{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k10/k10tm9o6c4","kaltura_id":"1_0tm9o6c4","title":"联合国大会第81届会议第六委员会 - 第17次全体会议","clean_title":"联合国大会第81届会议第六委员会 - 第17次全体会议","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k10/k10tm9o6c4","date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-10-15T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:53:31","category":"联合国大会","body":"Sixth Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"17th plenary 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Khalilur Rahman, to our meeting 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visit of the President of the General Assembly to the main committees has now become an annual tradition.","start":25.35,"end":31.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":25.35,"end":25.51},{"text":"visit","start":25.51,"end":25.87},{"text":"of","start":25.87,"end":25.99},{"text":"the","start":25.99,"end":26.07},{"text":"President","start":26.07,"end":26.59},{"text":"of","start":26.59,"end":26.71},{"text":"the","start":26.71,"end":26.79},{"text":"General","start":26.79,"end":27.27},{"text":"Assembly","start":27.27,"end":27.83},{"text":"to","start":27.83,"end":27.99},{"text":"the","start":27.99,"end":28.07},{"text":"main","start":28.07,"end":28.47},{"text":"committees","start":28.47,"end":29.19},{"text":"has","start":29.19,"end":29.43},{"text":"now","start":29.43,"end":29.67},{"text":"become","start":29.67,"end":30.23},{"text":"an","start":30.31,"end":30.55},{"text":"annual","start":30.55,"end":31.03},{"text":"tradition.","start":31.03,"end":31.83}]},{"text":"Mr. President, on behalf of the committee, I extend to you a warm and cordial welcome to the Legal Committee of the General 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is my distinct honor to give you the floor.","start":43.27,"end":46.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":43.27,"end":43.43},{"text":"is","start":43.43,"end":43.59},{"text":"my","start":43.59,"end":43.83},{"text":"distinct","start":43.83,"end":44.39},{"text":"honor","start":44.39,"end":44.95},{"text":"to","start":45.11,"end":45.23},{"text":"give","start":45.27,"end":45.43},{"text":"you","start":45.43,"end":45.55},{"text":"the","start":45.55,"end":45.67},{"text":"floor.","start":45.67,"end":46.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":49.83,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=0:50","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair, thank you very 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election.","start":62.31,"end":72.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Your","start":62.31,"end":62.51},{"text":"Excellency,","start":62.51,"end":63.11},{"text":"ladies","start":64.31,"end":64.71},{"text":"and","start":64.71,"end":64.87},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":64.87,"end":65.43},{"text":"allow","start":66.47,"end":66.67},{"text":"me","start":66.67,"end":66.87},{"text":"to","start":66.87,"end":67.03},{"text":"congratulate","start":67.03,"end":67.91},{"text":"you,","start":67.91,"end":68.07},{"text":"Madam","start":68.07,"end":68.39},{"text":"Chair,","start":68.39,"end":68.67},{"text":"and","start":69.43,"end":69.71},{"text":"the","start":69.71,"end":69.79},{"text":"other","start":69.91,"end":70.15},{"text":"members","start":70.15,"end":70.51},{"text":"of","start":70.51,"end":70.63},{"text":"the","start":70.63,"end":70.71},{"text":"Bureau","start":70.71,"end":71.19},{"text":"on","start":71.67,"end":71.83},{"text":"your","start":71.83,"end":72.03},{"text":"election.","start":72.03,"end":72.55}]},{"text":"I also warmly welcome the legal advisors and experts joining us today in the legal heart of the Assembly.","start":73.91,"end":83.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":73.91,"end":74.07},{"text":"also","start":74.07,"end":74.71},{"text":"warmly","start":74.71,"end":75.11},{"text":"welcome","start":75.11,"end":75.51},{"text":"the","start":75.51,"end":75.63},{"text":"legal","start":75.63,"end":75.91},{"text":"advisors","start":75.91,"end":76.51},{"text":"and","start":76.51,"end":76.63},{"text":"experts","start":76.63,"end":77.27},{"text":"joining","start":77.75,"end":78.23},{"text":"us","start":78.23,"end":78.47},{"text":"today","start":78.47,"end":79.03},{"text":"in","start":80.07,"end":80.23},{"text":"the","start":80.23,"end":80.35},{"text":"legal","start":80.35,"end":80.79},{"text":"heart","start":80.79,"end":81.27},{"text":"of","start":81.75,"end":81.87},{"text":"the","start":81.87,"end":82.03},{"text":"Assembly.","start":82.55,"end":83.03}]},{"text":"International law gives expression to the principles, values, and commitments that member states have chosen to uphold collectively.","start":84.83,"end":96.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"International","start":84.83,"end":85.51},{"text":"law","start":85.51,"end":85.63},{"text":"gives","start":85.63,"end":86.19},{"text":"expression","start":86.19,"end":86.91},{"text":"to","start":87.55,"end":87.71},{"text":"the","start":87.71,"end":87.83},{"text":"principles,","start":87.83,"end":88.67},{"text":"values,","start":89.63,"end":90.43},{"text":"and","start":90.67,"end":90.91},{"text":"commitments","start":90.91,"end":91.63},{"text":"that","start":92.11,"end":92.43},{"text":"member","start":92.43,"end":92.91},{"text":"states","start":92.91,"end":93.39},{"text":"have","start":93.39,"end":93.63},{"text":"chosen","start":93.63,"end":94.19},{"text":"to","start":94.19,"end":94.35},{"text":"uphold","start":94.35,"end":95.07},{"text":"collectively.","start":95.31,"end":96.03}]},{"text":"Its rules reflect the world in which they were forged, the aspirations they embody, and the people they are meant to serve.","start":97.63,"end":108.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":97.63,"end":97.95},{"text":"rules","start":97.95,"end":98.59},{"text":"reflect","start":98.83,"end":99.31},{"text":"the","start":99.31,"end":99.51},{"text":"world","start":99.51,"end":100.11},{"text":"in","start":100.11,"end":100.35},{"text":"which","start":100.35,"end":100.67},{"text":"they","start":100.67,"end":100.91},{"text":"were","start":100.91,"end":101.15},{"text":"forged,","start":101.15,"end":101.79},{"text":"the","start":102.75,"end":102.95},{"text":"aspirations","start":102.95,"end":103.87},{"text":"they","start":103.87,"end":104.07},{"text":"embody,","start":104.07,"end":104.75},{"text":"and","start":105.47,"end":105.71},{"text":"the","start":105.71,"end":105.79},{"text":"people","start":105.79,"end":106.51},{"text":"they","start":106.67,"end":106.95},{"text":"are","start":106.95,"end":107.03},{"text":"meant","start":107.03,"end":107.47},{"text":"to","start":107.71,"end":107.87},{"text":"serve.","start":107.87,"end":108.27}]},{"text":"As our world evolves, Our challenges are twofold.","start":109.79,"end":115.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":109.79,"end":110.11},{"text":"our","start":110.11,"end":110.39},{"text":"world","start":110.39,"end":110.83},{"text":"evolves,","start":110.83,"end":111.71},{"text":"Our","start":112.27,"end":112.43},{"text":"challenges","start":112.43,"end":113.39},{"text":"are","start":114.27,"end":114.35},{"text":"twofold.","start":114.35,"end":115.07}]},{"text":"To safeguard the rules painstakingly built over eight decades, and to ensure that they continue to serve their purpose in the decades to come.","start":117.47,"end":127.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":117.47,"end":117.63},{"text":"safeguard","start":117.63,"end":118.19},{"text":"the","start":118.19,"end":118.31},{"text":"rules","start":118.31,"end":118.91},{"text":"painstakingly","start":118.91,"end":119.87},{"text":"built","start":119.87,"end":120.27},{"text":"over","start":120.27,"end":120.55},{"text":"eight","start":120.55,"end":120.71},{"text":"decades,","start":120.71,"end":121.39},{"text":"and","start":122.35,"end":122.55},{"text":"to","start":122.55,"end":122.63},{"text":"ensure","start":122.63,"end":123.15},{"text":"that","start":123.15,"end":123.39},{"text":"they","start":123.39,"end":123.55},{"text":"continue","start":123.55,"end":124.03},{"text":"to","start":124.03,"end":124.15},{"text":"serve","start":124.15,"end":124.59},{"text":"their","start":124.59,"end":124.75},{"text":"purpose","start":124.75,"end":125.31},{"text":"in","start":125.87,"end":126.03},{"text":"the","start":126.03,"end":126.15},{"text":"decades","start":126.15,"end":126.71},{"text":"to","start":126.71,"end":126.83},{"text":"come.","start":126.83,"end":127.15}]},{"text":"Trust in these shared commitments is essential to cooperation, even when national interests may differ.","start":128.11,"end":137.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Trust","start":128.11,"end":128.67},{"text":"in","start":128.67,"end":128.99},{"text":"these","start":128.99,"end":129.39},{"text":"shared","start":129.39,"end":129.79},{"text":"commitments","start":129.79,"end":130.59},{"text":"is","start":131.15,"end":131.31},{"text":"essential","start":131.31,"end":132.11},{"text":"to","start":132.11,"end":132.35},{"text":"cooperation,","start":132.35,"end":133.31},{"text":"even","start":133.87,"end":134.19},{"text":"when","start":134.19,"end":134.67},{"text":"national","start":134.83,"end":135.63},{"text":"interests","start":135.63,"end":136.43},{"text":"may","start":136.59,"end":136.83},{"text":"differ.","start":136.83,"end":137.31}]},{"text":"Few bodies are better placed to advance this effort than this Sixth Committee.","start":138.79,"end":144.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Few","start":138.79,"end":139.11},{"text":"bodies","start":139.11,"end":139.59},{"text":"are","start":139.59,"end":139.67},{"text":"better","start":139.67,"end":139.99},{"text":"placed","start":139.99,"end":140.59},{"text":"to","start":140.59,"end":140.67},{"text":"advance","start":140.67,"end":141.35},{"text":"this","start":141.35,"end":141.67},{"text":"effort","start":141.67,"end":142.23},{"text":"than","start":142.47,"end":142.79},{"text":"this","start":142.79,"end":143.27},{"text":"Sixth","start":143.43,"end":143.87},{"text":"Committee.","start":143.87,"end":144.39}]},{"text":"The rules and standards shaped here in this room give practical effect to the principles on which the United Nations rests, from the peaceful settlement of disputes and protection of human rights to international cooperation for development and achievement of the Sustainable Development 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mentioned to other committees that it appears that we in various committees do not regularly share our work with each 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we regard these three pillars as integrated.","start":410.11,"end":413.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":410.11,"end":410.27},{"text":"we","start":410.27,"end":410.67},{"text":"regard","start":410.83,"end":411.31},{"text":"these","start":411.31,"end":411.79},{"text":"three","start":411.79,"end":412.03},{"text":"pillars","start":412.03,"end":412.51},{"text":"as","start":412.51,"end":412.75},{"text":"integrated.","start":412.75,"end":413.47}]},{"text":"Working in silos do not give us outcomes that are coherent, and consistent across the various 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chairs, which I will do every two 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ahead to December, I will invite each committee to identify up to three achievable improvements suited to their respective 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doing so, we also strengthen confidence in how this Assembly works.","start":473.95,"end":479.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":473.95,"end":474.11},{"text":"doing","start":474.11,"end":474.43},{"text":"so,","start":474.43,"end":474.75},{"text":"we","start":474.75,"end":474.91},{"text":"also","start":474.91,"end":475.27},{"text":"strengthen","start":475.27,"end":475.95},{"text":"confidence","start":476.27,"end":476.99},{"text":"in","start":476.99,"end":477.15},{"text":"how","start":477.15,"end":477.47},{"text":"this","start":477.55,"end":477.95},{"text":"Assembly","start":477.95,"end":478.51},{"text":"works.","start":478.51,"end":479.07}]},{"text":"It is a key element in restoring trust in our 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":549.39,"end":549.67},{"text":"armed","start":549.67,"end":550.15},{"text":"conflict","start":550.15,"end":550.83},{"text":"occurs,","start":550.83,"end":551.35},{"text":"international","start":551.67,"end":552.27},{"text":"humanitarian","start":552.27,"end":552.95},{"text":"law","start":552.95,"end":553.35},{"text":"continues","start":553.51,"end":554.07},{"text":"to","start":554.07,"end":554.19},{"text":"apply.","start":554.19,"end":554.63}]},{"text":"Protecting civilians and respecting applicable international obligations remain indispensable.","start":555.19,"end":561.27,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Protecting","start":555.19,"end":555.75},{"text":"civilians","start":555.75,"end":556.47},{"text":"and","start":556.59,"end":556.75},{"text":"respecting","start":556.75,"end":557.35},{"text":"applicable","start":557.35,"end":558.23},{"text":"international","start":558.31,"end":559.03},{"text":"obligations","start":559.03,"end":559.67},{"text":"remain","start":559.67,"end":560.07},{"text":"indispensable.","start":560.39,"end":561.27}]},{"text":"The credibility of international law depends not only on the development of legal norms, but also on their consistent observance and non-selective implementation.","start":561.95,"end":572.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":561.95,"end":562.11},{"text":"credibility","start":562.11,"end":562.79},{"text":"of","start":562.79,"end":562.91},{"text":"international","start":562.91,"end":563.83},{"text":"law","start":563.83,"end":563.91},{"text":"depends","start":564.11,"end":564.59},{"text":"not","start":564.59,"end":564.83},{"text":"only","start":564.83,"end":565.07},{"text":"on","start":565.07,"end":565.15},{"text":"the","start":565.15,"end":565.27},{"text":"development","start":565.27,"end":565.91},{"text":"of","start":565.91,"end":565.99},{"text":"legal","start":565.99,"end":566.31},{"text":"norms,","start":566.31,"end":566.83},{"text":"but","start":567.07,"end":567.39},{"text":"also","start":567.39,"end":567.95},{"text":"on","start":567.95,"end":568.19},{"text":"their","start":568.19,"end":568.35},{"text":"consistent","start":568.35,"end":569.15},{"text":"observance","start":569.15,"end":569.95},{"text":"and","start":570.11,"end":570.47},{"text":"non-selective","start":570.47,"end":571.23},{"text":"implementation.","start":571.23,"end":572.11}]},{"text":"For multilateralism to deliver, we must uphold international law and use every available tool to prevent conflict at every turn.","start":572.91,"end":583.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":572.91,"end":573.31},{"text":"multilateralism","start":573.31,"end":574.43},{"text":"to","start":574.43,"end":574.55},{"text":"deliver,","start":574.55,"end":575.07},{"text":"we","start":575.47,"end":575.63},{"text":"must","start":575.63,"end":576.03},{"text":"uphold","start":576.03,"end":576.55},{"text":"international","start":576.55,"end":577.27},{"text":"law","start":577.27,"end":577.39},{"text":"and","start":578.19,"end":578.51},{"text":"use","start":578.51,"end":579.07},{"text":"every","start":579.07,"end":579.63},{"text":"available","start":579.63,"end":580.35},{"text":"tool","start":580.35,"end":580.83},{"text":"to","start":580.83,"end":580.95},{"text":"prevent","start":580.95,"end":581.39},{"text":"conflict","start":581.39,"end":581.95},{"text":"at","start":582.11,"end":582.35},{"text":"every","start":582.43,"end":582.99},{"text":"turn.","start":583.07,"end":583.55}]},{"text":"Third, we must ensure international law can respond to a changing world.","start":584.59,"end":589.55,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. Speakers argued that international law, including IHL, must keep pace while preserving human control, accountability, and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":584.59,"end":584.99},{"text":"we","start":585.55,"end":585.79},{"text":"must","start":585.79,"end":586.11},{"text":"ensure","start":586.11,"end":586.59},{"text":"international","start":586.59,"end":587.27},{"text":"law","start":587.27,"end":587.55},{"text":"can","start":587.55,"end":587.79},{"text":"respond","start":587.79,"end":588.31},{"text":"to","start":588.31,"end":588.55},{"text":"a","start":588.55,"end":588.59},{"text":"changing","start":588.59,"end":589.15},{"text":"world.","start":589.15,"end":589.55}]},{"text":"From artificial intelligence and new technologies to emerging domains of international cooperation, change is accelerating.","start":590.11,"end":598.83,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. Speakers argued that international law, including IHL, must keep pace while preserving human control, accountability, and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"From","start":590.11,"end":590.43},{"text":"artificial","start":590.43,"end":591.39},{"text":"intelligence","start":591.39,"end":592.67},{"text":"and","start":592.67,"end":592.87},{"text":"new","start":592.87,"end":592.99},{"text":"technologies","start":592.99,"end":593.79},{"text":"to","start":594.03,"end":594.19},{"text":"emerging","start":594.19,"end":594.75},{"text":"domains","start":594.75,"end":595.23},{"text":"of","start":595.23,"end":595.39},{"text":"international","start":595.39,"end":595.91},{"text":"cooperation,","start":595.91,"end":596.67},{"text":"change","start":596.99,"end":597.55},{"text":"is","start":597.63,"end":597.87},{"text":"accelerating.","start":597.87,"end":598.83}]},{"text":"The international legal order must respond to these dynamics while maintaining the clarity and predictability on which multilateral cooperation depends.","start":599.39,"end":608.59,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. Speakers argued that international law, including IHL, must keep pace while preserving human control, accountability, and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":599.39,"end":599.51},{"text":"international","start":599.51,"end":600.15},{"text":"legal","start":600.15,"end":600.43},{"text":"order","start":600.43,"end":600.75},{"text":"must","start":600.75,"end":601.03},{"text":"respond","start":601.03,"end":601.55},{"text":"to","start":601.55,"end":601.71},{"text":"these","start":601.71,"end":601.87},{"text":"dynamics","start":601.87,"end":602.51},{"text":"while","start":602.83,"end":603.11},{"text":"maintaining","start":603.15,"end":603.71},{"text":"the","start":603.71,"end":603.83},{"text":"clarity","start":603.83,"end":604.51},{"text":"and","start":604.51,"end":604.67},{"text":"predictability","start":604.67,"end":605.63},{"text":"on","start":605.79,"end":606.11},{"text":"which","start":606.11,"end":606.51},{"text":"multilateral","start":606.59,"end":607.47},{"text":"cooperation","start":607.47,"end":608.11},{"text":"depends.","start":608.11,"end":608.59}]},{"text":"Here, the Committee's long-standing culture of consensus deserves particular attention.","start":609.11,"end":614.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Here,","start":609.11,"end":609.35},{"text":"the","start":609.35,"end":609.51},{"text":"Committee's","start":609.51,"end":610.07},{"text":"long-standing","start":610.07,"end":611.03},{"text":"culture","start":611.03,"end":611.67},{"text":"of","start":611.67,"end":611.83},{"text":"consensus","start":611.83,"end":612.71},{"text":"deserves","start":612.95,"end":613.51},{"text":"particular","start":613.67,"end":614.27},{"text":"attention.","start":614.27,"end":614.95}]},{"text":"This Committee is unique in this regard as compared to others.","start":615.11,"end":621.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":615.11,"end":615.51},{"text":"Committee","start":615.51,"end":616.07},{"text":"is","start":616.07,"end":616.31},{"text":"unique","start":616.31,"end":616.71},{"text":"in","start":616.95,"end":617.99},{"text":"this","start":617.99,"end":618.23},{"text":"regard","start":618.23,"end":618.63},{"text":"as","start":618.71,"end":618.95},{"text":"compared","start":618.95,"end":619.75},{"text":"to","start":621.03,"end":621.11},{"text":"others.","start":621.19,"end":621.83}]},{"text":"We must draw upon this strength.","start":622.15,"end":624.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":622.15,"end":622.39},{"text":"must","start":622.39,"end":622.79},{"text":"draw","start":622.79,"end":623.11},{"text":"upon","start":623.11,"end":623.67},{"text":"this","start":623.67,"end":624.19},{"text":"strength.","start":624.19,"end":624.71}]},{"text":"Preparations for the United Nations Conference on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity and for the Conference on the Protection of Persons in the Events of Disasters illustrate the continuing importance of the Committee's contribution to international treaty-making.","start":625.51,"end":641.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Preparations","start":625.51,"end":626.19},{"text":"for","start":626.19,"end":626.31},{"text":"the","start":626.31,"end":626.39},{"text":"United","start":626.39,"end":626.79},{"text":"Nations","start":626.79,"end":627.27},{"text":"Conference","start":627.27,"end":627.83},{"text":"on","start":627.87,"end":627.99},{"text":"the","start":627.99,"end":628.07},{"text":"Prevention","start":628.07,"end":628.79},{"text":"and","start":628.95,"end":629.19},{"text":"Punishment","start":629.19,"end":629.79},{"text":"of","start":629.79,"end":629.91},{"text":"Crimes","start":629.91,"end":630.47},{"text":"Against","start":630.47,"end":630.79},{"text":"Humanity","start":630.79,"end":631.43},{"text":"and","start":631.83,"end":632.07},{"text":"for","start":632.07,"end":632.23},{"text":"the","start":632.23,"end":632.35},{"text":"Conference","start":632.35,"end":632.95},{"text":"on","start":632.95,"end":633.03},{"text":"the","start":633.03,"end":633.15},{"text":"Protection","start":633.15,"end":633.71},{"text":"of","start":633.71,"end":633.83},{"text":"Persons","start":633.83,"end":634.31},{"text":"in","start":634.31,"end":634.47},{"text":"the","start":634.47,"end":634.59},{"text":"Events","start":634.59,"end":634.91},{"text":"of","start":634.91,"end":635.03},{"text":"Disasters","start":635.03,"end":635.83},{"text":"illustrate","start":636.07,"end":636.67},{"text":"the","start":636.67,"end":636.79},{"text":"continuing","start":636.79,"end":637.59},{"text":"importance","start":637.59,"end":638.23},{"text":"of","start":638.39,"end":638.55},{"text":"the","start":638.55,"end":638.71},{"text":"Committee's","start":638.71,"end":639.19},{"text":"contribution","start":639.19,"end":639.91},{"text":"to","start":639.91,"end":640.15},{"text":"international","start":640.39,"end":641.11},{"text":"treaty-making.","start":641.11,"end":641.99}]},{"text":"These processes call for careful legal consideration, broad participation, and a continued commitment to seeking outcomes capable of commanding the widest possible support.","start":642.87,"end":656.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":642.87,"end":643.35},{"text":"processes","start":643.35,"end":644.07},{"text":"call","start":644.39,"end":644.79},{"text":"for","start":644.79,"end":644.95},{"text":"careful","start":644.95,"end":645.75},{"text":"legal","start":645.99,"end":646.47},{"text":"consideration,","start":646.47,"end":647.43},{"text":"broad","start":647.75,"end":648.23},{"text":"participation,","start":648.23,"end":649.19},{"text":"and","start":649.43,"end":649.63},{"text":"a","start":649.63,"end":649.67},{"text":"continued","start":649.67,"end":650.31},{"text":"commitment","start":650.31,"end":650.95},{"text":"to","start":651.19,"end":651.27},{"text":"seeking","start":651.27,"end":651.83},{"text":"outcomes","start":651.83,"end":652.55},{"text":"capable","start":652.79,"end":653.43},{"text":"of","start":653.43,"end":653.59},{"text":"commanding","start":653.59,"end":654.31},{"text":"the","start":654.47,"end":654.71},{"text":"widest","start":654.71,"end":655.35},{"text":"possible","start":655.51,"end":656.07},{"text":"support.","start":656.23,"end":656.87}]},{"text":"Looking ahead, the Committee's consideration of the reports of the International Law Commission offers another important opportunity to advance the progressive development and codification of international law.","start":657.75,"end":670.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Looking","start":657.75,"end":658.15},{"text":"ahead,","start":658.15,"end":658.63},{"text":"the","start":658.79,"end":658.99},{"text":"Committee's","start":658.99,"end":659.59},{"text":"consideration","start":659.59,"end":660.47},{"text":"of","start":660.71,"end":660.79},{"text":"the","start":660.79,"end":660.95},{"text":"reports","start":660.95,"end":661.43},{"text":"of","start":661.43,"end":661.51},{"text":"the","start":661.51,"end":661.63},{"text":"International","start":661.63,"end":662.19},{"text":"Law","start":662.19,"end":662.31},{"text":"Commission","start":662.31,"end":662.87},{"text":"offers","start":663.27,"end":663.75},{"text":"another","start":663.83,"end":664.19},{"text":"important","start":664.19,"end":664.67},{"text":"opportunity","start":664.67,"end":665.43},{"text":"to","start":665.67,"end":665.79},{"text":"advance","start":665.83,"end":666.55},{"text":"the","start":666.63,"end":666.83},{"text":"progressive","start":666.83,"end":667.51},{"text":"development","start":667.51,"end":668.15},{"text":"and","start":668.15,"end":668.31},{"text":"codification","start":668.31,"end":669.19},{"text":"of","start":669.35,"end":669.51},{"text":"international","start":669.51,"end":670.35},{"text":"law.","start":670.35,"end":670.43}]},{"text":"Constructive exchanges during International Law Week can bring the Commission's independent expert contribution into dialogue with Member States' views and practice, reflecting the diversity of legal systems and traditions around the world.","start":671.03,"end":686.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Constructive","start":671.03,"end":671.75},{"text":"exchanges","start":671.75,"end":672.47},{"text":"during","start":672.47,"end":672.95},{"text":"International","start":673.11,"end":673.75},{"text":"Law","start":673.75,"end":673.91},{"text":"Week","start":673.91,"end":674.47},{"text":"can","start":674.63,"end":674.87},{"text":"bring","start":674.87,"end":675.35},{"text":"the","start":675.35,"end":675.43},{"text":"Commission's","start":675.43,"end":676.03},{"text":"independent","start":676.03,"end":676.71},{"text":"expert","start":676.71,"end":677.15},{"text":"contribution","start":677.15,"end":677.91},{"text":"into","start":678.15,"end":678.39},{"text":"dialogue","start":678.39,"end":679.03},{"text":"with","start":679.03,"end":679.27},{"text":"Member","start":679.27,"end":679.59},{"text":"States'","start":679.59,"end":680.07},{"text":"views","start":680.55,"end":681.03},{"text":"and","start":681.19,"end":681.35},{"text":"practice,","start":681.35,"end":681.91},{"text":"reflecting","start":682.15,"end":682.87},{"text":"the","start":682.87,"end":682.95},{"text":"diversity","start":682.95,"end":683.63},{"text":"of","start":683.63,"end":683.75},{"text":"legal","start":683.75,"end":684.07},{"text":"systems","start":684.07,"end":684.55},{"text":"and","start":684.63,"end":684.79},{"text":"traditions","start":684.79,"end":685.43},{"text":"around","start":685.59,"end":685.95},{"text":"the","start":685.95,"end":686.03},{"text":"world.","start":686.03,"end":686.39}]},{"text":"Excellencies, Doug Hemmings once said, \"The weakness of one is the weakness of all, and the strength of one is indirectly the strength of all.\"","start":686.95,"end":697.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":686.95,"end":687.75},{"text":"Doug","start":688.31,"end":688.63},{"text":"Hemmings","start":688.79,"end":689.35},{"text":"once","start":689.59,"end":690.11},{"text":"said,","start":690.11,"end":690.39},{"text":"\"The","start":690.63,"end":690.71},{"text":"weakness","start":690.71,"end":691.27},{"text":"of","start":691.27,"end":691.43},{"text":"one","start":691.43,"end":691.83},{"text":"is","start":691.83,"end":691.99},{"text":"the","start":691.99,"end":692.15},{"text":"weakness","start":692.15,"end":692.63},{"text":"of","start":692.63,"end":692.79},{"text":"all,","start":692.83,"end":693.27},{"text":"and","start":693.67,"end":693.87},{"text":"the","start":693.87,"end":693.95},{"text":"strength","start":693.95,"end":694.43},{"text":"of","start":694.43,"end":694.55},{"text":"one","start":694.55,"end":694.95},{"text":"is","start":694.95,"end":695.19},{"text":"indirectly","start":695.19,"end":695.99},{"text":"the","start":696.07,"end":696.23},{"text":"strength","start":696.23,"end":696.63},{"text":"of","start":696.63,"end":696.79},{"text":"all.\"","start":696.79,"end":697.19}]},{"text":"Multilateralism is indeed a shared enterprise, and international law provides predictability and stability that allow cooperation to succeed.","start":697.67,"end":707.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Multilateralism","start":697.67,"end":698.79},{"text":"is","start":698.79,"end":699.11},{"text":"indeed","start":699.11,"end":699.67},{"text":"a","start":699.67,"end":699.71},{"text":"shared","start":699.75,"end":700.23},{"text":"enterprise,","start":700.23,"end":701.03},{"text":"and","start":701.35,"end":701.55},{"text":"international","start":701.55,"end":702.19},{"text":"law","start":702.19,"end":702.31},{"text":"provides","start":702.31,"end":702.95},{"text":"predictability","start":703.11,"end":703.95},{"text":"and","start":703.95,"end":704.15},{"text":"stability","start":704.15,"end":704.87},{"text":"that","start":705.03,"end":705.35},{"text":"allow","start":705.35,"end":705.75},{"text":"cooperation","start":705.75,"end":706.47},{"text":"to","start":706.47,"end":706.79},{"text":"succeed.","start":706.95,"end":707.67}]},{"text":"The theme of this year, restoring trust, managing transformation, a United Nations that delivers for all, carries particular weight in this regard.","start":708.47,"end":720.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":708.47,"end":708.63},{"text":"theme","start":708.63,"end":709.11},{"text":"of","start":709.11,"end":709.27},{"text":"this","start":709.27,"end":709.51},{"text":"year,","start":709.51,"end":709.91},{"text":"restoring","start":710.55,"end":711.43},{"text":"trust,","start":712.31,"end":712.95},{"text":"managing","start":712.95,"end":713.51},{"text":"transformation,","start":713.51,"end":714.39},{"text":"a","start":714.79,"end":714.83},{"text":"United","start":714.83,"end":715.23},{"text":"Nations","start":715.23,"end":715.67},{"text":"that","start":715.67,"end":715.87},{"text":"delivers","start":715.87,"end":716.39},{"text":"for","start":716.39,"end":716.83},{"text":"all,","start":716.83,"end":717.11},{"text":"carries","start":717.35,"end":717.75},{"text":"particular","start":717.75,"end":718.55},{"text":"weight","start":718.71,"end":719.19},{"text":"in","start":719.27,"end":719.43},{"text":"this","start":719.43,"end":719.67},{"text":"regard.","start":719.67,"end":720.07}]},{"text":"Trust in international law depends on rules that are developed inclusively, observed consistently and applied for the benefit of all.","start":720.79,"end":729.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Trust","start":720.79,"end":721.27},{"text":"in","start":721.27,"end":721.51},{"text":"international","start":721.51,"end":722.19},{"text":"law","start":722.19,"end":722.27},{"text":"depends","start":722.71,"end":723.27},{"text":"on","start":723.27,"end":723.43},{"text":"rules","start":723.43,"end":723.91},{"text":"that","start":723.91,"end":724.15},{"text":"are","start":724.15,"end":724.23},{"text":"developed","start":724.23,"end":724.71},{"text":"inclusively,","start":724.71,"end":725.59},{"text":"observed","start":726.03,"end":726.59},{"text":"consistently","start":726.59,"end":727.55},{"text":"and","start":727.79,"end":728.03},{"text":"applied","start":728.03,"end":728.51},{"text":"for","start":728.51,"end":728.67},{"text":"the","start":728.67,"end":728.83},{"text":"benefit","start":728.83,"end":729.31},{"text":"of","start":729.31,"end":729.47},{"text":"all.","start":729.47,"end":729.95}]},{"text":"Together, let's build on this Committee's legacy and ensure that the law we develop today is equal to the challenges of tomorrow, grounded in the Charter, shaped by Member States, and capable of serving all 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stand ready, Madam Chairperson, and to support this work and wish you every success in your deliberations.","start":747.31,"end":755.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":747.31,"end":747.47},{"text":"stand","start":747.47,"end":747.87},{"text":"ready,","start":747.87,"end":748.35},{"text":"Madam","start":748.59,"end":748.91},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":748.91,"end":749.63},{"text":"and","start":750.31,"end":750.47},{"text":"to","start":751.15,"end":751.47},{"text":"support","start":751.47,"end":751.99},{"text":"this","start":751.99,"end":752.19},{"text":"work","start":752.19,"end":752.59},{"text":"and","start":752.67,"end":752.91},{"text":"wish","start":752.91,"end":753.23},{"text":"you","start":753.23,"end":753.47},{"text":"every","start":753.79,"end":754.15},{"text":"success","start":754.15,"end":754.75},{"text":"in","start":754.83,"end":755.03},{"text":"your","start":755.03,"end":755.15},{"text":"deliberations.","start":755.15,"end":755.95}]},{"text":"I thank 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also took note of your charge to me about what my end-of-session report should look like, and I can assure you that the committee has been working together towards making our work more efficient and looking at time 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am sure your presence today enhances our resolve in that regard.","start":829.71,"end":834.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":829.71,"end":829.75},{"text":"am","start":829.75,"end":829.95},{"text":"sure","start":829.95,"end":830.27},{"text":"your","start":830.27,"end":830.43},{"text":"presence","start":830.43,"end":831.07},{"text":"today","start":831.07,"end":831.47},{"text":"enhances","start":831.71,"end":832.51},{"text":"our","start":832.51,"end":832.71},{"text":"resolve","start":832.75,"end":833.39},{"text":"in","start":833.39,"end":833.55},{"text":"that","start":833.55,"end":833.87},{"text":"regard.","start":833.87,"end":834.35}]},{"text":"Once again, thank you very 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relevant report of the Secretary-General is contained in document A/81/205, which is available on the website of the Sixth 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remind you of the decision taken at our first meeting that statements delivered in a national capacity should be limited to seven minutes, while those delivered by groups of States will be limited to 12 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continued interest in this agenda item.","start":925.27,"end":930.15,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":925.27,"end":925.39},{"text":"United","start":925.39,"end":925.75},{"text":"States","start":925.75,"end":926.07},{"text":"appreciates","start":926.07,"end":926.71},{"text":"the","start":926.71,"end":926.87},{"text":"Sixth","start":926.87,"end":927.19},{"text":"Committee's","start":927.19,"end":927.75},{"text":"continued","start":927.75,"end":928.39},{"text":"interest","start":928.39,"end":928.83},{"text":"in","start":928.83,"end":928.95},{"text":"this","start":928.95,"end":929.11},{"text":"agenda","start":929.11,"end":929.67},{"text":"item.","start":929.67,"end":930.15}]},{"text":"Over the years, the Committee has engaged in thoughtful discussions on universal jurisdiction, including on the concept's definition, scope, and application.","start":930.79,"end":940.47,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":930.79,"end":931.11},{"text":"the","start":931.11,"end":931.19},{"text":"years,","start":931.19,"end":931.83},{"text":"the","start":931.99,"end":932.11},{"text":"Committee","start":932.11,"end":932.47},{"text":"has","start":932.47,"end":932.71},{"text":"engaged","start":932.71,"end":933.15},{"text":"in","start":933.15,"end":933.35},{"text":"thoughtful","start":933.35,"end":933.83},{"text":"discussions","start":933.83,"end":934.47},{"text":"on","start":934.47,"end":934.59},{"text":"universal","start":934.59,"end":935.11},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":935.11,"end":936.07},{"text":"including","start":936.39,"end":936.95},{"text":"on","start":936.95,"end":937.03},{"text":"the","start":937.03,"end":937.11},{"text":"concept's","start":937.11,"end":937.83},{"text":"definition,","start":937.83,"end":938.71},{"text":"scope,","start":938.79,"end":939.35},{"text":"and","start":939.43,"end":939.63},{"text":"application.","start":939.63,"end":940.47}]},{"text":"We also thank the Secretary General for his reports, including his most recent report, which have usefully summarized the submissions made by states on this topic.","start":941.39,"end":949.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":941.39,"end":941.43},{"text":"also","start":941.43,"end":941.71},{"text":"thank","start":941.71,"end":941.95},{"text":"the","start":941.95,"end":942.07},{"text":"Secretary","start":942.07,"end":942.59},{"text":"General","start":942.59,"end":943.07},{"text":"for","start":943.07,"end":943.23},{"text":"his","start":943.23,"end":943.39},{"text":"reports,","start":943.39,"end":944.11},{"text":"including","start":944.11,"end":944.63},{"text":"his","start":944.63,"end":944.75},{"text":"most","start":944.75,"end":944.99},{"text":"recent","start":944.99,"end":945.39},{"text":"report,","start":945.39,"end":945.91},{"text":"which","start":945.91,"end":946.11},{"text":"have","start":946.11,"end":946.27},{"text":"usefully","start":946.27,"end":946.75},{"text":"summarized","start":946.75,"end":947.31},{"text":"the","start":947.31,"end":947.43},{"text":"submissions","start":947.43,"end":948.11},{"text":"made","start":948.11,"end":948.35},{"text":"by","start":948.35,"end":948.51},{"text":"states","start":948.51,"end":948.99},{"text":"on","start":948.99,"end":949.07},{"text":"this","start":949.07,"end":949.31},{"text":"topic.","start":949.31,"end":949.87}]},{"text":"While the United States remains interested in further exploring issues related to the practical application of universal jurisdiction, basic questions do remain about how jurisdiction should be exercised in relation to certain grave offenses.","start":950.91,"end":964.67,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":950.91,"end":951.07},{"text":"the","start":951.07,"end":951.19},{"text":"United","start":951.19,"end":951.55},{"text":"States","start":951.55,"end":951.87},{"text":"remains","start":951.87,"end":952.27},{"text":"interested","start":952.27,"end":952.71},{"text":"in","start":952.71,"end":952.83},{"text":"further","start":952.83,"end":953.19},{"text":"exploring","start":953.19,"end":953.79},{"text":"issues","start":953.79,"end":954.23},{"text":"related","start":954.23,"end":954.59},{"text":"to","start":954.59,"end":954.75},{"text":"the","start":954.75,"end":954.87},{"text":"practical","start":954.87,"end":955.55},{"text":"application","start":955.55,"end":956.27},{"text":"of","start":956.27,"end":956.35},{"text":"universal","start":956.35,"end":956.87},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":956.87,"end":957.71},{"text":"basic","start":958.27,"end":958.71},{"text":"questions","start":958.71,"end":959.23},{"text":"do","start":959.23,"end":959.47},{"text":"remain","start":959.47,"end":959.87},{"text":"about","start":959.87,"end":960.19},{"text":"how","start":960.19,"end":960.43},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":960.43,"end":961.15},{"text":"should","start":961.15,"end":961.31},{"text":"be","start":961.31,"end":961.55},{"text":"exercised","start":961.55,"end":962.39},{"text":"in","start":962.39,"end":962.51},{"text":"relation","start":962.51,"end":962.99},{"text":"to","start":962.99,"end":963.07},{"text":"certain","start":963.07,"end":963.47},{"text":"grave","start":963.47,"end":963.79},{"text":"offenses.","start":963.87,"end":964.67}]},{"text":"It is crucial to take into account states' views and practices in this regard.","start":965.31,"end":969.95,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":965.31,"end":965.43},{"text":"is","start":965.43,"end":965.55},{"text":"crucial","start":965.55,"end":966.03},{"text":"to","start":966.03,"end":966.23},{"text":"take","start":966.23,"end":966.51},{"text":"into","start":966.59,"end":966.95},{"text":"account","start":966.95,"end":967.31},{"text":"states'","start":967.31,"end":967.71},{"text":"views","start":967.71,"end":968.11},{"text":"and","start":968.11,"end":968.27},{"text":"practices","start":968.27,"end":968.99},{"text":"in","start":968.99,"end":969.11},{"text":"this","start":969.11,"end":969.31},{"text":"regard.","start":969.31,"end":969.95}]},{"text":"These considerations are particularly salient given the importance of this issue and its long history as a part of international law relating to piracy.","start":970.91,"end":979.07,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":970.91,"end":971.07},{"text":"considerations","start":971.07,"end":971.87},{"text":"are","start":971.87,"end":971.99},{"text":"particularly","start":971.99,"end":972.75},{"text":"salient","start":972.75,"end":973.35},{"text":"given","start":973.35,"end":973.59},{"text":"the","start":973.59,"end":973.67},{"text":"importance","start":973.67,"end":974.19},{"text":"of","start":974.19,"end":974.27},{"text":"this","start":974.27,"end":974.51},{"text":"issue","start":974.51,"end":974.95},{"text":"and","start":974.95,"end":975.11},{"text":"its","start":975.11,"end":975.23},{"text":"long","start":975.23,"end":975.55},{"text":"history","start":975.55,"end":975.99},{"text":"as","start":975.99,"end":976.11},{"text":"a","start":976.11,"end":976.19},{"text":"part","start":976.19,"end":976.43},{"text":"of","start":976.43,"end":976.51},{"text":"international","start":976.51,"end":977.27},{"text":"law","start":977.27,"end":977.55},{"text":"relating","start":977.79,"end":978.19},{"text":"to","start":978.19,"end":978.27},{"text":"piracy.","start":978.27,"end":979.07}]},{"text":"In that regard, we note the utility of submissions made by states to date and the Secretary General's reports in helping us to identify differences of opinion among states, as well as points of consensus on this issue.","start":979.99,"end":992.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":979.99,"end":980.15},{"text":"that","start":980.15,"end":980.35},{"text":"regard,","start":980.35,"end":980.83},{"text":"we","start":980.83,"end":980.91},{"text":"note","start":980.91,"end":981.11},{"text":"the","start":981.11,"end":981.19},{"text":"utility","start":981.23,"end":981.75},{"text":"of","start":981.75,"end":981.87},{"text":"submissions","start":981.87,"end":982.51},{"text":"made","start":982.51,"end":982.67},{"text":"by","start":982.67,"end":982.83},{"text":"states","start":982.83,"end":983.15},{"text":"to","start":983.15,"end":983.31},{"text":"date","start":983.31,"end":983.71},{"text":"and","start":984.11,"end":984.35},{"text":"the","start":984.35,"end":984.43},{"text":"Secretary","start":984.43,"end":984.91},{"text":"General's","start":984.91,"end":985.39},{"text":"reports","start":985.39,"end":985.95},{"text":"in","start":986.03,"end":986.19},{"text":"helping","start":986.19,"end":986.55},{"text":"us","start":986.55,"end":986.67},{"text":"to","start":986.67,"end":986.83},{"text":"identify","start":986.83,"end":987.31},{"text":"differences","start":987.31,"end":987.91},{"text":"of","start":987.91,"end":988.03},{"text":"opinion","start":988.03,"end":988.51},{"text":"among","start":988.51,"end":988.83},{"text":"states,","start":988.83,"end":989.39},{"text":"as","start":989.79,"end":989.95},{"text":"well","start":989.95,"end":990.15},{"text":"as","start":990.15,"end":990.27},{"text":"points","start":990.27,"end":990.59},{"text":"of","start":990.59,"end":990.67},{"text":"consensus","start":990.67,"end":991.39},{"text":"on","start":991.39,"end":991.55},{"text":"this","start":991.55,"end":991.79},{"text":"issue.","start":991.79,"end":992.19}]},{"text":"The United States continues to analyze the contributions of other states and organizations And we look forward to receiving further input from States and exploring these issues in as practical a manner as possible, including through the working group to be convened during this session.","start":992.91,"end":1008.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be 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you, Chair.","start":1008.79,"end":1009.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1008.79,"end":1008.99},{"text":"you,","start":1008.99,"end":1009.07},{"text":"Chair.","start":1009.07,"end":1009.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"USA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United States of America"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":1010.99,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=16:51","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United States of America for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1025.77,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=17:06","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chairperson, I thank you for giving me the floor.","start":1025.77,"end":1028.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1025.77,"end":1026.17},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":1026.17,"end":1026.81},{"text":"I","start":1026.89,"end":1027.05},{"text":"thank","start":1027.13,"end":1027.53},{"text":"you","start":1027.53,"end":1027.61},{"text":"for","start":1027.61,"end":1027.77},{"text":"giving","start":1027.77,"end":1028.09},{"text":"me","start":1028.09,"end":1028.25},{"text":"the","start":1028.25,"end":1028.37},{"text":"floor.","start":1028.37,"end":1028.85}]},{"text":"Zambia aligns itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished delegate of Cameroon on behalf of the African group, as well as the statement delivered by the distinguished delegate of the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the non-aligned movement.","start":1029.87,"end":1043.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Zambia","start":1029.87,"end":1030.31},{"text":"aligns","start":1030.31,"end":1030.99},{"text":"itself","start":1030.99,"end":1031.71},{"text":"with","start":1031.79,"end":1031.99},{"text":"the","start":1031.99,"end":1032.07},{"text":"statement","start":1032.07,"end":1032.55},{"text":"delivered","start":1032.55,"end":1032.99},{"text":"by","start":1032.99,"end":1033.15},{"text":"the","start":1033.15,"end":1033.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":1033.27,"end":1033.79},{"text":"delegate","start":1033.79,"end":1034.23},{"text":"of","start":1034.23,"end":1034.35},{"text":"Cameroon","start":1034.35,"end":1034.99},{"text":"on","start":1034.99,"end":1035.23},{"text":"behalf","start":1035.23,"end":1035.55},{"text":"of","start":1035.55,"end":1035.63},{"text":"the","start":1035.63,"end":1035.75},{"text":"African","start":1035.75,"end":1036.19},{"text":"group,","start":1036.19,"end":1036.51},{"text":"as","start":1036.91,"end":1037.15},{"text":"well","start":1037.15,"end":1037.35},{"text":"as","start":1037.35,"end":1037.47},{"text":"the","start":1037.47,"end":1037.55},{"text":"statement","start":1037.55,"end":1038.07},{"text":"delivered","start":1038.07,"end":1038.43},{"text":"by","start":1038.43,"end":1038.59},{"text":"the","start":1038.59,"end":1038.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":1038.67,"end":1039.19},{"text":"delegate","start":1039.19,"end":1039.71},{"text":"of","start":1039.71,"end":1039.79},{"text":"the","start":1039.79,"end":1039.91},{"text":"Islamic","start":1039.91,"end":1040.31},{"text":"Republic","start":1040.31,"end":1040.75},{"text":"of","start":1040.75,"end":1040.91},{"text":"Iran","start":1040.91,"end":1041.23},{"text":"on","start":1041.23,"end":1041.39},{"text":"behalf","start":1041.39,"end":1041.95},{"text":"of","start":1041.95,"end":1042.43},{"text":"the","start":1042.59,"end":1042.75},{"text":"non-aligned","start":1042.75,"end":1043.39},{"text":"movement.","start":1043.39,"end":1043.83}]},{"text":"We now wish to make the following remarks in our national capacity.","start":1044.51,"end":1048.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1044.51,"end":1044.67},{"text":"now","start":1044.67,"end":1044.91},{"text":"wish","start":1044.91,"end":1045.23},{"text":"to","start":1045.23,"end":1045.35},{"text":"make","start":1045.35,"end":1045.55},{"text":"the","start":1045.55,"end":1045.67},{"text":"following","start":1045.67,"end":1046.11},{"text":"remarks","start":1046.11,"end":1046.59},{"text":"in","start":1046.59,"end":1046.75},{"text":"our","start":1046.75,"end":1046.87},{"text":"national","start":1046.87,"end":1047.31},{"text":"capacity.","start":1047.31,"end":1048.03}]},{"text":"Zambia thanks the Secretary-General for his report contained in document A/81/205, prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution 80/168.","start":1048.91,"end":1061.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Zambia","start":1048.91,"end":1049.23},{"text":"thanks","start":1049.23,"end":1049.63},{"text":"the","start":1049.63,"end":1049.79},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1049.79,"end":1050.79},{"text":"for","start":1050.83,"end":1050.99},{"text":"his","start":1050.99,"end":1051.23},{"text":"report","start":1051.23,"end":1051.79},{"text":"contained","start":1051.79,"end":1052.51},{"text":"in","start":1052.51,"end":1052.67},{"text":"document","start":1052.67,"end":1053.23},{"text":"A/81/205,","start":1053.23,"end":1055.95},{"text":"prepared","start":1056.55,"end":1057.67},{"text":"pursuant","start":1057.67,"end":1058.27},{"text":"to","start":1058.27,"end":1058.35},{"text":"General","start":1058.39,"end":1058.71},{"text":"Assembly","start":1058.71,"end":1059.03},{"text":"resolution","start":1059.03,"end":1059.83},{"text":"80/168.","start":1059.83,"end":1061.99}]},{"text":"The Secretary-General's report contains observations and proposals from across region of states and other relevant observers whose contributions we are grateful for.","start":1062.39,"end":1074.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1062.39,"end":1062.55},{"text":"Secretary-General's","start":1062.55,"end":1063.67},{"text":"report","start":1063.67,"end":1064.07},{"text":"contains","start":1064.07,"end":1064.91},{"text":"observations","start":1064.91,"end":1065.67},{"text":"and","start":1065.67,"end":1065.79},{"text":"proposals","start":1065.79,"end":1066.63},{"text":"from","start":1066.87,"end":1067.11},{"text":"across","start":1067.11,"end":1067.83},{"text":"region","start":1067.83,"end":1068.31},{"text":"of","start":1068.31,"end":1068.39},{"text":"states","start":1068.39,"end":1069.03},{"text":"and","start":1069.27,"end":1069.51},{"text":"other","start":1069.51,"end":1069.79},{"text":"relevant","start":1069.79,"end":1070.23},{"text":"observers","start":1070.23,"end":1071.11},{"text":"whose","start":1071.11,"end":1071.35},{"text":"contributions","start":1071.35,"end":1072.55},{"text":"we","start":1072.55,"end":1072.87},{"text":"are","start":1072.87,"end":1073.11},{"text":"grateful","start":1073.11,"end":1073.67},{"text":"for.","start":1073.67,"end":1074.15}]},{"text":"Madam Chairperson, the international legal order and multilateralism face severe tests today.","start":1074.87,"end":1082.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1074.87,"end":1075.27},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":1075.27,"end":1075.99},{"text":"the","start":1076.15,"end":1076.35},{"text":"international","start":1076.35,"end":1077.03},{"text":"legal","start":1077.03,"end":1077.51},{"text":"order","start":1077.51,"end":1077.99},{"text":"and","start":1078.15,"end":1078.55},{"text":"multilateralism","start":1078.55,"end":1079.59},{"text":"face","start":1079.91,"end":1080.47},{"text":"severe","start":1080.55,"end":1081.19},{"text":"tests","start":1081.19,"end":1081.83},{"text":"today.","start":1081.83,"end":1082.39}]},{"text":"It is disconcerting that the international rule of law and the protection of human rights are rapidly declining.","start":1082.91,"end":1090.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1082.91,"end":1083.07},{"text":"is","start":1083.07,"end":1083.23},{"text":"disconcerting","start":1083.23,"end":1084.19},{"text":"that","start":1084.51,"end":1084.99},{"text":"the","start":1085.07,"end":1085.27},{"text":"international","start":1085.27,"end":1085.95},{"text":"rule","start":1085.95,"end":1086.23},{"text":"of","start":1086.23,"end":1086.35},{"text":"law","start":1086.35,"end":1086.63},{"text":"and","start":1087.07,"end":1087.27},{"text":"the","start":1087.27,"end":1087.39},{"text":"protection","start":1087.39,"end":1087.87},{"text":"of","start":1087.87,"end":1087.95},{"text":"human","start":1087.95,"end":1088.31},{"text":"rights","start":1088.31,"end":1088.67},{"text":"are","start":1088.99,"end":1089.19},{"text":"rapidly","start":1089.19,"end":1089.63},{"text":"declining.","start":1089.63,"end":1090.35}]},{"text":"It is in this context that the appropriate use of the tool of universal jurisdiction becomes all the more important.","start":1090.75,"end":1098.99,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1090.75,"end":1090.99},{"text":"is","start":1090.99,"end":1091.11},{"text":"in","start":1091.11,"end":1091.23},{"text":"this","start":1091.23,"end":1091.55},{"text":"context","start":1091.55,"end":1092.19},{"text":"that","start":1092.43,"end":1092.67},{"text":"the","start":1092.67,"end":1092.87},{"text":"appropriate","start":1092.87,"end":1093.63},{"text":"use","start":1093.63,"end":1094.03},{"text":"of","start":1094.03,"end":1094.19},{"text":"the","start":1094.19,"end":1094.31},{"text":"tool","start":1094.35,"end":1094.87},{"text":"of","start":1094.87,"end":1094.99},{"text":"universal","start":1094.99,"end":1095.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1095.63,"end":1096.35},{"text":"becomes","start":1096.51,"end":1097.23},{"text":"all","start":1097.23,"end":1097.63},{"text":"the","start":1097.63,"end":1097.75},{"text":"more","start":1097.75,"end":1098.19},{"text":"important.","start":1098.19,"end":1098.99}]},{"text":"The principle of universal jurisdiction is subject to the fundamental principle that where a serious crime has been committed, the state with a direct connection to the crime bears the primary responsibility for investigating and prosecuting the crime in question.","start":1099.67,"end":1115.83,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1099.67,"end":1099.79},{"text":"principle","start":1099.79,"end":1100.31},{"text":"of","start":1100.31,"end":1100.39},{"text":"universal","start":1100.39,"end":1100.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1100.87,"end":1101.67},{"text":"is","start":1101.67,"end":1101.87},{"text":"subject","start":1101.87,"end":1102.31},{"text":"to","start":1102.31,"end":1102.39},{"text":"the","start":1102.39,"end":1102.51},{"text":"fundamental","start":1102.51,"end":1103.19},{"text":"principle","start":1103.19,"end":1103.83},{"text":"that","start":1103.83,"end":1104.03},{"text":"where","start":1104.03,"end":1104.39},{"text":"a","start":1104.39,"end":1104.43},{"text":"serious","start":1104.43,"end":1105.11},{"text":"crime","start":1105.11,"end":1105.59},{"text":"has","start":1105.83,"end":1106.07},{"text":"been","start":1106.07,"end":1106.31},{"text":"committed,","start":1106.31,"end":1106.87},{"text":"the","start":1107.19,"end":1107.35},{"text":"state","start":1107.35,"end":1107.83},{"text":"with","start":1107.83,"end":1107.99},{"text":"a","start":1107.99,"end":1108.03},{"text":"direct","start":1108.03,"end":1108.55},{"text":"connection","start":1108.55,"end":1109.07},{"text":"to","start":1109.07,"end":1109.19},{"text":"the","start":1109.19,"end":1109.27},{"text":"crime","start":1109.27,"end":1109.67},{"text":"bears","start":1109.83,"end":1110.11},{"text":"the","start":1110.11,"end":1110.23},{"text":"primary","start":1110.23,"end":1110.83},{"text":"responsibility","start":1110.83,"end":1111.83},{"text":"for","start":1112.07,"end":1112.23},{"text":"investigating","start":1112.23,"end":1113.19},{"text":"and","start":1113.19,"end":1113.43},{"text":"prosecuting","start":1113.43,"end":1114.23},{"text":"the","start":1114.23,"end":1114.39},{"text":"crime","start":1114.55,"end":1115.03},{"text":"in","start":1115.03,"end":1115.19},{"text":"question.","start":1115.19,"end":1115.83}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction is therefore a complimentary mechanism which closes a jurisdictional gap where a state in whose territory a serious crime has been committed or whose national has committed a serious crime, is unable and willing to prosecute the alleged perpetrator.","start":1116.39,"end":1135.19,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1116.39,"end":1117.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1117.11,"end":1117.99},{"text":"is","start":1118.07,"end":1118.55},{"text":"therefore","start":1118.55,"end":1119.11},{"text":"a","start":1119.51,"end":1119.55},{"text":"complimentary","start":1119.55,"end":1120.39},{"text":"mechanism","start":1120.39,"end":1121.11},{"text":"which","start":1121.39,"end":1121.75},{"text":"closes","start":1121.75,"end":1122.31},{"text":"a","start":1122.31,"end":1122.39},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":1122.39,"end":1123.15},{"text":"gap","start":1123.15,"end":1123.51},{"text":"where","start":1123.79,"end":1124.11},{"text":"a","start":1124.11,"end":1124.15},{"text":"state","start":1124.15,"end":1124.67},{"text":"in","start":1124.67,"end":1124.79},{"text":"whose","start":1124.79,"end":1125.03},{"text":"territory","start":1125.03,"end":1125.63},{"text":"a","start":1125.63,"end":1125.67},{"text":"serious","start":1125.67,"end":1126.15},{"text":"crime","start":1126.15,"end":1126.55},{"text":"has","start":1126.55,"end":1126.75},{"text":"been","start":1126.75,"end":1126.95},{"text":"committed","start":1126.95,"end":1127.51},{"text":"or","start":1127.99,"end":1128.15},{"text":"whose","start":1128.15,"end":1128.55},{"text":"national","start":1128.55,"end":1129.03},{"text":"has","start":1129.03,"end":1129.51},{"text":"committed","start":1129.51,"end":1130.07},{"text":"a","start":1130.07,"end":1130.11},{"text":"serious","start":1130.11,"end":1130.55},{"text":"crime,","start":1130.55,"end":1130.95},{"text":"is","start":1131.27,"end":1131.51},{"text":"unable","start":1131.51,"end":1131.99},{"text":"and","start":1131.99,"end":1132.15},{"text":"willing","start":1132.15,"end":1132.47},{"text":"to","start":1132.47,"end":1132.59},{"text":"prosecute","start":1132.59,"end":1133.35},{"text":"the","start":1133.51,"end":1133.71},{"text":"alleged","start":1133.71,"end":1134.31},{"text":"perpetrator.","start":1134.47,"end":1135.19}]},{"text":"Simply put, Madam Chairperson, universal jurisdiction is therefore subject to the territoriality or nationality principle.","start":1136.07,"end":1144.31,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Simply","start":1136.07,"end":1136.55},{"text":"put,","start":1136.55,"end":1136.87},{"text":"Madam","start":1136.87,"end":1137.19},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":1137.19,"end":1137.91},{"text":"universal","start":1138.15,"end":1138.79},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1138.79,"end":1139.43},{"text":"is","start":1139.43,"end":1139.83},{"text":"therefore","start":1140.47,"end":1140.99},{"text":"subject","start":1140.99,"end":1141.55},{"text":"to","start":1141.55,"end":1141.63},{"text":"the","start":1141.63,"end":1141.75},{"text":"territoriality","start":1141.75,"end":1142.87},{"text":"or","start":1142.87,"end":1142.99},{"text":"nationality","start":1142.99,"end":1143.67},{"text":"principle.","start":1143.67,"end":1144.31}]},{"text":"The primary responsibility for the exercise of criminal jurisdiction is reposed in the state in whose territory the crime occurred or the state of nationality of the alleged perpetrator.","start":1144.87,"end":1155.55,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1144.87,"end":1145.03},{"text":"primary","start":1145.03,"end":1145.55},{"text":"responsibility","start":1145.55,"end":1146.47},{"text":"for","start":1146.47,"end":1146.63},{"text":"the","start":1146.63,"end":1146.75},{"text":"exercise","start":1146.75,"end":1147.39},{"text":"of","start":1147.39,"end":1147.51},{"text":"criminal","start":1147.51,"end":1147.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1147.83,"end":1148.63},{"text":"is","start":1148.79,"end":1148.95},{"text":"reposed","start":1148.95,"end":1149.47},{"text":"in","start":1149.47,"end":1149.59},{"text":"the","start":1149.59,"end":1149.67},{"text":"state","start":1149.67,"end":1150.15},{"text":"in","start":1150.15,"end":1150.31},{"text":"whose","start":1150.31,"end":1150.55},{"text":"territory","start":1150.55,"end":1151.19},{"text":"the","start":1151.27,"end":1151.43},{"text":"crime","start":1151.43,"end":1151.75},{"text":"occurred","start":1151.75,"end":1152.23},{"text":"or","start":1152.55,"end":1152.71},{"text":"the","start":1152.71,"end":1152.87},{"text":"state","start":1152.87,"end":1153.19},{"text":"of","start":1153.23,"end":1153.35},{"text":"nationality","start":1153.35,"end":1154.15},{"text":"of","start":1154.15,"end":1154.31},{"text":"the","start":1154.31,"end":1154.39},{"text":"alleged","start":1154.39,"end":1154.75},{"text":"perpetrator.","start":1154.79,"end":1155.55}]},{"text":"Madam Chairperson, the notion underpinning the principle of universal jurisdiction is that certain crimes such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity are so detrimental to the conscience and safety of humanity that they affect the international community as a whole.","start":1156.19,"end":1172.03,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1156.19,"end":1156.59},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":1156.59,"end":1157.31},{"text":"the","start":1157.31,"end":1157.47},{"text":"notion","start":1157.47,"end":1157.95},{"text":"underpinning","start":1157.95,"end":1158.51},{"text":"the","start":1158.51,"end":1158.67},{"text":"principle","start":1158.67,"end":1159.19},{"text":"of","start":1159.19,"end":1159.31},{"text":"universal","start":1159.31,"end":1159.79},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1159.79,"end":1160.43},{"text":"is","start":1160.83,"end":1161.07},{"text":"that","start":1161.07,"end":1161.23},{"text":"certain","start":1161.23,"end":1161.63},{"text":"crimes","start":1161.63,"end":1162.03},{"text":"such","start":1162.03,"end":1162.23},{"text":"as","start":1162.23,"end":1162.35},{"text":"genocide,","start":1162.35,"end":1163.07},{"text":"war","start":1163.07,"end":1163.35},{"text":"crimes,","start":1163.35,"end":1163.87},{"text":"and","start":1163.87,"end":1163.99},{"text":"crimes","start":1163.99,"end":1164.35},{"text":"against","start":1164.35,"end":1164.71},{"text":"humanity","start":1164.71,"end":1165.31},{"text":"are","start":1165.63,"end":1165.75},{"text":"so","start":1165.75,"end":1166.19},{"text":"detrimental","start":1166.19,"end":1166.87},{"text":"to","start":1166.87,"end":1166.95},{"text":"the","start":1166.95,"end":1167.07},{"text":"conscience","start":1167.07,"end":1167.63},{"text":"and","start":1167.63,"end":1167.79},{"text":"safety","start":1167.79,"end":1168.23},{"text":"of","start":1168.23,"end":1168.31},{"text":"humanity","start":1168.31,"end":1168.99},{"text":"that","start":1169.31,"end":1169.55},{"text":"they","start":1169.55,"end":1169.71},{"text":"affect","start":1169.71,"end":1170.15},{"text":"the","start":1170.15,"end":1170.23},{"text":"international","start":1170.23,"end":1170.83},{"text":"community","start":1170.83,"end":1171.43},{"text":"as","start":1171.43,"end":1171.55},{"text":"a","start":1171.55,"end":1171.63},{"text":"whole.","start":1171.63,"end":1172.03}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction is therefore of practical value in the fight against impunity.","start":1172.43,"end":1178.51,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1172.43,"end":1173.07},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1173.07,"end":1173.95},{"text":"is","start":1174.27,"end":1174.59},{"text":"therefore","start":1174.59,"end":1175.23},{"text":"of","start":1175.23,"end":1175.31},{"text":"practical","start":1175.31,"end":1175.87},{"text":"value","start":1175.87,"end":1176.43},{"text":"in","start":1176.59,"end":1176.75},{"text":"the","start":1176.75,"end":1176.91},{"text":"fight","start":1176.91,"end":1177.31},{"text":"against","start":1177.31,"end":1177.79},{"text":"impunity.","start":1177.79,"end":1178.51}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction must be understood within the prism of the broader corpus of international law.","start":1178.99,"end":1184.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1178.99,"end":1179.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1179.63,"end":1180.23},{"text":"must","start":1180.23,"end":1180.43},{"text":"be","start":1180.43,"end":1180.55},{"text":"understood","start":1180.55,"end":1181.15},{"text":"within","start":1181.15,"end":1181.47},{"text":"the","start":1181.47,"end":1181.63},{"text":"prism","start":1181.63,"end":1181.99},{"text":"of","start":1181.99,"end":1182.11},{"text":"the","start":1182.11,"end":1182.23},{"text":"broader","start":1182.23,"end":1182.67},{"text":"corpus","start":1182.67,"end":1183.11},{"text":"of","start":1183.11,"end":1183.23},{"text":"international","start":1183.23,"end":1184.11},{"text":"law.","start":1184.11,"end":1184.19}]},{"text":"This means that universal jurisdiction as a legal principle must conform to the other established principles of public international law.","start":1184.63,"end":1192.47,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1184.63,"end":1184.87},{"text":"means","start":1184.87,"end":1185.23},{"text":"that","start":1185.23,"end":1185.51},{"text":"universal","start":1185.51,"end":1186.07},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1186.07,"end":1186.87},{"text":"as","start":1187.11,"end":1187.39},{"text":"a","start":1187.39,"end":1187.43},{"text":"legal","start":1187.43,"end":1187.79},{"text":"principle","start":1187.79,"end":1188.31},{"text":"must","start":1188.31,"end":1188.63},{"text":"conform","start":1188.63,"end":1189.27},{"text":"to","start":1189.27,"end":1189.43},{"text":"the","start":1189.43,"end":1189.55},{"text":"other","start":1189.67,"end":1189.95},{"text":"established","start":1189.95,"end":1190.51},{"text":"principles","start":1190.51,"end":1191.03},{"text":"of","start":1191.07,"end":1191.15},{"text":"public","start":1191.15,"end":1191.55},{"text":"international","start":1191.55,"end":1192.39},{"text":"law.","start":1192.39,"end":1192.47}]},{"text":"The principle of universal jurisdiction found early international recognition in the Nuremberg trials and in the Geneva Conventions on International Humanitarian Law of 1949.","start":1192.95,"end":1204.31,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1192.95,"end":1193.11},{"text":"principle","start":1193.11,"end":1193.63},{"text":"of","start":1193.63,"end":1193.71},{"text":"universal","start":1193.71,"end":1194.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1194.23,"end":1195.03},{"text":"found","start":1195.19,"end":1195.59},{"text":"early","start":1195.83,"end":1196.47},{"text":"international","start":1196.55,"end":1197.19},{"text":"recognition","start":1197.19,"end":1197.83},{"text":"in","start":1197.83,"end":1197.91},{"text":"the","start":1197.91,"end":1198.03},{"text":"Nuremberg","start":1198.03,"end":1198.59},{"text":"trials","start":1198.59,"end":1199.19},{"text":"and","start":1199.43,"end":1199.67},{"text":"in","start":1199.67,"end":1199.83},{"text":"the","start":1199.83,"end":1199.95},{"text":"Geneva","start":1199.95,"end":1200.39},{"text":"Conventions","start":1200.39,"end":1201.19},{"text":"on","start":1201.19,"end":1201.35},{"text":"International","start":1201.35,"end":1201.99},{"text":"Humanitarian","start":1201.99,"end":1202.71},{"text":"Law","start":1202.71,"end":1203.07},{"text":"of","start":1203.07,"end":1203.19},{"text":"1949.","start":1203.19,"end":1204.31}]},{"text":"The Geneva Conventions are explicit that all States Parties to the Conventions must prosecute war crimes in their domestic courts or surrender alleged perpetrators to another State that will prosecute the alleged perpetrators.","start":1204.75,"end":1218.67,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1204.75,"end":1204.91},{"text":"Geneva","start":1204.91,"end":1205.39},{"text":"Conventions","start":1205.39,"end":1205.99},{"text":"are","start":1205.99,"end":1206.07},{"text":"explicit","start":1206.07,"end":1206.75},{"text":"that","start":1206.99,"end":1207.23},{"text":"all","start":1207.23,"end":1207.39},{"text":"States","start":1207.39,"end":1207.87},{"text":"Parties","start":1207.87,"end":1208.27},{"text":"to","start":1208.27,"end":1208.35},{"text":"the","start":1208.35,"end":1208.47},{"text":"Conventions","start":1208.47,"end":1209.15},{"text":"must","start":1209.15,"end":1209.35},{"text":"prosecute","start":1209.35,"end":1209.87},{"text":"war","start":1209.87,"end":1210.19},{"text":"crimes","start":1210.19,"end":1210.75},{"text":"in","start":1210.99,"end":1211.15},{"text":"their","start":1211.15,"end":1211.35},{"text":"domestic","start":1211.35,"end":1211.91},{"text":"courts","start":1211.91,"end":1212.35},{"text":"or","start":1212.75,"end":1212.99},{"text":"surrender","start":1212.99,"end":1213.55},{"text":"alleged","start":1213.55,"end":1213.91},{"text":"perpetrators","start":1213.91,"end":1214.75},{"text":"to","start":1214.99,"end":1215.11},{"text":"another","start":1215.11,"end":1215.55},{"text":"State","start":1215.55,"end":1216.03},{"text":"that","start":1216.19,"end":1216.43},{"text":"will","start":1216.43,"end":1216.55},{"text":"prosecute","start":1216.55,"end":1217.11},{"text":"the","start":1217.11,"end":1217.19},{"text":"alleged","start":1217.19,"end":1217.71},{"text":"perpetrators.","start":1217.87,"end":1218.67}]},{"text":"Madam Chairperson, Zambia is a firm supporter of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":1219.23,"end":1223.87,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1219.23,"end":1219.63},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":1219.63,"end":1220.35},{"text":"Zambia","start":1220.43,"end":1220.91},{"text":"is","start":1220.91,"end":1221.07},{"text":"a","start":1221.07,"end":1221.15},{"text":"firm","start":1221.15,"end":1221.39},{"text":"supporter","start":1221.39,"end":1221.87},{"text":"of","start":1221.87,"end":1221.95},{"text":"the","start":1221.95,"end":1222.07},{"text":"principle","start":1222.07,"end":1222.47},{"text":"of","start":1222.47,"end":1222.59},{"text":"universal","start":1222.59,"end":1223.07},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1223.07,"end":1223.87}]},{"text":"Zambia is a State Party to the Geneva Conventions as well as Additional Protocols I and II, all of which explicitly reflect the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":1224.43,"end":1233.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Zambia","start":1233.99,"end":1234.35},{"text":"is","start":1234.35,"end":1234.55},{"text":"also","start":1234.55,"end":1234.83},{"text":"a","start":1234.83,"end":1234.87},{"text":"party","start":1234.87,"end":1235.27},{"text":"to","start":1235.27,"end":1235.39},{"text":"the","start":1235.39,"end":1235.47},{"text":"United","start":1235.47,"end":1235.99},{"text":"Nations","start":1235.99,"end":1236.43},{"text":"Convention","start":1236.43,"end":1236.95},{"text":"against","start":1236.95,"end":1237.31},{"text":"Torture,","start":1237.31,"end":1237.75},{"text":"which","start":1238.11,"end":1238.39},{"text":"under","start":1238.55,"end":1238.95},{"text":"Articles","start":1238.95,"end":1239.43},{"text":"5","start":1239.43,"end":1239.71},{"text":"and","start":1239.71,"end":1239.83},{"text":"7","start":1239.83,"end":1240.23},{"text":"requires","start":1240.23,"end":1240.67},{"text":"states","start":1240.67,"end":1241.27},{"text":"parties","start":1241.27,"end":1241.83},{"text":"to","start":1242.15,"end":1242.27},{"text":"either","start":1242.43,"end":1242.63},{"text":"extradite","start":1242.63,"end":1243.23},{"text":"an","start":1243.23,"end":1243.35},{"text":"alleged","start":1243.35,"end":1243.75},{"text":"offender","start":1243.75,"end":1244.15},{"text":"found","start":1244.15,"end":1244.55},{"text":"within","start":1244.55,"end":1244.79},{"text":"its","start":1244.79,"end":1244.95},{"text":"territory","start":1244.95,"end":1245.67},{"text":"or","start":1245.99,"end":1246.19},{"text":"to","start":1246.19,"end":1246.27},{"text":"submit","start":1246.31,"end":1246.79},{"text":"the","start":1246.79,"end":1246.91},{"text":"case","start":1246.91,"end":1247.19},{"text":"to","start":1247.19,"end":1247.31},{"text":"its","start":1247.35,"end":1247.67},{"text":"own","start":1247.67,"end":1248.07},{"text":"authorities","start":1248.07,"end":1248.63},{"text":"for","start":1248.63,"end":1248.75},{"text":"prosecution.","start":1248.75,"end":1249.59}]},{"text":"This is in accordance with the long-established principle of \"aut dedere aut judicare\" upon which universal jurisdiction is anchored.","start":1249.99,"end":1258.31,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1249.99,"end":1250.31},{"text":"is","start":1250.31,"end":1250.39},{"text":"in","start":1250.39,"end":1250.55},{"text":"accordance","start":1250.55,"end":1251.11},{"text":"with","start":1251.11,"end":1251.31},{"text":"the","start":1251.31,"end":1251.39},{"text":"long-established","start":1251.39,"end":1252.39},{"text":"principle","start":1252.39,"end":1252.83},{"text":"of","start":1252.83,"end":1252.95},{"text":"\"aut","start":1252.95,"end":1253.35},{"text":"dedere","start":1253.35,"end":1253.83},{"text":"aut","start":1254.23,"end":1254.55},{"text":"judicare\"","start":1254.55,"end":1255.27},{"text":"upon","start":1255.91,"end":1256.23},{"text":"which","start":1256.23,"end":1256.47},{"text":"universal","start":1256.47,"end":1256.95},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1256.95,"end":1257.59},{"text":"is","start":1257.59,"end":1257.75},{"text":"anchored.","start":1257.75,"end":1258.31}]},{"text":"At the regional level, Zambia is a member of the African Union, whose constitutive act in Article 4H confers powers on the African Union to intervene in cases of grave violations of international law.","start":1259.43,"end":1274.07,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":1259.43,"end":1259.67},{"text":"the","start":1259.67,"end":1259.79},{"text":"regional","start":1259.79,"end":1260.31},{"text":"level,","start":1260.31,"end":1260.63},{"text":"Zambia","start":1261.71,"end":1262.07},{"text":"is","start":1262.07,"end":1262.19},{"text":"a","start":1262.19,"end":1262.27},{"text":"member","start":1262.27,"end":1262.55},{"text":"of","start":1262.55,"end":1262.67},{"text":"the","start":1262.67,"end":1262.83},{"text":"African","start":1263.07,"end":1263.55},{"text":"Union,","start":1263.55,"end":1263.95},{"text":"whose","start":1265.23,"end":1265.55},{"text":"constitutive","start":1265.55,"end":1266.19},{"text":"act","start":1266.19,"end":1266.51},{"text":"in","start":1266.51,"end":1266.75},{"text":"Article","start":1266.75,"end":1267.15},{"text":"4H","start":1267.15,"end":1267.79},{"text":"confers","start":1267.79,"end":1268.35},{"text":"powers","start":1268.35,"end":1268.71},{"text":"on","start":1268.71,"end":1268.79},{"text":"the","start":1268.79,"end":1268.87},{"text":"African","start":1268.87,"end":1269.39},{"text":"Union","start":1269.39,"end":1269.79},{"text":"to","start":1270.11,"end":1270.23},{"text":"intervene","start":1270.27,"end":1270.71},{"text":"in","start":1270.71,"end":1270.91},{"text":"cases","start":1270.91,"end":1271.39},{"text":"of","start":1271.43,"end":1271.55},{"text":"grave","start":1271.55,"end":1271.91},{"text":"violations","start":1271.91,"end":1272.43},{"text":"of","start":1272.43,"end":1272.51},{"text":"international","start":1272.51,"end":1273.39},{"text":"law.","start":1273.95,"end":1274.07}]},{"text":"Other instances of regional cooperation are the Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group, which creates an important regulatory role in extradition frameworks across its 22 member states to combat serious offenses such as terrorist financing and money laundering.","start":1274.07,"end":1292.87,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Other","start":1274.07,"end":1274.27},{"text":"instances","start":1274.27,"end":1274.83},{"text":"of","start":1274.87,"end":1274.95},{"text":"regional","start":1274.99,"end":1275.47},{"text":"cooperation","start":1275.47,"end":1276.35},{"text":"are","start":1276.35,"end":1276.51},{"text":"the","start":1276.51,"end":1276.63},{"text":"Eastern","start":1276.63,"end":1277.31},{"text":"and","start":1277.47,"end":1277.79},{"text":"Southern","start":1278.19,"end":1278.67},{"text":"Africa","start":1278.67,"end":1279.23},{"text":"Anti-Money","start":1279.75,"end":1280.55},{"text":"Laundering","start":1280.55,"end":1281.27},{"text":"Group,","start":1281.35,"end":1281.71},{"text":"which","start":1281.95,"end":1282.23},{"text":"creates","start":1282.23,"end":1282.55},{"text":"an","start":1282.55,"end":1282.67},{"text":"important","start":1282.67,"end":1283.27},{"text":"regulatory","start":1283.27,"end":1283.91},{"text":"role","start":1283.91,"end":1284.23},{"text":"in","start":1284.23,"end":1284.43},{"text":"extradition","start":1284.43,"end":1285.03},{"text":"frameworks","start":1285.03,"end":1285.59},{"text":"across","start":1285.83,"end":1286.31},{"text":"its","start":1286.31,"end":1286.47},{"text":"22","start":1286.47,"end":1287.03},{"text":"member","start":1287.03,"end":1287.31},{"text":"states","start":1287.31,"end":1287.83},{"text":"to","start":1288.07,"end":1288.23},{"text":"combat","start":1288.23,"end":1288.63},{"text":"serious","start":1288.63,"end":1289.11},{"text":"offenses","start":1289.11,"end":1289.75},{"text":"such","start":1289.91,"end":1290.27},{"text":"as","start":1290.27,"end":1290.47},{"text":"terrorist","start":1290.47,"end":1291.19},{"text":"financing","start":1291.19,"end":1291.83},{"text":"and","start":1291.83,"end":1291.99},{"text":"money","start":1291.99,"end":1292.23},{"text":"laundering.","start":1292.23,"end":1292.87}]},{"text":"Zambia is also a party to the SADC Treaty on Extradition and has the principle of universal jurisdiction reflected in various pieces of legislation.","start":1293.43,"end":1301.83,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Zambia","start":1293.43,"end":1293.83},{"text":"is","start":1293.83,"end":1294.07},{"text":"also","start":1294.07,"end":1294.39},{"text":"a","start":1294.39,"end":1294.47},{"text":"party","start":1294.47,"end":1294.79},{"text":"to","start":1294.79,"end":1294.91},{"text":"the","start":1294.91,"end":1294.99},{"text":"SADC","start":1294.99,"end":1295.67},{"text":"Treaty","start":1295.67,"end":1295.87},{"text":"on","start":1295.87,"end":1295.95},{"text":"Extradition","start":1295.95,"end":1296.71},{"text":"and","start":1296.95,"end":1297.27},{"text":"has","start":1297.27,"end":1297.59},{"text":"the","start":1297.59,"end":1297.75},{"text":"principle","start":1297.75,"end":1298.15},{"text":"of","start":1298.15,"end":1298.23},{"text":"universal","start":1298.23,"end":1298.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1298.71,"end":1299.35},{"text":"reflected","start":1299.35,"end":1299.95},{"text":"in","start":1299.95,"end":1300.07},{"text":"various","start":1300.07,"end":1300.55},{"text":"pieces","start":1300.55,"end":1300.91},{"text":"of","start":1300.91,"end":1300.99},{"text":"legislation.","start":1300.99,"end":1301.83}]},{"text":"Madam Chairperson, Zambia takes note of the concerns raised by the various groups and Member States on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":1302.55,"end":1312.15,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1302.55,"end":1302.95},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":1302.95,"end":1303.67},{"text":"Zambia","start":1303.75,"end":1304.23},{"text":"takes","start":1304.23,"end":1304.55},{"text":"note","start":1304.55,"end":1304.79},{"text":"of","start":1304.79,"end":1304.87},{"text":"the","start":1304.87,"end":1304.99},{"text":"concerns","start":1304.99,"end":1305.59},{"text":"raised","start":1305.59,"end":1305.91},{"text":"by","start":1305.91,"end":1306.07},{"text":"the","start":1306.07,"end":1306.19},{"text":"various","start":1306.19,"end":1306.63},{"text":"groups","start":1306.63,"end":1306.95},{"text":"and","start":1307.27,"end":1307.51},{"text":"Member","start":1307.51,"end":1307.91},{"text":"States","start":1307.91,"end":1308.31},{"text":"on","start":1308.31,"end":1308.47},{"text":"the","start":1308.47,"end":1308.55},{"text":"scope","start":1308.55,"end":1308.95},{"text":"and","start":1308.95,"end":1309.11},{"text":"application","start":1309.11,"end":1309.83},{"text":"of","start":1309.83,"end":1309.99},{"text":"the","start":1309.99,"end":1310.15},{"text":"principle","start":1310.15,"end":1310.75},{"text":"of","start":1310.75,"end":1310.87},{"text":"universal","start":1310.87,"end":1311.39},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1311.39,"end":1312.15}]},{"text":"The Republic of Zambia wishes to affirm its position that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must be governed by principles of strict consistency and transparency, thereby safeguarding the doctrine against arbitrary application or exploitation for geopolitical objectives.","start":1312.47,"end":1330.95,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1312.47,"end":1312.55},{"text":"Republic","start":1312.55,"end":1313.07},{"text":"of","start":1313.07,"end":1313.19},{"text":"Zambia","start":1313.19,"end":1313.59},{"text":"wishes","start":1313.75,"end":1314.15},{"text":"to","start":1314.15,"end":1314.23},{"text":"affirm","start":1314.23,"end":1314.55},{"text":"its","start":1314.55,"end":1314.71},{"text":"position","start":1314.71,"end":1315.35},{"text":"that","start":1315.59,"end":1315.75},{"text":"the","start":1315.75,"end":1315.87},{"text":"exercise","start":1315.87,"end":1316.51},{"text":"of","start":1316.51,"end":1316.63},{"text":"universal","start":1316.63,"end":1317.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1317.11,"end":1317.91},{"text":"must","start":1318.15,"end":1318.51},{"text":"be","start":1318.51,"end":1318.63},{"text":"governed","start":1318.63,"end":1319.07},{"text":"by","start":1319.07,"end":1319.27},{"text":"principles","start":1319.27,"end":1319.83},{"text":"of","start":1319.83,"end":1319.91},{"text":"strict","start":1319.91,"end":1320.31},{"text":"consistency","start":1320.31,"end":1321.27},{"text":"and","start":1321.59,"end":1321.83},{"text":"transparency,","start":1321.83,"end":1322.87},{"text":"thereby","start":1323.11,"end":1323.67},{"text":"safeguarding","start":1323.67,"end":1324.47},{"text":"the","start":1324.47,"end":1324.59},{"text":"doctrine","start":1324.59,"end":1325.19},{"text":"against","start":1325.19,"end":1325.75},{"text":"arbitrary","start":1326.23,"end":1326.79},{"text":"application","start":1326.79,"end":1327.51},{"text":"or","start":1327.83,"end":1327.95},{"text":"exploitation","start":1327.95,"end":1328.87},{"text":"for","start":1328.87,"end":1329.03},{"text":"geopolitical","start":1329.03,"end":1330.23},{"text":"objectives.","start":1330.23,"end":1330.95}]},{"text":"Zambia looks forward to further refinements to the principle of universal jurisdiction and will work with all Member States in a constructive spirit for our collective benefit.","start":1331.43,"end":1340.87,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Zambia","start":1331.43,"end":1331.91},{"text":"looks","start":1331.91,"end":1332.23},{"text":"forward","start":1332.23,"end":1332.51},{"text":"to","start":1332.51,"end":1332.63},{"text":"further","start":1332.63,"end":1333.11},{"text":"refinements","start":1333.11,"end":1333.75},{"text":"to","start":1333.75,"end":1333.83},{"text":"the","start":1333.83,"end":1333.91},{"text":"principle","start":1333.91,"end":1334.35},{"text":"of","start":1334.35,"end":1334.47},{"text":"universal","start":1334.47,"end":1334.95},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1334.95,"end":1335.75},{"text":"and","start":1335.99,"end":1336.27},{"text":"will","start":1336.27,"end":1336.43},{"text":"work","start":1336.43,"end":1336.83},{"text":"with","start":1336.83,"end":1336.99},{"text":"all","start":1337.03,"end":1337.27},{"text":"Member","start":1337.27,"end":1337.55},{"text":"States","start":1337.55,"end":1337.99},{"text":"in","start":1337.99,"end":1338.15},{"text":"a","start":1338.15,"end":1338.19},{"text":"constructive","start":1338.19,"end":1338.83},{"text":"spirit","start":1338.83,"end":1339.27},{"text":"for","start":1339.27,"end":1339.59},{"text":"our","start":1339.59,"end":1339.83},{"text":"collective","start":1339.83,"end":1340.39},{"text":"benefit.","start":1340.39,"end":1340.87}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":1341.11,"end":1341.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1341.11,"end":1341.27},{"text":"thank","start":1341.27,"end":1341.51},{"text":"you.","start":1341.51,"end":1341.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ZMB","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Zambia"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1342.95,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=22:23","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Zambia for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Indonesia.","start":1342.95,"end":1349.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1342.95,"end":1343.11},{"text":"thank","start":1343.11,"end":1343.43},{"text":"the","start":1343.43,"end":1343.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":1343.51,"end":1344.07},{"text":"representative","start":1344.07,"end":1344.95},{"text":"of","start":1344.95,"end":1345.03},{"text":"Zambia","start":1345.03,"end":1345.67},{"text":"for","start":1345.67,"end":1345.95},{"text":"her","start":1345.95,"end":1346.15},{"text":"statement,","start":1346.15,"end":1346.75},{"text":"and","start":1346.75,"end":1346.91},{"text":"I","start":1346.91,"end":1346.95},{"text":"give","start":1346.95,"end":1347.11},{"text":"the","start":1347.11,"end":1347.19},{"text":"floor","start":1347.19,"end":1347.59},{"text":"to","start":1347.59,"end":1347.67},{"text":"the","start":1347.67,"end":1347.75},{"text":"distinguished","start":1347.75,"end":1348.31},{"text":"representative","start":1348.31,"end":1349.07},{"text":"of","start":1349.07,"end":1349.27},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":1349.35,"end":1349.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":1351.95,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=22:32","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1351.95,"end":1352.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1351.95,"end":1352.15},{"text":"you,","start":1352.15,"end":1352.23},{"text":"Madam","start":1352.23,"end":1352.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":1352.55,"end":1352.95}]},{"text":"Indonesia aligns itself with the statement delivered by the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":1354.15,"end":1360.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":1354.15,"end":1354.63},{"text":"aligns","start":1354.63,"end":1354.99},{"text":"itself","start":1354.99,"end":1355.31},{"text":"with","start":1355.31,"end":1355.43},{"text":"the","start":1355.43,"end":1355.51},{"text":"statement","start":1355.51,"end":1355.95},{"text":"delivered","start":1355.95,"end":1356.47},{"text":"by","start":1356.47,"end":1356.63},{"text":"the","start":1356.63,"end":1356.75},{"text":"Islamic","start":1356.75,"end":1357.11},{"text":"Republic","start":1357.11,"end":1357.55},{"text":"of","start":1357.55,"end":1357.67},{"text":"Iran","start":1357.75,"end":1358.07},{"text":"on","start":1358.27,"end":1358.39},{"text":"behalf","start":1358.39,"end":1358.79},{"text":"of","start":1358.79,"end":1358.87},{"text":"the","start":1358.87,"end":1358.95},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":1358.95,"end":1359.63},{"text":"Movement.","start":1359.63,"end":1360.11}]},{"text":"She also thanks the Secretary General for his report in document A/81/205.","start":1360.87,"end":1367.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"She","start":1360.87,"end":1360.99},{"text":"also","start":1360.99,"end":1361.43},{"text":"thanks","start":1361.51,"end":1361.83},{"text":"the","start":1361.83,"end":1361.95},{"text":"Secretary","start":1361.95,"end":1362.47},{"text":"General","start":1362.47,"end":1362.95},{"text":"for","start":1363.11,"end":1363.35},{"text":"his","start":1363.35,"end":1363.51},{"text":"report","start":1363.59,"end":1363.91},{"text":"in","start":1363.91,"end":1364.07},{"text":"document","start":1364.07,"end":1364.63},{"text":"A/81/205.","start":1364.63,"end":1367.43}]},{"text":"The report provides important updates on how states apply the principle of universal jurisdiction in their laws, treaties and courts.","start":1368.39,"end":1376.15,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1368.39,"end":1368.51},{"text":"report","start":1368.51,"end":1369.03},{"text":"provides","start":1369.03,"end":1369.47},{"text":"important","start":1369.47,"end":1369.99},{"text":"updates","start":1369.99,"end":1370.47},{"text":"on","start":1370.47,"end":1370.63},{"text":"how","start":1370.63,"end":1370.79},{"text":"states","start":1370.79,"end":1371.19},{"text":"apply","start":1371.19,"end":1371.59},{"text":"the","start":1371.59,"end":1371.71},{"text":"principle","start":1371.71,"end":1372.27},{"text":"of","start":1372.27,"end":1372.39},{"text":"universal","start":1372.39,"end":1372.95},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1372.95,"end":1373.67},{"text":"in","start":1373.67,"end":1373.83},{"text":"their","start":1373.83,"end":1374.15},{"text":"laws,","start":1374.15,"end":1374.71},{"text":"treaties","start":1375.03,"end":1375.43},{"text":"and","start":1375.43,"end":1375.63},{"text":"courts.","start":1375.63,"end":1376.15}]},{"text":"A useful step toward a common understanding of the issue.","start":1376.79,"end":1379.67,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1376.79,"end":1376.83},{"text":"useful","start":1376.83,"end":1377.23},{"text":"step","start":1377.23,"end":1377.51},{"text":"toward","start":1377.51,"end":1377.79},{"text":"a","start":1377.79,"end":1377.83},{"text":"common","start":1377.83,"end":1378.31},{"text":"understanding","start":1378.39,"end":1378.95},{"text":"of","start":1378.95,"end":1379.03},{"text":"the","start":1379.03,"end":1379.15},{"text":"issue.","start":1379.15,"end":1379.67}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, universal jurisdiction allows a state to prosecute crimes regardless of where they were committed or the nationality of the offender or the victims.","start":1380.55,"end":1389.83,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1380.55,"end":1380.91},{"text":"Chair,","start":1380.95,"end":1381.35},{"text":"universal","start":1381.67,"end":1382.