576,"end":10813.706},{"text":"all","start":10813.885,"end":10813.934},{"text":"outer","start":10814.212,"end":10814.391},{"text":"space","start":10814.391,"end":10814.734},{"text":"activities","start":10814.734,"end":10815.337},{"text":"in","start":10815.598,"end":10815.647},{"text":"all","start":10815.843,"end":10815.908},{"text":"its","start":10816.12,"end":10816.234},{"text":"aspects,","start":10816.332,"end":10816.87},{"text":"including","start":10817.648,"end":10817.841},{"text":"post-launch","start":10818.194,"end":10818.853},{"text":"activities,","start":10818.853,"end":10819.448},{"text":"including,","start":10819.882,"end":10820.316},{"text":"for","start":10820.364,"end":10820.589},{"text":"instance,","start":10820.589,"end":10821.072},{"text":"in-orbit","start":10821.152,"end":10821.554},{"text":"servicing.","start":10821.554,"end":10822.084}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands would therefore welcome the enhanced space object registration portal proposed in the annex by the Secretariat, but would propose that the notification of activities other than launches should be made possible too.","start":10823.659,"end":10837.326,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. 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recent years, the rapid development of space science and technology, the emergence of new types of space activities, and increasing number of non-state actors have created new challenges in the interpretation and application of outer space 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emphasizes that interpretation to defy UN treaties on outer space serves the interests of all states parties and should be conducted through the multilateral platform of corpus.","start":10890.426,"end":10899.536,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Speakers frequently praised UNOOSA programs, regional partnerships, and knowledge-sharing initiatives as essential for inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":10919.2,"end":10919.633},{"text":"cooperation","start":10919.633,"end":10920.164},{"text":"to","start":10920.758,"end":10921.015},{"text":"jointly","start":10921.144,"end":10921.61},{"text":"safeguard","start":10921.738,"end":10922.204},{"text":"the","start":10922.204,"end":10922.236},{"text":"safety","start":10922.285,"end":10922.654},{"text":"of","start":10923.152,"end":10923.249},{"text":"outer","start":10923.249,"end":10923.41},{"text":"space","start":10923.41,"end":10923.651},{"text":"activities.","start":10923.651,"end":10924.1}]},{"text":"China places great emphasis on sharing information about its outer space activities and has made such information available to the international community and the public through various means, including but not limited to sending note verbals to the Secretary-General of the UN, posting on the website of the relevant Chinese aerospace authorities, and presenting to the UN and other international forums.","start":10924.197,"end":10944.829,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many delegations raised the growing importance of coordinating space traffic as orbital activity increases. They discussed collision avoidance, reentry risks, space situational awareness, and the need for globally compatible legal and operational frameworks."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":10924.197,"end":10924.454},{"text":"places","start":10924.518,"end":10924.824},{"text":"great","start":10924.92,"end":10925.193},{"text":"emphasis","start":10925.257,"end":10925.723},{"text":"on","start":10925.723,"end":10925.756},{"text":"sharing","start":10925.756,"end":10926.27},{"text":"information","start":10926.704,"end":10927.121},{"text":"about","start":10927.121,"end":10927.411},{"text":"its","start":10927.411,"end":10927.571},{"text":"outer","start":10927.571,"end":10927.732},{"text":"space","start":10927.732,"end":10928.134},{"text":"activities","start":10928.134,"end":10928.6},{"text":"and","start":10928.632,"end":10928.776},{"text":"has","start":10928.776,"end":10928.841},{"text":"made","start":10928.937,"end":10929.146},{"text":"such","start":10929.532,"end":10929.757},{"text":"information","start":10929.757,"end":10930.142},{"text":"available","start":10930.142,"end":10930.544},{"text":"to","start":10930.544,"end":10930.64},{"text":"the","start":10930.64,"end":10930.721},{"text":"international","start":10930.721,"end":10931.074},{"text":"community","start":10931.074,"end":10931.492},{"text":"and","start":10931.83,"end":10931.894},{"text":"the","start":10931.91,"end":10931.958},{"text":"public","start":10932.006,"end":10932.344},{"text":"through","start":10932.344,"end":10932.553},{"text":"various","start":10932.569,"end":10932.874},{"text":"means,","start":10932.89,"end":10933.179},{"text":"including","start":10933.71,"end":10934.16},{"text":"but","start":10934.256