{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/zh/sc/10096?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/zh/sc/10096.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1t/k1tezmm4d8","kaltura_id":"1_tezmm4d8","title":"在维护国际和平与安全过程中增进和加强法治 - 安全理事会第10096次会议","clean_title":"在维护国际和平与安全过程中增进和加强法治 - 安全理事会第10096次会议","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1t/k1tezmm4d8","date":"2026-01-26T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-01-26T15:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"03:10:42","category":"安全理事会","body":"Security Council","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":"S/PV.10096","pv_part":1,"slug":"sc/10096"},"metadata":{"summary":"Open debate of the Security Council under the agenda item \"The promotion and strengthening of the rule of law in the maintenance of international peace and security\" ","description":"The international rule of law is a fundamental pillar of multilateralism and keystone of the pursuit of cooperation among nations and the maintenance of international peace and security. Both the Security Council and the General Assembly have reaffirmed in numerous resolutions, declarations and statements their commitment to the rule of law.\nReaffirming the international rule of law and reinforcing its role through the observance of international obligations in good faith, the peaceful settlement of disputes, and the strengthening of multilateral cooperation will help to rebuild trust and uphold the ideals of the Charter, including peace, justice and collective security.\nObjectives: The objective of this open debate is to reaffirm the importance of the international rule of law for the maintenance of peace and security in the world and to identify ways and means of fortifying it and preventing its gradual erosion through breaches and violations.\nSpeakers: The Security Council meeting will be chaired by the President of Somalia, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, and will feature briefings by the Secretary-General, the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Mahmoud Ali Youssouf, and the Founding President of the African Institute of International Law, Judge Abdulqawi Yusuf (via videoconference).\nBackground: Recent armed conflicts across the globe seem to have fostered a public perception that the international rule of law is being eroded by repeated breaches in such conflicts. The Security Council's inability to resolve these conflicts is viewed in many quarters as an indication that the capacity of relevant international institutions to enforce the rule of law has significantly diminished. This perception can fuel distrust, which in turn may generate ripple effects in various parts of the world, ultimately contributing to the gradual weakening of the rule of law and of international legal norms in the conduct of international relations.\nHowever, good faith observance of international obligations, peaceful settlement of disputes, and multilateral cooperation among States in solving economic and social problems offer reliable pathways forward to reinforce the rule of law among nations and restore confidence in international institutions and processes.\n[Extract from the concept note]","categories":["Meetings & Events","Security Council","Thematic Debate"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["LAW","INTERNATIONAL LAW","RULE OF LAW","PEACE","JUSTICE","MULTILATERALISM"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"Concept note (S/2026/28)","url":"https://docs.un.org/en/S/2026/28?direct=true"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-120adcb9-3703-4bdc-9907-bba10f207b55","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":2.35,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=3","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"10096 meeting of the Security Council is called to an order.","start":2.35,"end":7.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"10096","start":2.35,"end":4.03},{"text":"meeting","start":4.03,"end":4.47},{"text":"of","start":4.51,"end":4.67},{"text":"the","start":4.67,"end":4.75},{"text":"Security","start":4.75,"end":5.15},{"text":"Council","start":5.15,"end":5.79},{"text":"is","start":5.95,"end":6.11},{"text":"called","start":6.11,"end":6.55},{"text":"to","start":6.55,"end":6.67},{"text":"an","start":6.67,"end":6.83},{"text":"order.","start":6.83,"end":7.23}]},{"text":"The provisional agenda for this meeting is the promotion and strengthening of the rule of law in the maintenance of international peace and security, reaffirming international rule of law, pathways to reinvigorating peace, justice and multilateralism.","start":12.83,"end":28.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":12.83,"end":12.95},{"text":"provisional","start":12.95,"end":13.43},{"text":"agenda","start":13.47,"end":14.03},{"text":"for","start":14.43,"end":14.59},{"text":"this","start":14.59,"end":14.75},{"text":"meeting","start":14.75,"end":15.15},{"text":"is","start":15.15,"end":15.55},{"text":"the","start":15.55,"end":15.71},{"text":"promotion","start":15.71,"end":16.35},{"text":"and","start":16.35,"end":16.47},{"text":"strengthening","start":16.47,"end":17.15},{"text":"of","start":17.47,"end":17.55},{"text":"the","start":17.55,"end":17.67},{"text":"rule","start":17.67,"end":17.87},{"text":"of","start":17.87,"end":17.95},{"text":"law","start":17.95,"end":18.35},{"text":"in","start":18.59,"end":18.75},{"text":"the","start":18.75,"end":18.83},{"text":"maintenance","start":18.83,"end":19.47},{"text":"of","start":19.47,"end":19.55},{"text":"international","start":19.55,"end":20.15},{"text":"peace","start":20.15,"end":20.39},{"text":"and","start":20.39,"end":20.51},{"text":"security,","start":20.51,"end":21.07},{"text":"reaffirming","start":21.63,"end":22.39},{"text":"international","start":22.75,"end":23.63},{"text":"rule","start":23.63,"end":23.79},{"text":"of","start":23.79,"end":23.87},{"text":"law,","start":23.87,"end":24.11},{"text":"pathways","start":24.51,"end":25.23},{"text":"to","start":25.23,"end":25.35},{"text":"reinvigorating","start":25.35,"end":26.27},{"text":"peace,","start":26.27,"end":26.83},{"text":"justice","start":27.07,"end":27.63},{"text":"and","start":27.67,"end":27.79},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":27.79,"end":28.75}]},{"text":"The agenda is adopted.","start":30.23,"end":31.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":30.23,"end":30.35},{"text":"agenda","start":30.35,"end":30.87},{"text":"is","start":31.03,"end":31.19},{"text":"adopted.","start":31.19,"end":31.75}]},{"text":"In accordance with rule 37 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, Germany, India, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malaysia, Maldives, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Niger, New Zealand, Paraguay, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Rwanda, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, and Vietnam to participate in this meeting.","start":38.31,"end":131.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":38.31,"end":38.47},{"text":"accordance","start":38.47,"end":39.19},{"text":"with","start":39.43,"end":39.67},{"text":"rule","start":39.67,"end":39.91},{"text":"37","start":39.91,"end":40.63},{"text":"of","start":40.63,"end":40.79},{"text":"the","start":40.79,"end":40.87},{"text":"Council's","start":40.87,"end":41.35},{"text":"provisional","start":41.35,"end":41.83},{"text":"rules","start":41.83,"end":42.31},{"text":"of","start":42.39,"end":42.55},{"text":"procedure,","start":42.55,"end":43.27},{"text":"I","start":43.91,"end":44.07},{"text":"invite","start":44.07,"end":44.55},{"text":"the","start":44.63,"end":44.75},{"text":"representatives","start":44.75,"end":45.75},{"text":"of","start":46.23,"end":46.47},{"text":"Algeria,","start":46.47,"end":47.11},{"text":"Angola,","start":47.67,"end":48.31},{"text":"Argentina,","start":48.71,"end":49.59},{"text":"Armenia,","start":50.15,"end":50.87},{"text":"Australia,","start":51.03,"end":51.75},{"text":"Austria,","start":52.23,"end":52.95},{"text":"Azerbaijan,","start":53.27,"end":54.15},{"text":"Brazil,","start":54.67,"end":55.35},{"text":"Brunei","start":55.91,"end":56.31},{"text":"Darussalam,","start":56.31,"end":57.19},{"text":"Cambodia,","start":57.67,"end":58.39},{"text":"Canada,","start":59.51,"end":60.15},{"text":"Chile,","start":60.39,"end":60.95},{"text":"Costa","start":61.27,"end":61.63},{"text":"Rica,","start":61.63,"end":62.15},{"text":"Cuba,","start":62.47,"end":63.03},{"text":"Democratic","start":63.63,"end":64.27},{"text":"People's","start":64.27,"end":64.71},{"text":"Republic","start":64.71,"end":65.15},{"text":"of","start":65.15,"end":65.27},{"text":"Korea,","start":65.27,"end":65.75},{"text":"Djibouti,","start":66.31,"end":67.03},{"text":"Egypt,","start":67.67,"end":68.23},{"text":"Eritrea,","start":68.63,"end":69.35},{"text":"Estonia,","start":69.75,"end":70.47},{"text":"Ethiopia,","start":70.87,"end":71.67},{"text":"Finland,","start":72.23,"end":72.87},{"text":"Germany,","start":73.35,"end":73.99},{"text":"India,","start":74.47,"end":75.03},{"text":"Indonesia,","start":75.43,"end":76.31},{"text":"the","start":76.71,"end":76.83},{"text":"Islamic","start":76.83,"end":77.27},{"text":"Republic","start":77.27,"end":77.71},{"text":"of","start":77.71,"end":77.83},{"text":"Iran,","start":77.83,"end":78.39},{"text":"Israel,","start":78.87,"end":79.67},{"text":"Italy,","start":80.07,"end":80.63},{"text":"Japan,","start":81.03,"end":81.75},{"text":"Kazakhstan,","start":82.07,"end":82.95},{"text":"Kenya,","start":83.27,"end":83.83},{"text":"Kyrgyzstan,","start":84.23,"end":85.03},{"text":"Lebanon,","start":85.79,"end":86.51},{"text":"Liechtenstein,","start":86.75,"end":87.71},{"text":"Lithuania,","start":88.07,"end":88.75},{"text":"Malaysia,","start":89.23,"end":89.95},{"text":"Maldives,","start":90.43,"end":91.23},{"text":"Mexico,","start":91.63,"end":92.43},{"text":"Morocco,","start":92.75,"end":93.55},{"text":"Mozambique,","start":93.79,"end":94.59},{"text":"Myanmar,","start":94.91,"end":95.71},{"text":"Namibia,","start":96.03,"end":96.75},{"text":"Nepal,","start":96.99,"end":97.71},{"text":"the","start":98.03,"end":98.15},{"text":"Kingdom","start":98.15,"end":98.59},{"text":"of","start":98.59,"end":98.71},{"text":"the","start":98.71,"end":98.79},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":98.79,"end":99.47},{"text":"Niger,","start":99.87,"end":100.51},{"text":"New","start":101.31,"end":101.55},{"text":"Zealand,","start":101.55,"end":102.07},{"text":"Paraguay,","start":102.67,"end":103.39},{"text":"the","start":103.71,"end":103.79},{"text":"Philippines,","start":103.79,"end":104.67},{"text":"Poland,","start":104.91,"end":105.47},{"text":"Portugal,","start":105.79,"end":106.43},{"text":"Qatar,","start":106.87,"end":107.31},{"text":"Republic","start":107.71,"end":108.19},{"text":"of","start":108.19,"end":108.35},{"text":"Korea,","start":108.35,"end":108.83},{"text":"Romania,","start":109.43,"end":110.07},{"text":"Rwanda,","start":110.55,"end":111.19},{"text":"Kingdom","start":111.59,"end":111.99},{"text":"of","start":111.99,"end":112.11},{"text":"Saudi","start":112.11,"end":112.43},{"text":"Arabia,","start":112.43,"end":112.95},{"text":"Sierra","start":113.27,"end":113.59},{"text":"Leone,","start":113.59,"end":114.11},{"text":"Slovenia,","start":114.47,"end":115.27},{"text":"South","start":115.59,"end":115.87},{"text":"Africa,","start":115.91,"end":116.47},{"text":"Spain,","start":116.87,"end":117.51},{"text":"Switzerland,","start":117.75,"end":118.63},{"text":"Thailand,","start":118.87,"end":119.59},{"text":"Timor-Leste,","start":119.91,"end":120.75},{"text":"Tunisia,","start":121.27,"end":121.99},{"text":"Turkey,","start":122.31,"end":122.87},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":123.35,"end":124.07},{"text":"United","start":124.47,"end":124.99},{"text":"Arab","start":124.99,"end":125.19},{"text":"Emirates,","start":125.19,"end":125.91},{"text":"the","start":126.23,"end":126.39},{"text":"Bolivarian","start":126.39,"end":127.11},{"text":"Republic","start":127.43,"end":127.99},{"text":"of","start":127.99,"end":128.11},{"text":"Venezuela,","start":128.11,"end":128.71},{"text":"and","start":129.19,"end":129.31},{"text":"Vietnam","start":129.31,"end":129.83},{"text":"to","start":129.83,"end":130.03},{"text":"participate","start":130.03,"end":130.79},{"text":"in","start":130.79,"end":130.87},{"text":"this","start":130.87,"end":131.03},{"text":"meeting.","start":131.03,"end":131.51}]},{"text":"In accordance with rule 39 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following briefers.","start":135.83,"end":142.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":135.83,"end":135.95},{"text":"accordance","start":135.95,"end":136.71},{"text":"with","start":136.71,"end":136.95},{"text":"rule","start":136.95,"end":137.23},{"text":"39","start":137.23,"end":137.83},{"text":"of","start":137.83,"end":137.95},{"text":"the","start":137.95,"end":138.07},{"text":"Council's","start":138.07,"end":138.55},{"text":"provisional","start":138.55,"end":139.19},{"text":"rules","start":139.19,"end":139.51},{"text":"of","start":139.51,"end":139.59},{"text":"procedure,","start":139.59,"end":140.31},{"text":"I","start":140.87,"end":141.11},{"text":"invite","start":141.11,"end":141.59},{"text":"the","start":141.75,"end":141.83},{"text":"following","start":141.83,"end":142.27},{"text":"briefers.","start":142.39,"end":142.87}]},{"text":"His Excellency to participate in this meeting, His Excellency Mr. Mahmoud Ali Yusuf, the Chairperson of African Union Commission, and Judge Abdul Ghawi Yusuf, founding president of the African Institute of International Law, is so decided.","start":144.51,"end":164.