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1382.27,"end":1382.95},{"text":"allows","start":1382.95,"end":1383.27},{"text":"a","start":1383.27,"end":1383.31},{"text":"state","start":1383.31,"end":1383.71},{"text":"to","start":1383.71,"end":1383.83},{"text":"prosecute","start":1383.83,"end":1384.39},{"text":"crimes","start":1384.39,"end":1384.95},{"text":"regardless","start":1385.03,"end":1385.63},{"text":"of","start":1385.63,"end":1385.75},{"text":"where","start":1385.75,"end":1386.03},{"text":"they","start":1386.03,"end":1386.15},{"text":"were","start":1386.15,"end":1386.39},{"text":"committed","start":1386.39,"end":1386.91},{"text":"or","start":1386.91,"end":1387.11},{"text":"the","start":1387.11,"end":1387.23},{"text":"nationality","start":1387.23,"end":1387.83},{"text":"of","start":1387.83,"end":1387.91},{"text":"the","start":1387.91,"end":1388.03},{"text":"offender","start":1388.03,"end":1388.71},{"text":"or","start":1388.95,"end":1389.07},{"text":"the","start":1389.07,"end":1389.15},{"text":"victims.","start":1389.15,"end":1389.83}]},{"text":"The purpose is clear, to show that those who commit grave crimes under international law cannot hide.","start":1390.35,"end":1395.87,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1390.35,"end":1390.47},{"text":"purpose","start":1390.47,"end":1390.91},{"text":"is","start":1390.91,"end":1390.99},{"text":"clear,","start":1390.99,"end":1391.43},{"text":"to","start":1391.67,"end":1391.75},{"text":"show","start":1391.79,"end":1392.27},{"text":"that","start":1392.27,"end":1392.51},{"text":"those","start":1392.51,"end":1392.79},{"text":"who","start":1392.79,"end":1392.91},{"text":"commit","start":1392.91,"end":1393.31},{"text":"grave","start":1393.31,"end":1393.55},{"text":"crimes","start":1393.55,"end":1393.99},{"text":"under","start":1393.99,"end":1394.27},{"text":"international","start":1394.27,"end":1394.95},{"text":"law","start":1394.95,"end":1395.07},{"text":"cannot","start":1395.07,"end":1395.47},{"text":"hide.","start":1395.47,"end":1395.87}]},{"text":"However, such a far-reaching principle needs clear legal parameters.","start":1396.59,"end":1402.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1396.59,"end":1397.39},{"text":"such","start":1397.55,"end":1398.03},{"text":"a","start":1398.03,"end":1398.11},{"text":"far-reaching","start":1398.11,"end":1398.99},{"text":"principle","start":1398.99,"end":1399.63},{"text":"needs","start":1399.79,"end":1400.27},{"text":"clear","start":1400.59,"end":1400.91},{"text":"legal","start":1400.91,"end":1401.35},{"text":"parameters.","start":1401.35,"end":1402.19}]},{"text":"Otherwise, it can do more harm than good.","start":1402.67,"end":1405.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Otherwise,","start":1402.67,"end":1403.39},{"text":"it","start":1403.39,"end":1403.63},{"text":"can","start":1403.63,"end":1403.95},{"text":"do","start":1403.95,"end":1404.11},{"text":"more","start":1404.11,"end":1404.39},{"text":"harm","start":1404.39,"end":1404.83},{"text":"than","start":1404.99,"end":1405.23},{"text":"good.","start":1405.23,"end":1405.55}]},{"text":"In that spirit, Indonesia would like to stress three key points.","start":1406.43,"end":1410.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1406.43,"end":1406.59},{"text":"that","start":1406.59,"end":1406.83},{"text":"spirit,","start":1406.83,"end":1407.23},{"text":"Indonesia","start":1407.71,"end":1408.27},{"text":"would","start":1408.27,"end":1408.43},{"text":"like","start":1408.43,"end":1408.63},{"text":"to","start":1408.63,"end":1408.79},{"text":"stress","start":1408.79,"end":1409.31},{"text":"three","start":1409.51,"end":1409.87},{"text":"key","start":1409.95,"end":1410.19},{"text":"points.","start":1410.19,"end":1410.67}]},{"text":"First, sovereignty and non-intervention come first.","start":1411.47,"end":1415.31,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1411.47,"end":1411.79},{"text":"sovereignty","start":1412.19,"end":1413.15},{"text":"and","start":1413.31,"end":1413.51},{"text":"non-intervention","start":1413.51,"end":1414.51},{"text":"come","start":1414.59,"end":1414.99},{"text":"first.","start":1414.99,"end":1415.31}]},{"text":"Sovereign equality and non-intervention are at the heart of the UN Charter.","start":1416.55,"end":1421.43,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Sovereign","start":1416.55,"end":1416.95},{"text":"equality","start":1416.95,"end":1417.67},{"text":"and","start":1417.75,"end":1417.99},{"text":"non-intervention","start":1417.99,"end":1418.95},{"text":"are","start":1418.95,"end":1419.15},{"text":"at","start":1419.15,"end":1419.27},{"text":"the","start":1419.27,"end":1419.39},{"text":"heart","start":1419.39,"end":1419.83},{"text":"of","start":1420.23,"end":1420.39},{"text":"the","start":1420.39,"end":1420.55},{"text":"UN","start":1420.55,"end":1420.87},{"text":"Charter.","start":1420.87,"end":1421.43}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction must work within these principles, not outside them.","start":1422.23,"end":1427.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1422.23,"end":1422.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1422.87,"end":1423.47},{"text":"must","start":1423.47,"end":1423.71},{"text":"work","start":1423.71,"end":1423.99},{"text":"within","start":1423.99,"end":1424.39},{"text":"these","start":1424.39,"end":1424.63},{"text":"principles,","start":1424.63,"end":1425.43},{"text":"not","start":1425.83,"end":1426.23},{"text":"outside","start":1426.39,"end":1426.87},{"text":"them.","start":1426.87,"end":1427.19}]},{"text":"Indonesia believes universal jurisdiction should step in only when the state where the crime occurred or the state of the accused cannot or will not act as a last resort.","start":1427.99,"end":1440.23,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":1427.99,"end":1428.47},{"text":"believes","start":1428.47,"end":1428.87},{"text":"universal","start":1428.87,"end":1429.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1429.55,"end":1430.31},{"text":"should","start":1430.95,"end":1431.27},{"text":"step","start":1431.43,"end":1431.83},{"text":"in","start":1431.83,"end":1432.15},{"text":"only","start":1432.15,"end":1432.51},{"text":"when","start":1432.51,"end":1432.79},{"text":"the","start":1432.79,"end":1432.87},{"text":"state","start":1432.87,"end":1433.27},{"text":"where","start":1433.31,"end":1433.67},{"text":"the","start":1433.67,"end":1433.79},{"text":"crime","start":1433.79,"end":1434.15},{"text":"occurred","start":1434.15,"end":1434.63},{"text":"or","start":1435.11,"end":1435.35},{"text":"the","start":1435.35,"end":1435.43},{"text":"state","start":1435.43,"end":1435.83},{"text":"of","start":1436.07,"end":1436.31},{"text":"the","start":1436.31,"end":1436.39},{"text":"accused","start":1436.39,"end":1437.03},{"text":"cannot","start":1437.03,"end":1437.43},{"text":"or","start":1437.91,"end":1438.15},{"text":"will","start":1438.15,"end":1438.31},{"text":"not","start":1438.31,"end":1438.63},{"text":"act","start":1438.63,"end":1438.87},{"text":"as","start":1439.19,"end":1439.43},{"text":"a","start":1439.43,"end":1439.47},{"text":"last","start":1439.47,"end":1439.83},{"text":"resort.","start":1439.83,"end":1440.23}]},{"text":"Indonesia practices what it advocates through our criminal code, Law No. 1 of 2023.","start":1441.63,"end":1449.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":1441.63,"end":1442.07},{"text":"practices","start":1442.07,"end":1442.87},{"text":"what","start":1442.99,"end":1443.27},{"text":"it","start":1443.27,"end":1443.43},{"text":"advocates","start":1443.43,"end":1444.15},{"text":"through","start":1444.15,"end":1444.55},{"text":"our","start":1445.15,"end":1445.55},{"text":"criminal","start":1445.55,"end":1446.03},{"text":"code,","start":1446.03,"end":1446.35},{"text":"Law","start":1447.31,"end":1447.55},{"text":"No.","start":1447.55,"end":1447.79},{"text":"1","start":1447.79,"end":1448.03},{"text":"of","start":1448.03,"end":1448.19},{"text":"2023.","start":1448.19,"end":1449.15}]},{"text":"In its Article 6, it applies our criminal law to anyone abroad who commits a crime under international law.","start":1449.87,"end":1457.35,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1449.87,"end":1450.03},{"text":"its","start":1450.03,"end":1450.27},{"text":"Article","start":1450.27,"end":1450.67},{"text":"6,","start":1450.67,"end":1451.07},{"text":"it","start":1451.47,"end":1451.71},{"text":"applies","start":1451.71,"end":1452.19},{"text":"our","start":1452.19,"end":1452.83},{"text":"criminal","start":1452.83,"end":1453.75},{"text":"law","start":1453.75,"end":1453.83},{"text":"to","start":1453.83,"end":1453.95},{"text":"anyone","start":1453.95,"end":1454.43},{"text":"abroad","start":1454.43,"end":1454.91},{"text":"who","start":1454.91,"end":1455.07},{"text":"commits","start":1455.07,"end":1455.55},{"text":"a","start":1455.55,"end":1455.63},{"text":"crime","start":1455.63,"end":1455.99},{"text":"under","start":1455.99,"end":1456.35},{"text":"international","start":1456.35,"end":1457.27},{"text":"law.","start":1457.27,"end":1457.35}]},{"text":"Article 7 of the criminal code allows Indonesia to take over a prosecution on the basis of an international agreement.","start":1458.43,"end":1466.83,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":1458.43,"end":1458.83},{"text":"7","start":1458.83,"end":1459.47},{"text":"of","start":1459.79,"end":1459.95},{"text":"the","start":1459.95,"end":1460.03},{"text":"criminal","start":1460.03,"end":1460.43},{"text":"code","start":1460.43,"end":1460.67},{"text":"allows","start":1461.07,"end":1461.39},{"text":"Indonesia","start":1461.39,"end":1461.87},{"text":"to","start":1461.87,"end":1461.99},{"text":"take","start":1461.99,"end":1462.27},{"text":"over","start":1462.27,"end":1462.83},{"text":"a","start":1462.99,"end":1463.07},{"text":"prosecution","start":1463.07,"end":1464.43},{"text":"on","start":1464.43,"end":1464.51},{"text":"the","start":1464.51,"end":1464.63},{"text":"basis","start":1464.63,"end":1465.15},{"text":"of","start":1465.15,"end":1465.35},{"text":"an","start":1465.35,"end":1465.55},{"text":"international","start":1465.55,"end":1466.27},{"text":"agreement.","start":1466.27,"end":1466.83}]},{"text":"The code also criminalizes genocide and crimes against humanity within Articles 598 and 599, and piracy at sea in Article 542.","start":1467.79,"end":1479.63,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1467.79,"end":1467.91},{"text":"code","start":1467.91,"end":1468.19},{"text":"also","start":1468.19,"end":1468.59},{"text":"criminalizes","start":1468.59,"end":1469.39},{"text":"genocide","start":1469.55,"end":1470.19},{"text":"and","start":1470.27,"end":1470.55},{"text":"crimes","start":1470.55,"end":1471.07},{"text":"against","start":1471.07,"end":1471.51},{"text":"humanity","start":1471.51,"end":1472.19},{"text":"within","start":1472.99,"end":1473.55},{"text":"Articles","start":1473.55,"end":1474.11},{"text":"598","start":1474.11,"end":1474.99},{"text":"and","start":1474.99,"end":1475.35},{"text":"599,","start":1475.47,"end":1476.35},{"text":"and","start":1476.75,"end":1476.99},{"text":"piracy","start":1476.99,"end":1477.47},{"text":"at","start":1477.47,"end":1477.59},{"text":"sea","start":1477.59,"end":1477.87},{"text":"in","start":1477.87,"end":1478.03},{"text":"Article","start":1478.03,"end":1478.51},{"text":"542.","start":1478.51,"end":1479.63}]},{"text":"Second, no room for political misuse.","start":1480.59,"end":1484.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":1480.59,"end":1480.95},{"text":"no","start":1482.03,"end":1482.27},{"text":"room","start":1482.27,"end":1482.59},{"text":"for","start":1482.59,"end":1482.91},{"text":"political","start":1482.91,"end":1483.71},{"text":"misuse.","start":1483.71,"end":1484.51}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction loses its meaning when it is used to put pressure on countries, including developing countries.","start":1485.63,"end":1493.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1485.63,"end":1486.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1486.35,"end":1486.99},{"text":"loses","start":1486.99,"end":1487.39},{"text":"its","start":1487.39,"end":1487.71},{"text":"meaning","start":1487.71,"end":1488.19},{"text":"when","start":1488.47,"end":1488.75},{"text":"it","start":1488.75,"end":1488.91},{"text":"is","start":1488.91,"end":1489.23},{"text":"used","start":1489.23,"end":1489.67},{"text":"to","start":1489.67,"end":1489.79},{"text":"put","start":1489.79,"end":1490.03},{"text":"pressure","start":1490.03,"end":1490.67},{"text":"on","start":1490.91,"end":1491.15},{"text":"countries,","start":1491.15,"end":1491.79},{"text":"including","start":1491.87,"end":1492.43},{"text":"developing","start":1492.43,"end":1493.07},{"text":"countries.","start":1493.07,"end":1493.71}]},{"text":"It must be applied in good faith and in line with international law.","start":1494.51,"end":1499.27,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":1508.87,"end":1509.19},{"text":"prevention","start":1509.43,"end":1510.23},{"text":"and","start":1510.23,"end":1510.35},{"text":"international","start":1510.35,"end":1511.27},{"text":"cooperation.","start":1511.27,"end":1512.07}]},{"text":"The surest way to end impunity is to prevent grave violations of human rights in the first place.","start":1513.27,"end":1519.51,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1561.95,"end":1563.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1561.95,"end":1562.11},{"text":"thank","start":1562.11,"end":1562.43},{"text":"you,","start":1562.43,"end":1562.59},{"text":"Madam","start":1562.75,"end":1563.07},{"text":"Chair.","start":1563.07,"end":1563.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IDN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Indonesia"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":1564.27,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=26:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Indonesia for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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also want to take this opportunity to thank the Secretary-General for his report on this item, as contained in document A/81/205.","start":1593.47,"end":1604.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1593.47,"end":1593.71},{"text":"also","start":1593.71,"end":1594.11},{"text":"want","start":1594.11,"end":1594.31},{"text":"to","start":1594.31,"end":1594.39},{"text":"take","start":1594.39,"end":1594.59},{"text":"this","start":1594.59,"end":1594.75},{"text":"opportunity","start":1594.75,"end":1595.47},{"text":"to","start":1595.47,"end":1595.55},{"text":"thank","start":1595.55,"end":1596.03},{"text":"the","start":1596.27,"end":1596.47},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1596.47,"end":1597.67},{"text":"for","start":1598.11,"end":1598.31},{"text":"his","start":1598.31,"end":1598.51},{"text":"report","start":1598.51,"end":1598.99},{"text":"on","start":1598.99,"end":1599.15},{"text":"this","start":1599.15,"end":1599.39},{"text":"item,","start":1599.39,"end":1599.87},{"text":"as","start":1599.95,"end":1600.19},{"text":"contained","start":1600.19,"end":1600.67},{"text":"in","start":1600.67,"end":1600.91},{"text":"document","start":1600.91,"end":1601.55},{"text":"A/81/205.","start":1602.75,"end":1604.67}]},{"text":"In our national capacity, we would like to deliver the following remarks.","start":1605.55,"end":1609.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1605.55,"end":1605.79},{"text":"our","start":1605.79,"end":1605.87},{"text":"national","start":1605.87,"end":1606.35},{"text":"capacity,","start":1606.35,"end":1607.07},{"text":"we","start":1607.39,"end":1607.51},{"text":"would","start":1607.51,"end":1607.63},{"text":"like","start":1607.63,"end":1607.91},{"text":"to","start":1607.91,"end":1608.03},{"text":"deliver","start":1608.03,"end":1608.59},{"text":"the","start":1608.59,"end":1608.71},{"text":"following","start":1608.75,"end":1609.15},{"text":"remarks.","start":1609.15,"end":1609.79}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Vietnam reaffirms that those responsible for the most serious crimes under international law, including genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity must be brought to justice.","start":1610.59,"end":1625.75,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1610.59,"end":1610.91},{"text":"Chair,","start":1610.91,"end":1611.39},{"text":"Vietnam","start":1612.11,"end":1612.43},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1612.43,"end":1613.23},{"text":"that","start":1613.31,"end":1613.55},{"text":"those","start":1613.79,"end":1614.11},{"text":"responsible","start":1614.11,"end":1614.99},{"text":"for","start":1615.07,"end":1615.27},{"text":"the","start":1615.27,"end":1615.35},{"text":"most","start":1615.35,"end":1615.79},{"text":"serious","start":1615.87,"end":1616.51},{"text":"crimes","start":1616.51,"end":1617.15},{"text":"under","start":1617.43,"end":1617.63},{"text":"international","start":1617.63,"end":1618.63},{"text":"law,","start":1618.63,"end":1618.71},{"text":"including","start":1619.15,"end":1619.63},{"text":"genocide,","start":1619.63,"end":1620.35},{"text":"war","start":1620.75,"end":1620.99},{"text":"crimes,","start":1620.99,"end":1621.63},{"text":"and","start":1621.99,"end":1622.15},{"text":"crimes","start":1622.15,"end":1622.55},{"text":"against","start":1622.55,"end":1622.95},{"text":"humanity","start":1622.95,"end":1623.67},{"text":"must","start":1623.99,"end":1624.39},{"text":"be","start":1624.39,"end":1624.55},{"text":"brought","start":1624.55,"end":1625.07},{"text":"to","start":1625.07,"end":1625.15},{"text":"justice.","start":1625.15,"end":1625.75}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction, when exercised in accordance with international law, can contribute to this shared objective.","start":1626.39,"end":1634.31,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1724.95,"end":1725.15},{"text":"maintain","start":1725.15,"end":1725.63},{"text":"that","start":1725.63,"end":1725.83},{"text":"the","start":1725.83,"end":1725.95},{"text":"alleged","start":1725.95,"end":1726.35},{"text":"offender","start":1726.47,"end":1727.15},{"text":"should","start":1727.19,"end":1727.51},{"text":"be","start":1727.51,"end":1727.67},{"text":"present","start":1727.67,"end":1728.23},{"text":"in","start":1728.31,"end":1728.47},{"text":"the","start":1728.47,"end":1728.55},{"text":"territory","start":1728.55,"end":1729.23},{"text":"of","start":1729.23,"end":1729.35},{"text":"the","start":1729.35,"end":1729.51},{"text":"State","start":1729.51,"end":1729.91},{"text":"exercising","start":1730.31,"end":1731.11},{"text":"such","start":1731.27,"end":1731.59},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1731.59,"end":1732.55}]},{"text":"That state should first consult in good faith with the territorial state and the state of nationality of the person concerned on the possibility of extraditing that person to those states for prosecution, subject to the principle of dual criminality and other applicable requirements of international law.","start":1733.51,"end":1754.43,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1733.51,"end":1733.71},{"text":"state","start":1733.71,"end":1734.15},{"text":"should","start":1734.55,"end":1734.95},{"text":"first","start":1734.95,"end":1735.27},{"text":"consult","start":1735.27,"end":1735.91},{"text":"in","start":1735.99,"end":1736.23},{"text":"good","start":1736.23,"end":1736.39},{"text":"faith","start":1736.39,"end":1736.79},{"text":"with","start":1736.87,"end":1737.07},{"text":"the","start":1737.07,"end":1737.15},{"text":"territorial","start":1737.15,"end":1737.91},{"text":"state","start":1737.91,"end":1738.31},{"text":"and","start":1738.71,"end":1738.83},{"text":"the","start":1738.83,"end":1738.91},{"text":"state","start":1738.91,"end":1739.27},{"text":"of","start":1739.35,"end":1739.51},{"text":"nationality","start":1739.51,"end":1740.27},{"text":"of","start":1740.27,"end":1740.39},{"text":"the","start":1740.39,"end":1740.47},{"text":"person","start":1740.47,"end":1740.91},{"text":"concerned","start":1740.91,"end":1741.51},{"text":"on","start":1741.99,"end":1742.15},{"text":"the","start":1742.15,"end":1742.23},{"text":"possibility","start":1742.23,"end":1743.11},{"text":"of","start":1743.11,"end":1743.27},{"text":"extraditing","start":1743.27,"end":1744.15},{"text":"that","start":1744.23,"end":1744.43},{"text":"person","start":1744.43,"end":1745.03},{"text":"to","start":1745.35,"end":1745.51},{"text":"those","start":1745.51,"end":1745.75},{"text":"states","start":1745.75,"end":1746.31},{"text":"for","start":1746.55,"end":1746.79},{"text":"prosecution,","start":1746.79,"end":1747.67},{"text":"subject","start":1748.31,"end":1748.87},{"text":"to","start":1748.95,"end":1749.11},{"text":"the","start":1749.11,"end":1749.23},{"text":"principle","start":1749.23,"end":1749.71},{"text":"of","start":1749.71,"end":1749.91},{"text":"dual","start":1749.91,"end":1750.15},{"text":"criminality","start":1750.15,"end":1751.11},{"text":"and","start":1751.43,"end":1751.71},{"text":"other","start":1751.71,"end":1751.95},{"text":"applicable","start":1751.95,"end":1752.43},{"text":"requirements","start":1752.43,"end":1753.23},{"text":"of","start":1753.23,"end":1753.35},{"text":"international","start":1753.35,"end":1754.35},{"text":"law.","start":1754.35,"end":1754.43}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction exercised by national courts must also be distinguished from the jurisdiction of international criminal courts and tribunals, which rest on their respective constituent instruments.","start":1755.67,"end":1769.99,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1755.67,"end":1756.31},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1756.31,"end":1757.11},{"text":"exercised","start":1757.27,"end":1757.99},{"text":"by","start":1758.07,"end":1758.23},{"text":"national","start":1758.23,"end":1758.63},{"text":"courts","start":1758.63,"end":1759.27},{"text":"must","start":1759.67,"end":1759.99},{"text":"also","start":1759.99,"end":1760.31},{"text":"be","start":1760.31,"end":1760.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":1760.47,"end":1761.19},{"text":"from","start":1761.35,"end":1761.59},{"text":"the","start":1761.59,"end":1761.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1761.67,"end":1762.39},{"text":"of","start":1762.43,"end":1762.55},{"text":"international","start":1762.55,"end":1763.19},{"text":"criminal","start":1763.19,"end":1763.67},{"text":"courts","start":1763.67,"end":1764.15},{"text":"and","start":1764.15,"end":1764.35},{"text":"tribunals,","start":1764.35,"end":1765.51},{"text":"which","start":1766.11,"end":1766.39},{"text":"rest","start":1766.47,"end":1766.87},{"text":"on","start":1766.87,"end":1767.03},{"text":"their","start":1767.03,"end":1767.23},{"text":"respective","start":1767.23,"end":1767.99},{"text":"constituent","start":1767.99,"end":1769.11},{"text":"instruments.","start":1769.11,"end":1769.99}]},{"text":"Vietnam underscores the need to distinguish universal jurisdiction from the obligation or the de-or-judicare, or the obligation to extradite or prosecute.","start":1771.75,"end":1782.95,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Vietnam","start":1771.75,"end":1772.07},{"text":"underscores","start":1772.07,"end":1772.87},{"text":"the","start":1772.95,"end":1773.07},{"text":"need","start":1773.07,"end":1773.43},{"text":"to","start":1773.67,"end":1773.83},{"text":"distinguish","start":1773.83,"end":1774.47},{"text":"universal","start":1774.55,"end":1775.19},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1775.19,"end":1775.91},{"text":"from","start":1776.31,"end":1776.55},{"text":"the","start":1776.55,"end":1776.67},{"text":"obligation","start":1776.79,"end":1777.59},{"text":"or","start":1777.91,"end":1778.11},{"text":"the","start":1778.11,"end":1778.19},{"text":"de-or-judicare,","start":1778.19,"end":1779.51},{"text":"or","start":1780.07,"end":1780.23},{"text":"the","start":1780.23,"end":1780.43},{"text":"obligation","start":1780.43,"end":1781.11},{"text":"to","start":1781.11,"end":1781.27},{"text":"extradite","start":1781.27,"end":1781.99},{"text":"or","start":1781.99,"end":1782.15},{"text":"prosecute.","start":1782.15,"end":1782.95}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction provides a basis for the exercise of criminal jurisdiction, whereas the obligation to extradite or prosecute arises under applicable treaties or other relevant rules of international law and is subject to the conditions governing that obligation.","start":1783.91,"end":1802.03,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1783.91,"end":1784.47},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1784.47,"end":1785.19},{"text":"provides","start":1785.19,"end":1785.75},{"text":"a","start":1786.35,"end":1786.39},{"text":"basis","start":1786.39,"end":1786.99},{"text":"for","start":1786.99,"end":1787.23},{"text":"the","start":1787.23,"end":1787.31},{"text":"exercise","start":1787.31,"end":1787.95},{"text":"of","start":1787.95,"end":1788.19},{"text":"criminal","start":1788.19,"end":1788.67},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":1788.67,"end":1789.55},{"text":"whereas","start":1789.95,"end":1790.35},{"text":"the","start":1790.35,"end":1790.55},{"text":"obligation","start":1790.55,"end":1791.31},{"text":"to","start":1791.31,"end":1791.47},{"text":"extradite","start":1791.47,"end":1792.19},{"text":"or","start":1792.27,"end":1792.43},{"text":"prosecute","start":1792.43,"end":1793.07},{"text":"arises","start":1793.15,"end":1793.71},{"text":"under","start":1793.71,"end":1793.99},{"text":"applicable","start":1793.99,"end":1794.43},{"text":"treaties","start":1794.43,"end":1795.15},{"text":"or","start":1795.55,"end":1795.79},{"text":"other","start":1795.79,"end":1796.07},{"text":"relevant","start":1796.07,"end":1796.59},{"text":"rules","start":1796.59,"end":1796.95},{"text":"of","start":1796.95,"end":1797.07},{"text":"international","start":1797.07,"end":1798.07},{"text":"law","start":1798.07,"end":1798.15},{"text":"and","start":1798.51,"end":1798.71},{"text":"is","start":1798.71,"end":1798.79},{"text":"subject","start":1798.79,"end":1799.47},{"text":"to","start":1799.55,"end":1799.71},{"text":"the","start":1799.71,"end":1799.79},{"text":"conditions","start":1799.79,"end":1800.51},{"text":"governing","start":1800.51,"end":1800.99},{"text":"that","start":1800.99,"end":1801.23},{"text":"obligation.","start":1801.23,"end":1802.03}]},{"text":"The existence of such an obligation does not in itself establish a basis under customary international law for the exercise of universal jurisdiction.","start":1803.15,"end":1813.87,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1803.15,"end":1803.27},{"text":"existence","start":1803.27,"end":1803.95},{"text":"of","start":1803.99,"end":1804.11},{"text":"such","start":1804.11,"end":1804.51},{"text":"an","start":1804.51,"end":1804.75},{"text":"obligation","start":1804.75,"end":1805.31},{"text":"does","start":1805.31,"end":1805.55},{"text":"not","start":1805.55,"end":1805.95},{"text":"in","start":1806.11,"end":1806.27},{"text":"itself","start":1806.27,"end":1806.83},{"text":"establish","start":1807.07,"end":1807.79},{"text":"a","start":1807.95,"end":1807.99},{"text":"basis","start":1807.99,"end":1808.51},{"text":"under","start":1808.51,"end":1808.91},{"text":"customary","start":1808.99,"end":1809.71},{"text":"international","start":1809.71,"end":1810.71},{"text":"law","start":1810.71,"end":1810.79},{"text":"for","start":1811.23,"end":1811.39},{"text":"the","start":1811.39,"end":1811.51},{"text":"exercise","start":1811.51,"end":1812.19},{"text":"of","start":1812.19,"end":1812.43},{"text":"universal","start":1812.43,"end":1812.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1812.99,"end":1813.87}]},{"text":"At the same time, this distinction is without prejudice to obligations under applicable treaties to establish jurisdiction and to extradite or submit a case to the competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution.","start":1815.31,"end":1830.43,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":1815.31,"end":1815.39},{"text":"the","start":1815.39,"end":1815.51},{"text":"same","start":1815.51,"end":1815.87},{"text":"time,","start":1815.87,"end":1816.27},{"text":"this","start":1816.67,"end":1816.99},{"text":"distinction","start":1816.99,"end":1817.63},{"text":"is","start":1817.63,"end":1817.79},{"text":"without","start":1817.79,"end":1818.23},{"text":"prejudice","start":1818.23,"end":1818.99},{"text":"to","start":1819.31,"end":1819.47},{"text":"obligations","start":1819.47,"end":1820.35},{"text":"under","start":1820.43,"end":1820.67},{"text":"applicable","start":1820.67,"end":1821.15},{"text":"treaties","start":1821.15,"end":1821.87},{"text":"to","start":1822.43,"end":1822.55},{"text":"establish","start":1822.55,"end":1823.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1823.23,"end":1824.03},{"text":"and","start":1824.27,"end":1824.43},{"text":"to","start":1824.43,"end":1824.51},{"text":"extradite","start":1824.51,"end":1825.23},{"text":"or","start":1825.55,"end":1825.63},{"text":"submit","start":1825.63,"end":1826.11},{"text":"a","start":1826.11,"end":1826.19},{"text":"case","start":1826.19,"end":1826.51},{"text":"to","start":1826.51,"end":1826.67},{"text":"the","start":1826.67,"end":1826.79},{"text":"competent","start":1826.79,"end":1827.35},{"text":"authorities","start":1827.35,"end":1828.19},{"text":"for","start":1828.59,"end":1828.75},{"text":"the","start":1828.75,"end":1828.87},{"text":"purpose","start":1828.87,"end":1829.31},{"text":"of","start":1829.31,"end":1829.55},{"text":"prosecution.","start":1829.55,"end":1830.43}]},{"text":"Given the continuing differences among states regarding the definition, scope and conditions for the exercise of universal jurisdiction and the complex legal issues involved, Vietnam supports a cautious step-by-step approach.","start":1831.87,"end":1848.47,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":1831.87,"end":1832.19},{"text":"the","start":1832.19,"end":1832.31},{"text":"continuing","start":1832.31,"end":1832.99},{"text":"differences","start":1832.99,"end":1833.71},{"text":"among","start":1833.79,"end":1834.03},{"text":"states","start":1834.03,"end":1834.67},{"text":"regarding","start":1834.75,"end":1835.23},{"text":"the","start":1835.23,"end":1835.35},{"text":"definition,","start":1835.35,"end":1836.19},{"text":"scope","start":1836.51,"end":1837.07},{"text":"and","start":1837.23,"end":1837.39},{"text":"conditions","start":1837.39,"end":1838.11},{"text":"for","start":1838.19,"end":1838.35},{"text":"the","start":1838.35,"end":1838.47},{"text":"exercise","start":1838.47,"end":1839.15},{"text":"of","start":1839.15,"end":1839.39},{"text":"universal","start":1839.39,"end":1840.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1840.03,"end":1840.91},{"text":"and","start":1841.39,"end":1841.55},{"text":"the","start":1841.55,"end":1841.63},{"text":"complex","start":1841.63,"end":1842.19},{"text":"legal","start":1842.19,"end":1842.51},{"text":"issues","start":1842.51,"end":1843.07},{"text":"involved,","start":1843.07,"end":1843.71},{"text":"Vietnam","start":1844.71,"end":1845.11},{"text":"supports","start":1845.11,"end":1845.75},{"text":"a","start":1845.91,"end":1845.95},{"text":"cautious","start":1845.95,"end":1846.71},{"text":"step-by-step","start":1846.87,"end":1847.75},{"text":"approach.","start":1847.75,"end":1848.47}]},{"text":"Any future action on this topic should be guided by efforts to build a common understanding and consensus among states.","start":1849.51,"end":1857.51,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":1849.51,"end":1849.75},{"text":"future","start":1849.75,"end":1850.19},{"text":"action","start":1850.19,"end":1850.63},{"text":"on","start":1850.63,"end":1850.79},{"text":"this","start":1850.79,"end":1850.95},{"text":"topic","start":1850.95,"end":1851.51},{"text":"should","start":1851.91,"end":1852.11},{"text":"be","start":1852.11,"end":1852.23},{"text":"guided","start":1852.23,"end":1852.63},{"text":"by","start":1852.63,"end":1852.87},{"text":"efforts","start":1852.87,"end":1853.51},{"text":"to","start":1853.59,"end":1853.75},{"text":"build","start":1853.75,"end":1854.15},{"text":"a","start":1854.39,"end":1854.43},{"text":"common","start":1854.43,"end":1854.79},{"text":"understanding","start":1854.79,"end":1855.59},{"text":"and","start":1855.59,"end":1855.75},{"text":"consensus","start":1855.75,"end":1856.47},{"text":"among","start":1856.55,"end":1856.87},{"text":"states.","start":1856.87,"end":1857.51}]},{"text":"Further discussions, including in the Sixth Committee's working group, should focus on clarifying outstanding legal questions, including the crimes covered, the legal basis for jurisdiction, and the conditions governing its exercise.","start":1858.87,"end":1874.71,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Further","start":1858.87,"end":1859.19},{"text":"discussions,","start":1859.19,"end":1860.07},{"text":"including","start":1860.31,"end":1860.79},{"text":"in","start":1860.79,"end":1860.87},{"text":"the","start":1860.87,"end":1860.99},{"text":"Sixth","start":1860.99,"end":1861.35},{"text":"Committee's","start":1861.43,"end":1862.15},{"text":"working","start":1862.15,"end":1862.51},{"text":"group,","start":1862.51,"end":1862.87},{"text":"should","start":1863.35,"end":1863.55},{"text":"focus","start":1863.55,"end":1864.55},{"text":"on","start":1864.71,"end":1864.87},{"text":"clarifying","start":1864.87,"end":1865.67},{"text":"outstanding","start":1865.67,"end":1866.23},{"text":"legal","start":1866.23,"end":1866.47},{"text":"questions,","start":1866.47,"end":1867.19},{"text":"including","start":1867.91,"end":1868.35},{"text":"the","start":1868.35,"end":1868.47},{"text":"crimes","start":1868.47,"end":1868.87},{"text":"covered,","start":1868.87,"end":1869.51},{"text":"the","start":1869.99,"end":1870.11},{"text":"legal","start":1870.11,"end":1870.39},{"text":"basis","start":1870.39,"end":1870.87},{"text":"for","start":1870.95,"end":1871.19},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":1871.19,"end":1871.99},{"text":"and","start":1872.39,"end":1872.51},{"text":"the","start":1872.51,"end":1872.59},{"text":"conditions","start":1872.59,"end":1873.19},{"text":"governing","start":1873.19,"end":1873.67},{"text":"its","start":1873.67,"end":1873.87},{"text":"exercise.","start":1873.87,"end":1874.71}]},{"text":"Such discussions should draw on a careful assessment of state practice and relevant rules of international law, with due regard to the diverse legal systems and the views of Member States.","start":1875.59,"end":1888.63,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":1875.59,"end":1875.99},{"text":"discussions","start":1875.99,"end":1876.79},{"text":"should","start":1877.11,"end":1877.39},{"text":"draw","start":1877.39,"end":1877.79},{"text":"on","start":1877.79,"end":1877.91},{"text":"a","start":1877.91,"end":1877.99},{"text":"careful","start":1877.99,"end":1878.47},{"text":"assessment","start":1878.47,"end":1879.19},{"text":"of","start":1879.55,"end":1879.67},{"text":"state","start":1879.67,"end":1879.95},{"text":"practice","start":1879.95,"end":1880.63},{"text":"and","start":1880.71,"end":1880.87},{"text":"relevant","start":1880.87,"end":1881.43},{"text":"rules","start":1881.43,"end":1881.87},{"text":"of","start":1881.87,"end":1881.99},{"text":"international","start":1881.99,"end":1883.03},{"text":"law,","start":1883.03,"end":1883.11},{"text":"with","start":1883.75,"end":1884.03},{"text":"due","start":1884.03,"end":1884.23},{"text":"regard","start":1884.23,"end":1884.71},{"text":"to","start":1884.95,"end":1885.07},{"text":"the","start":1885.07,"end":1885.19},{"text":"diverse","start":1885.19,"end":1885.67},{"text":"legal","start":1885.75,"end":1886.07},{"text":"systems","start":1886.07,"end":1886.79},{"text":"and","start":1886.87,"end":1886.99},{"text":"the","start":1886.99,"end":1887.07},{"text":"views","start":1887.07,"end":1887.51},{"text":"of","start":1887.51,"end":1887.67},{"text":"Member","start":1887.67,"end":1887.99},{"text":"States.","start":1887.99,"end":1888.63}]},{"text":"We remain committed to combating impunity in accordance with international law, including through effective international cooperation in criminal matters.","start":1890.15,"end":1900.31,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1890.15,"end":1890.47},{"text":"remain","start":1890.47,"end":1890.79},{"text":"committed","start":1890.79,"end":1891.35},{"text":"to","start":1891.75,"end":1891.83},{"text":"combating","start":1891.83,"end":1892.35},{"text":"impunity","start":1892.35,"end":1893.03},{"text":"in","start":1893.03,"end":1893.19},{"text":"accordance","start":1893.19,"end":1893.75},{"text":"with","start":1893.75,"end":1893.99},{"text":"international","start":1893.99,"end":1895.07},{"text":"law,","start":1895.07,"end":1895.15},{"text":"including","start":1895.67,"end":1896.23},{"text":"through","start":1896.23,"end":1896.59},{"text":"effective","start":1896.59,"end":1897.19},{"text":"international","start":1897.19,"end":1897.83},{"text":"cooperation","start":1897.83,"end":1898.79},{"text":"in","start":1899.03,"end":1899.19},{"text":"criminal","start":1899.19,"end":1899.67},{"text":"matters.","start":1899.67,"end":1900.31}]},{"text":"In this spirit, Vietnam will continue to engage constructively with all Member States in further discussions on this topic.","start":1901.11,"end":1909.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1901.11,"end":1901.23},{"text":"this","start":1901.23,"end":1901.47},{"text":"spirit,","start":1901.47,"end":1901.91},{"text":"Vietnam","start":1902.39,"end":1902.87},{"text":"will","start":1902.87,"end":1902.99},{"text":"continue","start":1902.99,"end":1903.51},{"text":"to","start":1903.51,"end":1903.67},{"text":"engage","start":1903.67,"end":1904.15},{"text":"constructively","start":1904.23,"end":1905.27},{"text":"with","start":1905.51,"end":1905.75},{"text":"all","start":1905.83,"end":1906.07},{"text":"Member","start":1906.07,"end":1906.35},{"text":"States","start":1906.35,"end":1906.95},{"text":"in","start":1907.27,"end":1907.43},{"text":"further","start":1907.43,"end":1907.71},{"text":"discussions","start":1907.71,"end":1908.47},{"text":"on","start":1908.47,"end":1908.63},{"text":"this","start":1908.63,"end":1908.79},{"text":"topic.","start":1908.79,"end":1909.35}]},{"text":"I thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1909.75,"end":1910.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1909.75,"end":1909.91},{"text":"thank","start":1909.91,"end":1910.15},{"text":"you,","start":1910.15,"end":1910.23},{"text":"Madam","start":1910.23,"end":1910.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":1910.55,"end":1910.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"VNM","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Viet Nam"}},{"statement_number":13,"start":1911.99,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=31:52","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Vietnam for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.","start":1911.99,"end":1926.94,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1911.99,"end":1912.07},{"text":"thank","start":1912.07,"end":1912.31},{"text":"the","start":1912.31,"end":1912.43},{"text":"distinguished","start":1912.43,"end":1913.03},{"text":"representative","start":1913.03,"end":1913.75},{"text":"of","start":1913.75,"end":1913.83},{"text":"Vietnam","start":1913.83,"end":1914.55},{"text":"for","start":1914.63,"end":1914.83},{"text":"his","start":1914.83,"end":1914.99},{"text":"statement,","start":1914.99,"end":1915.55},{"text":"and","start":1915.55,"end":1915.71},{"text":"I","start":1915.71,"end":1915.75},{"text":"give","start":1915.75,"end":1915.95},{"text":"the","start":1915.95,"end":1916.07},{"text":"floor","start":1916.07,"end":1916.39},{"text":"to","start":1916.39,"end":1916.55},{"text":"the","start":1916.55,"end":1916.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":1916.63,"end":1917.19},{"text":"representative","start":1917.19,"end":1918.07},{"text":"of","start":1918.07,"end":1918.15},{"text":"the","start":1918.15,"end":1918.27},{"text":"Islamic","start":1918.31,"end":1918.79},{"text":"Republic","start":1918.79,"end":1919.27},{"text":"of","start":1926.14,"end":1926.34},{"text":"Iran.","start":1926.66,"end":1926.94}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":1928.51,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=32:09","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1928.51,"end":1929.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1928.51,"end":1928.71},{"text":"you,","start":1928.71,"end":1928.79},{"text":"Madam","start":1928.79,"end":1929.15},{"text":"Chair.","start":1929.15,"end":1929.47}]},{"text":"My delegation has reflected its views and observations regarding the scope and application of universal jurisdiction at the previous relevant meetings of the Sixth Committee.","start":1929.87,"end":1939.39,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1929.87,"end":1930.03},{"text":"delegation","start":1930.03,"end":1930.67},{"text":"has","start":1930.67,"end":1930.83},{"text":"reflected","start":1930.83,"end":1931.47},{"text":"its","start":1931.47,"end":1931.79},{"text":"views","start":1931.79,"end":1932.27},{"text":"and","start":1932.39,"end":1932.55},{"text":"observations","start":1932.55,"end":1933.23},{"text":"regarding","start":1933.23,"end":1933.63},{"text":"the","start":1933.63,"end":1933.75},{"text":"scope","start":1933.75,"end":1934.15},{"text":"and","start":1934.15,"end":1934.31},{"text":"application","start":1934.31,"end":1934.91},{"text":"of","start":1934.91,"end":1935.07},{"text":"universal","start":1935.07,"end":1935.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1935.63,"end":1936.35},{"text":"at","start":1936.91,"end":1937.03},{"text":"the","start":1937.03,"end":1937.15},{"text":"previous","start":1937.15,"end":1937.63},{"text":"relevant","start":1937.63,"end":1938.07},{"text":"meetings","start":1938.07,"end":1938.43},{"text":"of","start":1938.43,"end":1938.55},{"text":"the","start":1938.55,"end":1938.63},{"text":"Sixth","start":1938.63,"end":1938.95},{"text":"Committee.","start":1938.95,"end":1939.39}]},{"text":"Our longstanding position on this matter has not changed and remains consistent.","start":1940.43,"end":1945.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":1940.43,"end":1940.67},{"text":"longstanding","start":1940.67,"end":1941.39},{"text":"position","start":1941.39,"end":1941.83},{"text":"on","start":1941.83,"end":1941.95},{"text":"this","start":1941.95,"end":1942.11},{"text":"matter","start":1942.11,"end":1942.67},{"text":"has","start":1942.67,"end":1942.91},{"text":"not","start":1942.91,"end":1943.15},{"text":"changed","start":1943.15,"end":1943.67},{"text":"and","start":1944.11,"end":1944.27},{"text":"remains","start":1944.27,"end":1944.75},{"text":"consistent.","start":1944.75,"end":1945.55}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, it should be recalled that the very reason the African Group requested the inclusion of this agenda item for the Sixth Committee in 2009 was the concern over uncertain scope and application of universal jurisdiction and its arbitrary exercise.","start":1948.75,"end":1968.31,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1948.75,"end":1949.07},{"text":"Chair,","start":1949.07,"end":1949.39},{"text":"it","start":1949.39,"end":1949.55},{"text":"should","start":1949.55,"end":1949.71},{"text":"be","start":1949.71,"end":1949.79},{"text":"recalled","start":1949.79,"end":1950.43},{"text":"that","start":1950.59,"end":1950.75},{"text":"the","start":1950.75,"end":1950.83},{"text":"very","start":1950.83,"end":1951.15},{"text":"reason","start":1951.15,"end":1951.71},{"text":"the","start":1951.71,"end":1951.83},{"text":"African","start":1951.83,"end":1952.39},{"text":"Group","start":1952.39,"end":1952.63},{"text":"requested","start":1952.63,"end":1953.39},{"text":"the","start":1953.39,"end":1953.47},{"text":"inclusion","start":1953.47,"end":1953.99},{"text":"of","start":1953.99,"end":1954.07},{"text":"this","start":1954.07,"end":1954.27},{"text":"agenda","start":1954.27,"end":1954.67},{"text":"item","start":1954.67,"end":1955.15},{"text":"for","start":1957.03,"end":1957.19},{"text":"the","start":1957.19,"end":1957.27},{"text":"Sixth","start":1957.27,"end":1957.59},{"text":"Committee","start":1957.59,"end":1957.95},{"text":"in","start":1957.95,"end":1958.07},{"text":"2009","start":1958.07,"end":1958.95},{"text":"was","start":1958.95,"end":1959.35},{"text":"the","start":1959.43,"end":1959.59},{"text":"concern","start":1959.59,"end":1960.23},{"text":"over","start":1960.31,"end":1960.71},{"text":"uncertain","start":1960.71,"end":1961.59},{"text":"scope","start":1961.59,"end":1961.99},{"text":"and","start":1961.99,"end":1962.11},{"text":"application","start":1962.11,"end":1962.79},{"text":"of","start":1962.79,"end":1962.95},{"text":"universal","start":1962.95,"end":1963.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1963.51,"end":1964.87},{"text":"and","start":1965.59,"end":1965.75},{"text":"its","start":1965.75,"end":1965.91},{"text":"arbitrary","start":1965.99,"end":1967.51},{"text":"exercise.","start":1967.51,"end":1968.31}]},{"text":"As stated by the African group, the issue was the extent of its application and that there is no widespread state practice.","start":1969.11,"end":1977.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1969.11,"end":1969.51},{"text":"stated","start":1969.51,"end":1970.15},{"text":"by","start":1970.39,"end":1970.63},{"text":"the","start":1970.63,"end":1970.71},{"text":"African","start":1970.71,"end":1971.19},{"text":"group,","start":1971.19,"end":1971.51},{"text":"the","start":1971.59,"end":1971.71},{"text":"issue","start":1971.71,"end":1972.15},{"text":"was","start":1972.15,"end":1972.55},{"text":"the","start":1972.55,"end":1972.67},{"text":"extent","start":1972.67,"end":1973.19},{"text":"of","start":1973.19,"end":1973.27},{"text":"its","start":1973.27,"end":1973.47},{"text":"application","start":1973.47,"end":1974.23},{"text":"and","start":1974.31,"end":1974.59},{"text":"that","start":1974.59,"end":1974.83},{"text":"there","start":1974.83,"end":1975.03},{"text":"is","start":1975.03,"end":1975.11},{"text":"no","start":1975.11,"end":1975.43},{"text":"widespread","start":1975.43,"end":1976.15},{"text":"state","start":1976.15,"end":1976.55},{"text":"practice.","start":1976.55,"end":1977.19}]},{"text":"The discussions in the Sixth Committee over the years have demonstrated that significant divergences persist among the states concerning the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, particularly beyond treaty-based obligations.","start":1979.35,"end":1993.47,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1979.35,"end":1979.47},{"text":"discussions","start":1979.47,"end":1980.15},{"text":"in","start":1980.15,"end":1980.23},{"text":"the","start":1980.23,"end":1980.31},{"text":"Sixth","start":1980.31,"end":1980.59},{"text":"Committee","start":1980.59,"end":1981.03},{"text":"over","start":1981.03,"end":1981.27},{"text":"the","start":1981.27,"end":1981.39},{"text":"years","start":1981.39,"end":1981.75},{"text":"have","start":1981.75,"end":1981.99},{"text":"demonstrated","start":1981.99,"end":1982.75},{"text":"that","start":1982.75,"end":1982.95},{"text":"significant","start":1982.95,"end":1983.55},{"text":"divergences","start":1983.55,"end":1984.31},{"text":"persist","start":1984.31,"end":1984.87},{"text":"among","start":1984.87,"end":1985.11},{"text":"the","start":1985.11,"end":1985.19},{"text":"states","start":1985.19,"end":1985.75},{"text":"concerning","start":1986.03,"end":1986.51},{"text":"the","start":1986.51,"end":1986.63},{"text":"scope","start":1986.63,"end":1986.95},{"text":"and","start":1986.95,"end":1987.11},{"text":"application","start":1987.11,"end":1987.71},{"text":"of","start":1987.71,"end":1987.87},{"text":"universal","start":1988.19,"end":1988.83},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":1988.83,"end":1989.55},{"text":"particularly","start":1990.35,"end":1991.23},{"text":"beyond","start":1991.47,"end":1991.91},{"text":"treaty-based","start":1991.91,"end":1992.67},{"text":"obligations.","start":1992.67,"end":1993.47}]},{"text":"These divergences are also reflected in judicial opinions and legal scholarship.","start":1994.83,"end":2000.31,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1994.83,"end":1995.15},{"text":"divergences","start":1995.15,"end":1996.03},{"text":"are","start":1996.59,"end":1996.83},{"text":"also","start":1996.83,"end":1997.15},{"text":"reflected","start":1997.15,"end":1997.79},{"text":"in","start":1997.95,"end":1998.11},{"text":"judicial","start":1998.11,"end":1998.59},{"text":"opinions","start":1998.59,"end":1999.11},{"text":"and","start":1999.11,"end":1999.27},{"text":"legal","start":1999.27,"end":1999.63},{"text":"scholarship.","start":1999.63,"end":2000.31}]},{"text":"In the Arrest Warrant case, several ICJ judges acknowledged the absence of the established practice of universal jurisdiction, properly so-called.","start":2001.39,"end":2010.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2001.39,"end":2001.51},{"text":"the","start":2001.51,"end":2001.59},{"text":"Arrest","start":2001.59,"end":2001.99},{"text":"Warrant","start":2001.99,"end":2002.35},{"text":"case,","start":2002.35,"end":2002.75},{"text":"several","start":2002.83,"end":2003.39},{"text":"ICJ","start":2003.39,"end":2003.95},{"text":"judges","start":2003.95,"end":2004.51},{"text":"acknowledged","start":2004.51,"end":2005.23},{"text":"the","start":2005.31,"end":2005.43},{"text":"absence","start":2005.43,"end":2005.87},{"text":"of","start":2005.87,"end":2005.95},{"text":"the","start":2005.95,"end":2006.07},{"text":"established","start":2006.07,"end":2007.07},{"text":"practice","start":2007.07,"end":2007.51},{"text":"of","start":2007.51,"end":2007.59},{"text":"universal","start":2007.59,"end":2008.19},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2008.35,"end":2009.07},{"text":"properly","start":2009.07,"end":2009.59},{"text":"so-called.","start":2009.59,"end":2010.19}]},{"text":"Moreover, scholarly examinations have similarly highlighted the limited treaty-based and often geographically concentrated nature of approaches in this regard.","start":2011.55,"end":2023.95,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"rather","start":2041.99,"end":2042.47},{"text":"than","start":2042.47,"end":2042.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2042.67,"end":2043.35},{"text":"based","start":2043.35,"end":2043.67},{"text":"on","start":2043.83,"end":2043.95},{"text":"a","start":2043.95,"end":2043.99},{"text":"specific","start":2043.99,"end":2044.59},{"text":"nexus","start":2044.59,"end":2045.27},{"text":"or","start":2045.59,"end":2045.79},{"text":"the","start":2045.79,"end":2045.87},{"text":"implementation","start":2045.87,"end":2046.67},{"text":"of","start":2046.67,"end":2046.79},{"text":"treaty","start":2046.79,"end":2047.07},{"text":"obligations,","start":2047.07,"end":2047.91},{"text":"particularly","start":2047.91,"end":2048.71},{"text":"out","start":2048.71,"end":2048.83},{"text":"of","start":2048.83,"end":2048.95},{"text":"the","start":2048.95,"end":2049.07},{"text":"adjudicator.","start":2049.07,"end":2050.23}]},{"text":"In addition, other states expressly reject such expansive interpretations and consequently have no corresponding practice to demonstrate.","start":2053.59,"end":2063.67,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2053.59,"end":2053.75},{"text":"addition,","start":2053.75,"end":2054.31},{"text":"other","start":2054.79,"end":2055.11},{"text":"states","start":2055.11,"end":2055.67},{"text":"expressly","start":2055.83,"end":2056.47},{"text":"reject","start":2056.47,"end":2056.91},{"text":"such","start":2056.91,"end":2057.35},{"text":"expansive","start":2057.35,"end":2058.03},{"text":"interpretations","start":2058.03,"end":2058.95},{"text":"and","start":2059.59,"end":2060.07},{"text":"consequently","start":2060.15,"end":2061.03},{"text":"have","start":2061.11,"end":2061.43},{"text":"no","start":2061.43,"end":2061.67},{"text":"corresponding","start":2061.67,"end":2062.31},{"text":"practice","start":2062.31,"end":2062.79},{"text":"to","start":2062.79,"end":2062.95},{"text":"demonstrate.","start":2062.95,"end":2063.67}]},{"text":"The absence of such practice must not be construed as acquiescence or acceptance.","start":2064.79,"end":2069.91,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2064.79,"end":2064.91},{"text":"absence","start":2064.91,"end":2065.39},{"text":"of","start":2065.39,"end":2065.51},{"text":"such","start":2065.51,"end":2065.75},{"text":"practice","start":2065.75,"end":2066.31},{"text":"must","start":2066.31,"end":2066.55},{"text":"not","start":2066.55,"end":2066.71},{"text":"be","start":2066.71,"end":2066.83},{"text":"construed","start":2066.83,"end":2067.59},{"text":"as","start":2067.75,"end":2067.99},{"text":"acquiescence","start":2067.99,"end":2068.87},{"text":"or","start":2068.95,"end":2069.15},{"text":"acceptance.","start":2069.15,"end":2069.91}]},{"text":"Nor can the practices of a limited number of states be presented as reflecting a general practice accepted as law, particularly in the face of objections, observations, and concerns.","start":2070.83,"end":2082.55,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Nor","start":2070.83,"end":2071.07},{"text":"can","start":2071.07,"end":2071.31},{"text":"the","start":2071.31,"end":2071.43},{"text":"practices","start":2071.43,"end":2072.19},{"text":"of","start":2072.27,"end":2072.43},{"text":"a","start":2072.43,"end":2072.47},{"text":"limited","start":2072.47,"end":2072.91},{"text":"number","start":2072.91,"end":2073.15},{"text":"of","start":2073.15,"end":2073.23},{"text":"states","start":2073.23,"end":2073.71},{"text":"be","start":2073.71,"end":2073.95},{"text":"presented","start":2073.95,"end":2074.59},{"text":"as","start":2074.59,"end":2074.83},{"text":"reflecting","start":2074.83,"end":2075.47},{"text":"a","start":2075.63,"end":2075.67},{"text":"general","start":2075.67,"end":2076.03},{"text":"practice","start":2076.03,"end":2076.67},{"text":"accepted","start":2076.75,"end":2077.35},{"text":"as","start":2077.35,"end":2077.47},{"text":"law,","start":2077.47,"end":2077.95},{"text":"particularly","start":2078.43,"end":2079.23},{"text":"in","start":2079.23,"end":2079.39},{"text":"the","start":2079.39,"end":2079.51},{"text":"face","start":2079.51,"end":2079.83},{"text":"of","start":2079.83,"end":2079.95},{"text":"objections,","start":2079.95,"end":2080.67},{"text":"observations,","start":2080.75,"end":2081.71},{"text":"and","start":2081.79,"end":2082.03},{"text":"concerns.","start":2082.03,"end":2082.55}]},{"text":"The identification of customary international law requires sufficiently general and representative state practice accompanied by opinio juris.","start":2085.63,"end":2093.39,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2085.63,"end":2085.83},{"text":"identification","start":2085.83,"end":2086.71},{"text":"of","start":2086.71,"end":2086.83},{"text":"customary","start":2086.83,"end":2087.23},{"text":"international","start":2087.23,"end":2087.83},{"text":"law","start":2087.83,"end":2087.91},{"text":"requires","start":2087.91,"end":2088.39},{"text":"sufficiently","start":2088.39,"end":2089.15},{"text":"general","start":2089.15,"end":2089.63},{"text":"and","start":2089.63,"end":2089.75},{"text":"representative","start":2089.75,"end":2090.51},{"text":"state","start":2090.51,"end":2090.75},{"text":"practice","start":2090.75,"end":2091.31},{"text":"accompanied","start":2091.31,"end":2091.87},{"text":"by","start":2091.87,"end":2092.19},{"text":"opinio","start":2092.43,"end":2092.83},{"text":"juris.","start":2092.83,"end":2093.39}]},{"text":"Neither unilateral national legislation nor isolated judicial proceedings can dispense with these requirements for universal jurisdiction.","start":2094.23,"end":2101.75,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Neither","start":2094.23,"end":2094.55},{"text":"unilateral","start":2094.55,"end":2095.19},{"text":"national","start":2095.19,"end":2095.63},{"text":"legislation","start":2095.63,"end":2096.43},{"text":"nor","start":2096.43,"end":2096.71},{"text":"isolated","start":2096.71,"end":2097.27},{"text":"judicial","start":2097.27,"end":2097.67},{"text":"proceedings","start":2097.67,"end":2098.39},{"text":"can","start":2098.39,"end":2098.67},{"text":"dispense","start":2098.67,"end":2099.27},{"text":"with","start":2099.27,"end":2099.47},{"text":"these","start":2099.47,"end":2099.67},{"text":"requirements","start":2099.67,"end":2100.39},{"text":"for","start":2100.39,"end":2100.63},{"text":"universal","start":2100.63,"end":2101.11},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2101.11,"end":2101.75}]},{"text":"It is also essential to give due weight to the positions of the states rejecting expansive interpretations.","start":2103.99,"end":2111.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2103.99,"end":2104.63},{"text":"is","start":2104.63,"end":2105.03},{"text":"also","start":2105.19,"end":2105.67},{"text":"essential","start":2105.67,"end":2106.19},{"text":"to","start":2106.19,"end":2106.31},{"text":"give","start":2106.31,"end":2106.55},{"text":"due","start":2106.55,"end":2106.87},{"text":"weight","start":2106.87,"end":2107.23},{"text":"to","start":2107.23,"end":2107.31},{"text":"the","start":2107.31,"end":2107.43},{"text":"positions","start":2107.43,"end":2107.95},{"text":"of","start":2107.95,"end":2108.07},{"text":"the","start":2108.07,"end":2108.15},{"text":"states","start":2108.15,"end":2108.63},{"text":"rejecting","start":2108.63,"end":2109.27},{"text":"expansive","start":2109.59,"end":2110.23},{"text":"interpretations.","start":2110.23,"end":2111.19}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the Islamic Republic of Iran expresses its concerns regarding the proclivity of few who tend to misuse universal jurisdictions as an arbitrary tool in the pursuit of unjust political objectives in violation of the fundamental principles of international law.","start":2113.91,"end":2129.27,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2113.91,"end":2114.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":2114.23,"end":2114.55},{"text":"the","start":2114.55,"end":2114.75},{"text":"Islamic","start":2114.75,"end":2115.19},{"text":"Republic","start":2115.19,"end":2115.59},{"text":"of","start":2115.59,"end":2115.71},{"text":"Iran","start":2115.71,"end":2116.15},{"text":"expresses","start":2116.39,"end":2117.11},{"text":"its","start":2117.11,"end":2117.23},{"text":"concerns","start":2117.23,"end":2117.83},{"text":"regarding","start":2117.83,"end":2118.39},{"text":"the","start":2118.39,"end":2118.47},{"text":"proclivity","start":2118.47,"end":2119.23},{"text":"of","start":2119.23,"end":2119.35},{"text":"few","start":2119.35,"end":2119.75},{"text":"who","start":2119.75,"end":2119.83},{"text":"tend","start":2119.83,"end":2120.19},{"text":"to","start":2120.19,"end":2120.27},{"text":"misuse","start":2120.27,"end":2120.75},{"text":"universal","start":2120.79,"end":2121.31},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":2121.31,"end":2122.07},{"text":"as","start":2122.67,"end":2122.87},{"text":"an","start":2122.87,"end":2122.99},{"text":"arbitrary","start":2122.99,"end":2123.55},{"text":"tool","start":2123.55,"end":2123.83},{"text":"in","start":2123.83,"end":2123.91},{"text":"the","start":2123.91,"end":2123.99},{"text":"pursuit","start":2123.99,"end":2124.59},{"text":"of","start":2124.59,"end":2124.67},{"text":"unjust","start":2124.67,"end":2125.11},{"text":"political","start":2125.11,"end":2125.59},{"text":"objectives","start":2125.59,"end":2126.19},{"text":"in","start":2126.19,"end":2126.35},{"text":"violation","start":2126.35,"end":2126.99},{"text":"of","start":2126.99,"end":2127.15},{"text":"the","start":2127.15,"end":2127.23},{"text":"fundamental","start":2127.23,"end":2127.87},{"text":"principles","start":2127.87,"end":2128.35},{"text":"of","start":2128.35,"end":2128.43},{"text":"international","start":2128.43,"end":2129.19},{"text":"law.","start":2129.19,"end":2129.27}]},{"text":"The Islamic Republic of Iran reiterates that the selective and politically motivated application of universal jurisdiction would be detrimental to the attainment of the very objective sought in establishing such jurisdiction, which is ending impunity.","start":2131.07,"end":2145.71,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2131.07,"end":2131.19},{"text":"Islamic","start":2131.19,"end":2131.63},{"text":"Republic","start":2131.63,"end":2131.99},{"text":"of","start":2131.99,"end":2132.07},{"text":"Iran","start":2132.07,"end":2132.51},{"text":"reiterates","start":2132.51,"end":2133.07},{"text":"that","start":2133.15,"end":2133.39},{"text":"the","start":2133.39,"end":2133.47},{"text":"selective","start":2133.47,"end":2134.03},{"text":"and","start":2134.03,"end":2134.19},{"text":"politically","start":2134.19,"end":2134.83},{"text":"motivated","start":2134.83,"end":2135.47},{"text":"application","start":2135.47,"end":2136.03},{"text":"of","start":2136.03,"end":2136.11},{"text":"universal","start":2136.11,"end":2136.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2136.67,"end":2137.47},{"text":"would","start":2137.47,"end":2137.67},{"text":"be","start":2137.67,"end":2137.79},{"text":"detrimental","start":2137.79,"end":2138.59},{"text":"to","start":2138.59,"end":2138.75},{"text":"the","start":2138.75,"end":2138.87},{"text":"attainment","start":2138.87,"end":2139.63},{"text":"of","start":2139.63,"end":2139.87},{"text":"the","start":2139.87,"end":2139.99},{"text":"very","start":2139.99,"end":2140.35},{"text":"objective","start":2140.35,"end":2140.91},{"text":"sought","start":2140.91,"end":2141.31},{"text":"in","start":2141.71,"end":2141.87},{"text":"establishing","start":2141.87,"end":2142.59},{"text":"such","start":2142.59,"end":2142.87},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2142.87,"end":2143.63},{"text":"which","start":2143.99,"end":2144.27},{"text":"is","start":2144.27,"end":2144.51},{"text":"ending","start":2144.51,"end":2144.99},{"text":"impunity.","start":2144.99,"end":2145.71}]},{"text":"Also, in the application of universal jurisdiction that is to be invoked on the basis of treaty frameworks to which the concerned states are parties, due regard shall be had to the fundamental principles of international law, in particular sovereign equality, non-intervention, and territorial integrity.","start":2148.67,"end":2167.55,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":2148.67,"end":2149.31},{"text":"in","start":2149.31,"end":2149.51},{"text":"the","start":2149.51,"end":2149.59},{"text":"application","start":2149.59,"end":2150.15},{"text":"of","start":2150.15,"end":2150.27},{"text":"universal","start":2150.27,"end":2150.75},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2150.75,"end":2151.47},{"text":"that","start":2151.71,"end":2152.03},{"text":"is","start":2152.03,"end":2152.19},{"text":"to","start":2152.19,"end":2152.35},{"text":"be","start":2152.35,"end":2152.55},{"text":"invoked","start":2152.55,"end":2152.99},{"text":"on","start":2153.07,"end":2153.23},{"text":"the","start":2153.23,"end":2153.35},{"text":"basis","start":2153.35,"end":2153.79},{"text":"of","start":2153.79,"end":2153.95},{"text":"treaty","start":2153.95,"end":2154.31},{"text":"frameworks","start":2154.31,"end":2154.91},{"text":"to","start":2154.91,"end":2155.03},{"text":"which","start":2155.03,"end":2155.31},{"text":"the","start":2155.31,"end":2155.39},{"text":"concerned","start":2155.39,"end":2156.03},{"text":"states","start":2156.03,"end":2156.39},{"text":"are","start":2156.39,"end":2156.51},{"text":"parties,","start":2156.51,"end":2157.07},{"text":"due","start":2158.27,"end":2158.51},{"text":"regard","start":2158.51,"end":2158.91},{"text":"shall","start":2159.07,"end":2159.39},{"text":"be","start":2159.39,"end":2159.55},{"text":"had","start":2159.55,"end":2159.79},{"text":"to","start":2159.79,"end":2159.91},{"text":"the","start":2159.91,"end":2159.99},{"text":"fundamental","start":2159.99,"end":2160.59},{"text":"principles","start":2160.59,"end":2161.11},{"text":"of","start":2161.11,"end":2161.23},{"text":"international","start":2161.23,"end":2161.99},{"text":"law,","start":2161.99,"end":2162.07},{"text":"in","start":2163.07,"end":2163.15},{"text":"particular","start":2163.15,"end":2163.79},{"text":"sovereign","start":2163.79,"end":2164.11},{"text":"equality,","start":2164.11,"end":2164.75},{"text":"non-intervention,","start":2165.23,"end":2166.27},{"text":"and","start":2166.27,"end":2166.43},{"text":"territorial","start":2166.43,"end":2166.95},{"text":"integrity.","start":2166.95,"end":2167.55}]},{"text":"Such applications should not encroach upon the principle of state sovereignty as the hallmark of international relations and the principle of immunity of state officials, which is a significant manifestation thereof.","start":2171.07,"end":2182.23,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":2171.07,"end":2171.39},{"text":"applications","start":2171.39,"end":2171.95},{"text":"should","start":2171.95,"end":2172.19},{"text":"not","start":2172.19,"end":2172.35},{"text":"encroach","start":2172.35,"end":2172.75},{"text":"upon","start":2172.75,"end":2173.15},{"text":"the","start":2173.15,"end":2173.23},{"text":"principle","start":2173.23,"end":2173.75},{"text":"of","start":2173.75,"end":2173.87},{"text":"state","start":2173.87,"end":2174.11},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2174.11,"end":2174.75},{"text":"as","start":2174.91,"end":2175.07},{"text":"the","start":2175.07,"end":2175.23},{"text":"hallmark","start":2175.23,"end":2175.79},{"text":"of","start":2175.79,"end":2175.95},{"text":"international","start":2175.95,"end":2176.51},{"text":"relations","start":2176.51,"end":2177.07},{"text":"and","start":2177.43,"end":2177.59},{"text":"the","start":2177.59,"end":2177.67},{"text":"principle","start":2177.67,"end":2178.15},{"text":"of","start":2178.15,"end":2178.31},{"text":"immunity","start":2178.31,"end":2178.71},{"text":"of","start":2178.71,"end":2178.79},{"text":"state","start":2178.79,"end":2179.03},{"text":"officials,","start":2179.03,"end":2179.59},{"text":"which","start":2179.59,"end":2179.87},{"text":"is","start":2179.87,"end":2179.99},{"text":"a","start":2179.99,"end":2180.03},{"text":"significant","start":2180.03,"end":2180.95},{"text":"manifestation","start":2181.03,"end":2181.79},{"text":"thereof.","start":2181.79,"end":2182.23}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, in sum, the Islamic Republic of Iran views universal jurisdiction as a treaty-based exception in exercising national criminal jurisdiction.","start":2183.83,"end":2192.79,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2183.83,"end":2184.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":2184.23,"end":2184.47},{"text":"in","start":2184.47,"end":2184.71},{"text":"sum,","start":2184.71,"end":2185.11},{"text":"the","start":2185.75,"end":2185.87},{"text":"Islamic","start":2185.87,"end":2186.31},{"text":"Republic","start":2186.31,"end":2186.71},{"text":"of","start":2186.71,"end":2186.79},{"text":"Iran","start":2186.79,"end":2187.27},{"text":"views","start":2187.27,"end":2187.59},{"text":"universal","start":2187.59,"end":2188.07},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2188.07,"end":2188.71},{"text":"as","start":2188.71,"end":2188.87},{"text":"a","start":2188.87,"end":2188.91},{"text":"treaty-based","start":2188.91,"end":2189.75},{"text":"exception","start":2189.75,"end":2190.31},{"text":"in","start":2190.31,"end":2190.55},{"text":"exercising","start":2190.55,"end":2191.23},{"text":"national","start":2191.23,"end":2191.67},{"text":"criminal","start":2191.67,"end":2192.11},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2192.11,"end":2192.79}]},{"text":"In other words, the prevailing principle remains to be the principle of territorial jurisdiction as the key to sovereign equality of the states.","start":2193.59,"end":2201.67,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2193.59,"end":2193.75},{"text":"other","start":2193.75,"end":2193.99},{"text":"words,","start":2193.99,"end":2194.87},{"text":"the","start":2195.11,"end":2195.27},{"text":"prevailing","start":2195.27,"end":2195.83},{"text":"principle","start":2195.83,"end":2196.39},{"text":"remains","start":2196.39,"end":2196.75},{"text":"to","start":2196.75,"end":2196.87},{"text":"be","start":2196.87,"end":2196.99},{"text":"the","start":2196.99,"end":2197.07},{"text":"principle","start":2197.07,"end":2197.67},{"text":"of","start":2197.67,"end":2197.75},{"text":"territorial","start":2197.75,"end":2198.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2198.39,"end":2199.11},{"text":"as","start":2199.51,"end":2199.75},{"text":"the","start":2199.75,"end":2199.83},{"text":"key","start":2199.83,"end":2200.07},{"text":"to","start":2200.07,"end":2200.23},{"text":"sovereign","start":2200.23,"end":2200.63},{"text":"equality","start":2200.63,"end":2201.07},{"text":"of","start":2201.07,"end":2201.19},{"text":"the","start":2201.19,"end":2201.27},{"text":"states.","start":2201.27,"end":2201.67}]},{"text":"given the divergence of views, incoherence, and lack of unanimous state practices, including, accordingly, non-formation of relevant customary rules of international law.","start":2202.43,"end":2211.55,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"given","start":2202.43,"end":2202.75},{"text":"the","start":2202.75,"end":2202.83},{"text":"divergence","start":2202.83,"end":2203.51},{"text":"of","start":2203.51,"end":2203.59},{"text":"views,","start":2203.59,"end":2204.03},{"text":"incoherence,","start":2204.11,"end":2204.87},{"text":"and","start":2204.87,"end":2204.99},{"text":"lack","start":2204.99,"end":2205.23},{"text":"of","start":2205.23,"end":2205.39},{"text":"unanimous","start":2205.39,"end":2206.07},{"text":"state","start":2206.07,"end":2206.27},{"text":"practices,","start":2206.27,"end":2206.91},{"text":"including,","start":2206.91,"end":2207.55},{"text":"accordingly,","start":2207.55,"end":2208.27},{"text":"non-formation","start":2208.27,"end":2209.23},{"text":"of","start":2209.23,"end":2209.39},{"text":"relevant","start":2209.39,"end":2209.87},{"text":"customary","start":2209.87,"end":2210.39},{"text":"rules","start":2210.39,"end":2210.55},{"text":"of","start":2210.55,"end":2210.63},{"text":"international","start":2210.63,"end":2211.47},{"text":"law.","start":2211.47,"end":2211.55}]},{"text":"We are of the view that referring this matter to the ILC for further examination would not produce satisfactory results.","start":2212.91,"end":2220.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2212.91,"end":2213.11},{"text":"are","start":2213.11,"end":2213.23},{"text":"of","start":2213.23,"end":2213.39},{"text":"the","start":2213.39,"end":2213.51},{"text":"view","start":2213.51,"end":2213.79},{"text":"that","start":2213.79,"end":2214.03},{"text":"referring","start":2214.03,"end":2214.51},{"text":"this","start":2214.51,"end":2214.67},{"text":"matter","start":2214.67,"end":2215.07},{"text":"to","start":2215.07,"end":2215.19},{"text":"the","start":2215.19,"end":2215.31},{"text":"ILC","start":2215.31,"end":2215.95},{"text":"for","start":2216.43,"end":2216.67},{"text":"further","start":2216.67,"end":2217.11},{"text":"examination","start":2217.11,"end":2217.95},{"text":"would","start":2217.95,"end":2218.27},{"text":"not","start":2218.27,"end":2218.67},{"text":"produce","start":2218.67,"end":2219.35},{"text":"satisfactory","start":2219.35,"end":2220.07},{"text":"results.","start":2220.07,"end":2220.59}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":2221.07,"end":2221.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2221.07,"end":2221.15},{"text":"thank","start":2221.15,"end":2221.43},{"text":"you.","start":2221.43,"end":2221.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IRN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":2222.75,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=37:03","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Iran for his statement.","start":2222.75,"end":2226.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2222.75,"end":2222.83},{"text":"thank","start":2222.83,"end":2223.11},{"text":"the","start":2223.11,"end":2223.19},{"text":"distinguished","start":2223.19,"end":2223.79},{"text":"representative","start":2223.79,"end":2224.75},{"text":"of","start":2224.75,"end":2224.83},{"text":"Iran","start":2224.83,"end":2225.15},{"text":"for","start":2225.15,"end":2225.39},{"text":"his","start":2225.39,"end":2225.59},{"text":"statement.","start":2225.59,"end":2226.27}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.","start":2226.27,"end":2229.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2226.27,"end":2226.43},{"text":"give","start":2226.43,"end":2226.59},{"text":"the","start":2226.59,"end":2226.67},{"text":"floor","start":2226.67,"end":2226.99},{"text":"to","start":2226.99,"end":2227.15},{"text":"the","start":2227.15,"end":2227.23},{"text":"distinguished","start":2227.23,"end":2227.75},{"text":"representative","start":2227.75,"end":2228.47},{"text":"of","start":2228.47,"end":2228.59},{"text":"the","start":2228.59,"end":2228.67},{"text":"Russian","start":2228.67,"end":2229.07},{"text":"Federation.","start":2229.07,"end":2229.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":2232.91,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=37:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":2232.91,"end":2234.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2232.91,"end":2233.31},{"text":"you","start":2234.27,"end":2234.39},{"text":"very","start":2234.39,"end":2234.59},{"text":"much.","start":2234.59,"end":2234.99}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the Russian Federation places great importance on combating impunity for the most serious crimes under international law and international cooperation in this area.","start":2234.99,"end":2243.07,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2234.99,"end":2235.19},{"text":"Chair,","start":2235.23,"end":2235.51},{"text":"the","start":2235.51,"end":2235.63},{"text":"Russian","start":2235.63,"end":2235.87},{"text":"Federation","start":2235.87,"end":2236.43},{"text":"places","start":2236.43,"end":2236.67},{"text":"great","start":2236.67,"end":2236.83},{"text":"importance","start":2236.83,"end":2237.39},{"text":"on","start":2237.39,"end":2237.55},{"text":"combating","start":2237.55,"end":2237.99},{"text":"impunity","start":2237.99,"end":2238.55},{"text":"for","start":2238.55,"end":2238.67},{"text":"the","start":2238.67,"end":2238.79},{"text":"most","start":2238.79,"end":2239.11},{"text":"serious","start":2239.11,"end":2239.55},{"text":"crimes","start":2239.55,"end":2239.91},{"text":"under","start":2239.91,"end":2240.11},{"text":"international","start":2240.11,"end":2240.63},{"text":"law","start":2240.63,"end":2240.79},{"text":"and","start":2240.79,"end":2240.91},{"text":"international","start":2241.39,"end":2241.99},{"text":"cooperation","start":2241.99,"end":2242.47},{"text":"in","start":2242.47,"end":2242.55},{"text":"this","start":2242.55,"end":2242.67},{"text":"area.","start":2242.67,"end":2243.07}]},{"text":"At the same time, such cooperation depends on compliance with international legal norms that define the basis and limits of criminal jurisdiction.","start":2244.03,"end":2252.59,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2244.03,"end":2244.11},{"text":"the","start":2244.11,"end":2244.19},{"text":"same","start":2244.19,"end":2244.39},{"text":"time,","start":2244.43,"end":2244.83},{"text":"such","start":2244.83,"end":2245.15},{"text":"cooperation","start":2245.31,"end":2246.03},{"text":"depends","start":2246.03,"end":2246.51},{"text":"on","start":2246.51,"end":2246.75},{"text":"compliance","start":2246.83,"end":2247.19},{"text":"with","start":2247.19,"end":2247.31},{"text":"international","start":2247.31,"end":2247.95},{"text":"legal","start":2247.95,"end":2248.19},{"text":"norms","start":2248.19,"end":2248.55},{"text":"that","start":2248.55,"end":2248.67},{"text":"define","start":2248.67,"end":2248.95},{"text":"the","start":2248.95,"end":2249.03},{"text":"basis","start":2249.03,"end":2249.51},{"text":"and","start":2249.51,"end":2249.63},{"text":"limits","start":2249.63,"end":2250.11},{"text":"of","start":2250.15,"end":2250.27},{"text":"criminal","start":2250.51,"end":2250.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2251.51,"end":2252.59}]},{"text":"The lofty goal of bringing perpetrators to justice cannot in itself justify deviation from these norms.","start":2252.75,"end":2257.95,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2252.75,"end":2252.83},{"text":"lofty","start":2252.83,"end":2253.31},{"text":"goal","start":2253.31,"end":2253.79},{"text":"of","start":2253.83,"end":2254.03},{"text":"bringing","start":2254.03,"end":2254.31},{"text":"perpetrators","start":2254.31,"end":2254.83},{"text":"to","start":2254.83,"end":2254.91},{"text":"justice","start":2254.91,"end":2255.23},{"text":"cannot","start":2255.23,"end":2255.55},{"text":"in","start":2255.55,"end":2255.67},{"text":"itself","start":2255.67,"end":2256.03},{"text":"justify","start":2256.03,"end":2256.59},{"text":"deviation","start":2256.83,"end":2257.19},{"text":"from","start":2257.19,"end":2257.35},{"text":"these","start":2257.35,"end":2257.47},{"text":"norms.","start":2257.47,"end":2257.95}]},{"text":"We read the latest report of the SG, which contains the positions of a number of states as well as observers, including the ICRC, on the concept of universal jurisdiction.","start":2258.75,"end":2267.51,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2258.75,"end":2258.91},{"text":"read","start":2258.91,"end":2259.03},{"text":"the","start":2259.03,"end":2259.11},{"text":"latest","start":2259.11,"end":2259.35},{"text":"report","start":2259.35,"end":2259.63},{"text":"of","start":2259.63,"end":2259.75},{"text":"the","start":2259.75,"end":2259.87},{"text":"SG,","start":2259.87,"end":2260.35},{"text":"which","start":2260.35,"end":2260.71},{"text":"contains","start":2260.71,"end":2261.15},{"text":"the","start":2261.15,"end":2261.23},{"text":"positions","start":2261.23,"end":2261.55},{"text":"of","start":2261.55,"end":2261.63},{"text":"a","start":2261.63,"end":2261.67},{"text":"number","start":2261.67,"end":2262.03},{"text":"of","start":2262.03,"end":2262.11},{"text":"states","start":2262.11,"end":2262.43},{"text":"as","start":2262.43,"end":2262.55},{"text":"well","start":2262.55,"end":2262.67},{"text":"as","start":2262.67,"end":2262.79},{"text":"observers,","start":2262.79,"end":2263.23},{"text":"including","start":2263.23,"end":2263.59},{"text":"the","start":2263.59,"end":2263.71},{"text":"ICRC,","start":2263.71,"end":2264.47},{"text":"on","start":2265.27,"end":2265.39},{"text":"the","start":2265.39,"end":2265.47},{"text":"concept","start":2265.47,"end":2265.99},{"text":"of","start":2266.03,"end":2266.31},{"text":"universal","start":2266.39,"end":2266.87},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2266.87,"end":2267.51}]},{"text":"The materials contained within it once again demonstrate that there are significant, sometimes irreconcilable differences in states' understandings of the legal basis, scope, and procedure for application of this concept.","start":2268.23,"end":2278.87,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2268.23,"end":2268.35},{"text":"materials","start":2268.39,"end":2268.79},{"text":"contained","start":2268.79,"end":2269.07},{"text":"within","start":2269.07,"end":2269.31},{"text":"it","start":2269.31,"end":2269.43},{"text":"once","start":2269.43,"end":2269.67},{"text":"again","start":2269.67,"end":2269.91},{"text":"demonstrate","start":2269.91,"end":2270.59},{"text":"that","start":2270.59,"end":2270.71},{"text":"there","start":2270.71,"end":2270.83},{"text":"are","start":2270.83,"end":2270.95},{"text":"significant,","start":2270.95,"end":2271.59},{"text":"sometimes","start":2271.59,"end":2271.91},{"text":"irreconcilable","start":2271.91,"end":2272.63},{"text":"differences","start":2272.63,"end":2273.27},{"text":"in","start":2273.27,"end":2273.47},{"text":"states'","start":2273.47,"end":2273.83},{"text":"understandings","start":2273.83,"end":2274.67},{"text":"of","start":2274.67,"end":2274.79},{"text":"the","start":2274.79,"end":2274.91},{"text":"legal","start":2274.91,"end":2275.43},{"text":"basis,","start":2275.43,"end":2276.07},{"text":"scope,","start":2276.31,"end":2276.79},{"text":"and","start":2276.79,"end":2276.99},{"text":"procedure","start":2276.99,"end":2277.47},{"text":"for","start":2277.47,"end":2277.59},{"text":"application","start":2277.59,"end":2278.11},{"text":"of","start":2278.11,"end":2278.19},{"text":"this","start":2278.19,"end":2278.39},{"text":"concept.","start":2278.39,"end":2278.87}]},{"text":"It's telling that even those states that consider universal jurisdiction to be a key component of international criminal justice acknowledge the lack of a universally accepted definition and the risk of procedural abuse and politically motivated criminal prosecution when it is exercised without justification and arbitrarily.","start":2278.87,"end":2297.91,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":2278.87,"end":2279.11},{"text":"telling","start":2279.11,"end":2279.51},{"text":"that","start":2279.51,"end":2279.75},{"text":"even","start":2279.75,"end":2279.99},{"text":"those","start":2279.99,"end":2280.15},{"text":"states","start":2280.15,"end":2280.55},{"text":"that","start":2280.55,"end":2280.71},{"text":"consider","start":2280.71,"end":2281.35},{"text":"universal","start":2281.51,"end":2281.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2281.91,"end":2282.47},{"text":"to","start":2282.47,"end":2282.63},{"text":"be","start":2282.63,"end":2283.07},{"text":"a","start":2283.07,"end":2283.11},{"text":"key","start":2283.11,"end":2283.35},{"text":"component","start":2283.35,"end":2283.99},{"text":"of","start":2283.99,"end":2284.15},{"text":"international","start":2284.31,"end":2285.03},{"text":"criminal","start":2285.03,"end":2285.43},{"text":"justice","start":2285.43,"end":2286.15},{"text":"acknowledge","start":2288.03,"end":2288.55},{"text":"the","start":2288.55,"end":2288.63},{"text":"lack","start":2288.63,"end":2289.03},{"text":"of","start":2289.03,"end":2289.15},{"text":"a","start":2289.15,"end":2289.19},{"text":"universally","start":2289.19,"end":2289.63},{"text":"accepted","start":2289.63,"end":2290.43},{"text":"definition","start":2290.43,"end":2290.91},{"text":"and","start":2290.91,"end":2291.03},{"text":"the","start":2291.03,"end":2291.11},{"text":"risk","start":2291.11,"end":2291.43},{"text":"of","start":2291.43,"end":2291.51},{"text":"procedural","start":2291.51,"end":2292.31},{"text":"abuse","start":2292.31,"end":2292.75},{"text":"and","start":2292.75,"end":2292.87},{"text":"politically","start":2292.87,"end":2293.43},{"text":"motivated","start":2293.43,"end":2294.03},{"text":"criminal","start":2294.03,"end":2294.35},{"text":"prosecution","start":2294.35,"end":2295.03},{"text":"when","start":2295.03,"end":2295.19},{"text":"it","start":2295.19,"end":2295.27},{"text":"is","start":2295.27,"end":2295.39},{"text":"exercised","start":2295.39,"end":2295.99},{"text":"without","start":2295.99,"end":2296.27},{"text":"justification","start":2296.27,"end":2297.03},{"text":"and","start":2297.03,"end":2297.15},{"text":"arbitrarily.","start":2297.15,"end":2297.91}]},{"text":"Under these circumstances, we continue to believe it's unhelpful and premature to develop any unified criteria or other instructions with regard to the practical application of this jurisdiction.","start":2298.35,"end":2307.35,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":2298.35,"end":2298.55},{"text":"these","start":2298.55,"end":2298.75},{"text":"circumstances,","start":2298.75,"end":2299.35},{"text":"we","start":2299.35,"end":2299.95},{"text":"continue","start":2299.95,"end":2300.39},{"text":"to","start":2300.39,"end":2300.47},{"text":"believe","start":2300.47,"end":2300.67},{"text":"it's","start":2300.67,"end":2300.91},{"text":"unhelpful","start":2300.91,"end":2301.39},{"text":"and","start":2301.39,"end":2301.51},{"text":"premature","start":2301.51,"end":2302.07},{"text":"to","start":2302.07,"end":2302.15},{"text":"develop","start":2302.15,"end":2302.71},{"text":"any","start":2302.71,"end":2302.91},{"text":"unified","start":2302.91,"end":2303.31},{"text":"criteria","start":2303.31,"end":2303.91},{"text":"or","start":2303.91,"end":2304.03},{"text":"other","start":2304.03,"end":2304.23},{"text":"instructions","start":2304.23,"end":2304.87},{"text":"with","start":2304.87,"end":2304.99},{"text":"regard","start":2304.99,"end":2305.31},{"text":"to","start":2305.31,"end":2305.39},{"text":"the","start":2305.39,"end":2305.47},{"text":"practical","start":2305.47,"end":2305.83},{"text":"application","start":2305.83,"end":2306.39},{"text":"of","start":2306.39,"end":2306.51},{"text":"this","start":2306.51,"end":2306.71},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2306.71,"end":2307.35}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, I'd like to note that this issue appeared on the agenda of the General Assembly at its 64th session on the initiative of Tanzania, speaking on behalf of the African Group.","start":2308.23,"end":2317.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2308.23,"end":2308.55},{"text":"Chair,","start":2308.55,"end":2308.67},{"text":"I'd","start":2308.67,"end":2308.87},{"text":"like","start":2308.87,"end":2308.99},{"text":"to","start":2308.99,"end":2309.07},{"text":"note","start":2309.07,"end":2309.27},{"text":"that","start":2309.27,"end":2309.43},{"text":"this","start":2309.43,"end":2309.75},{"text":"issue","start":2309.75,"end":2310.23},{"text":"appeared","start":2310.23,"end":2310.59},{"text":"on","start":2310.59,"end":2310.71},{"text":"the","start":2310.71,"end":2310.83},{"text":"agenda","start":2310.87,"end":2311.31},{"text":"of","start":2311.31,"end":2311.39},{"text":"the","start":2311.39,"end":2311.47},{"text":"General","start":2311.47,"end":2311.75},{"text":"Assembly","start":2311.75,"end":2312.15},{"text":"at","start":2312.15,"end":2312.23},{"text":"its","start":2312.23,"end":2312.35},{"text":"64th","start":2312.35,"end":2312.99},{"text":"session","start":2312.99,"end":2313.43},{"text":"on","start":2313.63,"end":2313.71},{"text":"the","start":2313.71,"end":2313.79},{"text":"initiative","start":2313.79,"end":2314.31},{"text":"of","start":2314.35,"end":2314.55},{"text":"Tanzania,","start":2314.55,"end":2315.35},{"text":"speaking","start":2315.35,"end":2315.75},{"text":"on","start":2315.75,"end":2315.83},{"text":"behalf","start":2315.83,"end":2316.15},{"text":"of","start":2316.15,"end":2316.23},{"text":"the","start":2316.23,"end":2316.35},{"text":"African","start":2316.39,"end":2316.79},{"text":"Group.","start":2316.79,"end":2317.11}]},{"text":"The motivation for this was concerns about the abuse of universal jurisdiction with regard to African countries and their officials.","start":2317.83,"end":2325.27,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2317.83,"end":2317.95},{"text":"motivation","start":2317.99,"end":2318.55},{"text":"for","start":2318.55,"end":2318.71},{"text":"this","start":2318.71,"end":2318.95},{"text":"was","start":2318.95,"end":2319.27},{"text":"concerns","start":2319.27,"end":2319.91},{"text":"about","start":2319.91,"end":2320.23},{"text":"the","start":2320.23,"end":2320.47},{"text":"abuse","start":2320.47,"end":2321.11},{"text":"of","start":2321.19,"end":2321.51},{"text":"universal","start":2321.67,"end":2322.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2322.11,"end":2322.71},{"text":"with","start":2322.71,"end":2322.87},{"text":"regard","start":2322.87,"end":2323.15},{"text":"to","start":2323.15,"end":2323.35},{"text":"African","start":2323.35,"end":2323.79},{"text":"countries","start":2323.79,"end":2324.19},{"text":"and","start":2324.19,"end":2324.39},{"text":"their","start":2324.39,"end":2324.63},{"text":"officials.","start":2324.63,"end":2325.27}]},{"text":"The history of the issue is very important because in previous years, as well as during this discussion, we have repeatedly heard attempts to portray the topic as if the goal of our committee and the working group from the beginning were to promote the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":2325.67,"end":2340.27,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2325.67,"end":2325.83},{"text":"history","start":2325.83,"end":2326.71},{"text":"of","start":2326.71,"end":2326.79},{"text":"the","start":2326.79,"end":2326.91},{"text":"issue","start":2326.95,"end":2327.15},{"text":"is","start":2327.15,"end":2327.31},{"text":"very","start":2327.31,"end":2327.55},{"text":"important","start":2327.55,"end":2327.99},{"text":"because","start":2327.99,"end":2328.31},{"text":"in","start":2328.31,"end":2328.47},{"text":"previous","start":2328.47,"end":2328.87},{"text":"years,","start":2328.87,"end":2329.27},{"text":"as","start":2329.39,"end":2329.47},{"text":"well","start":2329.47,"end":2329.59},{"text":"as","start":2329.59,"end":2329.67},{"text":"during","start":2329.67,"end":2329.91},{"text":"this","start":2329.91,"end":2330.07},{"text":"discussion,","start":2330.07,"end":2330.63},{"text":"we","start":2330.63,"end":2330.87},{"text":"have","start":2330.87,"end":2331.11},{"text":"repeatedly","start":2331.91,"end":2332.35},{"text":"heard","start":2332.35,"end":2332.59},{"text":"attempts","start":2332.59,"end":2332.95},{"text":"to","start":2332.95,"end":2333.03},{"text":"portray","start":2333.03,"end":2333.43},{"text":"the","start":2333.43,"end":2333.55},{"text":"topic","start":2333.55,"end":2334.07},{"text":"as","start":2334.15,"end":2334.31},{"text":"if","start":2334.31,"end":2334.47},{"text":"the","start":2334.47,"end":2334.63},{"text":"goal","start":2334.63,"end":2334.91},{"text":"of","start":2334.91,"end":2335.03},{"text":"our","start":2335.03,"end":2335.19},{"text":"committee","start":2335.19,"end":2335.83},{"text":"and","start":2335.83,"end":2336.03},{"text":"the","start":2336.03,"end":2336.19},{"text":"working","start":2336.19,"end":2336.63},{"text":"group","start":2336.63,"end":2336.91},{"text":"from","start":2336.91,"end":2337.11},{"text":"the","start":2337.11,"end":2337.19},{"text":"beginning","start":2337.19,"end":2337.67},{"text":"were","start":2337.67,"end":2337.91},{"text":"to","start":2337.91,"end":2338.07},{"text":"promote","start":2338.07,"end":2338.43},{"text":"the","start":2338.43,"end":2338.51},{"text":"principle","start":2338.51,"end":2338.99},{"text":"of","start":2338.99,"end":2339.11},{"text":"universal","start":2339.23,"end":2339.75},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2339.75,"end":2340.27}]},{"text":"That is not the case.","start":2340.27,"end":2341.