,"end":10934.401},{"text":"not","start":10934.401,"end":10934.658},{"text":"limited","start":10934.658,"end":10935.124},{"text":"to","start":10935.124,"end":10935.268},{"text":"sending","start":10935.316,"end":10935.75},{"text":"note","start":10935.863,"end":10936.281},{"text":"verbals","start":10936.409,"end":10937.197},{"text":"to","start":10937.695,"end":10937.791},{"text":"the","start":10937.791,"end":10937.887},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":10937.887,"end":10938.546},{"text":"of","start":10938.611,"end":10938.675},{"text":"the","start":10938.675,"end":10938.739},{"text":"UN,","start":10938.755,"end":10939.044},{"text":"posting","start":10939.414,"end":10939.767},{"text":"on","start":10939.944,"end":10940.057},{"text":"the","start":10940.057,"end":10940.185},{"text":"website","start":10940.185,"end":10940.619},{"text":"of","start":10940.619,"end":10940.683},{"text":"the","start":10940.683,"end":10940.748},{"text":"relevant","start":10940.748,"end":10941.069},{"text":"Chinese","start":10941.069,"end":10941.374},{"text":"aerospace","start":10941.631,"end":10942.081},{"text":"authorities,","start":10942.355,"end":10942.724},{"text":"and","start":10942.74,"end":10942.821},{"text":"presenting","start":10942.853,"end":10943.254},{"text":"to","start":10943.254,"end":10943.399},{"text":"the","start":10943.399,"end":10943.495},{"text":"UN","start":10943.495,"end":10943.704},{"text":"and","start":10943.801,"end":10943.961},{"text":"other","start":10943.961,"end":10944.106},{"text":"international","start":10944.138,"end":10944.54},{"text":"forums.","start":10944.54,"end":10944.829}]},{"text":"In this regard, we welcome the ongoing discussion by the Working Group on the Status and Applications of the 5 UN Treaties on Outer Space regarding Article 6.","start":10945.199,"end":10954.691,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. Delegations also linked treaty compliance to safety, predictability, and the legitimacy of future governance arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10945.199,"end":10945.263},{"text":"this","start":10945.263,"end":10945.423},{"text":"regard,","start":10945.423,"end":10945.793},{"text":"we","start":10945.825,"end":10946.05},{"text":"welcome","start":10946.05,"end":10946.467},{"text":"the","start":10946.467,"end":10946.532},{"text":"ongoing","start":10946.612,"end":10946.998},{"text":"discussion","start":10947.03,"end":10947.495},{"text":"by","start":10947.495,"end":10947.592},{"text":"the","start":10947.592,"end":10947.736},{"text":"Working","start":10947.752,"end":10948.042},{"text":"Group","start":10948.058,"end":10948.315},{"text":"on","start":10948.636,"end":10948.684},{"text":"the","start":10948.7,"end":10948.78},{"text":"Status","start":10948.78,"end":10949.214},{"text":"and","start":10949.423,"end":10949.664},{"text":"Applications","start":10949.664,"end":10950.13},{"text":"of","start":10950.13,"end":10950.162},{"text":"the","start":10950.162,"end":10950.242},{"text":"5","start":10950.242,"end":10950.531},{"text":"UN","start":10950.547,"end":10950.852},{"text":"Treaties","start":10951.366,"end":10951.655},{"text":"on","start":10951.687,"end":10951.832},{"text":"Outer","start":10951.832,"end":10951.944},{"text":"Space","start":10951.944,"end":10952.362},{"text":"regarding","start":10952.394,"end":10952.924},{"text":"Article","start":10953.294,"end":10953.824},{"text":"6.","start":10954.418,"end":10954.691}]},{"text":"Chair, strengthening the domestic regulatory system is essential to ensure the fulfillment of obligations under the UN Treaties on Outer Space.","start":10956.185,"end":10965.051,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."},{"key":"international-space-treaties","label":"International Space Treaties","description":"Many speakers stressed adherence to the UN outer space treaties as the foundation of the legal order in space, including calls for wider ratification and faithful implementation. 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Speakers connected national legislation to fulfilling international obligations, supervising non-governmental actors, and creating clearer frameworks for investment and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10971.426,"end":10971.506},{"text":"introduction","start":10971.506,"end":10971.891},{"text":"of","start":10972.003,"end":10972.148},{"text":"relevant","start":10972.148,"end":10972.42},{"text":"policies","start":10972.468,"end":10972.933},{"text":"and","start":10972.965,"end":10973.029},{"text":"regulations.","start":10973.029,"end":10973.414}]},{"text":"It has formulated and promulgated a series of specialized regulations and policy documents, including the Measures for Administration of Registration of Space Objects, the Measures for Administration of Space Debris Mitigation and Protection, the Circular on Promoting the Standardized and Orderly Development of Commercially Launched Vehicles, and the Circular on Promoting Orderly Development of Microsatellites and Strengthening Their Safety and Management.","start":10974.087,"end":10997.907,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-legislation","label":"National Space Legislation","description":"Numerous statements highlighted the drafting or updating of domestic space laws, regulations, and licensing systems. 