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"His","start":144.51,"end":144.71},{"text":"Excellency","start":144.79,"end":145.47},{"text":"to","start":147.51,"end":147.59},{"text":"participate","start":147.59,"end":148.23},{"text":"in","start":148.23,"end":148.35},{"text":"this","start":148.35,"end":148.55},{"text":"meeting,","start":148.55,"end":149.03},{"text":"His","start":151.35,"end":151.59},{"text":"Excellency","start":151.59,"end":152.15},{"text":"Mr.","start":152.15,"end":152.43},{"text":"Mahmoud","start":152.43,"end":152.87},{"text":"Ali","start":152.87,"end":153.11},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":153.11,"end":153.59},{"text":"the","start":153.59,"end":153.71},{"text":"Chairperson","start":153.71,"end":154.27},{"text":"of","start":154.27,"end":154.35},{"text":"African","start":154.35,"end":154.71},{"text":"Union","start":154.71,"end":155.03},{"text":"Commission,","start":155.03,"end":155.59},{"text":"and","start":156.15,"end":156.35},{"text":"Judge","start":156.35,"end":156.71},{"text":"Abdul","start":157.03,"end":157.35},{"text":"Ghawi","start":157.35,"end":157.67},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":157.67,"end":158.23},{"text":"founding","start":158.31,"end":158.79},{"text":"president","start":158.79,"end":159.43},{"text":"of","start":159.67,"end":159.83},{"text":"the","start":159.83,"end":159.95},{"text":"African","start":159.95,"end":160.31},{"text":"Institute","start":160.31,"end":160.95},{"text":"of","start":161.19,"end":161.35},{"text":"International","start":161.35,"end":162.23},{"text":"Law,","start":162.23,"end":162.31},{"text":"is","start":163.75,"end":163.87},{"text":"so","start":163.87,"end":164.15},{"text":"decided.","start":164.15,"end":164.71}]},{"text":"In accordance with Rule 39 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure, I also invite His Excellency Mr. Stavros Lambrinidis, Head of the Delegation of European Union to the United Nations, to participate in this meeting.","start":168.59,"end":184.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":168.59,"end":168.71},{"text":"accordance","start":168.71,"end":169.43},{"text":"with","start":169.51,"end":169.75},{"text":"Rule","start":169.75,"end":169.91},{"text":"39","start":169.91,"end":170.63},{"text":"of","start":171.43,"end":171.55},{"text":"the","start":171.55,"end":171.67},{"text":"Council's","start":171.67,"end":172.15},{"text":"provisional","start":172.15,"end":172.71},{"text":"rules","start":172.71,"end":173.03},{"text":"of","start":173.03,"end":173.11},{"text":"procedure,","start":173.11,"end":173.75},{"text":"I","start":174.15,"end":174.23},{"text":"also","start":174.23,"end":174.55},{"text":"invite","start":174.55,"end":175.11},{"text":"His","start":175.35,"end":175.59},{"text":"Excellency","start":175.59,"end":176.19},{"text":"Mr.","start":176.19,"end":176.51},{"text":"Stavros","start":176.51,"end":177.27},{"text":"Lambrinidis,","start":177.59,"end":178.63},{"text":"Head","start":178.87,"end":179.19},{"text":"of","start":179.19,"end":179.43},{"text":"the","start":179.43,"end":179.51},{"text":"Delegation","start":179.51,"end":180.15},{"text":"of","start":180.15,"end":180.27},{"text":"European","start":180.27,"end":180.71},{"text":"Union","start":180.71,"end":181.19},{"text":"to","start":181.51,"end":181.59},{"text":"the","start":181.59,"end":181.71},{"text":"United","start":181.71,"end":182.03},{"text":"Nations,","start":182.03,"end":182.63},{"text":"to","start":182.87,"end":182.99},{"text":"participate","start":182.99,"end":183.75},{"text":"in","start":183.75,"end":183.91},{"text":"this","start":183.91,"end":184.07},{"text":"meeting.","start":184.07,"end":184.51}]},{"text":"It's so decided.","start":185.47,"end":186.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":185.47,"end":185.79},{"text":"so","start":185.79,"end":185.91},{"text":"decided.","start":185.91,"end":186.63}]},{"text":"Security Council will now begin its consideration of item two of the agenda.","start":189.91,"end":195.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Security","start":189.91,"end":190.39},{"text":"Council","start":190.39,"end":191.03},{"text":"will","start":191.19,"end":191.39},{"text":"now","start":191.39,"end":191.67},{"text":"begin","start":191.67,"end":192.23},{"text":"its","start":192.23,"end":192.47},{"text":"consideration","start":192.47,"end":193.35},{"text":"of","start":193.67,"end":193.91},{"text":"item","start":193.91,"end":194.31},{"text":"two","start":194.31,"end":194.63},{"text":"of","start":194.71,"end":194.87},{"text":"the","start":194.87,"end":194.99},{"text":"agenda.","start":194.99,"end":195.43}]},{"text":"I wish to draw your attention of the Council members of the Council members to the document S slash 2026 slash 28, a letter dated 13 January 2026, from the Permanent Representative of Somalia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General transmitting a concept paper on the item under 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warmly welcome the Secretary-General, His Excellency Mr. Antonio Guterres, and give him the floor.","start":222.55,"end":229.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":222.55,"end":222.71},{"text":"warmly","start":223.27,"end":223.79},{"text":"welcome","start":223.79,"end":224.31},{"text":"the","start":224.55,"end":224.67},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":224.67,"end":225.51},{"text":"His","start":225.51,"end":225.75},{"text":"Excellency","start":225.75,"end":226.35},{"text":"Mr.","start":226.55,"end":226.87},{"text":"Antonio","start":226.87,"end":227.27},{"text":"Guterres,","start":227.27,"end":227.99},{"text":"and","start":228.55,"end":228.71},{"text":"give","start":228.71,"end":228.95},{"text":"him","start":228.95,"end":229.11},{"text":"the","start":229.11,"end":229.19},{"text":"floor.","start":229.19,"end":229.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the 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Council.","start":233.99,"end":242.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":233.99,"end":234.23},{"text":"President,","start":234.23,"end":235.03},{"text":"distinguished","start":235.11,"end":235.75},{"text":"members","start":235.75,"end":236.19},{"text":"of","start":236.19,"end":236.27},{"text":"the","start":236.27,"end":236.39},{"text":"Security","start":236.39,"end":236.79},{"text":"Council,","start":236.79,"end":237.35},{"text":"I","start":238.43,"end":238.59},{"text":"congratulate","start":238.59,"end":239.15},{"text":"Somalia","start":239.15,"end":240.03},{"text":"on","start":240.19,"end":240.35},{"text":"its","start":240.35,"end":240.59},{"text":"presidency","start":240.59,"end":241.31},{"text":"of","start":241.31,"end":241.39},{"text":"the","start":241.39,"end":241.55},{"text":"Council.","start":241.55,"end":242.11}]},{"text":"And I also welcome my fellow briefers, His Excellency, Mahmoud Ali Yusuf, Chair of the African Union Commission, and Judge Abdul Cawi Yusuf, former 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":385.31,"end":385.55},{"text":"2024,","start":385.83,"end":386.59},{"text":"Member","start":387.31,"end":387.71},{"text":"States","start":387.71,"end":387.95},{"text":"adopted","start":387.95,"end":388.47},{"text":"the","start":388.47,"end":388.59},{"text":"Pact","start":388.59,"end":388.87},{"text":"for","start":388.87,"end":388.99},{"text":"the","start":388.99,"end":389.11},{"text":"Future,","start":389.15,"end":389.79},{"text":"which","start":390.27,"end":390.51},{"text":"included","start":390.51,"end":391.03},{"text":"a","start":391.03,"end":391.07},{"text":"commitment","start":391.07,"end":391.75},{"text":"to","start":391.75,"end":391.83},{"text":"act","start":391.83,"end":392.03},{"text":"in","start":392.03,"end":392.11},{"text":"accordance","start":392.11,"end":392.75},{"text":"with","start":392.75,"end":392.91},{"text":"international","start":392.91,"end":393.83},{"text":"law","start":393.83,"end":393.91},{"text":"and","start":394.51,"end":394.67},{"text":"fulfil","start":394.67,"end":395.19},{"text":"obligations","start":395.19,"end":396.11},{"text":"in","start":396.19,"end":396.43},{"text":"good","start":396.43,"end":396.63},{"text":"faith.","start":396.63,"end":396.95}]},{"text":"But words are not being matched with action.","start":398.59,"end":401.79,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":398.59,"end":398.83},{"text":"words","start":398.83,"end":399.39},{"text":"are","start":399.47,"end":399.55},{"text":"not","start":399.55,"end":399.79},{"text":"being","start":399.79,"end":400.03},{"text":"matched","start":400.03,"end":400.51},{"text":"with","start":400.99,"end":401.23},{"text":"action.","start":401.23,"end":401.79}]},{"text":"Around the world, the rule of law is replaced by the law of the jungle.","start":402.83,"end":407.31,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Around","start":402.83,"end":403.19},{"text":"the","start":403.19,"end":403.27},{"text":"world,","start":403.27,"end":403.63},{"text":"the","start":404.11,"end":404.31},{"text":"rule","start":404.31,"end":404.47},{"text":"of","start":404.47,"end":404.59},{"text":"law","start":404.59,"end":404.75},{"text":"is","start":404.75,"end":404.95},{"text":"replaced","start":404.95,"end":405.75},{"text":"by","start":405.75,"end":405.91},{"text":"the","start":405.91,"end":406.03},{"text":"law","start":406.03,"end":406.55},{"text":"of","start":406.55,"end":406.67},{"text":"the","start":406.67,"end":406.75},{"text":"jungle.","start":406.75,"end":407.31}]},{"text":"We see flagrant violations of international law and brazen disregard for the UN charter.","start":408.55,"end":416.47,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"From","start":417.99,"end":418.23},{"text":"Gaza","start":418.23,"end":418.71},{"text":"to","start":418.71,"end":418.79},{"text":"Ukraine","start":418.79,"end":419.39},{"text":"and","start":419.39,"end":419.67},{"text":"around","start":419.67,"end":419.99},{"text":"the","start":419.99,"end":420.07},{"text":"world,","start":420.07,"end":420.51},{"text":"the","start":421.11,"end":421.31},{"text":"rule","start":421.31,"end":421.47},{"text":"of","start":421.47,"end":421.59},{"text":"law","start":421.59,"end":421.75},{"text":"is","start":421.75,"end":421.91},{"text":"being","start":421.91,"end":422.23},{"text":"treated","start":422.23,"end":422.67},{"text":"as","start":422.67,"end":423.15},{"text":"an","start":423.15,"end":423.31},{"text":"a","start":423.31,"end":423.35},{"text":"la","start":423.35,"end":423.51},{"text":"carte","start":423.51,"end":423.99},{"text":"menu.","start":423.99,"end":424.55}]},{"text":"We see states flouting the rule of law with impunity through the illegal use of force, the targeting of civilian infrastructure, human rights violations and abuses, the illegal development of nuclear weapons, unconstitutional changes of government, and denial of lifesaving humanitarian aid.","start":425.75,"end":446.99,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Peace","start":491.71,"end":491.95},{"text":"firmly","start":491.95,"end":492.43},{"text":"anchored","start":492.43,"end":492.83},{"text":"in","start":492.83,"end":492.99},{"text":"international","start":492.99,"end":494.03},{"text":"law,","start":494.03,"end":494.11},{"text":"and","start":494.91,"end":495.19},{"text":"peace","start":495.19,"end":495.39},{"text":"that","start":495.39,"end":495.63},{"text":"endures","start":495.63,"end":496.35},{"text":"because","start":496.35,"end":496.67},{"text":"it","start":496.67,"end":496.79},{"text":"tackles","start":496.83,"end":497.23},{"text":"the","start":497.23,"end":497.31},{"text":"root","start":497.31,"end":497.55},{"text":"causes","start":497.55,"end":497.95},{"text":"of","start":497.95,"end":498.03},{"text":"conflict,","start":498.03,"end":498.51},{"text":"not","start":499.07,"end":499.31},{"text":"just","start":499.31,"end":499.51},{"text":"the","start":499.51,"end":499.59},{"text":"symptoms.","start":499.59,"end":500.43}]},{"text":"Too many crises today persist in limbo, fragile ceasefires, stalled processes, or agreements that evaporate the moment the ink dries.","start":501.63,"end":512.27,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":513.39,"end":513.47},{"text":"rule","start":513.47,"end":513.63},{"text":"of","start":513.63,"end":513.71},{"text":"law","start":513.71,"end":513.95},{"text":"is","start":513.95,"end":514.03},{"text":"also","start":514.03,"end":514.27},{"text":"foundational","start":514.27,"end":515.15},{"text":"to","start":515.71,"end":516.03},{"text":"our","start":516.03,"end":516.15},{"text":"work","start":516.15,"end":516.59},{"text":"here","start":516.67,"end":517.07},{"text":"in","start":517.07,"end":517.23},{"text":"this","start":517.23,"end":517.39},{"text":"chamber.","start":517.39,"end":518.03}]},{"text":"In an era crowded with initiatives, the United Nations Security Council stands alone in its charter mandate authority to act on behalf of all member states on questions of peace and security.","start":519.51,"end":533.27,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."