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2340.27,"end":2340.39},{"text":"is","start":2340.39,"end":2340.47},{"text":"not","start":2340.47,"end":2340.63},{"text":"the","start":2340.63,"end":2340.71},{"text":"case.","start":2340.71,"end":2341.11}]},{"text":"The main issue, the main problem or request of African states was to prevent a politicized and unjustified use of foreign criminal jurisdiction, and this has still remained unresolved.","start":2341.67,"end":2351.99,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2341.67,"end":2341.71},{"text":"main","start":2341.71,"end":2341.99},{"text":"issue,","start":2341.99,"end":2342.47},{"text":"the","start":2342.47,"end":2342.59},{"text":"main","start":2342.59,"end":2342.79},{"text":"problem","start":2342.79,"end":2343.23},{"text":"or","start":2343.23,"end":2343.39},{"text":"request","start":2343.39,"end":2343.83},{"text":"of","start":2343.83,"end":2344.07},{"text":"African","start":2344.47,"end":2344.87},{"text":"states","start":2344.87,"end":2345.23},{"text":"was","start":2345.23,"end":2345.35},{"text":"to","start":2345.35,"end":2345.47},{"text":"prevent","start":2345.47,"end":2346.07},{"text":"a","start":2346.39,"end":2346.43},{"text":"politicized","start":2346.43,"end":2347.03},{"text":"and","start":2347.03,"end":2347.15},{"text":"unjustified","start":2347.15,"end":2347.83},{"text":"use","start":2347.83,"end":2348.15},{"text":"of","start":2348.15,"end":2348.31},{"text":"foreign","start":2348.47,"end":2348.95},{"text":"criminal","start":2348.95,"end":2349.47},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2349.47,"end":2350.15},{"text":"and","start":2350.15,"end":2350.27},{"text":"this","start":2350.27,"end":2350.47},{"text":"has","start":2350.47,"end":2350.59},{"text":"still","start":2350.59,"end":2350.79},{"text":"remained","start":2350.95,"end":2351.27},{"text":"unresolved.","start":2351.27,"end":2351.99}]},{"text":"The group has not made any progress as far as developing even the most general concept of a set of guarantees to prevent this kind of abuse.","start":2352.23,"end":2359.67,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2352.23,"end":2352.35},{"text":"group","start":2352.35,"end":2352.67},{"text":"has","start":2352.67,"end":2352.79},{"text":"not","start":2352.79,"end":2353.03},{"text":"made","start":2353.11,"end":2353.27},{"text":"any","start":2353.27,"end":2353.47},{"text":"progress","start":2353.47,"end":2353.95},{"text":"as","start":2353.95,"end":2354.07},{"text":"far","start":2354.07,"end":2354.31},{"text":"as","start":2354.31,"end":2354.47},{"text":"developing","start":2354.47,"end":2355.11},{"text":"even","start":2355.59,"end":2355.83},{"text":"the","start":2355.83,"end":2355.91},{"text":"most","start":2355.91,"end":2356.15},{"text":"general","start":2356.15,"end":2356.55},{"text":"concept","start":2356.55,"end":2357.15},{"text":"of","start":2357.15,"end":2357.23},{"text":"a","start":2357.23,"end":2357.27},{"text":"set","start":2357.27,"end":2357.51},{"text":"of","start":2357.51,"end":2357.59},{"text":"guarantees","start":2357.59,"end":2358.15},{"text":"to","start":2358.15,"end":2358.27},{"text":"prevent","start":2358.27,"end":2358.67},{"text":"this","start":2358.67,"end":2358.79},{"text":"kind","start":2358.79,"end":2359.03},{"text":"of","start":2359.03,"end":2359.11},{"text":"abuse.","start":2359.11,"end":2359.67}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, we believe that jurisdiction should remain based on international conventions and be exercised in accordance with international, applicable international laws.","start":2359.91,"end":2369.51,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2359.91,"end":2360.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":2360.23,"end":2360.55},{"text":"we","start":2360.55,"end":2360.71},{"text":"believe","start":2360.71,"end":2361.11},{"text":"that","start":2361.11,"end":2361.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2361.23,"end":2361.87},{"text":"should","start":2361.87,"end":2362.23},{"text":"remain","start":2362.23,"end":2362.87},{"text":"based","start":2363.19,"end":2363.59},{"text":"on","start":2363.59,"end":2363.83},{"text":"international","start":2363.83,"end":2364.71},{"text":"conventions","start":2364.71,"end":2365.43},{"text":"and","start":2365.43,"end":2365.63},{"text":"be","start":2365.63,"end":2365.75},{"text":"exercised","start":2365.75,"end":2366.35},{"text":"in","start":2366.35,"end":2366.43},{"text":"accordance","start":2366.43,"end":2366.79},{"text":"with","start":2366.79,"end":2366.91},{"text":"international,","start":2366.91,"end":2367.67},{"text":"applicable","start":2367.83,"end":2368.27},{"text":"international","start":2368.27,"end":2369.15},{"text":"laws.","start":2369.15,"end":2369.51}]},{"text":"The powers that are provided for by concrete treaties in this regard should not automatically be extended to other categories of crimes, situations that are not covered by their provisions.","start":2370.19,"end":2379.95,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"National","start":2390.67,"end":2391.19},{"text":"law","start":2391.19,"end":2391.31},{"text":"cannot","start":2391.31,"end":2391.79},{"text":"serve","start":2391.79,"end":2391.99},{"text":"as","start":2391.99,"end":2392.07},{"text":"a","start":2392.07,"end":2392.11},{"text":"justification","start":2392.11,"end":2392.71},{"text":"for","start":2392.71,"end":2392.83},{"text":"violation","start":2392.83,"end":2393.31},{"text":"of","start":2393.31,"end":2393.39},{"text":"international","start":2393.39,"end":2393.99},{"text":"obligations","start":2393.99,"end":2394.43},{"text":"of","start":2394.43,"end":2394.51},{"text":"states.","start":2394.51,"end":2394.91}]},{"text":"the principle of sovereign equality of states, non-interference in internal affairs, and of course, the compliance with the norm of customary international law and immunity of state officials.","start":2395.63,"end":2406.15,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"History","start":2427.27,"end":2427.63},{"text":"has","start":2427.63,"end":2427.75},{"text":"shown","start":2427.75,"end":2427.99},{"text":"us","start":2427.99,"end":2428.07},{"text":"that","start":2428.07,"end":2428.39},{"text":"abuse","start":2428.39,"end":2428.75},{"text":"of","start":2428.75,"end":2428.83},{"text":"universal","start":2428.83,"end":2429.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2429.23,"end":2429.83},{"text":"could","start":2430.07,"end":2430.47},{"text":"significantly","start":2430.47,"end":2431.19},{"text":"complicate","start":2431.19,"end":2431.67},{"text":"interstate","start":2431.67,"end":2432.11},{"text":"relations.","start":2432.11,"end":2432.71}]},{"text":"Politically motivated criminal prosecutions can undermine trust, hinder official contacts, and make cooperation between competent bodies more difficult as a result.","start":2432.71,"end":2442.87,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"Politically","start":2432.71,"end":2433.11},{"text":"motivated","start":2433.11,"end":2433.75},{"text":"criminal","start":2434.31,"end":2434.67},{"text":"prosecutions","start":2434.67,"end":2435.43},{"text":"can","start":2435.43,"end":2435.59},{"text":"undermine","start":2435.59,"end":2436.15},{"text":"trust,","start":2436.15,"end":2436.79},{"text":"hinder","start":2436.95,"end":2437.31},{"text":"official","start":2437.31,"end":2437.59},{"text":"contacts,","start":2437.59,"end":2438.23},{"text":"and","start":2438.23,"end":2438.63},{"text":"make","start":2439.03,"end":2439.43},{"text":"cooperation","start":2439.91,"end":2440.55},{"text":"between","start":2440.55,"end":2440.83},{"text":"competent","start":2440.83,"end":2441.23},{"text":"bodies","start":2441.23,"end":2441.47},{"text":"more","start":2441.47,"end":2441.59},{"text":"difficult","start":2441.59,"end":2442.15},{"text":"as","start":2442.15,"end":2442.31},{"text":"a","start":2442.31,"end":2442.35},{"text":"result.","start":2442.35,"end":2442.87}]},{"text":"This fight against impunity suffers as well, the very cause that is often used to justify the actions of universal jurisdiction.","start":2443.83,"end":2451.99,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2443.83,"end":2444.07},{"text":"fight","start":2445.11,"end":2445.31},{"text":"against","start":2445.31,"end":2445.55},{"text":"impunity","start":2445.55,"end":2445.91},{"text":"suffers","start":2445.91,"end":2446.23},{"text":"as","start":2446.23,"end":2446.31},{"text":"well,","start":2446.31,"end":2446.63},{"text":"the","start":2446.63,"end":2446.75},{"text":"very","start":2446.75,"end":2446.95},{"text":"cause","start":2446.95,"end":2447.27},{"text":"that","start":2447.27,"end":2447.39},{"text":"is","start":2447.39,"end":2447.47},{"text":"often","start":2447.47,"end":2447.67},{"text":"used","start":2447.67,"end":2447.87},{"text":"to","start":2447.87,"end":2447.95},{"text":"justify","start":2447.95,"end":2448.47},{"text":"the","start":2448.71,"end":2448.91},{"text":"actions","start":2449.19,"end":2449.83},{"text":"of","start":2450.43,"end":2450.63},{"text":"universal","start":2450.79,"end":2451.39},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2451.39,"end":2451.99}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, we would like to point out that, as mentioned in the SG's report, there is a great deal of praise for the Hague Convention and international cooperation, as well as articles on the prevention of crimes against humanity and punishment for these crimes.","start":2451.99,"end":2469.67,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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don't see any justification for that kind of positive evaluation.","start":2469.67,"end":2472.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2469.67,"end":2469.75},{"text":"don't","start":2469.75,"end":2470.15},{"text":"see","start":2470.15,"end":2470.23},{"text":"any","start":2470.23,"end":2470.39},{"text":"justification","start":2470.39,"end":2470.87},{"text":"for","start":2470.87,"end":2470.99},{"text":"that","start":2470.99,"end":2471.11},{"text":"kind","start":2471.11,"end":2471.27},{"text":"of","start":2471.27,"end":2471.35},{"text":"positive","start":2471.35,"end":2471.83},{"text":"evaluation.","start":2471.99,"end":2472.79}]},{"text":"We believe that the Hague Convention lays out extremely unorthodox mechanisms for entry into 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this fact speaks volumes about the real level of international support for this document.","start":2487.15,"end":2491.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2487.15,"end":2487.31},{"text":"this","start":2487.31,"end":2487.59},{"text":"fact","start":2487.59,"end":2487.83},{"text":"speaks","start":2487.83,"end":2488.07},{"text":"volumes","start":2488.15,"end":2488.63},{"text":"about","start":2488.63,"end":2489.03},{"text":"the","start":2489.03,"end":2489.19},{"text":"real","start":2489.19,"end":2489.55},{"text":"level","start":2489.55,"end":2489.87},{"text":"of","start":2489.87,"end":2489.95},{"text":"international","start":2489.95,"end":2490.43},{"text":"support","start":2490.43,"end":2490.67},{"text":"for","start":2490.67,"end":2490.79},{"text":"this","start":2490.79,"end":2491.03},{"text":"document.","start":2491.03,"end":2491.59}]},{"text":"And yet another convention has been overlooked about the inapplicability of such limitations for war crimes and crimes against humanity in 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growing number of overlapping international treaties with very similar goals and subjects and very different 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mechanisms will inevitably be used selectively and in bad faith, paving the way toward further abuse of this concept of universal jurisdiction.","start":2527.55,"end":2536.19,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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it is by the ability of our practically oriented and effective response for the concerns of African states that our success will be 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Bangladesh.","start":2618.63,"end":2621.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2618.63,"end":2618.83},{"text":"I","start":2618.83,"end":2618.87},{"text":"give","start":2618.87,"end":2619.03},{"text":"the","start":2619.03,"end":2619.11},{"text":"floor","start":2619.11,"end":2619.43},{"text":"to","start":2619.43,"end":2619.55},{"text":"the","start":2619.55,"end":2619.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":2619.63,"end":2620.15},{"text":"representative","start":2620.15,"end":2620.95},{"text":"of","start":2620.95,"end":2621.03},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":2621.11,"end":2621.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":2624.95,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=43:45","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Ms. Mollah Rahman-e-Rahim, Madam Chair, Bangladesh aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":2624.95,"end":2631.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ms.","start":2624.95,"end":2625.19},{"text":"Mollah","start":2625.23,"end":2625.43},{"text":"Rahman-e-Rahim,","start":2625.43,"end":2626.07},{"text":"Madam","start":2626.55,"end":2626.83},{"text":"Chair,","start":2626.83,"end":2627.19},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":2627.83,"end":2628.39},{"text":"aligns","start":2628.39,"end":2628.71},{"text":"itself","start":2628.71,"end":2629.07},{"text":"with","start":2629.07,"end":2629.23},{"text":"the","start":2629.23,"end":2629.31},{"text":"statement","start":2629.31,"end":2629.75},{"text":"delivered","start":2629.75,"end":2630.15},{"text":"on","start":2630.15,"end":2630.23},{"text":"behalf","start":2630.23,"end":2630.59},{"text":"of","start":2630.59,"end":2630.67},{"text":"the","start":2630.67,"end":2630.79},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":2630.79,"end":2631.35},{"text":"Movement.","start":2631.39,"end":2631.91}]},{"text":"Bangladesh comes to this item with two experiences that may seem at first to pull in opposite directions.","start":2632.79,"end":2638.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":2632.79,"end":2633.35},{"text":"comes","start":2633.35,"end":2633.59},{"text":"to","start":2633.59,"end":2633.71},{"text":"this","start":2633.71,"end":2633.91},{"text":"item","start":2633.91,"end":2634.31},{"text":"with","start":2634.59,"end":2634.71},{"text":"two","start":2634.71,"end":2634.87},{"text":"experiences","start":2634.87,"end":2635.71},{"text":"that","start":2635.71,"end":2635.91},{"text":"may","start":2635.91,"end":2635.99},{"text":"seem","start":2635.99,"end":2636.27},{"text":"at","start":2636.27,"end":2636.39},{"text":"first","start":2636.39,"end":2636.87},{"text":"to","start":2637.35,"end":2637.47},{"text":"pull","start":2637.47,"end":2637.75},{"text":"in","start":2637.75,"end":2637.83},{"text":"opposite","start":2637.83,"end":2638.23},{"text":"directions.","start":2638.23,"end":2638.95}]},{"text":"On the first hand, it is the experience of a people who waited for justice, We have seen grave crimes go unanswered for years, and the Rohingya, who shelter on our soil, live with that still.","start":2639.51,"end":2650.99,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2639.51,"end":2639.59},{"text":"the","start":2639.59,"end":2639.71},{"text":"first","start":2639.71,"end":2640.07},{"text":"hand,","start":2640.07,"end":2640.39},{"text":"it","start":2640.71,"end":2640.87},{"text":"is","start":2640.87,"end":2640.95},{"text":"the","start":2640.95,"end":2641.07},{"text":"experience","start":2641.07,"end":2641.63},{"text":"of","start":2641.63,"end":2641.79},{"text":"a","start":2641.79,"end":2641.83},{"text":"people","start":2641.83,"end":2642.23},{"text":"who","start":2642.23,"end":2642.39},{"text":"waited","start":2642.39,"end":2642.71},{"text":"for","start":2642.71,"end":2642.87},{"text":"justice,","start":2642.87,"end":2643.51},{"text":"We","start":2644.03,"end":2644.19},{"text":"have","start":2644.19,"end":2644.35},{"text":"seen","start":2644.35,"end":2644.59},{"text":"grave","start":2644.59,"end":2644.91},{"text":"crimes","start":2644.91,"end":2645.31},{"text":"go","start":2645.31,"end":2645.43},{"text":"unanswered","start":2645.43,"end":2646.03},{"text":"for","start":2646.03,"end":2646.19},{"text":"years,","start":2646.19,"end":2646.67},{"text":"and","start":2647.15,"end":2647.27},{"text":"the","start":2647.27,"end":2647.35},{"text":"Rohingya,","start":2647.35,"end":2648.03},{"text":"who","start":2648.11,"end":2648.27},{"text":"shelter","start":2648.27,"end":2648.79},{"text":"on","start":2648.79,"end":2648.91},{"text":"our","start":2648.91,"end":2649.07},{"text":"soil,","start":2649.07,"end":2649.55},{"text":"live","start":2649.87,"end":2650.23},{"text":"with","start":2650.23,"end":2650.39},{"text":"that","start":2650.39,"end":2650.59},{"text":"still.","start":2650.59,"end":2650.99}]},{"text":"We know what impunity does.","start":2651.63,"end":2654.67,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2651.63,"end":2651.75},{"text":"know","start":2651.75,"end":2652.59},{"text":"what","start":2653.27,"end":2653.63},{"text":"impunity","start":2653.63,"end":2654.19},{"text":"does.","start":2654.19,"end":2654.67}]},{"text":"It teaches perpetrators that time is on their side, and it tells victims that the law is not.","start":2655.07,"end":2661.07,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2655.07,"end":2655.27},{"text":"teaches","start":2655.27,"end":2655.63},{"text":"perpetrators","start":2655.63,"end":2656.35},{"text":"that","start":2656.35,"end":2656.59},{"text":"time","start":2656.91,"end":2657.19},{"text":"is","start":2657.19,"end":2657.35},{"text":"on","start":2657.35,"end":2657.47},{"text":"their","start":2657.47,"end":2657.71},{"text":"side,","start":2657.71,"end":2658.19},{"text":"and","start":2658.51,"end":2658.71},{"text":"it","start":2658.71,"end":2658.79},{"text":"tells","start":2658.79,"end":2659.07},{"text":"victims","start":2659.07,"end":2659.71},{"text":"that","start":2659.87,"end":2660.11},{"text":"the","start":2660.11,"end":2660.19},{"text":"law","start":2660.19,"end":2660.43},{"text":"is","start":2660.43,"end":2660.67},{"text":"not.","start":2660.67,"end":2661.07}]},{"text":"On the other hand, our concerns of selectivity and sovereignty.","start":2661.79,"end":2666.11,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2661.79,"end":2661.95},{"text":"the","start":2661.95,"end":2662.07},{"text":"other","start":2662.07,"end":2662.27},{"text":"hand,","start":2662.27,"end":2662.59},{"text":"our","start":2663.71,"end":2663.87},{"text":"concerns","start":2663.87,"end":2664.59},{"text":"of","start":2664.59,"end":2664.71},{"text":"selectivity","start":2664.71,"end":2665.43},{"text":"and","start":2665.43,"end":2665.55},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":2665.55,"end":2666.11}]},{"text":"We understand the concern voiced by many in this room that universal jurisdiction can be invoked selectively against some states and never against others, and that it can be used for political ends rather than for justice.","start":2666.59,"end":2679.67,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2666.59,"end":2666.71},{"text":"understand","start":2666.71,"end":2667.27},{"text":"the","start":2667.27,"end":2667.35},{"text":"concern","start":2667.35,"end":2667.95},{"text":"voiced","start":2668.27,"end":2668.59},{"text":"by","start":2668.59,"end":2668.75},{"text":"many","start":2668.75,"end":2669.03},{"text":"in","start":2669.03,"end":2669.11},{"text":"this","start":2669.11,"end":2669.31},{"text":"room","start":2669.31,"end":2669.71},{"text":"that","start":2670.11,"end":2670.31},{"text":"universal","start":2670.31,"end":2670.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2670.83,"end":2671.43},{"text":"can","start":2671.43,"end":2671.55},{"text":"be","start":2671.55,"end":2671.67},{"text":"invoked","start":2671.67,"end":2672.11},{"text":"selectively","start":2672.11,"end":2672.83},{"text":"against","start":2673.27,"end":2673.67},{"text":"some","start":2673.67,"end":2673.91},{"text":"states","start":2673.91,"end":2674.39},{"text":"and","start":2674.39,"end":2674.51},{"text":"never","start":2674.51,"end":2674.71},{"text":"against","start":2674.71,"end":2675.07},{"text":"others,","start":2675.07,"end":2675.51},{"text":"and","start":2675.99,"end":2676.15},{"text":"that","start":2676.15,"end":2676.31},{"text":"it","start":2676.31,"end":2676.43},{"text":"can","start":2676.43,"end":2676.63},{"text":"be","start":2676.63,"end":2676.79},{"text":"used","start":2676.79,"end":2677.11},{"text":"for","start":2677.11,"end":2677.27},{"text":"political","start":2677.27,"end":2677.75},{"text":"ends","start":2677.75,"end":2678.15},{"text":"rather","start":2678.31,"end":2678.71},{"text":"than","start":2678.71,"end":2678.87},{"text":"for","start":2678.87,"end":2679.03},{"text":"justice.","start":2679.03,"end":2679.67}]},{"text":"That concern is not new.","start":2680.23,"end":2681.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2680.23,"end":2680.47},{"text":"concern","start":2680.47,"end":2680.87},{"text":"is","start":2680.87,"end":2681.03},{"text":"not","start":2681.03,"end":2681.27},{"text":"new.","start":2681.27,"end":2681.59}]},{"text":"In the Arrest Warrant case, Judge Gilbert, the President of the ICJ of that time, warned that giving courts of every state jurisdiction over such crimes, whoever their authors and victims, would risk creating total chaos and encourage the arbitrary for the benefit of the powerful.","start":2682.15,"end":2700.23,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2682.15,"end":2682.23},{"text":"the","start":2682.23,"end":2682.35},{"text":"Arrest","start":2682.35,"end":2682.67},{"text":"Warrant","start":2682.67,"end":2682.95},{"text":"case,","start":2682.95,"end":2683.35},{"text":"Judge","start":2683.75,"end":2684.07},{"text":"Gilbert,","start":2684.07,"end":2684.63},{"text":"the","start":2684.95,"end":2685.11},{"text":"President","start":2685.11,"end":2685.55},{"text":"of","start":2685.55,"end":2685.67},{"text":"the","start":2685.67,"end":2685.75},{"text":"ICJ","start":2685.75,"end":2686.11},{"text":"of","start":2686.11,"end":2686.23},{"text":"that","start":2686.23,"end":2686.51},{"text":"time,","start":2686.51,"end":2686.87},{"text":"warned","start":2687.19,"end":2687.55},{"text":"that","start":2687.55,"end":2687.75},{"text":"giving","start":2687.75,"end":2688.15},{"text":"courts","start":2688.15,"end":2688.59},{"text":"of","start":2688.59,"end":2688.71},{"text":"every","start":2688.71,"end":2689.11},{"text":"state","start":2689.11,"end":2689.47},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2689.47,"end":2690.23},{"text":"over","start":2690.23,"end":2690.39},{"text":"such","start":2690.39,"end":2690.71},{"text":"crimes,","start":2690.71,"end":2691.19},{"text":"whoever","start":2691.67,"end":2692.15},{"text":"their","start":2692.15,"end":2692.47},{"text":"authors","start":2692.47,"end":2692.87},{"text":"and","start":2692.87,"end":2693.03},{"text":"victims,","start":2693.03,"end":2693.59},{"text":"would","start":2693.91,"end":2694.15},{"text":"risk","start":2694.15,"end":2694.83},{"text":"creating","start":2694.83,"end":2695.35},{"text":"total","start":2695.35,"end":2695.83},{"text":"chaos","start":2695.83,"end":2696.47},{"text":"and","start":2696.79,"end":2696.99},{"text":"encourage","start":2696.99,"end":2697.51},{"text":"the","start":2697.51,"end":2697.67},{"text":"arbitrary","start":2697.67,"end":2698.47},{"text":"for","start":2698.71,"end":2698.95},{"text":"the","start":2698.95,"end":2699.03},{"text":"benefit","start":2699.03,"end":2699.51},{"text":"of","start":2699.51,"end":2699.59},{"text":"the","start":2699.59,"end":2699.71},{"text":"powerful.","start":2699.71,"end":2700.23}]},{"text":"There is also the claim by some states that universal jurisdiction undermines the sovereignty of the state where the crimes have occurred and whose nationals have perpetrated or has been affected by the crimes.","start":2701.23,"end":2713.47,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2701.23,"end":2701.43},{"text":"is","start":2701.43,"end":2701.55},{"text":"also","start":2701.55,"end":2701.87},{"text":"the","start":2701.87,"end":2701.99},{"text":"claim","start":2701.99,"end":2702.43},{"text":"by","start":2702.43,"end":2702.67},{"text":"some","start":2702.67,"end":2702.91},{"text":"states","start":2702.91,"end":2703.47},{"text":"that","start":2703.71,"end":2703.95},{"text":"universal","start":2703.95,"end":2704.43},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2704.43,"end":2705.03},{"text":"undermines","start":2705.03,"end":2705.63},{"text":"the","start":2705.63,"end":2705.71},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2705.71,"end":2706.43},{"text":"of","start":2706.59,"end":2706.75},{"text":"the","start":2706.75,"end":2706.83},{"text":"state","start":2706.83,"end":2707.23},{"text":"where","start":2707.55,"end":2707.75},{"text":"the","start":2707.75,"end":2707.87},{"text":"crimes","start":2707.87,"end":2708.27},{"text":"have","start":2708.27,"end":2708.43},{"text":"occurred","start":2708.43,"end":2708.83},{"text":"and","start":2709.15,"end":2709.35},{"text":"whose","start":2709.35,"end":2709.63},{"text":"nationals","start":2709.63,"end":2710.27},{"text":"have","start":2710.27,"end":2710.43},{"text":"perpetrated","start":2710.43,"end":2711.15},{"text":"or","start":2711.47,"end":2711.79},{"text":"has","start":2711.79,"end":2711.99},{"text":"been","start":2711.99,"end":2712.19},{"text":"affected","start":2712.19,"end":2712.63},{"text":"by","start":2712.63,"end":2712.75},{"text":"the","start":2712.75,"end":2712.87},{"text":"crimes.","start":2712.87,"end":2713.47}]},{"text":"Bangladesh believes there is no conflict between national sovereignty and universal jurisdiction, nor is it a selective tool when it is exercised in accordance with clear shared rules.","start":2713.95,"end":2724.51,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":2713.95,"end":2714.51},{"text":"believes","start":2714.51,"end":2715.07},{"text":"there","start":2715.31,"end":2715.51},{"text":"is","start":2715.51,"end":2715.63},{"text":"no","start":2715.63,"end":2715.79},{"text":"conflict","start":2715.79,"end":2716.31},{"text":"between","start":2716.31,"end":2716.63},{"text":"national","start":2716.63,"end":2716.99},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2716.99,"end":2717.43},{"text":"and","start":2717.43,"end":2717.55},{"text":"universal","start":2717.55,"end":2718.03},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2718.03,"end":2718.75},{"text":"nor","start":2719.23,"end":2719.55},{"text":"is","start":2719.55,"end":2719.79},{"text":"it","start":2719.79,"end":2719.87},{"text":"a","start":2719.87,"end":2719.95},{"text":"selective","start":2719.95,"end":2720.59},{"text":"tool","start":2720.59,"end":2720.91},{"text":"when","start":2721.19,"end":2721.47},{"text":"it","start":2721.47,"end":2721.63},{"text":"is","start":2721.63,"end":2721.79},{"text":"exercised","start":2721.79,"end":2722.43},{"text":"in","start":2722.43,"end":2722.59},{"text":"accordance","start":2722.59,"end":2723.03},{"text":"with","start":2723.03,"end":2723.23},{"text":"clear","start":2723.23,"end":2723.63},{"text":"shared","start":2723.63,"end":2723.95},{"text":"rules.","start":2723.95,"end":2724.51}]},{"text":"Our constitution joins the two.","start":2724.99,"end":2726.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2724.99,"end":2725.15},{"text":"constitution","start":2725.15,"end":2725.87},{"text":"joins","start":2725.87,"end":2726.19},{"text":"the","start":2726.19,"end":2726.35},{"text":"two.","start":2726.35,"end":2726.59}]},{"text":"Article 25 of the constitution bases Bangladesh's international relations on respect for national sovereignty and equality and on respect for international law and the principles enunciated in United Nations Charter.","start":2727.51,"end":2740.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":2727.51,"end":2727.99},{"text":"25","start":2727.99,"end":2728.47},{"text":"of","start":2728.47,"end":2728.55},{"text":"the","start":2728.55,"end":2728.71},{"text":"constitution","start":2728.71,"end":2729.51},{"text":"bases","start":2729.83,"end":2730.23},{"text":"Bangladesh's","start":2730.23,"end":2730.87},{"text":"international","start":2730.87,"end":2731.47},{"text":"relations","start":2731.47,"end":2732.07},{"text":"on","start":2732.43,"end":2732.63},{"text":"respect","start":2732.63,"end":2733.11},{"text":"for","start":2733.11,"end":2733.23},{"text":"national","start":2733.23,"end":2733.67},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2733.67,"end":2734.15},{"text":"and","start":2734.15,"end":2734.27},{"text":"equality","start":2734.27,"end":2734.87},{"text":"and","start":2735.27,"end":2735.47},{"text":"on","start":2735.47,"end":2735.59},{"text":"respect","start":2735.59,"end":2735.99},{"text":"for","start":2735.99,"end":2736.11},{"text":"international","start":2736.11,"end":2737.07},{"text":"law","start":2737.07,"end":2737.15},{"text":"and","start":2737.43,"end":2737.59},{"text":"the","start":2737.59,"end":2737.67},{"text":"principles","start":2737.67,"end":2738.31},{"text":"enunciated","start":2738.31,"end":2739.11},{"text":"in","start":2739.11,"end":2739.31},{"text":"United","start":2739.31,"end":2739.71},{"text":"Nations","start":2739.71,"end":2740.07},{"text":"Charter.","start":2740.07,"end":2740.55}]},{"text":"Our commitment to the rule of law at home and abroad rests on both.","start":2741.83,"end":2745.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2741.83,"end":2742.07},{"text":"commitment","start":2742.07,"end":2742.59},{"text":"to","start":2742.59,"end":2742.67},{"text":"the","start":2742.67,"end":2742.79},{"text":"rule","start":2742.79,"end":2742.99},{"text":"of","start":2742.99,"end":2743.11},{"text":"law","start":2743.11,"end":2743.43},{"text":"at","start":2743.43,"end":2743.59},{"text":"home","start":2743.59,"end":2743.79},{"text":"and","start":2743.79,"end":2743.91},{"text":"abroad","start":2743.91,"end":2744.39},{"text":"rests","start":2744.87,"end":2745.35},{"text":"on","start":2745.35,"end":2745.51},{"text":"both.","start":2745.51,"end":2745.71}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction is not a new idea.","start":2746.63,"end":2749.67,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":2746.63,"end":2747.19},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2747.19,"end":2747.99},{"text":"is","start":2748.39,"end":2748.63},{"text":"not","start":2748.63,"end":2748.87},{"text":"a","start":2748.87,"end":2748.91},{"text":"new","start":2748.91,"end":2749.11},{"text":"idea.","start":2749.11,"end":2749.67}]},{"text":"For centuries, the pirate was treated as the enemy of mankind.","start":2750.39,"end":2755.59,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2750.39,"end":2750.63},{"text":"centuries,","start":2750.63,"end":2751.43},{"text":"the","start":2751.75,"end":2751.91},{"text":"pirate","start":2751.91,"end":2752.55},{"text":"was","start":2752.55,"end":2753.11},{"text":"treated","start":2753.51,"end":2754.07},{"text":"as","start":2754.07,"end":2754.31},{"text":"the","start":2754.31,"end":2754.43},{"text":"enemy","start":2754.43,"end":2754.83},{"text":"of","start":2754.83,"end":2755.03},{"text":"mankind.","start":2755.03,"end":2755.59}]},{"text":"whom any state could try.","start":2755.99,"end":2757.51,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"whom","start":2755.99,"end":2756.31},{"text":"any","start":2756.31,"end":2756.55},{"text":"state","start":2756.55,"end":2756.95},{"text":"could","start":2756.95,"end":2757.15},{"text":"try.","start":2757.15,"end":2757.51}]},{"text":"Since 1949, the Geneva Conventions, to which every state is a party, have obliged each state to search for those alleged to have committed grave breaches and to bring them, regardless of nationality, before its own courts.","start":2758.23,"end":2773.43,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":2758.23,"end":2758.55},{"text":"1949,","start":2758.55,"end":2759.59},{"text":"the","start":2759.91,"end":2760.07},{"text":"Geneva","start":2760.07,"end":2760.39},{"text":"Conventions,","start":2760.39,"end":2761.11},{"text":"to","start":2761.11,"end":2761.23},{"text":"which","start":2761.23,"end":2761.51},{"text":"every","start":2761.51,"end":2761.91},{"text":"state","start":2761.91,"end":2762.23},{"text":"is","start":2762.23,"end":2762.31},{"text":"a","start":2762.31,"end":2762.39},{"text":"party,","start":2762.39,"end":2762.95},{"text":"have","start":2763.35,"end":2763.59},{"text":"obliged","start":2763.59,"end":2764.11},{"text":"each","start":2764.23,"end":2764.35},{"text":"state","start":2764.39,"end":2764.95},{"text":"to","start":2765.35,"end":2765.59},{"text":"search","start":2765.59,"end":2765.99},{"text":"for","start":2765.99,"end":2766.15},{"text":"those","start":2766.15,"end":2766.63},{"text":"alleged","start":2766.95,"end":2767.27},{"text":"to","start":2767.27,"end":2767.47},{"text":"have","start":2767.47,"end":2767.67},{"text":"committed","start":2767.67,"end":2768.11},{"text":"grave","start":2768.11,"end":2768.39},{"text":"breaches","start":2768.39,"end":2768.95},{"text":"and","start":2769.43,"end":2769.63},{"text":"to","start":2769.63,"end":2769.75},{"text":"bring","start":2769.75,"end":2770.07},{"text":"them,","start":2770.07,"end":2770.31},{"text":"regardless","start":2770.39,"end":2770.99},{"text":"of","start":2770.99,"end":2771.11},{"text":"nationality,","start":2771.11,"end":2771.91},{"text":"before","start":2772.15,"end":2772.55},{"text":"its","start":2772.55,"end":2772.79},{"text":"own","start":2772.79,"end":2772.95},{"text":"courts.","start":2772.95,"end":2773.43}]},{"text":"What is new is not the principle, but its reach.","start":2774.03,"end":2777.59,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":2774.03,"end":2774.39},{"text":"is","start":2774.39,"end":2774.63},{"text":"new","start":2774.63,"end":2774.95},{"text":"is","start":2774.95,"end":2775.27},{"text":"not","start":2775.27,"end":2775.43},{"text":"the","start":2775.43,"end":2775.59},{"text":"principle,","start":2775.59,"end":2776.15},{"text":"but","start":2776.63,"end":2776.87},{"text":"its","start":2776.87,"end":2777.11},{"text":"reach.","start":2777.11,"end":2777.59}]},{"text":"We have, Madam Chair, we have seen what universal jurisdiction can achieve.","start":2779.03,"end":2783.11,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2779.03,"end":2779.35},{"text":"have,","start":2779.35,"end":2779.67},{"text":"Madam","start":2779.75,"end":2780.07},{"text":"Chair,","start":2780.07,"end":2780.47},{"text":"we","start":2780.47,"end":2780.63},{"text":"have","start":2780.63,"end":2780.79},{"text":"seen","start":2780.79,"end":2781.15},{"text":"what","start":2781.15,"end":2781.39},{"text":"universal","start":2781.39,"end":2781.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2781.91,"end":2782.47},{"text":"can","start":2782.47,"end":2782.63},{"text":"achieve.","start":2782.63,"end":2783.11}]},{"text":"In February 2025, a court in Argentina issued arrest warrants against senior Myanmar officials, including the Commander-in-Chief, in a case brought by Rohingya survivors under the principles of universal jurisdiction.","start":2783.75,"end":2797.67,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2783.75,"end":2783.91},{"text":"February","start":2783.91,"end":2784.39},{"text":"2025,","start":2784.39,"end":2785.43},{"text":"a","start":2785.83,"end":2785.87},{"text":"court","start":2785.87,"end":2786.15},{"text":"in","start":2786.15,"end":2786.27},{"text":"Argentina","start":2786.27,"end":2786.87},{"text":"issued","start":2787.27,"end":2787.67},{"text":"arrest","start":2787.67,"end":2788.07},{"text":"warrants","start":2788.07,"end":2788.39},{"text":"against","start":2788.39,"end":2788.79},{"text":"senior","start":2788.79,"end":2789.27},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2789.35,"end":2789.83},{"text":"officials,","start":2789.83,"end":2790.47},{"text":"including","start":2790.79,"end":2791.27},{"text":"the","start":2791.27,"end":2791.39},{"text":"Commander-in-Chief,","start":2791.39,"end":2792.31},{"text":"in","start":2792.79,"end":2792.95},{"text":"a","start":2792.95,"end":2792.99},{"text":"case","start":2792.99,"end":2793.35},{"text":"brought","start":2793.35,"end":2793.75},{"text":"by","start":2793.75,"end":2793.87},{"text":"Rohingya","start":2793.87,"end":2794.31},{"text":"survivors","start":2794.31,"end":2795.11},{"text":"under","start":2795.43,"end":2795.71},{"text":"the","start":2795.71,"end":2795.79},{"text":"principles","start":2795.79,"end":2796.35},{"text":"of","start":2796.35,"end":2796.43},{"text":"universal","start":2796.43,"end":2796.95},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2796.95,"end":2797.67}]},{"text":"For the more than one million Rohingya in Bangladesh, that decision said something vital: that the crimes committed against them have not been forgotten, and that distance need not be a barrier to justice under international law.","start":2798.47,"end":2812.35,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2798.47,"end":2798.71},{"text":"the","start":2798.71,"end":2798.79},{"text":"more","start":2798.79,"end":2799.11},{"text":"than","start":2799.11,"end":2799.35},{"text":"one","start":2799.35,"end":2799.59},{"text":"million","start":2799.59,"end":2799.99},{"text":"Rohingya","start":2799.99,"end":2800.39},{"text":"in","start":2800.39,"end":2800.47},{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":2800.47,"end":2801.27},{"text":"that","start":2801.59,"end":2801.87},{"text":"decision","start":2801.87,"end":2802.31},{"text":"said","start":2802.31,"end":2802.55},{"text":"something","start":2802.55,"end":2803.03},{"text":"vital:","start":2803.03,"end":2803.51},{"text":"that","start":2804.07,"end":2804.23},{"text":"the","start":2804.23,"end":2804.31},{"text":"crimes","start":2804.31,"end":2804.71},{"text":"committed","start":2804.71,"end":2805.11},{"text":"against","start":2805.11,"end":2805.51},{"text":"them","start":2805.51,"end":2805.83},{"text":"have","start":2806.23,"end":2806.47},{"text":"not","start":2806.47,"end":2806.71},{"text":"been","start":2806.71,"end":2806.87},{"text":"forgotten,","start":2806.87,"end":2807.43},{"text":"and","start":2807.91,"end":2808.11},{"text":"that","start":2808.11,"end":2808.27},{"text":"distance","start":2808.27,"end":2809.03},{"text":"need","start":2809.19,"end":2809.43},{"text":"not","start":2809.43,"end":2809.67},{"text":"be","start":2809.67,"end":2809.83},{"text":"a","start":2809.83,"end":2809.87},{"text":"barrier","start":2809.87,"end":2810.31},{"text":"to","start":2810.31,"end":2810.47},{"text":"justice","start":2810.47,"end":2811.11},{"text":"under","start":2811.11,"end":2811.39},{"text":"international","start":2811.39,"end":2812.27},{"text":"law.","start":2812.27,"end":2812.35}]},{"text":"We have also taken on new obligations ourselves.","start":2813.51,"end":2817.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2813.51,"end":2813.83},{"text":"have","start":2813.83,"end":2814.15},{"text":"also","start":2814.15,"end":2814.55},{"text":"taken","start":2814.55,"end":2815.11},{"text":"on","start":2815.19,"end":2815.55},{"text":"new","start":2815.55,"end":2815.83},{"text":"obligations","start":2815.83,"end":2816.59},{"text":"ourselves.","start":2816.59,"end":2817.27}]},{"text":"In 2024, Bangladesh acceded to the International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearances.","start":2817.83,"end":2824.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2817.83,"end":2817.95},{"text":"2024,","start":2817.95,"end":2818.79},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":2818.79,"end":2819.27},{"text":"acceded","start":2819.27,"end":2819.75},{"text":"to","start":2819.75,"end":2819.87},{"text":"the","start":2819.87,"end":2819.95},{"text":"International","start":2819.95,"end":2820.51},{"text":"Convention","start":2820.51,"end":2821.03},{"text":"for","start":2821.03,"end":2821.15},{"text":"the","start":2821.15,"end":2821.23},{"text":"Protection","start":2821.23,"end":2821.71},{"text":"of","start":2821.71,"end":2821.83},{"text":"all","start":2822.31,"end":2822.55},{"text":"Persons","start":2822.55,"end":2823.11},{"text":"from","start":2823.11,"end":2823.31},{"text":"Enforced","start":2823.31,"end":2823.71},{"text":"Disappearances.","start":2823.71,"end":2824.63}]},{"text":"That convention obliges each state to establish jurisdiction over an alleged offender present in its territory unless it extradites or surrenders him.","start":2825.19,"end":2836.07,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2825.19,"end":2825.43},{"text":"convention","start":2825.43,"end":2826.07},{"text":"obliges","start":2826.23,"end":2826.79},{"text":"each","start":2826.79,"end":2826.99},{"text":"state","start":2826.99,"end":2827.43},{"text":"to","start":2827.75,"end":2827.87},{"text":"establish","start":2827.87,"end":2828.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2828.35,"end":2829.11},{"text":"over","start":2829.67,"end":2830.15},{"text":"an","start":2830.15,"end":2830.31},{"text":"alleged","start":2830.71,"end":2831.19},{"text":"offender","start":2831.19,"end":2831.75},{"text":"present","start":2831.75,"end":2832.19},{"text":"in","start":2832.19,"end":2832.31},{"text":"its","start":2832.31,"end":2832.47},{"text":"territory","start":2832.47,"end":2833.03},{"text":"unless","start":2833.19,"end":2833.75},{"text":"it","start":2834.23,"end":2834.39},{"text":"extradites","start":2834.39,"end":2835.11},{"text":"or","start":2835.11,"end":2835.35},{"text":"surrenders","start":2835.35,"end":2835.83},{"text":"him.","start":2835.83,"end":2836.07}]},{"text":"As the ICJ held in Belgium v. Senegal, under such a treaty, Extradition is an option offered to the state by the convention, whereas prosecution is an international obligation under that convention.","start":2836.87,"end":2850.07,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2836.87,"end":2837.03},{"text":"the","start":2837.03,"end":2837.15},{"text":"ICJ","start":2837.15,"end":2837.67},{"text":"held","start":2837.67,"end":2837.99},{"text":"in","start":2837.99,"end":2838.15},{"text":"Belgium","start":2838.15,"end":2838.47},{"text":"v.","start":2838.47,"end":2838.63},{"text":"Senegal,","start":2838.63,"end":2839.43},{"text":"under","start":2839.83,"end":2840.07},{"text":"such","start":2840.07,"end":2840.27},{"text":"a","start":2840.27,"end":2840.31},{"text":"treaty,","start":2840.31,"end":2840.95},{"text":"Extradition","start":2841.35,"end":2842.07},{"text":"is","start":2842.39,"end":2842.59},{"text":"an","start":2842.59,"end":2842.71},{"text":"option","start":2842.71,"end":2843.19},{"text":"offered","start":2843.19,"end":2843.51},{"text":"to","start":2843.51,"end":2843.63},{"text":"the","start":2843.63,"end":2843.75},{"text":"state","start":2843.75,"end":2844.15},{"text":"by","start":2844.15,"end":2844.31},{"text":"the","start":2844.31,"end":2844.43},{"text":"convention,","start":2844.43,"end":2845.11},{"text":"whereas","start":2845.31,"end":2845.99},{"text":"prosecution","start":2846.31,"end":2847.19},{"text":"is","start":2847.19,"end":2847.43},{"text":"an","start":2847.43,"end":2847.59},{"text":"international","start":2847.59,"end":2848.31},{"text":"obligation","start":2848.31,"end":2849.03},{"text":"under","start":2849.03,"end":2849.31},{"text":"that","start":2849.31,"end":2849.47},{"text":"convention.","start":2849.47,"end":2850.07}]},{"text":"This is the model we find most persuasive, and it works.","start":2851.11,"end":2854.87,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2851.11,"end":2851.35},{"text":"is","start":2851.35,"end":2851.51},{"text":"the","start":2851.51,"end":2851.67},{"text":"model","start":2851.67,"end":2852.07},{"text":"we","start":2852.07,"end":2852.31},{"text":"find","start":2852.31,"end":2852.79},{"text":"most","start":2852.79,"end":2853.03},{"text":"persuasive,","start":2853.03,"end":2853.75},{"text":"and","start":2854.07,"end":2854.27},{"text":"it","start":2854.27,"end":2854.35},{"text":"works.","start":2854.35,"end":2854.87}]},{"text":"In 2016, the extraordinary African chambers sitting within Senegal's courts, with the support of the African Union, convicted Hissene Habre, the former president of Chad, the first time the courts of one country convicted another country's former leader under universal jurisdiction.","start":2855.51,"end":2875.91,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2855.51,"end":2855.67},{"text":"2016,","start":2855.67,"end":2856.87},{"text":"the","start":2857.19,"end":2857.39},{"text":"extraordinary","start":2857.39,"end":2858.71},{"text":"African","start":2858.71,"end":2859.27},{"text":"chambers","start":2859.27,"end":2859.83},{"text":"sitting","start":2860.07,"end":2860.55},{"text":"within","start":2860.55,"end":2860.87},{"text":"Senegal's","start":2860.87,"end":2861.35},{"text":"courts,","start":2861.35,"end":2861.83},{"text":"with","start":2862.39,"end":2862.59},{"text":"the","start":2862.59,"end":2862.71},{"text":"support","start":2862.71,"end":2863.11},{"text":"of","start":2863.11,"end":2863.19},{"text":"the","start":2863.19,"end":2863.35},{"text":"African","start":2863.35,"end":2863.75},{"text":"Union,","start":2863.75,"end":2864.31},{"text":"convicted","start":2864.47,"end":2865.19},{"text":"Hissene","start":2865.83,"end":2866.39},{"text":"Habre,","start":2866.39,"end":2866.87},{"text":"the","start":2867.43,"end":2867.63},{"text":"former","start":2867.67,"end":2868.31},{"text":"president","start":2868.39,"end":2868.95},{"text":"of","start":2868.95,"end":2869.11},{"text":"Chad,","start":2869.11,"end":2869.51},{"text":"the","start":2869.99,"end":2870.15},{"text":"first","start":2870.15,"end":2870.55},{"text":"time","start":2870.55,"end":2870.87},{"text":"the","start":2870.87,"end":2871.03},{"text":"courts","start":2871.03,"end":2871.43},{"text":"of","start":2871.43,"end":2871.59},{"text":"one","start":2871.59,"end":2871.83},{"text":"country","start":2871.83,"end":2872.11},{"text":"convicted","start":2872.11,"end":2872.63},{"text":"another","start":2872.63,"end":2872.95},{"text":"country's","start":2872.95,"end":2873.35},{"text":"former","start":2873.35,"end":2873.59},{"text":"leader","start":2873.59,"end":2874.07},{"text":"under","start":2874.47,"end":2874.71},{"text":"universal","start":2874.71,"end":2875.19},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2875.19,"end":2875.91}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Bangladesh believes the following principles should or can guide the working group.","start":2876.39,"end":2882.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2876.39,"end":2876.71},{"text":"Chair,","start":2876.71,"end":2877.03},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":2877.91,"end":2878.39},{"text":"believes","start":2878.39,"end":2878.79},{"text":"the","start":2878.79,"end":2878.91},{"text":"following","start":2878.91,"end":2879.27},{"text":"principles","start":2879.27,"end":2879.91},{"text":"should","start":2879.91,"end":2880.31},{"text":"or","start":2880.55,"end":2880.79},{"text":"can","start":2880.79,"end":2880.95},{"text":"guide","start":2880.95,"end":2881.35},{"text":"the","start":2881.35,"end":2881.47},{"text":"working","start":2881.47,"end":2881.83},{"text":"group.","start":2881.83,"end":2882.07}]},{"text":"Complementarity comes before all else.","start":2884.71,"end":2888.19,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Complementarity","start":2884.71,"end":2886.15},{"text":"comes","start":2886.23,"end":2886.59},{"text":"before","start":2886.59,"end":2887.03},{"text":"all","start":2887.27,"end":2887.51},{"text":"else.","start":2887.59,"end":2888.19}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction is a last resort.","start":2888.63,"end":2890.87,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":2888.63,"end":2889.19},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2889.19,"end":2889.91},{"text":"is","start":2889.91,"end":2890.15},{"text":"a","start":2890.15,"end":2890.19},{"text":"last","start":2890.19,"end":2890.47},{"text":"resort.","start":2890.47,"end":2890.87}]},{"text":"It should be exercised only when the state with the closest connection is unable or unwilling genuinely to act.","start":2891.43,"end":2897.83,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2891.43,"end":2891.67},{"text":"should","start":2891.67,"end":2891.83},{"text":"be","start":2891.83,"end":2891.95},{"text":"exercised","start":2891.95,"end":2892.55},{"text":"only","start":2892.55,"end":2892.75},{"text":"when","start":2892.75,"end":2892.95},{"text":"the","start":2892.95,"end":2893.07},{"text":"state","start":2893.07,"end":2893.47},{"text":"with","start":2893.83,"end":2894.03},{"text":"the","start":2894.03,"end":2894.11},{"text":"closest","start":2894.11,"end":2894.59},{"text":"connection","start":2894.59,"end":2895.19},{"text":"is","start":2895.19,"end":2895.43},{"text":"unable","start":2895.43,"end":2895.91},{"text":"or","start":2895.91,"end":2896.15},{"text":"unwilling","start":2896.15,"end":2896.63},{"text":"genuinely","start":2896.63,"end":2897.19},{"text":"to","start":2897.19,"end":2897.35},{"text":"act.","start":2897.35,"end":2897.83}]},{"text":"In the words of Judge Rosalyn Higgins and others in their joint opinion in the Arrest Warrant case, a state contemplating such charges must first offer to the national state of the prospective accused the opportunity itself to act upon the charges concerned.","start":2898.43,"end":2914.67,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2898.43,"end":2898.55},{"text":"the","start":2898.55,"end":2898.67},{"text":"words","start":2898.67,"end":2898.99},{"text":"of","start":2898.99,"end":2899.15},{"text":"Judge","start":2899.15,"end":2899.39},{"text":"Rosalyn","start":2899.39,"end":2899.87},{"text":"Higgins","start":2899.87,"end":2900.31},{"text":"and","start":2900.31,"end":2900.43},{"text":"others","start":2900.43,"end":2900.91},{"text":"in","start":2901.39,"end":2901.55},{"text":"their","start":2901.55,"end":2901.75},{"text":"joint","start":2901.75,"end":2902.11},{"text":"opinion","start":2902.11,"end":2902.59},{"text":"in","start":2902.59,"end":2902.75},{"text":"the","start":2902.75,"end":2902.87},{"text":"Arrest","start":2902.87,"end":2903.15},{"text":"Warrant","start":2903.15,"end":2903.43},{"text":"case,","start":2903.43,"end":2903.87},{"text":"a","start":2904.35,"end":2904.39},{"text":"state","start":2904.39,"end":2904.83},{"text":"contemplating","start":2905.39,"end":2906.19},{"text":"such","start":2906.19,"end":2906.47},{"text":"charges","start":2906.47,"end":2907.15},{"text":"must","start":2907.39,"end":2907.79},{"text":"first","start":2907.79,"end":2908.11},{"text":"offer","start":2908.11,"end":2908.43},{"text":"to","start":2908.43,"end":2908.55},{"text":"the","start":2908.55,"end":2908.63},{"text":"national","start":2908.63,"end":2909.15},{"text":"state","start":2909.15,"end":2909.43},{"text":"of","start":2909.43,"end":2909.55},{"text":"the","start":2909.55,"end":2909.63},{"text":"prospective","start":2909.63,"end":2910.23},{"text":"accused","start":2910.23,"end":2910.75},{"text":"the","start":2911.39,"end":2911.59},{"text":"opportunity","start":2911.59,"end":2912.27},{"text":"itself","start":2912.27,"end":2912.63},{"text":"to","start":2912.63,"end":2912.83},{"text":"act","start":2912.83,"end":2913.23},{"text":"upon","start":2913.31,"end":2913.55},{"text":"the","start":2913.55,"end":2913.63},{"text":"charges","start":2913.63,"end":2914.11},{"text":"concerned.","start":2914.11,"end":2914.67}]},{"text":"We also need a narrow list of crimes.","start":2915.71,"end":2918.67,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2915.71,"end":2915.87},{"text":"also","start":2915.87,"end":2916.19},{"text":"need","start":2916.19,"end":2916.43},{"text":"a","start":2916.59,"end":2916.63},{"text":"narrow","start":2916.63,"end":2917.23},{"text":"list","start":2917.63,"end":2917.99},{"text":"of","start":2917.99,"end":2918.11},{"text":"crimes.","start":2918.11,"end":2918.67}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction should be confined to the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole.","start":2918.99,"end":2925.55,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":2918.99,"end":2919.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2919.55,"end":2920.19},{"text":"should","start":2920.19,"end":2920.39},{"text":"be","start":2920.39,"end":2920.51},{"text":"confined","start":2920.51,"end":2920.99},{"text":"to","start":2920.99,"end":2921.31},{"text":"the","start":2921.55,"end":2921.71},{"text":"most","start":2921.71,"end":2921.99},{"text":"serious","start":2921.99,"end":2922.35},{"text":"crimes","start":2922.35,"end":2922.71},{"text":"of","start":2922.71,"end":2922.83},{"text":"concern","start":2922.83,"end":2923.31},{"text":"to","start":2923.71,"end":2923.83},{"text":"the","start":2923.83,"end":2923.91},{"text":"international","start":2923.91,"end":2924.51},{"text":"community","start":2924.51,"end":2925.03},{"text":"as","start":2925.03,"end":2925.15},{"text":"a","start":2925.15,"end":2925.19},{"text":"whole.","start":2925.19,"end":2925.55}]},{"text":"for piracy, for genocide, for crimes against humanity, and war crimes, it rests on customary international law as well as on treaty.","start":2926.03,"end":2935.15,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"for","start":2926.03,"end":2926.27},{"text":"piracy,","start":2926.27,"end":2926.99},{"text":"for","start":2927.23,"end":2927.47},{"text":"genocide,","start":2927.47,"end":2928.11},{"text":"for","start":2928.43,"end":2928.59},{"text":"crimes","start":2928.59,"end":2928.91},{"text":"against","start":2928.91,"end":2929.19},{"text":"humanity,","start":2929.19,"end":2929.87},{"text":"and","start":2930.11,"end":2930.35},{"text":"war","start":2930.35,"end":2930.59},{"text":"crimes,","start":2930.59,"end":2931.07},{"text":"it","start":2931.47,"end":2931.63},{"text":"rests","start":2931.63,"end":2932.15},{"text":"on","start":2932.15,"end":2932.27},{"text":"customary","start":2932.27,"end":2932.79},{"text":"international","start":2932.79,"end":2933.63},{"text":"law","start":2933.63,"end":2933.71},{"text":"as","start":2934.03,"end":2934.27},{"text":"well","start":2934.27,"end":2934.39},{"text":"as","start":2934.39,"end":2934.55},{"text":"on","start":2934.55,"end":2934.67},{"text":"treaty.","start":2934.67,"end":2935.15}]},{"text":"Beyond those crimes, it should rest only on the consent of states expressed in treaties they have freely accepted.","start":2935.55,"end":2942.75,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Beyond","start":2935.55,"end":2935.99},{"text":"those","start":2935.99,"end":2936.27},{"text":"crimes,","start":2936.27,"end":2936.75},{"text":"it","start":2937.15,"end":2937.31},{"text":"should","start":2937.31,"end":2937.55},{"text":"rest","start":2937.55,"end":2937.87},{"text":"only","start":2937.87,"end":2938.27},{"text":"on","start":2938.27,"end":2938.35},{"text":"the","start":2938.35,"end":2938.47},{"text":"consent","start":2938.47,"end":2938.87},{"text":"of","start":2938.87,"end":2938.95},{"text":"states","start":2938.95,"end":2939.47},{"text":"expressed","start":2939.79,"end":2940.39},{"text":"in","start":2940.39,"end":2940.51},{"text":"treaties","start":2940.51,"end":2941.07},{"text":"they","start":2941.47,"end":2941.59},{"text":"have","start":2941.59,"end":2941.79},{"text":"freely","start":2941.79,"end":2942.11},{"text":"accepted.","start":2942.11,"end":2942.75}]},{"text":"There must be safeguards against abuse.","start":2944.11,"end":2946.27,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2944.11,"end":2944.35},{"text":"must","start":2944.35,"end":2944.63},{"text":"be","start":2944.63,"end":2944.83},{"text":"safeguards","start":2944.83,"end":2945.39},{"text":"against","start":2945.39,"end":2945.79},{"text":"abuse.","start":2945.79,"end":2946.27}]},{"text":"Charges should be brought only by a prosecutor or investigating judge who acts in full independence.","start":2946.59,"end":2952.83,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Charges","start":2946.59,"end":2947.07},{"text":"should","start":2947.07,"end":2947.31},{"text":"be","start":2947.31,"end":2947.39},{"text":"brought","start":2947.39,"end":2947.79},{"text":"only","start":2947.79,"end":2948.11},{"text":"by","start":2948.11,"end":2948.31},{"text":"a","start":2948.31,"end":2948.35},{"text":"prosecutor","start":2948.35,"end":2949.07},{"text":"or","start":2949.07,"end":2949.27},{"text":"investigating","start":2949.27,"end":2949.95},{"text":"judge","start":2949.95,"end":2950.43},{"text":"who","start":2950.99,"end":2951.15},{"text":"acts","start":2951.15,"end":2951.55},{"text":"in","start":2951.55,"end":2951.71},{"text":"full","start":2951.71,"end":2951.95},{"text":"independence.","start":2951.95,"end":2952.83}]},{"text":"and prosecutorial decisions should be open to review.","start":2953.39,"end":2957.23,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2953.39,"end":2953.79},{"text":"prosecutorial","start":2954.27,"end":2955.19},{"text":"decisions","start":2955.19,"end":2955.87},{"text":"should","start":2956.03,"end":2956.27},{"text":"be","start":2956.27,"end":2956.39},{"text":"open","start":2956.39,"end":2956.67},{"text":"to","start":2956.67,"end":2956.75},{"text":"review.","start":2956.75,"end":2957.23}]},{"text":"Every trial must meet the highest standards of fairness, an independent tribunal, a public hearing, the right of counsel to one's own choosing, and the right to challenge an arrest warrant.","start":2958.43,"end":2969.23,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"an","start":3007.87,"end":3007.99},{"text":"agreed","start":3007.99,"end":3008.31},{"text":"understanding","start":3008.31,"end":3009.11},{"text":"on","start":3009.31,"end":3009.43},{"text":"the","start":3009.43,"end":3009.55},{"text":"conditions","start":3009.55,"end":3010.23},{"text":"for","start":3010.23,"end":3010.79},{"text":"and","start":3010.95,"end":3011.19},{"text":"limits","start":3011.19,"end":3011.59},{"text":"of","start":3011.59,"end":3011.67},{"text":"universal","start":3011.67,"end":3012.15},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3012.15,"end":3012.87}]},{"text":"With clear and shared rules, universal jurisdiction can serve both justice and sovereignty, rather than setting them against each other.","start":3013.43,"end":3022.71,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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you, Madam Chair.","start":3022.87,"end":3023.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3022.87,"end":3023.03},{"text":"thank","start":3023.03,"end":3023.23},{"text":"you,","start":3023.23,"end":3023.31},{"text":"Madam","start":3023.31,"end":3023.51},{"text":"Chair.","start":3023.51,"end":3023.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"BGD","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Bangladesh"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":3024.55,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=50:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Bangladesh for the statement, and I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":3034.31,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=50:35","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":3034.31,"end":3035.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3034.31,"end":3034.55},{"text":"you,","start":3034.55,"end":3034.67},{"text":"Chair.","start":3034.67,"end":3035.03}]},{"text":"Good morning, colleagues.","start":3035.75,"end":3036.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":3035.75,"end":3035.91},{"text":"morning,","start":3035.91,"end":3036.15},{"text":"colleagues.","start":3036.15,"end":3036.55}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, as my delegation takes the floor for the first time, we wish to congratulate you, Madam Chair, and the members of the Bureau on your 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be assured of Botswana's full support and cooperation.","start":3046.03,"end":3049.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":3046.03,"end":3046.35},{"text":"be","start":3046.35,"end":3046.47},{"text":"assured","start":3046.47,"end":3046.87},{"text":"of","start":3046.87,"end":3046.99},{"text":"Botswana's","start":3046.99,"end":3047.51},{"text":"full","start":3047.51,"end":3047.79},{"text":"support","start":3047.79,"end":3048.27},{"text":"and","start":3048.27,"end":3048.39},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3048.39,"end":3049.31}]},{"text":"My delegation aligns itself with the statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, and we have the honour to deliver this statement in our national capacity.","start":3049.87,"end":3062.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3049.87,"end":3050.03},{"text":"delegation","start":3050.03,"end":3050.63},{"text":"aligns","start":3050.63,"end":3050.99},{"text":"itself","start":3050.99,"end":3051.43},{"text":"with","start":3051.43,"end":3051.55},{"text":"the","start":3051.55,"end":3051.63},{"text":"statement","start":3051.63,"end":3052.43},{"text":"delivered","start":3052.43,"end":3052.91},{"text":"by","start":3052.91,"end":3053.07},{"text":"Cameroon","start":3053.07,"end":3053.63},{"text":"on","start":3053.63,"end":3053.79},{"text":"behalf","start":3053.79,"end":3054.11},{"text":"of","start":3054.11,"end":3054.19},{"text":"the","start":3054.19,"end":3054.31},{"text":"African","start":3054.31,"end":3054.67},{"text":"Group","start":3054.67,"end":3055.07},{"text":"and","start":3055.39,"end":3055.75},{"text":"Iran","start":3055.75,"end":3056.11},{"text":"on","start":3056.11,"end":3056.27},{"text":"behalf","start":3056.27,"end":3056.59},{"text":"of","start":3056.59,"end":3056.67},{"text":"the","start":3056.67,"end":3056.83},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":3056.83,"end":3057.47},{"text":"Movement,","start":3057.47,"end":3058.03},{"text":"and","start":3058.35,"end":3058.59},{"text":"we","start":3058.59,"end":3058.67},{"text":"have","start":3058.67,"end":3058.83},{"text":"the","start":3058.83,"end":3058.99},{"text":"honour","start":3058.99,"end":3059.47},{"text":"to","start":3059.95,"end":3060.15},{"text":"deliver","start":3060.15,"end":3060.55},{"text":"this","start":3060.55,"end":3060.71},{"text":"statement","start":3060.71,"end":3061.23},{"text":"in","start":3061.23,"end":3061.47},{"text":"our","start":3061.47,"end":3061.55},{"text":"national","start":3061.55,"end":3061.95},{"text":"capacity.","start":3061.95,"end":3062.75}]},{"text":"Botswana welcomes the opportunity to contribute to the consideration of this important agenda at this 81st session of the United Nations General 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has followed the consideration of the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction with keen interest, including since the item was placed on the agenda of the General Assembly and the initiative of the African group.","start":3074.51,"end":3090.03,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Botswana","start":3074.51,"end":3075.15},{"text":"has","start":3075.31,"end":3075.71},{"text":"followed","start":3075.71,"end":3076.11},{"text":"the","start":3076.19,"end":3076.31},{"text":"consideration","start":3076.31,"end":3077.19},{"text":"of","start":3077.19,"end":3077.31},{"text":"the","start":3077.31,"end":3077.47},{"text":"scope","start":3077.47,"end":3077.95},{"text":"and","start":3077.95,"end":3078.15},{"text":"application","start":3078.15,"end":3078.79},{"text":"of","start":3078.79,"end":3078.91},{"text":"the","start":3078.91,"end":3078.99},{"text":"principle","start":3078.99,"end":3079.55},{"text":"of","start":3079.55,"end":3079.71},{"text":"universal","start":3079.71,"end":3080.99},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3080.99,"end":3081.87},{"text":"with","start":3082.11,"end":3082.35},{"text":"keen","start":3082.35,"end":3082.67},{"text":"interest,","start":3082.67,"end":3083.23},{"text":"including","start":3083.55,"end":3084.07},{"text":"since","start":3084.11,"end":3084.39},{"text":"the","start":3084.39,"end":3084.55},{"text":"item","start":3084.55,"end":3084.87},{"text":"was","start":3084.87,"end":3085.07},{"text":"placed","start":3085.07,"end":3085.47},{"text":"on","start":3085.47,"end":3085.63},{"text":"the","start":3085.63,"end":3085.71},{"text":"agenda","start":3085.71,"end":3086.15},{"text":"of","start":3086.15,"end":3086.35},{"text":"the","start":3086.35,"end":3086.47},{"text":"General","start":3086.47,"end":3086.83},{"text":"Assembly","start":3086.83,"end":3087.39},{"text":"and","start":3087.79,"end":3087.95},{"text":"the","start":3087.95,"end":3088.07},{"text":"initiative","start":3088.07,"end":3088.91},{"text":"of","start":3088.91,"end":3089.07},{"text":"the","start":3089.07,"end":3089.19},{"text":"African","start":3089.19,"end":3089.63},{"text":"group.","start":3089.63,"end":3090.03}]},{"text":"My delegation takes note of the report of the Secretary General contained in document A/81/205, which provides a useful overview of national legal frameworks, relevant international treaties and judicial practice, as well as the different views of member states on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction.","start":3091.35,"end":3115.03,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3091.35,"end":3091.51},{"text":"delegation","start":3091.51,"end":3092.31},{"text":"takes","start":3092.31,"end":3092.79},{"text":"note","start":3092.79,"end":3093.19},{"text":"of","start":3093.19,"end":3093.35},{"text":"the","start":3093.35,"end":3093.43},{"text":"report","start":3093.43,"end":3093.91},{"text":"of","start":3093.91,"end":3093.99},{"text":"the","start":3093.99,"end":3094.23},{"text":"Secretary","start":3095.35,"end":3095.99},{"text":"General","start":3095.99,"end":3096.47},{"text":"contained","start":3096.47,"end":3097.03},{"text":"in","start":3097.03,"end":3097.11},{"text":"document","start":3097.11,"end":3097.67},{"text":"A/81/205,","start":3097.67,"end":3100.15},{"text":"which","start":3100.51,"end":3100.87},{"text":"provides","start":3100.87,"end":3101.55},{"text":"a","start":3101.55,"end":3101.59},{"text":"useful","start":3101.59,"end":3102.15},{"text":"overview","start":3102.15,"end":3102.79},{"text":"of","start":3102.79,"end":3103.03},{"text":"national","start":3103.03,"end":3103.55},{"text":"legal","start":3103.55,"end":3103.99},{"text":"frameworks,","start":3103.99,"end":3104.63},{"text":"relevant","start":3104.95,"end":3105.51},{"text":"international","start":3105.51,"end":3106.15},{"text":"treaties","start":3106.15,"end":3106.71},{"text":"and","start":3106.95,"end":3107.27},{"text":"judicial","start":3107.27,"end":3107.91},{"text":"practice,","start":3107.91,"end":3108.55},{"text":"as","start":3108.55,"end":3108.79},{"text":"well","start":3108.79,"end":3109.03},{"text":"as","start":3109.03,"end":3109.19},{"text":"the","start":3109.19,"end":3109.31},{"text":"different","start":3109.35,"end":3109.91},{"text":"views","start":3109.91,"end":3110.35},{"text":"of","start":3110.35,"end":3110.47},{"text":"member","start":3110.47,"end":3110.83},{"text":"states","start":3110.83,"end":3111.27},{"text":"on","start":3111.51,"end":3111.71},{"text":"the","start":3111.71,"end":3111.83},{"text":"scope","start":3111.83,"end":3112.31},{"text":"and","start":3112.39,"end":3112.67},{"text":"application","start":3112.67,"end":3113.35},{"text":"of","start":3113.35,"end":3113.67},{"text":"universal","start":3113.67,"end":3114.23},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3114.23,"end":3115.03}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Botswana recognizes universal jurisdiction as an important principle of international law and an important tool in combating impunity and promoting accountability for the most serious international crimes.","start":3115.83,"end":3129.35,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3115.83,"end":3116.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":3116.23,"end":3116.55},{"text":"Botswana","start":3116.79,"end":3117.31},{"text":"recognizes","start":3117.31,"end":3118.23},{"text":"universal","start":3118.23,"end":3118.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3118.87,"end":3119.67},{"text":"as","start":3119.67,"end":3119.87},{"text":"an","start":3119.87,"end":3119.99},{"text":"important","start":3119.99,"end":3120.51},{"text":"principle","start":3120.51,"end":3121.11},{"text":"of","start":3121.11,"end":3121.27},{"text":"international","start":3121.27,"end":3122.19},{"text":"law","start":3122.19,"end":3122.27},{"text":"and","start":3122.47,"end":3122.79},{"text":"an","start":3122.79,"end":3122.95},{"text":"important","start":3122.95,"end":3123.63},{"text":"tool","start":3123.63,"end":3123.83},{"text":"in","start":3123.83,"end":3123.99},{"text":"combating","start":3123.99,"end":3124.63},{"text":"impunity","start":3124.63,"end":3125.43},{"text":"and","start":3125.59,"end":3125.83},{"text":"promoting","start":3125.83,"end":3126.35},{"text":"accountability","start":3126.35,"end":3127.19},{"text":"for","start":3127.19,"end":3127.39},{"text":"the","start":3127.39,"end":3127.51},{"text":"most","start":3127.51,"end":3127.87},{"text":"serious","start":3127.87,"end":3128.15},{"text":"international","start":3128.15,"end":3128.79},{"text":"crimes.","start":3128.79,"end":3129.35}]},{"text":"We recognize that the principle that provides a basis for investigating and prosecuting crimes of exceptional gravity and international concern, including genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and torture.","start":3129.87,"end":3144.51,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3129.87,"end":3130.03},{"text":"recognize","start":3130.03,"end":3130.71},{"text":"that","start":3130.71,"end":3131.07},{"text":"the","start":3131.07,"end":3131.19},{"text":"principle","start":3131.19,"end":3131.95},{"text":"that","start":3132.27,"end":3132.59},{"text":"provides","start":3132.59,"end":3133.31},{"text":"a","start":3133.39,"end":3133.43},{"text":"basis","start":3133.43,"end":3134.03},{"text":"for","start":3134.19,"end":3134.35},{"text":"investigating","start":3134.35,"end":3135.31},{"text":"and","start":3135.31,"end":3135.51},{"text":"prosecuting","start":3135.51,"end":3136.27},{"text":"crimes","start":3136.27,"end":3136.75},{"text":"of","start":3136.75,"end":3136.91},{"text":"exceptional","start":3136.91,"end":3137.55},{"text":"gravity","start":3137.55,"end":3138.27},{"text":"and","start":3138.43,"end":3138.67},{"text":"international","start":3138.67,"end":3139.23},{"text":"concern,","start":3139.23,"end":3139.87},{"text":"including","start":3140.11,"end":3140.59},{"text":"genocide,","start":3140.59,"end":3141.31},{"text":"crimes","start":3141.31,"end":3141.79},{"text":"against","start":3141.79,"end":3142.15},{"text":"humanity,","start":3142.15,"end":3142.91},{"text":"war","start":3142.99,"end":3143.31},{"text":"crimes,","start":3143.31,"end":3143.79},{"text":"and","start":3143.79,"end":3144.03},{"text":"torture.","start":3144.03,"end":3144.51}]},{"text":"Botswana firmly believes that such crimes must not be allowed to go unpunished and that the investigation and prosecution require the collective commitment of international community.","start":3145.07,"end":3157.39,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Botswana","start":3145.07,"end":3145.63},{"text":"firmly","start":3145.63,"end":3146.27},{"text":"believes","start":3146.27,"end":3146.71},{"text":"that","start":3146.71,"end":3146.91},{"text":"such","start":3146.91,"end":3147.23},{"text":"crimes","start":3147.23,"end":3147.63},{"text":"must","start":3147.63,"end":3147.95},{"text":"not","start":3147.95,"end":3148.43},{"text":"be","start":3148.99,"end":3149.23},{"text":"allowed","start":3149.23,"end":3149.71},{"text":"to","start":3149.79,"end":3150.03},{"text":"go","start":3150.03,"end":3150.19},{"text":"unpunished","start":3150.19,"end":3150.83},{"text":"and","start":3150.83,"end":3151.11},{"text":"that","start":3151.11,"end":3151.39},{"text":"the","start":3151.39,"end":3151.59},{"text":"investigation","start":3151.59,"end":3152.31},{"text":"and","start":3152.31,"end":3152.43},{"text":"prosecution","start":3152.43,"end":3153.23},{"text":"require","start":3153.47,"end":3154.03},{"text":"the","start":3154.03,"end":3154.19},{"text":"collective","start":3154.19,"end":3154.91},{"text":"commitment","start":3155.15,"end":3155.79},{"text":"of","start":3155.79,"end":3155.95},{"text":"international","start":3155.95,"end":3156.59},{"text":"community.","start":3156.59,"end":3157.39}]},{"text":"At the same time, my delegation recognizes that important questions remain regarding the precise scope and application of universal jurisdiction.","start":3159.55,"end":3168.91,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3159.55,"end":3159.71},{"text":"the","start":3159.71,"end":3159.87},{"text":"same","start":3159.87,"end":3160.19},{"text":"time,","start":3160.19,"end":3160.63},{"text":"my","start":3160.63,"end":3160.75},{"text":"delegation","start":3160.75,"end":3161.47},{"text":"recognizes","start":3161.47,"end":3162.19},{"text":"that","start":3162.19,"end":3162.43},{"text":"important","start":3162.43,"end":3162.99},{"text":"questions","start":3162.99,"end":3163.63},{"text":"remain","start":3163.63,"end":3164.27},{"text":"regarding","start":3164.27,"end":3164.99},{"text":"the","start":3164.99,"end":3165.15},{"text":"precise","start":3165.15,"end":3165.83},{"text":"scope","start":3165.83,"end":3166.27},{"text":"and","start":3166.51,"end":3166.67},{"text":"application","start":3166.67,"end":3167.31},{"text":"of","start":3167.31,"end":3167.47},{"text":"universal","start":3167.47,"end":3168.03},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3168.03,"end":3168.91}]},{"text":"We therefore consider the ongoing consideration of this agenda item an important opportunity to develop greater common understanding of its legal basis, scope, limits, and relationship with other bases of jurisdiction.","start":3169.07,"end":3184.03,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3169.07,"end":3169.31},{"text":"therefore","start":3169.31,"end":3169.75},{"text":"consider","start":3169.75,"end":3170.55},{"text":"the","start":3170.55,"end":3170.71},{"text":"ongoing","start":3170.71,"end":3171.23},{"text":"consideration","start":3171.23,"end":3171.99},{"text":"of","start":3171.99,"end":3172.11},{"text":"this","start":3172.11,"end":3172.35},{"text":"agenda","start":3172.51,"end":3172.99},{"text":"item","start":3172.99,"end":3173.63},{"text":"an","start":3173.83,"end":3173.99},{"text":"important","start":3173.99,"end":3174.67},{"text":"opportunity","start":3174.83,"end":3175.55},{"text":"to","start":3175.59,"end":3175.71},{"text":"develop","start":3175.71,"end":3176.19},{"text":"greater","start":3176.19,"end":3176.67},{"text":"common","start":3176.67,"end":3177.07},{"text":"understanding","start":3177.07,"end":3177.79},{"text":"of","start":3177.79,"end":3177.95},{"text":"its","start":3177.95,"end":3178.11},{"text":"legal","start":3178.23,"end":3178.59},{"text":"basis,","start":3178.63,"end":3179.23},{"text":"scope,","start":3179.39,"end":3180.03},{"text":"limits,","start":3180.19,"end":3180.75},{"text":"and","start":3180.91,"end":3181.27},{"text":"relationship","start":3181.27,"end":3182.11},{"text":"with","start":3182.11,"end":3182.35},{"text":"other","start":3182.35,"end":3182.63},{"text":"bases","start":3182.63,"end":3183.07},{"text":"of","start":3183.07,"end":3183.15},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3183.15,"end":3184.03}]},{"text":"In this regard, Botswana considers that the exercise of universal jurisdiction should be consistent with the charter of the United Nations and international law, including respect for state sovereignty, due process, applicable rules of jurisdiction, immunities, and the fundamental principles of fairness and non-discrimination.","start":3184.51,"end":3206.03,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3184.51,"end":3184.67},{"text":"this","start":3184.67,"end":3184.83},{"text":"regard,","start":3184.83,"end":3185.39},{"text":"Botswana","start":3185.63,"end":3186.11},{"text":"considers","start":3186.11,"end":3186.71},{"text":"that","start":3186.71,"end":3186.99},{"text":"the","start":3186.99,"end":3187.19},{"text":"exercise","start":3187.19,"end":3187.83},{"text":"of","start":3187.83,"end":3187.95},{"text":"universal","start":3187.95,"end":3188.43},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3188.43,"end":3189.23},{"text":"should","start":3189.55,"end":3189.71},{"text":"be","start":3189.71,"end":3189.87},{"text":"consistent","start":3189.87,"end":3190.83},{"text":"with","start":3190.99,"end":3191.39},{"text":"the","start":3191.39,"end":3191.47},{"text":"charter","start":3191.47,"end":3192.03},{"text":"of","start":3192.27,"end":3192.51},{"text":"the","start":3192.51,"end":3192.63},{"text":"United","start":3192.63,"end":3193.15},{"text":"Nations","start":3193.15,"end":3193.87},{"text":"and","start":3194.19,"end":3194.51},{"text":"international","start":3194.51,"end":3195.27},{"text":"law,","start":3195.27,"end":3195.39},{"text":"including","start":3195.39,"end":3195.95},{"text":"respect","start":3195.95,"end":3196.51},{"text":"for","start":3196.51,"end":3196.67},{"text":"state","start":3196.67,"end":3197.03},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":3197.03,"end":3197.79},{"text":"due","start":3198.23,"end":3198.43},{"text":"process,","start":3198.43,"end":3199.07},{"text":"applicable","start":3199.07,"end":3199.87},{"text":"rules","start":3199.87,"end":3200.35},{"text":"of","start":3200.35,"end":3200.51},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":3200.51,"end":3201.23},{"text":"immunities,","start":3201.23,"end":3202.03},{"text":"and","start":3202.35,"end":3202.59},{"text":"the","start":3202.59,"end":3202.71},{"text":"fundamental","start":3202.71,"end":3203.47},{"text":"principles","start":3203.47,"end":3204.11},{"text":"of","start":3204.11,"end":3204.23},{"text":"fairness","start":3204.23,"end":3204.75},{"text":"and","start":3204.75,"end":3204.91},{"text":"non-discrimination.","start":3204.91,"end":3206.03}]},{"text":"Botswana further considers that universal jurisdiction should operate as a subsidiary and carefully circumscribed circumscribed basis of jurisdiction, particularly in circumstances where state possessing the primary jurisdiction is unable or unwilling genuinely to investigate and prosecute the alleged crimes.","start":3206.51,"end":3230.67,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Botswana","start":3206.51,"end":3206.99},{"text":"further","start":3206.99,"end":3207.31},{"text":"considers","start":3207.31,"end":3207.87},{"text":"that","start":3207.87,"end":3208.11},{"text":"universal","start":3208.27,"end":3208.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3208.91,"end":3209.55},{"text":"should","start":3209.55,"end":3209.95},{"text":"operate","start":3209.95,"end":3210.67},{"text":"as","start":3210.91,"end":3211.39},{"text":"a","start":3211.39,"end":3211.47},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3211.95,"end":3212.99},{"text":"and","start":3212.99,"end":3213.31},{"text":"carefully","start":3213.31,"end":3213.87},{"text":"circumscribed","start":3213.87,"end":3214.99},{"text":"circumscribed","start":3217.15,"end":3218.43},{"text":"basis","start":3218.43,"end":3218.87},{"text":"of","start":3218.87,"end":3218.99},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":3218.99,"end":3219.95},{"text":"particularly","start":3220.11,"end":3220.91},{"text":"in","start":3220.91,"end":3221.15},{"text":"circumstances","start":3221.15,"end":3221.91},{"text":"where","start":3221.91,"end":3222.19},{"text":"state","start":3222.19,"end":3222.75},{"text":"possessing","start":3223.15,"end":3223.75},{"text":"the","start":3223.75,"end":3223.87},{"text":"primary","start":3223.87,"end":3224.43},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3224.43,"end":3225.15},{"text":"is","start":3225.31,"end":3225.51},{"text":"unable","start":3225.51,"end":3226.11},{"text":"or","start":3226.11,"end":3226.39},{"text":"unwilling","start":3226.39,"end":3227.07},{"text":"genuinely","start":3227.07,"end":3227.55},{"text":"to","start":3227.55,"end":3227.67},{"text":"investigate","start":3227.67,"end":3228.51},{"text":"and","start":3228.67,"end":3228.91},{"text":"prosecute","start":3228.91,"end":3229.51},{"text":"the","start":3229.51,"end":3229.67},{"text":"alleged","start":3229.67,"end":3230.11},{"text":"crimes.","start":3230.11,"end":3230.67}]},{"text":"Its application should in all circumstances be undertaken in good faith and in accordance with international law.","start":3231.71,"end":3239.35,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3371.47,"end":3371.59},{"text":"this","start":3371.59,"end":3371.79},{"text":"context,","start":3371.79,"end":3372.43},{"text":"we","start":3372.43,"end":3372.91},{"text":"have","start":3373.23,"end":3373.39},{"text":"taken","start":3373.39,"end":3373.63},{"text":"note","start":3373.63,"end":3373.75},{"text":"of","start":3373.75,"end":3373.83},{"text":"the","start":3373.83,"end":3373.91},{"text":"Secretary","start":3373.91,"end":3374.27},{"text":"General's","start":3374.27,"end":3374.71},{"text":"report","start":3374.71,"end":3374.99},{"text":"on","start":3374.99,"end":3375.07},{"text":"the","start":3375.07,"end":3375.15},{"text":"scope","start":3375.15,"end":3375.47},{"text":"and","start":3375.47,"end":3375.59},{"text":"application","start":3375.59,"end":3376.27},{"text":"of","start":3376.27,"end":3376.43},{"text":"the","start":3376.43,"end":3376.51},{"text":"principle","start":3376.51,"end":3376.87},{"text":"of","start":3376.87,"end":3376.95},{"text":"universal","start":3376.95,"end":3377.39},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":3377.39,"end":3377.99},{"text":"and","start":3377.99,"end":3378.11},{"text":"we're","start":3378.11,"end":3378.31},{"text":"grateful","start":3378.31,"end":3378.91},{"text":"for","start":3379.07,"end":3379.23},{"text":"the","start":3379.23,"end":3379.31},{"text":"contribution","start":3379.31,"end":3379.79},{"text":"of","start":3379.79,"end":3379.87},{"text":"some","start":3379.87,"end":3380.03},{"text":"states","start":3380.03,"end":3380.51},{"text":"who","start":3380.59,"end":3380.83},{"text":"have","start":3380.83,"end":3380.99},{"text":"enriched","start":3380.99,"end":3381.39},{"text":"this","start":3381.39,"end":3381.55},{"text":"debate.","start":3381.55,"end":3382.11}]},{"text":"Venezuela is approaching this issue with a constructive spirit in the new stage of renewal put forward by the President of the Republic, Dalcie Rodrigues, based on strengthened dialogue, cooperation and mutual respect.","start":3382.59,"end":3396.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Venezuela","start":3382.59,"end":3383.11},{"text":"is","start":3383.11,"end":3383.23},{"text":"approaching","start":3383.23,"end":3383.71},{"text":"this","start":3383.71,"end":3383.95},{"text":"issue","start":3383.95,"end":3384.35},{"text":"with","start":3384.39,"end":3384.55},{"text":"a","start":3384.55,"end":3384.59},{"text":"constructive","start":3384.59,"end":3385.15},{"text":"spirit","start":3385.15,"end":3385.63},{"text":"in","start":3386.19,"end":3386.43},{"text":"the","start":3386.43,"end":3386.59},{"text":"new","start":3386.67,"end":3386.99},{"text":"stage","start":3386.99,"end":3387.39},{"text":"of","start":3387.43,"end":3387.55},{"text":"renewal","start":3387.55,"end":3388.27},{"text":"put","start":3388.95,"end":3389.19},{"text":"forward","start":3389.19,"end":3389.51},{"text":"by","start":3389.51,"end":3389.91},{"text":"the","start":3389.91,"end":3390.07},{"text":"President","start":3390.07,"end":3390.47},{"text":"of","start":3390.47,"end":3390.55},{"text":"the","start":3390.55,"end":3390.67},{"text":"Republic,","start":3390.67,"end":3391.27},{"text":"Dalcie","start":3391.27,"end":3391.59},{"text":"Rodrigues,","start":3391.59,"end":3392.23},{"text":"based","start":3392.23,"end":3392.63},{"text":"on","start":3392.63,"end":3393.03},{"text":"strengthened","start":3393.91,"end":3394.43},{"text":"dialogue,","start":3394.43,"end":3394.79},{"text":"cooperation","start":3394.79,"end":3395.31},{"text":"and","start":3395.31,"end":3395.43},{"text":"mutual","start":3395.43,"end":3395.71},{"text":"respect.","start":3395.71,"end":3396.39}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, although there is no consensus on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, we believe that it's valuable for this committee to continue to review it from a technical and open point of view, finding points of convergence between different positions.","start":3396.71,"end":3414.31,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3494.05,"end":3494.17},{"text":"that's","start":3494.17,"end":3494.45},{"text":"why","start":3494.45,"end":3494.57},{"text":"it's","start":3494.57,"end":3494.81},{"text":"necessary","start":3494.81,"end":3495.13},{"text":"to","start":3495.13,"end":3495.21},{"text":"work","start":3495.21,"end":3495.37},{"text":"to","start":3495.37,"end":3495.53},{"text":"strengthen","start":3495.53,"end":3496.05},{"text":"national","start":3496.21,"end":3496.57},{"text":"legal","start":3496.57,"end":3496.85},{"text":"systems","start":3496.85,"end":3497.25},{"text":"and","start":3497.25,"end":3497.37},{"text":"cooperation","start":3497.37,"end":3497.89},{"text":"between","start":3497.89,"end":3498.21},{"text":"states.","start":3498.21,"end":3498.69}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, by way of conclusion, Venezuela reaffirms its commitment to international law, multilateralism, and to the respect for the principles and purposes of the UN 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you very much, Madam Chair.","start":3519.53,"end":3520.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3519.53,"end":3519.73},{"text":"you","start":3519.73,"end":3519.81},{"text":"very","start":3519.81,"end":3519.97},{"text":"much,","start":3519.97,"end":3520.21},{"text":"Madam","start":3520.21,"end":3520.49},{"text":"Chair.","start":3520.49,"end":3520.73}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"VEN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":3521.45,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=58:42","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Venezuela for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mozambique","start":3589.53,"end":3590.17},{"text":"believes","start":3590.17,"end":3590.57},{"text":"that","start":3590.57,"end":3590.93},{"text":"the","start":3590.93,"end":3591.01},{"text":"African","start":3591.01,"end":3591.53},{"text":"perspective","start":3591.53,"end":3592.33},{"text":"can","start":3592.33,"end":3592.65},{"text":"make","start":3592.65,"end":3593.13},{"text":"an","start":3593.49,"end":3593.61},{"text":"important","start":3593.61,"end":3594.13},{"text":"contribution","start":3594.13,"end":3594.89},{"text":"to","start":3594.89,"end":3595.01},{"text":"assuring","start":3595.01,"end":3595.85},{"text":"that","start":3596.25,"end":3596.57},{"text":"the","start":3597.61,"end":3598.01},{"text":"principle","start":3598.01,"end":3598.73},{"text":"is","start":3598.73,"end":3598.97},{"text":"developed","start":3598.97,"end":3599.77},{"text":"and","start":3600.09,"end":3600.37},{"text":"applied","start":3600.41,"end":3601.05},{"text":"in","start":3601.05,"end":3601.41},{"text":"a","start":3601.41,"end":3601.45},{"text":"manner","start":3601.45,"end":3601.85},{"text":"to","start":3601.85,"end":3602.17},{"text":"promote","start":3602.17,"end":3602.81},{"text":"accountability","start":3602.81,"end":3603.93},{"text":"while","start":3604.21,"end":3604.73},{"text":"fully","start":3604.73,"end":3605.13},{"text":"respecting","start":3606.25,"end":3606.97},{"text":"the","start":3606.97,"end":3607.09},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3607.29,"end":3608.17},{"text":"and","start":3608.25,"end":3608.81},{"text":"equality","start":3608.97,"end":3609.57},{"text":"of","start":3609.57,"end":3609.69},{"text":"states.","start":3609.69,"end":3610.33}]},{"text":"The fact that this agenda item was originally placed on the General Assembly's agenda at the initiative of an African country demonstrates strong political will and commitment with this, an important factor in the fight against impunity.","start":3611.01,"end":3630.13,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3611.01,"end":3611.17},{"text":"fact","start":3611.17,"end":3611.57},{"text":"that","start":3611.57,"end":3611.73},{"text":"this","start":3611.73,"end":3612.21},{"text":"agenda","start":3612.21,"end":3612.85},{"text":"item","start":3612.85,"end":3613.33},{"text":"was","start":3613.33,"end":3613.73},{"text":"originally","start":3613.73,"end":3614.53},{"text":"placed","start":3614.53,"end":3615.33},{"text":"on","start":3615.33,"end":3615.57},{"text":"the","start":3615.57,"end":3615.65},{"text":"General","start":3615.65,"end":3616.13},{"text":"Assembly's","start":3616.13,"end":3617.01},{"text":"agenda","start":3617.01,"end":3617.65},{"text":"at","start":3617.97,"end":3618.13},{"text":"the","start":3618.13,"end":3618.25},{"text":"initiative","start":3618.25,"end":3618.93},{"text":"of","start":3618.93,"end":3619.25},{"text":"an","start":3619.57,"end":3620.05},{"text":"African","start":3620.05,"end":3620.69},{"text":"country","start":3620.69,"end":3621.33},{"text":"demonstrates","start":3621.57,"end":3622.33},{"text":"strong","start":3622.33,"end":3622.77},{"text":"political","start":3622.77,"end":3623.49},{"text":"will","start":3623.49,"end":3623.89},{"text":"and","start":3624.17,"end":3624.37},{"text":"commitment","start":3624.37,"end":3625.09},{"text":"with","start":3625.09,"end":3625.29},{"text":"this,","start":3625.29,"end":3625.73},{"text":"an","start":3626.17,"end":3626.29},{"text":"important","start":3626.29,"end":3626.89},{"text":"factor","start":3626.89,"end":3627.45},{"text":"in","start":3627.97,"end":3628.21},{"text":"the","start":3628.21,"end":3628.29},{"text":"fight","start":3628.29,"end":3628.77},{"text":"against","start":3628.85,"end":3629.37},{"text":"impunity.","start":3629.37,"end":3630.13}]},{"text":"The exercise of universal jurisdiction by national courts must take due account of the principles of sovereign equality of states, territorial integrity, political independence and non-interference in the internal affairs of states.","start":3631.33,"end":3649.73,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3631.33,"end":3631.53},{"text":"exercise","start":3631.53,"end":3632.45},{"text":"of","start":3632.45,"end":3632.69},{"text":"universal","start":3632.69,"end":3633.25},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3633.25,"end":3633.97},{"text":"by","start":3633.97,"end":3634.13},{"text":"national","start":3634.13,"end":3634.69},{"text":"courts","start":3634.69,"end":3635.33},{"text":"must","start":3635.73,"end":3636.17},{"text":"take","start":3636.17,"end":3636.53},{"text":"due","start":3636.53,"end":3636.81},{"text":"account","start":3636.81,"end":3637.73},{"text":"of","start":3637.81,"end":3637.97},{"text":"the","start":3637.97,"end":3638.13},{"text":"principles","start":3638.13,"end":3639.25},{"text":"of","start":3639.25,"end":3639.49},{"text":"sovereign","start":3639.57,"end":3640.21},{"text":"equality","start":3640.53,"end":3641.25},{"text":"of","start":3641.25,"end":3641.41},{"text":"states,","start":3641.41,"end":3641.97},{"text":"territorial","start":3642.29,"end":3643.05},{"text":"integrity,","start":3643.05,"end":3643.89},{"text":"political","start":3644.37,"end":3645.01},{"text":"independence","start":3645.01,"end":3646.21},{"text":"and","start":3646.29,"end":3646.73},{"text":"non-interference","start":3646.73,"end":3647.73},{"text":"in","start":3647.73,"end":3647.81},{"text":"the","start":3647.81,"end":3647.93},{"text":"internal","start":3647.93,"end":3648.53},{"text":"affairs","start":3648.53,"end":3649.01},{"text":"of","start":3649.01,"end":3649.09},{"text":"states.","start":3649.09,"end":3649.73}]},{"text":"Mozambique, therefore, attaches particular importance on achieving a greater clarity and common understanding regarding the scope, legal basis and condition for the exercise of universal jurisdiction.","start":3650.21,"end":3665.49,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mozambique,","start":3650.21,"end":3650.85},{"text":"therefore,","start":3650.85,"end":3651.45},{"text":"attaches","start":3651.45,"end":3651.97},{"text":"particular","start":3651.97,"end":3652.61},{"text":"importance","start":3652.61,"end":3653.17},{"text":"on","start":3653.17,"end":3653.33},{"text":"achieving","start":3653.33,"end":3653.89},{"text":"a","start":3654.61,"end":3654.69},{"text":"greater","start":3655.01,"end":3655.73},{"text":"clarity","start":3656.01,"end":3656.85},{"text":"and","start":3657.01,"end":3657.45},{"text":"common","start":3657.73,"end":3658.21},{"text":"understanding","start":3658.21,"end":3659.17},{"text":"regarding","start":3659.25,"end":3659.81},{"text":"the","start":3659.89,"end":3660.01},{"text":"scope,","start":3660.29,"end":3660.77},{"text":"legal","start":3661.09,"end":3661.49},{"text":"basis","start":3661.49,"end":3661.97},{"text":"and","start":3662.05,"end":3662.29},{"text":"condition","start":3662.29,"end":3662.77},{"text":"for","start":3662.77,"end":3663.01},{"text":"the","start":3663.01,"end":3663.13},{"text":"exercise","start":3663.13,"end":3663.69},{"text":"of","start":3663.69,"end":3663.89},{"text":"universal","start":3663.97,"end":3664.69},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3664.69,"end":3665.49}]},{"text":"Debates on this topic have been long and intense.","start":3666.05,"end":3669.