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in-depth discussions were held on pressing issues at the forefront of the space law, and they contributed valuable insights to the advancement of global governance of 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morning, while awaiting the outcome of the deliberations of the working group.","start":11132.23,"end":11139.019,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"tomorrow","start":11132.23,"end":11132.439},{"text":"morning,","start":11132.439,"end":11132.793},{"text":"while","start":11136.59,"end":11136.686},{"text":"awaiting","start":11136.686,"end":11136.976},{"text":"the","start":11137.072,"end":11137.217},{"text":"outcome","start":11137.233,"end":11137.635},{"text":"of","start":11137.635,"end":11137.684},{"text":"the","start":11137.732,"end":11137.812},{"text":"deliberations","start":11137.812,"end":11138.311},{"text":"of","start":11138.311,"end":11138.392},{"text":"the","start":11138.392,"end":11138.472},{"text":"working","start":11138.472,"end":11138.746},{"text":"group.","start":11138.778,"end":11139.019}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I would now like to turn to proceed with technical 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also, we had the goal to have an 18th SDG, Sustainable Development Goal, Space for All on Earth and Beyond, to bootstrap the civilian space 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slide, please.","start":11380.296,"end":11381.147,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11380.296,"end":11380.569},{"text":"slide,","start":11380.569,"end":11380.906},{"text":"please.","start":11380.938,"end":11381.147}]},{"text":"So here you have a description of our proposal for Space SDG 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our space Renaissance goals with this SDG 18 underscores also the role of space in our daily society as a critical enabler for achieving the Global Sustainable Development 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it's important to label also specifically SDG 18 to make all public, also in emerging countries aware of the role of space in benefits for 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we want also to promote ethical frameworks for resource sharing and usage in space.","start":11477.502,"end":11483.684,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11477.502,"end":11477.599},{"text":"we","start":11477.599,"end":11477.743},{"text":"want","start":11477.759,"end":11477.984},{"text":"also","start":11477.984,"end":11478.241},{"text":"to","start":11478.241,"end":11478.369},{"text":"promote","start":11478.466,"end":11479.012},{"text":"ethical","start":11479.349,"end":11479.83},{"text":"frameworks","start":11479.83,"end":11480.601},{"text":"for","start":11480.874,"end":11481.195},{"text":"resource","start":11481.195,"end":11481.581},{"text":"sharing","start":11481.757,"end":11482.143},{"text":"and","start":11482.64,"end":11482.785},{"text":"usage","start":11482.801,"end":11483.218},{"text":"in","start":11483.218,"end":11483.299},{"text":"space.","start":11483.299,"end":11483.684}]},{"text":"And we advocate for inclusive policies for— to ensure development developing nations to 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next slide, please.","start":11508.411,"end":11510.483,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11508.411,"end":11508.588},{"text":"next","start":11509.487,"end":11509.776},{"text":"slide,","start":11509.776,"end":11510.113},{"text":"please.","start":11510.258,"end":11510.483}]},{"text":"So what do we do for that?","start":11510.932,"end":11512.281,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11510.932,"end":11511.173},{"text":"what","start":11511.317,"end":11511.43},{"text":"do","start":11511.43,"end":11511.558},{"text":"we","start":11511.558,"end":11511.655},{"text":"do","start":11511.655,"end":11511.767},{"text":"for","start":11511.799,"end":11511.976},{"text":"that?","start":11511.976,"end":11512.281}]},{"text":"We also promote space awareness, and 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the adjournment of the working group meeting, we will then resume the plenary with a view to proceeding with technical 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would now like to give the floor to the Secretariat to provide information on side 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