},{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":519.51,"end":519.83},{"text":"an","start":519.83,"end":519.91},{"text":"era","start":519.91,"end":520.15},{"text":"crowded","start":520.15,"end":520.79},{"text":"with","start":520.95,"end":521.55},{"text":"initiatives,","start":522.15,"end":523.11},{"text":"the","start":523.63,"end":523.71},{"text":"United","start":523.71,"end":524.11},{"text":"Nations","start":524.11,"end":524.51},{"text":"Security","start":524.51,"end":524.95},{"text":"Council","start":524.95,"end":525.31},{"text":"stands","start":525.31,"end":525.67},{"text":"alone","start":525.67,"end":526.23},{"text":"in","start":526.63,"end":526.79},{"text":"its","start":526.79,"end":527.03},{"text":"charter","start":527.03,"end":527.51},{"text":"mandate","start":527.51,"end":527.91},{"text":"authority","start":527.91,"end":528.79},{"text":"to","start":529.19,"end":529.35},{"text":"act","start":529.35,"end":529.55},{"text":"on","start":529.55,"end":529.75},{"text":"behalf","start":529.75,"end":529.95},{"text":"of","start":529.95,"end":530.23},{"text":"all","start":530.23,"end":530.31},{"text":"member","start":530.31,"end":530.71},{"text":"states","start":530.71,"end":531.35},{"text":"on","start":531.43,"end":531.59},{"text":"questions","start":531.59,"end":532.11},{"text":"of","start":532.11,"end":532.19},{"text":"peace","start":532.19,"end":532.39},{"text":"and","start":532.39,"end":532.55},{"text":"security.","start":532.55,"end":533.27}]},{"text":"The Security Council alone adopts decisions binding on all.","start":534.39,"end":538.71,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":534.39,"end":534.55},{"text":"Security","start":534.55,"end":534.99},{"text":"Council","start":534.99,"end":535.35},{"text":"alone","start":535.35,"end":535.99},{"text":"adopts","start":536.55,"end":536.95},{"text":"decisions","start":537.03,"end":537.75},{"text":"binding","start":537.75,"end":538.15},{"text":"on","start":538.15,"end":538.39},{"text":"all.","start":538.39,"end":538.71}]},{"text":"No other body or ad hoc coalition can legally require all member states to comply with decisions on peace and security.","start":539.83,"end":547.75,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":539.83,"end":540.11},{"text":"other","start":540.11,"end":540.39},{"text":"body","start":540.39,"end":540.95},{"text":"or","start":540.95,"end":541.19},{"text":"ad","start":541.19,"end":541.35},{"text":"hoc","start":541.35,"end":541.55},{"text":"coalition","start":541.55,"end":542.11},{"text":"can","start":542.11,"end":542.31},{"text":"legally","start":542.31,"end":542.83},{"text":"require","start":542.83,"end":543.27},{"text":"all","start":543.27,"end":543.43},{"text":"member","start":543.43,"end":543.71},{"text":"states","start":543.71,"end":544.07},{"text":"to","start":544.07,"end":544.15},{"text":"comply","start":544.15,"end":544.87},{"text":"with","start":545.11,"end":545.39},{"text":"decisions","start":545.39,"end":546.15},{"text":"on","start":546.15,"end":546.31},{"text":"peace","start":546.31,"end":546.83},{"text":"and","start":546.83,"end":546.95},{"text":"security.","start":546.95,"end":547.75}]},{"text":"Only the Security Council can authorise the use of force under international law as set out in the Charter.","start":548.79,"end":555.47,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Only","start":548.79,"end":549.07},{"text":"the","start":549.07,"end":549.15},{"text":"Security","start":549.15,"end":549.51},{"text":"Council","start":549.51,"end":549.87},{"text":"can","start":549.87,"end":550.07},{"text":"authorise","start":550.07,"end":550.71},{"text":"the","start":550.71,"end":550.79},{"text":"use","start":550.79,"end":550.99},{"text":"of","start":550.99,"end":551.11},{"text":"force","start":551.11,"end":551.67},{"text":"under","start":552.03,"end":552.27},{"text":"international","start":552.27,"end":553.27},{"text":"law","start":553.83,"end":553.91},{"text":"as","start":553.91,"end":553.99},{"text":"set","start":553.99,"end":554.31},{"text":"out","start":554.31,"end":554.55},{"text":"in","start":554.71,"end":554.83},{"text":"the","start":554.83,"end":554.95},{"text":"Charter.","start":554.95,"end":555.47}]},{"text":"Its responsibility is singular, its obligation is universal.","start":556.47,"end":560.95,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":556.47,"end":556.67},{"text":"responsibility","start":556.71,"end":557.55},{"text":"is","start":557.55,"end":557.63},{"text":"singular,","start":557.63,"end":558.31},{"text":"its","start":558.83,"end":559.03},{"text":"obligation","start":559.03,"end":559.83},{"text":"is","start":559.99,"end":560.19},{"text":"universal.","start":560.19,"end":560.95}]},{"text":"And that is why reform is essential.","start":561.91,"end":563.83,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":561.91,"end":562.07},{"text":"that","start":562.07,"end":562.23},{"text":"is","start":562.23,"end":562.39},{"text":"why","start":562.39,"end":562.55},{"text":"reform","start":562.55,"end":563.03},{"text":"is","start":563.03,"end":563.19},{"text":"essential.","start":563.19,"end":563.83}]},{"text":"That is why we must act without delay to enhance the representation and effectiveness of this Council, to safeguard, sorry, looking ahead on questions of the rule of law, I see three areas where Member States and this Council can take action.","start":564.55,"end":581.75,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":564.55,"end":564.79},{"text":"is","start":564.79,"end":564.95},{"text":"why","start":564.95,"end":565.03},{"text":"we","start":565.03,"end":565.19},{"text":"must","start":565.19,"end":565.43},{"text":"act","start":565.43,"end":565.67},{"text":"without","start":565.67,"end":565.95},{"text":"delay","start":565.99,"end":566.39},{"text":"to","start":566.39,"end":566.51},{"text":"enhance","start":566.51,"end":566.87},{"text":"the","start":566.87,"end":566.99},{"text":"representation","start":566.99,"end":567.95},{"text":"and","start":567.95,"end":568.07},{"text":"effectiveness","start":568.11,"end":568.95},{"text":"of","start":569.07,"end":569.19},{"text":"this","start":569.19,"end":569.35},{"text":"Council,","start":569.35,"end":569.79},{"text":"to","start":569.83,"end":569.91},{"text":"safeguard,","start":571.11,"end":571.83},{"text":"sorry,","start":573.19,"end":573.59},{"text":"looking","start":574.47,"end":574.79},{"text":"ahead","start":574.79,"end":575.19},{"text":"on","start":575.59,"end":575.79},{"text":"questions","start":575.79,"end":576.31},{"text":"of","start":576.31,"end":576.39},{"text":"the","start":576.39,"end":576.51},{"text":"rule","start":576.51,"end":576.67},{"text":"of","start":576.67,"end":576.75},{"text":"law,","start":576.75,"end":577.19},{"text":"I","start":577.83,"end":577.99},{"text":"see","start":577.99,"end":578.23},{"text":"three","start":578.23,"end":578.55},{"text":"areas","start":578.55,"end":579.03},{"text":"where","start":579.03,"end":579.27},{"text":"Member","start":579.27,"end":579.55},{"text":"States","start":579.55,"end":579.91},{"text":"and","start":579.91,"end":580.03},{"text":"this","start":580.03,"end":580.23},{"text":"Council","start":580.23,"end":580.71},{"text":"can","start":580.71,"end":580.95},{"text":"take","start":580.95,"end":581.19},{"text":"action.","start":581.19,"end":581.75}]},{"text":"First, countries must keep their promises.","start":582.95,"end":585.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":582.95,"end":583.43},{"text":"countries","start":583.43,"end":583.83},{"text":"must","start":583.83,"end":584.15},{"text":"keep","start":584.15,"end":584.31},{"text":"their","start":584.31,"end":584.47},{"text":"promises.","start":584.47,"end":585.43}]},{"text":"The purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter are not optional.","start":586.23,"end":590.07,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":586.23,"end":586.35},{"text":"purposes","start":586.39,"end":586.99},{"text":"and","start":586.99,"end":587.11},{"text":"principles","start":587.11,"end":587.79},{"text":"of","start":587.79,"end":587.87},{"text":"the","start":587.87,"end":587.95},{"text":"United","start":587.95,"end":588.27},{"text":"Nations","start":588.27,"end":588.63},{"text":"Charter","start":588.63,"end":589.03},{"text":"are","start":589.03,"end":589.11},{"text":"not","start":589.11,"end":589.35},{"text":"optional.","start":589.35,"end":590.07}]},{"text":"All countries have an obligation to uphold them, to settle disputes peacefully, in a world crowded with sorry, to safeguard the human rights and dignity of all people, to act in conformity with international law, and to adhere to the letter and the spirit of the principles of self determination of peoples and the sovereign equality of Member States.","start":591.03,"end":615.51,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":591.03,"end":591.19},{"text":"countries","start":591.19,"end":591.63},{"text":"have","start":591.63,"end":591.75},{"text":"an","start":591.79,"end":591.87},{"text":"obligation","start":591.87,"end":592.47},{"text":"to","start":592.47,"end":592.59},{"text":"uphold","start":592.59,"end":592.99},{"text":"them,","start":592.99,"end":593.35},{"text":"to","start":593.63,"end":593.75},{"text":"settle","start":593.75,"end":594.11},{"text":"disputes","start":594.11,"end":594.63},{"text":"peacefully,","start":594.63,"end":595.27},{"text":"in","start":596.63,"end":596.95},{"text":"a","start":596.95,"end":596.99},{"text":"world","start":596.99,"end":597.19},{"text":"crowded","start":597.19,"end":597.67},{"text":"with","start":597.67,"end":598.11},{"text":"sorry,","start":599.95,"end":600.19},{"text":"to","start":600.19,"end":600.27},{"text":"safeguard","start":601.43,"end":602.31},{"text":"the","start":602.31,"end":602.39},{"text":"human","start":602.39,"end":602.71},{"text":"rights","start":602.71,"end":603.15},{"text":"and","start":603.15,"end":603.31},{"text":"dignity","start":603.31,"end":603.75},{"text":"of","start":603.75,"end":603.83},{"text":"all","start":603.83,"end":603.99},{"text":"people,","start":603.99,"end":604.47},{"text":"to","start":604.47,"end":604.55},{"text":"act","start":605.19,"end":605.43},{"text":"in","start":605.43,"end":605.59},{"text":"conformity","start":605.59,"end":606.31},{"text":"with","start":606.31,"end":606.47},{"text":"international","start":606.47,"end":607.39},{"text":"law,","start":607.39,"end":607.47},{"text":"and","start":608.15,"end":608.39},{"text":"to","start":608.39,"end":608.51},{"text":"adhere","start":608.51,"end":608.83},{"text":"to","start":608.83,"end":608.95},{"text":"the","start":608.95,"end":609.07},{"text":"letter","start":609.07,"end":609.51},{"text":"and","start":609.51,"end":609.63},{"text":"the","start":609.63,"end":609.71},{"text":"spirit","start":609.71,"end":610.15},{"text":"of","start":610.15,"end":610.23},{"text":"the","start":610.23,"end":610.39},{"text":"principles","start":610.39,"end":610.99},{"text":"of","start":610.99,"end":611.11},{"text":"self","start":611.11,"end":611.31},{"text":"determination","start":611.31,"end":612.07},{"text":"of","start":612.07,"end":612.15},{"text":"peoples","start":612.15,"end":612.79},{"text":"and","start":613.15,"end":613.27},{"text":"the","start":613.27,"end":613.35},{"text":"sovereign","start":613.35,"end":613.83},{"text":"equality","start":613.83,"end":614.43},{"text":"of","start":614.43,"end":614.55},{"text":"Member","start":614.55,"end":614.87},{"text":"States.","start":614.87,"end":615.51}]},{"text":"Our collective security system requires trust, and the best way to reinforce trust is for all countries to meet their commitments under international law.","start":616.63,"end":626.03,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":616.63,"end":616.79},{"text":"collective","start":616.79,"end":617.31},{"text":"security","start":617.31,"end":617.75},{"text":"system","start":617.75,"end":618.31},{"text":"requires","start":618.63,"end":619.27},{"text":"trust,","start":619.27,"end":619.83},{"text":"and","start":620.99,"end":621.15},{"text":"the","start":621.15,"end":621.23},{"text":"best","start":621.23,"end":621.51},{"text":"way","start":621.51,"end":621.59},{"text":"to","start":621.63,"end":621.71},{"text":"reinforce","start":621.71,"end":622.27},{"text":"trust","start":622.27,"end":622.71},{"text":"is","start":622.71,"end":622.79},{"text":"for","start":622.79,"end":622.95},{"text":"all","start":622.95,"end":623.11},{"text":"countries","start":623.11,"end":623.51},{"text":"to","start":623.51,"end":623.67},{"text":"meet","start":623.67,"end":623.87},{"text":"their","start":623.87,"end":624.07},{"text":"commitments","start":624.07,"end":624.87},{"text":"under","start":624.87,"end":625.07},{"text":"international","start":625.07,"end":625.95},{"text":"law.","start":625.95,"end":626.03}]},{"text":"Second, I urge Member States to make full use of the dispute settlement mechanisms spelled out in the Charter to prevent conflicts from starting in the first