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Debates","start":3666.05,"end":3666.53},{"text":"on","start":3666.53,"end":3666.69},{"text":"this","start":3666.69,"end":3666.93},{"text":"topic","start":3666.93,"end":3667.49},{"text":"have","start":3667.49,"end":3667.65},{"text":"been","start":3667.65,"end":3667.97},{"text":"long","start":3667.97,"end":3668.37},{"text":"and","start":3668.57,"end":3668.85},{"text":"intense.","start":3669.17,"end":3669.97}]},{"text":"However, no significant steps have been reached in addressing the misuse and abuse of the universality principle, which should be a concern for all Member States of the United Nations, including the African Member States.","start":3670.13,"end":3689.33,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3670.13,"end":3670.69},{"text":"no","start":3670.69,"end":3670.93},{"text":"significant","start":3670.93,"end":3671.65},{"text":"steps","start":3671.65,"end":3672.13},{"text":"have","start":3672.37,"end":3672.53},{"text":"been","start":3672.61,"end":3672.93},{"text":"reached","start":3672.93,"end":3673.33},{"text":"in","start":3673.49,"end":3674.13},{"text":"addressing","start":3674.53,"end":3675.25},{"text":"the","start":3675.25,"end":3675.97},{"text":"misuse","start":3676.45,"end":3677.17},{"text":"and","start":3677.25,"end":3677.49},{"text":"abuse","start":3677.49,"end":3677.85},{"text":"of","start":3677.89,"end":3678.13},{"text":"the","start":3678.13,"end":3678.25},{"text":"universality","start":3678.69,"end":3679.81},{"text":"principle,","start":3679.81,"end":3680.61},{"text":"which","start":3681.05,"end":3681.41},{"text":"should","start":3681.41,"end":3681.89},{"text":"be","start":3681.89,"end":3682.37},{"text":"a","start":3682.37,"end":3682.41},{"text":"concern","start":3682.41,"end":3683.25},{"text":"for","start":3684.69,"end":3684.97},{"text":"all","start":3684.97,"end":3685.17},{"text":"Member","start":3685.17,"end":3685.53},{"text":"States","start":3685.53,"end":3686.05},{"text":"of","start":3686.13,"end":3686.29},{"text":"the","start":3686.29,"end":3686.41},{"text":"United","start":3686.41,"end":3686.77},{"text":"Nations,","start":3686.77,"end":3687.33},{"text":"including","start":3687.33,"end":3687.89},{"text":"the","start":3687.89,"end":3688.01},{"text":"African","start":3688.01,"end":3688.53},{"text":"Member","start":3688.53,"end":3688.85},{"text":"States.","start":3688.85,"end":3689.33}]},{"text":"The real concerns which led to the inscription of this item on the agenda of our Committee still remain to be resolved.","start":3689.89,"end":3699.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3689.89,"end":3690.05},{"text":"real","start":3690.05,"end":3690.37},{"text":"concerns","start":3690.37,"end":3691.17},{"text":"which","start":3691.17,"end":3691.57},{"text":"led","start":3691.57,"end":3691.85},{"text":"to","start":3691.85,"end":3692.13},{"text":"the","start":3692.13,"end":3692.21},{"text":"inscription","start":3692.21,"end":3693.09},{"text":"of","start":3693.09,"end":3693.25},{"text":"this","start":3693.25,"end":3693.65},{"text":"item","start":3693.65,"end":3694.13},{"text":"on","start":3694.13,"end":3694.69},{"text":"the","start":3694.69,"end":3694.85},{"text":"agenda","start":3695.25,"end":3695.77},{"text":"of","start":3695.77,"end":3695.97},{"text":"our","start":3695.97,"end":3696.21},{"text":"Committee","start":3696.21,"end":3696.85},{"text":"still","start":3697.01,"end":3697.57},{"text":"remain","start":3697.57,"end":3698.21},{"text":"to","start":3698.21,"end":3698.37},{"text":"be","start":3698.37,"end":3698.61},{"text":"resolved.","start":3698.61,"end":3699.33}]},{"text":"Hence, the scope of universal jurisdiction remains uncertain.","start":3699.57,"end":3704.45,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Hence,","start":3699.57,"end":3700.05},{"text":"the","start":3700.93,"end":3701.05},{"text":"scope","start":3701.09,"end":3701.65},{"text":"of","start":3701.73,"end":3701.93},{"text":"universal","start":3701.93,"end":3702.49},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3702.49,"end":3703.17},{"text":"remains","start":3703.17,"end":3703.73},{"text":"uncertain.","start":3703.73,"end":3704.45}]},{"text":"In this regard, Mozambique believes that the Sixth Committee provides the appropriate forum for an inclusive, transparent and objective exchange of views among Member States.","start":3705.17,"end":3718.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3705.17,"end":3705.33},{"text":"this","start":3705.33,"end":3705.57},{"text":"regard,","start":3705.57,"end":3706.05},{"text":"Mozambique","start":3706.05,"end":3706.69},{"text":"believes","start":3706.69,"end":3707.17},{"text":"that","start":3707.17,"end":3707.33},{"text":"the","start":3707.33,"end":3707.53},{"text":"Sixth","start":3707.53,"end":3707.89},{"text":"Committee","start":3707.89,"end":3708.37},{"text":"provides","start":3708.37,"end":3709.01},{"text":"the","start":3709.01,"end":3709.13},{"text":"appropriate","start":3709.17,"end":3709.89},{"text":"forum","start":3709.89,"end":3710.29},{"text":"for","start":3710.93,"end":3711.25},{"text":"an","start":3711.37,"end":3711.65},{"text":"inclusive,","start":3711.65,"end":3712.37},{"text":"transparent","start":3712.53,"end":3713.33},{"text":"and","start":3713.41,"end":3713.65},{"text":"objective","start":3713.65,"end":3714.53},{"text":"exchange","start":3714.69,"end":3715.29},{"text":"of","start":3715.33,"end":3715.61},{"text":"views","start":3715.61,"end":3715.97},{"text":"among","start":3716.29,"end":3717.09},{"text":"Member","start":3717.25,"end":3717.65},{"text":"States.","start":3717.65,"end":3718.13}]},{"text":"The discussion should be guided by international law and should seek areas of convergence, rather than prematurely establishing conclusions where sufficient consensus has not yet emerged.","start":3718.61,"end":3735.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3718.61,"end":3718.85},{"text":"discussion","start":3718.85,"end":3719.49},{"text":"should","start":3719.49,"end":3719.81},{"text":"be","start":3719.81,"end":3720.29},{"text":"guided","start":3721.09,"end":3721.57},{"text":"by","start":3721.57,"end":3721.81},{"text":"international","start":3721.81,"end":3722.77},{"text":"law","start":3723.05,"end":3723.13},{"text":"and","start":3723.13,"end":3723.25},{"text":"should","start":3723.25,"end":3723.57},{"text":"seek","start":3723.57,"end":3724.61},{"text":"areas","start":3724.69,"end":3725.25},{"text":"of","start":3725.25,"end":3725.49},{"text":"convergence,","start":3725.49,"end":3726.85},{"text":"rather","start":3727.09,"end":3727.53},{"text":"than","start":3727.53,"end":3727.77},{"text":"prematurely","start":3728.37,"end":3729.33},{"text":"establishing","start":3729.57,"end":3730.53},{"text":"conclusions","start":3730.53,"end":3731.25},{"text":"where","start":3731.25,"end":3731.73},{"text":"sufficient","start":3732.33,"end":3733.05},{"text":"consensus","start":3733.05,"end":3733.69},{"text":"has","start":3733.69,"end":3733.93},{"text":"not","start":3733.93,"end":3734.25},{"text":"yet","start":3734.57,"end":3734.97},{"text":"emerged.","start":3734.97,"end":3735.61}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Mozambique also attaches importance to the principle of complementarity of the primary role of national jurisdictions.","start":3736.09,"end":3744.17,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3736.09,"end":3736.49},{"text":"Chair,","start":3736.49,"end":3736.89},{"text":"Mozambique","start":3736.97,"end":3737.61},{"text":"also","start":3737.61,"end":3737.97},{"text":"attaches","start":3737.97,"end":3738.41},{"text":"importance","start":3738.41,"end":3738.93},{"text":"to","start":3738.93,"end":3739.09},{"text":"the","start":3739.09,"end":3739.21},{"text":"principle","start":3739.21,"end":3739.85},{"text":"of","start":3739.85,"end":3740.01},{"text":"complementarity","start":3740.01,"end":3740.97},{"text":"of","start":3740.97,"end":3741.13},{"text":"the","start":3741.13,"end":3741.25},{"text":"primary","start":3741.25,"end":3741.81},{"text":"role","start":3742.09,"end":3742.41},{"text":"of","start":3742.41,"end":3742.73},{"text":"national","start":3742.73,"end":3743.25},{"text":"jurisdictions.","start":3743.25,"end":3744.17}]},{"text":"States have the primary responsibility to investigate and prosecute crimes committed within their jurisdiction and to ensure that their national legal systems are capable of addressing serious international crimes.","start":3744.89,"end":3760.25,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":3744.89,"end":3745.61},{"text":"have","start":3745.77,"end":3746.01},{"text":"the","start":3746.01,"end":3746.17},{"text":"primary","start":3746.17,"end":3746.69},{"text":"responsibility","start":3746.69,"end":3747.61},{"text":"to","start":3747.61,"end":3747.85},{"text":"investigate","start":3747.85,"end":3748.73},{"text":"and","start":3748.89,"end":3749.13},{"text":"prosecute","start":3749.21,"end":3749.93},{"text":"crimes","start":3749.93,"end":3750.41},{"text":"committed","start":3750.41,"end":3750.97},{"text":"within","start":3750.97,"end":3751.45},{"text":"their","start":3751.45,"end":3751.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3751.69,"end":3752.57},{"text":"and","start":3752.97,"end":3753.17},{"text":"to","start":3753.17,"end":3753.29},{"text":"ensure","start":3753.29,"end":3753.69},{"text":"that","start":3753.69,"end":3753.85},{"text":"their","start":3753.85,"end":3754.17},{"text":"national","start":3754.17,"end":3754.77},{"text":"legal","start":3754.77,"end":3755.05},{"text":"systems","start":3755.05,"end":3755.65},{"text":"are","start":3755.65,"end":3756.17},{"text":"capable","start":3756.65,"end":3757.69},{"text":"of","start":3757.69,"end":3757.77},{"text":"addressing","start":3758.09,"end":3758.65},{"text":"serious","start":3758.65,"end":3759.09},{"text":"international","start":3759.09,"end":3759.77},{"text":"crimes.","start":3759.77,"end":3760.25}]},{"text":"The exercise of universal jurisdiction should therefore be undertaken in a manner that strengthens rather than undermines national justice system and international cooperation.","start":3760.61,"end":3773.73,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3760.61,"end":3760.77},{"text":"exercise","start":3760.77,"end":3761.73},{"text":"of","start":3761.97,"end":3762.25},{"text":"universal","start":3762.25,"end":3762.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3762.77,"end":3763.65},{"text":"should","start":3763.81,"end":3764.13},{"text":"therefore","start":3764.13,"end":3764.69},{"text":"be","start":3764.69,"end":3765.09},{"text":"undertaken","start":3765.17,"end":3766.21},{"text":"in","start":3766.37,"end":3766.65},{"text":"a","start":3766.65,"end":3766.69},{"text":"manner","start":3766.69,"end":3767.09},{"text":"that","start":3767.09,"end":3767.41},{"text":"strengthens","start":3767.41,"end":3768.29},{"text":"rather","start":3768.53,"end":3768.97},{"text":"than","start":3768.97,"end":3769.33},{"text":"undermines","start":3769.49,"end":3770.29},{"text":"national","start":3770.29,"end":3770.77},{"text":"justice","start":3770.77,"end":3771.37},{"text":"system","start":3771.37,"end":3771.81},{"text":"and","start":3772.05,"end":3772.29},{"text":"international","start":3772.29,"end":3772.93},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3772.93,"end":3773.73}]},{"text":"Mozambique also emphasized the importance of appropriate procedural safeguards.","start":3774.69,"end":3781.33,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Mozambique","start":3774.69,"end":3775.25},{"text":"also","start":3775.25,"end":3775.53},{"text":"emphasized","start":3775.53,"end":3776.17},{"text":"the","start":3776.17,"end":3776.25},{"text":"importance","start":3776.25,"end":3776.77},{"text":"of","start":3776.81,"end":3777.01},{"text":"appropriate","start":3777.65,"end":3778.69},{"text":"procedural","start":3779.17,"end":3779.89},{"text":"safeguards.","start":3779.89,"end":3781.33}]},{"text":"The application of universal justice should respect due process, the rights of the accused, the the principle of legality, judicial independence, and fundamental guarantees recognized under international law.","start":3781.81,"end":3796.73,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3781.81,"end":3782.09},{"text":"application","start":3782.09,"end":3782.69},{"text":"of","start":3782.69,"end":3782.85},{"text":"universal","start":3782.85,"end":3783.41},{"text":"justice","start":3783.41,"end":3783.85},{"text":"should","start":3783.85,"end":3784.21},{"text":"respect","start":3784.53,"end":3785.17},{"text":"due","start":3785.33,"end":3785.57},{"text":"process,","start":3785.57,"end":3786.21},{"text":"the","start":3786.45,"end":3786.65},{"text":"rights","start":3786.65,"end":3787.05},{"text":"of","start":3787.09,"end":3787.33},{"text":"the","start":3787.57,"end":3787.69},{"text":"accused,","start":3787.69,"end":3788.29},{"text":"the","start":3788.53,"end":3788.69},{"text":"the","start":3789.53,"end":3789.69},{"text":"principle","start":3789.69,"end":3790.69},{"text":"of","start":3790.69,"end":3790.89},{"text":"legality,","start":3790.89,"end":3791.77},{"text":"judicial","start":3791.77,"end":3792.45},{"text":"independence,","start":3792.45,"end":3793.21},{"text":"and","start":3793.45,"end":3793.61},{"text":"fundamental","start":3793.61,"end":3794.33},{"text":"guarantees","start":3794.33,"end":3794.89},{"text":"recognized","start":3794.89,"end":3795.57},{"text":"under","start":3795.57,"end":3795.77},{"text":"international","start":3795.77,"end":3796.65},{"text":"law.","start":3796.65,"end":3796.73}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the issue of immunities under international law requires careful consideration.","start":3797.21,"end":3802.33,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":3797.21,"end":3797.85},{"text":"the","start":3797.85,"end":3797.97},{"text":"issue","start":3797.97,"end":3798.41},{"text":"of","start":3798.41,"end":3798.65},{"text":"immunities","start":3798.65,"end":3799.41},{"text":"under","start":3799.41,"end":3799.65},{"text":"international","start":3799.65,"end":3800.29},{"text":"law","start":3800.29,"end":3800.49},{"text":"requires","start":3800.49,"end":3801.05},{"text":"careful","start":3801.05,"end":3801.53},{"text":"consideration.","start":3801.53,"end":3802.33}]},{"text":"The exercise of criminal jurisdiction over a foreign official must be consistent with the applicable rules of international law concerning immunities and with the relevant decision and jurisprudence of competent international judicial institution.","start":3802.57,"end":3821.37,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3802.57,"end":3802.69},{"text":"exercise","start":3802.69,"end":3803.21},{"text":"of","start":3803.21,"end":3803.37},{"text":"criminal","start":3803.37,"end":3803.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3803.77,"end":3804.57},{"text":"over","start":3804.81,"end":3805.09},{"text":"a","start":3805.09,"end":3805.13},{"text":"foreign","start":3805.13,"end":3805.53},{"text":"official","start":3805.53,"end":3806.05},{"text":"must","start":3806.05,"end":3806.41},{"text":"be","start":3806.41,"end":3806.73},{"text":"consistent","start":3806.97,"end":3808.01},{"text":"with","start":3808.01,"end":3808.29},{"text":"the","start":3808.29,"end":3808.41},{"text":"applicable","start":3808.73,"end":3809.41},{"text":"rules","start":3809.41,"end":3809.93},{"text":"of","start":3809.93,"end":3810.17},{"text":"international","start":3810.17,"end":3812.57},{"text":"law","start":3812.57,"end":3812.65},{"text":"concerning","start":3812.89,"end":3813.45},{"text":"immunities","start":3813.53,"end":3814.41},{"text":"and","start":3814.65,"end":3814.89},{"text":"with","start":3814.89,"end":3815.17},{"text":"the","start":3815.17,"end":3815.25},{"text":"relevant","start":3815.25,"end":3815.89},{"text":"decision","start":3815.89,"end":3816.49},{"text":"and","start":3816.57,"end":3816.89},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":3817.45,"end":3818.33},{"text":"of","start":3818.41,"end":3818.65},{"text":"competent","start":3818.65,"end":3819.37},{"text":"international","start":3819.49,"end":3820.05},{"text":"judicial","start":3820.05,"end":3820.61},{"text":"institution.","start":3820.61,"end":3821.37}]},{"text":"We therefore encourage member states to continue ongoing constructively in the work of the Sixth Committee and its working group with the view of identifying areas of agreement and clarifying outstanding legal questions.","start":3822.09,"end":3838.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3822.09,"end":3822.41},{"text":"therefore","start":3822.49,"end":3823.29},{"text":"encourage","start":3823.29,"end":3823.85},{"text":"member","start":3823.85,"end":3824.25},{"text":"states","start":3824.89,"end":3825.61},{"text":"to","start":3825.77,"end":3826.01},{"text":"continue","start":3826.01,"end":3826.49},{"text":"ongoing","start":3826.49,"end":3827.05},{"text":"constructively","start":3827.05,"end":3828.09},{"text":"in","start":3828.09,"end":3828.33},{"text":"the","start":3828.33,"end":3828.45},{"text":"work","start":3828.45,"end":3828.81},{"text":"of","start":3828.81,"end":3828.97},{"text":"the","start":3828.97,"end":3829.09},{"text":"Sixth","start":3829.09,"end":3829.45},{"text":"Committee","start":3829.45,"end":3830.01},{"text":"and","start":3830.33,"end":3830.57},{"text":"its","start":3830.57,"end":3831.21},{"text":"working","start":3831.53,"end":3832.09},{"text":"group","start":3832.09,"end":3832.49},{"text":"with","start":3832.73,"end":3833.01},{"text":"the","start":3833.01,"end":3833.13},{"text":"view","start":3833.13,"end":3833.45},{"text":"of","start":3833.45,"end":3833.65},{"text":"identifying","start":3833.65,"end":3834.49},{"text":"areas","start":3834.49,"end":3834.85},{"text":"of","start":3834.85,"end":3834.93},{"text":"agreement","start":3834.93,"end":3835.53},{"text":"and","start":3835.53,"end":3835.81},{"text":"clarifying","start":3835.81,"end":3836.57},{"text":"outstanding","start":3836.57,"end":3837.13},{"text":"legal","start":3837.13,"end":3837.53},{"text":"questions.","start":3837.53,"end":3838.09}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, in conclusion, universal jurisdiction should be exercised in the good faith and with the due regard to the other principle of international law in order to avoid misuse and abuse.","start":3839.01,"end":3851.57,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3839.01,"end":3839.33},{"text":"Chair,","start":3839.33,"end":3839.73},{"text":"in","start":3839.73,"end":3839.97},{"text":"conclusion,","start":3839.97,"end":3840.61},{"text":"universal","start":3840.61,"end":3841.33},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3841.33,"end":3842.13},{"text":"should","start":3842.13,"end":3842.37},{"text":"be","start":3842.37,"end":3842.53},{"text":"exercised","start":3842.53,"end":3843.17},{"text":"in","start":3843.17,"end":3843.37},{"text":"the","start":3843.37,"end":3843.49},{"text":"good","start":3843.49,"end":3843.73},{"text":"faith","start":3843.73,"end":3844.21},{"text":"and","start":3844.29,"end":3844.53},{"text":"with","start":3844.53,"end":3844.73},{"text":"the","start":3844.73,"end":3844.85},{"text":"due","start":3844.85,"end":3845.17},{"text":"regard","start":3845.49,"end":3845.85},{"text":"to","start":3845.85,"end":3846.05},{"text":"the","start":3846.05,"end":3846.25},{"text":"other","start":3846.25,"end":3846.45},{"text":"principle","start":3846.45,"end":3847.01},{"text":"of","start":3847.01,"end":3847.17},{"text":"international","start":3847.17,"end":3848.05},{"text":"law","start":3848.05,"end":3848.13},{"text":"in","start":3848.37,"end":3848.61},{"text":"order","start":3848.61,"end":3848.93},{"text":"to","start":3848.93,"end":3849.09},{"text":"avoid","start":3849.09,"end":3849.57},{"text":"misuse","start":3849.81,"end":3850.65},{"text":"and","start":3850.65,"end":3850.85},{"text":"abuse.","start":3850.85,"end":3851.57}]},{"text":"In this context, agreed norms must be established regarding the scope of application of universal jurisdiction.","start":3851.97,"end":3861.25,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3851.97,"end":3852.21},{"text":"this","start":3852.21,"end":3852.45},{"text":"context,","start":3852.45,"end":3853.09},{"text":"agreed","start":3853.33,"end":3853.77},{"text":"norms","start":3853.77,"end":3854.37},{"text":"must","start":3854.37,"end":3854.73},{"text":"be","start":3854.73,"end":3855.01},{"text":"established","start":3855.01,"end":3855.65},{"text":"regarding","start":3855.89,"end":3856.45},{"text":"the","start":3856.45,"end":3856.69},{"text":"scope","start":3856.69,"end":3857.25},{"text":"of","start":3857.25,"end":3857.57},{"text":"application","start":3857.57,"end":3858.21},{"text":"of","start":3858.21,"end":3858.37},{"text":"universal","start":3858.37,"end":3859.01},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3860.45,"end":3861.25}]},{"text":"We would like to state that Mozambique reaffirms its commitment to combating impunity for the most serious international crimes.","start":3862.05,"end":3871.97,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3862.05,"end":3862.21},{"text":"would","start":3862.21,"end":3862.45},{"text":"like","start":3862.45,"end":3862.65},{"text":"to","start":3862.65,"end":3862.81},{"text":"state","start":3862.85,"end":3863.49},{"text":"that","start":3863.73,"end":3864.05},{"text":"Mozambique","start":3864.05,"end":3864.77},{"text":"reaffirms","start":3864.77,"end":3865.57},{"text":"its","start":3865.81,"end":3865.97},{"text":"commitment","start":3865.97,"end":3866.81},{"text":"to","start":3866.81,"end":3866.89},{"text":"combating","start":3866.89,"end":3867.81},{"text":"impunity","start":3867.81,"end":3868.85},{"text":"for","start":3868.93,"end":3869.25},{"text":"the","start":3869.25,"end":3869.37},{"text":"most","start":3869.37,"end":3869.85},{"text":"serious","start":3869.85,"end":3870.29},{"text":"international","start":3870.29,"end":3871.09},{"text":"crimes.","start":3871.33,"end":3871.97}]},{"text":"I thank you 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note with satisfaction the report number A/81/205 of the Secretary-General of the United Nations entitled \"Scope and Application of the Principle of Immunity from Jurisdiction.\"","start":3901.73,"end":3917.41,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3901.73,"end":3901.89},{"text":"note","start":3901.89,"end":3902.45},{"text":"with","start":3902.45,"end":3902.73},{"text":"satisfaction","start":3902.73,"end":3903.65},{"text":"the","start":3903.65,"end":3903.85},{"text":"report","start":3904.05,"end":3904.93},{"text":"number","start":3905.89,"end":3906.21},{"text":"A/81/205","start":3906.21,"end":3908.65},{"text":"of","start":3909.29,"end":3909.37},{"text":"the","start":3909.37,"end":3909.45},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":3909.45,"end":3910.25},{"text":"of","start":3910.25,"end":3910.33},{"text":"the","start":3910.33,"end":3910.41},{"text":"United","start":3910.41,"end":3910.69},{"text":"Nations","start":3910.69,"end":3911.37},{"text":"entitled","start":3911.37,"end":3912.53},{"text":"\"Scope","start":3914.61,"end":3914.89},{"text":"and","start":3914.89,"end":3915.01},{"text":"Application","start":3915.01,"end":3915.49},{"text":"of","start":3915.49,"end":3915.57},{"text":"the","start":3915.65,"end":3915.89},{"text":"Principle","start":3915.97,"end":3916.33},{"text":"of","start":3916.33,"end":3916.41},{"text":"Immunity","start":3916.41,"end":3916.73},{"text":"from","start":3916.73,"end":3916.89},{"text":"Jurisdiction.\"","start":3916.89,"end":3917.41}]},{"text":"In this framework, we would like to make a few comments in our national capacity.","start":3917.89,"end":3920.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3917.89,"end":3918.05},{"text":"this","start":3918.05,"end":3918.17},{"text":"framework,","start":3918.17,"end":3918.49},{"text":"we","start":3918.49,"end":3918.57},{"text":"would","start":3918.57,"end":3918.69},{"text":"like","start":3918.69,"end":3918.85},{"text":"to","start":3918.85,"end":3918.97},{"text":"make","start":3918.97,"end":3919.13},{"text":"a","start":3919.13,"end":3919.17},{"text":"few","start":3919.17,"end":3919.33},{"text":"comments","start":3919.33,"end":3919.69},{"text":"in","start":3919.69,"end":3919.77},{"text":"our","start":3919.77,"end":3919.85},{"text":"national","start":3919.85,"end":3920.25},{"text":"capacity.","start":3920.25,"end":3920.77}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the principle of universal jurisdiction is one of the most effective means for preventing and punishing the most serious crimes that affect all of the international community, in particular those laid out in the Statute of Rome on the International Criminal Court.","start":3922.29,"end":3939.49,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3922.29,"end":3922.65},{"text":"Chair,","start":3922.65,"end":3923.01},{"text":"the","start":3923.49,"end":3923.57},{"text":"principle","start":3923.57,"end":3924.13},{"text":"of","start":3924.17,"end":3924.37},{"text":"universal","start":3924.37,"end":3924.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3924.77,"end":3925.41},{"text":"is","start":3925.41,"end":3925.57},{"text":"one","start":3925.57,"end":3925.77},{"text":"of","start":3925.77,"end":3925.85},{"text":"the","start":3925.85,"end":3925.93},{"text":"most","start":3925.97,"end":3926.13},{"text":"effective","start":3926.13,"end":3926.69},{"text":"means","start":3926.69,"end":3927.09},{"text":"for","start":3927.09,"end":3927.33},{"text":"preventing","start":3927.33,"end":3927.81},{"text":"and","start":3927.81,"end":3927.97},{"text":"punishing","start":3927.97,"end":3928.53},{"text":"the","start":3928.93,"end":3929.13},{"text":"most","start":3929.13,"end":3929.37},{"text":"serious","start":3929.37,"end":3929.81},{"text":"crimes","start":3929.81,"end":3930.17},{"text":"that","start":3930.17,"end":3930.33},{"text":"affect","start":3930.33,"end":3930.93},{"text":"all","start":3931.01,"end":3931.37},{"text":"of","start":3931.37,"end":3931.49},{"text":"the","start":3931.49,"end":3931.61},{"text":"international","start":3931.61,"end":3932.25},{"text":"community,","start":3932.25,"end":3932.77},{"text":"in","start":3934.05,"end":3934.13},{"text":"particular","start":3934.13,"end":3934.61},{"text":"those","start":3934.61,"end":3935.09},{"text":"laid","start":3935.25,"end":3935.49},{"text":"out","start":3935.49,"end":3935.69},{"text":"in","start":3935.69,"end":3935.77},{"text":"the","start":3935.77,"end":3935.85},{"text":"Statute","start":3935.85,"end":3936.53},{"text":"of","start":3936.53,"end":3936.77},{"text":"Rome","start":3936.77,"end":3937.17},{"text":"on","start":3937.45,"end":3937.65},{"text":"the","start":3937.65,"end":3937.77},{"text":"International","start":3937.77,"end":3938.61},{"text":"Criminal","start":3938.69,"end":3939.09},{"text":"Court.","start":3939.09,"end":3939.49}]},{"text":"In addition here, the subsidiary principle of universal jurisdiction remains an imperative for bridging legal gaps, developing legal cooperation, and thus effectively combating impunity with regard to the commission of crimes without such limitations.","start":3940.29,"end":3959.09,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3940.29,"end":3940.41},{"text":"addition","start":3940.41,"end":3940.93},{"text":"here,","start":3940.93,"end":3941.25},{"text":"the","start":3941.25,"end":3941.45},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3941.65,"end":3942.17},{"text":"principle","start":3942.17,"end":3942.77},{"text":"of","start":3943.13,"end":3943.41},{"text":"universal","start":3943.57,"end":3944.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3944.05,"end":3944.93},{"text":"remains","start":3946.69,"end":3947.33},{"text":"an","start":3947.33,"end":3947.41},{"text":"imperative","start":3947.41,"end":3948.29},{"text":"for","start":3948.29,"end":3948.69},{"text":"bridging","start":3948.69,"end":3949.25},{"text":"legal","start":3949.33,"end":3949.81},{"text":"gaps,","start":3949.81,"end":3950.13},{"text":"developing","start":3950.13,"end":3950.93},{"text":"legal","start":3951.01,"end":3951.25},{"text":"cooperation,","start":3951.25,"end":3952.21},{"text":"and","start":3952.21,"end":3952.33},{"text":"thus","start":3952.33,"end":3952.53},{"text":"effectively","start":3952.53,"end":3953.17},{"text":"combating","start":3953.17,"end":3953.85},{"text":"impunity","start":3953.85,"end":3954.61},{"text":"with","start":3955.17,"end":3955.41},{"text":"regard","start":3955.41,"end":3955.73},{"text":"to","start":3955.73,"end":3955.81},{"text":"the","start":3955.81,"end":3955.89},{"text":"commission","start":3955.89,"end":3956.45},{"text":"of","start":3956.73,"end":3956.85},{"text":"crimes","start":3956.85,"end":3957.33},{"text":"without","start":3957.33,"end":3957.81},{"text":"such","start":3958.05,"end":3958.21},{"text":"limitations.","start":3958.29,"end":3959.09}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, my delegation welcomes the idea of creating a working group in accordance with resolution 7579/127 to examine the issue of how the principle of universal jurisdiction is different from other related concepts.","start":3959.65,"end":3974.77,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3959.65,"end":3959.89},{"text":"Chair,","start":3959.89,"end":3960.13},{"text":"my","start":3960.13,"end":3960.21},{"text":"delegation","start":3960.21,"end":3960.85},{"text":"welcomes","start":3960.85,"end":3961.29},{"text":"the","start":3961.29,"end":3961.37},{"text":"idea","start":3961.37,"end":3961.69},{"text":"of","start":3961.69,"end":3961.81},{"text":"creating","start":3961.81,"end":3962.21},{"text":"a","start":3962.21,"end":3962.25},{"text":"working","start":3962.25,"end":3962.57},{"text":"group","start":3962.57,"end":3962.93},{"text":"in","start":3962.93,"end":3963.01},{"text":"accordance","start":3963.01,"end":3963.41},{"text":"with","start":3963.41,"end":3963.53},{"text":"resolution","start":3963.53,"end":3963.97},{"text":"7579/127","start":3963.97,"end":3967.01},{"text":"to","start":3967.49,"end":3967.69},{"text":"examine","start":3967.69,"end":3968.21},{"text":"the","start":3968.21,"end":3968.33},{"text":"issue","start":3968.33,"end":3968.93},{"text":"of","start":3969.45,"end":3969.65},{"text":"how","start":3969.65,"end":3969.89},{"text":"the","start":3969.89,"end":3970.05},{"text":"principle","start":3970.05,"end":3970.77},{"text":"of","start":3971.17,"end":3971.25},{"text":"universal","start":3971.25,"end":3971.65},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3971.65,"end":3972.37},{"text":"is","start":3972.37,"end":3972.57},{"text":"different","start":3972.57,"end":3972.93},{"text":"from","start":3972.93,"end":3973.09},{"text":"other","start":3973.09,"end":3973.53},{"text":"related","start":3973.53,"end":3973.97},{"text":"concepts.","start":3973.97,"end":3974.77}]},{"text":"We therefore urge the International Law Commission and the working group established to continue to work to provide more clarification on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction and related concepts to avoid its abusive interpretation, risk of politicization, and a frequent use of double standards.","start":3975.17,"end":3997.49,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3975.17,"end":3975.49},{"text":"therefore","start":3975.49,"end":3975.97},{"text":"urge","start":3975.97,"end":3976.37},{"text":"the","start":3976.37,"end":3976.57},{"text":"International","start":3976.57,"end":3977.41},{"text":"Law","start":3977.97,"end":3978.21},{"text":"Commission","start":3978.21,"end":3978.73},{"text":"and","start":3978.73,"end":3979.01},{"text":"the","start":3979.41,"end":3979.61},{"text":"working","start":3979.61,"end":3979.97},{"text":"group","start":3979.97,"end":3980.29},{"text":"established","start":3980.37,"end":3981.13},{"text":"to","start":3981.13,"end":3981.33},{"text":"continue","start":3981.49,"end":3982.37},{"text":"to","start":3982.69,"end":3982.85},{"text":"work","start":3982.85,"end":3983.05},{"text":"to","start":3983.05,"end":3983.13},{"text":"provide","start":3983.13,"end":3983.45},{"text":"more","start":3983.45,"end":3983.57},{"text":"clarification","start":3983.57,"end":3984.53},{"text":"on","start":3984.53,"end":3984.61},{"text":"the","start":3984.61,"end":3984.73},{"text":"scope","start":3984.77,"end":3985.13},{"text":"and","start":3985.13,"end":3985.25},{"text":"application","start":3985.25,"end":3986.05},{"text":"of","start":3986.05,"end":3986.29},{"text":"the","start":3986.29,"end":3986.41},{"text":"principle","start":3986.41,"end":3987.01},{"text":"of","start":3987.09,"end":3987.21},{"text":"universal","start":3987.21,"end":3987.73},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3987.73,"end":3988.61},{"text":"and","start":3988.61,"end":3988.77},{"text":"related","start":3988.77,"end":3989.17},{"text":"concepts","start":3989.17,"end":3989.73},{"text":"to","start":3989.73,"end":3990.13},{"text":"avoid","start":3990.45,"end":3990.93},{"text":"its","start":3990.93,"end":3991.25},{"text":"abusive","start":3991.81,"end":3992.29},{"text":"interpretation,","start":3992.29,"end":3993.09},{"text":"risk","start":3993.09,"end":3993.29},{"text":"of","start":3993.29,"end":3993.37},{"text":"politicization,","start":3993.37,"end":3994.53},{"text":"and","start":3994.53,"end":3994.93},{"text":"a","start":3995.41,"end":3995.45},{"text":"frequent","start":3995.45,"end":3995.89},{"text":"use","start":3995.89,"end":3996.21},{"text":"of","start":3996.25,"end":3996.45},{"text":"double","start":3996.45,"end":3996.77},{"text":"standards.","start":3996.77,"end":3997.49}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the Republic of Guinea has already incorporated into its domestic law provisions relating to the implementation of the Rome Statute, establishing the ICC through laws No. 059 and 060.","start":3998.21,"end":4016.05,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"international-criminal-court","label":"international-criminal-court","description":""}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3998.21,"end":3998.49},{"text":"Chair,","start":3998.49,"end":3998.85},{"text":"the","start":3999.01,"end":3999.09},{"text":"Republic","start":3999.09,"end":3999.57},{"text":"of","start":3999.57,"end":3999.81},{"text":"Guinea","start":3999.89,"end":4000.45},{"text":"has","start":4001.41,"end":4001.81},{"text":"already","start":4001.89,"end":4002.53},{"text":"incorporated","start":4002.53,"end":4003.49},{"text":"into","start":4003.53,"end":4003.69},{"text":"its","start":4003.73,"end":4004.05},{"text":"domestic","start":4004.05,"end":4004.85},{"text":"law","start":4004.93,"end":4005.33},{"text":"provisions","start":4006.13,"end":4006.69},{"text":"relating","start":4006.69,"end":4007.17},{"text":"to","start":4007.17,"end":4007.41},{"text":"the","start":4007.41,"end":4007.49},{"text":"implementation","start":4007.49,"end":4008.29},{"text":"of","start":4008.33,"end":4008.53},{"text":"the","start":4008.53,"end":4008.73},{"text":"Rome","start":4008.93,"end":4009.25},{"text":"Statute,","start":4009.25,"end":4009.73},{"text":"establishing","start":4009.89,"end":4010.61},{"text":"the","start":4011.17,"end":4011.37},{"text":"ICC","start":4011.65,"end":4012.45},{"text":"through","start":4012.45,"end":4012.61},{"text":"laws","start":4012.61,"end":4013.09},{"text":"No.","start":4013.09,"end":4013.49},{"text":"059","start":4013.73,"end":4014.85},{"text":"and","start":4014.85,"end":4015.17},{"text":"060.","start":4015.17,"end":4016.05}]},{"text":"that relate to our criminal code and criminal procedure code.","start":4017.61,"end":4020.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"that","start":4017.61,"end":4017.93},{"text":"relate","start":4017.93,"end":4018.33},{"text":"to","start":4018.33,"end":4018.41},{"text":"our","start":4018.41,"end":4018.49},{"text":"criminal","start":4018.49,"end":4018.89},{"text":"code","start":4018.89,"end":4019.25},{"text":"and","start":4019.25,"end":4019.45},{"text":"criminal","start":4019.45,"end":4019.77},{"text":"procedure","start":4019.77,"end":4020.49},{"text":"code.","start":4020.49,"end":4020.89}]},{"text":"We also have eliminated such as limitations on serious crimes that shock the conscience of humanity with severe sentences and long periods of imprisonment without parole, possibility of parole with regard to those that perpetrate these crimes.","start":4021.37,"end":4040.65,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4021.37,"end":4021.61},{"text":"also","start":4021.69,"end":4022.25},{"text":"have","start":4022.25,"end":4022.61},{"text":"eliminated","start":4022.61,"end":4023.29},{"text":"such","start":4023.77,"end":4023.89},{"text":"as","start":4023.89,"end":4024.09},{"text":"limitations","start":4024.09,"end":4024.81},{"text":"on","start":4024.81,"end":4024.97},{"text":"serious","start":4024.97,"end":4025.45},{"text":"crimes","start":4025.45,"end":4025.97},{"text":"that","start":4025.97,"end":4026.17},{"text":"shock","start":4026.17,"end":4026.49},{"text":"the","start":4026.49,"end":4026.77},{"text":"conscience","start":4027.05,"end":4027.61},{"text":"of","start":4027.61,"end":4027.69},{"text":"humanity","start":4027.69,"end":4028.33},{"text":"with","start":4028.33,"end":4028.81},{"text":"severe","start":4029.21,"end":4029.77},{"text":"sentences","start":4029.77,"end":4030.65},{"text":"and","start":4030.69,"end":4030.81},{"text":"long","start":4030.81,"end":4030.93},{"text":"periods","start":4032.25,"end":4032.65},{"text":"of","start":4034.57,"end":4034.69},{"text":"imprisonment","start":4034.69,"end":4035.37},{"text":"without","start":4035.37,"end":4035.61},{"text":"parole,","start":4035.61,"end":4036.01},{"text":"possibility","start":4036.01,"end":4036.53},{"text":"of","start":4036.53,"end":4036.65},{"text":"parole","start":4036.65,"end":4037.05},{"text":"with","start":4037.05,"end":4037.37},{"text":"regard","start":4037.37,"end":4037.77},{"text":"to","start":4037.77,"end":4038.17},{"text":"those","start":4038.49,"end":4038.89},{"text":"that","start":4038.89,"end":4039.37},{"text":"perpetrate","start":4039.45,"end":4039.93},{"text":"these","start":4039.93,"end":4040.09},{"text":"crimes.","start":4040.09,"end":4040.65}]},{"text":"In addition, Guinea has also enshrined in its laws the principle on the lack of relevance of the official status of those that commission or carry out these aforementioned crimes.","start":4040.65,"end":4056.49,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4040.65,"end":4040.77},{"text":"addition,","start":4040.77,"end":4041.21},{"text":"Guinea","start":4041.21,"end":4041.61},{"text":"has","start":4041.61,"end":4041.93},{"text":"also","start":4041.93,"end":4042.33},{"text":"enshrined","start":4042.33,"end":4042.73},{"text":"in","start":4042.73,"end":4042.89},{"text":"its","start":4042.89,"end":4043.13},{"text":"laws","start":4043.13,"end":4043.61},{"text":"the","start":4043.61,"end":4043.73},{"text":"principle","start":4043.73,"end":4044.41},{"text":"on","start":4044.49,"end":4044.89},{"text":"the","start":4045.93,"end":4046.05},{"text":"lack","start":4047.53,"end":4047.93},{"text":"of","start":4047.93,"end":4048.33},{"text":"relevance","start":4048.57,"end":4049.05},{"text":"of","start":4049.05,"end":4049.13},{"text":"the","start":4049.13,"end":4049.25},{"text":"official","start":4049.25,"end":4050.01},{"text":"status","start":4051.05,"end":4051.69},{"text":"of","start":4051.89,"end":4052.17},{"text":"those","start":4052.17,"end":4052.65},{"text":"that","start":4052.73,"end":4053.05},{"text":"commission","start":4053.05,"end":4053.69},{"text":"or","start":4053.69,"end":4053.85},{"text":"carry","start":4053.85,"end":4054.25},{"text":"out","start":4054.25,"end":4054.57},{"text":"these","start":4054.57,"end":4055.05},{"text":"aforementioned","start":4055.29,"end":4055.93},{"text":"crimes.","start":4055.93,"end":4056.49}]},{"text":"This lack of immunity means that the immunities or rules of special procedure that could usually be evoked due to the official status of a given individual under internal law or international law should in no case prevent the state from prosecuting or extraditing a person that committed one of these crimes.","start":4057.61,"end":4075.45,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4057.61,"end":4058.09},{"text":"lack","start":4058.17,"end":4058.57},{"text":"of","start":4058.57,"end":4058.65},{"text":"immunity","start":4058.65,"end":4059.05},{"text":"means","start":4059.13,"end":4059.45},{"text":"that","start":4059.45,"end":4059.85},{"text":"the","start":4059.85,"end":4059.97},{"text":"immunities","start":4059.97,"end":4060.57},{"text":"or","start":4060.57,"end":4060.93},{"text":"rules","start":4060.93,"end":4061.17},{"text":"of","start":4061.17,"end":4061.25},{"text":"special","start":4061.25,"end":4061.49},{"text":"procedure","start":4061.49,"end":4062.17},{"text":"that","start":4062.17,"end":4062.41},{"text":"could","start":4062.41,"end":4062.65},{"text":"usually","start":4062.65,"end":4063.13},{"text":"be","start":4063.13,"end":4063.37},{"text":"evoked","start":4063.37,"end":4063.93},{"text":"due","start":4063.93,"end":4064.17},{"text":"to","start":4064.17,"end":4064.33},{"text":"the","start":4064.33,"end":4064.53},{"text":"official","start":4064.53,"end":4064.93},{"text":"status","start":4064.93,"end":4065.37},{"text":"of","start":4065.37,"end":4065.61},{"text":"a","start":4065.69,"end":4065.73},{"text":"given","start":4065.73,"end":4066.01},{"text":"individual","start":4066.01,"end":4066.73},{"text":"under","start":4066.73,"end":4067.53},{"text":"internal","start":4067.61,"end":4068.33},{"text":"law","start":4068.33,"end":4068.41},{"text":"or","start":4068.41,"end":4068.65},{"text":"international","start":4068.65,"end":4069.37},{"text":"law","start":4069.37,"end":4069.53},{"text":"should","start":4069.85,"end":4070.17},{"text":"in","start":4070.17,"end":4070.37},{"text":"no","start":4070.37,"end":4070.65},{"text":"case","start":4071.05,"end":4071.45},{"text":"prevent","start":4071.45,"end":4071.77},{"text":"the","start":4071.77,"end":4071.89},{"text":"state","start":4071.89,"end":4072.21},{"text":"from","start":4072.21,"end":4072.41},{"text":"prosecuting","start":4072.41,"end":4073.01},{"text":"or","start":4073.01,"end":4073.09},{"text":"extraditing","start":4073.09,"end":4073.69},{"text":"a","start":4073.77,"end":4073.81},{"text":"person","start":4073.81,"end":4074.09},{"text":"that","start":4074.09,"end":4074.25},{"text":"committed","start":4074.25,"end":4074.65},{"text":"one","start":4074.65,"end":4074.81},{"text":"of","start":4074.81,"end":4074.89},{"text":"these","start":4074.89,"end":4075.01},{"text":"crimes.","start":4075.01,"end":4075.45}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Guinea has enshrined in its law the punishment of these most serious crimes, and thus my delegation favors the principle of universal jurisdiction as long as it's strictly applied based on subsidiarity when there is a clear unwillingness or inability to judge or extradite perpetrators of these serious crimes through criteria based upon the law.","start":4075.93,"end":4100.41,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4075.93,"end":4076.25},{"text":"Chair,","start":4076.25,"end":4076.57},{"text":"Guinea","start":4076.89,"end":4077.13},{"text":"has","start":4077.13,"end":4077.37},{"text":"enshrined","start":4077.37,"end":4077.93},{"text":"in","start":4077.93,"end":4078.13},{"text":"its","start":4078.13,"end":4078.33},{"text":"law","start":4078.33,"end":4078.73},{"text":"the","start":4078.73,"end":4078.89},{"text":"punishment","start":4078.89,"end":4079.61},{"text":"of","start":4079.65,"end":4079.85},{"text":"these","start":4079.85,"end":4080.25},{"text":"most","start":4080.25,"end":4080.53},{"text":"serious","start":4080.53,"end":4080.89},{"text":"crimes,","start":4080.89,"end":4081.21},{"text":"and","start":4081.21,"end":4081.37},{"text":"thus","start":4081.37,"end":4081.61},{"text":"my","start":4081.61,"end":4081.69},{"text":"delegation","start":4081.69,"end":4082.33},{"text":"favors","start":4082.33,"end":4082.73},{"text":"the","start":4082.73,"end":4082.81},{"text":"principle","start":4082.81,"end":4083.45},{"text":"of","start":4083.45,"end":4083.53},{"text":"universal","start":4083.93,"end":4084.41},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4084.41,"end":4085.21},{"text":"as","start":4085.45,"end":4085.57},{"text":"long","start":4085.57,"end":4085.69},{"text":"as","start":4085.69,"end":4085.77},{"text":"it's","start":4085.77,"end":4086.01},{"text":"strictly","start":4086.01,"end":4086.45},{"text":"applied","start":4086.45,"end":4087.05},{"text":"based","start":4087.05,"end":4087.37},{"text":"on","start":4087.37,"end":4087.45},{"text":"subsidiarity","start":4087.45,"end":4088.41},{"text":"when","start":4088.69,"end":4088.97},{"text":"there","start":4088.97,"end":4089.21},{"text":"is","start":4089.21,"end":4089.37},{"text":"a","start":4089.53,"end":4089.57},{"text":"clear","start":4089.57,"end":4089.93},{"text":"unwillingness","start":4090.09,"end":4090.69},{"text":"or","start":4090.69,"end":4090.81},{"text":"inability","start":4090.81,"end":4091.61},{"text":"to","start":4092.01,"end":4092.41},{"text":"judge","start":4092.57,"end":4093.05},{"text":"or","start":4093.05,"end":4093.21},{"text":"extradite","start":4093.21,"end":4093.81},{"text":"perpetrators","start":4093.81,"end":4094.33},{"text":"of","start":4094.33,"end":4094.41},{"text":"these","start":4094.41,"end":4094.65},{"text":"serious","start":4094.65,"end":4095.05},{"text":"crimes","start":4095.05,"end":4095.69},{"text":"through","start":4098.09,"end":4098.49},{"text":"criteria","start":4099.05,"end":4099.61},{"text":"based","start":4099.61,"end":4099.89},{"text":"upon","start":4099.89,"end":4100.09},{"text":"the","start":4100.09,"end":4100.17},{"text":"law.","start":4100.17,"end":4100.41}]},{"text":"As a result, my delegation would also support the prosecution or extradition of perpetrators of these crimes in application of the out de re out judicare principle, the obligation to extradite or judge.","start":4101.61,"end":4117.81,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4101.61,"end":4101.77},{"text":"a","start":4101.77,"end":4101.85},{"text":"result,","start":4101.85,"end":4102.13},{"text":"my","start":4102.13,"end":4102.25},{"text":"delegation","start":4102.25,"end":4102.97},{"text":"would","start":4103.89,"end":4104.37},{"text":"also","start":4104.77,"end":4105.13},{"text":"support","start":4105.13,"end":4105.73},{"text":"the","start":4105.73,"end":4105.89},{"text":"prosecution","start":4105.89,"end":4106.69},{"text":"or","start":4106.69,"end":4106.85},{"text":"extradition","start":4106.85,"end":4107.65},{"text":"of","start":4107.69,"end":4107.77},{"text":"perpetrators","start":4107.77,"end":4108.37},{"text":"of","start":4108.37,"end":4108.61},{"text":"these","start":4108.69,"end":4109.17},{"text":"crimes","start":4109.65,"end":4110.37},{"text":"in","start":4110.61,"end":4110.73},{"text":"application","start":4110.73,"end":4111.41},{"text":"of","start":4111.41,"end":4111.65},{"text":"the","start":4111.81,"end":4111.93},{"text":"out","start":4112.13,"end":4112.29},{"text":"de","start":4112.29,"end":4112.45},{"text":"re","start":4112.45,"end":4112.85},{"text":"out","start":4112.85,"end":4113.09},{"text":"judicare","start":4113.09,"end":4113.89},{"text":"principle,","start":4114.33,"end":4115.09},{"text":"the","start":4115.41,"end":4115.53},{"text":"obligation","start":4115.53,"end":4115.93},{"text":"to","start":4115.93,"end":4116.05},{"text":"extradite","start":4116.05,"end":4116.77},{"text":"or","start":4116.77,"end":4117.17},{"text":"judge.","start":4117.33,"end":4117.81}]},{"text":"This is why Guinea organized the events of September 28, 2009, to combat impunity.","start":4118.69,"end":4125.89,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4118.69,"end":4119.09},{"text":"is","start":4119.09,"end":4119.17},{"text":"why","start":4119.17,"end":4119.49},{"text":"Guinea","start":4119.65,"end":4119.97},{"text":"organized","start":4119.97,"end":4120.69},{"text":"the","start":4120.85,"end":4121.05},{"text":"events","start":4121.73,"end":4122.21},{"text":"of","start":4122.21,"end":4122.45},{"text":"September","start":4122.45,"end":4122.93},{"text":"28,","start":4122.93,"end":4123.53},{"text":"2009,","start":4123.53,"end":4124.37},{"text":"to","start":4124.37,"end":4124.61},{"text":"combat","start":4124.69,"end":4125.17},{"text":"impunity.","start":4125.17,"end":4125.89}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the principle of universal jurisdiction ought to be applied while strictly complying with the primacy of law without prejudice to the obligations stemming from the legal instruments to which states are parties.","start":4126.45,"end":4137.45,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4126.45,"end":4126.73},{"text":"Chair,","start":4126.73,"end":4126.85},{"text":"the","start":4126.85,"end":4126.93},{"text":"principle","start":4126.93,"end":4127.29},{"text":"of","start":4127.29,"end":4127.37},{"text":"universal","start":4127.37,"end":4127.81},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4127.81,"end":4128.37},{"text":"ought","start":4128.37,"end":4128.57},{"text":"to","start":4128.57,"end":4128.65},{"text":"be","start":4128.65,"end":4128.93},{"text":"applied","start":4128.93,"end":4129.57},{"text":"while","start":4129.73,"end":4129.89},{"text":"strictly","start":4129.89,"end":4130.29},{"text":"complying","start":4130.29,"end":4130.77},{"text":"with","start":4130.77,"end":4130.93},{"text":"the","start":4130.93,"end":4131.01},{"text":"primacy","start":4131.01,"end":4131.65},{"text":"of","start":4131.65,"end":4131.81},{"text":"law","start":4131.81,"end":4132.13},{"text":"without","start":4132.13,"end":4132.85},{"text":"prejudice","start":4133.29,"end":4133.77},{"text":"to","start":4133.77,"end":4133.93},{"text":"the","start":4133.93,"end":4134.13},{"text":"obligations","start":4134.13,"end":4134.65},{"text":"stemming","start":4134.65,"end":4134.97},{"text":"from","start":4134.97,"end":4135.29},{"text":"the","start":4135.37,"end":4135.61},{"text":"legal","start":4135.61,"end":4135.97},{"text":"instruments","start":4135.97,"end":4136.41},{"text":"to","start":4136.41,"end":4136.49},{"text":"which","start":4136.49,"end":4136.65},{"text":"states","start":4136.65,"end":4136.89},{"text":"are","start":4136.89,"end":4136.97},{"text":"parties.","start":4136.97,"end":4137.45}]},{"text":"Similarly, a cooperation between states, the requesting and requested state, is crucial under the provisions of the Liubljana-The Hague Convention on International Cooperation for the Investigation and Prosecution of the Crimes of Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes, and Other International Crimes.","start":4137.77,"end":4157.13,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":4137.77,"end":4138.17},{"text":"a","start":4138.17,"end":4138.21},{"text":"cooperation","start":4138.21,"end":4138.61},{"text":"between","start":4138.61,"end":4138.85},{"text":"states,","start":4138.85,"end":4139.37},{"text":"the","start":4139.93,"end":4140.33},{"text":"requesting","start":4140.33,"end":4141.53},{"text":"and","start":4141.53,"end":4141.65},{"text":"requested","start":4141.65,"end":4142.09},{"text":"state,","start":4142.09,"end":4142.49},{"text":"is","start":4143.21,"end":4143.37},{"text":"crucial","start":4143.37,"end":4144.01},{"text":"under","start":4144.17,"end":4144.41},{"text":"the","start":4144.41,"end":4144.61},{"text":"provisions","start":4144.65,"end":4145.29},{"text":"of","start":4145.33,"end":4145.53},{"text":"the","start":4145.53,"end":4145.73},{"text":"Liubljana-The","start":4145.93,"end":4146.45},{"text":"Hague","start":4146.45,"end":4146.69},{"text":"Convention","start":4146.69,"end":4147.29},{"text":"on","start":4147.29,"end":4147.45},{"text":"International","start":4147.45,"end":4148.01},{"text":"Cooperation","start":4148.01,"end":4148.81},{"text":"for","start":4148.81,"end":4149.13},{"text":"the","start":4149.45,"end":4149.53},{"text":"Investigation","start":4149.53,"end":4150.13},{"text":"and","start":4150.13,"end":4150.25},{"text":"Prosecution","start":4150.25,"end":4150.89},{"text":"of","start":4150.89,"end":4151.21},{"text":"the","start":4151.21,"end":4151.33},{"text":"Crimes","start":4151.53,"end":4152.25},{"text":"of","start":4152.25,"end":4152.33},{"text":"Genocide,","start":4152.33,"end":4152.81},{"text":"Crimes","start":4152.81,"end":4153.09},{"text":"Against","start":4153.09,"end":4153.37},{"text":"Humanity,","start":4153.37,"end":4153.93},{"text":"War","start":4154.33,"end":4154.65},{"text":"Crimes,","start":4154.65,"end":4155.05},{"text":"and","start":4155.05,"end":4155.21},{"text":"Other","start":4155.21,"end":4155.53},{"text":"International","start":4155.61,"end":4156.41},{"text":"Crimes.","start":4156.41,"end":4157.13}]},{"text":"To achieve this, An balanced approach based upon consensus, allowing the subsidiary application of universal jurisdiction while respecting sovereignty, nationality, and territorial integrity of states, as well as the immunity of state officials, would be key.","start":4158.89,"end":4175.41,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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closing, my delegation supports continuing discussions within the working group in order to overcome obstacles in terms of substance and procedure, as well as divergences in views of 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my delegation reaffirms the willingness of Guinea to continue to contribute to the work of our Committee and to the International Law Commission as it works to codify and progressively develop international law to better guide the practice of States in a non-binding 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Mali.","start":4208.57,"end":4214.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4208.57,"end":4208.61},{"text":"thank","start":4208.61,"end":4208.89},{"text":"the","start":4208.89,"end":4208.97},{"text":"distinguished","start":4208.97,"end":4209.53},{"text":"representative","start":4209.53,"end":4210.33},{"text":"of","start":4210.33,"end":4210.41},{"text":"Guinea","start":4210.49,"end":4210.89},{"text":"for","start":4210.89,"end":4211.13},{"text":"his","start":4211.13,"end":4211.29},{"text":"statement,","start":4211.29,"end":4211.85},{"text":"and","start":4211.89,"end":4212.01},{"text":"I","start":4212.01,"end":4212.09},{"text":"give","start":4212.09,"end":4212.33},{"text":"the","start":4212.33,"end":4212.45},{"text":"floor","start":4212.49,"end":4212.81},{"text":"to","start":4212.81,"end":4212.97},{"text":"the","start":4212.97,"end":4213.05},{"text":"distinguished","start":4213.05,"end":4213.61},{"text":"representative","start":4213.61,"end":4214.33},{"text":"of","start":4214.37,"end":4214.49},{"text":"Mali.","start":4214.49,"end":4214.97}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, we will move on.","start":4245.28,"end":4246.96,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":4245.28,"end":4245.8},{"text":"delegates,","start":4245.8,"end":4246.24},{"text":"we","start":4246.24,"end":4246.36},{"text":"will","start":4246.36,"end":4246.48},{"text":"move","start":4246.48,"end":4246.72},{"text":"on.","start":4246.72,"end":4246.96}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone.","start":4247.92,"end":4251.8,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4247.92,"end":4248},{"text":"now","start":4248,"end":4248.24},{"text":"give","start":4248.24,"end":4248.44},{"text":"the","start":4248.44,"end":4248.56},{"text":"floor","start":4248.56,"end":4248.88},{"text":"to","start":4248.88,"end":4249.04},{"text":"the","start":4249.04,"end":4249.16},{"text":"distinguished","start":4249.16,"end":4250},{"text":"representative","start":4250.16,"end":4250.96},{"text":"of","start":4250.96,"end":4251.04},{"text":"Sierra","start":4251.04,"end":4251.36},{"text":"Leone.","start":4251.36,"end":4251.8}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":4255.68,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:10:56","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4255.68,"end":4256.48,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4255.68,"end":4256},{"text":"you,","start":4256,"end":4256.08},{"text":"Chair.","start":4256.08,"end":4256.48}]},{"text":"My delegation aligns itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished representative of Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":4257.76,"end":4269.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":4257.76,"end":4257.92},{"text":"delegation","start":4257.92,"end":4258.72},{"text":"aligns","start":4260,"end":4260.4},{"text":"itself","start":4260.4,"end":4260.88},{"text":"with","start":4260.96,"end":4261.2},{"text":"the","start":4261.2,"end":4261.28},{"text":"statement","start":4261.28,"end":4261.72},{"text":"delivered","start":4261.72,"end":4262.08},{"text":"by","start":4262.08,"end":4262.24},{"text":"the","start":4262.24,"end":4262.44},{"text":"distinguished","start":4263.04,"end":4263.56},{"text":"representative","start":4263.56,"end":4264.32},{"text":"of","start":4264.32,"end":4264.48},{"text":"Cameroon","start":4264.48,"end":4265.04},{"text":"on","start":4265.36,"end":4265.52},{"text":"behalf","start":4265.52,"end":4265.76},{"text":"of","start":4265.76,"end":4265.84},{"text":"the","start":4265.84,"end":4265.96},{"text":"African","start":4265.96,"end":4266.32},{"text":"Group","start":4266.32,"end":4266.6},{"text":"and","start":4267.13,"end":4267.33},{"text":"Iran","start":4267.33,"end":4267.85},{"text":"on","start":4267.85,"end":4267.97},{"text":"behalf","start":4267.97,"end":4268.25},{"text":"of","start":4268.25,"end":4268.33},{"text":"the","start":4268.33,"end":4268.45},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":4268.45,"end":4269.13},{"text":"Movement.","start":4269.13,"end":4269.69}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone thanks the Secretary-General for his report on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, as well as the Member States and observers that submitted information on their national legislation, treaty obligations and judicial practice.","start":4270.41,"end":4286.41,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":4270.41,"end":4270.69},{"text":"Leone","start":4270.69,"end":4270.93},{"text":"thanks","start":4270.93,"end":4271.13},{"text":"the","start":4271.13,"end":4271.21},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":4271.21,"end":4271.85},{"text":"for","start":4271.85,"end":4272.01},{"text":"his","start":4272.01,"end":4272.25},{"text":"report","start":4272.25,"end":4272.73},{"text":"on","start":4272.81,"end":4272.93},{"text":"the","start":4272.93,"end":4273.01},{"text":"scope","start":4273.01,"end":4273.37},{"text":"and","start":4273.37,"end":4273.61},{"text":"application","start":4273.61,"end":4274.13},{"text":"of","start":4274.13,"end":4274.25},{"text":"the","start":4274.25,"end":4274.33},{"text":"principle","start":4274.33,"end":4274.77},{"text":"of","start":4274.77,"end":4274.89},{"text":"universal","start":4275.13,"end":4275.65},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":4275.77,"end":4276.49},{"text":"as","start":4276.81,"end":4277.05},{"text":"well","start":4277.05,"end":4277.29},{"text":"as","start":4277.29,"end":4277.61},{"text":"the","start":4277.61,"end":4277.73},{"text":"Member","start":4277.73,"end":4278.17},{"text":"States","start":4278.17,"end":4278.57},{"text":"and","start":4278.81,"end":4278.97},{"text":"observers","start":4278.97,"end":4279.53},{"text":"that","start":4279.53,"end":4279.69},{"text":"submitted","start":4279.69,"end":4280.25},{"text":"information","start":4280.25,"end":4280.89},{"text":"on","start":4281.21,"end":4281.45},{"text":"their","start":4281.45,"end":4281.61},{"text":"national","start":4281.61,"end":4282.13},{"text":"legislation,","start":4282.17,"end":4282.81},{"text":"treaty","start":4283.13,"end":4283.61},{"text":"obligations","start":4283.61,"end":4284.33},{"text":"and","start":4284.57,"end":4284.81},{"text":"judicial","start":4285.13,"end":4285.49},{"text":"practice.","start":4285.49,"end":4286.41}]},{"text":"These contributions underscore both the growing relevance of universal jurisdiction and the continued need for greater clarity consistency, and mutual confidence among states.","start":4286.97,"end":4297.17,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4286.97,"end":4287.29},{"text":"contributions","start":4287.29,"end":4288.01},{"text":"underscore","start":4288.01,"end":4288.57},{"text":"both","start":4288.57,"end":4288.81},{"text":"the","start":4288.81,"end":4288.89},{"text":"growing","start":4288.89,"end":4289.29},{"text":"relevance","start":4289.37,"end":4289.89},{"text":"of","start":4289.89,"end":4290.09},{"text":"universal","start":4290.09,"end":4290.61},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4290.61,"end":4291.29},{"text":"and","start":4291.61,"end":4291.73},{"text":"the","start":4291.73,"end":4291.81},{"text":"continued","start":4291.81,"end":4292.29},{"text":"need","start":4292.29,"end":4292.57},{"text":"for","start":4292.57,"end":4292.73},{"text":"greater","start":4292.73,"end":4293.21},{"text":"clarity","start":4293.29,"end":4293.93},{"text":"consistency,","start":4294.29,"end":4295.17},{"text":"and","start":4295.41,"end":4295.53},{"text":"mutual","start":4295.53,"end":4295.89},{"text":"confidence","start":4295.89,"end":4296.45},{"text":"among","start":4296.45,"end":4296.77},{"text":"states.","start":4296.77,"end":4297.17}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone regards universal jurisdiction as an important principle of international law in the fight against impunity for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community.","start":4297.73,"end":4307.97,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":4297.73,"end":4297.97},{"text":"Leone","start":4297.97,"end":4298.17},{"text":"regards","start":4298.17,"end":4298.61},{"text":"universal","start":4298.77,"end":4299.25},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4299.25,"end":4299.81},{"text":"as","start":4299.89,"end":4300.09},{"text":"an","start":4300.09,"end":4300.17},{"text":"important","start":4300.17,"end":4300.65},{"text":"principle","start":4300.65,"end":4301.09},{"text":"of","start":4301.09,"end":4301.25},{"text":"international","start":4301.25,"end":4302.09},{"text":"law","start":4302.09,"end":4302.17},{"text":"in","start":4302.29,"end":4302.45},{"text":"the","start":4302.45,"end":4302.53},{"text":"fight","start":4302.53,"end":4302.85},{"text":"against","start":4302.85,"end":4303.25},{"text":"impunity","start":4303.25,"end":4303.89},{"text":"for","start":4304.13,"end":4304.29},{"text":"the","start":4304.29,"end":4304.37},{"text":"most","start":4304.37,"end":4304.73},{"text":"serious","start":4304.73,"end":4305.17},{"text":"crimes","start":4305.17,"end":4305.65},{"text":"of","start":4305.73,"end":4305.97},{"text":"concern","start":4305.97,"end":4306.45},{"text":"to","start":4306.69,"end":4306.81},{"text":"the","start":4306.81,"end":4306.89},{"text":"international","start":4306.89,"end":4307.41},{"text":"community.","start":4307.41,"end":4307.97}]},{"text":"For a country that experienced the horrors of civil war and established a special court for Sierra Leone to address grave international crimes, the principle has particular significance.","start":4308.45,"end":4318.69,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4308.45,"end":4308.61},{"text":"a","start":4308.69,"end":4308.73},{"text":"country","start":4308.73,"end":4309.01},{"text":"that","start":4309.01,"end":4309.17},{"text":"experienced","start":4309.25,"end":4309.93},{"text":"the","start":4310.05,"end":4310.17},{"text":"horrors","start":4310.17,"end":4310.53},{"text":"of","start":4310.53,"end":4310.69},{"text":"civil","start":4310.69,"end":4311.01},{"text":"war","start":4311.01,"end":4311.33},{"text":"and","start":4311.77,"end":4311.93},{"text":"established","start":4311.93,"end":4312.45},{"text":"a","start":4312.45,"end":4312.49},{"text":"special","start":4312.49,"end":4312.81},{"text":"court","start":4312.81,"end":4313.05},{"text":"for","start":4313.05,"end":4313.17},{"text":"Sierra","start":4313.17,"end":4313.41},{"text":"Leone","start":4313.41,"end":4313.69},{"text":"to","start":4313.97,"end":4314.17},{"text":"address","start":4314.17,"end":4314.53},{"text":"grave","start":4314.53,"end":4314.85},{"text":"international","start":4314.85,"end":4315.41},{"text":"crimes,","start":4315.41,"end":4315.97},{"text":"the","start":4316.61,"end":4316.73},{"text":"principle","start":4316.77,"end":4317.21},{"text":"has","start":4317.21,"end":4317.49},{"text":"particular","start":4317.49,"end":4317.97},{"text":"significance.","start":4317.97,"end":4318.69}]},{"text":"Accountability is not an abstract ideal.","start":4319.25,"end":4322.17,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Accountability","start":4319.25,"end":4320.05},{"text":"is","start":4320.05,"end":4320.29},{"text":"not","start":4320.29,"end":4320.69},{"text":"an","start":4320.77,"end":4321.01},{"text":"abstract","start":4321.17,"end":4321.73},{"text":"ideal.","start":4321.73,"end":4322.17}]},{"text":"It is a foundation for reconciliation, the rule of law, and durable peace.","start":4322.77,"end":4327.09,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4322.77,"end":4323.01},{"text":"is","start":4323.01,"end":4323.17},{"text":"a","start":4323.33,"end":4323.41},{"text":"foundation","start":4323.41,"end":4323.97},{"text":"for","start":4323.97,"end":4324.13},{"text":"reconciliation,","start":4324.13,"end":4324.93},{"text":"the","start":4325.25,"end":4325.37},{"text":"rule","start":4325.37,"end":4325.53},{"text":"of","start":4325.53,"end":4325.65},{"text":"law,","start":4325.65,"end":4325.97},{"text":"and","start":4326.13,"end":4326.33},{"text":"durable","start":4326.33,"end":4326.69},{"text":"peace.","start":4326.69,"end":4327.09}]},{"text":"At the same time, Sierra Leone believes that universal jurisdiction must be applied carefully, predictably, and in full conformity with international law.","start":4327.65,"end":4337.73,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4372.13,"end":4372.45},{"text":"crimes","start":4372.45,"end":4372.77},{"text":"shock","start":4372.77,"end":4373.09},{"text":"the","start":4373.09,"end":4373.17},{"text":"conscience","start":4373.17,"end":4373.81},{"text":"of","start":4373.81,"end":4373.89},{"text":"humanity","start":4373.89,"end":4374.61},{"text":"and","start":4374.81,"end":4374.93},{"text":"must","start":4374.93,"end":4375.29},{"text":"not","start":4375.29,"end":4375.49},{"text":"go","start":4375.49,"end":4375.73},{"text":"unpunished","start":4375.73,"end":4376.29},{"text":"merely","start":4376.53,"end":4376.85},{"text":"because","start":4376.85,"end":4377.41},{"text":"they","start":4377.49,"end":4377.65},{"text":"were","start":4377.65,"end":4377.81},{"text":"committed","start":4377.81,"end":4378.29},{"text":"beyond","start":4378.29,"end":4378.61},{"text":"the","start":4378.61,"end":4378.69},{"text":"territory","start":4378.69,"end":4379.17},{"text":"of","start":4379.17,"end":4379.25},{"text":"the","start":4379.25,"end":4379.37},{"text":"state","start":4379.37,"end":4379.73},{"text":"where","start":4379.85,"end":4380.13},{"text":"the","start":4380.13,"end":4380.25},{"text":"perpetrator","start":4380.69,"end":4381.25},{"text":"is","start":4381.25,"end":4381.49},{"text":"found.","start":4381.49,"end":4381.81}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone applies the universality principle within a defined and limited scope.","start":4383.01,"end":4388.29,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":4383.01,"end":4383.25},{"text":"Leone","start":4383.25,"end":4383.45},{"text":"applies","start":4383.45,"end":4383.89},{"text":"the","start":4384.09,"end":4384.21},{"text":"universality","start":4384.97,"end":4385.69},{"text":"principle","start":4385.69,"end":4386.21},{"text":"within","start":4386.21,"end":4386.61},{"text":"a","start":4386.61,"end":4386.65},{"text":"defined","start":4386.65,"end":4387.41},{"text":"and","start":4387.41,"end":4387.61},{"text":"limited","start":4387.61,"end":4387.97},{"text":"scope.","start":4387.97,"end":4388.29}]},{"text":"Under our Geneva Convention Act of 2012, Sierra Leone criminalizes specific grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols.","start":4388.69,"end":4397.97,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"CERU","start":4445.21,"end":4445.77},{"text":"supports","start":4445.77,"end":4446.25},{"text":"the","start":4446.25,"end":4446.37},{"text":"view","start":4446.37,"end":4446.73},{"text":"that","start":4446.73,"end":4447.05},{"text":"universal","start":4447.21,"end":4447.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4447.77,"end":4448.49},{"text":"is,","start":4448.89,"end":4449.21},{"text":"in","start":4449.29,"end":4449.49},{"text":"principle,","start":4449.49,"end":4450.09},{"text":"a","start":4450.49,"end":4450.53},{"text":"complementary","start":4450.53,"end":4451.45},{"text":"and","start":4451.45,"end":4451.65},{"text":"exceptional","start":4451.65,"end":4452.13},{"text":"mechanism","start":4452.13,"end":4452.77},{"text":"Primary","start":4453.49,"end":4453.93},{"text":"responsibility","start":4453.93,"end":4454.65},{"text":"for","start":4454.65,"end":4454.81},{"text":"investigation","start":4454.81,"end":4455.61},{"text":"and","start":4455.61,"end":4455.73},{"text":"prosecution","start":4455.73,"end":4456.25},{"text":"rests","start":4456.25,"end":4456.61},{"text":"with","start":4456.61,"end":4456.73},{"text":"the","start":4456.73,"end":4456.81},{"text":"territorial","start":4456.81,"end":4457.25},{"text":"state","start":4457.25,"end":4457.61},{"text":"and","start":4457.85,"end":4458.05},{"text":"the","start":4458.05,"end":4458.13},{"text":"state","start":4458.13,"end":4458.41},{"text":"of","start":4458.41,"end":4458.57},{"text":"nationality.","start":4458.57,"end":4459.29}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction becomes especially important where those states are unwilling or unable generally to investigate or prosecute, or where no other competent forum is available.","start":4459.77,"end":4471.77,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":4459.77,"end":4460.33},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4460.33,"end":4460.97},{"text":"becomes","start":4460.97,"end":4461.85},{"text":"especially","start":4462.17,"end":4462.69},{"text":"important","start":4462.69,"end":4463.45},{"text":"where","start":4463.57,"end":4463.93},{"text":"those","start":4463.93,"end":4464.17},{"text":"states","start":4464.17,"end":4464.53},{"text":"are","start":4464.57,"end":4464.85},{"text":"unwilling","start":4464.85,"end":4465.53},{"text":"or","start":4466.01,"end":4466.45},{"text":"unable","start":4466.45,"end":4466.81},{"text":"generally","start":4466.81,"end":4467.33},{"text":"to","start":4467.33,"end":4467.49},{"text":"investigate","start":4467.49,"end":4468.17},{"text":"or","start":4468.25,"end":4468.49},{"text":"prosecute,","start":4468.49,"end":4469.05},{"text":"or","start":4469.37,"end":4469.53},{"text":"where","start":4469.53,"end":4469.73},{"text":"no","start":4469.73,"end":4470.01},{"text":"other","start":4470.01,"end":4470.25},{"text":"competent","start":4470.25,"end":4470.69},{"text":"forum","start":4470.69,"end":4471.05},{"text":"is","start":4471.05,"end":4471.21},{"text":"available.","start":4471.21,"end":4471.77}]},{"text":"In exercising such jurisdiction, States should apply rigorous safeguards, including judicial independence, the presumption of innocence, the right to a fair trial, due process, protection against arbitrary detention, respect for applicable immunities, and appropriate regard for the principle of ne bis in idem.","start":4472.25,"end":4492.09,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":4492.81,"end":4493.33},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4493.33,"end":4493.77},{"text":"must","start":4493.77,"end":4494.17},{"text":"be","start":4494.17,"end":4494.29},{"text":"exercised","start":4494.29,"end":4494.81},{"text":"impartially,","start":4494.81,"end":4495.61},{"text":"on","start":4495.69,"end":4495.85},{"text":"the","start":4495.85,"end":4495.93},{"text":"basis","start":4495.93,"end":4496.29},{"text":"of","start":4496.29,"end":4496.41},{"text":"evidence","start":4496.41,"end":4497.05},{"text":"and","start":4497.37,"end":4497.57},{"text":"law,","start":4497.57,"end":4497.93},{"text":"not","start":4498.09,"end":4498.41},{"text":"political","start":4498.41,"end":4499.65},{"text":"expediency.","start":4500.57,"end":4501.57}]},{"text":"concerned about the potential misuse or abuse of universal jurisdiction.","start":4502.05,"end":4505.65,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"concerned","start":4502.05,"end":4502.61},{"text":"about","start":4502.61,"end":4502.89},{"text":"the","start":4502.89,"end":4502.97},{"text":"potential","start":4502.97,"end":4503.41},{"text":"misuse","start":4503.41,"end":4503.89},{"text":"or","start":4503.89,"end":4504.05},{"text":"abuse","start":4504.05,"end":4504.41},{"text":"of","start":4504.41,"end":4504.61},{"text":"universal","start":4504.61,"end":4505.09},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4505.09,"end":4505.65}]},{"text":"Such abuse undermines confidence in the principle and risks transforming a tool designed to combat impunity into an instrument of political pressure.","start":4505.97,"end":4514.77,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":4505.97,"end":4506.29},{"text":"abuse","start":4506.29,"end":4506.77},{"text":"undermines","start":4506.77,"end":4507.33},{"text":"confidence","start":4507.33,"end":4507.89},{"text":"in","start":4507.97,"end":4508.17},{"text":"the","start":4508.17,"end":4508.25},{"text":"principle","start":4508.25,"end":4508.77},{"text":"and","start":4508.77,"end":4508.93},{"text":"risks","start":4508.93,"end":4509.17},{"text":"transforming","start":4509.17,"end":4509.81},{"text":"a","start":4509.81,"end":4509.85},{"text":"tool","start":4509.85,"end":4510.25},{"text":"designed","start":4510.25,"end":4510.77},{"text":"to","start":4511.09,"end":4511.17},{"text":"combat","start":4511.17,"end":4511.57},{"text":"impunity","start":4511.57,"end":4512.29},{"text":"into","start":4512.69,"end":4513.01},{"text":"an","start":4513.01,"end":4513.17},{"text":"instrument","start":4513.17,"end":4513.69},{"text":"of","start":4513.69,"end":4513.77},{"text":"political","start":4513.77,"end":4514.21},{"text":"pressure.","start":4514.21,"end":4514.77}]},{"text":"We therefore urge States to apply universal jurisdiction transparently, consistently, and with due respect for the rights and interests of all States concerned.","start":4515.09,"end":4524.21,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4515.09,"end":4515.29},{"text":"therefore","start":4515.29,"end":4515.85},{"text":"urge","start":4515.85,"end":4515.97},{"text":"States","start":4515.97,"end":4516.37},{"text":"to","start":4516.53,"end":4516.69},{"text":"apply","start":4516.69,"end":4517.09},{"text":"universal","start":4517.09,"end":4517.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4517.57,"end":4518.21},{"text":"transparently,","start":4518.37,"end":4519.25},{"text":"consistently,","start":4519.49,"end":4520.29},{"text":"and","start":4520.69,"end":4520.93},{"text":"with","start":4520.93,"end":4521.13},{"text":"due","start":4521.13,"end":4521.49},{"text":"respect","start":4521.49,"end":4521.97},{"text":"for","start":4521.97,"end":4522.13},{"text":"the","start":4522.13,"end":4522.21},{"text":"rights","start":4522.21,"end":4522.53},{"text":"and","start":4522.53,"end":4522.65},{"text":"interests","start":4522.65,"end":4523.09},{"text":"of","start":4523.17,"end":4523.25},{"text":"all","start":4523.25,"end":4523.41},{"text":"States","start":4523.41,"end":4523.69},{"text":"concerned.","start":4523.69,"end":4524.21}]},{"text":"Cherie welcomes the establishment at the 81st session of the Sixth Committee Working Group to continue a thorough discussion of the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, including how the principle is distinct from other related concepts.","start":4524.65,"end":4539.09,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Cherie","start":4524.65,"end":4524.85},{"text":"welcomes","start":4524.85,"end":4525.21},{"text":"the","start":4525.21,"end":4525.29},{"text":"establishment","start":4525.29,"end":4526.13},{"text":"at","start":4526.13,"end":4526.21},{"text":"the","start":4526.21,"end":4526.33},{"text":"81st","start":4526.37,"end":4527.01},{"text":"session","start":4527.25,"end":4527.65},{"text":"of","start":4527.69,"end":4527.89},{"text":"the","start":4527.97,"end":4528.13},{"text":"Sixth","start":4528.13,"end":4528.41},{"text":"Committee","start":4528.41,"end":4528.85},{"text":"Working","start":4528.85,"end":4529.17},{"text":"Group","start":4529.17,"end":4529.41},{"text":"to","start":4529.73,"end":4529.89},{"text":"continue","start":4529.89,"end":4530.33},{"text":"a","start":4530.33,"end":4530.37},{"text":"thorough","start":4530.53,"end":4530.81},{"text":"discussion","start":4530.81,"end":4531.41},{"text":"of","start":4531.49,"end":4531.61},{"text":"the","start":4531.61,"end":4531.69},{"text":"scope","start":4531.69,"end":4532.05},{"text":"and","start":4532.29,"end":4532.45},{"text":"application","start":4532.45,"end":4532.89},{"text":"of","start":4532.89,"end":4533.01},{"text":"universal","start":4533.01,"end":4533.49},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":4533.65,"end":4534.29},{"text":"including","start":4534.61,"end":4535.25},{"text":"how","start":4535.33,"end":4535.57},{"text":"the","start":4535.57,"end":4535.69},{"text":"principle","start":4535.69,"end":4536.13},{"text":"is","start":4536.13,"end":4536.77},{"text":"distinct","start":4537.09,"end":4537.65},{"text":"from","start":4537.65,"end":4537.89},{"text":"other","start":4537.89,"end":4538.17},{"text":"related","start":4538.17,"end":4538.53},{"text":"concepts.","start":4538.53,"end":4539.09}]},{"text":"We encourage the Working Group to focus on practical points of convergence, the categories of crimes to which the principle may apply, the relationship between universal jurisdiction and treaty-based jurisdiction, the role of subsidiarity evidentiary and procedural standards, and the proper treatment of immunity.","start":4539.41,"end":4557.77,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4539.41,"end":4539.61},{"text":"encourage","start":4539.61,"end":4539.97},{"text":"the","start":4539.97,"end":4540.09},{"text":"Working","start":4540.09,"end":4540.37},{"text":"Group","start":4540.37,"end":4540.61},{"text":"to","start":4540.61,"end":4540.73},{"text":"focus","start":4540.73,"end":4541.17},{"text":"on","start":4541.17,"end":4541.49},{"text":"practical","start":4541.65,"end":4542.13},{"text":"points","start":4542.13,"end":4542.45},{"text":"of","start":4542.45,"end":4542.69},{"text":"convergence,","start":4542.69,"end":4543.41},{"text":"the","start":4543.81,"end":4543.97},{"text":"categories","start":4543.97,"end":4544.49},{"text":"of","start":4544.49,"end":4544.61},{"text":"crimes","start":4544.61,"end":4544.97},{"text":"to","start":4544.97,"end":4545.09},{"text":"which","start":4545.09,"end":4545.41},{"text":"the","start":4545.49,"end":4545.61},{"text":"principle","start":4545.61,"end":4546.01},{"text":"may","start":4546.01,"end":4546.13},{"text":"apply,","start":4546.13,"end":4546.61},{"text":"the","start":4547.01,"end":4547.13},{"text":"relationship","start":4547.13,"end":4547.61},{"text":"between","start":4547.61,"end":4547.93},{"text":"universal","start":4547.93,"end":4548.37},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4548.37,"end":4549.09},{"text":"and","start":4549.17,"end":4549.41},{"text":"treaty-based","start":4549.41,"end":4550.21},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":4550.21,"end":4550.85},{"text":"the","start":4551.25,"end":4551.37},{"text":"role","start":4551.37,"end":4551.77},{"text":"of","start":4551.77,"end":4551.85},{"text":"subsidiarity","start":4551.85,"end":4553.09},{"text":"evidentiary","start":4553.45,"end":4554.25},{"text":"and","start":4554.25,"end":4554.45},{"text":"procedural","start":4554.45,"end":4554.97},{"text":"standards,","start":4554.97,"end":4555.61},{"text":"and","start":4555.85,"end":4556.01},{"text":"the","start":4556.01,"end":4556.09},{"text":"proper","start":4556.09,"end":4556.49},{"text":"treatment","start":4556.49,"end":4556.97},{"text":"of","start":4556.97,"end":4557.13},{"text":"immunity.","start":4557.13,"end":4557.77}]},{"text":"We must also distinguish carefully between universal jurisdiction exercised by national courts and the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals, which rest on separate foundations.","start":4558.09,"end":4569.77,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4558.09,"end":4558.29},{"text":"must","start":4558.29,"end":4558.61},{"text":"also","start":4558.61,"end":4559.21},{"text":"distinguish","start":4559.29,"end":4560.01},{"text":"carefully","start":4560.81,"end":4561.37},{"text":"between","start":4561.37,"end":4561.93},{"text":"universal","start":4561.93,"end":4562.49},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4562.49,"end":4563.05},{"text":"exercised","start":4563.05,"end":4563.53},{"text":"by","start":4563.53,"end":4563.65},{"text":"national","start":4563.65,"end":4564.05},{"text":"courts","start":4564.05,"end":4564.41},{"text":"and","start":4564.65,"end":4564.81},{"text":"the","start":4564.81,"end":4564.89},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4564.89,"end":4565.37},{"text":"of","start":4565.37,"end":4565.53},{"text":"international","start":4565.53,"end":4566.09},{"text":"courts","start":4566.09,"end":4566.41},{"text":"and","start":4566.41,"end":4566.53},{"text":"tribunals,","start":4566.53,"end":4567.05},{"text":"which","start":4567.21,"end":4567.53},{"text":"rest","start":4567.53,"end":4567.85},{"text":"on","start":4567.85,"end":4568.01},{"text":"separate","start":4568.01,"end":4568.65},{"text":"foundations.","start":4569.29,"end":4569.77}]},{"text":"CEREN further reiterates a strong interest in ensuring that accountability mechanisms address sexual and gender-based crimes.","start":4569.77,"end":4577.85,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"CEREN","start":4569.77,"end":4570.49},{"text":"further","start":4570.49,"end":4570.77},{"text":"reiterates","start":4570.77,"end":4571.25},{"text":"a","start":4571.25,"end":4571.29},{"text":"strong","start":4571.33,"end":4571.77},{"text":"interest","start":4572.25,"end":4572.73},{"text":"in","start":4572.73,"end":4572.89},{"text":"ensuring","start":4572.89,"end":4573.29},{"text":"that","start":4573.29,"end":4573.53},{"text":"accountability","start":4573.61,"end":4574.65},{"text":"mechanisms","start":4574.65,"end":4575.37},{"text":"address","start":4575.69,"end":4576.05},{"text":"sexual","start":4576.05,"end":4576.49},{"text":"and","start":4576.49,"end":4576.69},{"text":"gender-based","start":4576.69,"end":4577.37},{"text":"crimes.","start":4577.37,"end":4577.85}]},{"text":"Survivors of sexual violence deserve access to justice, effective remedies, reparations, and assistance.","start":4578.21,"end":4584.13,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Survivors","start":4578.21,"end":4578.77},{"text":"of","start":4578.77,"end":4578.89},{"text":"sexual","start":4578.89,"end":4579.21},{"text":"violence","start":4579.21,"end":4579.65},{"text":"deserve","start":4579.65,"end":4580.13},{"text":"access","start":4580.13,"end":4580.45},{"text":"to","start":4580.45,"end":4580.57},{"text":"justice,","start":4580.57,"end":4581.09},{"text":"effective","start":4581.41,"end":4581.89},{"text":"remedies,","start":4581.89,"end":4582.37},{"text":"reparations,","start":4582.53,"end":4583.33},{"text":"and","start":4583.33,"end":4583.57},{"text":"assistance.","start":4583.57,"end":4584.13}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction, where properly grounded in law and applied fairly, can help close accountability gaps for these grave offenses.","start":4584.53,"end":4593.09,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":4584.53,"end":4585.01},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":4585.01,"end":4585.57},{"text":"where","start":4585.65,"end":4585.97},{"text":"properly","start":4585.97,"end":4586.61},{"text":"grounded","start":4587.33,"end":4587.73},{"text":"in","start":4587.73,"end":4587.97},{"text":"law","start":4587.97,"end":4588.33},{"text":"and","start":4588.33,"end":4588.45},{"text":"applied","start":4588.45,"end":4588.77},{"text":"fairly,","start":4588.77,"end":4589.33},{"text":"can","start":4589.49,"end":4589.69},{"text":"help","start":4589.69,"end":4589.97},{"text":"close","start":4589.97,"end":4590.37},{"text":"accountability","start":4590.37,"end":4590.93},{"text":"gaps","start":4590.93,"end":4591.17},{"text":"for","start":4591.33,"end":4591.57},{"text":"these","start":4591.57,"end":4591.89},{"text":"grave","start":4591.89,"end":4592.21},{"text":"offenses.","start":4592.45,"end":4593.09}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone remains committed to advancing international cooperation in this area, consistent with General Assembly resolution 76/304.","start":4593.29,"end":4603.45,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":4593.29,"end":4593.49},{"text":"Leone","start":4593.49,"end":4593.69},{"text":"remains","start":4593.69,"end":4594.05},{"text":"committed","start":4594.05,"end":4594.57},{"text":"to","start":4594.57,"end":4594.65},{"text":"advancing","start":4594.65,"end":4595.45},{"text":"international","start":4595.93,"end":4596.61},{"text":"cooperation","start":4596.61,"end":4597.29},{"text":"in","start":4597.29,"end":4597.45},{"text":"this","start":4597.45,"end":4597.77},{"text":"area,","start":4597.77,"end":4598.17},{"text":"consistent","start":4598.49,"end":4599.09},{"text":"with","start":4599.09,"end":4599.25},{"text":"General","start":4599.61,"end":4599.97},{"text":"Assembly","start":4599.97,"end":4600.29},{"text":"resolution","start":4600.29,"end":4600.73},{"text":"76/304.","start":4601.29,"end":4603.45}]},{"text":"Finally, CERM believes that the Sixth Committee should continue to separate the legal questions from the broader policy concerns surrounding this agenda.","start":4603.69,"end":4612.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":4603.69,"end":4604.33},{"text":"CERM","start":4604.41,"end":4605.01},{"text":"believes","start":4605.01,"end":4605.29},{"text":"that","start":4605.29,"end":4605.45},{"text":"the","start":4605.45,"end":4605.57},{"text":"Sixth","start":4605.57,"end":4605.81},{"text":"Committee","start":4605.81,"end":4606.33},{"text":"should","start":4606.33,"end":4606.57},{"text":"continue","start":4606.57,"end":4607.01},{"text":"to","start":4607.01,"end":4607.13},{"text":"separate","start":4607.13,"end":4607.85},{"text":"the","start":4607.85,"end":4607.97},{"text":"legal","start":4608.01,"end":4608.37},{"text":"questions","start":4608.37,"end":4608.97},{"text":"from","start":4609.25,"end":4609.45},{"text":"the","start":4609.45,"end":4609.53},{"text":"broader","start":4609.53,"end":4609.85},{"text":"policy","start":4609.85,"end":4610.33},{"text":"concerns","start":4610.33,"end":4610.89},{"text":"surrounding","start":4611.13,"end":4611.61},{"text":"this","start":4611.61,"end":4611.85},{"text":"agenda.","start":4611.85,"end":4612.33}]},{"text":"The Committee can address policy and state practice, while the International Law Commission should usefully assist with technical legal analysis, subject to its independence and programme of 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thank you, Madam Chair.","start":4626.09,"end":4627.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4626.09,"end":4626.17},{"text":"thank","start":4626.17,"end":4626.41},{"text":"you,","start":4626.41,"end":4626.53},{"text":"Madam","start":4626.53,"end":4626.81},{"text":"Chair.","start":4626.81,"end":4627.05}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SLE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":4628.57,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:17:09","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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seems the representative is not there.","start":4647.03,"end":4649.