place.","start":627.27,"end":637.43,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":638.59,"end":638.75},{"text":"this","start":638.75,"end":638.91},{"text":"Council","start":638.91,"end":639.39},{"text":"knows,","start":639.39,"end":639.95},{"text":"the","start":639.95,"end":640.11},{"text":"best","start":640.11,"end":640.43},{"text":"and","start":640.43,"end":640.59},{"text":"often","start":640.59,"end":640.99},{"text":"only","start":640.99,"end":641.39},{"text":"pathway","start":641.39,"end":641.87},{"text":"to","start":641.87,"end":641.99},{"text":"peace","start":642.03,"end":642.51},{"text":"depends","start":643.11,"end":643.55},{"text":"on","start":643.55,"end":643.63},{"text":"the","start":643.63,"end":643.79},{"text":"hard","start":643.79,"end":644.11},{"text":"work","start":644.11,"end":644.39},{"text":"of","start":644.39,"end":644.51},{"text":"negotiation,","start":644.51,"end":645.39},{"text":"inquiry,","start":645.39,"end":646.23},{"text":"mediation,","start":646.23,"end":646.83},{"text":"conciliation,","start":646.83,"end":647.79},{"text":"arbitration,","start":648.11,"end":648.99},{"text":"and","start":649.39,"end":649.63},{"text":"other","start":649.63,"end":649.87},{"text":"means","start":649.87,"end":650.23},{"text":"set","start":650.23,"end":650.51},{"text":"out","start":650.51,"end":650.71},{"text":"in","start":650.75,"end":650.95},{"text":"Article","start":650.95,"end":651.55},{"text":"33","start":651.55,"end":652.11},{"text":"of","start":652.39,"end":652.51},{"text":"the","start":652.51,"end":652.67},{"text":"Charter.","start":652.67,"end":653.31}]},{"text":"Preventing conflicts also means building strong partnerships with regional organizations in accordance with Chapter 8 of the Charter.","start":654.55,"end":662.43,"topics":[{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"Preventing","start":654.55,"end":655.07},{"text":"conflicts","start":655.07,"end":655.71},{"text":"also","start":655.79,"end":656.11},{"text":"means","start":656.11,"end":656.39},{"text":"building","start":656.39,"end":656.75},{"text":"strong","start":656.75,"end":657.07},{"text":"partnerships","start":657.07,"end":657.87},{"text":"with","start":657.87,"end":658.03},{"text":"regional","start":658.03,"end":658.31},{"text":"organizations","start":658.31,"end":659.39},{"text":"in","start":659.79,"end":659.95},{"text":"accordance","start":659.95,"end":660.59},{"text":"with","start":660.59,"end":660.71},{"text":"Chapter","start":660.71,"end":661.15},{"text":"8","start":661.15,"end":661.39},{"text":"of","start":661.71,"end":661.79},{"text":"the","start":661.79,"end":661.87},{"text":"Charter.","start":661.87,"end":662.43}]},{"text":"Security Council Resolution 2719 set a good example.","start":663.71,"end":667.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Security","start":663.71,"end":664.15},{"text":"Council","start":664.15,"end":664.39},{"text":"Resolution","start":664.39,"end":664.91},{"text":"2719","start":664.91,"end":666.11},{"text":"set","start":666.11,"end":666.31},{"text":"a","start":666.31,"end":666.35},{"text":"good","start":666.35,"end":666.51},{"text":"example.","start":666.51,"end":667.23}]},{"text":"by establishing a framework for predictable financing of African Union led peace support operations authorized by the Security Council through assessed contributions.","start":667.91,"end":679.19,"topics":[{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"by","start":667.91,"end":668.07},{"text":"establishing","start":668.07,"end":668.67},{"text":"a","start":668.67,"end":668.71},{"text":"framework","start":668.71,"end":669.39},{"text":"for","start":669.39,"end":669.59},{"text":"predictable","start":669.59,"end":670.31},{"text":"financing","start":670.31,"end":670.95},{"text":"of","start":670.95,"end":671.15},{"text":"African","start":671.15,"end":671.51},{"text":"Union","start":671.51,"end":672.31},{"text":"led","start":673.11,"end":673.39},{"text":"peace","start":673.43,"end":673.79},{"text":"support","start":673.79,"end":674.23},{"text":"operations","start":674.27,"end":675.03},{"text":"authorized","start":675.35,"end":675.99},{"text":"by","start":675.99,"end":676.15},{"text":"the","start":676.15,"end":676.27},{"text":"Security","start":676.27,"end":676.71},{"text":"Council","start":676.71,"end":677.27},{"text":"through","start":677.63,"end":677.75},{"text":"assessed","start":677.75,"end":678.15},{"text":"contributions.","start":678.15,"end":679.19}]},{"text":"And as the Pact for the Future, my new vision for the rule of law and the new agenda for peace remind us, preventing conflicts also means investing in development and institutions that people can trust.","start":680.07,"end":693.11,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":680.07,"end":680.31},{"text":"as","start":680.31,"end":680.47},{"text":"the","start":680.47,"end":680.55},{"text":"Pact","start":680.55,"end":680.95},{"text":"for","start":680.95,"end":681.07},{"text":"the","start":681.07,"end":681.15},{"text":"Future,","start":681.19,"end":681.83},{"text":"my","start":682.31,"end":682.47},{"text":"new","start":682.47,"end":682.71},{"text":"vision","start":682.71,"end":683.03},{"text":"for","start":683.03,"end":683.19},{"text":"the","start":683.19,"end":683.27},{"text":"rule","start":683.27,"end":683.47},{"text":"of","start":683.47,"end":683.59},{"text":"law","start":683.59,"end":684.07},{"text":"and","start":684.11,"end":684.23},{"text":"the","start":684.23,"end":684.35},{"text":"new","start":684.35,"end":684.51},{"text":"agenda","start":684.51,"end":684.87},{"text":"for","start":684.87,"end":684.99},{"text":"peace","start":685.03,"end":685.43},{"text":"remind","start":685.43,"end":685.91},{"text":"us,","start":685.91,"end":686.23},{"text":"preventing","start":686.83,"end":687.35},{"text":"conflicts","start":687.35,"end":687.99},{"text":"also","start":687.99,"end":688.31},{"text":"means","start":688.31,"end":688.79},{"text":"investing","start":688.79,"end":689.51},{"text":"in","start":689.51,"end":689.67},{"text":"development","start":689.67,"end":690.31},{"text":"and","start":690.31,"end":690.47},{"text":"institutions","start":690.47,"end":691.27},{"text":"that","start":691.51,"end":691.83},{"text":"people","start":691.83,"end":692.39},{"text":"can","start":692.39,"end":692.71},{"text":"trust.","start":692.71,"end":693.11}]},{"text":"Poverty, hunger, inequality, corruption, injustice, and exclusion erode people's hopes for the future, drive communities further apart, and send shockwaves of unrest, violence, and even conflict across countries and regions.","start":694.35,"end":711.31,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Poverty,","start":694.35,"end":695.07},{"text":"hunger,","start":695.31,"end":695.79},{"text":"inequality,","start":695.87,"end":696.75},{"text":"corruption,","start":696.75,"end":697.55},{"text":"injustice,","start":697.55,"end":698.43},{"text":"and","start":698.51,"end":698.75},{"text":"exclusion","start":698.75,"end":699.55},{"text":"erode","start":700.19,"end":700.51},{"text":"people's","start":700.51,"end":700.95},{"text":"hopes","start":700.95,"end":701.35},{"text":"for","start":701.35,"end":701.47},{"text":"the","start":701.47,"end":701.55},{"text":"future,","start":701.55,"end":702.19},{"text":"drive","start":702.71,"end":702.99},{"text":"communities","start":702.99,"end":703.55},{"text":"further","start":703.55,"end":703.95},{"text":"apart,","start":703.95,"end":704.51},{"text":"and","start":704.99,"end":705.15},{"text":"send","start":705.15,"end":705.39},{"text":"shockwaves","start":705.39,"end":706.19},{"text":"of","start":706.23,"end":706.35},{"text":"unrest,","start":706.35,"end":706.91},{"text":"violence,","start":707.23,"end":707.87},{"text":"and","start":708.19,"end":708.35},{"text":"even","start":708.35,"end":708.63},{"text":"conflict","start":708.63,"end":709.19},{"text":"across","start":709.55,"end":709.95},{"text":"countries","start":709.95,"end":710.35},{"text":"and","start":710.35,"end":710.51},{"text":"regions.","start":710.51,"end":711.31}]},{"text":"Sustainable development is possible only by adhering to the rule of law, including the requirement to safeguard the rights and dignity of all people at all times.","start":712.35,"end":721.87,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Sustainable","start":712.35,"end":712.83},{"text":"development","start":712.83,"end":713.31},{"text":"is","start":713.31,"end":713.47},{"text":"possible","start":713.47,"end":714.07},{"text":"only","start":714.07,"end":714.27},{"text":"by","start":714.27,"end":714.51},{"text":"adhering","start":714.51,"end":714.91},{"text":"to","start":714.91,"end":714.99},{"text":"the","start":714.99,"end":715.11},{"text":"rule","start":715.11,"end":715.31},{"text":"of","start":715.31,"end":715.39},{"text":"law,","start":715.39,"end":715.79},{"text":"including","start":716.59,"end":717.07},{"text":"the","start":717.07,"end":717.15},{"text":"requirement","start":717.15,"end":717.75},{"text":"to","start":717.75,"end":717.87},{"text":"safeguard","start":717.87,"end":718.35},{"text":"the","start":718.35,"end":718.51},{"text":"rights","start":718.51,"end":718.83},{"text":"and","start":718.83,"end":718.95},{"text":"dignity","start":718.95,"end":719.63},{"text":"of","start":719.83,"end":719.99},{"text":"all","start":719.99,"end":720.11},{"text":"people","start":720.11,"end":720.75},{"text":"at","start":720.83,"end":720.99},{"text":"all","start":720.99,"end":721.27},{"text":"times.","start":721.27,"end":721.87}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Excellencies.","start":723.95,"end":724.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies.","start":723.95,"end":724.83}]},{"text":"And third, we must continue to promote the use of fair, independent judicial proceedings.","start":725.87,"end":733.71,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":725.87,"end":726.03},{"text":"third,","start":726.03,"end":726.51},{"text":"we","start":726.83,"end":726.95},{"text":"must","start":726.95,"end":727.19},{"text":"continue","start":727.19,"end":727.71},{"text":"to","start":727.71,"end":727.87},{"text":"promote","start":727.87,"end":728.51},{"text":"the","start":729.07,"end":729.27},{"text":"use","start":729.27,"end":729.71},{"text":"of","start":729.83,"end":729.95},{"text":"fair,","start":729.95,"end":730.59},{"text":"independent","start":730.75,"end":731.79},{"text":"judicial","start":731.87,"end":732.59},{"text":"proceedings.","start":732.59,"end":733.71}]},{"text":"It is encouraging to see increasing recourse to international courts and tribunals, including the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.","start":734.19,"end":747.07,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":734.19,"end":734.35},{"text":"is","start":734.35,"end":734.47},{"text":"encouraging","start":734.47,"end":735.31},{"text":"to","start":735.31,"end":735.47},{"text":"see","start":735.47,"end":736.19},{"text":"increasing","start":736.43,"end":737.23},{"text":"recourse","start":737.39,"end":738.11},{"text":"to","start":738.11,"end":738.35},{"text":"international","start":738.43,"end":739.27},{"text":"courts","start":739.27,"end":739.79},{"text":"and","start":739.79,"end":739.91},{"text":"tribunals,","start":739.91,"end":740.67},{"text":"including","start":740.67,"end":741.19},{"text":"the","start":741.19,"end":741.27},{"text":"International","start":741.27,"end":741.83},{"text":"Court","start":741.83,"end":742.15},{"text":"of","start":742.15,"end":742.27},{"text":"Justice,","start":742.27,"end":743.07},{"text":"the","start":743.39,"end":743.51},{"text":"principal","start":743.55,"end":744.19},{"text":"judicial","start":744.19,"end":744.75},{"text":"organ","start":744.75,"end":745.39},{"text":"of","start":745.67,"end":745.75},{"text":"the","start":745.75,"end":745.83},{"text":"United","start":745.83,"end":746.27},{"text":"Nations.","start":746.27,"end":747.07}]},{"text":"As the Court commemorates its 80th anniversary, I reiterate my call for all Member States to accept its compulsory jurisdiction without reservations and to respect and fully implement the Court's binding decisions.","start":747.71,"end":766.35,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":747.71,"end":747.95},{"text":"the","start":747.95,"end":748.07},{"text":"Court","start":748.07,"end":748.67},{"text":"commemorates","start":748.99,"end":749.95},{"text":"its","start":750.11,"end":750.43},{"text":"80th","start":750.59,"end":751.07},{"text":"anniversary,","start":751.07,"end":752.03},{"text":"I","start":752.43,"end":752.51},{"text":"reiterate","start":752.51,"end":753.27},{"text":"my","start":753.27,"end":753.47},{"text":"call","start":753.47,"end":753.79},{"text":"for","start":753.79,"end":754.11},{"text":"all","start":754.19,"end":754.43},{"text":"Member","start":754.43,"end":754.75},{"text":"States","start":754.75,"end":755.23},{"text":"to","start":755.23,"end":755.47},{"text":"accept","start":755.47,"end":756.35},{"text":"its","start":756.83,"end":757.31},{"text":"compulsory","start":757.31,"end":758.19},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":758.19,"end":758.91},{"text":"without","start":758.91,"end":759.39},{"text":"reservations","start":759.39,"end":760.43},{"text":"and","start":760.43,"end":760.63},{"text":"to","start":760.63,"end":760.71},{"text":"respect","start":760.71,"end":761.55},{"text":"and","start":761.95,"end":762.19},{"text":"fully","start":762.19,"end":762.91},{"text":"implement","start":763.15,"end":763.95},{"text":"the","start":764.03,"end":764.19},{"text":"Court's","start":764.19,"end":764.71},{"text":"binding","start":764.71,"end":765.31},{"text":"decisions.","start":765.31,"end":766.35}]},{"text":"It is also time to ensure accountability and to end impunity.","start":766.67,"end":771.71,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Let us move to the next while we're fixing the, His Excellency Mahmoud Ali Yusuf's site.","start":896.49,"end":905.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay.","start":896.49,"end":896.85},{"text":"Let","start":898.13,"end":898.41},{"text":"us","start":898.41,"end":898.69},{"text":"move","start":898.93,"end":899.25},{"text":"to","start":899.25,"end":899.73},{"text":"the","start":900.61,"end":900.73},{"text":"next","start":900.73,"end":901.17},{"text":"while","start":901.17,"end":901.41},{"text":"we're","start":901.41,"end":901.61},{"text":"fixing","start":901.61,"end":901.97},{"text":"the,","start":901.97,"end":902.17},{"text":"His","start":903.01,"end":903.21},{"text":"Excellency","start":903.21,"end":903.69},{"text":"Mahmoud","start":903.69,"end":903.93},{"text":"Ali","start":903.93,"end":904.09},{"text":"Yusuf's","start":904.09,"end":904.81},{"text":"site.","start":904.81,"end":905.25}]},{"text":"And now call the His Excellency, Mr. Judge Abdul Qawi.","start":905.85,"end":911.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":905.85,"end":906.01},{"text":"now","start":906.01,"end":906.13},{"text":"call","start":906.13,"end":906.53},{"text":"the","start":906.53,"end":906.65},{"text":"His","start":907.87,"end":908.03},{"text":"Excellency,","start":908.03,"end":908.75},{"text":"Mr.","start":909.31,"end":909.87},{"text":"Judge","start":910.59,"end":910.91},{"text":"Abdul","start":910.95,"end":911.23},{"text":"Qawi.","start":911.23,"end":911.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":913.91,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=914","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Can I take the floor?","start":913.91,"end":914.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Can","start":913.91,"end":914.03},{"text":"I","start":914.03,"end":914.11},{"text":"take","start":914.11,"end":914.35},{"text":"the","start":914.35,"end":914.47},{"text":"floor?","start":914.51,"end":914.83}]},{"text":"Can you hear me?","start":915.87,"end":916.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Can","start":915.87,"end":915.99},{"text":"you","start":915.99,"end":916.11},{"text":"hear","start":916.11,"end":916.35},{"text":"me?","start":916.35,"end":916.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Mahmoud Ali Yusuf","affiliation":"AU","affiliation_full":"AU","group":null,"function":"Chairperson"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":916.91,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=917","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes. 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also wish to thank the Secretary-General, Mr. Antonio Guterres, for his statement and for his leadership.","start":977.51,"end":985.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":977.51,"end":977.67},{"text":"also","start":977.67,"end":977.99},{"text":"wish","start":977.99,"end":978.23},{"text":"to","start":978.23,"end":978.63},{"text":"thank","start":978.63,"end":978.99},{"text":"the","start":978.99,"end":979.07},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":979.11,"end":980.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":980.47,"end":980.75},{"text":"Antonio","start":980.75,"end":981.11},{"text":"Guterres,","start":981.11,"end":981.91},{"text":"for","start":982.55,"end":983.11},{"text":"his","start":983.19,"end":983.51},{"text":"statement","start":983.51,"end":984.31},{"text":"and","start":984.31,"end":984.55},{"text":"for","start":984.55,"end":984.87},{"text":"his","start":984.87,"end":985.19},{"text":"leadership.","start":985.19,"end":985.91}]},{"text":"Ladies and gentlemen, we have gathered at a critical juncture for multilateralism.","start":986.79,"end":992.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":986.79,"end":987.15},{"text":"and","start":987.15,"end":987.31},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":987.31,"end":988.07},{"text":"we","start":988.39,"end":988.71},{"text":"have","start":988.71,"end":988.95},{"text":"gathered","start":988.95,"end":989.43},{"text":"at","start":989.83,"end":989.99},{"text":"a","start":989.99,"end":990.03},{"text":"critical","start":990.03,"end":990.47},{"text":"juncture","start":990.47,"end":991.11},{"text":"for","start":991.11,"end":991.43},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":991.43,"end":992.55}]},{"text":"The international system, which for nearly eight decades has facilitated a relative degree of stability, is presently being has been weakened.","start":993.35,"end":1003.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":993.35,"end":993.47},{"text":"international","start":993.47,"end":994.39},{"text":"system,","start":994.63,"end":995.19},{"text":"which","start":995.63,"end":995.91},{"text":"for","start":995.91,"end":996.07},{"text":"nearly","start":996.07,"end":996.47},{"text":"eight","start":996.55,"end":996.75},{"text":"decades","start":996.75,"end":997.43},{"text":"has","start":997.75,"end":998.23},{"text":"facilitated","start":998.31,"end":999.03},{"text":"a","start":999.03,"end":999.07},{"text":"relative","start":999.07,"end":999.51},{"text":"degree","start":999.51,"end":999.83},{"text":"of","start":999.83,"end":999.91},{"text":"stability,","start":999.91,"end":1000.43},{"text":"is","start":1000.43,"end":1000.63},{"text":"presently","start":1000.71,"end":1001.43},{"text":"being","start":1002.31,"end":1002.79},{"text":"has","start":1002.87,"end":1003.11},{"text":"been","start":1003.11,"end":1003.27},{"text":"weakened.","start":1003.27,"end":1003.91}]},{"text":"Conflicts have proliferated, multilateral action has been weakened, and trust in international institutions is being chipped away.","start":1004.07,"end":1014.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Conflicts","start":1004.07,"end":1004.95},{"text":"have","start":1005.27,"end":1005.67},{"text":"proliferated,","start":1005.99,"end":1006.87},{"text":"multilateral","start":1007.27,"end":1007.91},{"text":"action","start":1007.91,"end":1008.39},{"text":"has","start":1008.39,"end":1008.55},{"text":"been","start":1008.55,"end":1008.71},{"text":"weakened,","start":1008.71,"end":1009.19},{"text":"and","start":1009.63,"end":1009.83},{"text":"trust","start":1009.83,"end":1010.39},{"text":"in","start":1010.39,"end":1010.55},{"text":"international","start":1010.55,"end":1011.27},{"text":"institutions","start":1011.67,"end":1012.55},{"text":"is","start":1012.55,"end":1012.63},{"text":"being","start":1012.63,"end":1012.87},{"text":"chipped","start":1012.87,"end":1013.27},{"text":"away.","start":1013.67,"end":1014.23}]},{"text":"That having been said, the position of Africa is clear and it is steadfast.","start":1017.23,"end":1020.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1017.23,"end":1017.55},{"text":"having","start":1017.55,"end":1017.79},{"text":"been","start":1017.79,"end":1018.03},{"text":"said,","start":1018.03,"end":1018.19},{"text":"the","start":1018.19,"end":1018.27},{"text":"position","start":1018.27,"end":1018.67},{"text":"of","start":1018.67,"end":1018.75},{"text":"Africa","start":1018.75,"end":1019.07},{"text":"is","start":1019.07,"end":1019.15},{"text":"clear","start":1019.15,"end":1019.63},{"text":"and","start":1019.63,"end":1019.83},{"text":"it","start":1019.83,"end":1019.91},{"text":"is","start":1019.91,"end":1019.99},{"text":"steadfast.","start":1019.99,"end":1020.83}]},{"text":"We remain fully committed to multilateralism.","start":1021.55,"end":1024.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1021.55,"end":1022.03},{"text":"remain","start":1022.03,"end":1022.43},{"text":"fully","start":1022.43,"end":1022.83},{"text":"committed","start":1022.83,"end":1023.47},{"text":"to","start":1023.47,"end":1023.63},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":1023.63,"end":1024.75}]},{"text":"We are aware of the fact that no state, regardless of its weight, single-handedly, no state can tackle present-day challenges, including terrorism, climate change, pandemics, poverty, 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threats know no borders.","start":1038.99,"end":1041.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1038.99,"end":1039.55},{"text":"threats","start":1039.55,"end":1040.11},{"text":"know","start":1040.11,"end":1040.27},{"text":"no","start":1040.27,"end":1040.51},{"text":"borders.","start":1040.51,"end":1041.31}]},{"text":"They require collective responses rooted in international law and meaningful and sincere cooperation.","start":1041.83,"end":1050.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1041.83,"end":1042.31},{"text":"require","start":1042.31,"end":1042.87},{"text":"collective","start":1042.87,"end":1043.55},{"text":"responses","start":1043.55,"end":1044.47},{"text":"rooted","start":1044.71,"end":1045.35},{"text":"in","start":1045.35,"end":1045.47},{"text":"international","start":1045.47,"end":1046.43},{"text":"law","start":1046.43,"end":1046.71},{"text":"and","start":1047.35,"end":1047.91},{"text":"meaningful","start":1048.23,"end":1048.87},{"text":"and","start":1048.87,"end":1049.03},{"text":"sincere","start":1049.03,"end":1049.51},{"text":"cooperation.","start":1049.51,"end":1050.39}]},{"text":"On the basis of this clear framework, we are addressing matters related to international law.","start":1050.63,"end":1057.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1050.63,"end":1050.79},{"text":"the","start":1050.79,"end":1050.87},{"text":"basis","start":1050.87,"end":1051.51},{"text":"of","start":1051.71,"end":1051.91},{"text":"this","start":1051.99,"end":1052.47},{"text":"clear","start":1052.87,"end":1053.35},{"text":"framework,","start":1053.35,"end":1054.07},{"text":"we","start":1054.31,"end":1054.63},{"text":"are","start":1054.63,"end":1054.95},{"text":"addressing","start":1055.11,"end":1055.67},{"text":"matters","start":1055.67,"end":1056.07},{"text":"related","start":1056.07,"end":1056.39},{"text":"to","start":1056.39,"end":1056.51},{"text":"international","start":1056.51,"end":1057.35},{"text":"law.","start":1057.35,"end":1057.59}]},{"text":"For Africa, this is not an abstract notion.","start":1058.55,"end":1063.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1058.55,"end":1058.95},{"text":"Africa,","start":1058.95,"end":1059.67},{"text":"this","start":1060.23,"end":1060.47},{"text":"is","start":1060.47,"end":1060.63},{"text":"not","start":1060.63,"end":1061.11},{"text":"an","start":1061.47,"end":1061.67},{"text":"abstract","start":1061.75,"end":1062.63},{"text":"notion.","start":1063.03,"end":1063.75}]},{"text":"Rule of law is the very bedrock of sovereignty, of dignity, of stability, and of sustainable 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as binding principles.","start":1072.59,"end":1084.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1072.59,"end":1072.75},{"text":"constituent","start":1072.75,"end":1073.55},{"text":"act","start":1073.71,"end":1074.11},{"text":"of","start":1074.11,"end":1074.19},{"text":"the","start":1074.19,"end":1074.35},{"text":"African","start":1074.35,"end":1074.83},{"text":"Union","start":1074.83,"end":1075.31},{"text":"enshrines","start":1075.63,"end":1076.31},{"text":"democratic","start":1076.31,"end":1076.83},{"text":"governance,","start":1076.83,"end":1077.55},{"text":"human","start":1077.79,"end":1078.19},{"text":"rights,","start":1078.19,"end":1078.67},{"text":"rule","start":1078.91,"end":1079.07},{"text":"of","start":1079.07,"end":1079.15},{"text":"law","start":1079.15,"end":1079.47},{"text":"and","start":1079.79,"end":1079.95},{"text":"good","start":1079.95,"end":1080.19},{"text":"governance","start":1080.19,"end":1080.99},{"text":"as","start":1081.71,"end":1082.11},{"text":"binding","start":1082.19,"end":1082.99},{"text":"principles.","start":1083.23,"end":1084.03}]},{"text":"It also reaffirms the territorial integrity and the intangibility of borders and peaceful coexistence in an increasingly unstable world.","start":1084.35,"end":1095.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1084.35,"end":1084.51},{"text":"also","start":1084.51,"end":1084.71},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1084.71,"end":1085.23},{"text":"the","start":1085.23,"end":1085.31},{"text":"territorial","start":1085.31,"end":1085.87},{"text":"integrity","start":1085.87,"end":1086.67},{"text":"and","start":1087.15,"end":1087.55},{"text":"the","start":1087.71,"end":1087.91},{"text":"intangibility","start":1087.91,"end":1088.87},{"text":"of","start":1088.87,"end":1088.95},{"text":"borders","start":1088.95,"end":1089.63},{"text":"and","start":1090.27,"end":1090.67},{"text":"peaceful","start":1090.67,"end":1091.07},{"text":"coexistence","start":1091.07,"end":1092.19},{"text":"in","start":1092.59,"end":1093.07},{"text":"an","start":1093.47,"end":1093.63},{"text":"increasingly","start":1093.63,"end":1094.27},{"text":"unstable","start":1094.27,"end":1094.83},{"text":"world.","start":1094.83,"end":1095.39}]},{"text":"These principles define the identity of Africa and guide our collective action.","start":1095.79,"end":1102.