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4647.03,"end":4647.19},{"text":"seems","start":4647.19,"end":4647.51},{"text":"the","start":4647.51,"end":4647.63},{"text":"representative","start":4648.31,"end":4649.11},{"text":"is","start":4649.11,"end":4649.35},{"text":"not","start":4649.35,"end":4649.59},{"text":"there.","start":4649.59,"end":4649.91}]},{"text":"We move to the next speaker on our list, the distinguished representative of 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continue to support the need to end impunity and ensure inevitability of punishment for crimes Our state believes that using universal jurisdiction to ensure this inevitability of punishment is only appropriate for cases and certain categories of crimes for which there are general norms of international law that arise from universal international agreements and norms of customary international law.","start":4679.85,"end":4709.97,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"in","start":4711.61,"end":4711.77},{"text":"light","start":4711.77,"end":4711.97},{"text":"of","start":4711.97,"end":4712.09},{"text":"the","start":4712.09,"end":4712.17},{"text":"disagreements","start":4712.17,"end":4712.77},{"text":"and","start":4712.77,"end":4712.89},{"text":"fundamental","start":4712.89,"end":4713.57},{"text":"disagreements","start":4713.57,"end":4714.05},{"text":"sometimes","start":4714.05,"end":4714.37},{"text":"in","start":4714.37,"end":4714.45},{"text":"the","start":4714.45,"end":4714.53},{"text":"purchase","start":4714.53,"end":4714.81},{"text":"of","start":4714.81,"end":4714.89},{"text":"states","start":4714.89,"end":4715.53},{"text":"toward","start":4715.69,"end":4715.93},{"text":"universal","start":4715.93,"end":4716.33},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4716.33,"end":4716.89},{"text":"and","start":4716.89,"end":4717.01},{"text":"attempts","start":4717.01,"end":4717.49},{"text":"to","start":4717.49,"end":4717.85},{"text":"apply","start":4717.93,"end":4718.37},{"text":"it","start":4718.37,"end":4718.57},{"text":"in","start":4718.89,"end":4719.13},{"text":"the","start":4719.13,"end":4719.25},{"text":"broadest","start":4719.25,"end":4719.89},{"text":"sense","start":4719.89,"end":4720.17},{"text":"without","start":4720.17,"end":4720.45},{"text":"taking","start":4720.45,"end":4720.69},{"text":"into","start":4720.69,"end":4720.85},{"text":"account","start":4720.85,"end":4721.09},{"text":"international","start":4721.09,"end":4721.57},{"text":"legal","start":4721.57,"end":4721.77},{"text":"obligations","start":4721.77,"end":4722.41},{"text":"on","start":4722.41,"end":4722.53},{"text":"immunities","start":4722.53,"end":4723.09},{"text":"of","start":4723.09,"end":4723.21},{"text":"state","start":4723.21,"end":4723.53},{"text":"officials,","start":4723.53,"end":4724.17},{"text":"we","start":4724.17,"end":4724.33},{"text":"have","start":4724.33,"end":4724.49},{"text":"to","start":4724.49,"end":4724.61},{"text":"note","start":4724.61,"end":4725.05},{"text":"that","start":4725.29,"end":4725.41},{"text":"the","start":4725.41,"end":4725.53},{"text":"status","start":4725.53,"end":4726.05},{"text":"of","start":4726.05,"end":4726.17},{"text":"the","start":4726.17,"end":4726.25},{"text":"norm","start":4726.25,"end":4726.89},{"text":"of","start":4726.89,"end":4727.21},{"text":"criminal","start":4727.93,"end":4728.29},{"text":"prosecution","start":4728.29,"end":4729.05},{"text":"based","start":4729.05,"end":4729.33},{"text":"on","start":4729.33,"end":4729.41},{"text":"universal","start":4729.41,"end":4729.81},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4729.81,"end":4730.73},{"text":"is","start":4731.53,"end":4731.77},{"text":"hardly--","start":4731.85,"end":4732.25},{"text":"it","start":4732.25,"end":4732.69},{"text":"comes","start":4732.73,"end":4732.97},{"text":"from","start":4732.97,"end":4733.13},{"text":"the","start":4733.17,"end":4733.25},{"text":"customary","start":4733.53,"end":4733.93},{"text":"norm","start":4733.93,"end":4734.09},{"text":"of","start":4734.09,"end":4734.17},{"text":"international","start":4734.17,"end":4734.81},{"text":"law.","start":4734.81,"end":4734.97}]},{"text":"We believe that the main criteria for universal jurisdiction ought to be whether it is in the interest of every member of the international community.","start":4735.45,"end":4745.37,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4735.45,"end":4735.61},{"text":"believe","start":4735.61,"end":4736.17},{"text":"that","start":4736.33,"end":4736.73},{"text":"the","start":4737.69,"end":4737.89},{"text":"main","start":4737.89,"end":4738.09},{"text":"criteria","start":4738.09,"end":4738.73},{"text":"for","start":4738.73,"end":4739.13},{"text":"universal","start":4739.13,"end":4739.53},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4739.53,"end":4740.65},{"text":"ought","start":4740.73,"end":4741.33},{"text":"to","start":4741.33,"end":4741.41},{"text":"be","start":4741.41,"end":4741.57},{"text":"whether","start":4741.57,"end":4742.01},{"text":"it","start":4742.49,"end":4742.81},{"text":"is","start":4742.81,"end":4743.01},{"text":"in","start":4743.01,"end":4743.09},{"text":"the","start":4743.09,"end":4743.17},{"text":"interest","start":4743.17,"end":4743.61},{"text":"of","start":4743.61,"end":4743.69},{"text":"every","start":4743.69,"end":4743.89},{"text":"member","start":4743.89,"end":4744.21},{"text":"of","start":4744.21,"end":4744.29},{"text":"the","start":4744.29,"end":4744.37},{"text":"international","start":4744.37,"end":4744.89},{"text":"community.","start":4744.89,"end":4745.37}]},{"text":"It's clear that at this stage, it's useful to continue our discussions on universal jurisdiction while understanding that this principle can have legal effect only if the international community acknowledges that the crime in question has a universal danger that would justify limiting sovereignty of states.","start":4745.37,"end":4767.69,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":4745.37,"end":4745.61},{"text":"clear","start":4745.61,"end":4745.85},{"text":"that","start":4745.85,"end":4745.97},{"text":"at","start":4745.97,"end":4746.05},{"text":"this","start":4746.05,"end":4746.41},{"text":"stage,","start":4746.49,"end":4747.13},{"text":"it's","start":4747.13,"end":4747.45},{"text":"useful","start":4747.69,"end":4748.01},{"text":"to","start":4748.01,"end":4748.09},{"text":"continue","start":4748.09,"end":4748.53},{"text":"our","start":4748.53,"end":4748.65},{"text":"discussions","start":4748.65,"end":4749.37},{"text":"on","start":4749.37,"end":4749.53},{"text":"universal","start":4749.53,"end":4749.93},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4749.93,"end":4750.73},{"text":"while","start":4750.93,"end":4751.13},{"text":"understanding","start":4751.13,"end":4751.77},{"text":"that","start":4751.77,"end":4751.97},{"text":"this","start":4751.97,"end":4752.17},{"text":"principle","start":4752.17,"end":4752.81},{"text":"can","start":4753.61,"end":4754.01},{"text":"have","start":4754.41,"end":4754.57},{"text":"legal","start":4754.57,"end":4754.81},{"text":"effect","start":4754.81,"end":4755.21},{"text":"only","start":4755.21,"end":4755.85},{"text":"if","start":4755.85,"end":4756.05},{"text":"the","start":4756.05,"end":4756.13},{"text":"international","start":4756.13,"end":4757.05},{"text":"community","start":4757.05,"end":4758.17},{"text":"acknowledges","start":4758.41,"end":4759.45},{"text":"that","start":4760.73,"end":4761.05},{"text":"the","start":4761.21,"end":4761.33},{"text":"crime","start":4761.69,"end":4762.17},{"text":"in","start":4762.17,"end":4762.41},{"text":"question","start":4762.41,"end":4763.05},{"text":"has","start":4763.05,"end":4763.53},{"text":"a","start":4763.89,"end":4763.93},{"text":"universal","start":4763.93,"end":4764.57},{"text":"danger","start":4764.57,"end":4765.01},{"text":"that","start":4765.01,"end":4765.13},{"text":"would","start":4765.13,"end":4765.29},{"text":"justify","start":4765.29,"end":4766.01},{"text":"limiting","start":4766.01,"end":4766.41},{"text":"sovereignty","start":4766.41,"end":4767.05},{"text":"of","start":4767.05,"end":4767.21},{"text":"states.","start":4767.21,"end":4767.69}]},{"text":"In the quickly evolving world, there is a major risk coming from crimes that take place in cyberspace, from fraud and money laundering to recruitment of children to criminal groups and cyber terrorism.","start":4769.37,"end":4783.85,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. 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Speakers argued that international law, including IHL, must keep pace while preserving human control, accountability, and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4784.65,"end":4784.97},{"text":"we're","start":4784.97,"end":4785.13},{"text":"especially","start":4785.13,"end":4785.53},{"text":"concerned","start":4785.53,"end":4786.25},{"text":"about","start":4786.25,"end":4786.57},{"text":"the","start":4786.57,"end":4786.69},{"text":"use","start":4786.69,"end":4787.01},{"text":"of","start":4787.01,"end":4787.13},{"text":"AI","start":4787.37,"end":4787.85},{"text":"for","start":4787.85,"end":4788.01},{"text":"criminal","start":4788.01,"end":4788.37},{"text":"purposes.","start":4788.37,"end":4789.21}]},{"text":"Cybercrime has truly global scope and may be a threat regardless of the location, political or religious views, and other beliefs, as well regardless of the state or group concerned.","start":4790.05,"end":4804.93,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. 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This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. Speakers argued that international law, including IHL, must keep pace while preserving human control, accountability, and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"Belarus","start":4839.81,"end":4840.37},{"text":"calls","start":4840.53,"end":4840.73},{"text":"on","start":4840.73,"end":4840.85},{"text":"all","start":4840.85,"end":4841.01},{"text":"representatives","start":4841.01,"end":4842.05},{"text":"in","start":4842.05,"end":4842.21},{"text":"the","start":4842.21,"end":4842.33},{"text":"Sixth","start":4842.37,"end":4842.77},{"text":"Committee,","start":4842.77,"end":4843.29},{"text":"as","start":4843.29,"end":4843.41},{"text":"well","start":4843.41,"end":4843.65},{"text":"as","start":4843.65,"end":4843.73},{"text":"participants","start":4843.73,"end":4844.25},{"text":"of","start":4844.25,"end":4844.37},{"text":"the","start":4844.37,"end":4844.53},{"text":"working","start":4844.53,"end":4844.93},{"text":"group","start":4844.93,"end":4845.09},{"text":"of","start":4845.09,"end":4845.17},{"text":"the","start":4845.17,"end":4845.25},{"text":"Sixth","start":4845.25,"end":4845.49},{"text":"Committee,","start":4845.49,"end":4845.89},{"text":"to","start":4846.13,"end":4846.29},{"text":"focus","start":4846.29,"end":4846.65},{"text":"their","start":4846.65,"end":4846.77},{"text":"efforts","start":4846.77,"end":4847.05},{"text":"on","start":4847.05,"end":4847.17},{"text":"discussing","start":4847.17,"end":4847.65},{"text":"the","start":4847.65,"end":4847.73},{"text":"application","start":4847.73,"end":4848.09},{"text":"of","start":4848.09,"end":4848.17},{"text":"universal","start":4848.17,"end":4848.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4848.57,"end":4849.25},{"text":"to","start":4849.57,"end":4849.89},{"text":"crimes","start":4850.29,"end":4850.69},{"text":"committed","start":4850.69,"end":4850.97},{"text":"in","start":4850.97,"end":4851.09},{"text":"cyberspace.","start":4851.09,"end":4851.97}]},{"text":"We call on all parties not to forget the importance of fulfilling their obligations under international agreements on the provision of mutual legal assistance, which is the foundation for successful application of universal jurisdiction.","start":4852.13,"end":4863.57,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4852.13,"end":4852.29},{"text":"call","start":4852.29,"end":4852.57},{"text":"on","start":4852.57,"end":4852.69},{"text":"all","start":4852.69,"end":4852.85},{"text":"parties","start":4852.85,"end":4853.25},{"text":"not","start":4853.25,"end":4853.45},{"text":"to","start":4853.45,"end":4853.53},{"text":"forget","start":4853.53,"end":4853.93},{"text":"the","start":4853.93,"end":4854.01},{"text":"importance","start":4854.01,"end":4854.61},{"text":"of","start":4854.65,"end":4854.77},{"text":"fulfilling","start":4854.77,"end":4855.17},{"text":"their","start":4855.17,"end":4855.33},{"text":"obligations","start":4855.33,"end":4856.09},{"text":"under","start":4856.09,"end":4856.33},{"text":"international","start":4856.33,"end":4857.17},{"text":"agreements","start":4857.57,"end":4858.09},{"text":"on","start":4858.09,"end":4858.17},{"text":"the","start":4858.17,"end":4858.25},{"text":"provision","start":4858.25,"end":4858.61},{"text":"of","start":4858.65,"end":4858.77},{"text":"mutual","start":4858.77,"end":4859.13},{"text":"legal","start":4859.13,"end":4859.41},{"text":"assistance,","start":4859.41,"end":4859.93},{"text":"which","start":4859.93,"end":4860.13},{"text":"is","start":4860.13,"end":4860.25},{"text":"the","start":4860.25,"end":4860.33},{"text":"foundation","start":4860.33,"end":4861.09},{"text":"for","start":4861.09,"end":4861.41},{"text":"successful","start":4861.41,"end":4861.85},{"text":"application","start":4861.85,"end":4862.33},{"text":"of","start":4862.33,"end":4862.41},{"text":"universal","start":4862.41,"end":4862.85},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4862.85,"end":4863.57}]},{"text":"Over the last few years, due to fundamental disagreements in the position of states, work on the issue of application of universal jurisdiction has come to an impasse.","start":4864.21,"end":4872.69,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be 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hope that the Institute of the Republic of Belarus will help us to work constructively in this 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Tanzania.","start":4881.81,"end":4889.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4881.81,"end":4881.97},{"text":"thank","start":4881.97,"end":4882.29},{"text":"the","start":4882.29,"end":4882.41},{"text":"distinguished","start":4882.41,"end":4883.01},{"text":"representative","start":4883.01,"end":4883.73},{"text":"of","start":4883.73,"end":4883.81},{"text":"Belarus","start":4883.81,"end":4884.45},{"text":"for","start":4884.45,"end":4884.69},{"text":"the","start":4884.69,"end":4884.77},{"text":"statement,","start":4884.77,"end":4885.45},{"text":"and","start":4885.45,"end":4885.57},{"text":"I","start":4885.57,"end":4885.65},{"text":"give","start":4885.65,"end":4885.81},{"text":"the","start":4885.81,"end":4885.93},{"text":"floor","start":4885.97,"end":4886.29},{"text":"to","start":4886.29,"end":4886.45},{"text":"the","start":4886.45,"end":4886.53},{"text":"distinguished","start":4886.53,"end":4887.09},{"text":"representative","start":4887.09,"end":4887.81},{"text":"of","start":4887.81,"end":4887.89},{"text":"the","start":4887.89,"end":4887.97},{"text":"United","start":4887.97,"end":4888.57},{"text":"Republic","start":4888.57,"end":4889.05},{"text":"of","start":4889.05,"end":4889.17},{"text":"Tanzania.","start":4889.17,"end":4889.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":4891.33,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:21:32","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair.","start":4891.33,"end":4892.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4891.33,"end":4891.81},{"text":"Chair.","start":4891.85,"end":4892.01}]},{"text":"While delivering this statement at its national capacity, Tanzania aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and the African Group, respectively.","start":4893.77,"end":4906.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":4893.77,"end":4894.09},{"text":"delivering","start":4894.09,"end":4894.73},{"text":"this","start":4894.73,"end":4895.09},{"text":"statement","start":4895.09,"end":4895.85},{"text":"at","start":4895.93,"end":4896.25},{"text":"its","start":4896.25,"end":4896.57},{"text":"national","start":4896.57,"end":4896.97},{"text":"capacity,","start":4896.97,"end":4897.77},{"text":"Tanzania","start":4898.25,"end":4898.97},{"text":"aligns","start":4899.01,"end":4899.37},{"text":"itself","start":4899.37,"end":4899.89},{"text":"with","start":4899.89,"end":4900.13},{"text":"the","start":4900.13,"end":4900.25},{"text":"statement","start":4900.25,"end":4900.97},{"text":"delivered","start":4901.05,"end":4901.77},{"text":"on","start":4901.77,"end":4902.01},{"text":"behalf","start":4902.01,"end":4902.49},{"text":"of","start":4902.49,"end":4902.65},{"text":"the","start":4902.65,"end":4902.77},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":4902.77,"end":4903.45},{"text":"Movement","start":4903.45,"end":4904.17},{"text":"and","start":4904.49,"end":4904.69},{"text":"the","start":4904.69,"end":4904.85},{"text":"African","start":4904.89,"end":4905.45},{"text":"Group,","start":4905.45,"end":4905.85},{"text":"respectively.","start":4905.89,"end":4906.81}]},{"text":"Equally important, my delegation commends the Secretary-General for his detailed report contained in document A/81/205.","start":4908.33,"end":4918.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Equally","start":4908.33,"end":4908.69},{"text":"important,","start":4908.69,"end":4909.25},{"text":"my","start":4909.37,"end":4909.53},{"text":"delegation","start":4909.53,"end":4910.25},{"text":"commends","start":4910.25,"end":4910.81},{"text":"the","start":4910.81,"end":4910.97},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":4910.97,"end":4912.01},{"text":"for","start":4912.01,"end":4912.25},{"text":"his","start":4912.25,"end":4912.65},{"text":"detailed","start":4912.77,"end":4913.29},{"text":"report","start":4913.33,"end":4913.85},{"text":"contained","start":4913.85,"end":4914.33},{"text":"in","start":4914.33,"end":4914.41},{"text":"document","start":4914.41,"end":4915.13},{"text":"A/81/205.","start":4915.13,"end":4918.05}]},{"text":"At the outset, I wish to reaffirm Tanzania's commitment to compliance with international law and the rule of law in the fight against impunity in all its forms, and to the principles enshrined in the UN Charter that guarantee the sovereign equality of states.","start":4920.13,"end":4937.81,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4920.13,"end":4920.29},{"text":"the","start":4920.29,"end":4920.53},{"text":"outset,","start":4920.53,"end":4921.17},{"text":"I","start":4921.41,"end":4921.57},{"text":"wish","start":4921.57,"end":4921.81},{"text":"to","start":4921.81,"end":4921.97},{"text":"reaffirm","start":4921.97,"end":4922.61},{"text":"Tanzania's","start":4922.61,"end":4923.25},{"text":"commitment","start":4923.25,"end":4924.01},{"text":"to","start":4924.01,"end":4924.13},{"text":"compliance","start":4924.13,"end":4924.77},{"text":"with","start":4924.77,"end":4925.01},{"text":"international","start":4925.01,"end":4925.97},{"text":"law","start":4925.97,"end":4926.05},{"text":"and","start":4926.05,"end":4926.33},{"text":"the","start":4926.33,"end":4926.41},{"text":"rule","start":4926.41,"end":4926.65},{"text":"of","start":4926.65,"end":4926.77},{"text":"law","start":4926.77,"end":4927.17},{"text":"in","start":4927.17,"end":4927.41},{"text":"the","start":4927.41,"end":4927.53},{"text":"fight","start":4927.57,"end":4927.97},{"text":"against","start":4927.97,"end":4928.45},{"text":"impunity","start":4928.45,"end":4929.29},{"text":"in","start":4929.29,"end":4929.57},{"text":"all","start":4929.57,"end":4929.89},{"text":"its","start":4929.89,"end":4930.21},{"text":"forms,","start":4930.21,"end":4930.77},{"text":"and","start":4931.25,"end":4931.57},{"text":"to","start":4931.57,"end":4931.81},{"text":"the","start":4931.81,"end":4931.97},{"text":"principles","start":4931.97,"end":4932.69},{"text":"enshrined","start":4932.69,"end":4933.33},{"text":"in","start":4933.33,"end":4933.57},{"text":"the","start":4933.57,"end":4933.73},{"text":"UN","start":4933.73,"end":4934.13},{"text":"Charter","start":4934.13,"end":4934.69},{"text":"that","start":4934.69,"end":4935.09},{"text":"guarantee","start":4935.09,"end":4935.65},{"text":"the","start":4935.65,"end":4935.89},{"text":"sovereign","start":4935.89,"end":4936.53},{"text":"equality","start":4936.53,"end":4937.13},{"text":"of","start":4937.13,"end":4937.21},{"text":"states.","start":4937.21,"end":4937.81}]},{"text":"We, however, warn that fighting impunity ad hocly and selectively may lead to even more atrocities, more impunity, and defeating our genuine pursuit of ending impunity.","start":4940.69,"end":4957.29,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":5041.85,"end":5042.21},{"text":"applied","start":5042.21,"end":5042.85},{"text":"properly","start":5042.85,"end":5043.45},{"text":"and","start":5043.57,"end":5043.81},{"text":"in","start":5043.81,"end":5043.97},{"text":"conformity","start":5043.97,"end":5044.69},{"text":"with","start":5044.69,"end":5044.85},{"text":"international","start":5044.85,"end":5045.85},{"text":"law,","start":5045.85,"end":5045.93},{"text":"it","start":5045.97,"end":5046.21},{"text":"can","start":5046.21,"end":5046.53},{"text":"strengthen","start":5046.53,"end":5047.09},{"text":"accountability,","start":5047.09,"end":5048.17},{"text":"uphold","start":5048.37,"end":5049.01},{"text":"justice,","start":5049.01,"end":5049.57},{"text":"and","start":5049.89,"end":5050.13},{"text":"contribute","start":5050.13,"end":5050.97},{"text":"to","start":5050.97,"end":5051.05},{"text":"lasting","start":5051.05,"end":5051.57},{"text":"peace","start":5051.57,"end":5052.05},{"text":"and","start":5052.13,"end":5052.37},{"text":"security.","start":5052.37,"end":5053.09}]},{"text":"If not carefully defined and regulated within acceptable norms and other principles of international law, The unilateral, selective and arbitrary application of the principle of universal jurisdiction by some States and some international institutions may threaten national stability, democracy and international peace and security.","start":5054.29,"end":5079.05,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":5054.29,"end":5054.77},{"text":"not","start":5055.41,"end":5055.73},{"text":"carefully","start":5055.73,"end":5056.29},{"text":"defined","start":5056.29,"end":5056.93},{"text":"and","start":5056.93,"end":5057.17},{"text":"regulated","start":5057.17,"end":5057.89},{"text":"within","start":5057.89,"end":5058.37},{"text":"acceptable","start":5058.37,"end":5059.21},{"text":"norms","start":5059.21,"end":5059.73},{"text":"and","start":5059.73,"end":5060.01},{"text":"other","start":5060.01,"end":5060.45},{"text":"principles","start":5060.45,"end":5061.05},{"text":"of","start":5061.05,"end":5061.17},{"text":"international","start":5061.17,"end":5061.97},{"text":"law,","start":5062.05,"end":5062.17},{"text":"The","start":5062.65,"end":5062.81},{"text":"unilateral,","start":5062.81,"end":5063.73},{"text":"selective","start":5064.01,"end":5064.81},{"text":"and","start":5064.97,"end":5065.25},{"text":"arbitrary","start":5065.29,"end":5065.97},{"text":"application","start":5065.97,"end":5066.69},{"text":"of","start":5066.69,"end":5066.81},{"text":"the","start":5066.81,"end":5066.97},{"text":"principle","start":5066.97,"end":5067.69},{"text":"of","start":5068.93,"end":5069.05},{"text":"universal","start":5069.05,"end":5069.61},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5069.65,"end":5070.41},{"text":"by","start":5070.41,"end":5070.65},{"text":"some","start":5070.65,"end":5071.05},{"text":"States","start":5071.05,"end":5071.61},{"text":"and","start":5071.61,"end":5071.85},{"text":"some","start":5071.85,"end":5072.25},{"text":"international","start":5072.25,"end":5072.97},{"text":"institutions","start":5072.97,"end":5073.77},{"text":"may","start":5074.01,"end":5074.17},{"text":"threaten","start":5074.25,"end":5075.01},{"text":"national","start":5075.01,"end":5075.37},{"text":"stability,","start":5075.37,"end":5076.17},{"text":"democracy","start":5076.17,"end":5077.01},{"text":"and","start":5077.01,"end":5077.21},{"text":"international","start":5077.21,"end":5078.01},{"text":"peace","start":5078.01,"end":5078.25},{"text":"and","start":5078.25,"end":5078.41},{"text":"security.","start":5078.41,"end":5079.05}]},{"text":"Madam Chair.","start":5081.69,"end":5082.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":5081.69,"end":5082.09},{"text":"Chair.","start":5082.09,"end":5082.41}]},{"text":"My delegation believes that any application of universal jurisdiction must respect the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, in particular the sovereign equality and the political independence of states, non-interference in the internal affairs of states.","start":5083.53,"end":5101.45,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5083.53,"end":5083.77},{"text":"delegation","start":5083.77,"end":5084.49},{"text":"believes","start":5084.49,"end":5084.89},{"text":"that","start":5084.89,"end":5085.21},{"text":"any","start":5085.29,"end":5085.57},{"text":"application","start":5085.57,"end":5086.41},{"text":"of","start":5086.41,"end":5086.65},{"text":"universal","start":5086.65,"end":5087.29},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5087.29,"end":5088.01},{"text":"must","start":5088.01,"end":5088.41},{"text":"respect","start":5088.41,"end":5089.05},{"text":"the","start":5089.05,"end":5089.29},{"text":"principles","start":5089.29,"end":5090.01},{"text":"enshrined","start":5090.01,"end":5090.57},{"text":"in","start":5090.57,"end":5090.89},{"text":"the","start":5090.89,"end":5091.01},{"text":"Charter","start":5091.05,"end":5091.57},{"text":"of","start":5091.57,"end":5091.69},{"text":"the","start":5091.69,"end":5091.81},{"text":"United","start":5091.81,"end":5092.33},{"text":"Nations,","start":5092.33,"end":5092.97},{"text":"in","start":5092.97,"end":5093.21},{"text":"particular","start":5093.21,"end":5094.01},{"text":"the","start":5094.01,"end":5094.13},{"text":"sovereign","start":5094.13,"end":5094.81},{"text":"equality","start":5094.81,"end":5095.53},{"text":"and","start":5095.53,"end":5095.73},{"text":"the","start":5095.73,"end":5095.81},{"text":"political","start":5095.81,"end":5096.37},{"text":"independence","start":5096.37,"end":5097.05},{"text":"of","start":5097.05,"end":5097.21},{"text":"states,","start":5097.21,"end":5097.77},{"text":"non-interference","start":5098.17,"end":5099.45},{"text":"in","start":5099.45,"end":5099.61},{"text":"the","start":5099.61,"end":5099.77},{"text":"internal","start":5099.77,"end":5100.25},{"text":"affairs","start":5100.25,"end":5100.73},{"text":"of","start":5100.73,"end":5100.81},{"text":"states.","start":5100.81,"end":5101.45}]},{"text":"Moreover, care should also be taken so that in its application does not violate the immunities granted under international law.","start":5102.89,"end":5112.89,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":5102.89,"end":5103.97},{"text":"care","start":5104.81,"end":5105.13},{"text":"should","start":5105.13,"end":5105.45},{"text":"also","start":5105.61,"end":5106.01},{"text":"be","start":5106.01,"end":5106.17},{"text":"taken","start":5106.17,"end":5106.65},{"text":"so","start":5106.65,"end":5106.89},{"text":"that","start":5106.89,"end":5107.29},{"text":"in","start":5107.29,"end":5107.53},{"text":"its","start":5107.53,"end":5107.85},{"text":"application","start":5107.85,"end":5108.57},{"text":"does","start":5108.57,"end":5108.97},{"text":"not","start":5108.97,"end":5109.37},{"text":"violate","start":5109.37,"end":5109.93},{"text":"the","start":5109.93,"end":5110.17},{"text":"immunities","start":5110.17,"end":5110.97},{"text":"granted","start":5110.97,"end":5111.61},{"text":"under","start":5111.61,"end":5111.93},{"text":"international","start":5111.93,"end":5112.81},{"text":"law.","start":5112.81,"end":5112.89}]},{"text":"to the heads of state, diplomatic personnel and other serving high-ranking officials.","start":5113.45,"end":5118.97,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"to","start":5113.45,"end":5113.61},{"text":"the","start":5113.61,"end":5113.73},{"text":"heads","start":5113.73,"end":5114.09},{"text":"of","start":5114.09,"end":5114.25},{"text":"state,","start":5114.25,"end":5114.73},{"text":"diplomatic","start":5114.81,"end":5115.53},{"text":"personnel","start":5115.53,"end":5116.25},{"text":"and","start":5116.33,"end":5116.49},{"text":"other","start":5116.65,"end":5116.97},{"text":"serving","start":5116.97,"end":5117.45},{"text":"high-ranking","start":5117.45,"end":5118.25},{"text":"officials.","start":5118.25,"end":5118.97}]},{"text":"Tanzania believes that domestic courts are the courts of first instance in the fight against impunity and offences of international concern.","start":5120.01,"end":5129.53,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Tanzania","start":5120.01,"end":5120.61},{"text":"believes","start":5120.61,"end":5120.97},{"text":"that","start":5120.97,"end":5121.37},{"text":"domestic","start":5121.37,"end":5121.97},{"text":"courts","start":5121.97,"end":5122.41},{"text":"are","start":5122.73,"end":5122.97},{"text":"the","start":5123.13,"end":5123.33},{"text":"courts","start":5123.37,"end":5123.69},{"text":"of","start":5123.73,"end":5123.85},{"text":"first","start":5123.85,"end":5124.25},{"text":"instance","start":5124.25,"end":5124.97},{"text":"in","start":5124.97,"end":5125.21},{"text":"the","start":5125.21,"end":5125.33},{"text":"fight","start":5125.33,"end":5125.85},{"text":"against","start":5125.85,"end":5126.25},{"text":"impunity","start":5126.25,"end":5126.97},{"text":"and","start":5126.97,"end":5127.29},{"text":"offences","start":5127.29,"end":5128.09},{"text":"of","start":5128.09,"end":5128.33},{"text":"international","start":5128.33,"end":5129.05},{"text":"concern.","start":5129.05,"end":5129.53}]},{"text":"As such, the principle of universal jurisdiction may be invoked only when domestic authorities are unwilling or unable to investigate and prosecute the alleged offenders.","start":5130.45,"end":5144.05,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5130.45,"end":5130.65},{"text":"such,","start":5130.65,"end":5131.17},{"text":"the","start":5131.49,"end":5131.73},{"text":"principle","start":5131.73,"end":5132.25},{"text":"of","start":5132.25,"end":5132.37},{"text":"universal","start":5132.37,"end":5132.97},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5132.97,"end":5133.65},{"text":"may","start":5133.73,"end":5133.97},{"text":"be","start":5133.97,"end":5134.29},{"text":"invoked","start":5134.29,"end":5134.93},{"text":"only","start":5135.01,"end":5135.37},{"text":"when","start":5135.37,"end":5135.65},{"text":"domestic","start":5135.65,"end":5136.37},{"text":"authorities","start":5136.37,"end":5137.25},{"text":"are","start":5137.33,"end":5137.61},{"text":"unwilling","start":5137.61,"end":5138.29},{"text":"or","start":5138.29,"end":5138.57},{"text":"unable","start":5138.57,"end":5139.41},{"text":"to","start":5139.65,"end":5139.77},{"text":"investigate","start":5139.81,"end":5140.69},{"text":"and","start":5140.69,"end":5140.93},{"text":"prosecute","start":5141.73,"end":5142.45},{"text":"the","start":5142.45,"end":5142.73},{"text":"alleged","start":5142.77,"end":5143.25},{"text":"offenders.","start":5143.25,"end":5144.05}]},{"text":"Therefore, the principle of universal jurisdiction should be applied only as a complementary principle.","start":5144.93,"end":5151.89,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5144.93,"end":5145.57},{"text":"the","start":5145.89,"end":5146.05},{"text":"principle","start":5146.05,"end":5146.61},{"text":"of","start":5146.89,"end":5147.09},{"text":"universal","start":5147.09,"end":5147.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5147.69,"end":5148.37},{"text":"should","start":5148.37,"end":5148.69},{"text":"be","start":5148.69,"end":5148.93},{"text":"applied","start":5148.93,"end":5149.57},{"text":"only","start":5149.57,"end":5150.05},{"text":"as","start":5150.05,"end":5150.29},{"text":"a","start":5150.29,"end":5150.33},{"text":"complementary","start":5150.33,"end":5151.25},{"text":"principle.","start":5151.25,"end":5151.89}]},{"text":"Any state seeking to exercise universal jurisdiction must have a concrete link to the facts or the parties concerned, such as the presence of the accused or the victim in its territory.","start":5152.85,"end":5166.69,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":5152.85,"end":5153.17},{"text":"state","start":5153.17,"end":5153.65},{"text":"seeking","start":5153.65,"end":5154.21},{"text":"to","start":5154.21,"end":5154.37},{"text":"exercise","start":5154.37,"end":5155.09},{"text":"universal","start":5155.09,"end":5155.73},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5155.77,"end":5156.45},{"text":"must","start":5156.45,"end":5156.85},{"text":"have","start":5156.85,"end":5157.33},{"text":"a","start":5157.41,"end":5157.45},{"text":"concrete","start":5157.45,"end":5158.05},{"text":"link","start":5158.05,"end":5158.33},{"text":"to","start":5158.33,"end":5158.49},{"text":"the","start":5158.49,"end":5158.65},{"text":"facts","start":5158.65,"end":5159.25},{"text":"or","start":5159.57,"end":5159.81},{"text":"the","start":5159.81,"end":5159.93},{"text":"parties","start":5159.97,"end":5160.45},{"text":"concerned,","start":5160.45,"end":5161.17},{"text":"such","start":5161.57,"end":5162.05},{"text":"as","start":5162.13,"end":5162.25},{"text":"the","start":5162.25,"end":5162.41},{"text":"presence","start":5162.45,"end":5163.57},{"text":"of","start":5163.61,"end":5163.73},{"text":"the","start":5163.73,"end":5163.93},{"text":"accused","start":5163.97,"end":5164.49},{"text":"or","start":5164.53,"end":5164.69},{"text":"the","start":5164.69,"end":5164.85},{"text":"victim","start":5164.85,"end":5165.49},{"text":"in","start":5165.49,"end":5165.73},{"text":"its","start":5165.73,"end":5166.05},{"text":"territory.","start":5166.05,"end":5166.69}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction should not justify prosecution in absentia, forum shopping, or the unwarranted interference in the internal affairs of other states.","start":5167.17,"end":5179.49,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":5167.17,"end":5167.81},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5167.85,"end":5168.61},{"text":"should","start":5168.61,"end":5168.85},{"text":"not","start":5168.85,"end":5169.33},{"text":"justify","start":5169.41,"end":5170.29},{"text":"prosecution","start":5170.29,"end":5171.25},{"text":"in","start":5171.25,"end":5171.57},{"text":"absentia,","start":5171.57,"end":5172.37},{"text":"forum","start":5172.77,"end":5173.17},{"text":"shopping,","start":5173.17,"end":5173.81},{"text":"or","start":5174.21,"end":5174.53},{"text":"the","start":5174.53,"end":5174.65},{"text":"unwarranted","start":5174.69,"end":5176.13},{"text":"interference","start":5176.13,"end":5177.09},{"text":"in","start":5177.09,"end":5177.21},{"text":"the","start":5177.21,"end":5177.33},{"text":"internal","start":5177.33,"end":5177.81},{"text":"affairs","start":5177.81,"end":5178.37},{"text":"of","start":5178.37,"end":5178.61},{"text":"other","start":5178.61,"end":5178.97},{"text":"states.","start":5178.97,"end":5179.49}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, It is within this understanding that my delegation welcomes the decision of the General Assembly at its 79th session to establish a working group to continue to undertake a thorough discussion on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, as well as to consider and comment on the question how the principle of universal jurisdiction is distinctive from other related concepts.","start":5181.73,"end":5212.33,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":5181.73,"end":5182.13},{"text":"Chair,","start":5182.13,"end":5182.45},{"text":"It","start":5183.05,"end":5183.29},{"text":"is","start":5183.29,"end":5183.85},{"text":"within","start":5183.85,"end":5184.33},{"text":"this","start":5184.33,"end":5184.65},{"text":"understanding","start":5184.65,"end":5185.37},{"text":"that","start":5185.37,"end":5185.69},{"text":"my","start":5185.69,"end":5185.93},{"text":"delegation","start":5185.93,"end":5186.65},{"text":"welcomes","start":5186.65,"end":5187.45},{"text":"the","start":5187.45,"end":5187.65},{"text":"decision","start":5187.65,"end":5188.25},{"text":"of","start":5188.25,"end":5188.37},{"text":"the","start":5188.37,"end":5188.49},{"text":"General","start":5188.49,"end":5188.93},{"text":"Assembly","start":5188.93,"end":5189.53},{"text":"at","start":5189.53,"end":5189.93},{"text":"its","start":5189.93,"end":5190.81},{"text":"79th","start":5191.61,"end":5192.25},{"text":"session","start":5192.25,"end":5192.81},{"text":"to","start":5192.81,"end":5193.05},{"text":"establish","start":5193.09,"end":5193.93},{"text":"a","start":5194.09,"end":5194.13},{"text":"working","start":5194.13,"end":5194.65},{"text":"group","start":5194.65,"end":5195.05},{"text":"to","start":5195.13,"end":5195.33},{"text":"continue","start":5195.33,"end":5195.97},{"text":"to","start":5196.01,"end":5196.13},{"text":"undertake","start":5196.17,"end":5196.89},{"text":"a","start":5196.97,"end":5197.01},{"text":"thorough","start":5197.01,"end":5197.37},{"text":"discussion","start":5197.37,"end":5198.25},{"text":"on","start":5198.25,"end":5198.41},{"text":"the","start":5198.41,"end":5198.57},{"text":"scope","start":5198.57,"end":5199.05},{"text":"and","start":5199.37,"end":5199.61},{"text":"application","start":5199.61,"end":5200.41},{"text":"of","start":5200.41,"end":5200.65},{"text":"universal","start":5200.65,"end":5201.33},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5201.33,"end":5202.09},{"text":"as","start":5202.49,"end":5202.81},{"text":"well","start":5202.81,"end":5203.21},{"text":"as","start":5203.21,"end":5203.37},{"text":"to","start":5203.37,"end":5203.53},{"text":"consider","start":5203.53,"end":5204.25},{"text":"and","start":5204.25,"end":5204.49},{"text":"comment","start":5204.49,"end":5205.13},{"text":"on","start":5205.17,"end":5205.29},{"text":"the","start":5205.29,"end":5205.45},{"text":"question","start":5205.45,"end":5206.09},{"text":"how","start":5206.33,"end":5206.65},{"text":"the","start":5206.73,"end":5206.89},{"text":"principle","start":5206.89,"end":5207.49},{"text":"of","start":5207.49,"end":5207.57},{"text":"universal","start":5207.57,"end":5208.09},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5208.17,"end":5208.89},{"text":"is","start":5209.29,"end":5209.53},{"text":"distinctive","start":5209.53,"end":5210.25},{"text":"from","start":5210.25,"end":5210.61},{"text":"other","start":5210.65,"end":5210.85},{"text":"related","start":5210.85,"end":5211.61},{"text":"concepts.","start":5211.61,"end":5212.33}]},{"text":"We look forward to further constructive debate on this question in a collective bid to reach consensus on the application of this principle.","start":5213.13,"end":5223.61,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5213.13,"end":5213.37},{"text":"look","start":5213.37,"end":5213.69},{"text":"forward","start":5213.69,"end":5214.17},{"text":"to","start":5214.17,"end":5214.41},{"text":"further","start":5214.41,"end":5214.81},{"text":"constructive","start":5214.81,"end":5215.61},{"text":"debate","start":5215.69,"end":5216.33},{"text":"on","start":5216.33,"end":5216.57},{"text":"this","start":5216.57,"end":5216.89},{"text":"question","start":5216.89,"end":5217.45},{"text":"in","start":5217.85,"end":5218.17},{"text":"a","start":5218.17,"end":5218.21},{"text":"collective","start":5218.21,"end":5218.89},{"text":"bid","start":5218.89,"end":5219.29},{"text":"to","start":5219.29,"end":5219.49},{"text":"reach","start":5220.05,"end":5220.41},{"text":"consensus","start":5220.41,"end":5221.21},{"text":"on","start":5221.25,"end":5221.45},{"text":"the","start":5221.45,"end":5221.57},{"text":"application","start":5221.57,"end":5222.49},{"text":"of","start":5222.49,"end":5222.73},{"text":"this","start":5222.73,"end":5222.97},{"text":"principle.","start":5222.97,"end":5223.61}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction is complex.","start":5225.13,"end":5231.37,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":5225.13,"end":5225.53},{"text":"Chair,","start":5225.53,"end":5225.85},{"text":"the","start":5226.81,"end":5227.05},{"text":"scope","start":5227.05,"end":5227.53},{"text":"and","start":5227.53,"end":5227.73},{"text":"application","start":5227.73,"end":5228.37},{"text":"of","start":5228.37,"end":5228.45},{"text":"the","start":5228.45,"end":5228.57},{"text":"principle","start":5228.57,"end":5229.09},{"text":"of","start":5229.09,"end":5229.21},{"text":"universal","start":5229.21,"end":5229.81},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5229.81,"end":5230.53},{"text":"is","start":5230.53,"end":5230.65},{"text":"complex.","start":5230.65,"end":5231.37}]},{"text":"Therefore, ensuring clarity and practicability in applying universal jurisdiction is critical to safeguarding the rule of law and maintaining international peace and security.","start":5231.97,"end":5244.89,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5231.97,"end":5232.45},{"text":"ensuring","start":5232.53,"end":5233.17},{"text":"clarity","start":5233.17,"end":5234.89},{"text":"and","start":5234.89,"end":5235.01},{"text":"practicability","start":5235.37,"end":5236.69},{"text":"in","start":5236.85,"end":5237.13},{"text":"applying","start":5237.13,"end":5237.65},{"text":"universal","start":5237.65,"end":5238.25},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5238.25,"end":5239.01},{"text":"is","start":5239.01,"end":5239.25},{"text":"critical","start":5239.25,"end":5239.81},{"text":"to","start":5239.81,"end":5239.97},{"text":"safeguarding","start":5239.97,"end":5240.69},{"text":"the","start":5240.69,"end":5240.85},{"text":"rule","start":5240.93,"end":5241.21},{"text":"of","start":5241.21,"end":5241.33},{"text":"law","start":5241.33,"end":5241.65},{"text":"and","start":5241.89,"end":5242.21},{"text":"maintaining","start":5242.21,"end":5242.93},{"text":"international","start":5242.93,"end":5243.69},{"text":"peace","start":5243.69,"end":5244.05},{"text":"and","start":5244.05,"end":5244.25},{"text":"security.","start":5244.25,"end":5244.89}]},{"text":"In this regard, the universal jurisdiction must not be invoked without due regard to other principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, such as sovereignty, sovereign equality among states, the principle of non-interference, and immunity of state officials.","start":5245.33,"end":5265.01,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5245.33,"end":5245.49},{"text":"this","start":5245.49,"end":5245.81},{"text":"regard,","start":5245.81,"end":5246.29},{"text":"the","start":5246.53,"end":5246.73},{"text":"universal","start":5246.73,"end":5247.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5247.85,"end":5248.53},{"text":"must","start":5248.61,"end":5248.93},{"text":"not","start":5248.93,"end":5249.25},{"text":"be","start":5249.25,"end":5249.49},{"text":"invoked","start":5249.49,"end":5250.13},{"text":"without","start":5250.45,"end":5251.17},{"text":"due","start":5251.17,"end":5251.65},{"text":"regard","start":5251.65,"end":5252.37},{"text":"to","start":5252.61,"end":5252.77},{"text":"other","start":5252.77,"end":5253.09},{"text":"principles","start":5253.09,"end":5253.81},{"text":"enshrined","start":5253.81,"end":5254.45},{"text":"in","start":5254.45,"end":5254.61},{"text":"the","start":5254.61,"end":5254.81},{"text":"Charter","start":5254.81,"end":5255.29},{"text":"of","start":5255.29,"end":5255.41},{"text":"the","start":5255.41,"end":5255.53},{"text":"United","start":5255.53,"end":5256.05},{"text":"Nations,","start":5256.05,"end":5256.69},{"text":"such","start":5256.93,"end":5257.33},{"text":"as","start":5257.33,"end":5257.65},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":5257.65,"end":5258.49},{"text":"sovereign","start":5259.01,"end":5259.53},{"text":"equality","start":5259.53,"end":5260.05},{"text":"among","start":5260.05,"end":5260.37},{"text":"states,","start":5260.37,"end":5260.85},{"text":"the","start":5260.85,"end":5261.09},{"text":"principle","start":5261.09,"end":5261.65},{"text":"of","start":5261.65,"end":5261.73},{"text":"non-interference,","start":5261.73,"end":5262.93},{"text":"and","start":5262.93,"end":5263.21},{"text":"immunity","start":5263.21,"end":5263.73},{"text":"of","start":5263.73,"end":5263.89},{"text":"state","start":5263.89,"end":5264.29},{"text":"officials.","start":5264.29,"end":5265.01}]},{"text":"I thank you for your kind attention.","start":5265.33,"end":5267.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5265.33,"end":5265.49},{"text":"thank","start":5265.49,"end":5265.81},{"text":"you","start":5265.81,"end":5265.97},{"text":"for","start":5265.97,"end":5266.09},{"text":"your","start":5266.09,"end":5266.21},{"text":"kind","start":5266.21,"end":5266.53},{"text":"attention.","start":5266.53,"end":5267.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"TZA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United Republic of Tanzania"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":5268.93,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:27:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Tanzania for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kenya.","start":5268.93,"end":5276.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5268.93,"end":5269.01},{"text":"thank","start":5269.01,"end":5269.25},{"text":"the","start":5269.25,"end":5269.33},{"text":"distinguished","start":5269.33,"end":5269.97},{"text":"representative","start":5269.97,"end":5270.93},{"text":"of","start":5270.93,"end":5271.01},{"text":"Tanzania","start":5271.01,"end":5271.65},{"text":"for","start":5271.65,"end":5271.97},{"text":"his","start":5271.97,"end":5272.21},{"text":"statement,","start":5272.21,"end":5272.81},{"text":"and","start":5272.81,"end":5273.05},{"text":"I","start":5273.05,"end":5273.09},{"text":"give","start":5273.09,"end":5273.33},{"text":"the","start":5273.33,"end":5273.41},{"text":"floor","start":5273.41,"end":5273.81},{"text":"to","start":5273.81,"end":5273.97},{"text":"the","start":5273.97,"end":5274.09},{"text":"distinguished","start":5274.09,"end":5274.69},{"text":"representative","start":5274.69,"end":5275.57},{"text":"of","start":5275.57,"end":5275.73},{"text":"Kenya.","start":5275.73,"end":5276.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":5283.25,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:28:04","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam President. Madam Chair, Kenya aligns itself with the statements delivered by the distinguished representative of Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and the distinguished delegate of Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and wishes to add the following in its national capacity.","start":5283.25,"end":5305.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5283.25,"end":5283.49},{"text":"you,","start":5283.49,"end":5283.57},{"text":"Madam","start":5283.57,"end":5283.85},{"text":"President.","start":5284.45,"end":5285.01},{"text":"Madam","start":5286.25,"end":5287.37},{"text":"Chair,","start":5287.37,"end":5287.69},{"text":"Kenya","start":5288.09,"end":5288.45},{"text":"aligns","start":5288.45,"end":5288.73},{"text":"itself","start":5288.73,"end":5289.21},{"text":"with","start":5289.21,"end":5289.33},{"text":"the","start":5289.33,"end":5289.41},{"text":"statements","start":5289.41,"end":5289.89},{"text":"delivered","start":5289.89,"end":5290.37},{"text":"by","start":5290.37,"end":5290.57},{"text":"the","start":5290.57,"end":5290.73},{"text":"distinguished","start":5290.81,"end":5291.69},{"text":"representative","start":5291.69,"end":5292.73},{"text":"of","start":5292.73,"end":5292.97},{"text":"Cameroon","start":5292.97,"end":5293.45},{"text":"on","start":5293.45,"end":5293.61},{"text":"behalf","start":5293.61,"end":5293.89},{"text":"of","start":5293.89,"end":5294.09},{"text":"the","start":5294.09,"end":5294.21},{"text":"African","start":5294.21,"end":5294.65},{"text":"Group","start":5294.65,"end":5294.97},{"text":"and","start":5295.85,"end":5296.05},{"text":"the","start":5296.05,"end":5296.13},{"text":"distinguished","start":5296.13,"end":5296.65},{"text":"delegate","start":5296.65,"end":5297.17},{"text":"of","start":5297.17,"end":5297.29},{"text":"Islamic","start":5297.29,"end":5297.77},{"text":"Republic","start":5297.77,"end":5298.25},{"text":"of","start":5298.25,"end":5298.37},{"text":"Iran","start":5298.37,"end":5298.81},{"text":"on","start":5299.29,"end":5299.45},{"text":"behalf","start":5299.45,"end":5299.73},{"text":"of","start":5299.73,"end":5300.17},{"text":"the","start":5300.33,"end":5300.53},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":5300.57,"end":5301.21},{"text":"Movement","start":5301.21,"end":5301.69},{"text":"and","start":5301.69,"end":5301.85},{"text":"wishes","start":5301.85,"end":5302.17},{"text":"to","start":5302.17,"end":5302.33},{"text":"add","start":5302.33,"end":5302.57},{"text":"the","start":5302.57,"end":5302.73},{"text":"following","start":5302.73,"end":5303.37},{"text":"in","start":5303.77,"end":5303.93},{"text":"its","start":5303.93,"end":5304.09},{"text":"national","start":5304.09,"end":5304.45},{"text":"capacity.","start":5304.45,"end":5305.05}]},{"text":"Universal crimes are often subject to universal jurisdiction under the law of nations, meaning that nations have the right or indeed the duty to prosecute offenders regardless of where the crime is committed or took place.","start":5306.01,"end":5322.53,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":5306.01,"end":5306.69},{"text":"crimes","start":5306.73,"end":5307.29},{"text":"are","start":5307.29,"end":5307.49},{"text":"often","start":5307.49,"end":5307.93},{"text":"subject","start":5307.93,"end":5308.37},{"text":"to","start":5308.37,"end":5308.45},{"text":"universal","start":5308.45,"end":5309.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5309.05,"end":5309.65},{"text":"under","start":5309.65,"end":5309.85},{"text":"the","start":5309.85,"end":5309.97},{"text":"law","start":5309.97,"end":5310.13},{"text":"of","start":5310.13,"end":5310.25},{"text":"nations,","start":5310.25,"end":5310.89},{"text":"meaning","start":5310.89,"end":5311.29},{"text":"that","start":5311.29,"end":5311.61},{"text":"nations","start":5311.61,"end":5312.33},{"text":"have","start":5312.33,"end":5312.65},{"text":"the","start":5312.65,"end":5312.73},{"text":"right","start":5312.73,"end":5313.21},{"text":"or","start":5313.89,"end":5314.01},{"text":"indeed","start":5314.01,"end":5314.37},{"text":"the","start":5314.37,"end":5314.45},{"text":"duty","start":5314.45,"end":5314.81},{"text":"to","start":5314.81,"end":5314.89},{"text":"prosecute","start":5314.93,"end":5315.57},{"text":"offenders","start":5315.57,"end":5316.21},{"text":"regardless","start":5317.09,"end":5317.61},{"text":"of","start":5317.61,"end":5317.69},{"text":"where","start":5317.69,"end":5318.21},{"text":"the","start":5318.69,"end":5318.81},{"text":"crime","start":5318.85,"end":5319.29},{"text":"is","start":5319.29,"end":5319.41},{"text":"committed","start":5319.41,"end":5319.97},{"text":"or","start":5321.65,"end":5321.89},{"text":"took","start":5321.89,"end":5322.13},{"text":"place.","start":5322.13,"end":5322.53}]},{"text":"This law of nations is synonymous with the customary international law, which derives from the general concept, customs, and shared practices of states.","start":5323.41,"end":5332.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5323.41,"end":5323.73},{"text":"law","start":5323.73,"end":5323.85},{"text":"of","start":5323.85,"end":5323.97},{"text":"nations","start":5323.97,"end":5324.61},{"text":"is","start":5324.85,"end":5325.01},{"text":"synonymous","start":5325.01,"end":5325.57},{"text":"with","start":5325.57,"end":5325.73},{"text":"the","start":5325.73,"end":5325.81},{"text":"customary","start":5325.81,"end":5326.25},{"text":"international","start":5326.25,"end":5327.09},{"text":"law,","start":5327.09,"end":5327.17},{"text":"which","start":5327.61,"end":5328.05},{"text":"derives","start":5328.13,"end":5328.77},{"text":"from","start":5328.77,"end":5329.01},{"text":"the","start":5329.01,"end":5329.13},{"text":"general","start":5329.13,"end":5329.53},{"text":"concept,","start":5329.53,"end":5330.13},{"text":"customs,","start":5330.21,"end":5330.81},{"text":"and","start":5331.01,"end":5331.25},{"text":"shared","start":5331.25,"end":5331.65},{"text":"practices","start":5331.65,"end":5332.33},{"text":"of","start":5332.33,"end":5332.45},{"text":"states.","start":5332.45,"end":5332.93}]},{"text":"The doctrine of universal jurisdiction allows any nation to try certain offenders who have committed international crimes, even if the crime The defendant and the victims have no nexus with the state carrying out the prosecution.","start":5334.21,"end":5348.89,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5334.21,"end":5334.41},{"text":"doctrine","start":5334.41,"end":5334.77},{"text":"of","start":5334.77,"end":5334.85},{"text":"universal","start":5334.85,"end":5335.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5335.65,"end":5336.25},{"text":"allows","start":5336.25,"end":5336.69},{"text":"any","start":5336.69,"end":5336.89},{"text":"nation","start":5336.89,"end":5337.25},{"text":"to","start":5337.25,"end":5337.37},{"text":"try","start":5337.37,"end":5337.65},{"text":"certain","start":5337.65,"end":5337.97},{"text":"offenders","start":5337.97,"end":5338.61},{"text":"who","start":5338.77,"end":5339.01},{"text":"have","start":5339.01,"end":5339.25},{"text":"committed","start":5339.25,"end":5339.81},{"text":"international","start":5339.81,"end":5340.37},{"text":"crimes,","start":5340.37,"end":5340.93},{"text":"even","start":5341.57,"end":5341.89},{"text":"if","start":5341.89,"end":5341.97},{"text":"the","start":5341.97,"end":5342.13},{"text":"crime","start":5342.13,"end":5342.61},{"text":"The","start":5343.13,"end":5343.25},{"text":"defendant","start":5343.25,"end":5343.81},{"text":"and","start":5343.81,"end":5343.97},{"text":"the","start":5343.97,"end":5344.13},{"text":"victims","start":5344.13,"end":5344.89},{"text":"have","start":5345.05,"end":5345.37},{"text":"no","start":5345.37,"end":5345.77},{"text":"nexus","start":5345.77,"end":5346.33},{"text":"with","start":5346.33,"end":5346.53},{"text":"the","start":5346.53,"end":5346.61},{"text":"state","start":5346.61,"end":5347.13},{"text":"carrying","start":5347.37,"end":5347.77},{"text":"out","start":5347.77,"end":5348.01},{"text":"the","start":5348.01,"end":5348.17},{"text":"prosecution.","start":5348.17,"end":5348.89}]},{"text":"This is meant to ensure that perpetrators of the most heinous crimes do not escape justice or punishment.","start":5349.77,"end":5356.01,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5349.77,"end":5350.09},{"text":"is","start":5350.09,"end":5350.25},{"text":"meant","start":5350.25,"end":5350.53},{"text":"to","start":5350.53,"end":5350.61},{"text":"ensure","start":5350.61,"end":5351.05},{"text":"that","start":5351.05,"end":5351.29},{"text":"perpetrators","start":5351.29,"end":5352.05},{"text":"of","start":5352.05,"end":5352.17},{"text":"the","start":5352.17,"end":5352.25},{"text":"most","start":5352.25,"end":5352.53},{"text":"heinous","start":5352.53,"end":5352.97},{"text":"crimes","start":5352.97,"end":5353.61},{"text":"do","start":5353.61,"end":5353.85},{"text":"not","start":5353.85,"end":5354.09},{"text":"escape","start":5354.09,"end":5354.41},{"text":"justice","start":5354.41,"end":5355.05},{"text":"or","start":5355.13,"end":5355.29},{"text":"punishment.","start":5355.29,"end":5356.01}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, for hundreds of years, the doctrine applied exclusively to maritime piracy.","start":5356.73,"end":5361.85,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":5356.73,"end":5356.97},{"text":"Chair,","start":5356.97,"end":5357.29},{"text":"for","start":5357.29,"end":5357.49},{"text":"hundreds","start":5357.49,"end":5357.97},{"text":"of","start":5357.97,"end":5358.09},{"text":"years,","start":5358.09,"end":5358.73},{"text":"the","start":5359.05,"end":5359.25},{"text":"doctrine","start":5359.25,"end":5359.69},{"text":"applied","start":5359.69,"end":5360.17},{"text":"exclusively","start":5360.17,"end":5360.73},{"text":"to","start":5360.73,"end":5360.85},{"text":"maritime","start":5360.85,"end":5361.21},{"text":"piracy.","start":5361.21,"end":5361.85}]},{"text":"In recent decades, however, universal jurisdiction has been applied by national courts to prosecute other core crimes, that is war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, and torture.","start":5362.73,"end":5374.89,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5362.73,"end":5362.85},{"text":"recent","start":5362.85,"end":5363.37},{"text":"decades,","start":5363.37,"end":5363.77},{"text":"however,","start":5363.77,"end":5364.33},{"text":"universal","start":5364.41,"end":5364.89},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5364.89,"end":5365.45},{"text":"has","start":5365.45,"end":5365.57},{"text":"been","start":5365.57,"end":5365.73},{"text":"applied","start":5365.73,"end":5366.33},{"text":"by","start":5366.73,"end":5366.97},{"text":"national","start":5366.97,"end":5367.53},{"text":"courts","start":5367.53,"end":5367.93},{"text":"to","start":5368.01,"end":5368.17},{"text":"prosecute","start":5368.17,"end":5368.85},{"text":"other","start":5368.85,"end":5369.05},{"text":"core","start":5369.05,"end":5369.33},{"text":"crimes,","start":5369.33,"end":5369.93},{"text":"that","start":5370.17,"end":5370.37},{"text":"is","start":5370.37,"end":5370.45},{"text":"war","start":5370.45,"end":5370.65},{"text":"crimes,","start":5370.65,"end":5371.13},{"text":"genocide,","start":5371.61,"end":5372.33},{"text":"crimes","start":5372.81,"end":5373.13},{"text":"against","start":5373.13,"end":5373.45},{"text":"humanity,","start":5373.45,"end":5374.09},{"text":"and","start":5374.33,"end":5374.49},{"text":"torture.","start":5374.49,"end":5374.89}]},{"text":"While its original application to cases of piracy appear to have fallen into disuse, now universal jurisdiction has the potential to come full cycle to help address other international crimes of universal nature.","start":5376.25,"end":5391.45,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":5376.25,"end":5376.57},{"text":"its","start":5377.13,"end":5377.37},{"text":"original","start":5377.37,"end":5377.89},{"text":"application","start":5377.89,"end":5378.49},{"text":"to","start":5378.49,"end":5378.61},{"text":"cases","start":5378.61,"end":5379.05},{"text":"of","start":5379.05,"end":5379.13},{"text":"piracy","start":5379.13,"end":5379.77},{"text":"appear","start":5379.77,"end":5380.09},{"text":"to","start":5380.09,"end":5380.25},{"text":"have","start":5380.25,"end":5380.41},{"text":"fallen","start":5380.41,"end":5380.73},{"text":"into","start":5380.73,"end":5380.97},{"text":"disuse,","start":5380.97,"end":5381.61},{"text":"now","start":5382.17,"end":5382.57},{"text":"universal","start":5382.57,"end":5383.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5383.05,"end":5383.61},{"text":"has","start":5383.61,"end":5383.93},{"text":"the","start":5383.93,"end":5384.05},{"text":"potential","start":5384.09,"end":5385.01},{"text":"to","start":5385.45,"end":5385.61},{"text":"come","start":5385.61,"end":5385.93},{"text":"full","start":5385.93,"end":5386.25},{"text":"cycle","start":5386.25,"end":5386.81},{"text":"to","start":5387.37,"end":5387.77},{"text":"help","start":5387.77,"end":5388.17},{"text":"address","start":5388.25,"end":5388.81},{"text":"other","start":5388.81,"end":5389.21},{"text":"international","start":5389.21,"end":5389.97},{"text":"crimes","start":5389.97,"end":5390.33},{"text":"of","start":5390.33,"end":5390.49},{"text":"universal","start":5390.49,"end":5391.05},{"text":"nature.","start":5391.05,"end":5391.45}]},{"text":"Kenya has for years recognized the principle of universal jurisdiction in regard to maritime piracy and has since 2009 adopted the definition of piracy under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in the Merchant Shipping Act and other core crimes have been recognized under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.","start":5392.37,"end":5414.05,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Kenya","start":5392.37,"end":5392.69},{"text":"has","start":5392.69,"end":5392.85},{"text":"for","start":5392.85,"end":5393.17},{"text":"years","start":5393.21,"end":5393.89},{"text":"recognized","start":5393.89,"end":5394.53},{"text":"the","start":5394.53,"end":5394.65},{"text":"principle","start":5394.65,"end":5395.13},{"text":"of","start":5395.13,"end":5395.21},{"text":"universal","start":5395.21,"end":5395.73},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5395.73,"end":5396.37},{"text":"in","start":5396.37,"end":5396.45},{"text":"regard","start":5396.45,"end":5396.85},{"text":"to","start":5396.85,"end":5397.01},{"text":"maritime","start":5397.01,"end":5397.49},{"text":"piracy","start":5397.49,"end":5398.13},{"text":"and","start":5398.61,"end":5398.77},{"text":"has","start":5398.77,"end":5398.97},{"text":"since","start":5398.97,"end":5399.25},{"text":"2009","start":5399.25,"end":5400.29},{"text":"adopted","start":5401.09,"end":5401.89},{"text":"the","start":5402.09,"end":5402.17},{"text":"definition","start":5402.17,"end":5402.69},{"text":"of","start":5402.73,"end":5402.81},{"text":"piracy","start":5402.81,"end":5403.25},{"text":"under","start":5403.25,"end":5403.45},{"text":"United","start":5403.45,"end":5403.89},{"text":"Nations","start":5403.89,"end":5404.21},{"text":"Convention","start":5404.21,"end":5404.73},{"text":"on","start":5404.73,"end":5404.81},{"text":"the","start":5404.81,"end":5404.89},{"text":"Law","start":5404.89,"end":5404.97},{"text":"of","start":5404.97,"end":5405.09},{"text":"the","start":5405.09,"end":5405.21},{"text":"Sea","start":5405.21,"end":5405.73},{"text":"in","start":5406.13,"end":5406.29},{"text":"the","start":5406.29,"end":5406.41},{"text":"Merchant","start":5406.41,"end":5406.77},{"text":"Shipping","start":5406.77,"end":5407.17},{"text":"Act","start":5407.17,"end":5407.57},{"text":"and","start":5408.37,"end":5408.69},{"text":"other","start":5408.77,"end":5409.01},{"text":"core","start":5409.01,"end":5409.25},{"text":"crimes","start":5409.25,"end":5409.69},{"text":"have","start":5409.69,"end":5409.81},{"text":"been","start":5409.81,"end":5409.97},{"text":"recognized","start":5409.97,"end":5410.57},{"text":"under","start":5410.57,"end":5411.41},{"text":"the","start":5411.77,"end":5411.85},{"text":"Rome","start":5411.85,"end":5412.05},{"text":"Statute","start":5412.05,"end":5412.53},{"text":"of","start":5412.53,"end":5412.61},{"text":"the","start":5412.61,"end":5412.69},{"text":"International","start":5412.69,"end":5413.33},{"text":"Criminal","start":5413.33,"end":5413.65},{"text":"Court.","start":5413.65,"end":5414.05}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction must, however, be applied with circumspection.","start":5415.01,"end":5418.85,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":5415.01,"end":5415.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5415.81,"end":5416.45},{"text":"must,","start":5416.45,"end":5416.61},{"text":"however,","start":5416.61,"end":5417.17},{"text":"be","start":5417.25,"end":5417.41},{"text":"applied","start":5417.41,"end":5417.81},{"text":"with","start":5417.81,"end":5417.93},{"text":"circumspection.","start":5417.93,"end":5418.85}]},{"text":"Not every international crime must be prosecuted under this principle.","start":5419.89,"end":5424.25,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":5419.89,"end":5420.29},{"text":"every","start":5420.29,"end":5420.65},{"text":"international","start":5420.65,"end":5421.21},{"text":"crime","start":5421.21,"end":5421.65},{"text":"must","start":5422.17,"end":5422.57},{"text":"be","start":5422.57,"end":5422.73},{"text":"prosecuted","start":5422.73,"end":5423.37},{"text":"under","start":5423.37,"end":5423.57},{"text":"this","start":5423.57,"end":5423.69},{"text":"principle.","start":5423.69,"end":5424.25}]},{"text":"Latitude must be given to local circumstances, considering that in some cases, prosecuting foreign nationals under domestic law can clash with the local reconciliation or amnesty efforts in post-conflict states or situations.","start":5425.13,"end":5440.73,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Latitude","start":5425.13,"end":5425.61},{"text":"must","start":5425.61,"end":5425.85},{"text":"be","start":5425.85,"end":5425.97},{"text":"given","start":5425.97,"end":5426.49},{"text":"to","start":5426.49,"end":5426.73},{"text":"local","start":5426.89,"end":5427.29},{"text":"circumstances,","start":5427.29,"end":5428.25},{"text":"considering","start":5428.25,"end":5428.97},{"text":"that","start":5428.97,"end":5429.13},{"text":"in","start":5429.13,"end":5429.29},{"text":"some","start":5429.29,"end":5429.53},{"text":"cases,","start":5429.53,"end":5430.25},{"text":"prosecuting","start":5430.73,"end":5431.45},{"text":"foreign","start":5431.45,"end":5431.97},{"text":"nationals","start":5431.97,"end":5432.65},{"text":"under","start":5432.65,"end":5432.85},{"text":"domestic","start":5432.85,"end":5433.45},{"text":"law","start":5433.45,"end":5433.85},{"text":"can","start":5433.85,"end":5434.09},{"text":"clash","start":5434.09,"end":5434.41},{"text":"with","start":5434.41,"end":5434.61},{"text":"the","start":5434.61,"end":5434.69},{"text":"local","start":5434.69,"end":5435.09},{"text":"reconciliation","start":5435.09,"end":5436.17},{"text":"or","start":5436.17,"end":5436.41},{"text":"amnesty","start":5436.41,"end":5436.89},{"text":"efforts","start":5436.89,"end":5437.37},{"text":"in","start":5437.77,"end":5438.01},{"text":"post-conflict","start":5438.01,"end":5439.09},{"text":"states","start":5439.09,"end":5439.61},{"text":"or","start":5439.61,"end":5439.85},{"text":"situations.","start":5439.85,"end":5440.73}]},{"text":"It must be demonstrated that the objectives being pursued would not be sufficiently addressed or achieved by member states at national regional or local levels.","start":5441.45,"end":5452.85,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5441.45,"end":5441.61},{"text":"must","start":5441.61,"end":5441.93},{"text":"be","start":5441.93,"end":5442.09},{"text":"demonstrated","start":5442.09,"end":5442.89},{"text":"that","start":5442.89,"end":5443.17},{"text":"the","start":5443.17,"end":5443.25},{"text":"objectives","start":5443.25,"end":5443.93},{"text":"being","start":5443.93,"end":5444.33},{"text":"pursued","start":5444.33,"end":5445.05},{"text":"would","start":5445.45,"end":5445.69},{"text":"not","start":5445.69,"end":5446.01},{"text":"be","start":5446.01,"end":5446.17},{"text":"sufficiently","start":5446.17,"end":5446.93},{"text":"addressed","start":5446.93,"end":5447.53},{"text":"or","start":5447.53,"end":5447.93},{"text":"achieved","start":5447.97,"end":5448.57},{"text":"by","start":5448.57,"end":5448.81},{"text":"member","start":5448.81,"end":5449.29},{"text":"states","start":5449.29,"end":5449.65},{"text":"at","start":5449.65,"end":5449.77},{"text":"national","start":5449.77,"end":5450.49},{"text":"regional","start":5450.85,"end":5451.57},{"text":"or","start":5451.65,"end":5451.81},{"text":"local","start":5451.81,"end":5452.25},{"text":"levels.","start":5452.25,"end":5452.85}]},{"text":"Further, there is the risk of retaliatory indictments by adversarial foreign courts or jurisdictions.","start":5453.49,"end":5460.53,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5461.09,"end":5461.25},{"text":"temptation","start":5461.25,"end":5461.97},{"text":"to","start":5461.97,"end":5462.09},{"text":"invoke","start":5462.09,"end":5462.77},{"text":"universal","start":5462.93,"end":5463.49},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5463.49,"end":5464.13},{"text":"for","start":5464.13,"end":5464.25},{"text":"political","start":5464.25,"end":5465.09},{"text":"and","start":5465.49,"end":5465.69},{"text":"ulterior","start":5465.69,"end":5466.21},{"text":"motive","start":5466.21,"end":5466.85},{"text":"is","start":5467.49,"end":5467.97},{"text":"real.","start":5468.05,"end":5468.45}]},{"text":"Care must be had to the risk of selective or pretext of application of the principle to advance selfish ulterior motives.","start":5468.93,"end":5476.53,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":5490.65,"end":5491.29},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5491.29,"end":5491.93},{"text":"is","start":5491.93,"end":5492.09},{"text":"not","start":5492.09,"end":5492.49},{"text":"meant","start":5492.49,"end":5492.85},{"text":"to","start":5492.85,"end":5492.93},{"text":"supplant","start":5492.93,"end":5493.77},{"text":"the","start":5493.77,"end":5493.93},{"text":"principles","start":5493.93,"end":5494.61},{"text":"of","start":5494.61,"end":5494.81},{"text":"complementarity","start":5494.81,"end":5495.93},{"text":"and","start":5496.33,"end":5496.49},{"text":"subsidiarity,","start":5496.49,"end":5497.61},{"text":"but","start":5497.93,"end":5498.21},{"text":"to","start":5498.21,"end":5498.29},{"text":"complement","start":5498.33,"end":5499.05},{"text":"them.","start":5499.05,"end":5499.29}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Chair, my delegation reiterates our commitment and appreciates the principles of universal jurisdiction as an important principle of international law meant to combat impunity and as a complementary mechanism to ensure accountability for the most serious international crimes.","start":5500.29,"end":5521.45,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5500.29,"end":5500.41},{"text":"conclusion,","start":5500.41,"end":5501.05},{"text":"Chair,","start":5502.57,"end":5503.05},{"text":"my","start":5503.45,"end":5503.65},{"text":"delegation","start":5503.65,"end":5504.25},{"text":"reiterates","start":5504.25,"end":5504.73},{"text":"our","start":5504.73,"end":5504.89},{"text":"commitment","start":5504.89,"end":5505.69},{"text":"and","start":5505.69,"end":5506.01},{"text":"appreciates","start":5506.17,"end":5506.85},{"text":"the","start":5506.85,"end":5507.01},{"text":"principles","start":5507.01,"end":5507.93},{"text":"of","start":5507.93,"end":5508.01},{"text":"universal","start":5508.41,"end":5509.45},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5509.49,"end":5510.13},{"text":"as","start":5510.13,"end":5510.25},{"text":"an","start":5510.25,"end":5510.33},{"text":"important","start":5510.33,"end":5510.97},{"text":"principle","start":5510.97,"end":5511.49},{"text":"of","start":5511.49,"end":5511.57},{"text":"international","start":5511.57,"end":5512.45},{"text":"law","start":5512.45,"end":5512.53},{"text":"meant","start":5513.05,"end":5513.49},{"text":"to","start":5513.49,"end":5513.57},{"text":"combat","start":5513.57,"end":5514.01},{"text":"impunity","start":5514.01,"end":5514.81},{"text":"and","start":5515.53,"end":5515.85},{"text":"as","start":5515.85,"end":5516.09},{"text":"a","start":5516.09,"end":5516.13},{"text":"complementary","start":5516.13,"end":5517.05},{"text":"mechanism","start":5517.05,"end":5517.69},{"text":"to","start":5517.69,"end":5517.89},{"text":"ensure","start":5517.89,"end":5518.17},{"text":"accountability","start":5518.17,"end":5519.21},{"text":"for","start":5519.21,"end":5519.45},{"text":"the","start":5519.45,"end":5519.57},{"text":"most","start":5519.57,"end":5519.97},{"text":"serious","start":5519.97,"end":5520.25},{"text":"international","start":5520.25,"end":5520.89},{"text":"crimes.","start":5520.89,"end":5521.45}]},{"text":"However, we would like to emphasize that the legitimacy, credibility and utility of universal jurisdictions are best ensured by its responsible, judicious and fair application in accordance with international law.","start":5522.33,"end":5534.61,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5522.33,"end":5522.89},{"text":"we","start":5522.89,"end":5523.01},{"text":"would","start":5523.01,"end":5523.13},{"text":"like","start":5523.13,"end":5523.45},{"text":"to","start":5523.45,"end":5523.61},{"text":"emphasize","start":5523.61,"end":5524.21},{"text":"that","start":5524.21,"end":5524.41},{"text":"the","start":5524.41,"end":5524.53},{"text":"legitimacy,","start":5524.53,"end":5525.37},{"text":"credibility","start":5525.37,"end":5526.05},{"text":"and","start":5526.05,"end":5526.17},{"text":"utility","start":5526.17,"end":5526.85},{"text":"of","start":5526.85,"end":5526.97},{"text":"universal","start":5526.97,"end":5527.53},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":5527.53,"end":5528.13},{"text":"are","start":5528.13,"end":5528.25},{"text":"best","start":5528.25,"end":5528.61},{"text":"ensured","start":5528.61,"end":5529.13},{"text":"by","start":5529.13,"end":5529.45},{"text":"its","start":5529.77,"end":5530.01},{"text":"responsible,","start":5530.01,"end":5530.81},{"text":"judicious","start":5531.25,"end":5531.81},{"text":"and","start":5531.81,"end":5532.01},{"text":"fair","start":5532.01,"end":5532.41},{"text":"application","start":5532.41,"end":5533.05},{"text":"in","start":5533.05,"end":5533.17},{"text":"accordance","start":5533.17,"end":5533.57},{"text":"with","start":5533.57,"end":5533.73},{"text":"international","start":5533.73,"end":5534.53},{"text":"law.","start":5534.53,"end":5534.61}]},{"text":"Kenya is ready to work with other countries to ensure a common and acceptable understanding of this principle and definition of crimes that must necessarily fall within this principle.","start":5535.25,"end":5545.97,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Kenya","start":5535.25,"end":5535.49},{"text":"is","start":5535.49,"end":5535.65},{"text":"ready","start":5535.65,"end":5535.97},{"text":"to","start":5535.97,"end":5536.17},{"text":"work","start":5536.17,"end":5536.53},{"text":"with","start":5536.53,"end":5536.69},{"text":"other","start":5536.69,"end":5537.05},{"text":"countries","start":5537.05,"end":5537.49},{"text":"to","start":5537.49,"end":5537.61},{"text":"ensure","start":5537.61,"end":5537.93},{"text":"a","start":5537.93,"end":5537.97},{"text":"common","start":5537.97,"end":5538.45},{"text":"and","start":5538.45,"end":5538.61},{"text":"acceptable","start":5538.61,"end":5539.29},{"text":"understanding","start":5539.29,"end":5539.89},{"text":"of","start":5539.89,"end":5539.97},{"text":"this","start":5539.97,"end":5540.13},{"text":"principle","start":5540.13,"end":5540.69},{"text":"and","start":5541.09,"end":5541.25},{"text":"definition","start":5541.25,"end":5541.81},{"text":"of","start":5541.81,"end":5541.89},{"text":"crimes","start":5541.89,"end":5542.21},{"text":"that","start":5542.21,"end":5542.37},{"text":"must","start":5542.37,"end":5542.69},{"text":"necessarily","start":5542.69,"end":5543.57},{"text":"fall","start":5543.81,"end":5544.29},{"text":"within","start":5544.29,"end":5544.85},{"text":"this","start":5545.09,"end":5545.41},{"text":"principle.","start":5545.41,"end":5545.97}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":5546.45,"end":5546.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5546.45,"end":5546.53},{"text":"thank","start":5546.53,"end":5546.85},{"text":"you.","start":5546.85,"end":5546.93}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"KEN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Kenya"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":5549.17,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:32:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Kenya for the statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of El Salvador.","start":5549.17,"end":5556.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5549.17,"end":5549.33},{"text":"thank","start":5549.33,"end":5549.57},{"text":"the","start":5549.57,"end":5549.69},{"text":"distinguished","start":5549.69,"end":5550.21},{"text":"representative","start":5550.21,"end":5551.09},{"text":"of","start":5551.09,"end":5551.17},{"text":"Kenya","start":5551.17,"end":5551.65},{"text":"for","start":5551.65,"end":5551.97},{"text":"the","start":5551.97,"end":5552.09},{"text":"statement,","start":5552.13,"end":5552.69},{"text":"and","start":5552.77,"end":5552.93},{"text":"I","start":5552.93,"end":5553.01},{"text":"give","start":5553.01,"end":5553.21},{"text":"the","start":5553.21,"end":5553.33},{"text":"floor","start":5553.33,"end":5553.65},{"text":"to","start":5553.65,"end":5553.81},{"text":"the","start":5553.81,"end":5553.89},{"text":"distinguished","start":5553.89,"end":5554.45},{"text":"representative","start":5554.45,"end":5555.21},{"text":"of","start":5555.21,"end":5555.41},{"text":"El","start":5555.41,"end":5555.65},{"text":"Salvador.","start":5555.65,"end":5556.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":5561.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:32:42","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Madam Chair.","start":5561.01,"end":5562.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5561.01,"end":5561.21},{"text":"you","start":5561.21,"end":5561.33},{"text":"very","start":5561.33,"end":5561.49},{"text":"much,","start":5561.49,"end":5561.77},{"text":"Madam","start":5561.77,"end":5562.09},{"text":"Chair.","start":5562.09,"end":5562.37}]},{"text":"First of all, my delegation wishes to thank the Secretary-General for presenting report A/81/205 on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":5563.13,"end":5577.13,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":5563.13,"end":5563.41},{"text":"of","start":5563.41,"end":5563.49},{"text":"all,","start":5563.49,"end":5563.61},{"text":"my","start":5563.61,"end":5563.77},{"text":"delegation","start":5563.77,"end":5564.41},{"text":"wishes","start":5564.45,"end":5564.89},{"text":"to","start":5564.89,"end":5565.13},{"text":"thank","start":5565.21,"end":5565.61},{"text":"the","start":5565.61,"end":5565.77},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":5565.77,"end":5566.65},{"text":"for","start":5567.13,"end":5567.61},{"text":"presenting","start":5567.97,"end":5568.49},{"text":"report","start":5568.49,"end":5569.05},{"text":"A/81/205","start":5569.13,"end":5571.85},{"text":"on","start":5572.41,"end":5572.81},{"text":"the","start":5572.81,"end":5572.93},{"text":"scope","start":5572.93,"end":5573.33},{"text":"and","start":5573.33,"end":5573.49},{"text":"application","start":5573.49,"end":5574.49},{"text":"of","start":5574.73,"end":5574.89},{"text":"the","start":5574.89,"end":5574.97},{"text":"principle","start":5574.97,"end":5575.49},{"text":"of","start":5575.49,"end":5575.61},{"text":"universal","start":5575.61,"end":5576.25},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":5576.25,"end":5577.13}]},{"text":"And we wish to reaffirm the following considerations on this agenda item.","start":5578.09,"end":5582.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5578.09,"end":5578.25},{"text":"we","start":5578.25,"end":5578.37},{"text":"wish","start":5578.37,"end":5578.53},{"text":"to","start":5578.53,"end":5578.61},{"text":"reaffirm","start":5578.61,"end":5579.05},{"text":"the","start":5579.05,"end":5579.21},{"text":"following","start":5579.21,"end":5579.77},{"text":"considerations","start":5580.41,"end":5581.33},{"text":"on","start":5581.33,"end":5581.45},{"text":"this","start":5581.45,"end":5581.61},{"text":"agenda","start":5581.61,"end":5582.01},{"text":"item.","start":5582.01,"end":5582.41}]},{"text":"The normative framework and jurisprudence of El Salvador recognizes and permits the application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":5583.01,"end":5592.53,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5583.01,"end":5583.33},{"text":"normative","start":5583.89,"end":5584.45},{"text":"framework","start":5584.45,"end":5585.01},{"text":"and","start":5585.01,"end":5585.13},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":5585.13,"end":5586.13},{"text":"of","start":5586.17,"end":5586.29},{"text":"El","start":5586.29,"end":5586.45},{"text":"Salvador","start":5586.45,"end":5587.89},{"text":"recognizes","start":5588.21,"end":5589.01},{"text":"and","start":5589.09,"end":5589.57},{"text":"permits","start":5589.73,"end":5590.17},{"text":"the","start":5590.17,"end":5590.25},{"text":"application","start":5590.25,"end":5590.73},{"text":"of","start":5590.73,"end":5590.81},{"text":"the","start":5590.81,"end":5590.89},{"text":"principle","start":5590.89,"end":5591.25},{"text":"of","start":5591.25,"end":5591.33},{"text":"universal","start":5591.33,"end":5591.73},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":5591.73,"end":5592.53}]},{"text":"In particular, Article 10 of the criminal code currently in force establishes the possibility of applying El Salvadorian criminal law to certain crimes, regardless of the place where the alleged crimes were committed or the nationality of the persons involved.","start":5592.73,"end":5609.73,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":5610.69,"end":5610.85},{"text":"this","start":5610.85,"end":5611.29},{"text":"as","start":5611.49,"end":5611.69},{"text":"long","start":5611.69,"end":5612.01},{"text":"as","start":5612.09,"end":5612.41},{"text":"said","start":5612.41,"end":5612.89},{"text":"crimes","start":5612.89,"end":5613.37},{"text":"affect","start":5613.37,"end":5613.93},{"text":"legal","start":5617.13,"end":5617.53},{"text":"goods","start":5617.53,"end":5617.85},{"text":"protected","start":5617.85,"end":5618.49},{"text":"by","start":5618.49,"end":5618.69},{"text":"international","start":5618.69,"end":5619.65},{"text":"law","start":5619.65,"end":5619.73},{"text":"or","start":5619.73,"end":5620.01},{"text":"if","start":5620.01,"end":5620.17},{"text":"they","start":5620.17,"end":5620.29},{"text":"involve","start":5620.29,"end":5620.65},{"text":"grave","start":5620.65,"end":5621.01},{"text":"violations","start":5621.01,"end":5621.73},{"text":"of","start":5621.73,"end":5622.01},{"text":"universally","start":5622.01,"end":5622.73},{"text":"recognized","start":5622.73,"end":5623.13},{"text":"human","start":5623.13,"end":5623.37},{"text":"rights.","start":5623.37,"end":5623.85}]},{"text":"Additionally, the Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador has recognized the subsidiary nature of this principle.","start":5624.81,"end":5633.21,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":5624.81,"end":5625.37},{"text":"the","start":5625.37,"end":5625.49},{"text":"Supreme","start":5625.49,"end":5625.85},{"text":"Court","start":5625.85,"end":5626.09},{"text":"of","start":5626.09,"end":5626.17},{"text":"Justice","start":5626.17,"end":5626.57},{"text":"of","start":5626.57,"end":5626.65},{"text":"El","start":5626.65,"end":5626.81},{"text":"Salvador","start":5626.81,"end":5627.21},{"text":"has","start":5627.21,"end":5627.37},{"text":"recognized","start":5627.37,"end":5627.93},{"text":"the","start":5627.93,"end":5628.09},{"text":"subsidiary","start":5628.09,"end":5629.25},{"text":"nature","start":5629.25,"end":5629.45},{"text":"of","start":5629.45,"end":5629.53},{"text":"this","start":5629.53,"end":5630.41},{"text":"principle.","start":5631.29,"end":5633.21}]},{"text":"In resolution 24 S 2016, of 21 August 2016, the court stated that one of the manifestations of that principle consists in its complementary nature, pursuant to which universal jurisdiction can be activated or used only when, in the state where the alleged crimes occurred, there is an obstacle to their prosecution or trial, or there is no specific interest in prosecuting those crimes.","start":5633.93,"end":5666.69,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5633.93,"end":5634.17},{"text":"resolution","start":5634.17,"end":5634.97},{"text":"24","start":5635.37,"end":5636.01},{"text":"S","start":5636.01,"end":5636.17},{"text":"2016,","start":5636.17,"end":5637.45},{"text":"of","start":5637.85,"end":5637.89},{"text":"21","start":5637.89,"end":5638.29},{"text":"August","start":5638.29,"end":5638.57},{"text":"2016,","start":5638.57,"end":5639.65},{"text":"the","start":5639.65,"end":5639.73},{"text":"court","start":5639.73,"end":5640.37},{"text":"stated","start":5640.53,"end":5641.05},{"text":"that","start":5641.05,"end":5641.17},{"text":"one","start":5641.17,"end":5641.37},{"text":"of","start":5641.37,"end":5641.49},{"text":"the","start":5641.49,"end":5641.61},{"text":"manifestations","start":5641.65,"end":5642.57},{"text":"of","start":5642.57,"end":5642.69},{"text":"that","start":5642.69,"end":5642.85},{"text":"principle","start":5642.85,"end":5643.33},{"text":"consists","start":5643.33,"end":5643.97},{"text":"in","start":5643.97,"end":5644.21},{"text":"its","start":5644.21,"end":5644.45},{"text":"complementary","start":5644.45,"end":5645.25},{"text":"nature,","start":5645.25,"end":5645.73},{"text":"pursuant","start":5647.17,"end":5647.69},{"text":"to","start":5647.69,"end":5647.77},{"text":"which","start":5647.77,"end":5648.13},{"text":"universal","start":5648.13,"end":5648.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5648.77,"end":5649.41},{"text":"can","start":5649.41,"end":5649.97},{"text":"be","start":5649.97,"end":5650.45},{"text":"activated","start":5651.25,"end":5652.05},{"text":"or","start":5652.05,"end":5652.37},{"text":"used","start":5652.53,"end":5653.13},{"text":"only","start":5653.13,"end":5653.29},{"text":"when,","start":5653.29,"end":5653.81},{"text":"in","start":5655.09,"end":5655.25},{"text":"the","start":5655.25,"end":5655.41},{"text":"state","start":5655.41,"end":5655.81},{"text":"where","start":5655.81,"end":5656.05},{"text":"the","start":5656.05,"end":5656.25},{"text":"alleged","start":5656.45,"end":5656.77},{"text":"crimes","start":5656.77,"end":5657.33},{"text":"occurred,","start":5657.33,"end":5658.13},{"text":"there","start":5658.37,"end":5658.69},{"text":"is","start":5658.69,"end":5659.17},{"text":"an","start":5660.09,"end":5660.21},{"text":"obstacle","start":5660.21,"end":5660.85},{"text":"to","start":5661.25,"end":5661.45},{"text":"their","start":5661.49,"end":5661.61},{"text":"prosecution","start":5661.65,"end":5662.29},{"text":"or","start":5662.29,"end":5662.61},{"text":"trial,","start":5662.61,"end":5662.97},{"text":"or","start":5662.97,"end":5663.05},{"text":"there","start":5663.05,"end":5663.17},{"text":"is","start":5663.17,"end":5663.25},{"text":"no","start":5663.25,"end":5663.57},{"text":"specific","start":5663.89,"end":5664.53},{"text":"interest","start":5664.53,"end":5665.17},{"text":"in","start":5665.17,"end":5665.49},{"text":"prosecuting","start":5665.49,"end":5666.13},{"text":"those","start":5666.13,"end":5666.29},{"text":"crimes.","start":5666.29,"end":5666.69}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, these normative and jurisprudential developments highlight the way in which some of the essential parameters concerning the scope of this principle have been regulated.","start":5667.49,"end":5678.93,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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takes note of the General Assembly resolution A/77/14.","start":5801.73,"end":5806.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Namibia","start":5801.73,"end":5802.13},{"text":"takes","start":5802.13,"end":5802.45},{"text":"note","start":5802.45,"end":5802.77},{"text":"of","start":5802.93,"end":5803.09},{"text":"the","start":5803.09,"end":5803.17},{"text":"General","start":5803.17,"end":5803.53},{"text":"Assembly","start":5803.53,"end":5804.13},{"text":"resolution","start":5804.53,"end":5805.33},{"text":"A/77/14.","start":5806.05,"end":5806.77}]},{"text":"rest stroke 79 stroke 127 entitled the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction as well as the Secretary General's report a stroke 81 stroke 205 on the same subject we express our appreciation for the reports presented for the reports presentation of the diverse national perspectives on the application of universal jurisdiction at the outset Namibia recalls that under its supreme law, principles of international law apply directly, subject to the Constitution and acts of Parliament.","start":5807.29,"end":5848.01,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"rest","start":5807.29,"end":5807.77},{"text":"stroke","start":5807.81,"end":5808.33},{"text":"79","start":5808.33,"end":5809.09},{"text":"stroke","start":5809.09,"end":5809.45},{"text":"127","start":5809.53,"end":5810.41},{"text":"entitled","start":5810.89,"end":5811.53},{"text":"the","start":5812.33,"end":5812.45},{"text":"scope","start":5812.45,"end":5812.81},{"text":"and","start":5812.81,"end":5812.97},{"text":"application","start":5812.97,"end":5813.65},{"text":"of","start":5813.65,"end":5813.73},{"text":"the","start":5813.73,"end":5813.85},{"text":"principle","start":5813.85,"end":5814.37},{"text":"of","start":5814.37,"end":5814.49},{"text":"universal","start":5814.49,"end":5815.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5815.05,"end":5815.69},{"text":"as","start":5816.33,"end":5816.49},{"text":"well","start":5816.49,"end":5816.69},{"text":"as","start":5816.69,"end":5816.81},{"text":"the","start":5816.81,"end":5816.89},{"text":"Secretary","start":5816.89,"end":5817.37},{"text":"General's","start":5817.37,"end":5817.85},{"text":"report","start":5817.85,"end":5818.25},{"text":"a","start":5818.97,"end":5819.01},{"text":"stroke","start":5819.01,"end":5819.37},{"text":"81","start":5819.37,"end":5819.93},{"text":"stroke","start":5819.93,"end":5820.33},{"text":"205","start":5820.49,"end":5821.37},{"text":"on","start":5821.69,"end":5821.77},{"text":"the","start":5821.77,"end":5821.89},{"text":"same","start":5821.89,"end":5822.17},{"text":"subject","start":5822.17,"end":5822.73},{"text":"we","start":5823.29,"end":5823.53},{"text":"express","start":5823.53,"end":5823.97},{"text":"our","start":5823.97,"end":5824.09},{"text":"appreciation","start":5824.09,"end":5824.81},{"text":"for","start":5824.89,"end":5825.05},{"text":"the","start":5825.05,"end":5825.17},{"text":"reports","start":5825.17,"end":5825.53},{"text":"presented","start":5825.53,"end":5826.33},{"text":"for","start":5826.49,"end":5826.65},{"text":"the","start":5826.65,"end":5826.73},{"text":"reports","start":5826.73,"end":5827.29},{"text":"presentation","start":5827.45,"end":5828.17},{"text":"of","start":5829.05,"end":5829.13},{"text":"the","start":5829.13,"end":5829.25},{"text":"diverse","start":5829.25,"end":5829.69},{"text":"national","start":5829.69,"end":5830.17},{"text":"perspectives","start":5830.17,"end":5830.97},{"text":"on","start":5831.29,"end":5831.41},{"text":"the","start":5831.41,"end":5831.49},{"text":"application","start":5831.49,"end":5832.09},{"text":"of","start":5832.09,"end":5832.41},{"text":"universal","start":5832.41,"end":5833.