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1095.79,"end":1096.35},{"text":"principles","start":1096.43,"end":1097.31},{"text":"define","start":1097.87,"end":1098.43},{"text":"the","start":1098.43,"end":1098.55},{"text":"identity","start":1098.55,"end":1099.31},{"text":"of","start":1099.51,"end":1099.63},{"text":"Africa","start":1099.63,"end":1099.99},{"text":"and","start":1099.99,"end":1100.15},{"text":"guide","start":1100.15,"end":1100.51},{"text":"our","start":1100.51,"end":1100.59},{"text":"collective","start":1100.59,"end":1101.31},{"text":"action.","start":1101.55,"end":1102.19}]},{"text":"Africa's commitment to peace is not merely limited to principles.","start":1103.47,"end":1107.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Africa's","start":1103.47,"end":1104.03},{"text":"commitment","start":1104.03,"end":1104.59},{"text":"to","start":1105.15,"end":1105.47},{"text":"peace","start":1105.47,"end":1105.79},{"text":"is","start":1105.79,"end":1105.87},{"text":"not","start":1105.87,"end":1106.11},{"text":"merely","start":1106.11,"end":1106.35},{"text":"limited","start":1106.35,"end":1106.75},{"text":"to","start":1106.75,"end":1106.99},{"text":"principles.","start":1106.99,"end":1107.79}]},{"text":"It is reflected in action.","start":1108.19,"end":1110.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1108.19,"end":1108.35},{"text":"is","start":1108.35,"end":1108.51},{"text":"reflected","start":1108.51,"end":1109.15},{"text":"in","start":1109.23,"end":1109.39},{"text":"action.","start":1109.39,"end":1110.11}]},{"text":"And the relevant Security Council resolution has marked a significant step in the partnership between the United Nations and the African Union.","start":1111.23,"end":1119.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1111.23,"end":1111.63},{"text":"the","start":1111.71,"end":1111.87},{"text":"relevant","start":1111.87,"end":1112.27},{"text":"Security","start":1112.27,"end":1112.63},{"text":"Council","start":1112.63,"end":1112.99},{"text":"resolution","start":1112.99,"end":1113.79},{"text":"has","start":1114.27,"end":1114.83},{"text":"marked","start":1114.91,"end":1115.39},{"text":"a","start":1115.47,"end":1115.51},{"text":"significant","start":1115.51,"end":1116.03},{"text":"step","start":1116.03,"end":1116.31},{"text":"in","start":1116.31,"end":1116.39},{"text":"the","start":1116.39,"end":1116.47},{"text":"partnership","start":1116.47,"end":1116.95},{"text":"between","start":1116.95,"end":1117.23},{"text":"the","start":1117.23,"end":1117.31},{"text":"United","start":1117.31,"end":1117.59},{"text":"Nations","start":1117.59,"end":1118.27},{"text":"and","start":1118.59,"end":1118.71},{"text":"the","start":1118.71,"end":1118.79},{"text":"African","start":1118.79,"end":1119.23},{"text":"Union.","start":1119.23,"end":1119.71}]},{"text":"We recognize the role of regional organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security.","start":1120.59,"end":1126.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1120.59,"end":1120.83},{"text":"recognize","start":1120.83,"end":1121.27},{"text":"the","start":1121.27,"end":1121.35},{"text":"role","start":1121.35,"end":1121.63},{"text":"of","start":1121.63,"end":1121.71},{"text":"regional","start":1121.71,"end":1122.03},{"text":"organizations","start":1122.03,"end":1123.15},{"text":"in","start":1123.55,"end":1123.71},{"text":"the","start":1123.71,"end":1123.83},{"text":"maintenance","start":1123.83,"end":1124.75},{"text":"of","start":1124.91,"end":1124.99},{"text":"international","start":1124.99,"end":1125.55},{"text":"peace","start":1125.55,"end":1125.79},{"text":"and","start":1125.79,"end":1125.91},{"text":"security.","start":1125.91,"end":1126.75}]},{"text":"African troop contributing countries, specifically in Somalia, continue to undertake significant efforts and make contributions.","start":1129.79,"end":1139.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"African","start":1129.79,"end":1130.51},{"text":"troop","start":1130.51,"end":1130.75},{"text":"contributing","start":1130.75,"end":1131.23},{"text":"countries,","start":1131.23,"end":1131.87},{"text":"specifically","start":1132.11,"end":1132.67},{"text":"in","start":1132.67,"end":1132.75},{"text":"Somalia,","start":1132.75,"end":1133.39},{"text":"continue","start":1134.03,"end":1134.83},{"text":"to","start":1135.31,"end":1135.71},{"text":"undertake","start":1136.03,"end":1136.43},{"text":"significant","start":1136.43,"end":1137.31},{"text":"efforts","start":1137.71,"end":1138.11},{"text":"and","start":1138.11,"end":1138.23},{"text":"make","start":1138.23,"end":1138.47},{"text":"contributions.","start":1138.47,"end":1139.07}]},{"text":"We honor the memory of those men and women who lost their lives.","start":1139.07,"end":1143.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1139.07,"end":1139.15},{"text":"honor","start":1139.15,"end":1139.39},{"text":"the","start":1139.39,"end":1139.51},{"text":"memory","start":1139.51,"end":1139.79},{"text":"of","start":1139.79,"end":1139.87},{"text":"those","start":1139.87,"end":1140.19},{"text":"men","start":1140.19,"end":1140.59},{"text":"and","start":1140.83,"end":1141.07},{"text":"women","start":1141.07,"end":1141.55},{"text":"who","start":1141.71,"end":1141.83},{"text":"lost","start":1141.83,"end":1142.43},{"text":"their","start":1142.51,"end":1143.07},{"text":"lives.","start":1143.15,"end":1143.95}]},{"text":"as they sought to advance peace and we applaud the determination of Africa to shoulder a greater degree of responsibility for its own security in partnership with the international community.","start":1144.47,"end":1156.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"as","start":1144.47,"end":1144.79},{"text":"they","start":1144.79,"end":1145.27},{"text":"sought","start":1145.67,"end":1145.95},{"text":"to","start":1145.95,"end":1146.03},{"text":"advance","start":1146.03,"end":1146.31},{"text":"peace","start":1146.31,"end":1146.59},{"text":"and","start":1146.59,"end":1146.71},{"text":"we","start":1146.71,"end":1146.79},{"text":"applaud","start":1146.79,"end":1147.27},{"text":"the","start":1147.35,"end":1147.51},{"text":"determination","start":1147.51,"end":1148.07},{"text":"of","start":1148.07,"end":1148.15},{"text":"Africa","start":1148.15,"end":1148.47},{"text":"to","start":1148.47,"end":1148.87},{"text":"shoulder","start":1149.11,"end":1149.51},{"text":"a","start":1149.51,"end":1149.55},{"text":"greater","start":1149.55,"end":1149.79},{"text":"degree","start":1149.79,"end":1150.07},{"text":"of","start":1150.07,"end":1150.15},{"text":"responsibility","start":1150.15,"end":1150.87},{"text":"for","start":1150.87,"end":1151.07},{"text":"its","start":1151.07,"end":1151.19},{"text":"own","start":1151.27,"end":1151.59},{"text":"security","start":1151.99,"end":1152.79},{"text":"in","start":1153.19,"end":1153.43},{"text":"partnership","start":1153.43,"end":1153.99},{"text":"with","start":1153.99,"end":1154.23},{"text":"the","start":1154.63,"end":1154.75},{"text":"international","start":1154.75,"end":1155.39},{"text":"community.","start":1155.39,"end":1156.07}]},{"text":"This commitment is undergirded by tangible commitments, including through the AU Peace Fund.","start":1156.47,"end":1163.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1156.47,"end":1156.63},{"text":"commitment","start":1156.63,"end":1157.19},{"text":"is","start":1157.19,"end":1157.31},{"text":"undergirded","start":1157.31,"end":1158.23},{"text":"by","start":1158.23,"end":1158.55},{"text":"tangible","start":1158.55,"end":1159.03},{"text":"commitments,","start":1159.03,"end":1159.83},{"text":"including","start":1159.83,"end":1160.39},{"text":"through","start":1160.63,"end":1161.03},{"text":"the","start":1161.35,"end":1161.51},{"text":"AU","start":1162.31,"end":1162.35},{"text":"Peace","start":1162.35,"end":1163.11},{"text":"Fund.","start":1163.11,"end":1163.51}]},{"text":"African states increasingly leverage legal mechanisms in order to peacefully resolve their disputes, specifically the ICJ and regional jurisdictions.","start":1164.51,"end":1176.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"African","start":1164.51,"end":1165.15},{"text":"states","start":1165.15,"end":1165.79},{"text":"increasingly","start":1165.79,"end":1166.75},{"text":"leverage","start":1167.23,"end":1167.95},{"text":"legal","start":1168.19,"end":1168.59},{"text":"mechanisms","start":1168.59,"end":1169.39},{"text":"in","start":1169.39,"end":1169.55},{"text":"order","start":1169.55,"end":1169.87},{"text":"to","start":1169.87,"end":1170.19},{"text":"peacefully","start":1170.19,"end":1170.75},{"text":"resolve","start":1170.75,"end":1171.23},{"text":"their","start":1171.55,"end":1171.71},{"text":"disputes,","start":1171.71,"end":1172.51},{"text":"specifically","start":1172.75,"end":1173.63},{"text":"the","start":1173.63,"end":1173.71},{"text":"ICJ","start":1173.71,"end":1174.59},{"text":"and","start":1174.99,"end":1175.39},{"text":"regional","start":1175.39,"end":1175.87},{"text":"jurisdictions.","start":1175.87,"end":1176.99}]},{"text":"This reflects a deeply rooted conviction that rule must prevail, law must prevail over force.","start":1177.31,"end":1185.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1177.31,"end":1177.87},{"text":"reflects","start":1177.95,"end":1178.91},{"text":"a","start":1179.23,"end":1179.27},{"text":"deeply","start":1179.27,"end":1180.11},{"text":"rooted","start":1180.11,"end":1180.35},{"text":"conviction","start":1180.35,"end":1180.83},{"text":"that","start":1180.83,"end":1181.07},{"text":"rule","start":1181.55,"end":1181.99},{"text":"must","start":1181.99,"end":1182.19},{"text":"prevail,","start":1182.19,"end":1182.83},{"text":"law","start":1182.91,"end":1183.23},{"text":"must","start":1183.23,"end":1183.55},{"text":"prevail","start":1183.55,"end":1184.35},{"text":"over","start":1184.35,"end":1184.75},{"text":"force.","start":1184.83,"end":1185.63}]},{"text":"Discussions of international law lead to an alarming recognition of an alarming reality.","start":1186.11,"end":1193.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Discussions","start":1186.11,"end":1186.83},{"text":"of","start":1186.83,"end":1186.91},{"text":"international","start":1186.91,"end":1187.79},{"text":"law","start":1187.87,"end":1188.27},{"text":"lead","start":1189.63,"end":1189.95},{"text":"to","start":1189.95,"end":1190.51},{"text":"an","start":1190.87,"end":1191.03},{"text":"alarming","start":1191.03,"end":1191.63},{"text":"recognition","start":1191.79,"end":1192.27},{"text":"of","start":1192.27,"end":1192.35},{"text":"an","start":1192.35,"end":1192.47},{"text":"alarming","start":1192.47,"end":1192.79},{"text":"reality.","start":1192.79,"end":1193.39}]},{"text":"There are divisions in this Council.","start":1194.15,"end":1198.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1194.15,"end":1194.79},{"text":"are","start":1194.87,"end":1195.43},{"text":"divisions","start":1196.47,"end":1197.35},{"text":"in","start":1197.51,"end":1197.59},{"text":"this","start":1197.59,"end":1197.75},{"text":"Council.","start":1197.75,"end":1198.39}]},{"text":"Eighty years after the establishment of the United Nations, a continent of 1.8 billion people and 55 member states still does not have a permanent seat in a body which helps to shape its 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is not just an injustice to Africa.","start":1212.91,"end":1215.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1212.91,"end":1213.07},{"text":"is","start":1213.07,"end":1213.19},{"text":"not","start":1213.19,"end":1213.39},{"text":"just","start":1213.39,"end":1213.63},{"text":"an","start":1213.63,"end":1213.75},{"text":"injustice","start":1213.75,"end":1214.47},{"text":"to","start":1214.47,"end":1214.59},{"text":"Africa.","start":1214.59,"end":1215.11}]},{"text":"This is a matter of credibility and a problem of effectiveness for the Council 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is not a matter of privilege, it's a matter of equity and correcting a historical injustice.","start":1240.39,"end":1245.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1240.39,"end":1240.63},{"text":"is","start":1240.63,"end":1240.79},{"text":"not","start":1240.79,"end":1241.27},{"text":"a","start":1241.75,"end":1241.79},{"text":"matter","start":1241.79,"end":1242.07},{"text":"of","start":1242.07,"end":1242.15},{"text":"privilege,","start":1242.15,"end":1242.55},{"text":"it's","start":1242.55,"end":1242.91},{"text":"a","start":1242.91,"end":1242.95},{"text":"matter","start":1243.03,"end":1243.35},{"text":"of","start":1243.35,"end":1243.43},{"text":"equity","start":1243.43,"end":1243.91},{"text":"and","start":1244.07,"end":1244.23},{"text":"correcting","start":1244.23,"end":1244.71},{"text":"a","start":1244.71,"end":1244.79},{"text":"historical","start":1244.79,"end":1245.35},{"text":"injustice.","start":1245.35,"end":1245.99}]},{"text":"We call for greater cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations, specifically the African Union, in accordance with chapter eight of the charter, as well as for partnership rooted in mutual respect, complementarity, and responsibility sharing.","start":1246.39,"end":1266.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1246.39,"end":1246.55},{"text":"call","start":1246.55,"end":1246.87},{"text":"for","start":1246.87,"end":1247.19},{"text":"greater","start":1247.19,"end":1247.67},{"text":"cooperation","start":1247.67,"end":1248.47},{"text":"between","start":1248.87,"end":1249.59},{"text":"the","start":1249.91,"end":1249.99},{"text":"United","start":1249.99,"end":1250.35},{"text":"Nations","start":1250.35,"end":1251.03},{"text":"and","start":1251.91,"end":1252.07},{"text":"regional","start":1252.07,"end":1252.35},{"text":"organizations,","start":1252.35,"end":1253.07},{"text":"specifically","start":1253.07,"end":1253.67},{"text":"the","start":1254.07,"end":1254.19},{"text":"African","start":1254.23,"end":1254.71},{"text":"Union,","start":1254.79,"end":1255.27},{"text":"in","start":1256.07,"end":1256.31},{"text":"accordance","start":1256.31,"end":1256.75},{"text":"with","start":1256.75,"end":1256.95},{"text":"chapter","start":1256.95,"end":1257.35},{"text":"eight","start":1257.43,"end":1257.83},{"text":"of","start":1257.83,"end":1257.95},{"text":"the","start":1257.95,"end":1258.07},{"text":"charter,","start":1258.07,"end":1258.55},{"text":"as","start":1259.03,"end":1259.19},{"text":"well","start":1259.19,"end":1259.59},{"text":"as","start":1259.99,"end":1260.31},{"text":"for","start":1260.39,"end":1260.79},{"text":"partnership","start":1260.79,"end":1261.43},{"text":"rooted","start":1261.83,"end":1262.07},{"text":"in","start":1262.07,"end":1262.19},{"text":"mutual","start":1262.19,"end":1262.63},{"text":"respect,","start":1262.63,"end":1263.27},{"text":"complementarity,","start":1263.67,"end":1264.71},{"text":"and","start":1264.95,"end":1265.11},{"text":"responsibility","start":1265.11,"end":1265.99},{"text":"sharing.","start":1265.99,"end":1266.55}]},{"text":"Excellencies.","start":1267.83,"end":1268.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies.","start":1267.83,"end":1268.79}]},{"text":"Breathing new life into multilateralism requires more than rhetoric.","start":1270.47,"end":1274.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Breathing","start":1270.47,"end":1270.87},{"text":"new","start":1270.87,"end":1270.99},{"text":"life","start":1270.99,"end":1271.47},{"text":"into","start":1271.63,"end":1271.95},{"text":"multilateralism","start":1271.95,"end":1272.83},{"text":"requires","start":1272.83,"end":1273.23},{"text":"more","start":1273.23,"end":1273.71},{"text":"than","start":1273.71,"end":1274.19},{"text":"rhetoric.","start":1274.35,"end":1274.91}]},{"text":"This requires respect for good faith, respect for international relations, peaceful dispute resolution, more equitable global governance, and political courage to reform institutions which fail to reflect present-day realities.","start":1275.39,"end":1293.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1275.39,"end":1275.71},{"text":"requires","start":1275.71,"end":1276.19},{"text":"respect","start":1276.19,"end":1276.75},{"text":"for","start":1276.83,"end":1277.15},{"text":"good","start":1277.15,"end":1277.31},{"text":"faith,","start":1277.31,"end":1277.79},{"text":"respect","start":1278.11,"end":1278.51},{"text":"for","start":1278.51,"end":1278.63},{"text":"international","start":1278.63,"end":1279.39},{"text":"relations,","start":1279.63,"end":1280.35},{"text":"peaceful","start":1280.67,"end":1281.31},{"text":"dispute","start":1281.71,"end":1282.11},{"text":"resolution,","start":1282.11,"end":1282.83},{"text":"more","start":1283.31,"end":1283.63},{"text":"equitable","start":1283.63,"end":1284.11},{"text":"global","start":1284.11,"end":1284.51},{"text":"governance,","start":1284.51,"end":1285.31},{"text":"and","start":1285.71,"end":1285.95},{"text":"political","start":1286.03,"end":1286.83},{"text":"courage","start":1287.07,"end":1287.63},{"text":"to","start":1287.63,"end":1287.83},{"text":"reform","start":1287.83,"end":1288.75},{"text":"institutions","start":1289.79,"end":1290.67},{"text":"which","start":1290.67,"end":1290.83},{"text":"fail","start":1290.83,"end":1291.39},{"text":"to","start":1291.39,"end":1291.87},{"text":"reflect","start":1292.35,"end":1292.91},{"text":"present-day","start":1292.91,"end":1293.27},{"text":"realities.","start":1293.27,"end":1293.71}]},{"text":"We stand ready to play our role, guided by the 2063 Agenda, and by the Charter of the United Nations.","start":1293.71,"end":1300.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1293.71,"end":1293.87},{"text":"stand","start":1293.87,"end":1294.11},{"text":"ready","start":1294.11,"end":1294.35},{"text":"to","start":1294.35,"end":1294.47},{"text":"play","start":1294.47,"end":1294.91},{"text":"our","start":1295.39,"end":1295.75},{"text":"role,","start":1295.75,"end":1296.11},{"text":"guided","start":1296.43,"end":1296.75},{"text":"by","start":1296.75,"end":1296.91},{"text":"the","start":1296.91,"end":1297.03},{"text":"2063","start":1297.03,"end":1297.83},{"text":"Agenda,","start":1297.83,"end":1298.35},{"text":"and","start":1299.03,"end":1299.15},{"text":"by","start":1299.15,"end":1299.23},{"text":"the","start":1299.23,"end":1299.39},{"text":"Charter","start":1299.39,"end":1299.67},{"text":"of","start":1299.67,"end":1299.75},{"text":"the","start":1299.75,"end":1299.83},{"text":"United","start":1299.83,"end":1300.19},{"text":"Nations.","start":1300.19,"end":1300.91}]},{"text":"We extend a hand to all those who aspire to a more just, a more peaceful, and a more inclusive world 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Africa, rule of law is neither optional nor selective, nor is it negotiable.","start":1311.47,"end":1316.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1311.47,"end":1311.79},{"text":"Africa,","start":1311.79,"end":1312.23},{"text":"rule","start":1312.59,"end":1312.83},{"text":"of","start":1312.83,"end":1312.91},{"text":"law","start":1312.91,"end":1313.15},{"text":"is","start":1313.15,"end":1313.23},{"text":"neither","start":1313.23,"end":1313.87},{"text":"optional","start":1313.87,"end":1314.35},{"text":"nor","start":1314.35,"end":1314.51},{"text":"selective,","start":1314.51,"end":1315.07},{"text":"nor","start":1315.07,"end":1315.39},{"text":"is","start":1315.39,"end":1315.63},{"text":"it","start":1315.63,"end":1315.75},{"text":"negotiable.","start":1315.75,"end":1316.67}]},{"text":"Rule of law is a very prerequisite for 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Yusuf.","start":1347.87,"end":1350.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1347.87,"end":1347.95},{"text":"now","start":1347.95,"end":1348.19},{"text":"give","start":1348.19,"end":1348.39},{"text":"the","start":1348.39,"end":1348.51},{"text":"floor","start":1348.51,"end":1348.91},{"text":"to","start":1348.91,"end":1349.07},{"text":"Judge","start":1349.07,"end":1349.27},{"text":"Abdul","start":1349.35,"end":1349.63},{"text":"Qawi","start":1349.63,"end":1349.91},{"text":"Yusuf.","start":1349.91,"end":1350.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":1357.27,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=1358","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Ambassador Abukar Osman, Mr. Secretary General, Excellency Mahmoud Ali Yusuf, Chairman of the African Union Commission, distinguished delegates, it is a great pleasure for me to see Somalia, Mr. President, 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more than half a century.","start":1384.99,"end":1387.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"after","start":1384.99,"end":1385.35},{"text":"more","start":1385.35,"end":1385.91},{"text":"than","start":1385.91,"end":1386.23},{"text":"half","start":1386.23,"end":1386.59},{"text":"a","start":1386.59,"end":1386.63},{"text":"century.","start":1386.63,"end":1387.35}]},{"text":"My warmest congratulations to you and to the entire delegation for Somalia's election to the Council and to the Presidency of the Council for this 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old expression might is right has never helped humanity to live together in peace and harmony.","start":1574.35,"end":1584.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1574.35,"end":1574.39},{"text":"old","start":1574.39,"end":1575.03},{"text":"expression","start":1575.07,"end":1576.19},{"text":"might","start":1576.19,"end":1576.83},{"text":"is","start":1576.83,"end":1577.07},{"text":"right","start":1577.07,"end":1577.63},{"text":"has","start":1577.79,"end":1578.19},{"text":"never","start":1578.19,"end":1578.83},{"text":"helped","start":1578.91,"end":1579.47},{"text":"humanity","start":1579.79,"end":1580.75},{"text":"to","start":1581.07,"end":1581.23},{"text":"live","start":1581.23,"end":1581.63},{"text":"together","start":1581.63,"end":1582.35},{"text":"in","start":1582.67,"end":1582.91},{"text":"peace","start":1582.91,"end":1583.55},{"text":"and","start":1583.63,"end":1583.79},{"text":"harmony.","start":1583.79,"end":1584.43}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the emergency of an 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increase was due to the conclusion of international agreements, in a wide range of fields, from aviation to telecommunications, from labor standards to trade and investment, from human rights to humanitarian law, and all the way to environmental law, global warming, and the protection of biological diversity.","start":1709.23,"end":1733.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1709.23,"end":1709.71},{"text":"increase","start":1709.71,"end":1710.51},{"text":"was","start":1710.59,"end":1710.99},{"text":"due","start":1710.99,"end":1711.39},{"text":"to","start":1711.39,"end":1711.55},{"text":"the","start":1711.55,"end":1711.67},{"text":"conclusion","start":1711.67,"end":1712.47},{"text":"of","start":1712.47,"end":1712.59},{"text":"international","start":1712.59,"end":1713.39},{"text":"agreements,","start":1713.39,"end":1714.27},{"text":"in","start":1714.67,"end":1714.91},{"text":"a","start":1714.91,"end":1714.95},{"text":"wide","start":1714.95,"end":1715.71},{"text":"range","start":1715.71,"end":1716.27},{"text":"of","start":1716.27,"end":1716.39},{"text":"fields,","start":1716.39,"end":1717.23},{"text":"from","start":1717.55,"end":1717.91},{"text":"aviation","start":1717.91,"end":1718.59},{"text":"to","start":1718.63,"end":1718.75},{"text":"telecommunications,","start":1718.75,"end":1720.03},{"text":"from","start":1720.19,"end":1720.51},{"text":"labor","start":1720.51,"end":1720.99},{"text":"standards","start":1720.99,"end":1721.87},{"text":"to","start":1721.87,"end":1721.99},{"text":"trade","start":1722.03,"end":1722.43},{"text":"and","start":1722.43,"end":1722.59},{"text":"investment,","start":1722.59,"end":1723.35},{"text":"from","start":1723.55,"end":1723.95},{"text":"human","start":1723.95,"end":1724.35},{"text":"rights","start":1724.35,"end":1724.91},{"text":"to","start":1724.91,"end":1725.03},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1725.03,"end":1726.03},{"text":"law,","start":1726.03,"end":1726.47},{"text":"and","start":1726.63,"end":1726.91},{"text":"all","start":1726.99,"end":1727.31},{"text":"the","start":1727.31,"end":1727.43},{"text":"way","start":1727.43,"end":1727.87},{"text":"to","start":1727.95,"end":1728.15},{"text":"environmental","start":1728.15,"end":1729.59},{"text":"law,","start":1729.59,"end":1729.67},{"text":"global","start":1729.87,"end":1730.43},{"text":"warming,","start":1730.43,"end":1731.07},{"text":"and","start":1731.23,"end":1731.43},{"text":"the","start":1731.43,"end":1731.51},{"text":"protection","start":1731.51,"end":1732.27},{"text":"of","start":1732.31,"end":1732.43},{"text":"biological","start":1732.43,"end":1733.15},{"text":"diversity.","start":1733.15,"end":1733.87}]},{"text":"It also gave rise to thousands of treaties establishing cooperation among the states, both at the bilateral and multilateral level.","start":1734.67,"end":1744.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1734.67,"end":1734.91},{"text":"also","start":1734.91,"end":1735.23},{"text":"gave","start":1735.23,"end":1735.55},{"text":"rise","start":1735.55,"end":1736.11},{"text":"to","start":1736.27,"end":1736.59},{"text":"thousands","start":1736.59,"end":1737.39},{"text":"of","start":1737.39,"end":1737.63},{"text":"treaties","start":1737.63,"end":1738.39},{"text":"establishing","start":1738.39,"end":1739.15},{"text":"cooperation","start":1739.15,"end":1739.91},{"text":"among","start":1739.91,"end":1740.19},{"text":"the","start":1740.19,"end":1740.27},{"text":"states,","start":1740.27,"end":1740.99},{"text":"both","start":1741.43,"end":1741.79},{"text":"at","start":1741.91,"end":1742.03},{"text":"the","start":1742.03,"end":1742.23},{"text":"bilateral","start":1742.23,"end":1743.19},{"text":"and","start":1743.35,"end":1743.59},{"text":"multilateral","start":1743.59,"end":1744.51},{"text":"level.","start":1744.51,"end":1744.87}]},{"text":"The international rule of law as compared to the domestic rule of law, we have to recognize is in its adolescence.","start":1747.27,"end":1758.