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5834.17,"end":5834.89},{"text":"at","start":5835.93,"end":5836.05},{"text":"the","start":5836.05,"end":5836.13},{"text":"outset","start":5836.13,"end":5836.65},{"text":"Namibia","start":5837.93,"end":5838.37},{"text":"recalls","start":5838.37,"end":5838.73},{"text":"that","start":5838.73,"end":5839.05},{"text":"under","start":5839.81,"end":5840.17},{"text":"its","start":5840.25,"end":5840.49},{"text":"supreme","start":5840.49,"end":5840.89},{"text":"law,","start":5840.89,"end":5841.21},{"text":"principles","start":5841.69,"end":5842.29},{"text":"of","start":5842.29,"end":5842.41},{"text":"international","start":5842.41,"end":5843.01},{"text":"law","start":5843.01,"end":5843.13},{"text":"apply","start":5843.13,"end":5843.53},{"text":"directly,","start":5843.53,"end":5844.17},{"text":"subject","start":5844.57,"end":5845.21},{"text":"to","start":5845.21,"end":5845.29},{"text":"the","start":5845.29,"end":5845.37},{"text":"Constitution","start":5845.37,"end":5846.17},{"text":"and","start":5846.33,"end":5846.73},{"text":"acts","start":5846.73,"end":5847.21},{"text":"of","start":5847.21,"end":5847.45},{"text":"Parliament.","start":5847.45,"end":5848.01}]},{"text":"Consistent with the Constitution and the rules of Namibian courts, cases involving universal jurisdiction elements are approached with due caution so that foreign or international jurisdiction is not improperly displaced.","start":5848.81,"end":5864.01,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Consistent","start":5848.81,"end":5849.45},{"text":"with","start":5849.45,"end":5849.57},{"text":"the","start":5849.57,"end":5849.65},{"text":"Constitution","start":5849.65,"end":5850.41},{"text":"and","start":5850.77,"end":5850.93},{"text":"the","start":5850.93,"end":5851.01},{"text":"rules","start":5851.01,"end":5851.33},{"text":"of","start":5851.33,"end":5851.53},{"text":"Namibian","start":5851.53,"end":5851.93},{"text":"courts,","start":5851.93,"end":5852.41},{"text":"cases","start":5852.89,"end":5853.41},{"text":"involving","start":5853.41,"end":5853.89},{"text":"universal","start":5853.89,"end":5854.41},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5854.41,"end":5855.13},{"text":"elements","start":5855.53,"end":5856.17},{"text":"are","start":5856.85,"end":5856.97},{"text":"approached","start":5856.97,"end":5857.61},{"text":"with","start":5858.17,"end":5858.41},{"text":"due","start":5858.41,"end":5858.65},{"text":"caution","start":5858.65,"end":5859.21},{"text":"so","start":5859.45,"end":5859.69},{"text":"that","start":5859.69,"end":5859.93},{"text":"foreign","start":5859.93,"end":5860.33},{"text":"or","start":5860.33,"end":5860.49},{"text":"international","start":5860.49,"end":5861.13},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5861.13,"end":5861.69},{"text":"is","start":5861.69,"end":5861.93},{"text":"not","start":5861.93,"end":5862.17},{"text":"improperly","start":5862.41,"end":5863.21},{"text":"displaced.","start":5863.37,"end":5864.01}]},{"text":"This approach reflects respect for judicial sovereignty and the proper administration of justice.","start":5864.89,"end":5872.69,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5864.89,"end":5865.13},{"text":"approach","start":5865.13,"end":5865.41},{"text":"reflects","start":5865.41,"end":5866.01},{"text":"respect","start":5866.93,"end":5867.49},{"text":"for","start":5867.49,"end":5867.89},{"text":"judicial","start":5868.29,"end":5869.01},{"text":"sovereignty","start":5869.01,"end":5869.65},{"text":"and","start":5870.13,"end":5870.45},{"text":"the","start":5870.45,"end":5870.57},{"text":"proper","start":5870.57,"end":5870.85},{"text":"administration","start":5870.85,"end":5871.65},{"text":"of","start":5871.81,"end":5872.13},{"text":"justice.","start":5872.13,"end":5872.69}]},{"text":"Namibia has demonstrated this commitment not only through the management and adjudication of cases, but also through its own statute law of extradition, bilateral extradition and mutual legal assistance agreements with peace affirming states and participation in regional and international adjudicative mechanisms.","start":5873.65,"end":5898.21,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"Namibia","start":5873.65,"end":5874.21},{"text":"has","start":5874.69,"end":5874.85},{"text":"demonstrated","start":5874.85,"end":5875.65},{"text":"this","start":5875.65,"end":5875.85},{"text":"commitment","start":5875.85,"end":5876.45},{"text":"not","start":5876.93,"end":5877.17},{"text":"only","start":5877.17,"end":5877.37},{"text":"through","start":5877.37,"end":5877.81},{"text":"the","start":5877.97,"end":5878.17},{"text":"management","start":5878.17,"end":5878.77},{"text":"and","start":5879.49,"end":5879.77},{"text":"adjudication","start":5879.77,"end":5880.33},{"text":"of","start":5880.33,"end":5880.45},{"text":"cases,","start":5880.45,"end":5880.93},{"text":"but","start":5881.33,"end":5881.57},{"text":"also","start":5881.57,"end":5882.05},{"text":"through","start":5882.05,"end":5882.37},{"text":"its","start":5882.37,"end":5882.61},{"text":"own","start":5882.61,"end":5882.93},{"text":"statute","start":5884.45,"end":5884.93},{"text":"law","start":5884.93,"end":5885.25},{"text":"of","start":5885.49,"end":5885.81},{"text":"extradition,","start":5885.81,"end":5886.61},{"text":"bilateral","start":5886.93,"end":5887.49},{"text":"extradition","start":5887.49,"end":5888.29},{"text":"and","start":5888.53,"end":5888.77},{"text":"mutual","start":5888.77,"end":5889.09},{"text":"legal","start":5889.09,"end":5889.37},{"text":"assistance","start":5889.37,"end":5889.85},{"text":"agreements","start":5889.85,"end":5890.53},{"text":"with","start":5890.85,"end":5891.09},{"text":"peace","start":5891.09,"end":5891.41},{"text":"affirming","start":5891.41,"end":5891.89},{"text":"states","start":5891.89,"end":5892.37},{"text":"and","start":5892.77,"end":5893.01},{"text":"participation","start":5893.01,"end":5893.89},{"text":"in","start":5894.21,"end":5894.53},{"text":"regional","start":5894.53,"end":5895.01},{"text":"and","start":5895.09,"end":5895.41},{"text":"international","start":5895.41,"end":5896.21},{"text":"adjudicative","start":5896.69,"end":5897.41},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":5897.41,"end":5898.21}]},{"text":"Where some states have shown little regard for the proper scope and application of universal jurisdiction, Namibia has remained steadfast in its adherence to the law, guided by legitimate legal principles rather than political expediency.","start":5899.45,"end":5916.37,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":5899.45,"end":5899.65},{"text":"some","start":5899.65,"end":5899.89},{"text":"states","start":5899.89,"end":5900.21},{"text":"have","start":5900.21,"end":5900.37},{"text":"shown","start":5900.37,"end":5900.77},{"text":"little","start":5900.77,"end":5901.09},{"text":"regard","start":5901.09,"end":5901.65},{"text":"for","start":5901.81,"end":5901.97},{"text":"the","start":5901.97,"end":5902.09},{"text":"proper","start":5902.09,"end":5902.53},{"text":"scope","start":5902.53,"end":5903.01},{"text":"and","start":5903.33,"end":5903.57},{"text":"application","start":5903.57,"end":5904.13},{"text":"of","start":5904.13,"end":5904.29},{"text":"universal","start":5904.29,"end":5905.65},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5905.97,"end":5906.69},{"text":"Namibia","start":5907.17,"end":5907.57},{"text":"has","start":5907.57,"end":5907.73},{"text":"remained","start":5907.73,"end":5908.17},{"text":"steadfast","start":5908.17,"end":5908.85},{"text":"in","start":5909.17,"end":5909.33},{"text":"its","start":5909.33,"end":5909.49},{"text":"adherence","start":5909.49,"end":5910.01},{"text":"to","start":5910.01,"end":5910.17},{"text":"the","start":5910.17,"end":5910.29},{"text":"law,","start":5910.29,"end":5910.61},{"text":"guided","start":5911.09,"end":5911.49},{"text":"by","start":5911.49,"end":5911.73},{"text":"legitimate","start":5912.53,"end":5913.17},{"text":"legal","start":5913.17,"end":5913.49},{"text":"principles","start":5913.49,"end":5914.21},{"text":"rather","start":5914.45,"end":5914.77},{"text":"than","start":5914.77,"end":5915.01},{"text":"political","start":5915.01,"end":5915.61},{"text":"expediency.","start":5915.61,"end":5916.37}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, in this spirit, Namibia affirms its commitment to international law applied in harmony with its municipal laws.","start":5917.17,"end":5927.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":5917.17,"end":5917.49},{"text":"Chair,","start":5917.49,"end":5917.81},{"text":"in","start":5918.21,"end":5918.29},{"text":"this","start":5918.29,"end":5918.49},{"text":"spirit,","start":5918.49,"end":5918.93},{"text":"Namibia","start":5919.81,"end":5920.25},{"text":"affirms","start":5920.25,"end":5920.85},{"text":"its","start":5921.17,"end":5921.41},{"text":"commitment","start":5921.41,"end":5922.13},{"text":"to","start":5922.21,"end":5922.33},{"text":"international","start":5922.33,"end":5923.17},{"text":"law","start":5923.17,"end":5923.25},{"text":"applied","start":5923.57,"end":5924.13},{"text":"in","start":5924.13,"end":5924.21},{"text":"harmony","start":5924.21,"end":5924.77},{"text":"with","start":5925.17,"end":5925.41},{"text":"its","start":5925.65,"end":5925.89},{"text":"municipal","start":5925.89,"end":5926.65},{"text":"laws.","start":5926.65,"end":5927.09}]},{"text":"However, Madam Chair, our principal concern, particularly as a small State, is the risk that the principle of universal jurisdiction may be misused.","start":5927.49,"end":5938.37,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5927.49,"end":5927.89},{"text":"Madam","start":5927.89,"end":5928.21},{"text":"Chair,","start":5928.21,"end":5928.53},{"text":"our","start":5929.33,"end":5929.41},{"text":"principal","start":5929.41,"end":5930.21},{"text":"concern,","start":5930.21,"end":5930.93},{"text":"particularly","start":5930.93,"end":5931.65},{"text":"as","start":5931.81,"end":5931.97},{"text":"a","start":5931.97,"end":5932.01},{"text":"small","start":5932.01,"end":5932.29},{"text":"State,","start":5932.29,"end":5932.69},{"text":"is","start":5933.09,"end":5933.25},{"text":"the","start":5933.25,"end":5933.37},{"text":"risk","start":5933.37,"end":5933.89},{"text":"that","start":5934.29,"end":5934.61},{"text":"the","start":5934.69,"end":5934.85},{"text":"principle","start":5934.85,"end":5935.41},{"text":"of","start":5935.41,"end":5935.65},{"text":"universal","start":5935.65,"end":5936.17},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5936.17,"end":5936.85},{"text":"may","start":5937.17,"end":5937.33},{"text":"be","start":5937.33,"end":5937.73},{"text":"misused.","start":5937.73,"end":5938.37}]},{"text":"Namibia observes that the challenge lies not only in defining the scope of universal jurisdiction, but also in preventing its use for political purposes.","start":5939.17,"end":5949.33,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Namibia","start":5939.17,"end":5939.69},{"text":"observes","start":5939.69,"end":5940.29},{"text":"that","start":5940.45,"end":5940.77},{"text":"the","start":5940.77,"end":5940.89},{"text":"challenge","start":5940.89,"end":5941.25},{"text":"lies","start":5941.25,"end":5941.57},{"text":"not","start":5941.57,"end":5941.85},{"text":"only","start":5941.85,"end":5942.21},{"text":"in","start":5942.45,"end":5942.61},{"text":"defining","start":5942.61,"end":5943.09},{"text":"the","start":5943.09,"end":5943.17},{"text":"scope","start":5943.17,"end":5943.49},{"text":"of","start":5943.49,"end":5943.65},{"text":"universal","start":5943.65,"end":5944.21},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5944.45,"end":5945.17},{"text":"but","start":5945.49,"end":5945.81},{"text":"also","start":5945.81,"end":5946.13},{"text":"in","start":5946.13,"end":5946.37},{"text":"preventing","start":5946.37,"end":5947.01},{"text":"its","start":5947.17,"end":5947.37},{"text":"use","start":5947.37,"end":5947.73},{"text":"for","start":5947.97,"end":5948.13},{"text":"political","start":5948.13,"end":5948.61},{"text":"purposes.","start":5948.61,"end":5949.33}]},{"text":"Accordingly, while this august House considers the scope of the principle.","start":5949.73,"end":5955.21,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":5949.73,"end":5950.45},{"text":"while","start":5951.09,"end":5951.41},{"text":"this","start":5951.41,"end":5951.57},{"text":"august","start":5951.57,"end":5951.93},{"text":"House","start":5951.93,"end":5952.29},{"text":"considers","start":5953.21,"end":5953.77},{"text":"the","start":5953.77,"end":5953.85},{"text":"scope","start":5953.85,"end":5954.25},{"text":"of","start":5954.33,"end":5954.49},{"text":"the","start":5954.49,"end":5954.57},{"text":"principle.","start":5954.57,"end":5955.21}]},{"text":"We recommend that this implementation should remain within the confines of recognized international law and institutions, rather than being driven by the preferences of individual states.","start":5955.61,"end":5968.09,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":5968.57,"end":5968.73},{"text":"abuse","start":5968.81,"end":5969.45},{"text":"undermines","start":5969.89,"end":5970.57},{"text":"the","start":5970.57,"end":5970.73},{"text":"very","start":5970.73,"end":5971.21},{"text":"norms","start":5971.45,"end":5971.93},{"text":"of","start":5971.93,"end":5972.25},{"text":"international","start":5972.25,"end":5972.89},{"text":"justice","start":5972.89,"end":5973.45},{"text":"that","start":5973.77,"end":5974.01},{"text":"the","start":5974.01,"end":5974.09},{"text":"principle","start":5974.09,"end":5974.73},{"text":"is","start":5974.73,"end":5975.05},{"text":"intended","start":5975.05,"end":5975.53},{"text":"to","start":5975.53,"end":5975.81},{"text":"serve.","start":5975.81,"end":5976.17}]},{"text":"The issue is therefore one of both scope and application.","start":5977.37,"end":5981.69,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5977.37,"end":5977.57},{"text":"issue","start":5977.57,"end":5978.17},{"text":"is","start":5978.33,"end":5978.53},{"text":"therefore","start":5978.53,"end":5979.05},{"text":"one","start":5979.45,"end":5979.77},{"text":"of","start":5979.77,"end":5979.93},{"text":"both","start":5979.93,"end":5980.21},{"text":"scope","start":5980.21,"end":5980.73},{"text":"and","start":5980.77,"end":5980.97},{"text":"application.","start":5980.97,"end":5981.69}]},{"text":"even where jurisdictional threshold has not been met.","start":5982.01,"end":5986.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"even","start":5982.01,"end":5982.49},{"text":"where","start":5982.49,"end":5982.97},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":5982.97,"end":5983.85},{"text":"threshold","start":5984.25,"end":5984.89},{"text":"has","start":5984.97,"end":5985.21},{"text":"not","start":5985.21,"end":5985.45},{"text":"been","start":5985.45,"end":5985.85},{"text":"met.","start":5985.85,"end":5986.25}]},{"text":"Namibia, therefore, further proposes a system of universal jurisdiction founded on complementarity and coordination between credible, recognized international institutions, including International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, and individual states.","start":5987.37,"end":6007.05,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Namibia,","start":5987.37,"end":5987.89},{"text":"therefore,","start":5987.89,"end":5988.41},{"text":"further","start":5988.65,"end":5989.21},{"text":"proposes","start":5989.53,"end":5990.29},{"text":"a","start":5990.29,"end":5990.33},{"text":"system","start":5990.33,"end":5990.89},{"text":"of","start":5991.05,"end":5991.21},{"text":"universal","start":5991.21,"end":5991.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5991.69,"end":5992.41},{"text":"founded","start":5992.89,"end":5993.53},{"text":"on","start":5993.61,"end":5993.81},{"text":"complementarity","start":5993.81,"end":5994.73},{"text":"and","start":5995.21,"end":5995.53},{"text":"coordination","start":5995.53,"end":5996.25},{"text":"between","start":5996.25,"end":5996.73},{"text":"credible,","start":5997.37,"end":5998.01},{"text":"recognized","start":5998.09,"end":5998.77},{"text":"international","start":5998.77,"end":5999.37},{"text":"institutions,","start":5999.41,"end":6000.17},{"text":"including","start":6000.65,"end":6001.29},{"text":"International","start":6001.29,"end":6001.85},{"text":"Court","start":6001.85,"end":6002.09},{"text":"of","start":6002.09,"end":6002.25},{"text":"Justice","start":6002.25,"end":6002.81},{"text":"and","start":6003.49,"end":6003.65},{"text":"the","start":6003.65,"end":6003.73},{"text":"International","start":6003.73,"end":6004.41},{"text":"Criminal","start":6004.57,"end":6005.05},{"text":"Court,","start":6005.05,"end":6005.37},{"text":"and","start":6005.81,"end":6005.97},{"text":"individual","start":6005.97,"end":6006.49},{"text":"states.","start":6006.49,"end":6007.05}]},{"text":"Such an approach would promote greater legitimacy, predictability and acceptance amongst all States.","start":6007.45,"end":6015.89,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":6007.45,"end":6007.77},{"text":"an","start":6007.77,"end":6007.93},{"text":"approach","start":6007.93,"end":6008.41},{"text":"would","start":6008.85,"end":6009.25},{"text":"promote","start":6009.25,"end":6009.97},{"text":"greater","start":6010.37,"end":6010.77},{"text":"legitimacy,","start":6010.77,"end":6011.65},{"text":"predictability","start":6011.89,"end":6013.01},{"text":"and","start":6013.29,"end":6013.45},{"text":"acceptance","start":6013.45,"end":6014.21},{"text":"amongst","start":6014.29,"end":6014.85},{"text":"all","start":6014.85,"end":6015.25},{"text":"States.","start":6015.25,"end":6015.89}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Madam Chair, Namibia considers it an abuse of legal principle for any State acting unilaterally to impose its domestic practice in place of universally recognized principles in a manner that undermines established international law and institutions.","start":6016.53,"end":6035.73,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6016.53,"end":6016.69},{"text":"conclusion,","start":6016.69,"end":6017.17},{"text":"Madam","start":6017.17,"end":6017.49},{"text":"Chair,","start":6017.49,"end":6017.73},{"text":"Namibia","start":6018.29,"end":6018.69},{"text":"considers","start":6018.69,"end":6019.25},{"text":"it","start":6019.25,"end":6019.49},{"text":"an","start":6019.77,"end":6019.89},{"text":"abuse","start":6019.89,"end":6020.37},{"text":"of","start":6020.37,"end":6020.61},{"text":"legal","start":6020.61,"end":6020.93},{"text":"principle","start":6020.93,"end":6021.57},{"text":"for","start":6021.81,"end":6022.05},{"text":"any","start":6022.05,"end":6022.29},{"text":"State","start":6022.29,"end":6022.77},{"text":"acting","start":6023.01,"end":6023.49},{"text":"unilaterally","start":6023.49,"end":6024.37},{"text":"to","start":6024.77,"end":6024.85},{"text":"impose","start":6024.85,"end":6025.33},{"text":"its","start":6025.33,"end":6025.49},{"text":"domestic","start":6025.49,"end":6025.97},{"text":"practice","start":6025.97,"end":6026.53},{"text":"in","start":6026.93,"end":6027.09},{"text":"place","start":6027.09,"end":6027.49},{"text":"of","start":6027.49,"end":6027.73},{"text":"universally","start":6027.73,"end":6028.29},{"text":"recognized","start":6028.29,"end":6028.85},{"text":"principles","start":6028.85,"end":6029.57},{"text":"in","start":6029.93,"end":6030.05},{"text":"a","start":6030.05,"end":6030.09},{"text":"manner","start":6030.09,"end":6030.57},{"text":"that","start":6030.77,"end":6031.01},{"text":"undermines","start":6031.01,"end":6031.61},{"text":"established","start":6031.61,"end":6032.29},{"text":"international","start":6033.01,"end":6033.93},{"text":"law","start":6033.93,"end":6034.01},{"text":"and","start":6034.21,"end":6034.61},{"text":"institutions.","start":6034.85,"end":6035.73}]},{"text":"Namibia discourages such conduct and calls for the principled, consistent and lawful application of universal jurisdiction.","start":6036.21,"end":6044.89,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Namibia","start":6036.21,"end":6036.69},{"text":"discourages","start":6036.69,"end":6037.29},{"text":"such","start":6037.29,"end":6037.53},{"text":"conduct","start":6037.53,"end":6038.13},{"text":"and","start":6038.53,"end":6038.69},{"text":"calls","start":6038.69,"end":6039.21},{"text":"for","start":6039.21,"end":6039.41},{"text":"the","start":6039.41,"end":6039.49},{"text":"principled,","start":6039.49,"end":6040.25},{"text":"consistent","start":6040.25,"end":6041.05},{"text":"and","start":6041.29,"end":6041.61},{"text":"lawful","start":6041.61,"end":6042.01},{"text":"application","start":6042.01,"end":6042.73},{"text":"of","start":6042.97,"end":6043.29},{"text":"universal","start":6043.29,"end":6043.93},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":6044.17,"end":6044.89}]},{"text":"I thank you, Madam Chair.","start":6045.13,"end":6045.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6045.13,"end":6045.21},{"text":"thank","start":6045.21,"end":6045.45},{"text":"you,","start":6045.45,"end":6045.53},{"text":"Madam","start":6045.53,"end":6045.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":6045.77,"end":6045.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NAM","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Namibia"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":6046.89,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:40:47","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Namibia for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Congo.","start":6046.89,"end":6054.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6046.89,"end":6046.97},{"text":"thank","start":6046.97,"end":6047.21},{"text":"the","start":6047.21,"end":6047.29},{"text":"distinguished","start":6047.29,"end":6048.01},{"text":"representative","start":6048.17,"end":6049.13},{"text":"of","start":6049.13,"end":6049.21},{"text":"Namibia","start":6049.21,"end":6049.69},{"text":"for","start":6049.69,"end":6050.05},{"text":"his","start":6050.05,"end":6050.25},{"text":"statement,","start":6050.25,"end":6050.85},{"text":"and","start":6050.85,"end":6051.01},{"text":"I","start":6051.01,"end":6051.05},{"text":"give","start":6051.05,"end":6051.21},{"text":"the","start":6051.21,"end":6051.37},{"text":"floor","start":6051.37,"end":6051.69},{"text":"to","start":6051.69,"end":6051.81},{"text":"the","start":6051.81,"end":6051.89},{"text":"distinguished","start":6051.89,"end":6052.57},{"text":"representative","start":6052.57,"end":6053.37},{"text":"of","start":6053.37,"end":6053.61},{"text":"Congo.","start":6053.69,"end":6054.17}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":6062.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:41:03","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair.","start":6062.01,"end":6064.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6062.01,"end":6063.09},{"text":"Chair.","start":6063.77,"end":6064.25}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for giving my delegation the opportunity to speak on item 85 on universal jurisdiction.","start":6066.21,"end":6074.05,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Congo","start":6094.97,"end":6095.61},{"text":"welcomes","start":6095.61,"end":6096.41},{"text":"the","start":6096.41,"end":6096.53},{"text":"report","start":6097.05,"end":6097.69},{"text":"of","start":6097.73,"end":6097.93},{"text":"the","start":6098.01,"end":6098.13},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":6098.81,"end":6099.81},{"text":"of","start":6099.81,"end":6099.93},{"text":"the","start":6099.93,"end":6100.05},{"text":"UN","start":6100.05,"end":6100.65},{"text":"on","start":6100.65,"end":6100.89},{"text":"universal","start":6100.89,"end":6101.37},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":6101.37,"end":6102.25},{"text":"that","start":6102.97,"end":6103.13},{"text":"is,","start":6103.13,"end":6103.53},{"text":"report","start":6103.77,"end":6104.25},{"text":"A/81/205.","start":6104.25,"end":6107.45}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, let us recall that universal jurisdiction is a principle of law that allows a state to prosecute the perpetrators of serious crimes, including war crimes, crimes against humanity, the crime of genocide and torture, even if these crimes were committed in a different country and the perpetrator and victim are both nationals of a different state.","start":6108.97,"end":6138.33,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6108.97,"end":6109.45},{"text":"Chair,","start":6109.45,"end":6110.01},{"text":"let","start":6111.05,"end":6111.21},{"text":"us","start":6111.21,"end":6111.29},{"text":"recall","start":6111.29,"end":6111.85},{"text":"that","start":6113.29,"end":6113.45},{"text":"universal","start":6113.49,"end":6113.89},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6113.89,"end":6114.45},{"text":"is","start":6114.45,"end":6114.53},{"text":"a","start":6114.53,"end":6114.57},{"text":"principle","start":6114.57,"end":6115.13},{"text":"of","start":6115.13,"end":6115.21},{"text":"law","start":6115.21,"end":6115.45},{"text":"that","start":6115.45,"end":6115.61},{"text":"allows","start":6115.61,"end":6115.93},{"text":"a","start":6115.93,"end":6115.97},{"text":"state","start":6115.97,"end":6116.45},{"text":"to","start":6116.45,"end":6116.57},{"text":"prosecute","start":6116.57,"end":6117.17},{"text":"the","start":6117.17,"end":6117.25},{"text":"perpetrators","start":6117.25,"end":6117.85},{"text":"of","start":6117.89,"end":6118.09},{"text":"serious","start":6118.09,"end":6119.05},{"text":"crimes,","start":6119.05,"end":6119.69},{"text":"including","start":6120.25,"end":6120.89},{"text":"war","start":6121.37,"end":6121.69},{"text":"crimes,","start":6121.69,"end":6122.17},{"text":"crimes","start":6122.17,"end":6122.45},{"text":"against","start":6122.45,"end":6122.73},{"text":"humanity,","start":6122.73,"end":6123.53},{"text":"the","start":6124.17,"end":6124.21},{"text":"crime","start":6124.21,"end":6124.61},{"text":"of","start":6124.61,"end":6124.81},{"text":"genocide","start":6124.81,"end":6125.53},{"text":"and","start":6125.53,"end":6125.73},{"text":"torture,","start":6125.73,"end":6126.25},{"text":"even","start":6127.29,"end":6127.69},{"text":"if","start":6127.69,"end":6127.93},{"text":"these","start":6128.81,"end":6129.37},{"text":"crimes","start":6129.61,"end":6130.25},{"text":"were","start":6130.33,"end":6130.49},{"text":"committed","start":6130.49,"end":6131.13},{"text":"in","start":6132.33,"end":6132.65},{"text":"a","start":6132.65,"end":6132.81},{"text":"different","start":6132.81,"end":6133.25},{"text":"country","start":6133.25,"end":6133.85},{"text":"and","start":6133.85,"end":6133.97},{"text":"the","start":6133.97,"end":6134.05},{"text":"perpetrator","start":6134.05,"end":6134.73},{"text":"and","start":6134.73,"end":6135.01},{"text":"victim","start":6135.01,"end":6135.37},{"text":"are","start":6135.37,"end":6135.45},{"text":"both","start":6135.45,"end":6135.69},{"text":"nationals","start":6135.69,"end":6136.41},{"text":"of","start":6136.49,"end":6136.73},{"text":"a","start":6136.89,"end":6136.97},{"text":"different","start":6136.97,"end":6137.61},{"text":"state.","start":6137.61,"end":6138.33}]},{"text":"In any case, the battle against impunity has no limits and produces erga omnes obligations for all member states of the international community.","start":6141.21,"end":6149.37,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6141.21,"end":6141.37},{"text":"any","start":6141.37,"end":6141.61},{"text":"case,","start":6141.61,"end":6141.93},{"text":"the","start":6141.93,"end":6142.05},{"text":"battle","start":6142.05,"end":6142.29},{"text":"against","start":6142.29,"end":6142.57},{"text":"impunity","start":6142.57,"end":6143.13},{"text":"has","start":6143.13,"end":6143.45},{"text":"no","start":6143.53,"end":6143.93},{"text":"limits","start":6143.93,"end":6144.33},{"text":"and","start":6144.41,"end":6144.89},{"text":"produces","start":6145.05,"end":6145.61},{"text":"erga","start":6145.61,"end":6145.81},{"text":"omnes","start":6145.81,"end":6146.21},{"text":"obligations","start":6146.21,"end":6146.81},{"text":"for","start":6146.81,"end":6146.97},{"text":"all","start":6146.97,"end":6147.13},{"text":"member","start":6147.13,"end":6147.45},{"text":"states","start":6147.45,"end":6147.77},{"text":"of","start":6147.77,"end":6147.85},{"text":"the","start":6147.85,"end":6147.97},{"text":"international","start":6147.97,"end":6148.65},{"text":"community.","start":6148.65,"end":6149.37}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction is subject to the principle of subsidiarity.","start":6150.25,"end":6153.53,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":6150.25,"end":6150.73},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6150.73,"end":6151.45},{"text":"is","start":6151.45,"end":6151.57},{"text":"subject","start":6151.57,"end":6151.85},{"text":"to","start":6151.85,"end":6151.93},{"text":"the","start":6151.93,"end":6152.01},{"text":"principle","start":6152.01,"end":6152.49},{"text":"of","start":6152.49,"end":6152.65},{"text":"subsidiarity.","start":6152.65,"end":6153.53}]},{"text":"which requires that national courts should be seized of cases before the application of universal jurisdiction.","start":6154.49,"end":6161.29,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"which","start":6154.49,"end":6154.89},{"text":"requires","start":6154.89,"end":6155.61},{"text":"that","start":6155.61,"end":6155.85},{"text":"national","start":6155.85,"end":6156.33},{"text":"courts","start":6156.33,"end":6156.73},{"text":"should","start":6156.73,"end":6156.89},{"text":"be","start":6156.89,"end":6157.05},{"text":"seized","start":6157.05,"end":6157.53},{"text":"of","start":6157.53,"end":6157.93},{"text":"cases","start":6157.93,"end":6158.57},{"text":"before","start":6158.57,"end":6159.05},{"text":"the","start":6159.05,"end":6159.25},{"text":"application","start":6159.25,"end":6159.93},{"text":"of","start":6159.93,"end":6160.13},{"text":"universal","start":6160.13,"end":6160.53},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":6160.53,"end":6161.29}]},{"text":"In light of this principle, while encouraging the prosecution and extradition of individuals who have committed the most serious crimes, States have the opportunity and even the obligation to prosecute perpetrators of international crimes who are located on their territory, regardless of the nationality of the perpetrators or victims.","start":6162.01,"end":6183.05,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6162.01,"end":6162.09},{"text":"light","start":6162.09,"end":6162.25},{"text":"of","start":6162.25,"end":6162.33},{"text":"this","start":6162.33,"end":6162.49},{"text":"principle,","start":6162.49,"end":6163.09},{"text":"while","start":6163.09,"end":6163.29},{"text":"encouraging","start":6163.29,"end":6163.85},{"text":"the","start":6163.85,"end":6163.97},{"text":"prosecution","start":6163.97,"end":6164.57},{"text":"and","start":6164.57,"end":6164.69},{"text":"extradition","start":6164.69,"end":6165.61},{"text":"of","start":6165.65,"end":6165.77},{"text":"individuals","start":6165.77,"end":6166.65},{"text":"who","start":6167.45,"end":6167.61},{"text":"have","start":6167.61,"end":6167.85},{"text":"committed","start":6167.85,"end":6168.49},{"text":"the","start":6168.73,"end":6168.81},{"text":"most","start":6168.81,"end":6169.17},{"text":"serious","start":6169.17,"end":6169.61},{"text":"crimes,","start":6169.61,"end":6170.17},{"text":"States","start":6171.17,"end":6171.69},{"text":"have","start":6171.69,"end":6172.01},{"text":"the","start":6172.09,"end":6172.21},{"text":"opportunity","start":6173.13,"end":6173.77},{"text":"and","start":6173.77,"end":6173.93},{"text":"even","start":6173.93,"end":6174.13},{"text":"the","start":6174.13,"end":6174.25},{"text":"obligation","start":6174.25,"end":6175.05},{"text":"to","start":6175.05,"end":6175.29},{"text":"prosecute","start":6175.29,"end":6176.17},{"text":"perpetrators","start":6176.41,"end":6176.97},{"text":"of","start":6176.97,"end":6177.05},{"text":"international","start":6177.05,"end":6177.69},{"text":"crimes","start":6177.69,"end":6178.25},{"text":"who","start":6178.49,"end":6178.57},{"text":"are","start":6178.57,"end":6178.65},{"text":"located","start":6178.65,"end":6179.21},{"text":"on","start":6179.21,"end":6179.45},{"text":"their","start":6179.45,"end":6179.69},{"text":"territory,","start":6179.69,"end":6180.41},{"text":"regardless","start":6180.65,"end":6181.05},{"text":"of","start":6181.05,"end":6181.13},{"text":"the","start":6181.13,"end":6181.21},{"text":"nationality","start":6181.21,"end":6181.77},{"text":"of","start":6181.77,"end":6181.85},{"text":"the","start":6181.85,"end":6181.93},{"text":"perpetrators","start":6181.93,"end":6182.41},{"text":"or","start":6182.41,"end":6182.53},{"text":"victims.","start":6182.53,"end":6183.05}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, I'd like to mention that universal jurisdiction draws its significance from international law after the Second World War.","start":6183.61,"end":6194.81,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6183.61,"end":6183.89},{"text":"Chair,","start":6183.89,"end":6184.17},{"text":"I'd","start":6185.25,"end":6185.45},{"text":"like","start":6185.45,"end":6185.61},{"text":"to","start":6185.61,"end":6185.73},{"text":"mention","start":6185.73,"end":6186.17},{"text":"that","start":6186.17,"end":6186.49},{"text":"universal","start":6186.49,"end":6186.93},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6186.93,"end":6187.77},{"text":"draws","start":6188.13,"end":6188.73},{"text":"its","start":6188.89,"end":6189.25},{"text":"significance","start":6189.25,"end":6189.93},{"text":"from","start":6189.93,"end":6190.25},{"text":"international","start":6190.25,"end":6191.57},{"text":"law","start":6191.57,"end":6191.85},{"text":"after","start":6192.61,"end":6193.13},{"text":"the","start":6193.21,"end":6193.41},{"text":"Second","start":6193.85,"end":6194.17},{"text":"World","start":6194.17,"end":6194.41},{"text":"War.","start":6194.41,"end":6194.81}]},{"text":"It has been recognized in the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, which define the rules of armed conflict.","start":6196.09,"end":6205.85,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6196.09,"end":6196.41},{"text":"has","start":6196.41,"end":6196.57},{"text":"been","start":6196.57,"end":6197.21},{"text":"recognized","start":6197.29,"end":6198.21},{"text":"in","start":6198.21,"end":6198.65},{"text":"the","start":6198.65,"end":6198.77},{"text":"four","start":6198.97,"end":6199.53},{"text":"Geneva","start":6199.97,"end":6200.45},{"text":"Conventions","start":6200.45,"end":6201.05},{"text":"of","start":6201.05,"end":6201.17},{"text":"1949,","start":6201.17,"end":6202.33},{"text":"which","start":6202.33,"end":6202.77},{"text":"define","start":6202.93,"end":6203.65},{"text":"the","start":6203.97,"end":6204.09},{"text":"rules","start":6204.21,"end":6204.85},{"text":"of","start":6204.93,"end":6205.01},{"text":"armed","start":6205.01,"end":6205.25},{"text":"conflict.","start":6205.25,"end":6205.85}]},{"text":"This principle has been consolidated and enshrined in other conventions, such as the Convention Against Torture of 1984.","start":6205.85,"end":6213.09,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6205.85,"end":6206.05},{"text":"principle","start":6206.05,"end":6206.53},{"text":"has","start":6206.53,"end":6206.69},{"text":"been","start":6206.69,"end":6206.93},{"text":"consolidated","start":6206.93,"end":6207.65},{"text":"and","start":6207.65,"end":6207.85},{"text":"enshrined","start":6207.85,"end":6208.21},{"text":"in","start":6208.21,"end":6208.29},{"text":"other","start":6208.29,"end":6208.53},{"text":"conventions,","start":6208.53,"end":6209.21},{"text":"such","start":6209.21,"end":6209.57},{"text":"as","start":6209.57,"end":6209.81},{"text":"the","start":6209.89,"end":6209.97},{"text":"Convention","start":6209.97,"end":6210.49},{"text":"Against","start":6210.49,"end":6210.89},{"text":"Torture","start":6210.89,"end":6211.29},{"text":"of","start":6211.29,"end":6211.41},{"text":"1984.","start":6211.41,"end":6213.09}]},{"text":"Congo believes that it is important to protect universal values by prosecuting perpetrators of all war crimes that fall under universal jurisdiction.","start":6213.49,"end":6223.97,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Congo","start":6213.49,"end":6213.89},{"text":"believes","start":6213.89,"end":6214.21},{"text":"that","start":6214.21,"end":6214.53},{"text":"it","start":6214.53,"end":6214.69},{"text":"is","start":6214.69,"end":6214.77},{"text":"important","start":6214.77,"end":6215.17},{"text":"to","start":6215.17,"end":6215.25},{"text":"protect","start":6215.25,"end":6215.73},{"text":"universal","start":6215.73,"end":6216.37},{"text":"values","start":6216.37,"end":6217.01},{"text":"by","start":6218.69,"end":6218.85},{"text":"prosecuting","start":6218.85,"end":6219.53},{"text":"perpetrators","start":6219.53,"end":6220.01},{"text":"of","start":6220.01,"end":6220.09},{"text":"all","start":6220.09,"end":6220.37},{"text":"war","start":6220.93,"end":6221.17},{"text":"crimes","start":6221.17,"end":6221.81},{"text":"that","start":6221.97,"end":6222.37},{"text":"fall","start":6222.37,"end":6222.69},{"text":"under","start":6222.69,"end":6222.89},{"text":"universal","start":6222.89,"end":6223.29},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":6223.29,"end":6223.97}]},{"text":"This is why Congo signed in 1998, as well as ratified and deposited the instruments of ratification in May 2004 of the Rome Statute, which established the International Criminal Court.","start":6225.21,"end":6236.97,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6225.21,"end":6225.37},{"text":"is","start":6225.37,"end":6225.53},{"text":"why","start":6225.53,"end":6225.77},{"text":"Congo","start":6225.77,"end":6226.17},{"text":"signed","start":6226.17,"end":6226.61},{"text":"in","start":6226.61,"end":6226.69},{"text":"1998,","start":6226.69,"end":6227.89},{"text":"as","start":6227.89,"end":6228.09},{"text":"well","start":6228.09,"end":6228.21},{"text":"as","start":6228.21,"end":6228.33},{"text":"ratified","start":6228.33,"end":6228.93},{"text":"and","start":6228.93,"end":6229.09},{"text":"deposited","start":6229.09,"end":6229.57},{"text":"the","start":6229.57,"end":6229.65},{"text":"instruments","start":6229.65,"end":6230.09},{"text":"of","start":6230.09,"end":6230.17},{"text":"ratification","start":6230.17,"end":6230.81},{"text":"in","start":6230.81,"end":6230.89},{"text":"May","start":6230.89,"end":6231.05},{"text":"2004","start":6231.05,"end":6231.93},{"text":"of","start":6232.41,"end":6232.65},{"text":"the","start":6232.65,"end":6232.93},{"text":"Rome","start":6233.21,"end":6233.69},{"text":"Statute,","start":6233.77,"end":6234.57},{"text":"which","start":6234.57,"end":6235.05},{"text":"established","start":6235.13,"end":6235.65},{"text":"the","start":6235.65,"end":6235.73},{"text":"International","start":6235.73,"end":6236.25},{"text":"Criminal","start":6236.25,"end":6236.65},{"text":"Court.","start":6236.65,"end":6236.97}]},{"text":"In the same vein, Congolese law has domestic mechanisms with immediate effect regarding the punishment of crimes.","start":6239.21,"end":6248.09,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6239.21,"end":6239.29},{"text":"the","start":6239.29,"end":6239.37},{"text":"same","start":6239.37,"end":6239.69},{"text":"vein,","start":6239.69,"end":6240.01},{"text":"Congolese","start":6240.33,"end":6240.89},{"text":"law","start":6240.97,"end":6241.53},{"text":"has","start":6241.77,"end":6242.25},{"text":"domestic","start":6242.73,"end":6243.33},{"text":"mechanisms","start":6243.33,"end":6244.17},{"text":"with","start":6244.41,"end":6244.65},{"text":"immediate","start":6244.65,"end":6245.29},{"text":"effect","start":6245.29,"end":6245.85},{"text":"regarding","start":6245.85,"end":6246.21},{"text":"the","start":6246.21,"end":6246.29},{"text":"punishment","start":6246.29,"end":6247.05},{"text":"of","start":6247.05,"end":6247.37},{"text":"crimes.","start":6247.37,"end":6248.09}]},{"text":"with regard to the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":6248.89,"end":6252.01,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"with","start":6248.89,"end":6249.05},{"text":"regard","start":6249.05,"end":6249.45},{"text":"to","start":6249.45,"end":6249.69},{"text":"the","start":6249.69,"end":6249.81},{"text":"principle","start":6249.81,"end":6250.37},{"text":"of","start":6250.37,"end":6250.57},{"text":"universal","start":6250.73,"end":6251.21},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":6251.21,"end":6252.01}]},{"text":"My delegation therefore encourages the ILC for all of its work to consolidate the primacy of law in international affairs, as well as to combat impunity.","start":6252.29,"end":6262.97,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6268.09,"end":6268.49},{"text":"Chair,","start":6268.49,"end":6268.97},{"text":"we","start":6269.93,"end":6270.13},{"text":"are","start":6270.13,"end":6270.25},{"text":"committed","start":6270.25,"end":6270.57},{"text":"to","start":6270.57,"end":6270.65},{"text":"the","start":6270.65,"end":6270.73},{"text":"principle","start":6270.73,"end":6271.21},{"text":"of","start":6271.21,"end":6271.29},{"text":"zero","start":6271.29,"end":6271.69},{"text":"tolerance","start":6271.69,"end":6272.33},{"text":"toward","start":6272.33,"end":6272.89},{"text":"impunity,","start":6272.89,"end":6273.57},{"text":"but","start":6273.57,"end":6273.69},{"text":"we'd","start":6274.25,"end":6274.49},{"text":"like","start":6274.49,"end":6274.73},{"text":"to","start":6274.73,"end":6274.85},{"text":"make","start":6274.85,"end":6275.05},{"text":"the","start":6275.05,"end":6275.17},{"text":"following","start":6275.17,"end":6275.45},{"text":"recommendations.","start":6275.45,"end":6276.33}]},{"text":"exercising universal jurisdiction in accordance with the law respecting the principle of subsidiarity and complementarity, which encourages the primacy of national courts for prosecution, encouraging accountability when necessary at the national and international levels, maintaining and applying the principle under which universal jurisdiction is applicable when the states concerned do not take action in accordance with the principle of complementarity, and considering the legal more than the political situation, which otherwise would lead to discriminatory practices.","start":6277.65,"end":6318.21,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6320.13,"end":6320.45},{"text":"lastly,","start":6320.45,"end":6321.09},{"text":"the","start":6321.09,"end":6321.21},{"text":"application","start":6321.25,"end":6321.85},{"text":"of","start":6321.85,"end":6321.97},{"text":"the","start":6321.97,"end":6322.09},{"text":"principle","start":6322.09,"end":6322.77},{"text":"of","start":6322.97,"end":6323.25},{"text":"fair","start":6323.57,"end":6323.97},{"text":"and","start":6323.97,"end":6324.13},{"text":"equitable","start":6324.13,"end":6324.77},{"text":"trials,","start":6324.77,"end":6325.41},{"text":"presumption","start":6325.41,"end":6326.05},{"text":"of","start":6326.05,"end":6326.13},{"text":"innocence,","start":6326.13,"end":6326.77},{"text":"and","start":6327.09,"end":6327.49},{"text":"responsibility,","start":6327.49,"end":6328.53},{"text":"as","start":6329.85,"end":6329.97},{"text":"well","start":6329.97,"end":6330.09},{"text":"as","start":6330.09,"end":6330.21},{"text":"the","start":6330.21,"end":6330.33},{"text":"access","start":6330.37,"end":6330.93},{"text":"of","start":6330.97,"end":6331.05},{"text":"victims","start":6331.05,"end":6331.65},{"text":"to","start":6331.65,"end":6331.85},{"text":"justice.","start":6331.85,"end":6332.53}]},{"text":"In closing, Madam Chair, Congo remains committed to ending impunity, recognizing the primary competence of national jurisdictions.","start":6332.77,"end":6343.65,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6332.77,"end":6332.93},{"text":"closing,","start":6332.93,"end":6333.49},{"text":"Madam","start":6333.49,"end":6333.77},{"text":"Chair,","start":6333.77,"end":6334.21},{"text":"Congo","start":6334.61,"end":6335.09},{"text":"remains","start":6335.09,"end":6335.89},{"text":"committed","start":6335.89,"end":6336.37},{"text":"to","start":6336.37,"end":6336.53},{"text":"ending","start":6336.61,"end":6337.05},{"text":"impunity,","start":6337.05,"end":6337.81},{"text":"recognizing","start":6338.69,"end":6340.45},{"text":"the","start":6340.45,"end":6340.65},{"text":"primary","start":6340.69,"end":6341.09},{"text":"competence","start":6341.09,"end":6341.81},{"text":"of","start":6341.81,"end":6341.97},{"text":"national","start":6341.97,"end":6342.61},{"text":"jurisdictions.","start":6342.69,"end":6343.65}]},{"text":"We would like to support all states that call for accountability when it comes to impunity, as long, of course, that it is based upon respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of states as enshrined in the UN Charter.","start":6344.05,"end":6359.49,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6344.05,"end":6344.21},{"text":"would","start":6344.21,"end":6344.33},{"text":"like","start":6344.33,"end":6344.61},{"text":"to","start":6344.61,"end":6345.01},{"text":"support","start":6346.21,"end":6346.53},{"text":"all","start":6346.53,"end":6347.01},{"text":"states","start":6347.01,"end":6347.65},{"text":"that","start":6347.65,"end":6347.81},{"text":"call","start":6347.81,"end":6348.05},{"text":"for","start":6348.05,"end":6348.17},{"text":"accountability","start":6348.17,"end":6349.17},{"text":"when","start":6349.45,"end":6349.65},{"text":"it","start":6349.65,"end":6349.73},{"text":"comes","start":6349.73,"end":6349.97},{"text":"to","start":6349.97,"end":6350.09},{"text":"impunity,","start":6350.09,"end":6350.93},{"text":"as","start":6351.45,"end":6351.57},{"text":"long,","start":6351.57,"end":6351.81},{"text":"of","start":6351.93,"end":6352.05},{"text":"course,","start":6352.05,"end":6352.41},{"text":"that","start":6352.41,"end":6352.53},{"text":"it","start":6352.53,"end":6352.65},{"text":"is","start":6352.69,"end":6353.01},{"text":"based","start":6353.01,"end":6353.29},{"text":"upon","start":6353.29,"end":6353.65},{"text":"respect","start":6353.65,"end":6354.13},{"text":"for","start":6354.13,"end":6354.29},{"text":"sovereignty","start":6354.29,"end":6355.01},{"text":"and","start":6355.01,"end":6355.21},{"text":"non-interference","start":6355.21,"end":6356.29},{"text":"in","start":6356.29,"end":6356.45},{"text":"the","start":6356.45,"end":6356.57},{"text":"internal","start":6356.57,"end":6356.97},{"text":"affairs","start":6356.97,"end":6357.41},{"text":"of","start":6357.41,"end":6357.49},{"text":"states","start":6357.49,"end":6357.97},{"text":"as","start":6357.97,"end":6358.29},{"text":"enshrined","start":6358.29,"end":6358.69},{"text":"in","start":6358.69,"end":6358.77},{"text":"the","start":6358.77,"end":6358.85},{"text":"UN","start":6358.85,"end":6359.13},{"text":"Charter.","start":6359.13,"end":6359.49}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":6359.49,"end":6359.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6359.49,"end":6359.73},{"text":"you.","start":6359.73,"end":6359.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"COG","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Congo"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":6362.29,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:46:03","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Congo for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates.","start":6362.29,"end":6369.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6362.29,"end":6362.33},{"text":"thank","start":6362.33,"end":6362.53},{"text":"the","start":6362.53,"end":6362.65},{"text":"distinguished","start":6362.65,"end":6363.29},{"text":"representative","start":6363.29,"end":6364.13},{"text":"of","start":6364.13,"end":6364.21},{"text":"Congo","start":6364.29,"end":6364.77},{"text":"for","start":6364.85,"end":6365.09},{"text":"his","start":6365.09,"end":6365.29},{"text":"statement,","start":6365.29,"end":6365.89},{"text":"and","start":6365.89,"end":6366.01},{"text":"I","start":6366.01,"end":6366.05},{"text":"give","start":6366.05,"end":6366.21},{"text":"the","start":6366.21,"end":6366.33},{"text":"floor","start":6366.37,"end":6366.69},{"text":"to","start":6366.69,"end":6366.81},{"text":"the","start":6366.81,"end":6366.89},{"text":"distinguished","start":6366.89,"end":6367.57},{"text":"representative","start":6367.57,"end":6368.33},{"text":"of","start":6368.33,"end":6368.45},{"text":"the","start":6368.45,"end":6368.53},{"text":"United","start":6368.53,"end":6369.05},{"text":"Arab","start":6369.05,"end":6369.33},{"text":"Emirates.","start":6369.37,"end":6369.89}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":6378.69,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:46:19","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":6378.69,"end":6379.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6378.69,"end":6379.01},{"text":"you,","start":6379.01,"end":6379.17},{"text":"Chair.","start":6379.17,"end":6379.65}]},{"text":"We express our appreciation to the Secretary-General for his report on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":6380.37,"end":6388.05,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6380.37,"end":6380.69},{"text":"express","start":6380.69,"end":6381.13},{"text":"our","start":6381.13,"end":6381.37},{"text":"appreciation","start":6381.37,"end":6382.13},{"text":"to","start":6382.13,"end":6382.25},{"text":"the","start":6382.25,"end":6382.37},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":6382.37,"end":6383.33},{"text":"for","start":6383.33,"end":6383.57},{"text":"his","start":6383.57,"end":6383.81},{"text":"report","start":6383.81,"end":6384.25},{"text":"on","start":6384.25,"end":6384.37},{"text":"the","start":6384.37,"end":6384.49},{"text":"scope","start":6384.49,"end":6384.85},{"text":"and","start":6384.85,"end":6385.01},{"text":"application","start":6385.05,"end":6385.65},{"text":"of","start":6385.65,"end":6385.73},{"text":"the","start":6385.73,"end":6385.89},{"text":"principle","start":6385.89,"end":6386.41},{"text":"of","start":6386.41,"end":6386.57},{"text":"universal","start":6386.57,"end":6387.17},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":6387.17,"end":6388.05}]},{"text":"We emphasize the importance of ensuring that our discussions contribute to clarifying the scope of this principle in a manner that prevents its politicization, preserves trust, and strengthens cooperation among States to prevent impunity.","start":6388.29,"end":6404.21,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6388.29,"end":6388.69},{"text":"emphasize","start":6388.69,"end":6389.41},{"text":"the","start":6389.41,"end":6389.53},{"text":"importance","start":6389.53,"end":6390.45},{"text":"of","start":6391.69,"end":6391.85},{"text":"ensuring","start":6391.85,"end":6392.37},{"text":"that","start":6392.37,"end":6392.53},{"text":"our","start":6392.53,"end":6392.69},{"text":"discussions","start":6392.69,"end":6393.33},{"text":"contribute","start":6393.33,"end":6393.89},{"text":"to","start":6393.89,"end":6393.97},{"text":"clarifying","start":6393.97,"end":6394.61},{"text":"the","start":6394.61,"end":6394.73},{"text":"scope","start":6394.73,"end":6395.05},{"text":"of","start":6395.05,"end":6395.17},{"text":"this","start":6395.17,"end":6395.33},{"text":"principle","start":6395.33,"end":6396.05},{"text":"in","start":6396.05,"end":6396.17},{"text":"a","start":6396.17,"end":6396.21},{"text":"manner","start":6396.21,"end":6396.61},{"text":"that","start":6396.61,"end":6396.81},{"text":"prevents","start":6396.81,"end":6397.25},{"text":"its","start":6397.25,"end":6397.41},{"text":"politicization,","start":6397.41,"end":6398.61},{"text":"preserves","start":6398.93,"end":6399.49},{"text":"trust,","start":6399.49,"end":6400.37},{"text":"and","start":6400.37,"end":6401.01},{"text":"strengthens","start":6401.01,"end":6401.57},{"text":"cooperation","start":6401.57,"end":6402.29},{"text":"among","start":6402.29,"end":6402.53},{"text":"States","start":6402.53,"end":6403.01},{"text":"to","start":6403.01,"end":6403.09},{"text":"prevent","start":6403.09,"end":6403.49},{"text":"impunity.","start":6403.49,"end":6404.21}]},{"text":"We believe that the principle of universal jurisdiction can play an important role in preventing impunity and ensuring accountability for the most serious international crimes.","start":6404.69,"end":6414.37,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6404.69,"end":6404.93},{"text":"believe","start":6404.93,"end":6405.29},{"text":"that","start":6405.29,"end":6405.41},{"text":"the","start":6405.41,"end":6405.53},{"text":"principle","start":6405.53,"end":6406.05},{"text":"of","start":6406.05,"end":6406.13},{"text":"universal","start":6406.13,"end":6406.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6406.77,"end":6407.49},{"text":"can","start":6407.49,"end":6407.73},{"text":"play","start":6407.73,"end":6407.97},{"text":"an","start":6407.97,"end":6408.09},{"text":"important","start":6408.09,"end":6408.73},{"text":"role","start":6408.73,"end":6409.01},{"text":"in","start":6409.01,"end":6409.17},{"text":"preventing","start":6409.17,"end":6409.65},{"text":"impunity","start":6409.65,"end":6410.37},{"text":"and","start":6410.61,"end":6410.81},{"text":"ensuring","start":6410.81,"end":6411.29},{"text":"accountability","start":6411.29,"end":6412.05},{"text":"for","start":6412.05,"end":6412.21},{"text":"the","start":6412.21,"end":6412.37},{"text":"most","start":6412.37,"end":6412.65},{"text":"serious","start":6412.65,"end":6413.01},{"text":"international","start":6413.01,"end":6413.73},{"text":"crimes.","start":6413.73,"end":6414.37}]},{"text":"This requires that its scope and application be properly defined in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, including sovereign equality, non-interference in the internal affairs of states, as well as the immunities accorded to state officials.","start":6414.69,"end":6431.97,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6414.69,"end":6415.01},{"text":"requires","start":6415.01,"end":6415.65},{"text":"that","start":6415.65,"end":6415.81},{"text":"its","start":6415.81,"end":6416.09},{"text":"scope","start":6416.09,"end":6416.49},{"text":"and","start":6416.49,"end":6416.65},{"text":"application","start":6416.65,"end":6417.29},{"text":"be","start":6417.29,"end":6417.41},{"text":"properly","start":6417.41,"end":6417.97},{"text":"defined","start":6417.97,"end":6418.61},{"text":"in","start":6418.85,"end":6419.05},{"text":"accordance","start":6419.05,"end":6419.65},{"text":"with","start":6419.65,"end":6419.77},{"text":"the","start":6419.77,"end":6419.85},{"text":"Charter","start":6419.85,"end":6420.29},{"text":"of","start":6420.29,"end":6420.37},{"text":"the","start":6420.37,"end":6420.45},{"text":"United","start":6420.45,"end":6420.93},{"text":"Nations","start":6420.93,"end":6421.41},{"text":"and","start":6421.41,"end":6421.53},{"text":"the","start":6421.53,"end":6421.61},{"text":"principles","start":6421.61,"end":6422.17},{"text":"of","start":6422.17,"end":6422.29},{"text":"international","start":6422.29,"end":6423.37},{"text":"law,","start":6423.37,"end":6423.45},{"text":"including","start":6423.65,"end":6424.29},{"text":"sovereign","start":6424.29,"end":6424.73},{"text":"equality,","start":6424.73,"end":6425.41},{"text":"non-interference","start":6425.73,"end":6426.65},{"text":"in","start":6426.65,"end":6426.77},{"text":"the","start":6426.77,"end":6426.85},{"text":"internal","start":6426.85,"end":6427.29},{"text":"affairs","start":6427.33,"end":6427.73},{"text":"of","start":6427.73,"end":6427.81},{"text":"states,","start":6427.81,"end":6428.37},{"text":"as","start":6428.61,"end":6428.85},{"text":"well","start":6428.85,"end":6429.01},{"text":"as","start":6429.09,"end":6429.25},{"text":"the","start":6429.25,"end":6429.33},{"text":"immunities","start":6429.33,"end":6429.97},{"text":"accorded","start":6429.97,"end":6430.41},{"text":"to","start":6430.41,"end":6430.57},{"text":"state","start":6430.57,"end":6431.17},{"text":"officials.","start":6431.17,"end":6431.97}]},{"text":"We stress the need for ensuring complementarity between universal jurisdiction and other forms of jurisdiction, so that it is not exercised in a manner that undermines the foundations of other forms of jurisdiction, including territorial jurisdiction, as well as jurisdiction based on the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.","start":6435.45,"end":6455.21,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":6522.41,"end":6522.53},{"text":"the","start":6522.53,"end":6522.65},{"text":"multilateral","start":6522.65,"end":6523.57},{"text":"level,","start":6523.57,"end":6523.93},{"text":"we","start":6523.93,"end":6524.09},{"text":"recently","start":6524.09,"end":6524.65},{"text":"hosted","start":6524.65,"end":6525.61},{"text":"the","start":6527.05,"end":6527.33},{"text":"15th","start":6528.41,"end":6529.37},{"text":"United","start":6529.45,"end":6530.01},{"text":"Nations","start":6530.01,"end":6530.41},{"text":"Congress","start":6530.41,"end":6531.05},{"text":"on","start":6531.05,"end":6531.21},{"text":"Crime","start":6531.21,"end":6531.49},{"text":"Prevention","start":6531.49,"end":6532.09},{"text":"and","start":6532.09,"end":6532.25},{"text":"Criminal","start":6532.25,"end":6532.73},{"text":"Justice","start":6532.73,"end":6533.21},{"text":"in","start":6533.21,"end":6533.37},{"text":"Abu","start":6533.37,"end":6533.65},{"text":"Dhabi.","start":6533.65,"end":6534.09}]},{"text":"We look forward to working together with you to build on the Abu Dhabi Declaration to strengthen international cooperation in this field, alongside efforts to advance the Pledge for Justice initiative and translate its commitments into practical measures.","start":6534.97,"end":6551.61,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6534.97,"end":6535.29},{"text":"look","start":6535.29,"end":6535.53},{"text":"forward","start":6535.53,"end":6536.05},{"text":"to","start":6536.05,"end":6536.13},{"text":"working","start":6536.13,"end":6536.57},{"text":"together","start":6536.57,"end":6536.97},{"text":"with","start":6536.97,"end":6537.29},{"text":"you","start":6537.29,"end":6537.61},{"text":"to","start":6537.93,"end":6538.09},{"text":"build","start":6538.09,"end":6538.49},{"text":"on","start":6538.49,"end":6538.73},{"text":"the","start":6538.73,"end":6538.93},{"text":"Abu","start":6538.93,"end":6539.05},{"text":"Dhabi","start":6539.05,"end":6539.29},{"text":"Declaration","start":6539.29,"end":6540.25},{"text":"to","start":6540.41,"end":6540.57},{"text":"strengthen","start":6540.57,"end":6541.13},{"text":"international","start":6541.13,"end":6541.81},{"text":"cooperation","start":6541.81,"end":6542.61},{"text":"in","start":6542.61,"end":6542.73},{"text":"this","start":6542.73,"end":6542.97},{"text":"field,","start":6542.97,"end":6543.41},{"text":"alongside","start":6543.69,"end":6544.33},{"text":"efforts","start":6544.33,"end":6544.77},{"text":"to","start":6544.77,"end":6544.85},{"text":"advance","start":6544.85,"end":6545.33},{"text":"the","start":6545.33,"end":6545.45},{"text":"Pledge","start":6545.45,"end":6545.85},{"text":"for","start":6545.93,"end":6546.17},{"text":"Justice","start":6546.17,"end":6546.89},{"text":"initiative","start":6547.29,"end":6548.09},{"text":"and","start":6548.41,"end":6548.65},{"text":"translate","start":6548.65,"end":6549.21},{"text":"its","start":6549.21,"end":6549.37},{"text":"commitments","start":6549.37,"end":6550.01},{"text":"into","start":6550.01,"end":6550.25},{"text":"practical","start":6550.25,"end":6550.81},{"text":"measures.","start":6550.81,"end":6551.61}]},{"text":"My country was the first State to make a pledge under this initiative.","start":6553.29,"end":6557.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":6553.29,"end":6553.53},{"text":"country","start":6553.53,"end":6554.01},{"text":"was","start":6554.01,"end":6554.17},{"text":"the","start":6554.17,"end":6554.29},{"text":"first","start":6554.29,"end":6554.73},{"text":"State","start":6554.73,"end":6555.49},{"text":"to","start":6555.49,"end":6555.61},{"text":"make","start":6555.61,"end":6555.85},{"text":"a","start":6555.85,"end":6555.89},{"text":"pledge","start":6555.89,"end":6556.25},{"text":"under","start":6556.25,"end":6556.57},{"text":"this","start":6556.57,"end":6556.77},{"text":"initiative.","start":6556.77,"end":6557.53}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Madam Chair, the UAE reaffirms its commitment to working constructively with Member States to strengthen a common understanding of the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction and to enhance international cooperation in criminal matters in the pursuit of justice.","start":6558.53,"end":6577.33,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":6590.89,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:49:51","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":6590.89,"end":6591.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6590.89,"end":6591.21},{"text":"you,","start":6591.21,"end":6591.33},{"text":"Madam","start":6591.33,"end":6591.61},{"text":"Chair.","start":6591.61,"end":6591.93}]},{"text":"Senegal lines itself with the statement delivered by Cameroon and Iran, respectively, on behalf of the African Group and the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":6593.21,"end":6601.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Senegal","start":6593.21,"end":6593.77},{"text":"lines","start":6593.77,"end":6593.93},{"text":"itself","start":6593.93,"end":6594.25},{"text":"with","start":6594.25,"end":6594.45},{"text":"the","start":6594.45,"end":6594.53},{"text":"statement","start":6594.53,"end":6594.97},{"text":"delivered","start":6594.97,"end":6595.45},{"text":"by","start":6595.45,"end":6595.69},{"text":"Cameroon","start":6595.69,"end":6596.49},{"text":"and","start":6596.53,"end":6596.73},{"text":"Iran,","start":6596.73,"end":6597.29},{"text":"respectively,","start":6597.97,"end":6598.53},{"text":"on","start":6598.53,"end":6598.61},{"text":"behalf","start":6598.61,"end":6598.89},{"text":"of","start":6598.89,"end":6599.01},{"text":"the","start":6599.01,"end":6599.09},{"text":"African","start":6599.09,"end":6599.53},{"text":"Group","start":6599.53,"end":6599.93},{"text":"and","start":6599.93,"end":6600.05},{"text":"the","start":6600.05,"end":6600.13},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":6600.13,"end":6600.73},{"text":"Movement.","start":6600.73,"end":6601.37}]},{"text":"I would like to add the following comments in its national capacity.","start":6602.33,"end":6605.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6602.33,"end":6602.41},{"text":"would","start":6602.45,"end":6602.57},{"text":"like","start":6602.57,"end":6602.81},{"text":"to","start":6602.81,"end":6603.13},{"text":"add","start":6603.13,"end":6603.37},{"text":"the","start":6603.37,"end":6603.49},{"text":"following","start":6603.61,"end":6604.05},{"text":"comments","start":6604.05,"end":6604.41},{"text":"in","start":6604.41,"end":6604.49},{"text":"its","start":6604.49,"end":6604.61},{"text":"national","start":6604.61,"end":6604.93},{"text":"capacity.","start":6604.93,"end":6605.53}]},{"text":"The delegation of Senegal thanks Secretary-General for his report containing information and observations presented by a limited number of states.","start":6606.33,"end":6614.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6606.33,"end":6606.41},{"text":"delegation","start":6606.41,"end":6606.89},{"text":"of","start":6606.89,"end":6606.97},{"text":"Senegal","start":6606.97,"end":6607.37},{"text":"thanks","start":6607.37,"end":6607.57},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":6607.57,"end":6608.21},{"text":"for","start":6608.21,"end":6608.57},{"text":"his","start":6608.57,"end":6608.89},{"text":"report","start":6608.89,"end":6609.61},{"text":"containing","start":6610.05,"end":6610.81},{"text":"information","start":6610.81,"end":6611.45},{"text":"and","start":6611.45,"end":6611.57},{"text":"observations","start":6611.57,"end":6612.25},{"text":"presented","start":6612.25,"end":6612.89},{"text":"by","start":6612.89,"end":6613.21},{"text":"a","start":6613.21,"end":6613.25},{"text":"limited","start":6613.25,"end":6613.61},{"text":"number","start":6613.61,"end":6613.93},{"text":"of","start":6613.93,"end":6614.01},{"text":"states.","start":6614.01,"end":6614.57}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the principle of universal jurisdiction remains one of the key tools for combating impunity for the most serious crimes that shock the conscience of humanity as a whole.","start":6615.41,"end":6625.73,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6615.41,"end":6615.73},{"text":"Chair,","start":6615.73,"end":6616.13},{"text":"the","start":6616.13,"end":6616.21},{"text":"principle","start":6616.21,"end":6616.65},{"text":"of","start":6616.65,"end":6616.73},{"text":"universal","start":6616.73,"end":6617.25},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6617.25,"end":6618.13},{"text":"remains","start":6618.13,"end":6618.49},{"text":"one","start":6618.49,"end":6618.65},{"text":"of","start":6618.65,"end":6618.77},{"text":"the","start":6618.77,"end":6618.89},{"text":"key","start":6619.01,"end":6619.33},{"text":"tools","start":6619.33,"end":6619.61},{"text":"for","start":6619.61,"end":6619.73},{"text":"combating","start":6619.73,"end":6620.21},{"text":"impunity","start":6620.21,"end":6621.09},{"text":"for","start":6621.41,"end":6621.73},{"text":"the","start":6621.73,"end":6621.85},{"text":"most","start":6621.85,"end":6622.09},{"text":"serious","start":6622.09,"end":6622.53},{"text":"crimes","start":6622.53,"end":6623.09},{"text":"that","start":6623.09,"end":6623.25},{"text":"shock","start":6623.25,"end":6623.57},{"text":"the","start":6623.57,"end":6623.65},{"text":"conscience","start":6623.65,"end":6624.13},{"text":"of","start":6624.17,"end":6624.29},{"text":"humanity","start":6624.29,"end":6624.85},{"text":"as","start":6625.01,"end":6625.17},{"text":"a","start":6625.17,"end":6625.25},{"text":"whole.","start":6625.25,"end":6625.73}]},{"text":"Senegal incorporated this principle into its domestic law, Law No.","start":6626.13,"end":6631.85,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Senegal","start":6626.13,"end":6627.01},{"text":"incorporated","start":6627.17,"end":6627.73},{"text":"this","start":6627.73,"end":6627.89},{"text":"principle","start":6627.89,"end":6628.45},{"text":"into","start":6628.45,"end":6628.85},{"text":"its","start":6628.93,"end":6629.25},{"text":"domestic","start":6629.25,"end":6629.89},{"text":"law,","start":6629.89,"end":6630.37},{"text":"Law","start":6631.25,"end":6631.49},{"text":"No.","start":6631.57,"end":6631.85}]},{"text":"2007-05 of February 2007 on the implementation of the Rome Statute of the ICC.","start":6631.97,"end":6639.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"2007-05","start":6631.97,"end":6634.69},{"text":"of","start":6634.69,"end":6634.77},{"text":"February","start":6634.77,"end":6635.09},{"text":"2007","start":6635.09,"end":6636.13},{"text":"on","start":6636.13,"end":6636.45},{"text":"the","start":6636.45,"end":6636.53},{"text":"implementation","start":6636.53,"end":6637.33},{"text":"of","start":6637.37,"end":6637.45},{"text":"the","start":6637.45,"end":6637.57},{"text":"Rome","start":6637.57,"end":6637.85},{"text":"Statute","start":6637.85,"end":6638.25},{"text":"of","start":6638.25,"end":6638.37},{"text":"the","start":6638.37,"end":6638.57},{"text":"ICC.","start":6638.57,"end":6639.57}]},{"text":"confers on Senegalese jurisdiction's competence for crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and certain acts of terrorism.","start":6640.33,"end":6649.37,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"confers","start":6640.33,"end":6641.21},{"text":"on","start":6641.21,"end":6641.53},{"text":"Senegalese","start":6641.69,"end":6642.41},{"text":"jurisdiction's","start":6642.41,"end":6643.09},{"text":"competence","start":6643.09,"end":6643.69},{"text":"for","start":6643.69,"end":6644.09},{"text":"crimes","start":6644.73,"end":6645.21},{"text":"of","start":6645.21,"end":6645.29},{"text":"genocide,","start":6645.29,"end":6645.85},{"text":"crimes","start":6645.85,"end":6646.13},{"text":"against","start":6646.13,"end":6646.41},{"text":"humanity,","start":6646.41,"end":6647.13},{"text":"war","start":6647.13,"end":6647.45},{"text":"crimes,","start":6647.45,"end":6647.93},{"text":"and","start":6647.93,"end":6648.05},{"text":"certain","start":6648.05,"end":6648.41},{"text":"acts","start":6648.41,"end":6648.57},{"text":"of","start":6648.57,"end":6648.65},{"text":"terrorism.","start":6648.65,"end":6649.37}]},{"text":"Similarly, Law 2002-408, which repeals Law 2008 on Combating money laundering and financing of terrorism in Articles 139 and 140 lays out extraterritorial jurisdiction, allowing Senegalese courts to be seized of these offenses when the perpetrators are located on Senegalese territory or under certain provisions linked to international conventions.","start":6650.09,"end":6682.61,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":6650.09,"end":6650.81},{"text":"Law","start":6651.53,"end":6651.77},{"text":"2002-408,","start":6651.77,"end":6654.65},{"text":"which","start":6654.65,"end":6655.21},{"text":"repeals","start":6655.21,"end":6656.09},{"text":"Law","start":6656.09,"end":6656.41},{"text":"2008","start":6656.41,"end":6657.77},{"text":"on","start":6659.05,"end":6659.37},{"text":"Combating","start":6660.21,"end":6661.01},{"text":"money","start":6661.09,"end":6661.49},{"text":"laundering","start":6661.49,"end":6661.93},{"text":"and","start":6661.93,"end":6662.05},{"text":"financing","start":6662.05,"end":6662.45},{"text":"of","start":6662.45,"end":6662.53},{"text":"terrorism","start":6662.53,"end":6663.65},{"text":"in","start":6663.81,"end":6664.05},{"text":"Articles","start":6664.05,"end":6664.93},{"text":"139","start":6664.93,"end":6666.13},{"text":"and","start":6666.13,"end":6666.25},{"text":"140","start":6666.29,"end":6667.41},{"text":"lays","start":6668.53,"end":6669.01},{"text":"out","start":6669.01,"end":6669.25},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":6669.25,"end":6670.37},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":6670.37,"end":6670.85},{"text":"allowing","start":6670.85,"end":6671.25},{"text":"Senegalese","start":6671.25,"end":6671.89},{"text":"courts","start":6671.89,"end":6672.37},{"text":"to","start":6672.37,"end":6672.77},{"text":"be","start":6672.93,"end":6673.09},{"text":"seized","start":6673.09,"end":6673.49},{"text":"of","start":6673.49,"end":6673.65},{"text":"these","start":6673.65,"end":6673.85},{"text":"offenses","start":6673.85,"end":6674.41},{"text":"when","start":6674.41,"end":6674.85},{"text":"the","start":6674.85,"end":6675.05},{"text":"perpetrators","start":6675.09,"end":6675.73},{"text":"are","start":6675.73,"end":6675.81},{"text":"located","start":6675.81,"end":6676.21},{"text":"on","start":6676.21,"end":6676.29},{"text":"Senegalese","start":6676.33,"end":6676.85},{"text":"territory","start":6676.85,"end":6677.65},{"text":"or","start":6678.05,"end":6678.37},{"text":"under","start":6678.37,"end":6678.57},{"text":"certain","start":6678.57,"end":6678.85},{"text":"provisions","start":6678.93,"end":6679.97},{"text":"linked","start":6680.69,"end":6681.05},{"text":"to","start":6681.05,"end":6681.13},{"text":"international","start":6681.17,"end":6681.81},{"text":"conventions.","start":6681.81,"end":6682.61}]},{"text":"In addition, Senegal is party to various international instruments that encourage states to establish their competence when the presumed crime took place on their territory and not to extradite.","start":6683.21,"end":6694.89,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction 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also are parties to the Convention on Enforced Disappearance, the International Convention on Combating Financing of Terrorism, the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols, the UN Convention Against Corruption, and the Lieberlana de Hague Convention on International with regard to the investigation and prosecution of the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other international crimes.","start":6695.21,"end":6720.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6695.21,"end":6695.29},{"text":"also","start":6695.29,"end":6695.57},{"text":"are","start":6695.57,"end":6695.69},{"text":"parties","start":6695.69,"end":6695.93},{"text":"to","start":6695.93,"end":6696.21},{"text":"the","start":6696.73,"end":6696.93},{"text":"Convention","start":6697.05,"end":6698.21},{"text":"on","start":6698.21,"end":6698.41},{"text":"Enforced","start":6698.41,"end":6698.81},{"text":"Disappearance,","start":6698.81,"end":6699.61},{"text":"the","start":6699.61,"end":6699.73},{"text":"International","start":6699.93,"end":6700.49},{"text":"Convention","start":6700.49,"end":6701.45},{"text":"on","start":6701.45,"end":6701.73},{"text":"Combating","start":6701.73,"end":6702.09},{"text":"Financing","start":6702.09,"end":6702.41},{"text":"of","start":6702.41,"end":6702.49},{"text":"Terrorism,","start":6702.49,"end":6703.77},{"text":"the","start":6704.33,"end":6704.49},{"text":"UN","start":6704.49,"end":6704.89},{"text":"Convention","start":6704.97,"end":6705.69},{"text":"Against","start":6705.69,"end":6706.25},{"text":"Transnational","start":6706.25,"end":6706.77},{"text":"Organized","start":6706.77,"end":6707.09},{"text":"Crime","start":6707.09,"end":6707.53},{"text":"and","start":6707.53,"end":6707.65},{"text":"its","start":6707.65,"end":6707.77},{"text":"Protocols,","start":6707.77,"end":6708.41},{"text":"the","start":6708.41,"end":6708.53},{"text":"UN","start":6708.53,"end":6708.81},{"text":"Convention","start":6708.81,"end":6709.37},{"text":"Against","start":6709.37,"end":6709.73},{"text":"Corruption,","start":6709.73,"end":6710.33},{"text":"and","start":6710.33,"end":6710.73},{"text":"the","start":6710.73,"end":6710.85},{"text":"Lieberlana","start":6710.89,"end":6711.49},{"text":"de","start":6711.49,"end":6711.57},{"text":"Hague","start":6711.57,"end":6711.77},{"text":"Convention","start":6711.77,"end":6712.29},{"text":"on","start":6712.29,"end":6712.49},{"text":"International","start":6712.49,"end":6713.09},{"text":"with","start":6713.17,"end":6713.49},{"text":"regard","start":6713.97,"end":6714.33},{"text":"to","start":6714.33,"end":6714.45},{"text":"the","start":6714.45,"end":6714.53},{"text":"investigation","start":6714.53,"end":6715.21},{"text":"and","start":6715.21,"end":6715.37},{"text":"prosecution","start":6715.37,"end":6716.01},{"text":"of","start":6716.01,"end":6716.09},{"text":"the","start":6716.09,"end":6716.25},{"text":"crime","start":6716.25,"end":6716.69},{"text":"of","start":6717.17,"end":6717.29},{"text":"genocide,","start":6717.29,"end":6717.85},{"text":"crimes","start":6717.85,"end":6718.05},{"text":"against","start":6718.05,"end":6718.29},{"text":"humanity,","start":6718.29,"end":6718.65},{"text":"war","start":6718.65,"end":6718.81},{"text":"crimes,","start":6718.81,"end":6719.25},{"text":"and","start":6719.25,"end":6719.37},{"text":"other","start":6719.37,"end":6719.57},{"text":"international","start":6719.57,"end":6720.05},{"text":"crimes.","start":6720.05,"end":6720.41}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the delegation of Senegal reaffirms firmly that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must absolutely and strictly respect the fundamental principles of international law, including the sovereign equality of states, respect for national sovereignty, and noninterference in the internal affairs of states.","start":6721.69,"end":6739.13,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":6983.21,"end":6984.01},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6984.01,"end":6985.05},{"text":"can","start":6985.37,"end":6985.69},{"text":"help","start":6985.69,"end":6986.17},{"text":"close","start":6986.49,"end":6987.13},{"text":"this","start":6987.13,"end":6987.45},{"text":"gap.","start":6987.45,"end":6987.93}]},{"text":"To retain its legitimacy, it must be exercised in good faith, in full respect of international law, including the sovereign equality of states, and in a manner that is neither selective nor politically motivated.","start":6988.81,"end":7009.49,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. 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Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Humanitarian","start":7029.89,"end":7030.77},{"text":"workers","start":7030.77,"end":7031.65},{"text":"are","start":7031.89,"end":7032.13},{"text":"often","start":7032.13,"end":7032.61},{"text":"present","start":7032.61,"end":7033.41},{"text":"where","start":7033.65,"end":7034.05},{"text":"these","start":7034.05,"end":7034.29},{"text":"crimes","start":7034.29,"end":7034.69},{"text":"occur,","start":7034.69,"end":7035.33},{"text":"and","start":7035.73,"end":7035.93},{"text":"their","start":7035.93,"end":7036.21},{"text":"access","start":7036.21,"end":7037.09},{"text":"depends","start":7037.09,"end":7037.65},{"text":"on","start":7037.65,"end":7037.81},{"text":"the","start":7037.81,"end":7037.97},{"text":"trust","start":7037.97,"end":7038.61},{"text":"of","start":7038.85,"end":7039.09},{"text":"all","start":7039.09,"end":7039.33},{"text":"parties.","start":7039.33,"end":7040.13}]},{"text":"Efforts to pursue accountability should therefore protect the neutrality and impartiality of humanitarian personnel.","start":7041.09,"end":7049.81,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Efforts","start":7041.09,"end":7041.73},{"text":"to","start":7041.73,"end":7041.89},{"text":"pursue","start":7041.89,"end":7042.37},{"text":"accountability","start":7042.37,"end":7043.41},{"text":"should","start":7043.41,"end":7043.77},{"text":"therefore","start":7043.77,"end":7044.21},{"text":"protect","start":7044.21,"end":7044.85},{"text":"the","start":7045.25,"end":7045.37},{"text":"neutrality","start":7045.37,"end":7046.45},{"text":"and","start":7046.61,"end":7046.81},{"text":"impartiality","start":7046.81,"end":7047.97},{"text":"of","start":7047.97,"end":7048.21},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7048.21,"end":7048.93},{"text":"personnel.","start":7048.93,"end":7049.81}]},{"text":"so that justice for victims never comes at the cost of aid of those in need.","start":7050.25,"end":7057.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"so","start":7050.25,"end":7050.57},{"text":"that","start":7050.57,"end":7050.77},{"text":"justice","start":7050.77,"end":7051.53},{"text":"for","start":7051.53,"end":7051.77},{"text":"victims","start":7051.77,"end":7052.65},{"text":"never","start":7052.97,"end":7053.53},{"text":"comes","start":7053.53,"end":7054.25},{"text":"at","start":7054.25,"end":7054.41},{"text":"the","start":7054.41,"end":7054.57},{"text":"cost","start":7054.57,"end":7055.37},{"text":"of","start":7055.85,"end":7056.17},{"text":"aid","start":7056.17,"end":7056.57},{"text":"of","start":7056.57,"end":7056.73},{"text":"those","start":7056.73,"end":7057.05},{"text":"in","start":7057.05,"end":7057.25},{"text":"need.","start":7057.25,"end":7057.77}]},{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished delegates, as Pope Francis reminded us in Fratelli Tutti, every human being has the right to live with dignity.","start":7058.81,"end":7070.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":7058.81,"end":7059.85},{"text":"distinguished","start":7059.89,"end":7060.69},{"text":"delegates,","start":7060.69,"end":7061.45},{"text":"as","start":7061.85,"end":7062.09},{"text":"Pope","start":7062.09,"end":7062.41},{"text":"Francis","start":7062.41,"end":7063.13},{"text":"reminded","start":7063.13,"end":7063.85},{"text":"us","start":7063.85,"end":7064.25},{"text":"in","start":7064.89,"end":7065.13},{"text":"Fratelli","start":7065.13,"end":7065.69},{"text":"Tutti,","start":7065.69,"end":7066.33},{"text":"every","start":7066.89,"end":7067.37},{"text":"human","start":7067.37,"end":7067.85},{"text":"being","start":7067.85,"end":7068.33},{"text":"has","start":7068.33,"end":7068.73},{"text":"the","start":7068.73,"end":7068.89},{"text":"right","start":7068.89,"end":7069.41},{"text":"to","start":7069.41,"end":7069.53},{"text":"live","start":7069.53,"end":7069.77},{"text":"with","start":7069.77,"end":7069.97},{"text":"dignity.","start":7069.97,"end":7070.73}]},{"text":"The Order of Malta supports every lawful effort to ensure that the gravest crimes do not go unpunished and that victims are not forgotten.","start":7071.29,"end":7084.89,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7071.29,"end":7071.41},{"text":"Order","start":7071.45,"end":7071.81},{"text":"of","start":7071.81,"end":7072.01},{"text":"Malta","start":7072.01,"end":7072.65},{"text":"supports","start":7072.89,"end":7073.77},{"text":"every","start":7073.93,"end":7074.49},{"text":"lawful","start":7074.49,"end":7075.21},{"text":"effort","start":7075.21,"end":7075.93},{"text":"to","start":7076.17,"end":7076.37},{"text":"ensure","start":7076.37,"end":7077.29},{"text":"that","start":7077.45,"end":7077.69},{"text":"the","start":7077.69,"end":7077.85},{"text":"gravest","start":7077.85,"end":7078.49},{"text":"crimes","start":7078.49,"end":7079.45},{"text":"do","start":7079.61,"end":7079.85},{"text":"not","start":7079.85,"end":7080.33},{"text":"go","start":7080.33,"end":7080.73},{"text":"unpunished","start":7080.73,"end":7081.61},{"text":"and","start":7081.93,"end":7082.21},{"text":"that","start":7082.21,"end":7082.49},{"text":"victims","start":7082.49,"end":7083.37},{"text":"are","start":7083.61,"end":7083.77},{"text":"not","start":7083.77,"end":7084.09},{"text":"forgotten.","start":7084.09,"end":7084.89}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":7085.13,"end":7085.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7085.13,"end":7085.29},{"text":"thank","start":7085.29,"end":7085.69},{"text":"you.","start":7085.69,"end":7085.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SMOM","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"SMOM"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":7087.77,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:58:08","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Sovereign Order of Malta for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the ICRC.","start":7087.77,"end":7095.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7087.77,"end":7087.81},{"text":"thank","start":7087.81,"end":7088.05},{"text":"the","start":7088.05,"end":7088.13},{"text":"distinguished","start":7088.13,"end":7088.81},{"text":"representative","start":7088.81,"end":7089.53},{"text":"of","start":7089.53,"end":7089.61},{"text":"the","start":7089.61,"end":7089.77},{"text":"Sovereign","start":7089.77,"end":7090.33},{"text":"Order","start":7090.33,"end":7090.61},{"text":"of","start":7090.61,"end":7090.73},{"text":"Malta","start":7090.73,"end":7091.21},{"text":"for","start":7091.21,"end":7091.45},{"text":"her","start":7091.45,"end":7091.61},{"text":"statement,","start":7091.61,"end":7092.25},{"text":"and","start":7092.25,"end":7092.37},{"text":"I","start":7092.37,"end":7092.41},{"text":"give","start":7092.41,"end":7092.65},{"text":"the","start":7092.65,"end":7092.73},{"text":"floor","start":7092.73,"end":7093.05},{"text":"to","start":7093.05,"end":7093.13},{"text":"the","start":7093.13,"end":7093.21},{"text":"distinguished","start":7093.21,"end":7093.85},{"text":"representative","start":7093.85,"end":7094.57},{"text":"of","start":7094.57,"end":7094.73},{"text":"the","start":7094.73,"end":7094.85},{"text":"ICRC.","start":7094.89,"end":7095.93}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":7096.09,"end":7096.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":7096.09,"end":7096.29},{"text":"have","start":7096.29,"end":7096.45},{"text":"the","start":7096.45,"end":7096.53},{"text":"floor.","start":7096.57,"end":7096.77}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":7098.49,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=1:58:19","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":7098.49,"end":7099.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7098.49,"end":7098.81},{"text":"you,","start":7098.81,"end":7098.89},{"text":"Madam","start":7098.89,"end":7099.25},{"text":"Chair.","start":7099.25,"end":7099.61}]},{"text":"Chair, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the ICRC, welcomes the continued interest of the United Nations General Assembly in the principle of universal jurisdiction and would like to share its observations on the importance of universal jurisdiction as it relates to international humanitarian law, IHL.","start":7100.73,"end":7123.37,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":7100.73,"end":7101.05},{"text":"the","start":7101.77,"end":7101.85},{"text":"International","start":7101.85,"end":7102.49},{"text":"Committee","start":7102.49,"end":7103.13},{"text":"of","start":7103.21,"end":7103.37},{"text":"the","start":7103.37,"end":7103.45},{"text":"Red","start":7103.45,"end":7103.65},{"text":"Cross,","start":7103.65,"end":7104.17},{"text":"the","start":7104.33,"end":7104.45},{"text":"ICRC,","start":7104.49,"end":7105.37},{"text":"welcomes","start":7105.93,"end":7106.53},{"text":"the","start":7106.53,"end":7106.65},{"text":"continued","start":7106.65,"end":7107.21},{"text":"interest","start":7107.21,"end":7107.85},{"text":"of","start":7107.93,"end":7108.17},{"text":"the","start":7108.21,"end":7108.29},{"text":"United","start":7108.29,"end":7108.81},{"text":"Nations","start":7108.81,"end":7109.45},{"text":"General","start":7109.45,"end":7109.89},{"text":"Assembly","start":7109.89,"end":7110.57},{"text":"in","start":7110.97,"end":7111.13},{"text":"the","start":7111.13,"end":7111.21},{"text":"principle","start":7111.21,"end":7111.85},{"text":"of","start":7111.85,"end":7112.01},{"text":"universal","start":7112.01,"end":7112.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7112.57,"end":7113.45},{"text":"and","start":7113.89,"end":7114.01},{"text":"would","start":7114.01,"end":7114.17},{"text":"like","start":7114.17,"end":7114.49},{"text":"to","start":7114.49,"end":7114.61},{"text":"share","start":7114.61,"end":7114.97},{"text":"its","start":7114.97,"end":7115.13},{"text":"observations","start":7115.13,"end":7116.01},{"text":"on","start":7116.33,"end":7116.49},{"text":"the","start":7116.49,"end":7116.61},{"text":"importance","start":7116.61,"end":7117.29},{"text":"of","start":7117.29,"end":7117.45},{"text":"universal","start":7117.45,"end":7118.01},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7118.01,"end":7118.89},{"text":"as","start":7119.05,"end":7119.29},{"text":"it","start":7119.29,"end":7119.41},{"text":"relates","start":7119.41,"end":7120.01},{"text":"to","start":7120.01,"end":7120.21},{"text":"international","start":7120.21,"end":7120.97},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7120.97,"end":7121.85},{"text":"law,","start":7121.85,"end":7122.17},{"text":"IHL.","start":7122.65,"end":7123.37}]},{"text":"Certain crimes committed during an armed conflict are so grave that they affect the international community as a whole.","start":7124.93,"end":7132.61,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Certain","start":7124.93,"end":7125.41},{"text":"crimes","start":7125.41,"end":7125.89},{"text":"committed","start":7125.89,"end":7126.65},{"text":"during","start":7126.65,"end":7127.01},{"text":"an","start":7127.01,"end":7127.25},{"text":"armed","start":7127.25,"end":7127.45},{"text":"conflict","start":7127.45,"end":7128.29},{"text":"are","start":7128.29,"end":7128.37},{"text":"so","start":7128.37,"end":7128.77},{"text":"grave","start":7128.77,"end":7129.33},{"text":"that","start":7129.41,"end":7129.65},{"text":"they","start":7129.65,"end":7129.73},{"text":"affect","start":7129.73,"end":7130.37},{"text":"the","start":7130.37,"end":7130.45},{"text":"international","start":7130.45,"end":7131.09},{"text":"community","start":7131.09,"end":7131.81},{"text":"as","start":7131.97,"end":7132.17},{"text":"a","start":7132.17,"end":7132.21},{"text":"whole.","start":7132.21,"end":7132.61}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction over international crimes, regardless of where they occur, seeks to end impunity and to prevent those who commit such serious crimes from evading accountability in third countries.","start":7133.57,"end":7147.25,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":7133.57,"end":7134.17},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7134.17,"end":7135.09},{"text":"over","start":7135.17,"end":7135.33},{"text":"international","start":7135.33,"end":7136.05},{"text":"crimes,","start":7136.05,"end":7136.69},{"text":"regardless","start":7137.09,"end":7137.97},{"text":"of","start":7138.09,"end":7138.17},{"text":"where","start":7138.17,"end":7138.37},{"text":"they","start":7138.37,"end":7138.53},{"text":"occur,","start":7138.53,"end":7139.09},{"text":"seeks","start":7139.17,"end":7139.57},{"text":"to","start":7139.57,"end":7139.77},{"text":"end","start":7139.81,"end":7140.09},{"text":"impunity","start":7140.09,"end":7140.93},{"text":"and","start":7141.25,"end":7141.45},{"text":"to","start":7141.45,"end":7141.57},{"text":"prevent","start":7141.57,"end":7142.17},{"text":"those","start":7142.17,"end":7142.53},{"text":"who","start":7142.53,"end":7142.69},{"text":"commit","start":7142.69,"end":7143.01},{"text":"such","start":7143.01,"end":7143.21},{"text":"serious","start":7143.21,"end":7143.73},{"text":"crimes","start":7143.73,"end":7144.29},{"text":"from","start":7144.69,"end":7144.93},{"text":"evading","start":7144.93,"end":7145.49},{"text":"accountability","start":7145.49,"end":7146.25},{"text":"in","start":7146.25,"end":7146.37},{"text":"third","start":7146.37,"end":7146.61},{"text":"countries.","start":7146.61,"end":7147.25}]},{"text":"In other words, universal jurisdiction is a key tool for ensuring that serious violations of IHL are deterred and, when they do occur, investigated and, if appropriate, prosecuted.","start":7147.93,"end":7161.85,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7176.37,"end":7176.53},{"text":"Geneva","start":7176.53,"end":7176.93},{"text":"Conventions","start":7176.93,"end":7177.65},{"text":"of","start":7177.65,"end":7177.73},{"text":"1949","start":7177.73,"end":7178.85},{"text":"and","start":7179.09,"end":7179.29},{"text":"their","start":7179.29,"end":7179.41},{"text":"Additional","start":7179.41,"end":7179.81},{"text":"Protocol","start":7179.81,"end":7180.53},{"text":"I","start":7180.53,"end":7180.57},{"text":"of","start":7180.57,"end":7180.65},{"text":"1977","start":7180.65,"end":7182.21},{"text":"require","start":7182.61,"end":7183.33},{"text":"that","start":7183.41,"end":7183.57},{"text":"states","start":7183.57,"end":7184.05},{"text":"establish","start":7184.05,"end":7184.57},{"text":"universal","start":7184.57,"end":7185.09},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7185.09,"end":7185.89},{"text":"in","start":7185.89,"end":7185.97},{"text":"their","start":7185.97,"end":7186.13},{"text":"national","start":7186.13,"end":7186.57},{"text":"legislation","start":7186.57,"end":7187.49},{"text":"for","start":7187.85,"end":7187.97},{"text":"certain","start":7187.97,"end":7188.41},{"text":"violations","start":7188.41,"end":7189.17},{"text":"of","start":7189.17,"end":7189.33},{"text":"these","start":7189.37,"end":7189.57},{"text":"treaties,","start":7189.57,"end":7190.21},{"text":"which","start":7190.41,"end":7190.69},{"text":"are","start":7190.69,"end":7190.77},{"text":"known","start":7190.77,"end":7191.17},{"text":"as","start":7191.25,"end":7191.45},{"text":"grave","start":7191.45,"end":7191.77},{"text":"breaches.","start":7191.77,"end":7192.37}]},{"text":"Additionally, Under customary IHL, states may establish universal jurisdiction for all other serious violations of IHL committed both in international and non-international armed conflict.","start":7193.25,"end":7208.01,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":7193.25,"end":7194.21},{"text":"Under","start":7194.69,"end":7194.97},{"text":"customary","start":7194.97,"end":7195.69},{"text":"IHL,","start":7195.69,"end":7196.41},{"text":"states","start":7196.73,"end":7197.29},{"text":"may","start":7197.29,"end":7197.45},{"text":"establish","start":7197.45,"end":7198.09},{"text":"universal","start":7198.09,"end":7198.65},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7198.65,"end":7199.53},{"text":"for","start":7199.85,"end":7200.09},{"text":"all","start":7200.09,"end":7200.41},{"text":"other","start":7200.49,"end":7200.73},{"text":"serious","start":7200.73,"end":7201.29},{"text":"violations","start":7201.29,"end":7201.97},{"text":"of","start":7201.97,"end":7202.09},{"text":"IHL","start":7202.09,"end":7202.73},{"text":"committed","start":7203.05,"end":7203.53},{"text":"both","start":7203.53,"end":7203.85},{"text":"in","start":7203.85,"end":7203.97},{"text":"international","start":7203.97,"end":7204.89},{"text":"and","start":7205.05,"end":7205.33},{"text":"non-international","start":7205.33,"end":7206.41},{"text":"armed","start":7207.13,"end":7207.33},{"text":"conflict.","start":7207.33,"end":7208.01}]},{"text":"Other international instruments contain similar provisions.","start":7209.45,"end":7212.97,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Other","start":7209.45,"end":7209.69},{"text":"international","start":7209.69,"end":7210.33},{"text":"instruments","start":7210.33,"end":7211.21},{"text":"contain","start":7211.37,"end":7211.85},{"text":"similar","start":7211.85,"end":7212.29},{"text":"provisions.","start":7212.29,"end":7212.97}]},{"text":"Several treaties require states parties to vest their courts with some form of universal jurisdiction over serious violations of the rules contained in these instruments.","start":7213.49,"end":7224.37,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":7213.49,"end":7214.05},{"text":"treaties","start":7214.05,"end":7214.69},{"text":"require","start":7214.69,"end":7215.25},{"text":"states","start":7215.25,"end":7215.73},{"text":"parties","start":7215.73,"end":7216.37},{"text":"to","start":7216.53,"end":7216.69},{"text":"vest","start":7216.69,"end":7217.05},{"text":"their","start":7217.05,"end":7217.17},{"text":"courts","start":7217.17,"end":7217.73},{"text":"with","start":7217.73,"end":7217.89},{"text":"some","start":7217.89,"end":7218.21},{"text":"form","start":7218.21,"end":7218.69},{"text":"of","start":7218.77,"end":7218.93},{"text":"universal","start":7218.93,"end":7219.49},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7219.49,"end":7220.29},{"text":"over","start":7220.61,"end":7220.85},{"text":"serious","start":7220.85,"end":7221.25},{"text":"violations","start":7221.25,"end":7222.13},{"text":"of","start":7222.13,"end":7222.29},{"text":"the","start":7222.29,"end":7222.37},{"text":"rules","start":7222.37,"end":7222.69},{"text":"contained","start":7222.69,"end":7223.29},{"text":"in","start":7223.29,"end":7223.41},{"text":"these","start":7223.41,"end":7223.65},{"text":"instruments.","start":7223.65,"end":7224.37}]},{"text":"These include, for example, the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Second Protocol, the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance.","start":7225.09,"end":7248.41,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7225.09,"end":7225.41},{"text":"include,","start":7225.41,"end":7225.97},{"text":"for","start":7226.45,"end":7226.69},{"text":"example,","start":7226.69,"end":7227.33},{"text":"the","start":7227.81,"end":7228.13},{"text":"Hague","start":7228.29,"end":7228.57},{"text":"Convention","start":7228.57,"end":7229.33},{"text":"for","start":7229.33,"end":7229.49},{"text":"the","start":7229.49,"end":7229.57},{"text":"Protection","start":7229.57,"end":7230.17},{"text":"of","start":7230.17,"end":7230.29},{"text":"Cultural","start":7230.29,"end":7230.69},{"text":"Property","start":7230.69,"end":7231.33},{"text":"in","start":7231.57,"end":7231.73},{"text":"the","start":7231.73,"end":7231.85},{"text":"Event","start":7231.85,"end":7232.21},{"text":"of","start":7232.25,"end":7232.37},{"text":"Armed","start":7232.45,"end":7232.69},{"text":"Conflict","start":7232.69,"end":7233.25},{"text":"and","start":7233.25,"end":7233.45},{"text":"its","start":7233.45,"end":7233.61},{"text":"Second","start":7233.61,"end":7233.81},{"text":"Protocol,","start":7233.89,"end":7234.53},{"text":"the","start":7235.09,"end":7235.25},{"text":"Convention","start":7235.25,"end":7235.81},{"text":"Against","start":7235.81,"end":7236.17},{"text":"Torture","start":7236.17,"end":7236.77},{"text":"and","start":7236.93,"end":7237.17},{"text":"Other","start":7237.17,"end":7237.41},{"text":"Cruel,","start":7237.41,"end":7237.89},{"text":"Inhuman","start":7238.05,"end":7238.77},{"text":"or","start":7238.77,"end":7238.93},{"text":"Degrading","start":7238.93,"end":7239.49},{"text":"Treatment","start":7239.49,"end":7240.05},{"text":"or","start":7240.21,"end":7240.37},{"text":"Punishment,","start":7240.37,"end":7241.09},{"text":"and","start":7241.77,"end":7242.17},{"text":"the","start":7242.41,"end":7242.61},{"text":"International","start":7242.61,"end":7243.29},{"text":"Convention","start":7243.29,"end":7243.93},{"text":"for","start":7244.17,"end":7244.33},{"text":"the","start":7244.33,"end":7244.41},{"text":"Protection","start":7244.41,"end":7245.13},{"text":"of","start":7245.37,"end":7245.61},{"text":"All","start":7245.61,"end":7245.93},{"text":"Persons","start":7245.93,"end":7246.65},{"text":"from","start":7246.81,"end":7247.05},{"text":"Enforced","start":7247.05,"end":7247.57},{"text":"Disappearance.","start":7247.57,"end":7248.41}]},{"text":"The Lugano/The Hague Convention on International Cooperation in the Investigation and Prosecution of the Crime of Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes and Other International Crimes bolsters the application of universal jurisdiction by enabling cooperation among states on various aspects of investigating and prosecuting international crimes.","start":7249.53,"end":7273.73,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7249.53,"end":7249.69},{"text":"Lugano/The","start":7249.77,"end":7250.37},{"text":"Hague","start":7250.41,"end":7250.61},{"text":"Convention","start":7250.61,"end":7251.45},{"text":"on","start":7251.53,"end":7251.69},{"text":"International","start":7251.69,"end":7252.41},{"text":"Cooperation","start":7252.41,"end":7253.45},{"text":"in","start":7253.77,"end":7254.01},{"text":"the","start":7254.01,"end":7254.09},{"text":"Investigation","start":7254.09,"end":7254.97},{"text":"and","start":7254.97,"end":7255.13},{"text":"Prosecution","start":7255.13,"end":7256.01},{"text":"of","start":7256.33,"end":7256.45},{"text":"the","start":7256.45,"end":7256.53},{"text":"Crime","start":7256.53,"end":7256.81},{"text":"of","start":7256.81,"end":7256.89},{"text":"Genocide,","start":7256.89,"end":7257.61},{"text":"Crimes","start":7257.61,"end":7258.01},{"text":"Against","start":7258.01,"end":7258.33},{"text":"Humanity,","start":7258.33,"end":7259.05},{"text":"War","start":7259.29,"end":7259.61},{"text":"Crimes","start":7259.61,"end":7260.17},{"text":"and","start":7260.25,"end":7260.49},{"text":"Other","start":7260.49,"end":7260.69},{"text":"International","start":7260.69,"end":7261.29},{"text":"Crimes","start":7261.29,"end":7261.85},{"text":"bolsters","start":7262.37,"end":7263.09},{"text":"the","start":7263.09,"end":7263.21},{"text":"application","start":7263.21,"end":7264.05},{"text":"of","start":7264.37,"end":7264.53},{"text":"universal","start":7264.53,"end":7265.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7265.05,"end":7265.81},{"text":"by","start":7266.13,"end":7266.25},{"text":"enabling","start":7266.25,"end":7266.73},{"text":"cooperation","start":7266.73,"end":7267.49},{"text":"among","start":7267.49,"end":7267.73},{"text":"states","start":7267.73,"end":7268.37},{"text":"on","start":7268.53,"end":7268.65},{"text":"various","start":7268.65,"end":7269.09},{"text":"aspects","start":7269.09,"end":7269.81},{"text":"of","start":7269.97,"end":7270.13},{"text":"investigating","start":7270.13,"end":7271.01},{"text":"and","start":7271.17,"end":7271.41},{"text":"prosecuting","start":7271.41,"end":7272.21},{"text":"international","start":7272.37,"end":7273.17},{"text":"crimes.","start":7273.17,"end":7273.73}]},{"text":"Chair, states have a responsibility to investigate war crimes over which they have jurisdiction and, if appropriate, prosecute the suspects.","start":7275.17,"end":7284.93,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":7275.17,"end":7275.57},{"text":"states","start":7276.21,"end":7276.65},{"text":"have","start":7276.65,"end":7276.85},{"text":"a","start":7276.85,"end":7276.89},{"text":"responsibility","start":7276.89,"end":7278.21},{"text":"to","start":7278.45,"end":7278.53},{"text":"investigate","start":7278.53,"end":7279.17},{"text":"war","start":7279.17,"end":7279.41},{"text":"crimes","start":7279.41,"end":7279.89},{"text":"over","start":7279.89,"end":7280.09},{"text":"which","start":7280.09,"end":7280.49},{"text":"they","start":7280.49,"end":7280.61},{"text":"have","start":7280.61,"end":7280.93},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7281.01,"end":7281.97},{"text":"and,","start":7282.05,"end":7282.45},{"text":"if","start":7282.53,"end":7282.77},{"text":"appropriate,","start":7282.77,"end":7283.41},{"text":"prosecute","start":7283.41,"end":7284.13},{"text":"the","start":7284.13,"end":7284.21},{"text":"suspects.","start":7284.21,"end":7284.93}]},{"text":"A growing number of states are using universal jurisdiction to effectively close prevailing accountability gaps for serious IHL violations that were perpetrated beyond their borders in past or ongoing armed conflicts.","start":7285.81,"end":7300.53,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7285.81,"end":7285.85},{"text":"growing","start":7285.85,"end":7286.21},{"text":"number","start":7286.21,"end":7286.65},{"text":"of","start":7286.65,"end":7286.73},{"text":"states","start":7286.73,"end":7287.41},{"text":"are","start":7287.49,"end":7287.65},{"text":"using","start":7287.65,"end":7288.13},{"text":"universal","start":7288.13,"end":7288.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7288.69,"end":7289.49},{"text":"to","start":7289.73,"end":7289.93},{"text":"effectively","start":7289.93,"end":7290.57},{"text":"close","start":7290.57,"end":7291.01},{"text":"prevailing","start":7291.01,"end":7291.57},{"text":"accountability","start":7291.57,"end":7292.37},{"text":"gaps","start":7292.37,"end":7292.77},{"text":"for","start":7293.01,"end":7293.17},{"text":"serious","start":7293.17,"end":7293.73},{"text":"IHL","start":7293.81,"end":7294.37},{"text":"violations","start":7294.37,"end":7295.25},{"text":"that","start":7295.49,"end":7295.69},{"text":"were","start":7295.69,"end":7295.81},{"text":"perpetrated","start":7295.81,"end":7296.53},{"text":"beyond","start":7296.53,"end":7297.01},{"text":"their","start":7297.01,"end":7297.17},{"text":"borders","start":7297.17,"end":7297.65},{"text":"in","start":7297.97,"end":7298.13},{"text":"past","start":7298.13,"end":7298.69},{"text":"or","start":7298.69,"end":7298.97},{"text":"ongoing","start":7298.97,"end":7299.57},{"text":"armed","start":7299.57,"end":7299.81},{"text":"conflicts.","start":7299.81,"end":7300.53}]},{"text":"The Universal Jurisdiction Annual Review 2026, published by Trial International and covering the year of 2025, tracks these actions.","start":7301.73,"end":7312.37,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7301.73,"end":7301.85},{"text":"Universal","start":7301.85,"end":7302.57},{"text":"Jurisdiction","start":7302.57,"end":7303.49},{"text":"Annual","start":7303.73,"end":7304.29},{"text":"Review","start":7304.29,"end":7304.69},{"text":"2026,","start":7304.69,"end":7305.81},{"text":"published","start":7306.21,"end":7306.73},{"text":"by","start":7306.73,"end":7306.81},{"text":"Trial","start":7306.81,"end":7307.17},{"text":"International","start":7307.17,"end":7308.05},{"text":"and","start":7308.37,"end":7308.53},{"text":"covering","start":7308.53,"end":7309.01},{"text":"the","start":7309.01,"end":7309.09},{"text":"year","start":7309.09,"end":7309.49},{"text":"of","start":7309.49,"end":7309.65},{"text":"2025,","start":7309.65,"end":7310.77},{"text":"tracks","start":7311.01,"end":7311.45},{"text":"these","start":7311.45,"end":7311.73},{"text":"actions.","start":7311.73,"end":7312.37}]},{"text":"According to the report, authorities in two states took steps to exercise universal jurisdiction for the first time in 2025.","start":7313.17,"end":7321.97,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"According","start":7313.17,"end":7313.65},{"text":"to","start":7313.65,"end":7313.81},{"text":"the","start":7313.81,"end":7313.89},{"text":"report,","start":7313.89,"end":7314.45},{"text":"authorities","start":7314.85,"end":7315.65},{"text":"in","start":7315.65,"end":7315.81},{"text":"two","start":7315.81,"end":7316.05},{"text":"states","start":7316.05,"end":7316.61},{"text":"took","start":7316.61,"end":7316.81},{"text":"steps","start":7316.81,"end":7317.33},{"text":"to","start":7317.33,"end":7317.49},{"text":"exercise","start":7317.49,"end":7318.21},{"text":"universal","start":7318.21,"end":7318.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7318.77,"end":7319.49},{"text":"for","start":7319.81,"end":7319.93},{"text":"the","start":7319.93,"end":7320.05},{"text":"first","start":7320.05,"end":7320.45},{"text":"time","start":7320.45,"end":7320.77},{"text":"in","start":7320.77,"end":7320.93},{"text":"2025.","start":7320.93,"end":7321.97}]},{"text":"Moreover, according to the report, 2025 saw 34 new cases opened or made public and 23 convictions entered on the basis of universal and other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction.","start":7322.69,"end":7337.57,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":7322.69,"end":7323.57},{"text":"according","start":7323.73,"end":7324.21},{"text":"to","start":7324.21,"end":7324.37},{"text":"the","start":7324.37,"end":7324.45},{"text":"report,","start":7324.45,"end":7325.01},{"text":"2025","start":7325.33,"end":7326.29},{"text":"saw","start":7326.29,"end":7326.53},{"text":"34","start":7326.53,"end":7327.45},{"text":"new","start":7327.45,"end":7327.89},{"text":"cases","start":7327.89,"end":7328.45},{"text":"opened","start":7328.45,"end":7328.93},{"text":"or","start":7328.93,"end":7329.01},{"text":"made","start":7329.01,"end":7329.25},{"text":"public","start":7329.25,"end":7329.81},{"text":"and","start":7330.21,"end":7330.41},{"text":"23","start":7330.41,"end":7331.01},{"text":"convictions","start":7331.01,"end":7331.81},{"text":"entered","start":7331.81,"end":7332.45},{"text":"on","start":7332.69,"end":7332.77},{"text":"the","start":7332.77,"end":7332.89},{"text":"basis","start":7332.89,"end":7333.33},{"text":"of","start":7333.37,"end":7333.49},{"text":"universal","start":7333.65,"end":7334.53},{"text":"and","start":7334.53,"end":7334.69},{"text":"other","start":7334.69,"end":7334.93},{"text":"forms","start":7334.93,"end":7335.41},{"text":"of","start":7335.41,"end":7335.57},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":7335.57,"end":7336.69},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7336.77,"end":7337.57}]},{"text":"These efforts send an important message to affected people and survivors It demonstrates that accountability is not just an aspirational goal, but a tangible commitment made by the international community.","start":7338.13,"end":7351.65,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7338.13,"end":7338.37},{"text":"efforts","start":7338.37,"end":7338.89},{"text":"send","start":7338.89,"end":7339.13},{"text":"an","start":7339.13,"end":7339.21},{"text":"important","start":7339.21,"end":7339.89},{"text":"message","start":7339.89,"end":7340.45},{"text":"to","start":7340.45,"end":7340.57},{"text":"affected","start":7340.57,"end":7341.05},{"text":"people","start":7341.05,"end":7341.41},{"text":"and","start":7341.41,"end":7341.65},{"text":"survivors","start":7341.65,"end":7342.37},{"text":"It","start":7342.85,"end":7343.01},{"text":"demonstrates","start":7343.01,"end":7343.89},{"text":"that","start":7343.89,"end":7344.01},{"text":"accountability","start":7344.01,"end":7345.09},{"text":"is","start":7345.33,"end":7345.57},{"text":"not","start":7345.57,"end":7345.93},{"text":"just","start":7345.93,"end":7346.17},{"text":"an","start":7346.17,"end":7346.29},{"text":"aspirational","start":7346.29,"end":7347.01},{"text":"goal,","start":7347.01,"end":7347.41},{"text":"but","start":7347.81,"end":7348.01},{"text":"a","start":7348.01,"end":7348.05},{"text":"tangible","start":7348.05,"end":7349.01},{"text":"commitment","start":7349.01,"end":7349.65},{"text":"made","start":7349.73,"end":7350.09},{"text":"by","start":7350.09,"end":7350.21},{"text":"the","start":7350.21,"end":7350.29},{"text":"international","start":7350.29,"end":7351.01},{"text":"community.","start":7351.01,"end":7351.65}]},{"text":"However, the ICRC notes that universal jurisdiction is not currently applied evenly across all armed conflicts.","start":7352.69,"end":7360.61,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7352.69,"end":7353.33},{"text":"the","start":7353.49,"end":7353.77},{"text":"ICRC","start":7353.77,"end":7354.41},{"text":"notes","start":7354.41,"end":7354.93},{"text":"that","start":7355.01,"end":7355.25},{"text":"universal","start":7355.25,"end":7355.89},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7355.89,"end":7356.69},{"text":"is","start":7356.69,"end":7356.85},{"text":"not","start":7356.85,"end":7357.17},{"text":"currently","start":7357.17,"end":7357.65},{"text":"applied","start":7357.65,"end":7358.13},{"text":"evenly","start":7358.21,"end":7358.85},{"text":"across","start":7358.93,"end":7359.41},{"text":"all","start":7359.49,"end":7359.73},{"text":"armed","start":7359.73,"end":7359.97},{"text":"conflicts.","start":7359.97,"end":7360.61}]},{"text":"Consistency in the application of universal jurisdiction is an important part of enforcing IHL.","start":7361.33,"end":7368.21,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Consistency","start":7361.33,"end":7362.45},{"text":"in","start":7362.53,"end":7362.65},{"text":"the","start":7362.65,"end":7362.73},{"text":"application","start":7362.73,"end":7363.57},{"text":"of","start":7363.65,"end":7363.89},{"text":"universal","start":7363.89,"end":7364.37},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7364.37,"end":7365.17},{"text":"is","start":7365.41,"end":7365.65},{"text":"an","start":7365.65,"end":7365.73},{"text":"important","start":7365.73,"end":7366.29},{"text":"part","start":7366.29,"end":7366.73},{"text":"of","start":7366.73,"end":7366.89},{"text":"enforcing","start":7366.89,"end":7367.49},{"text":"IHL.","start":7367.49,"end":7368.21}]},{"text":"States exercising universal jurisdiction should pursue accountability impartially and without bias.","start":7368.81,"end":7375.93,"topics":[{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":7368.81,"end":7369.29},{"text":"exercising","start":7369.29,"end":7370.09},{"text":"universal","start":7370.09,"end":7370.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7370.69,"end":7371.45},{"text":"should","start":7371.61,"end":7371.93},{"text":"pursue","start":7371.93,"end":7372.41},{"text":"accountability","start":7372.41,"end":7373.45},{"text":"impartially","start":7373.61,"end":7374.65},{"text":"and","start":7374.81,"end":7374.93},{"text":"without","start":7374.93,"end":7375.37},{"text":"bias.","start":7375.37,"end":7375.93}]},{"text":"The ICRC calls on States to reaffirm their commitment to combating impunity for war crimes by fulfilling the obligations they have already undertaken under treaty and customary IHL.","start":7376.73,"end":7389.37,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7376.73,"end":7376.85},{"text":"ICRC","start":7376.89,"end":7377.57},{"text":"calls","start":7377.57,"end":7377.97},{"text":"on","start":7377.97,"end":7378.09},{"text":"States","start":7378.09,"end":7378.73},{"text":"to","start":7378.73,"end":7378.85},{"text":"reaffirm","start":7378.85,"end":7379.45},{"text":"their","start":7379.45,"end":7379.61},{"text":"commitment","start":7379.61,"end":7380.25},{"text":"to","start":7380.41,"end":7380.57},{"text":"combating","start":7380.57,"end":7381.17},{"text":"impunity","start":7381.17,"end":7381.77},{"text":"for","start":7381.77,"end":7381.93},{"text":"war","start":7381.93,"end":7382.17},{"text":"crimes","start":7382.17,"end":7382.65},{"text":"by","start":7383.05,"end":7383.21},{"text":"fulfilling","start":7383.21,"end":7383.77},{"text":"the","start":7383.77,"end":7383.85},{"text":"obligations","start":7383.85,"end":7384.65},{"text":"they","start":7384.81,"end":7384.97},{"text":"have","start":7384.97,"end":7385.21},{"text":"already","start":7385.29,"end":7385.93},{"text":"undertaken","start":7385.93,"end":7386.65},{"text":"under","start":7386.89,"end":7387.13},{"text":"treaty","start":7387.13,"end":7387.77},{"text":"and","start":7387.77,"end":7387.93},{"text":"customary","start":7387.93,"end":7388.65},{"text":"IHL.","start":7388.65,"end":7389.37}]},{"text":"The ICRC continues to support States in fulfilling their obligation to repress serious violations of IHL.","start":7390.73,"end":7397.53,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7390.73,"end":7390.85},{"text":"ICRC","start":7390.89,"end":7391.53},{"text":"continues","start":7391.53,"end":7392.09},{"text":"to","start":7392.09,"end":7392.25},{"text":"support","start":7392.25,"end":7392.73},{"text":"States","start":7392.73,"end":7393.29},{"text":"in","start":7393.29,"end":7393.49},{"text":"fulfilling","start":7393.49,"end":7394.01},{"text":"their","start":7394.01,"end":7394.17},{"text":"obligation","start":7394.17,"end":7394.89},{"text":"to","start":7395.13,"end":7395.25},{"text":"repress","start":7395.25,"end":7395.81},{"text":"serious","start":7395.81,"end":7396.17},{"text":"violations","start":7396.17,"end":7396.81},{"text":"of","start":7396.81,"end":7396.89},{"text":"IHL.","start":7396.89,"end":7397.53}]},{"text":"The ICRC provides legal advice and technical assistance to governments, lawmakers and the judiciary on the national implementation of IHL and the ratification of treaties.","start":7398.17,"end":7408.41,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7398.17,"end":7398.37},{"text":"ICRC","start":7398.37,"end":7398.97},{"text":"provides","start":7398.97,"end":7399.37},{"text":"legal","start":7399.37,"end":7399.65},{"text":"advice","start":7399.65,"end":7400.17},{"text":"and","start":7400.17,"end":7400.37},{"text":"technical","start":7400.37,"end":7400.81},{"text":"assistance","start":7400.81,"end":7401.45},{"text":"to","start":7401.53,"end":7401.69},{"text":"governments,","start":7401.69,"end":7402.25},{"text":"lawmakers","start":7402.33,"end":7403.05},{"text":"and","start":7403.05,"end":7403.25},{"text":"the","start":7403.25,"end":7403.37},{"text":"judiciary","start":7403.37,"end":7404.09},{"text":"on","start":7404.33,"end":7404.49},{"text":"the","start":7404.49,"end":7404.57},{"text":"national","start":7404.57,"end":7404.97},{"text":"implementation","start":7404.97,"end":7405.73},{"text":"of","start":7405.73,"end":7405.85},{"text":"IHL","start":7405.85,"end":7406.49},{"text":"and","start":7406.73,"end":7406.89},{"text":"the","start":7406.89,"end":7406.97},{"text":"ratification","start":7406.97,"end":7407.73},{"text":"of","start":7407.73,"end":7407.81},{"text":"treaties.","start":7407.81,"end":7408.41}]},{"text":"The ICRC also develops specialized tools to assist states to understand and implement their obligations under IHL, such as public databases, reports and fact sheets.","start":7409.05,"end":7420.41,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7409.05,"end":7409.25},{"text":"ICRC","start":7409.25,"end":7409.93},{"text":"also","start":7409.93,"end":7410.21},{"text":"develops","start":7410.21,"end":7410.77},{"text":"specialized","start":7410.77,"end":7411.37},{"text":"tools","start":7411.37,"end":7411.93},{"text":"to","start":7411.93,"end":7412.13},{"text":"assist","start":7412.13,"end":7412.53},{"text":"states","start":7412.53,"end":7412.97},{"text":"to","start":7412.97,"end":7413.09},{"text":"understand","start":7413.09,"end":7413.77},{"text":"and","start":7413.85,"end":7414.09},{"text":"implement","start":7414.09,"end":7414.53},{"text":"their","start":7414.53,"end":7414.69},{"text":"obligations","start":7414.69,"end":7415.45},{"text":"under","start":7415.53,"end":7415.77},{"text":"IHL,","start":7415.77,"end":7416.33},{"text":"such","start":7416.65,"end":7417.05},{"text":"as","start":7417.05,"end":7417.21},{"text":"public","start":7417.21,"end":7417.65},{"text":"databases,","start":7417.65,"end":7418.49},{"text":"reports","start":7418.81,"end":7419.45},{"text":"and","start":7419.45,"end":7419.69},{"text":"fact","start":7419.69,"end":7420.01},{"text":"sheets.","start":7420.01,"end":7420.41}]},{"text":"Chair.","start":7422.01,"end":7422.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":7422.01,"end":7422.41}]},{"text":"Against a backdrop of the rising numbers of armed conflicts around the world and the disastrous humanitarian consequences we are witnessing, six states, Brazil, China, France, Jordan, Kazakhstan and South Africa, together with the ICRC, launched a global initiative to galvanize political commitment to IHL.","start":7422.93,"end":7443.09,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":7422.93,"end":7423.37},{"text":"a","start":7423.37,"end":7423.41},{"text":"backdrop","start":7423.41,"end":7423.97},{"text":"of","start":7423.97,"end":7424.13},{"text":"the","start":7424.13,"end":7424.25},{"text":"rising","start":7424.25,"end":7424.65},{"text":"numbers","start":7424.65,"end":7425.25},{"text":"of","start":7425.25,"end":7425.41},{"text":"armed","start":7425.41,"end":7425.73},{"text":"conflicts","start":7425.73,"end":7426.29},{"text":"around","start":7426.29,"end":7426.61},{"text":"the","start":7426.61,"end":7426.69},{"text":"world","start":7426.69,"end":7427.17},{"text":"and","start":7427.33,"end":7427.57},{"text":"the","start":7427.57,"end":7427.65},{"text":"disastrous","start":7427.65,"end":7428.61},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7428.61,"end":7429.29},{"text":"consequences","start":7429.29,"end":7430.05},{"text":"we","start":7430.05,"end":7430.21},{"text":"are","start":7430.21,"end":7430.29},{"text":"witnessing,","start":7430.29,"end":7430.85},{"text":"six","start":7431.17,"end":7431.53},{"text":"states,","start":7431.53,"end":7432.05},{"text":"Brazil,","start":7432.21,"end":7432.69},{"text":"China,","start":7433.09,"end":7433.65},{"text":"France,","start":7433.65,"end":7434.37},{"text":"Jordan,","start":7434.53,"end":7435.17},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":7435.17,"end":7435.97},{"text":"and","start":7435.97,"end":7436.09},{"text":"South","start":7436.09,"end":7436.25},{"text":"Africa,","start":7436.29,"end":7436.93},{"text":"together","start":7437.29,"end":7437.73},{"text":"with","start":7437.73,"end":7437.93},{"text":"the","start":7437.93,"end":7438.01},{"text":"ICRC,","start":7438.01,"end":7438.93},{"text":"launched","start":7439.25,"end":7439.65},{"text":"a","start":7439.65,"end":7439.69},{"text":"global","start":7439.69,"end":7440.01},{"text":"initiative","start":7440.01,"end":7440.61},{"text":"to","start":7440.61,"end":7440.69},{"text":"galvanize","start":7440.69,"end":7441.25},{"text":"political","start":7441.25,"end":7441.81},{"text":"commitment","start":7441.81,"end":7442.33},{"text":"to","start":7442.33,"end":7442.45},{"text":"IHL.","start":7442.45,"end":7443.09}]},{"text":"During discussions in the seven different work streams of the initiative, several states reflected on the importance of accountability for grave breaches and other serious violations of IHL.","start":7443.73,"end":7455.01,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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you, Chair.","start":7511.09,"end":7511.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7511.09,"end":7511.33},{"text":"you,","start":7511.33,"end":7511.41},{"text":"Chair.","start":7511.41,"end":7511.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ICRC","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"ICRC"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":7513.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=2:05:14","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the ICRC for her 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item.","start":7517.33,"end":7520.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7517.33,"end":7517.49},{"text":"heard","start":7517.49,"end":7517.73},{"text":"the","start":7517.73,"end":7517.81},{"text":"last","start":7517.81,"end":7518.13},{"text":"speaker","start":7518.13,"end":7518.53},{"text":"on","start":7518.53,"end":7518.69},{"text":"the","start":7518.69,"end":7518.77},{"text":"list","start":7518.77,"end":7519.17},{"text":"for","start":7519.17,"end":7519.33},{"text":"this","start":7519.33,"end":7519.73},{"text":"agenda","start":7519.73,"end":7520.29},{"text":"item.","start":7520.29,"end":7520.85}]},{"text":"It is my understanding that the delegation of the State of Palestine wishes to exercise the right of reply.","start":7521.25,"end":7527.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7521.25,"end":7521.37},{"text":"is","start":7521.41,"end":7521.57},{"text":"my","start":7521.57,"end":7521.81},{"text":"understanding","start":7521.81,"end":7522.49},{"text":"that","start":7522.49,"end":7522.65},{"text":"the","start":7522.65,"end":7522.73},{"text":"delegation","start":7522.73,"end":7523.45},{"text":"of","start":7523.45,"end":7523.57},{"text":"the","start":7523.57,"end":7523.69},{"text":"State","start":7523.73,"end":7524.05},{"text":"of","start":7524.05,"end":7524.29},{"text":"Palestine","start":7524.45,"end":7525.09},{"text":"wishes","start":7525.09,"end":7525.57},{"text":"to","start":7525.57,"end":7525.73},{"text":"exercise","start":7525.73,"end":7526.45},{"text":"the","start":7526.45,"end":7526.53},{"text":"right","start":7526.53,"end":7526.85},{"text":"of","start":7526.85,"end":7527.01},{"text":"reply.","start":7527.01,"end":7527.49}]},{"text":"Before we proceed further, I remind the 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encourage delegations exercising a right of reply to please be as brief as possible and to remain well within these time 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Thank you, Ambassador, for giving me the floor.","start":7565.21,"end":7568.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7565.21,"end":7565.45},{"text":"you,","start":7565.45,"end":7565.53},{"text":"Ambassador.","start":7565.57,"end":7566.33},{"text":"Thank","start":7566.49,"end":7566.69},{"text":"you,","start":7566.69,"end":7566.77},{"text":"Ambassador,","start":7566.77,"end":7567.37},{"text":"for","start":7567.37,"end":7567.53},{"text":"giving","start":7567.53,"end":7567.85},{"text":"me","start":7567.85,"end":7568.01},{"text":"the","start":7568.01,"end":7568.13},{"text":"floor.","start":7568.13,"end":7568.65}]},{"text":"In their statement, the Israeli representative said that no one abuses or uses international law and international justice more than the Palestinian delegation.","start":7569.29,"end":7582.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7569.29,"end":7569.49},{"text":"their","start":7569.49,"end":7569.69},{"text":"statement,","start":7569.69,"end":7570.57},{"text":"the","start":7570.57,"end":7570.69},{"text":"Israeli","start":7570.69,"end":7571.61},{"text":"representative","start":7571.61,"end":7572.49},{"text":"said","start":7572.49,"end":7572.97},{"text":"that","start":7573.13,"end":7573.45},{"text":"no","start":7573.45,"end":7573.69},{"text":"one","start":7573.69,"end":7574.01},{"text":"abuses","start":7574.01,"end":7574.81},{"text":"or","start":7574.81,"end":7574.97},{"text":"uses","start":7574.97,"end":7575.69},{"text":"international","start":7575.69,"end":7576.77},{"text":"law","start":7576.77,"end":7576.85},{"text":"and","start":7576.85,"end":7576.97},{"text":"international","start":7576.97,"end":7578.45},{"text":"justice","start":7578.45,"end":7579.05},{"text":"more","start":7579.65,"end":7579.89},{"text":"than","start":7579.89,"end":7580.05},{"text":"the","start":7580.05,"end":7580.17},{"text":"Palestinian","start":7580.17,"end":7581.09},{"text":"delegation.","start":7581.41,"end":7582.29}]},{"text":"The use of the word \"abuse\" is troubling, especially because it's coming from a representative of a state that is single-handedly destroying the international law-based order, a state who for 80 years violated international law and abused international law in order to cover up for its violations instead of protecting the international law-based order.","start":7583.33,"end":7607.65,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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do understand that the concept of a peaceful settlement of dispute is a foreign concept to the Israeli representative.","start":7728.57,"end":7734.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7728.57,"end":7728.73},{"text":"do","start":7728.73,"end":7728.97},{"text":"understand","start":7728.97,"end":7729.57},{"text":"that","start":7729.57,"end":7729.73},{"text":"the","start":7729.73,"end":7729.85},{"text":"concept","start":7729.85,"end":7730.33},{"text":"of","start":7730.33,"end":7730.45},{"text":"a","start":7730.45,"end":7730.49},{"text":"peaceful","start":7730.49,"end":7730.89},{"text":"settlement","start":7730.89,"end":7731.37},{"text":"of","start":7731.37,"end":7731.53},{"text":"dispute","start":7731.53,"end":7732.01},{"text":"is","start":7732.01,"end":7732.17},{"text":"a","start":7732.17,"end":7732.21},{"text":"foreign","start":7732.21,"end":7732.57},{"text":"concept","start":7732.57,"end":7733.09},{"text":"to","start":7733.09,"end":7733.17},{"text":"the","start":7733.21,"end":7733.33},{"text":"Israeli","start":7733.33,"end":7733.85},{"text":"representative.","start":7733.85,"end":7734.89}]},{"text":"whose state is committed not to the law, but to its destruction, whose state fears the law.","start":7735.41,"end":7742.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"whose","start":7735.41,"end":7735.65},{"text":"state","start":7735.65,"end":7736.05},{"text":"is","start":7736.05,"end":7736.21},{"text":"committed","start":7736.21,"end":7736.73},{"text":"not","start":7736.73,"end":7736.97},{"text":"to","start":7736.97,"end":7737.09},{"text":"the","start":7737.09,"end":7737.21},{"text":"law,","start":7737.21,"end":7737.69},{"text":"but","start":7738.05,"end":7738.37},{"text":"to","start":7738.53,"end":7738.77},{"text":"its","start":7738.77,"end":7739.01},{"text":"destruction,","start":7739.01,"end":7739.89},{"text":"whose","start":7740.21,"end":7740.41},{"text":"state","start":7740.41,"end":7740.77},{"text":"fears","start":7740.77,"end":7741.41},{"text":"the","start":7741.65,"end":7741.81},{"text":"law.","start":7741.81,"end":7742.05}]},{"text":"Resorting to the peaceful settlement of dispute is not an abuse of international law.","start":7742.93,"end":7748.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Resorting","start":7742.93,"end":7743.57},{"text":"to","start":7743.57,"end":7743.73},{"text":"the","start":7743.73,"end":7743.81},{"text":"peaceful","start":7743.81,"end":7744.21},{"text":"settlement","start":7744.21,"end":7744.69},{"text":"of","start":7744.69,"end":7744.85},{"text":"dispute","start":7744.85,"end":7745.41},{"text":"is","start":7745.41,"end":7745.57},{"text":"not","start":7745.57,"end":7745.77},{"text":"an","start":7745.77,"end":7745.97},{"text":"abuse","start":7745.97,"end":7746.61},{"text":"of","start":7747.01,"end":7747.17},{"text":"international","start":7747.17,"end":7748.09},{"text":"law.","start":7748.09,"end":7748.21}]},{"text":"If Israel doesn't want to be standing trial for genocide before the ICJ, maybe it should not be committing genocide.","start":7751.41,"end":7758.93,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity 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problem is not international law.","start":7793.01,"end":7795.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7793.01,"end":7793.17},{"text":"problem","start":7793.17,"end":7793.57},{"text":"is","start":7793.57,"end":7793.81},{"text":"not","start":7793.81,"end":7794.05},{"text":"international","start":7794.05,"end":7794.93},{"text":"law.","start":7795.01,"end":7795.21}]},{"text":"The problem is not the ICJ, which is enshrined in the UN 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law.","start":7800.53,"end":7805.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7800.53,"end":7800.61},{"text":"problem","start":7800.61,"end":7801.09},{"text":"is","start":7801.09,"end":7801.33},{"text":"committing","start":7801.33,"end":7801.73},{"text":"violations","start":7801.73,"end":7802.85},{"text":"of","start":7803.97,"end":7804.13},{"text":"international","start":7804.13,"end":7804.89},{"text":"law.","start":7804.89,"end":7805.01}]},{"text":"The problem is Israel's 80 years long of violations of international law.","start":7805.01,"end":7809.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7805.01,"end":7805.17},{"text":"problem","start":7805.17,"end":7805.57},{"text":"is","start":7805.57,"end":7805.73},{"text":"Israel's","start":7805.73,"end":7806.29},{"text":"80","start":7806.29,"end":7806.77},{"text":"years","start":7806.77,"end":7807.01},{"text":"long","start":7807.01,"end":7807.33},{"text":"of","start":7807.37,"end":7807.53},{"text":"violations","start":7807.53,"end":7808.25},{"text":"of","start":7808.25,"end":7808.37},{"text":"international","start":7808.37,"end":7809.17},{"text":"law.","start":7809.25,"end":7809.45}]},{"text":"But Israel wants to commit crimes.","start":7810.05,"end":7812.05,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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I dare the Israeli representative to say the same.","start":7841.05,"end":7843.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7841.05,"end":7841.17},{"text":"I","start":7841.17,"end":7841.25},{"text":"dare","start":7841.25,"end":7841.49},{"text":"the","start":7841.49,"end":7841.57},{"text":"Israeli","start":7841.57,"end":7842.05},{"text":"representative","start":7842.13,"end":7842.85},{"text":"to","start":7842.85,"end":7842.97},{"text":"say","start":7842.97,"end":7843.17},{"text":"the","start":7843.17,"end":7843.29},{"text":"same.","start":7843.29,"end":7843.65}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":7844.13,"end":7844.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7844.13,"end":7844.37},{"text":"you.","start":7844.37,"end":7844.53}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PSE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"State of Palestine"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":7845.69,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=2:10:46","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine for the statement.","start":7845.69,"end":7849.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7845.69,"end":7845.77},{"text":"thank","start":7845.77,"end":7846.01},{"text":"the","start":7846.01,"end":7846.13},{"text":"distinguished","start":7846.13,"end":7846.73},{"text":"representative","start":7846.73,"end":7847.37},{"text":"of","start":7847.37,"end":7847.45},{"text":"the","start":7847.45,"end":7847.57},{"text":"State","start":7847.57,"end":7847.89},{"text":"of","start":7847.89,"end":7848.01},{"text":"Palestine","start":7848.01,"end":7848.65},{"text":"for","start":7848.65,"end":7848.89},{"text":"the","start":7848.89,"end":7848.97},{"text":"statement.","start":7848.97,"end":7849.57}]},{"text":"The delegation of Israel wishes to exercise the right of reply.","start":7850.33,"end":7854.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7850.33,"end":7850.45},{"text":"delegation","start":7850.65,"end":7851.45},{"text":"of","start":7851.49,"end":7851.69},{"text":"Israel","start":7851.85,"end":7852.33},{"text":"wishes","start":7852.73,"end":7853.13},{"text":"to","start":7853.13,"end":7853.25},{"text":"exercise","start":7853.25,"end":7853.97},{"text":"the","start":7853.97,"end":7854.09},{"text":"right","start":7854.09,"end":7854.33},{"text":"of","start":7854.37,"end":7854.49},{"text":"reply.","start":7854.49,"end":7854.85}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Israel.","start":7855.29,"end":7857.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7855.29,"end":7855.37},{"text":"give","start":7855.37,"end":7855.57},{"text":"the","start":7855.57,"end":7855.69},{"text":"floor","start":7855.69,"end":7855.93},{"text":"to","start":7855.93,"end":7856.01},{"text":"the","start":7856.01,"end":7856.09},{"text":"distinguished","start":7856.09,"end":7856.69},{"text":"representative","start":7856.69,"end":7857.33},{"text":"of","start":7857.33,"end":7857.45},{"text":"Israel.","start":7857.53,"end":7857.89}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":52,"start":7861.13,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=2:11:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":7861.13,"end":7862.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7861.13,"end":7861.37},{"text":"you,","start":7861.37,"end":7861.45},{"text":"Madam","start":7861.45,"end":7861.69},{"text":"Chair.","start":7861.69,"end":7862.09}]},{"text":"Once again, we have witnessed how the Palestinians turn any subject or legal item, regardless of its nature, into yet another opportunity for politicization.","start":7863.69,"end":7874.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Once","start":7863.69,"end":7864.13},{"text":"again,","start":7864.13,"end":7864.65},{"text":"we","start":7864.97,"end":7865.13},{"text":"have","start":7865.13,"end":7865.29},{"text":"witnessed","start":7865.29,"end":7865.93},{"text":"how","start":7866.09,"end":7866.41},{"text":"the","start":7866.41,"end":7866.49},{"text":"Palestinians","start":7866.49,"end":7867.37},{"text":"turn","start":7867.69,"end":7868.01},{"text":"any","start":7868.01,"end":7868.25},{"text":"subject","start":7868.25,"end":7868.89},{"text":"or","start":7868.89,"end":7869.05},{"text":"legal","start":7869.05,"end":7869.37},{"text":"item,","start":7869.37,"end":7869.93},{"text":"regardless","start":7869.93,"end":7870.41},{"text":"of","start":7870.45,"end":7870.57},{"text":"its","start":7870.57,"end":7870.81},{"text":"nature,","start":7870.81,"end":7871.45},{"text":"into","start":7871.61,"end":7871.93},{"text":"yet","start":7871.93,"end":7872.33},{"text":"another","start":7872.49,"end":7872.93},{"text":"opportunity","start":7872.93,"end":7873.69},{"text":"for","start":7873.69,"end":7873.93},{"text":"politicization.","start":7873.93,"end":7874.97}]},{"text":"They cannot engage with legal issue without manipulating it, stripping it for its proper context, and attempting to distort it to fit their own political 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is precisely why any consideration of International Law Commission's work and its potential outputs in this committee must be approached with the utmost 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will be always.","start":7901.53,"end":7902.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":7901.53,"end":7901.69},{"text":"will","start":7901.69,"end":7901.81},{"text":"be","start":7901.81,"end":7901.93},{"text":"always.","start":7901.93,"end":7902.73}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Irresponsible actors like the Palestinian delegation, eager to take legal products, distort their meaning, strip them for their context, and weaponize them for political purposes.","start":7903.21,"end":7913.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Irresponsible","start":7903.21,"end":7904.01},{"text":"actors","start":7904.01,"end":7904.65},{"text":"like","start":7904.65,"end":7904.89},{"text":"the","start":7904.89,"end":7904.97},{"text":"Palestinian","start":7904.97,"end":7905.53},{"text":"delegation,","start":7905.53,"end":7906.33},{"text":"eager","start":7906.57,"end":7906.89},{"text":"to","start":7906.89,"end":7907.05},{"text":"take","start":7907.05,"end":7907.41},{"text":"legal","start":7907.41,"end":7907.69},{"text":"products,","start":7907.69,"end":7908.33},{"text":"distort","start":7908.33,"end":7908.85},{"text":"their","start":7908.85,"end":7908.97},{"text":"meaning,","start":7908.97,"end":7909.45},{"text":"strip","start":7909.61,"end":7909.93},{"text":"them","start":7909.93,"end":7910.09},{"text":"for","start":7910.09,"end":7910.29},{"text":"their","start":7910.29,"end":7910.41},{"text":"context,","start":7910.41,"end":7911.01},{"text":"and","start":7911.13,"end":7911.29},{"text":"weaponize","start":7911.29,"end":7911.85},{"text":"them","start":7911.85,"end":7912.01},{"text":"for","start":7912.01,"end":7912.17},{"text":"political","start":7912.17,"end":7912.65},{"text":"purposes.","start":7912.65,"end":7913.29}]},{"text":"When we work on the development of international law, we must look beyond narrow, short-term interests.","start":7914.25,"end":7920.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":7914.25,"end":7914.57},{"text":"we","start":7914.57,"end":7914.73},{"text":"work","start":7914.73,"end":7915.13},{"text":"on","start":7915.21,"end":7915.37},{"text":"the","start":7915.37,"end":7915.45},{"text":"development","start":7915.45,"end":7916.01},{"text":"of","start":7916.01,"end":7916.09},{"text":"international","start":7916.09,"end":7916.93},{"text":"law,","start":7916.93,"end":7917.01},{"text":"we","start":7917.05,"end":7917.25},{"text":"must","start":7917.25,"end":7917.53},{"text":"look","start":7917.53,"end":7917.77},{"text":"beyond","start":7917.77,"end":7918.37},{"text":"narrow,","start":7918.37,"end":7918.89},{"text":"short-term","start":7918.97,"end":7919.69},{"text":"interests.","start":7919.69,"end":7920.33}]},{"text":"We must think about future generations and long-term integrity of international law.","start":7921.21,"end":7928.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7921.21,"end":7921.41},{"text":"must","start":7921.41,"end":7921.57},{"text":"think","start":7921.57,"end":7921.93},{"text":"about","start":7921.93,"end":7922.33},{"text":"future","start":7922.33,"end":7922.73},{"text":"generations","start":7922.73,"end":7923.61},{"text":"and","start":7925.13,"end":7925.37},{"text":"long-term","start":7925.37,"end":7926.01},{"text":"integrity","start":7926.01,"end":7926.89},{"text":"of","start":7927.45,"end":7927.61},{"text":"international","start":7927.61,"end":7928.45},{"text":"law.","start":7928.45,"end":7928.53}]},{"text":"the Palestinians have demonstrated once again that their only contribution is yet another round of inflammatory rhetoric and politicization.","start":7930.05,"end":7940.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"the","start":7930.05,"end":7930.21},{"text":"Palestinians","start":7930.21,"end":7931.09},{"text":"have","start":7931.09,"end":7931.33},{"text":"demonstrated","start":7931.33,"end":7932.21},{"text":"once","start":7932.29,"end":7932.69},{"text":"again","start":7932.69,"end":7933.17},{"text":"that","start":7933.41,"end":7933.65},{"text":"their","start":7933.65,"end":7933.89},{"text":"only","start":7933.89,"end":7934.17},{"text":"contribution","start":7934.17,"end":7935.09},{"text":"is","start":7935.09,"end":7935.41},{"text":"yet","start":7935.41,"end":7935.81},{"text":"another","start":7935.81,"end":7936.25},{"text":"round","start":7936.25,"end":7936.61},{"text":"of","start":7936.77,"end":7937.09},{"text":"inflammatory","start":7937.09,"end":7938.61},{"text":"rhetoric","start":7938.77,"end":7939.41},{"text":"and","start":7939.41,"end":7939.65},{"text":"politicization.","start":7939.65,"end":7940.69}]},{"text":"If this is not the politicization of international justice, I do not know what it is.","start":7942.37,"end":7948.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":7942.37,"end":7942.61},{"text":"this","start":7942.61,"end":7942.77},{"text":"is","start":7942.77,"end":7943.01},{"text":"not","start":7943.01,"end":7943.33},{"text":"the","start":7943.33,"end":7943.49},{"text":"politicization","start":7943.49,"end":7944.57},{"text":"of","start":7944.57,"end":7944.69},{"text":"international","start":7944.69,"end":7945.29},{"text":"justice,","start":7945.29,"end":7946.05},{"text":"I","start":7946.29,"end":7946.45},{"text":"do","start":7946.45,"end":7946.57},{"text":"not","start":7946.57,"end":7946.85},{"text":"know","start":7946.85,"end":7947.25},{"text":"what","start":7947.69,"end":7948.13},{"text":"it","start":7948.13,"end":7948.21},{"text":"is.","start":7948.21,"end":7948.53}]},{"text":"We categorically reject these empty accusations And in order to spare this committee yet another unnecessary exchange, we will respond to them at the appropriate time and in the appropriate 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the Palestinian delegation wishes to raise political allegations, the appropriate venue is the Security Council Middle East Open Debate, which is taking place right now in the room next to this door, not this committee, whose mandate is to address legal 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Palestinians claim to deplore the politicization of international justice.","start":7982.65,"end":7986.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7982.65,"end":7982.77},{"text":"Palestinians","start":7982.77,"end":7983.33},{"text":"claim","start":7983.33,"end":7983.69},{"text":"to","start":7983.69,"end":7983.77},{"text":"deplore","start":7983.77,"end":7984.41},{"text":"the","start":7984.41,"end":7984.53},{"text":"politicization","start":7984.53,"end":7985.49},{"text":"of","start":7985.49,"end":7985.61},{"text":"international","start":7985.61,"end":7986.17},{"text":"justice.","start":7986.17,"end":7986.81}]},{"text":"They would do well to begin by looking in the mirror and examining their own contribution to precisely that phenomenon.","start":7987.53,"end":7994.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7987.53,"end":7987.77},{"text":"would","start":7987.77,"end":7988.05},{"text":"do","start":7988.05,"end":7988.33},{"text":"well","start":7988.33,"end":7988.81},{"text":"to","start":7988.97,"end":7989.13},{"text":"begin","start":7989.13,"end":7989.53},{"text":"by","start":7989.53,"end":7989.65},{"text":"looking","start":7989.65,"end":7990.01},{"text":"in","start":7990.01,"end":7990.09},{"text":"the","start":7990.09,"end":7990.17},{"text":"mirror","start":7990.17,"end":7990.73},{"text":"and","start":7990.89,"end":7991.09},{"text":"examining","start":7991.09,"end":7991.61},{"text":"their","start":7991.61,"end":7991.77},{"text":"own","start":7991.77,"end":7992.09},{"text":"contribution","start":7992.09,"end":7992.65},{"text":"to","start":7992.65,"end":7992.77},{"text":"precisely","start":7992.77,"end":7993.61},{"text":"that","start":7993.77,"end":7994.09},{"text":"phenomenon.","start":7994.09,"end":7994.73}]},{"text":"They would also do this committee a favor by sparing us yet another round of right of replies.","start":7995.45,"end":8000.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7995.45,"end":7995.61},{"text":"would","start":7995.61,"end":7995.77},{"text":"also","start":7995.77,"end":7996.13},{"text":"do","start":7996.17,"end":7996.37},{"text":"this","start":7996.37,"end":7996.73},{"text":"committee","start":7996.73,"end":7997.25},{"text":"a","start":7997.25,"end":7997.29},{"text":"favor","start":7997.29,"end":7997.77},{"text":"by","start":7997.77,"end":7997.93},{"text":"sparing","start":7997.93,"end":7998.33},{"text":"us","start":7998.33,"end":7998.57},{"text":"yet","start":7998.81,"end":7999.21},{"text":"another","start":7999.21,"end":7999.57},{"text":"round","start":7999.57,"end":7999.89},{"text":"of","start":7999.89,"end":8000.01},{"text":"right","start":8000.01,"end":8000.25},{"text":"of","start":8000.25,"end":8000.33},{"text":"replies.","start":8000.33,"end":8000.97}]},{"text":"But let us be clear about something else.","start":8001.85,"end":8003.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":8001.85,"end":8002.01},{"text":"let","start":8002.01,"end":8002.17},{"text":"us","start":8002.17,"end":8002.25},{"text":"be","start":8002.25,"end":8002.41},{"text":"clear","start":8002.41,"end":8002.69},{"text":"about","start":8002.69,"end":8002.97},{"text":"something","start":8002.97,"end":8003.29},{"text":"else.","start":8003.29,"end":8003.73}]},{"text":"If the Palestinians want to talk about peaceful settlements of dispute, they should condemn their own terrorists, their own Palestinian terrorists.","start":8004.09,"end":8012.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":8004.09,"end":8004.21},{"text":"the","start":8004.25,"end":8004.33},{"text":"Palestinians","start":8004.33,"end":8005.09},{"text":"want","start":8005.09,"end":8005.41},{"text":"to","start":8005.41,"end":8005.49},{"text":"talk","start":8005.49,"end":8005.69},{"text":"about","start":8005.69,"end":8005.93},{"text":"peaceful","start":8005.93,"end":8006.33},{"text":"settlements","start":8006.33,"end":8006.85},{"text":"of","start":8006.85,"end":8006.93},{"text":"dispute,","start":8006.93,"end":8007.61},{"text":"they","start":8008.01,"end":8008.17},{"text":"should","start":8008.17,"end":8008.37},{"text":"condemn","start":8008.37,"end":8008.97},{"text":"their","start":8009.13,"end":8009.37},{"text":"own","start":8009.37,"end":8009.61},{"text":"terrorists,","start":8009.61,"end":8010.17},{"text":"their","start":8010.33,"end":8010.57},{"text":"own","start":8010.57,"end":8010.73},{"text":"Palestinian","start":8010.73,"end":8011.33},{"text":"terrorists.","start":8011.33,"end":8012.01}]},{"text":"Hamas 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grew up in Israel with the fear of boarding the bus, wondering whether it would be blown up by Hamas terrorists in Tel Aviv, in Haifa, or Jerusalem.","start":8029.13,"end":8040.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8029.13,"end":8029.37},{"text":"grew","start":8029.37,"end":8029.69},{"text":"up","start":8029.69,"end":8029.85},{"text":"in","start":8029.85,"end":8030.01},{"text":"Israel","start":8030.01,"end":8030.49},{"text":"with","start":8031.13,"end":8031.41},{"text":"the","start":8031.41,"end":8031.49},{"text":"fear","start":8031.49,"end":8031.73},{"text":"of","start":8031.73,"end":8031.85},{"text":"boarding","start":8031.85,"end":8032.33},{"text":"the","start":8032.33,"end":8032.41},{"text":"bus,","start":8032.41,"end":8032.97},{"text":"wondering","start":8033.13,"end":8033.61},{"text":"whether","start":8033.61,"end":8034.01},{"text":"it","start":8034.01,"end":8034.17},{"text":"would","start":8034.17,"end":8034.33},{"text":"be","start":8034.33,"end":8034.49},{"text":"blown","start":8034.49,"end":8034.93},{"text":"up","start":8034.93,"end":8035.05},{"text":"by","start":8035.05,"end":8035.21},{"text":"Hamas","start":8035.21,"end":8035.69},{"text":"terrorists","start":8035.69,"end":8036.33},{"text":"in","start":8036.65,"end":8036.81},{"text":"Tel","start":8036.81,"end":8037.01},{"text":"Aviv,","start":8037.01,"end":8037.61},{"text":"in","start":8038.01,"end":8038.17},{"text":"Haifa,","start":8038.17,"end":8038.89},{"text":"or","start":8039.37,"end":8039.53},{"text":"Jerusalem.","start":8039.53,"end":8040.33}]},{"text":"And to this day, the Palestinians continue to glorify terrorists, pay them salaries, and celebrate their attacks.","start":8041.85,"end":8048.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8041.85,"end":8041.97},{"text":"to","start":8041.97,"end":8042.05},{"text":"this","start":8042.09,"end":8042.33},{"text":"day,","start":8042.33,"end":8042.65},{"text":"the","start":8042.65,"end":8042.81},{"text":"Palestinians","start":8042.81,"end":8043.45},{"text":"continue","start":8043.45,"end":8044.09},{"text":"to","start":8044.09,"end":8044.21},{"text":"glorify","start":8044.21,"end":8044.73},{"text":"terrorists,","start":8044.73,"end":8045.29},{"text":"pay","start":8045.53,"end":8045.77},{"text":"them","start":8045.77,"end":8045.93},{"text":"salaries,","start":8045.93,"end":8046.65},{"text":"and","start":8046.73,"end":8046.97},{"text":"celebrate","start":8046.97,"end":8047.53},{"text":"their","start":8047.53,"end":8047.65},{"text":"attacks.","start":8047.65,"end":8048.17}]},{"text":"There is nothing for us to learn from the Palestinian delegation about international justice while it continues to shield and protect terrorists and those responsible for the gravest crimes.","start":8050.57,"end":8060.25,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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subject.","start":8085.81,"end":8090.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Until","start":8085.81,"end":8086.21},{"text":"then,","start":8086.21,"end":8086.61},{"text":"they","start":8086.85,"end":8087.01},{"text":"can","start":8087.01,"end":8087.17},{"text":"spare","start":8087.17,"end":8087.49},{"text":"this","start":8087.49,"end":8087.65},{"text":"committee","start":8087.65,"end":8088.21},{"text":"the","start":8088.37,"end":8088.49},{"text":"empty","start":8088.49,"end":8088.85},{"text":"lectures","start":8088.85,"end":8089.45},{"text":"on","start":8089.45,"end":8089.61},{"text":"this","start":8089.61,"end":8089.85},{"text":"subject.","start":8089.85,"end":8090.37}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":8090.85,"end":8091.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8090.85,"end":8091.05},{"text":"you,","start":8091.05,"end":8091.13},{"text":"Madam","start":8091.13,"end":8091.57},{"text":"Chair.","start":8091.57,"end":8091.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ISR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Israel"}},{"statement_number":53,"start":8094.97,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=2:14:55","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Israel.","start":8094.97,"end":8097.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8094.97,"end":8095.05},{"text":"thank","start":8095.13,"end":8095.37},{"text":"the","start":8095.37,"end":8095.45},{"text":"distinguished","start":8095.45,"end":8096.09},{"text":"representative","start":8096.09,"end":8096.85},{"text":"of","start":8096.85,"end":8097.05},{"text":"Israel.","start":8097.05,"end":8097.61}]},{"text":"The delegation of the State of Palestine has requested the floor in exercise of the second right of 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you, Ambassador.","start":8109.45,"end":8110.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8109.45,"end":8109.77},{"text":"you,","start":8109.77,"end":8109.93},{"text":"Ambassador.","start":8109.97,"end":8110.81}]},{"text":"It's very difficult to keep track of the Israeli representative's statement between the incoherent yelling and shouting.","start":8111.97,"end":8120.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":8111.97,"end":8112.33},{"text":"very","start":8112.97,"end":8113.21},{"text":"difficult","start":8113.21,"end":8113.81},{"text":"to","start":8113.81,"end":8113.89},{"text":"keep","start":8113.89,"end":8114.17},{"text":"track","start":8114.17,"end":8114.49},{"text":"of","start":8115.25,"end":8115.41},{"text":"the","start":8115.41,"end":8115.49},{"text":"Israeli","start":8115.49,"end":8116.01},{"text":"representative's","start":8116.01,"end":8117.05},{"text":"statement","start":8117.05,"end":8117.61},{"text":"between","start":8117.61,"end":8118.01},{"text":"the","start":8118.01,"end":8118.09},{"text":"incoherent","start":8118.09,"end":8118.97},{"text":"yelling","start":8118.97,"end":8119.37},{"text":"and","start":8119.37,"end":8119.57},{"text":"shouting.","start":8119.57,"end":8120.17}]},{"text":"We do sit in a legal committee that discusses international law, and international law is not a technical matter.","start":8122.13,"end":8128.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8122.13,"end":8122.37},{"text":"do","start":8122.37,"end":8122.53},{"text":"sit","start":8122.53,"end":8122.93},{"text":"in","start":8122.93,"end":8123.13},{"text":"a","start":8123.13,"end":8123.17},{"text":"legal","start":8123.25,"end":8123.65},{"text":"committee","start":8123.65,"end":8124.05},{"text":"that","start":8124.05,"end":8124.21},{"text":"discusses","start":8124.21,"end":8124.85},{"text":"international","start":8124.85,"end":8125.69},{"text":"law,","start":8125.69,"end":8125.81},{"text":"and","start":8125.85,"end":8126.01},{"text":"international","start":8126.01,"end":8126.69},{"text":"law","start":8126.69,"end":8126.77},{"text":"is","start":8126.77,"end":8126.93},{"text":"not","start":8126.93,"end":8127.05},{"text":"a","start":8127.05,"end":8127.09},{"text":"technical","start":8127.09,"end":8127.65},{"text":"matter.","start":8127.65,"end":8128.09}]},{"text":"It's a lived reality for millions of people around the world, including for the Palestinian people.","start":8128.09,"end":8134.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":8128.09,"end":8128.37},{"text":"a","start":8128.37,"end":8128.41},{"text":"lived","start":8128.41,"end":8128.73},{"text":"reality","start":8128.73,"end":8129.33},{"text":"for","start":8129.33,"end":8129.57},{"text":"millions","start":8129.57,"end":8129.93},{"text":"of","start":8129.93,"end":8130.05},{"text":"people","start":8130.05,"end":8130.45},{"text":"around","start":8130.45,"end":8130.73},{"text":"the","start":8130.73,"end":8130.81},{"text":"world,","start":8130.81,"end":8131.17},{"text":"including","start":8131.65,"end":8132.29},{"text":"for","start":8132.69,"end":8132.93},{"text":"the","start":8132.93,"end":8133.05},{"text":"Palestinian","start":8133.05,"end":8133.89},{"text":"people.","start":8133.89,"end":8134.37}]},{"text":"And we are committed to international law, to the UN Charter, to its purposes and its 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has its own interests.","start":8264.89,"end":8266.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Everyone","start":8264.89,"end":8265.29},{"text":"has","start":8265.29,"end":8265.41},{"text":"its","start":8265.41,"end":8265.61},{"text":"own","start":8265.61,"end":8265.85},{"text":"interests.","start":8265.85,"end":8266.33}]},{"text":"We have some conflicts.","start":8266.57,"end":8267.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8266.57,"end":8266.69},{"text":"have","start":8266.69,"end":8266.81},{"text":"some","start":8266.81,"end":8267.05},{"text":"conflicts.","start":8267.05,"end":8267.77}]},{"text":"We have some disagreements.","start":8267.93,"end":8269.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8267.93,"end":8268.13},{"text":"have","start":8268.13,"end":8268.25},{"text":"some","start":8268.25,"end":8268.49},{"text":"disagreements.","start":8268.49,"end":8269.37}]},{"text":"But I have never talked directly about the Palestinian representative 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the Palestinian wants to talk about human rights, about human dignity, about how we behave in international forum, I think that the very, the first stage could be to know how to react to each 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at the end of the day, all the people who are sitting in this room whether a representative, the Palestinian delegate, the state of Israel, or other delegates which are recognized me as a state or not, I always try to be respectful to them and not to lowering the level for empty personal 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Chair.","start":8351.29,"end":8352.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8351.29,"end":8351.53},{"text":"you,","start":8351.53,"end":8351.61},{"text":"Madam","start":8351.61,"end":8351.85},{"text":"Chair.","start":8351.85,"end":8352.17}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ISR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Israel"}},{"statement_number":57,"start":8354.57,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=2:19:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the delegation of Israel for the 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avoid statements beyond the scope of the subject of this committee and to maintain the atmosphere of 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delegations.","start":8378.05,"end":8379.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8378.05,"end":8378.17},{"text":"this","start":8378.17,"end":8378.37},{"text":"goes","start":8378.37,"end":8378.61},{"text":"to","start":8378.61,"end":8378.81},{"text":"all","start":8378.81,"end":8379.01},{"text":"delegations.","start":8379.01,"end":8379.89}]},{"text":"That was the final statement in exercise of the right of reply.","start":8380.29,"end":8383.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":8380.29,"end":8380.53},{"text":"was","start":8380.53,"end":8380.69},{"text":"the","start":8380.69,"end":8380.81},{"text":"final","start":8380.85,"end":8381.33},{"text":"statement","start":8381.33,"end":8381.89},{"text":"in","start":8381.89,"end":8382.01},{"text":"exercise","start":8382.01,"end":8382.57},{"text":"of","start":8382.57,"end":8382.69},{"text":"the","start":8382.69,"end":8382.77},{"text":"right","start":8382.77,"end":8383.09},{"text":"of","start":8383.09,"end":8383.17},{"text":"reply.","start":8383.17,"end":8383.73}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, we have thus concluded our debate on agenda item 85, the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":8384.21,"end":8395.89,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be 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remind that the working group under this agenda item is scheduled to meet on 23 October and 6 November this 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wish to inform you that the draft resolution for this agenda item will be coordinated this year by Mr. Marvin Ikondere of 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invite Mr. Ikanderi to give us a brief indication of his plans and, if possible, to already introduce the initial draft proposals for the draft 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Madam Chair, dear colleagues, I have followed with great interest the debate and the statements delivered by delegations.","start":8432.01,"end":8440.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8432.01,"end":8432.49},{"text":"you,","start":8432.49,"end":8432.73},{"text":"Madam","start":8432.81,"end":8433.13},{"text":"Chair.","start":8433.13,"end":8433.69},{"text":"Madam","start":8433.85,"end":8434.25},{"text":"Chair,","start":8434.25,"end":8434.49},{"text":"dear","start":8434.49,"end":8434.73},{"text":"colleagues,","start":8434.73,"end":8435.45},{"text":"I","start":8435.45,"end":8435.61},{"text":"have","start":8435.61,"end":8435.77},{"text":"followed","start":8435.77,"end":8436.17},{"text":"with","start":8436.17,"end":8436.41},{"text":"great","start":8436.41,"end":8436.73},{"text":"interest","start":8436.73,"end":8437.21},{"text":"the","start":8437.21,"end":8437.29},{"text":"debate","start":8437.29,"end":8437.85},{"text":"and","start":8437.93,"end":8438.09},{"text":"the","start":8438.09,"end":8438.17},{"text":"statements","start":8438.17,"end":8438.73},{"text":"delivered","start":8438.73,"end":8439.05},{"text":"by","start":8439.05,"end":8439.21},{"text":"delegations.","start":8439.21,"end":8440.17}]},{"text":"As the coordinator for the draft resolution on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, I have the honor to speak about the zero draft resolution on this item.","start":8440.65,"end":8451.45,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8440.65,"end":8440.97},{"text":"the","start":8440.97,"end":8441.13},{"text":"coordinator","start":8441.21,"end":8441.77},{"text":"for","start":8441.77,"end":8441.93},{"text":"the","start":8441.93,"end":8442.01},{"text":"draft","start":8442.01,"end":8442.33},{"text":"resolution","start":8442.33,"end":8443.05},{"text":"on","start":8443.05,"end":8443.21},{"text":"the","start":8443.21,"end":8443.37},{"text":"scope","start":8443.37,"end":8443.85},{"text":"and","start":8443.93,"end":8444.09},{"text":"application","start":8444.09,"end":8444.81},{"text":"of","start":8444.81,"end":8444.97},{"text":"the","start":8444.97,"end":8445.05},{"text":"principle","start":8445.05,"end":8445.49},{"text":"of","start":8445.49,"end":8445.57},{"text":"universal","start":8445.57,"end":8446.01},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":8446.01,"end":8446.73},{"text":"I","start":8447.21,"end":8447.37},{"text":"have","start":8447.37,"end":8447.53},{"text":"the","start":8447.53,"end":8447.65},{"text":"honor","start":8447.65,"end":8447.85},{"text":"to","start":8447.85,"end":8447.97},{"text":"speak","start":8447.97,"end":8448.25},{"text":"about","start":8448.25,"end":8448.53},{"text":"the","start":8448.53,"end":8448.65},{"text":"zero","start":8448.65,"end":8448.89},{"text":"draft","start":8448.89,"end":8449.45},{"text":"resolution","start":8449.45,"end":8450.33},{"text":"on","start":8450.41,"end":8450.69},{"text":"this","start":8450.69,"end":8450.89},{"text":"item.","start":8450.89,"end":8451.45}]},{"text":"My intention is to circulate a zero draft resolution today containing the necessary technical updates.","start":8452.09,"end":8458.17,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":8452.09,"end":8452.33},{"text":"intention","start":8452.33,"end":8452.89},{"text":"is","start":8452.89,"end":8453.05},{"text":"to","start":8453.05,"end":8453.17},{"text":"circulate","start":8453.17,"end":8453.65},{"text":"a","start":8453.65,"end":8453.69},{"text":"zero","start":8453.69,"end":8453.93},{"text":"draft","start":8453.93,"end":8454.25},{"text":"resolution","start":8454.25,"end":8454.81},{"text":"today","start":8454.81,"end":8455.29},{"text":"containing","start":8455.85,"end":8456.33},{"text":"the","start":8456.33,"end":8456.45},{"text":"necessary","start":8456.45,"end":8456.97},{"text":"technical","start":8456.97,"end":8457.45},{"text":"updates.","start":8457.45,"end":8458.17}]},{"text":"The first round of informal consultations will take place on 23rd October at 1:15 in this room.","start":8458.49,"end":8463.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8458.49,"end":8458.65},{"text":"first","start":8458.65,"end":8458.89},{"text":"round","start":8458.89,"end":8459.17},{"text":"of","start":8459.17,"end":8459.29},{"text":"informal","start":8459.29,"end":8459.69},{"text":"consultations","start":8459.69,"end":8460.45},{"text":"will","start":8460.45,"end":8460.57},{"text":"take","start":8460.57,"end":8460.81},{"text":"place","start":8460.81,"end":8461.09},{"text":"on","start":8461.09,"end":8461.21},{"text":"23rd","start":8461.21,"end":8461.77},{"text":"October","start":8461.77,"end":8462.61},{"text":"at","start":8462.61,"end":8463.05},{"text":"1:15","start":8463.05,"end":8463.09},{"text":"in","start":8463.09,"end":8463.45},{"text":"this","start":8463.45,"end":8463.69},{"text":"room.","start":8463.69,"end":8463.93}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, allow me to thank sincerely all delegations in advance for their cooperation and support on this item.","start":8464.41,"end":8471.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":8464.41,"end":8464.73},{"text":"Chair,","start":8464.73,"end":8465.01},{"text":"allow","start":8465.01,"end":8465.21},{"text":"me","start":8465.21,"end":8465.45},{"text":"to","start":8465.45,"end":8465.57},{"text":"thank","start":8465.57,"end":8465.85},{"text":"sincerely","start":8465.85,"end":8466.41},{"text":"all","start":8466.41,"end":8466.65},{"text":"delegations","start":8466.65,"end":8467.85},{"text":"in","start":8467.93,"end":8468.09},{"text":"advance","start":8468.09,"end":8468.65},{"text":"for","start":8469.17,"end":8469.25},{"text":"their","start":8469.25,"end":8469.45},{"text":"cooperation","start":8469.45,"end":8470.21},{"text":"and","start":8470.21,"end":8470.33},{"text":"support","start":8470.33,"end":8470.77},{"text":"on","start":8470.77,"end":8470.93},{"text":"this","start":8470.93,"end":8471.17},{"text":"item.","start":8471.17,"end":8471.65}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":8471.73,"end":8472.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8471.73,"end":8471.89},{"text":"thank","start":8471.89,"end":8472.17},{"text":"you.","start":8472.17,"end":8472.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UGA","group":null,"function":"Coordinator","affiliation_full":"Uganda"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":8475.09,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=2:21:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank Mr. Ikonderi for his update.","start":8475.09,"end":8478.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8475.09,"end":8475.17},{"text":"thank","start":8475.21,"end":8475.53},{"text":"Mr.","start":8475.53,"end":8475.93},{"text":"Ikonderi","start":8476.01,"end":8476.61},{"text":"for","start":8476.61,"end":8477.01},{"text":"his","start":8477.01,"end":8477.49},{"text":"update.","start":8477.57,"end":8478.13}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, the Sixth Committee will now commence its consideration of agenda item 8.1, status of the protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts.","start":8480.53,"end":8496.61,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL 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committee has before it the report of the Secretary General in document A/801/290, which is available on the website of the Sixth 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mentioned earlier, please be reminded of the time limits that we have agreed to work with.","start":8509.65,"end":8516.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8509.65,"end":8509.97},{"text":"mentioned","start":8509.97,"end":8510.69},{"text":"earlier,","start":8510.69,"end":8511.25},{"text":"please","start":8511.25,"end":8511.73},{"text":"be","start":8511.73,"end":8511.89},{"text":"reminded","start":8511.89,"end":8512.53},{"text":"of","start":8512.69,"end":8513.09},{"text":"the","start":8513.09,"end":8513.21},{"text":"time","start":8513.21,"end":8513.49},{"text":"limits","start":8513.49,"end":8514.05},{"text":"that","start":8514.05,"end":8514.37},{"text":"we","start":8514.37,"end":8514.53},{"text":"have","start":8514.53,"end":8514.85},{"text":"agreed","start":8514.93,"end":8515.49},{"text":"to","start":8515.97,"end":8516.13},{"text":"work","start":8516.13,"end":8516.45},{"text":"with.","start":8516.45,"end":8516.65}]},{"text":"The first speaker on the list is the distinguished 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Chair, I have the honour to speak on behalf of the European Union and its Member States.","start":8528.93,"end":8535.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":8528.93,"end":8529.25},{"text":"Chair,","start":8529.25,"end":8529.65},{"text":"I","start":8530.61,"end":8530.77},{"text":"have","start":8530.77,"end":8531.01},{"text":"the","start":8531.05,"end":8531.13},{"text":"honour","start":8531.25,"end":8531.65},{"text":"to","start":8531.65,"end":8531.73},{"text":"speak","start":8531.73,"end":8532.05},{"text":"on","start":8532.05,"end":8532.13},{"text":"behalf","start":8532.13,"end":8532.53},{"text":"of","start":8532.53,"end":8532.61},{"text":"the","start":8532.61,"end":8532.69},{"text":"European","start":8532.69,"end":8533.25},{"text":"Union","start":8533.25,"end":8533.73},{"text":"and","start":8533.81,"end":8534.05},{"text":"its","start":8534.05,"end":8534.21},{"text":"Member","start":8534.21,"end":8534.49},{"text":"States.","start":8534.49,"end":8535.17}]},{"text":"The candidate countries Montenegro, Albania, the Republic of Moldova and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as San Marino, align themselves with this 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Chair, We thank the Secretary-General for his report and all the Member States and the International Committee of the Red Cross that provided relevant information.","start":8549.81,"end":8559.13,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8560.13,"end":8560.25},{"text":"commend","start":8560.25,"end":8560.61},{"text":"in","start":8560.61,"end":8560.69},{"text":"particular","start":8560.69,"end":8561.25},{"text":"the","start":8561.25,"end":8561.37},{"text":"ICRC","start":8561.61,"end":8562.65},{"text":"and","start":8562.65,"end":8562.77},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8562.77,"end":8563.53},{"text":"organizations,","start":8563.53,"end":8564.45},{"text":"which,","start":8565.01,"end":8565.29},{"text":"unwavering","start":8565.53,"end":8566.33},{"text":"in","start":8566.33,"end":8566.45},{"text":"their","start":8566.45,"end":8566.57},{"text":"commitment,","start":8566.57,"end":8567.29},{"text":"are","start":8567.57,"end":8567.69},{"text":"strengthening","start":8567.69,"end":8568.41},{"text":"the","start":8568.41,"end":8568.53},{"text":"implementation","start":8568.53,"end":8569.29},{"text":"of","start":8569.29,"end":8569.37},{"text":"international","start":8569.37,"end":8570.05},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8570.05,"end":8570.89},{"text":"law","start":8570.89,"end":8571.29},{"text":"and","start":8571.85,"end":8571.97},{"text":"delivering","start":8571.97,"end":8572.57},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8572.57,"end":8573.37},{"text":"assistance","start":8573.37,"end":8574.17},{"text":"to","start":8574.17,"end":8574.37},{"text":"the","start":8574.37,"end":8574.49},{"text":"many","start":8574.49,"end":8574.77},{"text":"affected","start":8574.77,"end":8575.37},{"text":"by","start":8576.17,"end":8576.41},{"text":"armed","start":8576.41,"end":8576.69},{"text":"conflicts.","start":8576.69,"end":8577.45}]},{"text":"We recognize the extremely difficult conditions in which they act every day, and we pay tribute to them.","start":8578.13,"end":8584.53,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8578.13,"end":8578.29},{"text":"recognize","start":8578.29,"end":8578.85},{"text":"the","start":8578.85,"end":8578.93},{"text":"extremely","start":8578.93,"end":8579.49},{"text":"difficult","start":8579.49,"end":8580.01},{"text":"conditions","start":8580.01,"end":8580.69},{"text":"in","start":8580.69,"end":8580.81},{"text":"which","start":8580.81,"end":8581.13},{"text":"they","start":8581.13,"end":8581.25},{"text":"act","start":8581.25,"end":8581.81},{"text":"every","start":8582.05,"end":8582.37},{"text":"day,","start":8582.37,"end":8582.85},{"text":"and","start":8583.29,"end":8583.41},{"text":"we","start":8583.41,"end":8583.49},{"text":"pay","start":8583.49,"end":8583.73},{"text":"tribute","start":8583.73,"end":8584.21},{"text":"to","start":8584.21,"end":8584.29},{"text":"them.","start":8584.29,"end":8584.53}]},{"text":"This is a time of unprecedented humanitarian needs and a critical moment in our history.","start":8585.97,"end":8592.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8585.97,"end":8586.37},{"text":"is","start":8586.37,"end":8586.53},{"text":"a","start":8586.53,"end":8586.57},{"text":"time","start":8586.57,"end":8587.17},{"text":"of","start":8587.29,"end":8587.49},{"text":"unprecedented","start":8587.65,"end":8588.49},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8588.49,"end":8589.33},{"text":"needs","start":8589.33,"end":8589.81},{"text":"and","start":8590.33,"end":8590.49},{"text":"a","start":8590.49,"end":8590.53},{"text":"critical","start":8590.53,"end":8591.01},{"text":"moment","start":8591.01,"end":8591.45},{"text":"in","start":8591.45,"end":8591.57},{"text":"our","start":8591.57,"end":8591.73},{"text":"history.","start":8591.73,"end":8592.21}]},{"text":"As conflicts proliferate and become more complex, international humanitarian law is increasingly disregarded, despite its undisputed relevance.","start":8593.65,"end":8605.09,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8593.65,"end":8593.81},{"text":"conflicts","start":8593.81,"end":8594.29},{"text":"proliferate","start":8594.29,"end":8595.01},{"text":"and","start":8595.21,"end":8595.37},{"text":"become","start":8595.37,"end":8596.13},{"text":"more","start":8597.17,"end":8597.49},{"text":"complex,","start":8597.49,"end":8598.21},{"text":"international","start":8598.29,"end":8598.97},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8598.97,"end":8599.81},{"text":"law","start":8599.81,"end":8600.13},{"text":"is","start":8600.13,"end":8600.25},{"text":"increasingly","start":8600.25,"end":8600.97},{"text":"disregarded,","start":8600.97,"end":8601.73},{"text":"despite","start":8602.33,"end":8602.85},{"text":"its","start":8602.85,"end":8603.09},{"text":"undisputed","start":8603.13,"end":8604.05},{"text":"relevance.","start":8604.29,"end":8605.09}]},{"text":"We are deeply concerned about the brutality of warfare in current conflicts in which IHL, including the principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution, is not respected.","start":8606.41,"end":8618.61,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8606.41,"end":8606.45},{"text":"are","start":8606.45,"end":8606.57},{"text":"deeply","start":8606.57,"end":8606.97},{"text":"concerned","start":8606.97,"end":8607.61},{"text":"about","start":8607.61,"end":8608.01},{"text":"the","start":8608.01,"end":8608.09},{"text":"brutality","start":8608.09,"end":8608.81},{"text":"of","start":8608.81,"end":8608.97},{"text":"warfare","start":8608.97,"end":8609.53},{"text":"in","start":8609.69,"end":8609.85},{"text":"current","start":8609.85,"end":8610.25},{"text":"conflicts","start":8610.25,"end":8610.97},{"text":"in","start":8610.97,"end":8611.13},{"text":"which","start":8611.13,"end":8611.45},{"text":"IHL,","start":8611.61,"end":8612.33},{"text":"including","start":8612.65,"end":8613.21},{"text":"the","start":8613.21,"end":8613.29},{"text":"principles","start":8613.29,"end":8613.93},{"text":"of","start":8614.01,"end":8614.17},{"text":"distinction,","start":8614.17,"end":8614.97},{"text":"proportionality","start":8615.53,"end":8616.57},{"text":"and","start":8616.57,"end":8616.73},{"text":"precaution,","start":8616.73,"end":8617.45},{"text":"is","start":8617.53,"end":8617.77},{"text":"not","start":8617.77,"end":8618.01},{"text":"respected.","start":8618.01,"end":8618.61}]},{"text":"Civilians, including humanitarian workers, medical facilities and personnel, and persons hors de combat, are increasingly falling victim to serious violations of international humanitarian law.","start":8619.37,"end":8632.49,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Civilians,","start":8619.37,"end":8620.09},{"text":"including","start":8620.09,"end":8620.57},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8620.57,"end":8621.37},{"text":"workers,","start":8621.37,"end":8621.93},{"text":"medical","start":8621.93,"end":8622.33},{"text":"facilities","start":8622.33,"end":8623.29},{"text":"and","start":8623.57,"end":8623.73},{"text":"personnel,","start":8623.73,"end":8624.41},{"text":"and","start":8624.73,"end":8624.93},{"text":"persons","start":8624.93,"end":8625.45},{"text":"hors","start":8625.93,"end":8626.17},{"text":"de","start":8626.17,"end":8626.29},{"text":"combat,","start":8626.29,"end":8626.65},{"text":"are","start":8626.65,"end":8626.81},{"text":"increasingly","start":8627.29,"end":8628.65},{"text":"falling","start":8628.65,"end":8629.05},{"text":"victim","start":8629.05,"end":8629.53},{"text":"to","start":8629.53,"end":8629.65},{"text":"serious","start":8629.65,"end":8630.13},{"text":"violations","start":8630.13,"end":8630.69},{"text":"of","start":8630.69,"end":8630.81},{"text":"international","start":8630.81,"end":8631.41},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8631.41,"end":8632.17},{"text":"law.","start":8632.17,"end":8632.49}]},{"text":"The EU is engaged on this front in diverse contexts to counter such trajectory.","start":8633.97,"end":8639.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8633.97,"end":8634.09},{"text":"EU","start":8634.09,"end":8634.53},{"text":"is","start":8634.61,"end":8634.89},{"text":"engaged","start":8634.89,"end":8635.49},{"text":"on","start":8635.57,"end":8635.73},{"text":"this","start":8635.73,"end":8635.89},{"text":"front","start":8635.89,"end":8636.25},{"text":"in","start":8636.25,"end":8636.37},{"text":"diverse","start":8636.37,"end":8636.77},{"text":"contexts","start":8636.77,"end":8637.57},{"text":"to","start":8637.65,"end":8637.77},{"text":"counter","start":8637.81,"end":8638.21},{"text":"such","start":8638.21,"end":8638.53},{"text":"trajectory.","start":8638.53,"end":8639.81}]},{"text":"In 2025, we funded projects to close gaps in monitoring violations of international humanitarian law, strengthen data collection, and reinforce evidence-based advocacy.","start":8641.01,"end":8652.61,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8641.01,"end":8641.09},{"text":"2025,","start":8641.09,"end":8642.25},{"text":"we","start":8642.25,"end":8642.37},{"text":"funded","start":8642.37,"end":8642.69},{"text":"projects","start":8642.69,"end":8643.33},{"text":"to","start":8643.33,"end":8643.45},{"text":"close","start":8643.45,"end":8643.81},{"text":"gaps","start":8643.81,"end":8644.21},{"text":"in","start":8644.21,"end":8644.53},{"text":"monitoring","start":8644.53,"end":8645.25},{"text":"violations","start":8645.25,"end":8645.85},{"text":"of","start":8645.85,"end":8645.97},{"text":"international","start":8645.97,"end":8646.61},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8646.61,"end":8647.33},{"text":"law,","start":8647.33,"end":8647.73},{"text":"strengthen","start":8648.29,"end":8649.01},{"text":"data","start":8649.01,"end":8649.37},{"text":"collection,","start":8649.37,"end":8650.13},{"text":"and","start":8650.21,"end":8650.41},{"text":"reinforce","start":8650.41,"end":8651.01},{"text":"evidence-based","start":8651.09,"end":8651.97},{"text":"advocacy.","start":8651.97,"end":8652.61}]},{"text":"Across contemporary conflicts, we consistently call for the protection of civilians and civilian objects, the humane treatment of prisoners of war, the protection of civilian infrastructure, and strict application of international humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions and the additional protocols, regardless of context.","start":8653.81,"end":8674.21,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Across","start":8653.81,"end":8654.21},{"text":"contemporary","start":8654.21,"end":8655.01},{"text":"conflicts,","start":8655.01,"end":8655.73},{"text":"we","start":8655.73,"end":8655.93},{"text":"consistently","start":8655.93,"end":8656.65},{"text":"call","start":8656.65,"end":8657.01},{"text":"for","start":8657.01,"end":8657.13},{"text":"the","start":8657.13,"end":8657.25},{"text":"protection","start":8657.25,"end":8657.81},{"text":"of","start":8657.81,"end":8657.89},{"text":"civilians","start":8657.89,"end":8658.53},{"text":"and","start":8658.53,"end":8658.69},{"text":"civilian","start":8658.69,"end":8659.25},{"text":"objects,","start":8659.25,"end":8659.89},{"text":"the","start":8660.29,"end":8660.41},{"text":"humane","start":8660.57,"end":8661.01},{"text":"treatment","start":8661.01,"end":8661.53},{"text":"of","start":8661.53,"end":8661.65},{"text":"prisoners","start":8661.65,"end":8662.21},{"text":"of","start":8662.21,"end":8662.37},{"text":"war,","start":8662.37,"end":8662.77},{"text":"the","start":8663.09,"end":8663.21},{"text":"protection","start":8663.21,"end":8663.73},{"text":"of","start":8663.73,"end":8663.81},{"text":"civilian","start":8663.81,"end":8664.29},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":8664.29,"end":8665.25},{"text":"and","start":8665.73,"end":8665.97},{"text":"strict","start":8665.97,"end":8666.49},{"text":"application","start":8666.49,"end":8667.09},{"text":"of","start":8667.09,"end":8667.17},{"text":"international","start":8667.17,"end":8667.77},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8667.77,"end":8668.45},{"text":"law,","start":8668.45,"end":8668.69},{"text":"including","start":8668.69,"end":8669.17},{"text":"the","start":8669.17,"end":8669.33},{"text":"Geneva","start":8669.33,"end":8669.73},{"text":"Conventions","start":8669.73,"end":8670.37},{"text":"and","start":8670.37,"end":8670.49},{"text":"the","start":8670.49,"end":8670.57},{"text":"additional","start":8670.57,"end":8671.09},{"text":"protocols,","start":8671.09,"end":8671.81},{"text":"regardless","start":8672.13,"end":8673.01},{"text":"of","start":8673.25,"end":8673.49},{"text":"context.","start":8673.49,"end":8674.21}]},{"text":"We strongly condemn violations of the rules pertaining to military occupation and recall that occupying powers must fully comply with their obligations under applicable international humanitarian law.","start":8676.29,"end":8687.65,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8698.93,"end":8699.09},{"text":"also","start":8699.09,"end":8699.53},{"text":"reaffirm","start":8699.53,"end":8700.21},{"text":"the","start":8700.37,"end":8700.53},{"text":"right","start":8700.53,"end":8700.93},{"text":"of","start":8700.97,"end":8701.05},{"text":"families","start":8701.05,"end":8701.65},{"text":"to","start":8701.65,"end":8701.85},{"text":"know","start":8701.85,"end":8702.13},{"text":"the","start":8702.13,"end":8702.25},{"text":"fate","start":8702.25,"end":8702.65},{"text":"and","start":8702.65,"end":8702.81},{"text":"whereabouts","start":8702.81,"end":8703.49},{"text":"of","start":8703.93,"end":8704.05},{"text":"their","start":8704.05,"end":8704.21},{"text":"missing","start":8704.21,"end":8704.61},{"text":"relatives","start":8704.61,"end":8705.41},{"text":"and","start":8705.41,"end":8705.61},{"text":"call","start":8705.61,"end":8705.85},{"text":"upon","start":8705.85,"end":8706.29},{"text":"occupying","start":8706.69,"end":8707.25},{"text":"powers","start":8707.25,"end":8707.81},{"text":"to","start":8708.13,"end":8708.25},{"text":"fulfil","start":8708.29,"end":8708.69},{"text":"their","start":8708.69,"end":8708.89},{"text":"obligation","start":8708.89,"end":8709.41},{"text":"to","start":8709.41,"end":8709.61},{"text":"search","start":8709.61,"end":8709.97},{"text":"for","start":8709.97,"end":8710.13},{"text":"missing","start":8710.13,"end":8710.45},{"text":"persons","start":8710.45,"end":8711.01},{"text":"and","start":8711.09,"end":8711.25},{"text":"provide","start":8711.25,"end":8711.65},{"text":"relevant","start":8711.65,"end":8712.21},{"text":"information","start":8712.21,"end":8712.77},{"text":"to","start":8712.77,"end":8712.93},{"text":"their","start":8712.93,"end":8713.05},{"text":"families,","start":8713.05,"end":8713.73},{"text":"including","start":8714.29,"end":8714.93},{"text":"after","start":8715.01,"end":8715.41},{"text":"the","start":8715.41,"end":8715.49},{"text":"end","start":8715.49,"end":8715.81},{"text":"of","start":8715.81,"end":8716.05},{"text":"hostile","start":8716.29,"end":8716.77},{"text":"activities.","start":8716.85,"end":8717.57}]},{"text":"We condemn that a decade on from the unanimous adoption of Security Council resolution 2286 of 2016, co-sponsored by 84 Member States, attacks against medical facilities and personnel have continued unabated and significantly increased in numbers.","start":8720.37,"end":8738.85,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. 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this very context, the awarding of the 2026 Nobel Peace Prize to Navi Pillay, I quote, \"For her efforts to promote peace and international law,\" unquote, is particularly 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Pillay has devoted her life to justice, and her unwavering commitment, dedication, and courage serve as a precious compass for all of us in the current challenging 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Chair, in 2026, more than 239 million people are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance and protection.","start":8788.73,"end":8797.93,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8861.41,"end":8861.65},{"text":"includes","start":8861.65,"end":8862.21},{"text":"efforts","start":8862.29,"end":8862.77},{"text":"to","start":8862.77,"end":8862.97},{"text":"build","start":8862.97,"end":8863.33},{"text":"close","start":8863.33,"end":8863.65},{"text":"cooperation","start":8863.65,"end":8864.25},{"text":"with","start":8864.25,"end":8864.45},{"text":"regional","start":8864.45,"end":8864.89},{"text":"organizations","start":8864.89,"end":8865.73},{"text":"and","start":8865.73,"end":8865.85},{"text":"to","start":8865.85,"end":8865.93},{"text":"ensure","start":8865.93,"end":8866.29},{"text":"respect","start":8866.29,"end":8866.77},{"text":"for","start":8867.09,"end":8867.25},{"text":"international","start":8867.25,"end":8868.53},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8868.53,"end":8869.33},{"text":"law","start":8869.33,"end":8869.57},{"text":"and","start":8869.57,"end":8869.73},{"text":"international","start":8869.73,"end":8870.77},{"text":"human","start":8871.33,"end":8871.73},{"text":"rights","start":8871.73,"end":8872.05},{"text":"law.","start":8872.05,"end":8872.29}]},{"text":"The EU and its member states will continue to adopt the necessary legislative, administrative, and practical measures to ensure and further strengthen domestic implementation of international humanitarian law.","start":8873.33,"end":8886.09,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8895.25,"end":8895.49},{"text":"guidelines","start":8895.49,"end":8896.13},{"text":"have","start":8896.13,"end":8896.29},{"text":"provided","start":8896.29,"end":8896.77},{"text":"operational","start":8896.81,"end":8897.41},{"text":"tools","start":8897.41,"end":8897.97},{"text":"to","start":8897.97,"end":8898.17},{"text":"pursue","start":8898.29,"end":8898.93},{"text":"this","start":8898.97,"end":8899.17},{"text":"work","start":8899.17,"end":8899.57},{"text":"in","start":8899.57,"end":8899.77},{"text":"a","start":8899.77,"end":8899.81},{"text":"visible","start":8899.81,"end":8900.37},{"text":"and","start":8900.41,"end":8900.53},{"text":"consistent","start":8900.53,"end":8901.17},{"text":"manner.","start":8901.17,"end":8901.57}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the 27 EU member states have joined the global initiative to galvanize political commitment for IHL, which seeks to develop a set of concrete and actionable recommendations to ensure the impartial, consistent, and universal application of existing IHL obligations, including in the face of new and emerging challenges.","start":8902.53,"end":8925.17,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8925.93,"end":8926.09},{"text":"call","start":8926.09,"end":8926.33},{"text":"on","start":8926.33,"end":8926.49},{"text":"all","start":8926.49,"end":8926.73},{"text":"States","start":8926.73,"end":8927.29},{"text":"to","start":8927.29,"end":8927.41},{"text":"join","start":8927.41,"end":8927.73},{"text":"the","start":8927.73,"end":8927.81},{"text":"initiative","start":8927.81,"end":8928.37},{"text":"and","start":8928.37,"end":8928.57},{"text":"attend","start":8928.57,"end":8929.01},{"text":"the","start":8929.01,"end":8929.09},{"text":"Global","start":8929.09,"end":8929.45},{"text":"IHL","start":8929.53,"end":8930.01},{"text":"Dialogue","start":8930.01,"end":8930.53},{"text":"taking","start":8930.53,"end":8930.93},{"text":"place","start":8930.97,"end":8931.37},{"text":"on","start":8931.37,"end":8931.61},{"text":"3","start":8931.61,"end":8932.09},{"text":"to","start":8932.09,"end":8932.25},{"text":"4","start":8932.25,"end":8932.57},{"text":"November","start":8932.57,"end":8933.29},{"text":"2026","start":8933.29,"end":8934.17},{"text":"and","start":8934.65,"end":8934.77},{"text":"the","start":8934.77,"end":8934.85},{"text":"High-Level","start":8934.85,"end":8935.33},{"text":"Conference","start":8935.33,"end":8935.89},{"text":"to","start":8935.89,"end":8936.01},{"text":"Uphold","start":8936.01,"end":8936.37},{"text":"Humanity","start":8936.37,"end":8936.97},{"text":"in","start":8936.97,"end":8937.13},{"text":"War","start":8937.13,"end":8937.45},{"text":"taking","start":8937.45,"end":8937.77},{"text":"place","start":8937.77,"end":8938.05},{"text":"in","start":8938.05,"end":8938.17},{"text":"Jordan","start":8938.17,"end":8938.65},{"text":"on","start":8939.09,"end":8939.21},{"text":"7","start":8939.21,"end":8939.61},{"text":"December","start":8939.61,"end":8940.25},{"text":"2026.","start":8940.41,"end":8941.77}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, there must be no impunity for grave breaches of international humanitarian law.","start":8943.37,"end":8950.17,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":8943.37,"end":8943.69},{"text":"Chair,","start":8943.69,"end":8944.01},{"text":"there","start":8945.13,"end":8945.29},{"text":"must","start":8945.29,"end":8945.57},{"text":"be","start":8945.57,"end":8945.69},{"text":"no","start":8945.69,"end":8946.09},{"text":"impunity","start":8946.09,"end":8946.97},{"text":"for","start":8946.97,"end":8947.13},{"text":"grave","start":8947.13,"end":8947.61},{"text":"breaches","start":8947.69,"end":8948.25},{"text":"of","start":8948.25,"end":8948.41},{"text":"international","start":8948.41,"end":8949.05},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8949.05,"end":8949.85},{"text":"law.","start":8949.85,"end":8950.17}]},{"text":"We welcome the Security Council's recent unanimous adoption of resolution 2823 2026, co-sponsored by a record-breaking of 153 member states, calling on accountability for crimes committed against UN peacekeepers.","start":8950.93,"end":8969.17,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8950.93,"end":8950.97},{"text":"welcome","start":8950.97,"end":8951.57},{"text":"the","start":8951.57,"end":8951.65},{"text":"Security","start":8951.65,"end":8952.13},{"text":"Council's","start":8952.13,"end":8952.69},{"text":"recent","start":8952.69,"end":8953.17},{"text":"unanimous","start":8953.17,"end":8953.81},{"text":"adoption","start":8953.81,"end":8954.37},{"text":"of","start":8954.41,"end":8954.53},{"text":"resolution","start":8954.53,"end":8956.05},{"text":"2823","start":8956.21,"end":8957.65},{"text":"2026,","start":8957.65,"end":8958.93},{"text":"co-sponsored","start":8959.57,"end":8960.53},{"text":"by","start":8960.77,"end":8960.97},{"text":"a","start":8960.97,"end":8961.01},{"text":"record-breaking","start":8961.01,"end":8961.89},{"text":"of","start":8961.89,"end":8962.05},{"text":"153","start":8962.25,"end":8963.17},{"text":"member","start":8963.17,"end":8963.53},{"text":"states,","start":8963.53,"end":8963.97},{"text":"calling","start":8964.53,"end":8965.01},{"text":"on","start":8965.09,"end":8965.25},{"text":"accountability","start":8965.33,"end":8966.21},{"text":"for","start":8966.21,"end":8966.33},{"text":"crimes","start":8966.33,"end":8966.77},{"text":"committed","start":8966.77,"end":8967.37},{"text":"against","start":8967.37,"end":8967.89},{"text":"UN","start":8967.97,"end":8968.37},{"text":"peacekeepers.","start":8968.37,"end":8969.17}]},{"text":"The decisions and judgments of international courts and tribunals must be respected and implemented.","start":8969.97,"end":8975.97,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8976.53,"end":8976.77},{"text":"underlined","start":8976.77,"end":8977.29},{"text":"that","start":8977.29,"end":8977.41},{"text":"states","start":8977.41,"end":8977.85},{"text":"are","start":8977.85,"end":8977.93},{"text":"primarily","start":8977.93,"end":8979.01},{"text":"responsible","start":8979.01,"end":8980.05},{"text":"for","start":8980.05,"end":8980.29},{"text":"prosecuting","start":8980.29,"end":8981.05},{"text":"individuals","start":8981.05,"end":8981.81},{"text":"suspected","start":8982.13,"end":8982.85},{"text":"of","start":8982.85,"end":8982.97},{"text":"great","start":8982.97,"end":8983.33},{"text":"breaches","start":8983.33,"end":8983.89},{"text":"of","start":8984.09,"end":8984.21},{"text":"international","start":8984.21,"end":8985.01},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8985.01,"end":8985.81},{"text":"law","start":8985.81,"end":8986.13},{"text":"under","start":8986.73,"end":8986.93},{"text":"their","start":8986.93,"end":8987.17},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8987.17,"end":8987.89}]},{"text":"In this context, we reaffirm our unwavering support for the International Criminal Court, our commitment to the Rome Statute and to preserving its independence and integrity.","start":8989.09,"end":9002.13,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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Nordic countries welcome the report of the Secretary-General, A/81/290.","start":9142.77,"end":9149.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9142.77,"end":9142.89},{"text":"Nordic","start":9142.89,"end":9143.29},{"text":"countries","start":9143.29,"end":9143.73},{"text":"welcome","start":9143.73,"end":9144.13},{"text":"the","start":9144.13,"end":9144.21},{"text":"report","start":9144.21,"end":9144.77},{"text":"of","start":9144.77,"end":9144.93},{"text":"the","start":9144.93,"end":9145.01},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":9145.01,"end":9146.13},{"text":"A/81/290.","start":9146.37,"end":9149.13}]},{"text":"The universalization and full implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols is central to ensuring compliance.","start":9149.89,"end":9157.49,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9149.89,"end":9150.05},{"text":"universalization","start":9150.05,"end":9151.13},{"text":"and","start":9151.13,"end":9151.25},{"text":"full","start":9151.25,"end":9151.49},{"text":"implementation","start":9151.49,"end":9152.37},{"text":"of","start":9152.37,"end":9152.53},{"text":"the","start":9152.53,"end":9152.61},{"text":"Geneva","start":9152.61,"end":9153.09},{"text":"Conventions","start":9153.09,"end":9153.81},{"text":"and","start":9153.81,"end":9153.93},{"text":"their","start":9153.93,"end":9154.09},{"text":"Additional","start":9154.09,"end":9154.53},{"text":"Protocols","start":9154.53,"end":9155.33},{"text":"is","start":9155.33,"end":9155.45},{"text":"central","start":9155.45,"end":9156.13},{"text":"to","start":9156.21,"end":9156.33},{"text":"ensuring","start":9156.33,"end":9156.81},{"text":"compliance.","start":9156.81,"end":9157.49}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, next year marks the 50th anniversary of the first two protocols.","start":9158.53,"end":9164.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9158.53,"end":9158.85},{"text":"Chair,","start":9158.85,"end":9159.25},{"text":"next","start":9160.05,"end":9160.45},{"text":"year","start":9160.45,"end":9160.69},{"text":"marks","start":9160.69,"end":9161.17},{"text":"the","start":9161.17,"end":9161.25},{"text":"50th","start":9161.25,"end":9161.81},{"text":"anniversary","start":9161.93,"end":9162.69},{"text":"of","start":9162.69,"end":9162.85},{"text":"the","start":9162.85,"end":9162.97},{"text":"first","start":9162.97,"end":9163.29},{"text":"two","start":9163.29,"end":9163.49},{"text":"protocols.","start":9163.49,"end":9164.29}]},{"text":"The Additional Protocols further strengthened the protection of victims of war, and we call today on those states that have not yet ratified them to do so.","start":9167.01,"end":9177.81,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9167.01,"end":9167.21},{"text":"Additional","start":9167.21,"end":9167.65},{"text":"Protocols","start":9167.65,"end":9168.29},{"text":"further","start":9168.29,"end":9168.93},{"text":"strengthened","start":9169.73,"end":9170.53},{"text":"the","start":9170.53,"end":9170.73},{"text":"protection","start":9170.73,"end":9171.25},{"text":"of","start":9171.25,"end":9171.33},{"text":"victims","start":9171.33,"end":9171.81},{"text":"of","start":9171.81,"end":9171.89},{"text":"war,","start":9171.89,"end":9172.37},{"text":"and","start":9172.37,"end":9172.53},{"text":"we","start":9172.53,"end":9172.61},{"text":"call","start":9172.61,"end":9172.93},{"text":"today","start":9172.93,"end":9173.33},{"text":"on","start":9173.33,"end":9173.49},{"text":"those","start":9173.49,"end":9173.73},{"text":"states","start":9173.73,"end":9174.33},{"text":"that","start":9174.33,"end":9174.45},{"text":"have","start":9174.45,"end":9174.69},{"text":"not","start":9175.49,"end":9175.81},{"text":"yet","start":9175.81,"end":9176.13},{"text":"ratified","start":9176.21,"end":9176.85},{"text":"them","start":9176.85,"end":9177.09},{"text":"to","start":9177.09,"end":9177.21},{"text":"do","start":9177.21,"end":9177.41},{"text":"so.","start":9177.41,"end":9177.81}]},{"text":"We are experiencing a sharp rise in both the number of active armed conflicts across the globe, as well as the number of civilians affected.","start":9178.93,"end":9187.65,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9178.93,"end":9179.17},{"text":"are","start":9179.17,"end":9179.29},{"text":"experiencing","start":9179.29,"end":9180.45},{"text":"a","start":9180.45,"end":9180.53},{"text":"sharp","start":9180.53,"end":9181.01},{"text":"rise","start":9181.01,"end":9181.57},{"text":"in","start":9181.57,"end":9181.73},{"text":"both","start":9181.73,"end":9182.13},{"text":"the","start":9182.13,"end":9182.25},{"text":"number","start":9182.25,"end":9182.65},{"text":"of","start":9182.65,"end":9182.77},{"text":"active","start":9182.77,"end":9183.25},{"text":"armed","start":9183.25,"end":9183.57},{"text":"conflicts","start":9183.57,"end":9184.29},{"text":"across","start":9184.29,"end":9184.61},{"text":"the","start":9184.61,"end":9184.69},{"text":"globe,","start":9184.69,"end":9185.09},{"text":"as","start":9185.09,"end":9185.33},{"text":"well","start":9185.33,"end":9185.65},{"text":"as","start":9185.65,"end":9185.77},{"text":"the","start":9185.77,"end":9185.89},{"text":"number","start":9185.89,"end":9186.25},{"text":"of","start":9186.25,"end":9186.33},{"text":"civilians","start":9186.33,"end":9187.01},{"text":"affected.","start":9187.01,"end":9187.65}]},{"text":"Civilians, and in particular women, children, and persons with disabilities, are disproportionately suffering the grave consequences of violations of international humanitarian law.","start":9189.01,"end":9201.01,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Civilians,","start":9189.01,"end":9189.89},{"text":"and","start":9189.89,"end":9190.09},{"text":"in","start":9190.09,"end":9190.17},{"text":"particular","start":9190.21,"end":9190.77},{"text":"women,","start":9190.77,"end":9191.41},{"text":"children,","start":9191.41,"end":9191.93},{"text":"and","start":9191.93,"end":9192.05},{"text":"persons","start":9192.05,"end":9192.61},{"text":"with","start":9192.61,"end":9192.73},{"text":"disabilities,","start":9192.73,"end":9193.73},{"text":"are","start":9194.21,"end":9194.37},{"text":"disproportionately","start":9194.37,"end":9195.73},{"text":"suffering","start":9195.73,"end":9196.37},{"text":"the","start":9196.37,"end":9196.49},{"text":"grave","start":9196.49,"end":9196.93},{"text":"consequences","start":9196.93,"end":9197.97},{"text":"of","start":9198.41,"end":9198.57},{"text":"violations","start":9198.57,"end":9199.33},{"text":"of","start":9199.33,"end":9199.41},{"text":"international","start":9199.41,"end":9200.05},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9200.05,"end":9200.77},{"text":"law.","start":9200.77,"end":9201.01}]},{"text":"The need to strengthen efforts to protect civilians has never been more urgent.","start":9202.37,"end":9207.41,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9202.37,"end":9202.49},{"text":"need","start":9202.49,"end":9202.93},{"text":"to","start":9202.93,"end":9203.05},{"text":"strengthen","start":9203.05,"end":9203.57},{"text":"efforts","start":9203.57,"end":9204.05},{"text":"to","start":9204.05,"end":9204.17},{"text":"protect","start":9204.17,"end":9204.57},{"text":"civilians","start":9204.57,"end":9205.33},{"text":"has","start":9205.41,"end":9205.73},{"text":"never","start":9205.73,"end":9206.13},{"text":"been","start":9206.13,"end":9206.53},{"text":"more","start":9206.53,"end":9206.85},{"text":"urgent.","start":9206.85,"end":9207.41}]},{"text":"Let us take the 50th anniversary of the Protocols as an imperative to amplify our efforts to collectively work towards strict adherence of our international humanitarian law obligations.","start":9209.09,"end":9222.21,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":9209.09,"end":9209.33},{"text":"us","start":9209.33,"end":9209.49},{"text":"take","start":9209.49,"end":9209.89},{"text":"the","start":9209.89,"end":9210.01},{"text":"50th","start":9210.01,"end":9210.45},{"text":"anniversary","start":9210.45,"end":9211.25},{"text":"of","start":9211.49,"end":9211.65},{"text":"the","start":9211.65,"end":9211.73},{"text":"Protocols","start":9211.73,"end":9212.53},{"text":"as","start":9212.53,"end":9212.73},{"text":"an","start":9212.73,"end":9212.81},{"text":"imperative","start":9212.81,"end":9213.65},{"text":"to","start":9213.73,"end":9213.93},{"text":"amplify","start":9213.93,"end":9214.69},{"text":"our","start":9214.77,"end":9215.01},{"text":"efforts","start":9215.01,"end":9215.65},{"text":"to","start":9216.05,"end":9216.21},{"text":"collectively","start":9216.21,"end":9216.85},{"text":"work","start":9216.85,"end":9217.25},{"text":"towards","start":9217.25,"end":9217.69},{"text":"strict","start":9217.69,"end":9218.13},{"text":"adherence","start":9218.13,"end":9218.85},{"text":"of","start":9218.85,"end":9219.09},{"text":"our","start":9219.09,"end":9219.33},{"text":"international","start":9219.33,"end":9220.13},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9220.45,"end":9221.09},{"text":"law","start":9221.09,"end":9221.33},{"text":"obligations.","start":9221.33,"end":9222.21}]},{"text":"The Nordic countries commend the ICRC and the six founding states behind the Global IHL Initiative.","start":9223.65,"end":9230.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9223.65,"end":9223.73},{"text":"Nordic","start":9223.73,"end":9224.17},{"text":"countries","start":9224.17,"end":9224.85},{"text":"commend","start":9225.01,"end":9225.57},{"text":"the","start":9225.57,"end":9225.81},{"text":"ICRC","start":9225.81,"end":9226.77},{"text":"and","start":9227.01,"end":9227.17},{"text":"the","start":9227.17,"end":9227.25},{"text":"six","start":9227.25,"end":9227.65},{"text":"founding","start":9227.65,"end":9228.05},{"text":"states","start":9228.05,"end":9228.53},{"text":"behind","start":9228.53,"end":9229.05},{"text":"the","start":9229.05,"end":9229.17},{"text":"Global","start":9229.17,"end":9229.73},{"text":"IHL","start":9229.73,"end":9230.37},{"text":"Initiative.","start":9230.37,"end":9230.93}]},{"text":"The Nordic countries have actively engaged in the initiative.","start":9232.21,"end":9235.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9232.21,"end":9232.33},{"text":"Nordic","start":9232.33,"end":9232.97},{"text":"countries","start":9232.97,"end":9233.65},{"text":"have","start":9233.73,"end":9233.97},{"text":"actively","start":9233.97,"end":9234.45},{"text":"engaged","start":9234.45,"end":9235.01},{"text":"in","start":9235.01,"end":9235.17},{"text":"the","start":9235.17,"end":9235.29},{"text":"initiative.","start":9235.29,"end":9235.89}]},{"text":"In a world with increasing numbers of armed conflicts, the initiative is a vital contribution to galvanizing political commitment to and restoring respect for international humanitarian law.","start":9237.09,"end":9250.29,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9237.09,"end":9237.29},{"text":"a","start":9237.29,"end":9237.33},{"text":"world","start":9237.33,"end":9237.77},{"text":"with","start":9237.77,"end":9237.93},{"text":"increasing","start":9237.93,"end":9238.49},{"text":"numbers","start":9238.49,"end":9239.25},{"text":"of","start":9239.25,"end":9239.49},{"text":"armed","start":9239.49,"end":9239.73},{"text":"conflicts,","start":9239.73,"end":9240.53},{"text":"the","start":9240.53,"end":9240.73},{"text":"initiative","start":9240.73,"end":9241.41},{"text":"is","start":9241.49,"end":9241.73},{"text":"a","start":9241.73,"end":9241.77},{"text":"vital","start":9241.77,"end":9242.21},{"text":"contribution","start":9242.21,"end":9243.09},{"text":"to","start":9243.25,"end":9243.41},{"text":"galvanizing","start":9243.41,"end":9244.53},{"text":"political","start":9244.61,"end":9245.09},{"text":"commitment","start":9245.09,"end":9245.85},{"text":"to","start":9245.85,"end":9246.13},{"text":"and","start":9246.53,"end":9246.77},{"text":"restoring","start":9246.77,"end":9247.97},{"text":"respect","start":9247.97,"end":9248.61},{"text":"for","start":9248.61,"end":9248.73},{"text":"international","start":9248.73,"end":9249.41},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9249.41,"end":9250.05},{"text":"law.","start":9250.05,"end":9250.29}]},{"text":"One example is the focus on work stream three on implementation of IHL as an important factor to reestablish peace and security.","start":9251.21,"end":9259.21,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":9251.21,"end":9251.45},{"text":"example","start":9251.45,"end":9252.01},{"text":"is","start":9252.01,"end":9252.09},{"text":"the","start":9252.09,"end":9252.17},{"text":"focus","start":9252.17,"end":9252.65},{"text":"on","start":9252.65,"end":9252.73},{"text":"work","start":9252.73,"end":9252.97},{"text":"stream","start":9252.97,"end":9253.21},{"text":"three","start":9253.21,"end":9253.85},{"text":"on","start":9253.85,"end":9253.97},{"text":"implementation","start":9253.97,"end":9254.81},{"text":"of","start":9254.81,"end":9254.89},{"text":"IHL","start":9254.89,"end":9255.45},{"text":"as","start":9255.45,"end":9255.57},{"text":"an","start":9255.57,"end":9255.65},{"text":"important","start":9255.65,"end":9256.21},{"text":"factor","start":9256.21,"end":9256.81},{"text":"to","start":9257.05,"end":9257.17},{"text":"reestablish","start":9257.17,"end":9258.17},{"text":"peace","start":9258.17,"end":9258.49},{"text":"and","start":9258.49,"end":9258.61},{"text":"security.","start":9258.61,"end":9259.21}]},{"text":"Another example is the measures proposed in work stream four and five to help protect civilian infrastructure and hospitals and medical units and to keep them operating under the most challenging and adverse conditions.","start":9261.85,"end":9275.45,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Another","start":9261.85,"end":9262.21},{"text":"example","start":9262.21,"end":9262.65},{"text":"is","start":9262.65,"end":9262.77},{"text":"the","start":9262.77,"end":9262.85},{"text":"measures","start":9262.89,"end":9263.37},{"text":"proposed","start":9263.37,"end":9263.89},{"text":"in","start":9263.89,"end":9264.01},{"text":"work","start":9264.01,"end":9264.25},{"text":"stream","start":9264.25,"end":9264.49},{"text":"four","start":9264.49,"end":9264.89},{"text":"and","start":9264.89,"end":9265.05},{"text":"five","start":9265.05,"end":9265.53},{"text":"to","start":9265.53,"end":9265.69},{"text":"help","start":9265.69,"end":9265.97},{"text":"protect","start":9265.97,"end":9266.37},{"text":"civilian","start":9266.37,"end":9266.81},{"text":"infrastructure","start":9266.81,"end":9267.69},{"text":"and","start":9268.01,"end":9268.17},{"text":"hospitals","start":9268.17,"end":9268.89},{"text":"and","start":9268.89,"end":9269.01},{"text":"medical","start":9269.01,"end":9269.45},{"text":"units","start":9269.45,"end":9270.01},{"text":"and","start":9270.01,"end":9270.21},{"text":"to","start":9270.21,"end":9270.29},{"text":"keep","start":9270.29,"end":9270.57},{"text":"them","start":9270.57,"end":9270.89},{"text":"operating","start":9270.89,"end":9272.33},{"text":"under","start":9272.33,"end":9272.53},{"text":"the","start":9272.53,"end":9272.65},{"text":"most","start":9272.65,"end":9273.01},{"text":"challenging","start":9273.01,"end":9273.69},{"text":"and","start":9273.69,"end":9273.89},{"text":"adverse","start":9273.89,"end":9274.41},{"text":"conditions.","start":9274.65,"end":9275.45}]},{"text":"We also value the important reminder in work stream six that international law, including international humanitarian law, applies in cyberspace as it does elsewhere.","start":9277.37,"end":9288.41,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. Speakers argued that international law, including IHL, must keep pace while preserving human control, accountability, and predictability."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9277.37,"end":9277.53},{"text":"also","start":9277.53,"end":9277.85},{"text":"value","start":9277.85,"end":9278.17},{"text":"the","start":9278.17,"end":9278.29},{"text":"important","start":9278.29,"end":9278.89},{"text":"reminder","start":9278.89,"end":9279.37},{"text":"in","start":9279.37,"end":9279.45},{"text":"work","start":9279.45,"end":9279.69},{"text":"stream","start":9279.69,"end":9279.93},{"text":"six","start":9279.93,"end":9280.41},{"text":"that","start":9280.41,"end":9280.57},{"text":"international","start":9280.57,"end":9281.61},{"text":"law,","start":9281.61,"end":9281.69},{"text":"including","start":9282.09,"end":9282.77},{"text":"international","start":9282.77,"end":9283.53},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9283.61,"end":9284.33},{"text":"law,","start":9284.33,"end":9284.77},{"text":"applies","start":9284.81,"end":9285.37},{"text":"in","start":9285.37,"end":9285.53},{"text":"cyberspace","start":9285.53,"end":9286.49},{"text":"as","start":9286.97,"end":9287.29},{"text":"it","start":9287.29,"end":9287.41},{"text":"does","start":9287.41,"end":9287.85},{"text":"elsewhere.","start":9287.85,"end":9288.41}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the unique mandate of the International Committee of the Red Cross in armed conflict is more needed than ever.","start":9289.85,"end":9298.65,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. 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They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9299.69,"end":9299.85},{"text":"must","start":9299.85,"end":9300.13},{"text":"do","start":9300.13,"end":9300.29},{"text":"what","start":9300.29,"end":9300.49},{"text":"we","start":9300.49,"end":9300.65},{"text":"can","start":9300.65,"end":9301.13},{"text":"to","start":9301.13,"end":9301.25},{"text":"safeguard","start":9301.25,"end":9302.09},{"text":"that","start":9302.09,"end":9302.25},{"text":"the","start":9302.25,"end":9302.33},{"text":"International","start":9302.33,"end":9303.05},{"text":"Red","start":9303.05,"end":9303.29},{"text":"Cross","start":9303.29,"end":9303.73},{"text":"and","start":9303.73,"end":9303.85},{"text":"the","start":9303.85,"end":9303.93},{"text":"Red","start":9303.93,"end":9304.17},{"text":"Crescent","start":9304.17,"end":9304.65},{"text":"Movement","start":9304.65,"end":9305.29},{"text":"as","start":9305.65,"end":9305.89},{"text":"well","start":9305.89,"end":9306.13},{"text":"as","start":9306.13,"end":9306.29},{"text":"other","start":9306.29,"end":9306.57},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9306.57,"end":9307.17},{"text":"organizations,","start":9307.17,"end":9308.29},{"text":"are","start":9308.29,"end":9308.53},{"text":"able","start":9308.53,"end":9309.01},{"text":"to","start":9309.25,"end":9309.37},{"text":"deliver","start":9309.37,"end":9309.81},{"text":"support","start":9309.81,"end":9310.53},{"text":"in","start":9310.69,"end":9310.93},{"text":"a","start":9310.93,"end":9310.97},{"text":"neutral,","start":9310.97,"end":9311.57},{"text":"impartial,","start":9311.57,"end":9312.45},{"text":"and","start":9312.93,"end":9313.09},{"text":"independent","start":9313.09,"end":9313.65},{"text":"way.","start":9313.65,"end":9313.97}]},{"text":"It is also crucial to ensure that journalists have access to conflict zones, that they are protected, not attacked, and that they can share information independently.","start":9315.25,"end":9325.57,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. 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They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Shutting","start":9327.01,"end":9327.49},{"text":"down","start":9327.49,"end":9327.81},{"text":"internet","start":9327.81,"end":9328.45},{"text":"and","start":9328.49,"end":9328.61},{"text":"hindering","start":9328.61,"end":9329.13},{"text":"and","start":9329.13,"end":9329.25},{"text":"threatening","start":9329.25,"end":9329.81},{"text":"members","start":9329.81,"end":9330.33},{"text":"of","start":9330.33,"end":9330.41},{"text":"the","start":9330.41,"end":9330.49},{"text":"press","start":9330.49,"end":9331.01},{"text":"from","start":9331.09,"end":9331.33},{"text":"reporting","start":9331.33,"end":9332.05},{"text":"is","start":9332.13,"end":9332.37},{"text":"completely","start":9332.37,"end":9333.09},{"text":"unacceptable.","start":9333.09,"end":9333.89}]},{"text":"We are deeply concerned by the risks journalists must endure to uphold the freedom of the press.","start":9335.29,"end":9341.77,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. 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They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9358.57,"end":9358.89},{"text":"influences","start":9358.89,"end":9359.69},{"text":"their","start":9359.69,"end":9359.85},{"text":"needs","start":9359.85,"end":9360.37},{"text":"and","start":9360.37,"end":9360.49},{"text":"perspectives","start":9360.49,"end":9361.37},{"text":"in","start":9361.37,"end":9361.53},{"text":"situations","start":9361.53,"end":9362.37},{"text":"of","start":9362.37,"end":9362.57},{"text":"armed","start":9362.57,"end":9362.81},{"text":"conflict.","start":9362.81,"end":9363.45}]},{"text":"Gendered impacts of armed conflicts also often coincide with and may be enforced by other factors, such as age or disability.","start":9364.45,"end":9374.45,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Gendered","start":9364.45,"end":9365.25},{"text":"impacts","start":9365.33,"end":9365.97},{"text":"of","start":9366.05,"end":9366.13},{"text":"armed","start":9366.13,"end":9366.29},{"text":"conflicts","start":9366.29,"end":9367.09},{"text":"also","start":9367.81,"end":9368.29},{"text":"often","start":9368.37,"end":9368.85},{"text":"coincide","start":9368.85,"end":9369.73},{"text":"with","start":9369.73,"end":9370.05},{"text":"and","start":9370.09,"end":9370.29},{"text":"may","start":9370.29,"end":9370.45},{"text":"be","start":9370.45,"end":9370.57},{"text":"enforced","start":9370.57,"end":9371.25},{"text":"by","start":9371.25,"end":9371.49},{"text":"other","start":9371.49,"end":9371.69},{"text":"factors,","start":9371.69,"end":9372.29},{"text":"such","start":9372.29,"end":9372.73},{"text":"as","start":9372.73,"end":9372.93},{"text":"age","start":9372.93,"end":9373.41},{"text":"or","start":9373.41,"end":9373.61},{"text":"disability.","start":9373.61,"end":9374.45}]},{"text":"Promoting practices that take account of these differences to safeguard adequate protection for all, independently of a person's gender, is key.","start":9375.25,"end":9384.45,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Promoting","start":9375.25,"end":9375.89},{"text":"practices","start":9375.89,"end":9376.61},{"text":"that","start":9376.61,"end":9376.93},{"text":"take","start":9376.93,"end":9377.09},{"text":"account","start":9377.09,"end":9377.61},{"text":"of","start":9377.61,"end":9377.73},{"text":"these","start":9377.73,"end":9377.97},{"text":"differences","start":9377.97,"end":9378.69},{"text":"to","start":9378.69,"end":9378.81},{"text":"safeguard","start":9378.81,"end":9379.57},{"text":"adequate","start":9379.57,"end":9380.05},{"text":"protection","start":9380.05,"end":9380.61},{"text":"for","start":9380.61,"end":9380.97},{"text":"all,","start":9380.97,"end":9381.25},{"text":"independently","start":9381.57,"end":9382.53},{"text":"of","start":9382.53,"end":9382.65},{"text":"a","start":9382.65,"end":9382.69},{"text":"person's","start":9382.69,"end":9383.41},{"text":"gender,","start":9383.41,"end":9383.89},{"text":"is","start":9383.89,"end":9384.13},{"text":"key.","start":9384.13,"end":9384.45}]},{"text":"When it comes to occupation, international humanitarian law is clear.","start":9385.77,"end":9391.09,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Occupying","start":9400.09,"end":9400.73},{"text":"powers","start":9400.73,"end":9401.21},{"text":"must","start":9401.21,"end":9401.53},{"text":"also","start":9401.53,"end":9401.89},{"text":"respect","start":9401.89,"end":9402.33},{"text":"the","start":9402.33,"end":9402.41},{"text":"fact","start":9402.41,"end":9402.89},{"text":"that","start":9402.89,"end":9403.13},{"text":"occupation","start":9403.13,"end":9403.93},{"text":"by","start":9403.93,"end":9404.09},{"text":"its","start":9404.09,"end":9404.25},{"text":"nature","start":9404.25,"end":9404.89},{"text":"is","start":9405.13,"end":9405.41},{"text":"a","start":9405.41,"end":9405.45},{"text":"temporary","start":9405.45,"end":9406.01},{"text":"situation","start":9406.01,"end":9406.81},{"text":"and","start":9407.37,"end":9407.49},{"text":"that","start":9407.49,"end":9407.65},{"text":"they","start":9407.65,"end":9407.77},{"text":"are","start":9407.77,"end":9407.89},{"text":"obliged","start":9407.89,"end":9408.57},{"text":"to","start":9408.57,"end":9408.69},{"text":"preserve","start":9408.69,"end":9409.29},{"text":"the","start":9409.29,"end":9409.41},{"text":"status","start":9409.41,"end":9409.93},{"text":"quo","start":9409.93,"end":9410.17},{"text":"ante","start":9410.17,"end":9410.49},{"text":"in","start":9411.37,"end":9411.53},{"text":"the","start":9411.53,"end":9411.65},{"text":"occupied","start":9411.65,"end":9412.13},{"text":"territory.","start":9412.13,"end":9412.97}]},{"text":"International law is also clear in that occupation cannot serve as a lawful basis for territorial acquisition.","start":9414.49,"end":9421.37,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus,","start":9422.37,"end":9422.85},{"text":"an","start":9422.97,"end":9423.09},{"text":"occupying","start":9423.09,"end":9423.65},{"text":"power","start":9423.65,"end":9424.05},{"text":"does","start":9424.05,"end":9424.33},{"text":"not","start":9424.33,"end":9424.57},{"text":"acquire","start":9424.57,"end":9425.09},{"text":"sovereignty","start":9425.09,"end":9425.81},{"text":"over","start":9425.81,"end":9426.29},{"text":"occupied","start":9426.53,"end":9427.05},{"text":"territory,","start":9427.05,"end":9427.73},{"text":"and","start":9428.29,"end":9428.53},{"text":"attempts","start":9428.53,"end":9429.17},{"text":"to","start":9429.17,"end":9429.41},{"text":"annex","start":9429.41,"end":9429.97},{"text":"occupied","start":9430.13,"end":9430.73},{"text":"territory","start":9430.73,"end":9431.37},{"text":"are","start":9431.37,"end":9431.57},{"text":"both","start":9431.57,"end":9431.97},{"text":"unlawful","start":9431.97,"end":9432.61},{"text":"and","start":9432.61,"end":9432.77},{"text":"without","start":9432.77,"end":9433.33},{"text":"legal","start":9433.33,"end":9433.65},{"text":"validity.","start":9434.05,"end":9434.69}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, serious violations of international humanitarian law must be investigated and those responsible held to account.","start":9437.09,"end":9444.61,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9437.09,"end":9437.45},{"text":"Chair,","start":9437.45,"end":9437.81},{"text":"serious","start":9438.37,"end":9438.89},{"text":"violations","start":9438.89,"end":9439.57},{"text":"of","start":9439.57,"end":9439.65},{"text":"international","start":9439.65,"end":9440.25},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9440.25,"end":9440.81},{"text":"law","start":9440.81,"end":9441.09},{"text":"must","start":9441.09,"end":9441.45},{"text":"be","start":9441.45,"end":9441.61},{"text":"investigated","start":9441.61,"end":9442.37},{"text":"and","start":9442.37,"end":9442.57},{"text":"those","start":9442.57,"end":9442.85},{"text":"responsible","start":9442.85,"end":9443.57},{"text":"held","start":9443.57,"end":9443.85},{"text":"to","start":9443.85,"end":9444.01},{"text":"account.","start":9444.01,"end":9444.61}]},{"text":"Accountability is essential, both to provide victims with justice and redress and to prevent and deter future violations.","start":9445.77,"end":9454.49,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Accountability","start":9445.77,"end":9446.53},{"text":"is","start":9446.53,"end":9446.61},{"text":"essential,","start":9446.61,"end":9447.37},{"text":"both","start":9447.69,"end":9448.09},{"text":"to","start":9448.09,"end":9448.17},{"text":"provide","start":9448.17,"end":9448.57},{"text":"victims","start":9448.57,"end":9449.17},{"text":"with","start":9449.17,"end":9449.33},{"text":"justice","start":9449.33,"end":9449.77},{"text":"and","start":9449.77,"end":9449.93},{"text":"redress","start":9449.93,"end":9450.57},{"text":"and","start":9450.57,"end":9450.77},{"text":"to","start":9450.77,"end":9450.85},{"text":"prevent","start":9450.85,"end":9451.37},{"text":"and","start":9451.37,"end":9451.65},{"text":"deter","start":9451.65,"end":9452.65},{"text":"future","start":9453.05,"end":9453.61},{"text":"violations.","start":9453.61,"end":9454.49}]},{"text":"These efforts should primarily be pursued at the domestic level.","start":9455.05,"end":9458.97,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9455.05,"end":9455.45},{"text":"efforts","start":9455.45,"end":9455.93},{"text":"should","start":9455.93,"end":9456.17},{"text":"primarily","start":9456.17,"end":9456.89},{"text":"be","start":9456.89,"end":9457.05},{"text":"pursued","start":9457.05,"end":9457.69},{"text":"at","start":9457.69,"end":9457.85},{"text":"the","start":9457.85,"end":9457.97},{"text":"domestic","start":9457.97,"end":9458.53},{"text":"level.","start":9458.53,"end":9458.97}]},{"text":"Where appropriate, the international community can and should support national efforts through financial or in-kind assistance.","start":9460.09,"end":9468.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":9460.09,"end":9460.45},{"text":"appropriate,","start":9460.45,"end":9461.13},{"text":"the","start":9461.37,"end":9461.49},{"text":"international","start":9461.49,"end":9462.09},{"text":"community","start":9462.09,"end":9462.73},{"text":"can","start":9462.73,"end":9463.21},{"text":"and","start":9463.21,"end":9463.37},{"text":"should","start":9463.37,"end":9463.77},{"text":"support","start":9463.77,"end":9464.25},{"text":"national","start":9464.25,"end":9464.73},{"text":"efforts","start":9464.73,"end":9465.29},{"text":"through","start":9465.61,"end":9465.77},{"text":"financial","start":9465.77,"end":9466.49},{"text":"or","start":9466.49,"end":9466.65},{"text":"in-kind","start":9466.65,"end":9467.21},{"text":"assistance.","start":9467.21,"end":9468.01}]},{"text":"When states are unwilling or unable, accountability can be achieved through the exercise of jurisdiction by other states, including through universal jurisdiction or through the ICC.","start":9469.25,"end":9480.57,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":9469.25,"end":9469.45},{"text":"states","start":9469.45,"end":9469.85},{"text":"are","start":9469.85,"end":9470.01},{"text":"unwilling","start":9470.01,"end":9470.81},{"text":"or","start":9470.81,"end":9470.97},{"text":"unable,","start":9470.97,"end":9471.61},{"text":"accountability","start":9471.77,"end":9472.53},{"text":"can","start":9472.53,"end":9472.69},{"text":"be","start":9472.69,"end":9472.77},{"text":"achieved","start":9472.77,"end":9473.29},{"text":"through","start":9473.29,"end":9473.61},{"text":"the","start":9473.61,"end":9473.73},{"text":"exercise","start":9473.73,"end":9474.37},{"text":"of","start":9474.37,"end":9474.45},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9474.45,"end":9475.13},{"text":"by","start":9475.13,"end":9475.29},{"text":"other","start":9475.29,"end":9475.53},{"text":"states,","start":9475.53,"end":9476.17},{"text":"including","start":9476.49,"end":9477.13},{"text":"through","start":9477.13,"end":9477.29},{"text":"universal","start":9477.29,"end":9477.85},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9477.85,"end":9478.57},{"text":"or","start":9479.37,"end":9479.61},{"text":"through","start":9479.61,"end":9479.77},{"text":"the","start":9479.77,"end":9479.89},{"text":"ICC.","start":9479.89,"end":9480.57}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, let me lastly mention the Nordic governments' long engagement in issues concerning protection of the environment in armed conflicts.","start":9481.93,"end":9490.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9481.93,"end":9482.33},{"text":"Chair,","start":9482.33,"end":9482.65},{"text":"let","start":9483.05,"end":9483.29},{"text":"me","start":9483.29,"end":9483.41},{"text":"lastly","start":9483.41,"end":9483.85},{"text":"mention","start":9483.85,"end":9484.29},{"text":"the","start":9484.29,"end":9484.41},{"text":"Nordic","start":9484.41,"end":9484.81},{"text":"governments'","start":9484.81,"end":9485.61},{"text":"long","start":9485.85,"end":9486.17},{"text":"engagement","start":9486.17,"end":9486.89},{"text":"in","start":9486.89,"end":9487.05},{"text":"issues","start":9487.05,"end":9487.53},{"text":"concerning","start":9487.53,"end":9488.09},{"text":"protection","start":9488.09,"end":9488.65},{"text":"of","start":9488.65,"end":9488.73},{"text":"the","start":9488.73,"end":9488.85},{"text":"environment","start":9488.85,"end":9489.61},{"text":"in","start":9489.61,"end":9489.77},{"text":"armed","start":9489.77,"end":9490.01},{"text":"conflicts.","start":9490.01,"end":9490.65}]},{"text":"Armed conflicts may cause serious damage to the environment and have severe and long-lasting consequences to the nature and to populations that depend on it.","start":9491.73,"end":9500.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Armed","start":9491.73,"end":9491.97},{"text":"conflicts","start":9491.97,"end":9492.61},{"text":"may","start":9492.61,"end":9493.01},{"text":"cause","start":9493.01,"end":9493.29},{"text":"serious","start":9493.29,"end":9493.81},{"text":"damage","start":9493.81,"end":9494.29},{"text":"to","start":9494.29,"end":9494.45},{"text":"the","start":9494.45,"end":9494.53},{"text":"environment","start":9494.53,"end":9495.25},{"text":"and","start":9495.29,"end":9495.45},{"text":"have","start":9495.45,"end":9495.65},{"text":"severe","start":9495.65,"end":9496.21},{"text":"and","start":9496.21,"end":9496.33},{"text":"long-lasting","start":9496.33,"end":9497.01},{"text":"consequences","start":9497.01,"end":9497.89},{"text":"to","start":9497.89,"end":9498.05},{"text":"the","start":9498.05,"end":9498.17},{"text":"nature","start":9498.17,"end":9498.77},{"text":"and","start":9498.77,"end":9498.89},{"text":"to","start":9498.89,"end":9498.97},{"text":"populations","start":9498.97,"end":9499.73},{"text":"that","start":9499.73,"end":9499.93},{"text":"depend","start":9499.93,"end":9500.37},{"text":"on","start":9500.37,"end":9500.53},{"text":"it.","start":9500.53,"end":9500.77}]},{"text":"Environmental effects of armed conflict also continue to be felt in its aftermath, and timely action to address them may prevent greater harm and facilitate the transition to sustainable peace.","start":9501.57,"end":9514.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Environmental","start":9501.57,"end":9502.53},{"text":"effects","start":9502.53,"end":9503.05},{"text":"of","start":9503.05,"end":9503.17},{"text":"armed","start":9503.17,"end":9503.41},{"text":"conflict","start":9503.41,"end":9504.05},{"text":"also","start":9504.05,"end":9504.49},{"text":"continue","start":9504.49,"end":9505.09},{"text":"to","start":9505.09,"end":9505.17},{"text":"be","start":9505.17,"end":9505.33},{"text":"felt","start":9505.33,"end":9505.81},{"text":"in","start":9506.21,"end":9506.37},{"text":"its","start":9506.37,"end":9506.61},{"text":"aftermath,","start":9506.61,"end":9507.33},{"text":"and","start":9507.49,"end":9507.69},{"text":"timely","start":9507.69,"end":9508.21},{"text":"action","start":9508.21,"end":9508.69},{"text":"to","start":9508.69,"end":9508.81},{"text":"address","start":9508.81,"end":9509.33},{"text":"them","start":9509.33,"end":9509.69},{"text":"may","start":9509.69,"end":9509.89},{"text":"prevent","start":9509.89,"end":9510.37},{"text":"greater","start":9510.37,"end":9510.77},{"text":"harm","start":9510.77,"end":9511.17},{"text":"and","start":9511.41,"end":9511.57},{"text":"facilitate","start":9511.57,"end":9512.29},{"text":"the","start":9512.29,"end":9512.41},{"text":"transition","start":9512.41,"end":9513.17},{"text":"to","start":9513.17,"end":9513.29},{"text":"sustainable","start":9513.29,"end":9514.01},{"text":"peace.","start":9514.01,"end":9514.53}]},{"text":"Protection 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French.","start":9552.85,"end":9555.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9552.85,"end":9553.01},{"text":"will","start":9553.01,"end":9553.17},{"text":"commence","start":9553.17,"end":9553.49},{"text":"in","start":9553.49,"end":9553.61},{"text":"English","start":9553.61,"end":9554.05},{"text":"and","start":9554.05,"end":9554.25},{"text":"conclude","start":9554.25,"end":9554.77},{"text":"in","start":9554.77,"end":9555.01},{"text":"French.","start":9555.01,"end":9555.57}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I have the pleasure of delivering this statement on behalf of Cairns, Australia, New Zealand, and my own country, Canada.","start":9556.61,"end":9563.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9556.61,"end":9556.69},{"text":"have","start":9556.69,"end":9556.85},{"text":"the","start":9556.85,"end":9556.93},{"text":"pleasure","start":9556.93,"end":9557.37},{"text":"of","start":9557.37,"end":9557.49},{"text":"delivering","start":9557.49,"end":9557.97},{"text":"this","start":9557.97,"end":9558.17},{"text":"statement","start":9558.17,"end":9558.69},{"text":"on","start":9558.69,"end":9558.77},{"text":"behalf","start":9558.77,"end":9559.17},{"text":"of","start":9559.17,"end":9559.25},{"text":"Cairns,","start":9559.25,"end":9559.89},{"text":"Australia,","start":9559.89,"end":9560.77},{"text":"New","start":9560.77,"end":9561.09},{"text":"Zealand,","start":9561.09,"end":9561.65},{"text":"and","start":9561.73,"end":9561.93},{"text":"my","start":9561.93,"end":9562.13},{"text":"own","start":9562.13,"end":9562.37},{"text":"country,","start":9562.37,"end":9562.85},{"text":"Canada.","start":9562.85,"end":9563.33}]},{"text":"We meet at a time of multiple ongoing armed conflicts with devastating humanitarian consequences.","start":9564.13,"end":9570.61,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Protecting","start":9952.85,"end":9953.41},{"text":"civilians","start":9953.41,"end":9953.89},{"text":"in","start":9953.89,"end":9954.05},{"text":"armed","start":9954.05,"end":9954.29},{"text":"conflicts","start":9954.29,"end":9954.85},{"text":"ultimately","start":9955.17,"end":9955.81},{"text":"requires","start":9955.89,"end":9956.53},{"text":"ending","start":9956.61,"end":9957.01},{"text":"hostilities","start":9957.01,"end":9957.73},{"text":"and","start":9957.73,"end":9957.85},{"text":"achieving","start":9957.85,"end":9958.25},{"text":"lasting","start":9958.25,"end":9958.61},{"text":"peace.","start":9958.61,"end":9959.01}]},{"text":"The international community should uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, uphold the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and resolve disputes through dialogue and consultation to address conflict risks at their source.","start":9959.49,"end":9975.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9959.49,"end":9959.61},{"text":"international","start":9959.61,"end":9960.09},{"text":"community","start":9960.09,"end":9960.61},{"text":"should","start":9960.69,"end":9960.97},{"text":"uphold","start":9961.01,"end":9961.49},{"text":"the","start":9961.49,"end":9961.57},{"text":"purposes","start":9961.57,"end":9961.97},{"text":"and","start":9961.97,"end":9962.13},{"text":"principles","start":9962.13,"end":9962.65},{"text":"of","start":9962.65,"end":9962.73},{"text":"the","start":9962.73,"end":9962.81},{"text":"UN","start":9962.81,"end":9963.01},{"text":"Charter,","start":9963.01,"end":9963.53},{"text":"uphold","start":9963.73,"end":9964.17},{"text":"the","start":9964.17,"end":9964.25},{"text":"concept","start":9964.25,"end":9964.77},{"text":"of","start":9964.77,"end":9965.01},{"text":"common,","start":9965.01,"end":9965.49},{"text":"comprehensive,","start":9965.49,"end":9966.21},{"text":"cooperative","start":9966.37,"end":9967.17},{"text":"and","start":9967.41,"end":9967.57},{"text":"sustainable","start":9967.57,"end":9968.05},{"text":"security,","start":9968.05,"end":9968.77},{"text":"and","start":9969.01,"end":9969.17},{"text":"resolve","start":9969.17,"end":9969.49},{"text":"disputes","start":9969.49,"end":9970.05},{"text":"through","start":9970.29,"end":9970.45},{"text":"dialogue","start":9970.45,"end":9971.01},{"text":"and","start":9971.09,"end":9971.33},{"text":"consultation","start":9971.33,"end":9972.21},{"text":"to","start":9972.29,"end":9972.53},{"text":"address","start":9972.53,"end":9972.85},{"text":"conflict","start":9972.85,"end":9973.49},{"text":"risks","start":9973.57,"end":9974.13},{"text":"at","start":9974.37,"end":9974.61},{"text":"their","start":9974.61,"end":9974.93},{"text":"source.","start":9974.93,"end":9975.49}]},{"text":"Second, we must uphold international rule of law and safeguard the authority of international humanitarian law, which is a matter of life and death.","start":9977.17,"end":9985.33,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":9977.17,"end":9977.41},{"text":"we","start":9977.89,"end":9978.05},{"text":"must","start":9978.05,"end":9978.29},{"text":"uphold","start":9978.29,"end":9978.85},{"text":"international","start":9978.85,"end":9979.33},{"text":"rule","start":9979.33,"end":9979.45},{"text":"of","start":9979.45,"end":9979.53},{"text":"law","start":9979.53,"end":9979.89},{"text":"and","start":9980.05,"end":9980.29},{"text":"safeguard","start":9980.29,"end":9980.77},{"text":"the","start":9980.77,"end":9980.89},{"text":"authority","start":9980.93,"end":9981.49},{"text":"of","start":9981.49,"end":9981.69},{"text":"international","start":9981.69,"end":9982.17},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9982.17,"end":9982.85},{"text":"law,","start":9982.85,"end":9983.17},{"text":"which","start":9983.33,"end":9983.65},{"text":"is","start":9983.65,"end":9983.81},{"text":"a","start":9983.81,"end":9983.85},{"text":"matter","start":9983.85,"end":9984.41},{"text":"of","start":9984.41,"end":9984.53},{"text":"life","start":9984.53,"end":9984.85},{"text":"and","start":9984.85,"end":9985.05},{"text":"death.","start":9985.05,"end":9985.33}]},{"text":"The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols are among the most widely ratified international conventions.","start":9986.65,"end":9992.81,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":9993.61,"end":9993.77},{"text":"parties","start":9993.77,"end":9994.25},{"text":"should","start":9994.25,"end":9994.57},{"text":"faithfully","start":9994.57,"end":9995.21},{"text":"fulfill","start":9995.21,"end":9995.69},{"text":"their","start":9995.69,"end":9995.81},{"text":"obligations,","start":9995.81,"end":9996.65},{"text":"respect","start":9997.05,"end":9997.77},{"text":"the","start":9998.09,"end":9998.33},{"text":"conventions","start":9998.33,"end":9998.97},{"text":"in","start":9999.13,"end":9999.45},{"text":"all","start":9999.45,"end":9999.69},{"text":"circumstances,","start":9999.69,"end":10000.89},{"text":"and","start":10001.05,"end":10001.21},{"text":"ensure","start":10001.21,"end":10001.61},{"text":"that","start":10001.61,"end":10001.81},{"text":"the","start":10001.81,"end":10001.89},{"text":"conventions","start":10001.89,"end":10002.49},{"text":"are","start":10002.57,"end":10002.93},{"text":"respected.","start":10002.93,"end":10003.53}]},{"text":"China opposes selective application and double standards, and opposes the politicization and instrumentalization of humanitarian issues as well as interference in other countries' internal affairs under the pretext of humanitarianism.","start":10004.25,"end":10017.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"China","start":10004.25,"end":10004.53},{"text":"opposes","start":10004.53,"end":10005.05},{"text":"selective","start":10005.05,"end":10005.69},{"text":"application","start":10005.69,"end":10006.33},{"text":"and","start":10006.33,"end":10006.45},{"text":"double","start":10006.45,"end":10006.69},{"text":"standards,","start":10006.69,"end":10007.21},{"text":"and","start":10007.73,"end":10007.93},{"text":"opposes","start":10008.09,"end":10008.65},{"text":"the","start":10008.89,"end":10009.13},{"text":"politicization","start":10009.13,"end":10010.01},{"text":"and","start":10010.09,"end":10010.33},{"text":"instrumentalization","start":10010.33,"end":10011.37},{"text":"of","start":10011.37,"end":10011.49},{"text":"humanitarian","start":10011.49,"end":10012.21},{"text":"issues","start":10012.21,"end":10012.65},{"text":"as","start":10012.97,"end":10013.21},{"text":"well","start":10013.21,"end":10013.33},{"text":"as","start":10013.33,"end":10013.45},{"text":"interference","start":10013.45,"end":10014.09},{"text":"in","start":10014.09,"end":10014.33},{"text":"other","start":10014.33,"end":10014.49},{"text":"countries'","start":10014.49,"end":10014.89},{"text":"internal","start":10014.89,"end":10015.21},{"text":"affairs","start":10015.21,"end":10015.49},{"text":"under","start":10015.49,"end":10015.73},{"text":"the","start":10015.73,"end":10015.85},{"text":"pretext","start":10015.85,"end":10016.41},{"text":"of","start":10016.41,"end":10016.61},{"text":"humanitarianism.","start":10016.61,"end":10017.61}]},{"text":"Third, we must strengthen governance and jointly address the challenges posed by new technologies.","start":10018.57,"end":10023.21,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. 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Speakers argued that international law, including IHL, must keep pace while preserving human control, accountability, and predictability."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. 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Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10054.13,"end":10054.29},{"text":"2024,","start":10054.29,"end":10055.09},{"text":"China,","start":10055.09,"end":10055.41},{"text":"together","start":10055.41,"end":10055.81},{"text":"with","start":10055.81,"end":10055.97},{"text":"relevant","start":10055.97,"end":10056.33},{"text":"countries","start":10056.33,"end":10056.77},{"text":"and","start":10056.77,"end":10056.97},{"text":"the","start":10056.97,"end":10057.05},{"text":"ICRC,","start":10057.05,"end":10057.89},{"text":"jointly","start":10058.21,"end":10058.85},{"text":"launched","start":10058.93,"end":10059.41},{"text":"the","start":10059.65,"end":10059.77},{"text":"International","start":10059.77,"end":10060.33},{"text":"Humanitarian","start":10060.33,"end":10061.17},{"text":"Law","start":10061.25,"end":10061.41},{"text":"Initiative,","start":10061.41,"end":10062.05},{"text":"reaffirming","start":10062.45,"end":10063.25},{"text":"the","start":10063.25,"end":10063.33},{"text":"state's","start":10063.33,"end":10063.81},{"text":"primary","start":10064.13,"end":10064.77},{"text":"responsibility","start":10064.77,"end":10065.65},{"text":"for","start":10065.65,"end":10065.85},{"text":"upholding","start":10065.85,"end":10066.37},{"text":"and","start":10066.37,"end":10066.61},{"text":"implementing","start":10066.61,"end":10067.09},{"text":"international","start":10067.09,"end":10067.57},{"text":"humanitarian","start":10067.57,"end":10068.29},{"text":"law","start":10068.29,"end":10068.65},{"text":"and","start":10068.77,"end":10068.97},{"text":"calling","start":10068.97,"end":10069.25},{"text":"on","start":10069.25,"end":10069.33},{"text":"all","start":10069.33,"end":10069.49},{"text":"parties","start":10069.49,"end":10069.81},{"text":"to","start":10069.81,"end":10070.01},{"text":"armed","start":10070.01,"end":10070.29},{"text":"conflicts","start":10070.29,"end":10070.77},{"text":"to","start":10070.77,"end":10070.85},{"text":"comply","start":10070.85,"end":10071.25},{"text":"with","start":10071.25,"end":10071.49},{"text":"it.","start":10071.49,"end":10071.73}]},{"text":"To date, 122 countries have formally joined the initiative.","start":10072.13,"end":10076.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":10072.13,"end":10072.29},{"text":"date,","start":10072.29,"end":10072.69},{"text":"122","start":10072.97,"end":10073.81},{"text":"countries","start":10073.81,"end":10074.29},{"text":"have","start":10074.45,"end":10074.61},{"text":"formally","start":10074.61,"end":10075.09},{"text":"joined","start":10075.09,"end":10075.57},{"text":"the","start":10075.57,"end":10075.69},{"text":"initiative.","start":10075.69,"end":10076.37}]},{"text":"In December, the initiative will convene a high-level conference on humanity in war in Jordan to promote wider dissemination and implementation of international humanitarian law.","start":10077.49,"end":10088.85,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10077.49,"end":10077.65},{"text":"December,","start":10077.65,"end":10078.21},{"text":"the","start":10078.21,"end":10078.33},{"text":"initiative","start":10078.33,"end":10078.85},{"text":"will","start":10079.01,"end":10079.17},{"text":"convene","start":10079.17,"end":10079.61},{"text":"a","start":10079.61,"end":10079.65},{"text":"high-level","start":10079.65,"end":10080.21},{"text":"conference","start":10080.21,"end":10080.77},{"text":"on","start":10080.85,"end":10081.09},{"text":"humanity","start":10081.09,"end":10081.73},{"text":"in","start":10081.73,"end":10081.89},{"text":"war","start":10081.89,"end":10082.29},{"text":"in","start":10082.29,"end":10082.45},{"text":"Jordan","start":10082.45,"end":10083.01},{"text":"to","start":10083.33,"end":10083.57},{"text":"promote","start":10083.57,"end":10084.05},{"text":"wider","start":10084.05,"end":10084.53},{"text":"dissemination","start":10084.53,"end":10085.41},{"text":"and","start":10085.77,"end":10086.05},{"text":"implementation","start":10086.05,"end":10087.09},{"text":"of","start":10087.09,"end":10087.17},{"text":"international","start":10087.17,"end":10087.69},{"text":"humanitarian","start":10087.69,"end":10088.53},{"text":"law.","start":10088.53,"end":10088.85}]},{"text":"China is a committed advocate, participant, and a contributor to international humanitarian law.","start":10089.33,"end":10094.85,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":10089.33,"end":10089.65},{"text":"is","start":10089.65,"end":10089.81},{"text":"a","start":10089.81,"end":10089.89},{"text":"committed","start":10089.89,"end":10090.45},{"text":"advocate,","start":10090.53,"end":10091.25},{"text":"participant,","start":10091.41,"end":10092.13},{"text":"and","start":10092.41,"end":10092.57},{"text":"a","start":10092.57,"end":10092.61},{"text":"contributor","start":10092.61,"end":10093.17},{"text":"to","start":10093.17,"end":10093.33},{"text":"international","start":10093.33,"end":10093.85},{"text":"humanitarian","start":10093.85,"end":10094.61},{"text":"law.","start":10094.61,"end":10094.85}]},{"text":"We stand ready to work with all countries to uphold the authority and vitality of the Geneva Convention systems.","start":10094.93,"end":10101.01,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10094.93,"end":10095.17},{"text":"stand","start":10095.17,"end":10095.41},{"text":"ready","start":10095.41,"end":10095.65},{"text":"to","start":10095.65,"end":10095.81},{"text":"work","start":10095.81,"end":10095.97},{"text":"with","start":10095.97,"end":10096.13},{"text":"all","start":10096.13,"end":10096.29},{"text":"countries","start":10096.29,"end":10096.77},{"text":"to","start":10096.93,"end":10097.17},{"text":"uphold","start":10097.17,"end":10097.65},{"text":"the","start":10097.65,"end":10097.73},{"text":"authority","start":10097.73,"end":10098.41},{"text":"and","start":10098.41,"end":10098.57},{"text":"vitality","start":10098.57,"end":10099.33},{"text":"of","start":10099.33,"end":10099.49},{"text":"the","start":10099.49,"end":10099.57},{"text":"Geneva","start":10099.57,"end":10099.97},{"text":"Convention","start":10099.97,"end":10100.45},{"text":"systems.","start":10100.45,"end":10101.01}]},{"text":"and to keep advancing the international humanitarian cause and the development of international humanitarian law.","start":10102.13,"end":10106.93,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":10102.13,"end":10102.25},{"text":"to","start":10102.25,"end":10102.37},{"text":"keep","start":10102.37,"end":10102.61},{"text":"advancing","start":10102.61,"end":10103.13},{"text":"the","start":10103.13,"end":10103.21},{"text":"international","start":10103.21,"end":10103.69},{"text":"humanitarian","start":10103.69,"end":10104.37},{"text":"cause","start":10104.37,"end":10104.81},{"text":"and","start":10104.81,"end":10104.93},{"text":"the","start":10104.93,"end":10105.01},{"text":"development","start":10105.01,"end":10105.45},{"text":"of","start":10105.45,"end":10105.53},{"text":"international","start":10105.53,"end":10106.01},{"text":"humanitarian","start":10106.01,"end":10106.65},{"text":"law.","start":10106.65,"end":10106.93}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":10106.93,"end":10107.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10106.93,"end":10107.09},{"text":"you,","start":10107.09,"end":10107.17},{"text":"Chair.","start":10107.17,"end":10107.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"China"}},{"statement_number":67,"start":10109.97,"pageUrl":"/zh/ga/c6/81/17?lang=en&t=2:48:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of China for her statement.","start":10109.97,"end":10114.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10109.97,"end":10110.21},{"text":"thank","start":10110.21,"end":10110.45},{"text":"the","start":10110.45,"end":10110.53},{"text":"distinguished","start":10110.53,"end":10111.21},{"text":"representative","start":10111.21,"end":10112.05},{"text":"of","start":10112.05,"end":10112.13},{"text":"China","start":10112.13,"end":10112.69},{"text":"for","start":10112.85,"end":10113.17},{"text":"her","start":10113.17,"end":10113.33},{"text":"statement.","start":10113.33,"end":10114.13}]},{"text":"We heard the last speaker on this item for this morning.","start":10114.13,"end":10117.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10114.13,"end":10114.37},{"text":"heard","start":10114.37,"end":10114.61},{"text":"the","start":10114.61,"end":10114.69},{"text":"last","start":10114.69,"end":10114.93},{"text":"speaker","start":10114.93,"end":10115.57},{"text":"on","start":10115.57,"end":10115.81},{"text":"this","start":10115.81,"end":10116.13},{"text":"item","start":10116.13,"end":10116.53},{"text":"for","start":10116.53,"end":10116.85},{"text":"this","start":10116.85,"end":10117.17},{"text":"morning.","start":10117.17,"end":10117.65}]},{"text":"We will continue consideration of agenda item 81, status of the protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts at our next meeting.","start":10117.65,"end":10131.73,"topics":[{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10117.65,"end":10117.85},{"text":"will","start":10117.85,"end":10118.05},{"text":"continue","start":10118.05,"end":10118.77},{"text":"consideration","start":10119.09,"end":10119.89},{"text":"of","start":10119.89,"end":10120.05},{"text":"agenda","start":10120.05,"end":10120.49},{"text":"item","start":10120.49,"end":10120.93},{"text":"81,","start":10120.93,"end":10121.57},{"text":"status","start":10121.57,"end":10122.13},{"text":"of","start":10122.13,"end":10122.29},{"text":"the","start":10122.29,"end":10122.37},{"text":"protocols","start":10122.37,"end":10123.01},{"text":"additional","start":10123.01,"end":10123.49},{"text":"to","start":10123.49,"end":10123.65},{"text":"the","start":10123.65,"end":10123.73},{"text":"Geneva","start":10123.73,"end":10124.21},{"text":"Conventions","start":10124.21,"end":10125.09},{"text":"of","start":10125.45,"end":10125.57},{"text":"1949","start":10125.57,"end":10126.69},{"text":"and","start":10126.69,"end":10126.89},{"text":"relating","start":10126.89,"end":10127.65},{"text":"to","start":10127.89,"end":10128.01},{"text":"the","start":10128.01,"end":10128.09},{"text":"protection","start":10128.09,"end":10128.61},{"text":"of","start":10128.61,"end":10128.77},{"text":"victims","start":10128.77,"end":10129.33},{"text":"of","start":10129.33,"end":10129.49},{"text":"armed","start":10129.49,"end":10129.81},{"text":"conflicts","start":10129.81,"end":10130.45},{"text":"at","start":10130.45,"end":10130.69},{"text":"our","start":10130.69,"end":10130.93},{"text":"next","start":10130.93,"end":10131.33},{"text":"meeting.","start":10131.33,"end":10131.73}]},{"text":"tomorrow 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resolution 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Working Group on Criminal Accountability of United Nations Officials and Experts on Mission will hold its first meeting this afternoon at 3 p.m.","start":10161.85,"end":10171.77,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10161.85,"end":10161.97},{"text":"Working","start":10161.97,"end":10162.33},{"text":"Group","start":10162.33,"end":10162.65},{"text":"on","start":10162.65,"end":10162.89},{"text":"Criminal","start":10162.89,"end":10163.49},{"text":"Accountability","start":10163.49,"end":10164.57},{"text":"of","start":10164.57,"end":10164.73},{"text":"United","start":10164.73,"end":10165.21},{"text":"Nations","start":10165.21,"end":10165.73},{"text":"Officials","start":10165.73,"end":10166.33},{"text":"and","start":10166.33,"end":10166.45},{"text":"Experts","start":10166.45,"end":10167.05},{"text":"on","start":10167.05,"end":10167.21},{"text":"Mission","start":10167.21,"end":10167.77},{"text":"will","start":10168.09,"end":10168.25},{"text":"hold","start":10168.25,"end":10168.65},{"text":"its","start":10168.65,"end":10168.89},{"text":"first","start":10168.89,"end":10169.37},{"text":"meeting","start":10169.37,"end":10169.85},{"text":"this","start":10169.85,"end":10170.17},{"text":"afternoon","start":10170.17,"end":10170.89},{"text":"at","start":10170.89,"end":10171.13},{"text":"3","start":10171.13,"end":10171.45},{"text":"p.m.","start":10171.45,"end":10171.77}]},{"text":"The meeting will be in this room.","start":10171.77,"end":10173.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10171.77,"end":10171.89},{"text":"meeting","start":10171.89,"end":10172.21},{"text":"will","start":10172.21,"end":10172.33},{"text":"be","start":10172.33,"end":10172.45},{"text":"in","start":10172.45,"end":10172.57},{"text":"this","start":10172.57,"end":10172.89},{"text":"room.","start":10172.89,"end":10173.13}]},{"text":"Please also be reminded that the informal consultations on agenda item 112, measures to eliminate international terrorism, will be held during the lunch break today, starting at 1:15 p.m., while the informal consultations on agenda items 79, United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity, will be held at 2:00 p.m.","start":10173.61,"end":10201.25,"topics":[{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. 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peace."}],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":10173.61,"end":10173.93},{"text":"also","start":10173.93,"end":10174.33},{"text":"be","start":10174.33,"end":10174.49},{"text":"reminded","start":10174.49,"end":10175.13},{"text":"that","start":10175.45,"end":10175.85},{"text":"the","start":10176.09,"end":10176.21},{"text":"informal","start":10176.25,"end":10176.89},{"text":"consultations","start":10176.89,"end":10178.01},{"text":"on","start":10178.01,"end":10178.25},{"text":"agenda","start":10178.25,"end":10178.81},{"text":"item","start":10178.81,"end":10179.45},{"text":"112,","start":10179.45,"end":10180.25},{"text":"measures","start":10180.33,"end":10180.81},{"text":"to","start":10180.81,"end":10181.01},{"text":"eliminate","start":10181.01,"end":10181.61},{"text":"international","start":10181.61,"end":10182.41},{"text":"terrorism,","start":10182.41,"end":10183.21},{"text":"will","start":10183.57,"end":10183.73},{"text":"be","start":10183.73,"end":10183.89},{"text":"held","start":10183.89,"end":10184.17},{"text":"during","start":10184.17,"end":10184.45},{"text":"the","start":10184.45,"end":10184.57},{"text":"lunch","start":10184.57,"end":10184.89},{"text":"break","start":10184.89,"end":10185.17},{"text":"today,","start":10185.17,"end":10185.57},{"text":"starting","start":10185.57,"end":10186.21},{"text":"at","start":10186.21,"end":10187.17},{"text":"1:15","start":10187.17,"end":10187.21},{"text":"p.m.,","start":10187.25,"end":10187.81},{"text":"while","start":10188.01,"end":10188.37},{"text":"the","start":10188.37,"end":10188.45},{"text":"informal","start":10188.45,"end":10189.01},{"text":"consultations","start":10189.01,"end":10190.21},{"text":"on","start":10190.21,"end":10190.53},{"text":"agenda","start":10190.53,"end":10191.01},{"text":"items","start":10191.01,"end":10191.53},{"text":"79,","start":10191.53,"end":10192.53},{"text":"United","start":10192.85,"end":10193.41},{"text":"Nations","start":10193.41,"end":10193.89},{"text":"Conference","start":10193.89,"end":10194.61},{"text":"of","start":10194.65,"end":10194.77},{"text":"Plenipotentiaries","start":10194.77,"end":10195.97},{"text":"on","start":10196.37,"end":10196.61},{"text":"Prevention","start":10196.61,"end":10197.21},{"text":"and","start":10197.21,"end":10197.33},{"text":"Punishment","start":10197.33,"end":10197.93},{"text":"of","start":10197.93,"end":10198.05},{"text":"Crimes","start":10198.05,"end":10198.45},{"text":"Against","start":10198.45,"end":10198.81},{"text":"Humanity,","start":10198.81,"end":10199.49},{"text":"will","start":10199.49,"end":10199.73},{"text":"be","start":10199.73,"end":10199.89},{"text":"held","start":10199.89,"end":10200.29},{"text":"at","start":10200.29,"end":10200.73},{"text":"2:00","start":10200.73,"end":10200.77},{"text":"p.m.","start":10200.77,"end":10201.25}]},{"text":"Next, I would like to draw the attention of the Committee to a revised programme of work of the Sixth Committee for the remainder of the session proposed by the Bureau, which was circulated to all delegations earlier this morning and posted on the website.","start":10202.13,"end":10217.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10202.13,"end":10202.61},{"text":"I","start":10202.61,"end":10202.65},{"text":"would","start":10202.65,"end":10202.81},{"text":"like","start":10202.81,"end":10203.01},{"text":"to","start":10203.01,"end":10203.13},{"text":"draw","start":10203.13,"end":10203.41},{"text":"the","start":10203.41,"end":10203.53},{"text":"attention","start":10203.53,"end":10204.33},{"text":"of","start":10204.33,"end":10204.49},{"text":"the","start":10204.49,"end":10204.61},{"text":"Committee","start":10204.61,"end":10205.09},{"text":"to","start":10205.25,"end":10205.53},{"text":"a","start":10205.53,"end":10205.57},{"text":"revised","start":10205.57,"end":10206.21},{"text":"programme","start":10206.21,"end":10206.65},{"text":"of","start":10206.65,"end":10206.77},{"text":"work","start":10206.77,"end":10207.09},{"text":"of","start":10207.09,"end":10207.21},{"text":"the","start":10207.21,"end":10207.29},{"text":"Sixth","start":10207.33,"end":10207.65},{"text":"Committee","start":10207.65,"end":10208.13},{"text":"for","start":10208.13,"end":10208.37},{"text":"the","start":10208.37,"end":10208.45},{"text":"remainder","start":10208.45,"end":10209.09},{"text":"of","start":10209.09,"end":10209.25},{"text":"the","start":10209.25,"end":10209.37},{"text":"session","start":10209.37,"end":10209.97},{"text":"proposed","start":10209.97,"end":10210.65},{"text":"by","start":10210.69,"end":10211.01},{"text":"the","start":10211.01,"end":10211.09},{"text":"Bureau,","start":10211.09,"end":10211.57},{"text":"which","start":10211.97,"end":10212.29},{"text":"was","start":10212.29,"end":10212.45},{"text":"circulated","start":10212.45,"end":10213.21},{"text":"to","start":10213.21,"end":10213.41},{"text":"all","start":10213.41,"end":10213.61},{"text":"delegations","start":10213.61,"end":10214.61},{"text":"earlier","start":10214.61,"end":10215.25},{"text":"this","start":10215.25,"end":10215.57},{"text":"morning","start":10215.57,"end":10215.93},{"text":"and","start":10215.93,"end":10216.13},{"text":"posted","start":10216.13,"end":10216.61},{"text":"on","start":10216.61,"end":10216.77},{"text":"the","start":10216.77,"end":10216.85},{"text":"website.","start":10216.85,"end":10217.41}]},{"text":"The revised programme is designed to bring the debate back on track.","start":10217.81,"end":10221.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10217.81,"end":10218.01},{"text":"revised","start":10218.01,"end":10218.53},{"text":"programme","start":10218.53,"end":10219.01},{"text":"is","start":10219.01,"end":10219.17},{"text":"designed","start":10219.17,"end":10219.69},{"text":"to","start":10219.69,"end":10219.77},{"text":"bring","start":10219.77,"end":10220.05},{"text":"the","start":10220.05,"end":10220.13},{"text":"debate","start":10220.13,"end":10220.69},{"text":"back","start":10220.69,"end":10221.09},{"text":"on","start":10221.09,"end":10221.33},{"text":"track.","start":10221.33,"end":10221.81}]},{"text":"Among other things, it seeks to respect the tradition of the report of the of UNCITRAL being considered on the Monday of the third week.","start":10222.13,"end":10231.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Among","start":10222.13,"end":10222.61},{"text":"other","start":10222.61,"end":10222.85},{"text":"things,","start":10222.85,"end":10223.25},{"text":"it","start":10223.25,"end":10223.41},{"text":"seeks","start":10223.41,"end":10223.89},{"text":"to","start":10223.89,"end":10224.01},{"text":"respect","start":10224.01,"end":10224.53},{"text":"the","start":10224.53,"end":10224.61},{"text":"tradition","start":10224.61,"end":10225.25},{"text":"of","start":10225.25,"end":10225.41},{"text":"the","start":10225.41,"end":10225.49},{"text":"report","start":10225.49,"end":10226.05},{"text":"of","start":10226.05,"end":10226.29},{"text":"the","start":10226.29,"end":10226.41},{"text":"of","start":10227.13,"end":10227.25},{"text":"UNCITRAL","start":10227.25,"end":10228.45},{"text":"being","start":10228.45,"end":10228.73},{"text":"considered","start":10228.73,"end":10229.45},{"text":"on","start":10229.45,"end":10229.73},{"text":"the","start":10229.73,"end":10229.85},{"text":"Monday","start":10229.85,"end":10230.41},{"text":"of","start":10230.41,"end":10230.65},{"text":"the","start":10230.65,"end":10230.81},{"text":"third","start":10230.81,"end":10231.29},{"text":"week.","start":10231.29,"end":10231.61}]},{"text":"The key decision is to postpone the debate on agenda item 83, report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization, to Thursday and Friday next week.","start":10231.85,"end":10247.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10231.85,"end":10231.97},{"text":"key","start":10232.01,"end":10232.25},{"text":"decision","start":10232.25,"end":10232.97},{"text":"is","start":10232.97,"end":10233.21},{"text":"to","start":10233.21,"end":10233.33},{"text":"postpone","start":10233.33,"end":10233.93},{"text":"the","start":10233.93,"end":10234.01},{"text":"debate","start":10234.01,"end":10234.49},{"text":"on","start":10234.49,"end":10234.73},{"text":"agenda","start":10234.73,"end":10235.21},{"text":"item","start":10235.21,"end":10235.69},{"text":"83,","start":10235.69,"end":10236.49},{"text":"report","start":10236.97,"end":10237.45},{"text":"of","start":10237.45,"end":10237.57},{"text":"the","start":10237.57,"end":10237.69},{"text":"Special","start":10237.69,"end":10238.25},{"text":"Committee","start":10238.25,"end":10238.73},{"text":"on","start":10238.73,"end":10238.89},{"text":"the","start":10238.89,"end":10238.97},{"text":"Charter","start":10238.97,"end":10239.49},{"text":"of","start":10239.49,"end":10239.69},{"text":"the","start":10239.69,"end":10239.77},{"text":"United","start":10239.77,"end":10240.25},{"text":"Nations","start":10240.25,"end":10241.05},{"text":"and","start":10241.37,"end":10241.61},{"text":"on","start":10241.61,"end":10241.85},{"text":"the","start":10241.85,"end":10242.01},{"text":"Strengthening","start":10242.01,"end":10242.73},{"text":"of","start":10242.73,"end":10242.89},{"text":"the","start":10242.89,"end":10242.97},{"text":"Role","start":10242.97,"end":10243.25},{"text":"of","start":10243.25,"end":10243.37},{"text":"the","start":10243.37,"end":10243.49},{"text":"Organization,","start":10243.49,"end":10244.49},{"text":"to","start":10244.49,"end":10244.61},{"text":"Thursday","start":10244.73,"end":10245.37},{"text":"and","start":10245.37,"end":10245.61},{"text":"Friday","start":10245.61,"end":10246.09},{"text":"next","start":10246.09,"end":10246.73},{"text":"week.","start":10246.73,"end":10247.13}]},{"text":"Please also note that the Bureau has recommended that, in the interest of making more progress in our debate, The Sixth Committee should seek to hold a meeting during the morning of Wednesday, 21 October, after the conclusion of the debate in the General Assembly on the residual mechanism.","start":10247.53,"end":10266.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":10247.53,"end":10247.85},{"text":"also","start":10247.85,"end":10248.17},{"text":"note","start":10248.17,"end":10248.49},{"text":"that","start":10248.49,"end":10248.61},{"text":"the","start":10248.61,"end":10248.73},{"text":"Bureau","start":10248.73,"end":10249.05},{"text":"has","start":10249.05,"end":10249.21},{"text":"recommended","start":10249.21,"end":10249.93},{"text":"that,","start":10249.93,"end":10250.17},{"text":"in","start":10250.17,"end":10250.29},{"text":"the","start":10250.29,"end":10250.37},{"text":"interest","start":10250.37,"end":10251.09},{"text":"of","start":10251.09,"end":10251.21},{"text":"making","start":10251.21,"end":10251.61},{"text":"more","start":10251.61,"end":10251.85},{"text":"progress","start":10251.85,"end":10252.49},{"text":"in","start":10252.49,"end":10252.65},{"text":"our","start":10252.65,"end":10252.97},{"text":"debate,","start":10252.97,"end":10253.53},{"text":"The","start":10254.41,"end":10254.61},{"text":"Sixth","start":10254.61,"end":10254.97},{"text":"Committee","start":10254.97,"end":10255.53},{"text":"should","start":10255.61,"end":10255.93},{"text":"seek","start":10255.93,"end":10256.25},{"text":"to","start":10256.25,"end":10256.41},{"text":"hold","start":10256.41,"end":10256.69},{"text":"a","start":10256.69,"end":10256.73},{"text":"meeting","start":10256.73,"end":10257.29},{"text":"during","start":10257.29,"end":10257.73},{"text":"the","start":10257.73,"end":10257.85},{"text":"morning","start":10257.85,"end":10258.33},{"text":"of","start":10258.33,"end":10258.57},{"text":"Wednesday,","start":10258.57,"end":10259.21},{"text":"21","start":10259.21,"end":10260.01},{"text":"October,","start":10260.17,"end":10260.89},{"text":"after","start":10261.29,"end":10261.69},{"text":"the","start":10261.69,"end":10261.77},{"text":"conclusion","start":10261.77,"end":10262.41},{"text":"of","start":10262.41,"end":10262.57},{"text":"the","start":10262.57,"end":10262.65},{"text":"debate","start":10262.65,"end":10263.05},{"text":"in","start":10263.05,"end":10263.21},{"text":"the","start":10263.21,"end":10263.29},{"text":"General","start":10263.29,"end":10263.69},{"text":"Assembly","start":10263.69,"end":10264.41},{"text":"on","start":10264.73,"end":10264.97},{"text":"the","start":10264.97,"end":10265.05},{"text":"residual","start":10265.05,"end":10265.77},{"text":"mechanism.","start":10265.77,"end":10266.65}]},{"text":"Finally, delegations are reminded that, as was decided at the first meeting of the Committee, the deadline to inscribe for the debate on the following agenda items to be considered by the plenary next week is tomorrow afternoon at 5:00 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agenda items are as follows.","start":10283.81,"end":10285.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10283.81,"end":10283.93},{"text":"agenda","start":10283.97,"end":10284.41},{"text":"items","start":10284.41,"end":10285.01},{"text":"are","start":10285.01,"end":10285.13},{"text":"as","start":10285.13,"end":10285.33},{"text":"follows.","start":10285.33,"end":10285.89}]},{"text":"Agenda item 76, report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on the work of its 59th session.","start":10285.89,"end":10296.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agenda","start":10285.89,"end":10286.45},{"text":"item","start":10286.45,"end":10286.93},{"text":"76,","start":10286.93,"end":10287.89},{"text":"report","start":10288.29,"end":10288.85},{"text":"of","start":10288.85,"end":10289.01},{"text":"the","start":10289.01,"end":10289.13},{"text":"United","start":10289.13,"end":10290.13},{"text":"Nations","start":10290.13,"end":10290.69},{"text":"Commission","start":10290.69,"end":10291.49},{"text":"on","start":10291.49,"end":10291.89},{"text":"International","start":10291.89,"end":10292.61},{"text":"Trade","start":10292.61,"end":10292.93},{"text":"Law","start":10292.93,"end":10293.25},{"text":"on","start":10293.41,"end":10293.57},{"text":"the","start":10293.57,"end":10293.65},{"text":"work","start":10293.65,"end":10294.05},{"text":"of","start":10294.13,"end":10294.29},{"text":"its","start":10294.29,"end":10294.61},{"text":"59th","start":10294.61,"end":10295.37},{"text":"session.","start":10295.37,"end":10296.05}]},{"text":"Agenda item 150, administration of justice at the United Nations.","start":10296.77,"end":10302.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agenda","start":10296.77,"end":10297.25},{"text":"item","start":10297.25,"end":10297.81},{"text":"150,","start":10297.81,"end":10298.65},{"text":"administration","start":10298.65,"end":10299.69},{"text":"of","start":10299.69,"end":10299.81},{"text":"justice","start":10299.81,"end":10300.61},{"text":"at","start":10300.85,"end":10301.09},{"text":"the","start":10301.09,"end":10301.17},{"text":"United","start":10301.17,"end":10301.69},{"text":"Nations.","start":10301.69,"end":10302.45}]},{"text":"Agenda item 82, consideration of effective measures to enhance the protection, security, and safety of diplomatic and consular missions and representatives.","start":10302.45,"end":10313.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agenda","start":10302.45,"end":10303.01},{"text":"item","start":10303.01,"end":10303.49},{"text":"82,","start":10303.49,"end":10304.21},{"text":"consideration","start":10304.61,"end":10305.57},{"text":"of","start":10305.57,"end":10305.81},{"text":"effective","start":10305.85,"end":10306.37},{"text":"measures","start":10306.37,"end":10307.01},{"text":"to","start":10307.01,"end":10307.17},{"text":"enhance","start":10307.17,"end":10307.73},{"text":"the","start":10307.73,"end":10307.81},{"text":"protection,","start":10307.81,"end":10308.53},{"text":"security,","start":10308.53,"end":10309.29},{"text":"and","start":10309.29,"end":10309.49},{"text":"safety","start":10309.49,"end":10310.21},{"text":"of","start":10310.21,"end":10310.37},{"text":"diplomatic","start":10310.37,"end":10311.01},{"text":"and","start":10311.01,"end":10311.17},{"text":"consular","start":10311.17,"end":10311.81},{"text":"missions","start":10311.81,"end":10312.25},{"text":"and","start":10312.25,"end":10312.37},{"text":"representatives.","start":10312.37,"end":10313.49}]},{"text":"Agenda item 80, expulsion of aliens.","start":10313.81,"end":10317.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agenda","start":10313.81,"end":10314.37},{"text":"item","start":10314.37,"end":10314.85},{"text":"80,","start":10314.93,"end":10315.49},{"text":"expulsion","start":10315.81,"end":10316.57},{"text":"of","start":10316.57,"end":10316.77},{"text":"aliens.","start":10316.77,"end":10317.41}]},{"text":"Agenda item 87, responsibility of international organizations.","start":10317.49,"end":10322.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agenda","start":10317.49,"end":10317.89},{"text":"item","start":10317.89,"end":10318.37},{"text":"87,","start":10318.37,"end":10319.33},{"text":"responsibility","start":10319.33,"end":10320.53},{"text":"of","start":10320.53,"end":10320.69},{"text":"international","start":10320.69,"end":10321.57},{"text":"organizations.","start":10321.57,"end":10322.69}]},{"text":"and agenda item 77, United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law.","start":10323.01,"end":10333.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":10323.01,"end":10323.33},{"text":"agenda","start":10323.33,"end":10324.05},{"text":"item","start":10324.05,"end":10324.53},{"text":"77,","start":10324.53,"end":10325.57},{"text":"United","start":10325.97,"end":10326.45},{"text":"Nations","start":10326.45,"end":10327.09},{"text":"Programme","start":10327.09,"end":10327.57},{"text":"of","start":10327.57,"end":10327.65},{"text":"Assistance","start":10327.65,"end":10328.29},{"text":"in","start":10328.29,"end":10328.37},{"text":"the","start":10328.37,"end":10328.49},{"text":"Teaching,","start":10328.49,"end":10328.93},{"text":"Study,","start":10328.93,"end":10329.49},{"text":"Dissemination","start":10329.49,"end":10330.37},{"text":"and","start":10330.37,"end":10330.53},{"text":"Wider","start":10330.53,"end":10330.97},{"text":"Appreciation","start":10330.97,"end":10331.97},{"text":"of","start":10332.37,"end":10332.69},{"text":"International","start":10332.69,"end":10333.85},{"text":"Law.","start":10333.85,"end":10333.93}]},{"text":"Clearly, there is still much work to be done in this committee, and you have a long afternoon ahead.","start":10333.97,"end":10339.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Clearly,","start":10333.97,"end":10334.53},{"text":"there","start":10334.61,"end":10334.89},{"text":"is","start":10334.89,"end":10334.97},{"text":"still","start":10334.97,"end":10335.17},{"text":"much","start":10335.17,"end":10335.49},{"text":"work","start":10335.49,"end":10335.81},{"text":"to","start":10335.81,"end":10336.01},{"text":"be","start":10336.01,"end":10336.17},{"text":"done","start":10336.17,"end":10336.45},{"text":"in","start":10336.45,"end":10336.53},{"text":"this","start":10336.53,"end":10336.77},{"text":"committee,","start":10336.77,"end":10337.25},{"text":"and","start":10337.25,"end":10337.37},{"text":"you","start":10337.37,"end":10337.49},{"text":"have","start":10337.49,"end":10337.81},{"text":"a","start":10338.05,"end":10338.13},{"text":"long","start":10338.13,"end":10338.53},{"text":"afternoon","start":10338.53,"end":10339.21},{"text":"ahead.","start":10339.21,"end":10339.65}]},{"text":"The meeting is adjourned.","start":10340.53,"end":10341.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10340.53,"end":10340.65},{"text":"meeting","start":10340.65,"end":10341.09},{"text":"is","start":10341.17,"end":10341.41},{"text":"adjourned.","start":10341.41,"end":10341.89}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}}],"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"Multiple speakers highlighted the need to protect civilians and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict, including humanitarian workers, medical personnel, journalists, and prisoners of war. They condemned serious violations of IHL and stressed humanitarian access and safeguards for civilian infrastructure."},{"key":"criminal-cooperation","label":"International Criminal Cooperation","description":"Several delegations emphasized extradition, mutual legal assistance, evidence-sharing, and treaty-based cooperation as essential tools for investigating and prosecuting serious crimes across borders. This was presented as a practical complement to debates over jurisdiction itself."},{"key":"emerging-technologies","label":"Emerging Technologies and Warfare","description":"Several statements addressed how artificial intelligence, cyber operations, drones, and other new technologies are creating fresh legal and humanitarian challenges. Speakers argued that international law, including IHL, must keep pace while preserving human control, accountability, and predictability."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction","label":"Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central discussion concerned the definition, scope, legal basis, and practical application of universal jurisdiction by national courts. Many speakers called for a clearer common understanding of which crimes it covers and under what conditions it may be exercised."},{"key":"jurisdictional-safeguards","label":"Jurisdictional Safeguards","description":"Delegations repeatedly stressed that universal jurisdiction must be limited by safeguards such as sovereignty, non-interference, complementarity, subsidiarity, and respect for immunities. Many argued that it should operate only as a last resort when states with the closest connection are unable or unwilling to act."},{"key":"atrocity-crime-accountability","label":"Accountability for Atrocity Crimes","description":"Many statements focused on ending impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other grave crimes. Speakers linked legal mechanisms at national and international levels to justice for victims, deterrence, and durable peace."},{"key":"international-humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law","description":"Another major theme was the status and implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, especially their continued relevance in contemporary armed conflict. Speakers called for wider adherence, stronger domestic implementation, and better respect for existing IHL obligations."}]}}