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1747.27,"end":1747.47},{"text":"international","start":1747.47,"end":1748.47},{"text":"rule","start":1748.47,"end":1749.03},{"text":"of","start":1749.03,"end":1749.19},{"text":"law","start":1749.19,"end":1749.91},{"text":"as","start":1749.95,"end":1750.07},{"text":"compared","start":1750.07,"end":1750.87},{"text":"to","start":1750.95,"end":1751.27},{"text":"the","start":1751.27,"end":1751.47},{"text":"domestic","start":1751.99,"end":1752.79},{"text":"rule","start":1752.79,"end":1753.15},{"text":"of","start":1753.15,"end":1753.27},{"text":"law,","start":1753.27,"end":1753.75},{"text":"we","start":1753.75,"end":1754.07},{"text":"have","start":1754.07,"end":1754.31},{"text":"to","start":1754.31,"end":1754.47},{"text":"recognize","start":1754.47,"end":1755.59},{"text":"is","start":1756.07,"end":1756.63},{"text":"in","start":1756.63,"end":1756.95},{"text":"its","start":1756.95,"end":1757.51},{"text":"adolescence.","start":1757.63,"end":1758.79}]},{"text":"80 years is a very short period in the history of humanity.","start":1759.59,"end":1765.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"80","start":1759.59,"end":1760.07},{"text":"years","start":1760.07,"end":1760.95},{"text":"is","start":1761.03,"end":1761.23},{"text":"a","start":1761.23,"end":1761.27},{"text":"very","start":1761.27,"end":1761.75},{"text":"short","start":1761.75,"end":1762.39},{"text":"period","start":1762.39,"end":1763.03},{"text":"in","start":1763.67,"end":1763.83},{"text":"the","start":1763.83,"end":1763.95},{"text":"history","start":1763.95,"end":1764.71},{"text":"of","start":1764.79,"end":1765.03},{"text":"humanity.","start":1765.03,"end":1765.91}]},{"text":"As we all know, adolescence is a transitional period marked by social change and challenges.","start":1766.67,"end":1775.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1766.67,"end":1766.87},{"text":"we","start":1766.87,"end":1767.11},{"text":"all","start":1767.19,"end":1767.43},{"text":"know,","start":1767.43,"end":1767.91},{"text":"adolescence","start":1768.31,"end":1769.35},{"text":"is","start":1769.35,"end":1769.59},{"text":"a","start":1769.59,"end":1769.67},{"text":"transitional","start":1769.67,"end":1770.71},{"text":"period","start":1770.71,"end":1771.31},{"text":"marked","start":1771.75,"end":1772.39},{"text":"by","start":1772.47,"end":1772.79},{"text":"social","start":1772.79,"end":1773.35},{"text":"change","start":1773.35,"end":1773.99},{"text":"and","start":1774.15,"end":1774.47},{"text":"challenges.","start":1774.47,"end":1775.35}]},{"text":"We cannot therefore expect that the rule of law among nations displays all the time maturity and solidity.","start":1775.75,"end":1786.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1775.75,"end":1776.07},{"text":"cannot","start":1776.07,"end":1776.51},{"text":"therefore","start":1776.51,"end":1777.27},{"text":"expect","start":1777.27,"end":1777.95},{"text":"that","start":1778.47,"end":1778.71},{"text":"the","start":1778.71,"end":1778.83},{"text":"rule","start":1778.83,"end":1779.27},{"text":"of","start":1779.27,"end":1779.35},{"text":"law","start":1779.35,"end":1779.95},{"text":"among","start":1779.95,"end":1780.31},{"text":"nations","start":1780.31,"end":1781.27},{"text":"displays","start":1781.59,"end":1782.63},{"text":"all","start":1782.63,"end":1782.95},{"text":"the","start":1782.95,"end":1783.07},{"text":"time","start":1783.07,"end":1783.67},{"text":"maturity","start":1784.07,"end":1785.19},{"text":"and","start":1785.19,"end":1785.55},{"text":"solidity.","start":1785.55,"end":1786.39}]},{"text":"It will experience challenges as it grows.","start":1787.11,"end":1790.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1787.11,"end":1787.27},{"text":"will","start":1787.27,"end":1787.51},{"text":"experience","start":1787.51,"end":1788.55},{"text":"challenges","start":1788.55,"end":1789.51},{"text":"as","start":1789.71,"end":1789.83},{"text":"it","start":1789.83,"end":1789.99},{"text":"grows.","start":1790.07,"end":1790.95}]},{"text":"It will occasionally suffer from shortcomings.","start":1791.27,"end":1794.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1791.27,"end":1791.51},{"text":"will","start":1791.51,"end":1791.87},{"text":"occasionally","start":1791.87,"end":1792.63},{"text":"suffer","start":1792.63,"end":1793.27},{"text":"from","start":1793.51,"end":1793.83},{"text":"shortcomings.","start":1793.83,"end":1794.87}]},{"text":"it will be affected by strong headwinds in its progress.","start":1795.35,"end":1800.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"it","start":1795.35,"end":1795.59},{"text":"will","start":1795.59,"end":1795.75},{"text":"be","start":1795.75,"end":1795.95},{"text":"affected","start":1795.95,"end":1796.71},{"text":"by","start":1796.87,"end":1797.51},{"text":"strong","start":1797.67,"end":1798.23},{"text":"headwinds","start":1798.23,"end":1799.27},{"text":"in","start":1799.35,"end":1799.51},{"text":"its","start":1799.51,"end":1799.83},{"text":"progress.","start":1799.83,"end":1800.55}]},{"text":"This happens to be the case today.","start":1801.03,"end":1804.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1801.03,"end":1801.43},{"text":"happens","start":1801.43,"end":1802.31},{"text":"to","start":1802.55,"end":1802.79},{"text":"be","start":1802.79,"end":1803.03},{"text":"the","start":1803.03,"end":1803.15},{"text":"case","start":1803.15,"end":1803.91},{"text":"today.","start":1804.23,"end":1804.79}]},{"text":"However, there is no reason for despair.","start":1805.75,"end":1809.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1805.75,"end":1806.47},{"text":"there","start":1806.95,"end":1807.27},{"text":"is","start":1807.27,"end":1807.51},{"text":"no","start":1807.51,"end":1807.75},{"text":"reason","start":1807.75,"end":1808.47},{"text":"for","start":1808.55,"end":1808.87},{"text":"despair.","start":1808.87,"end":1809.67}]},{"text":"The vitality of a legal order is for the long haul.","start":1810.15,"end":1814.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1810.15,"end":1810.35},{"text":"vitality","start":1810.35,"end":1811.27},{"text":"of","start":1811.27,"end":1811.51},{"text":"a","start":1811.51,"end":1811.55},{"text":"legal","start":1811.55,"end":1812.15},{"text":"order","start":1812.15,"end":1812.79},{"text":"is","start":1812.79,"end":1813.03},{"text":"for","start":1813.03,"end":1813.27},{"text":"the","start":1813.27,"end":1813.39},{"text":"long","start":1813.39,"end":1814.15},{"text":"haul.","start":1814.15,"end":1814.71}]},{"text":"There will always be periods of turbulence, but the danger is lurking behind those turbulences.","start":1815.43,"end":1824.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1815.43,"end":1815.75},{"text":"will","start":1815.75,"end":1815.99},{"text":"always","start":1815.99,"end":1816.71},{"text":"be","start":1816.71,"end":1817.27},{"text":"periods","start":1817.51,"end":1818.39},{"text":"of","start":1818.47,"end":1818.71},{"text":"turbulence,","start":1818.71,"end":1819.67},{"text":"but","start":1820.15,"end":1820.39},{"text":"the","start":1820.39,"end":1820.59},{"text":"danger","start":1820.59,"end":1821.35},{"text":"is","start":1821.35,"end":1821.67},{"text":"lurking","start":1821.83,"end":1822.43},{"text":"behind","start":1822.43,"end":1823.31},{"text":"those","start":1823.35,"end":1823.75},{"text":"turbulences.","start":1823.75,"end":1824.87}]},{"text":"should convince the states to stay the course, to uphold the rule of law, because the alternative is much less desirable.","start":1825.19,"end":1835.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"should","start":1825.19,"end":1825.43},{"text":"convince","start":1825.43,"end":1826.07},{"text":"the","start":1826.07,"end":1826.19},{"text":"states","start":1826.19,"end":1827.03},{"text":"to","start":1827.35,"end":1827.51},{"text":"stay","start":1827.51,"end":1827.91},{"text":"the","start":1827.91,"end":1828.03},{"text":"course,","start":1828.03,"end":1828.71},{"text":"to","start":1829.19,"end":1829.35},{"text":"uphold","start":1829.35,"end":1830.07},{"text":"the","start":1830.07,"end":1830.23},{"text":"rule","start":1830.31,"end":1830.63},{"text":"of","start":1830.63,"end":1830.71},{"text":"law,","start":1830.71,"end":1831.11},{"text":"because","start":1831.59,"end":1832.23},{"text":"the","start":1832.31,"end":1832.51},{"text":"alternative","start":1832.51,"end":1833.51},{"text":"is","start":1833.83,"end":1834.15},{"text":"much","start":1834.15,"end":1834.47},{"text":"less","start":1834.47,"end":1835.11},{"text":"desirable.","start":1835.19,"end":1835.91}]},{"text":"We need to recall that the binding character of the large majority of rules of international law rests upon the consent of 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obligations assumed by states through international agreements are not incompatible with state sovereignty.","start":1850.07,"end":1860.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1850.07,"end":1850.19},{"text":"obligations","start":1850.23,"end":1851.43},{"text":"assumed","start":1851.43,"end":1852.07},{"text":"by","start":1852.07,"end":1852.31},{"text":"states","start":1852.31,"end":1853.27},{"text":"through","start":1853.27,"end":1853.59},{"text":"international","start":1853.59,"end":1854.43},{"text":"agreements","start":1854.43,"end":1855.35},{"text":"are","start":1855.83,"end":1856.15},{"text":"not","start":1856.15,"end":1856.71},{"text":"incompatible","start":1856.95,"end":1858.23},{"text":"with","start":1858.47,"end":1858.75},{"text":"state","start":1858.75,"end":1859.43},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":1859.43,"end":1860.47}]},{"text":"The conclusion of any treaty by which a state undertakes to perform or refrain from performing a particular act is itself an attribute of state sovereignty.","start":1861.03,"end":1876.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1861.03,"end":1861.19},{"text":"conclusion","start":1861.19,"end":1862.15},{"text":"of","start":1862.23,"end":1862.47},{"text":"any","start":1862.47,"end":1862.87},{"text":"treaty","start":1862.87,"end":1863.59},{"text":"by","start":1863.83,"end":1864.11},{"text":"which","start":1864.11,"end":1864.51},{"text":"a","start":1864.51,"end":1864.55},{"text":"state","start":1864.63,"end":1865.19},{"text":"undertakes","start":1865.19,"end":1865.99},{"text":"to","start":1865.99,"end":1866.23},{"text":"perform","start":1866.23,"end":1867.03},{"text":"or","start":1867.35,"end":1867.55},{"text":"refrain","start":1867.55,"end":1868.15},{"text":"from","start":1868.15,"end":1868.47},{"text":"performing","start":1868.47,"end":1869.23},{"text":"a","start":1869.51,"end":1869.55},{"text":"particular","start":1869.55,"end":1870.47},{"text":"act","start":1870.47,"end":1870.83},{"text":"is","start":1871.51,"end":1871.99},{"text":"itself","start":1872.55,"end":1873.35},{"text":"an","start":1873.95,"end":1874.15},{"text":"attribute","start":1874.15,"end":1874.99},{"text":"of","start":1875.31,"end":1875.43},{"text":"state","start":1875.43,"end":1875.91},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":1875.91,"end":1876.59}]},{"text":"It is therefore in the exercise of their sovereignty that states establish the rules governing their relations with other 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should therefore respect them.","start":1887.87,"end":1890.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1887.87,"end":1888.11},{"text":"should","start":1888.11,"end":1888.43},{"text":"therefore","start":1888.59,"end":1889.31},{"text":"respect","start":1889.47,"end":1890.19},{"text":"them.","start":1890.19,"end":1890.43}]},{"text":"A world without rules or legal guardrails is not in the interest of any state, small or big, weak or powerful.","start":1891.63,"end":1902.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1891.63,"end":1891.67},{"text":"world","start":1891.67,"end":1892.31},{"text":"without","start":1892.59,"end":1893.23},{"text":"rules","start":1893.23,"end":1893.87},{"text":"or","start":1893.87,"end":1894.19},{"text":"legal","start":1894.19,"end":1894.99},{"text":"guardrails","start":1895.15,"end":1896.43},{"text":"is","start":1896.91,"end":1897.15},{"text":"not","start":1897.15,"end":1897.55},{"text":"in","start":1897.55,"end":1897.79},{"text":"the","start":1897.79,"end":1897.91},{"text":"interest","start":1897.91,"end":1898.51},{"text":"of","start":1898.51,"end":1898.75},{"text":"any","start":1898.75,"end":1899.07},{"text":"state,","start":1899.07,"end":1899.71},{"text":"small","start":1900.03,"end":1900.59},{"text":"or","start":1900.59,"end":1900.91},{"text":"big,","start":1900.91,"end":1901.19},{"text":"weak","start":1901.47,"end":1901.87},{"text":"or","start":1901.87,"end":1902.03},{"text":"powerful.","start":1902.03,"end":1902.75}]},{"text":"Lawlessness and chaos do not benefit any nation's security or development, nor does arbitrariness in relations with other states.","start":1903.31,"end":1917.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Lawlessness","start":1903.31,"end":1904.43},{"text":"and","start":1904.55,"end":1904.75},{"text":"chaos","start":1904.75,"end":1905.55},{"text":"do","start":1906.03,"end":1906.19},{"text":"not","start":1906.19,"end":1906.59},{"text":"benefit","start":1906.59,"end":1907.31},{"text":"any","start":1907.47,"end":1907.95},{"text":"nation's","start":1907.95,"end":1908.39},{"text":"security","start":1908.39,"end":1909.23},{"text":"or","start":1909.47,"end":1909.75},{"text":"development,","start":1909.75,"end":1910.55},{"text":"nor","start":1911.31,"end":1911.71},{"text":"does","start":1911.71,"end":1912.19},{"text":"arbitrariness","start":1912.47,"end":1913.79},{"text":"in","start":1914.03,"end":1914.27},{"text":"relations","start":1914.27,"end":1915.23},{"text":"with","start":1915.39,"end":1915.71},{"text":"other","start":1915.87,"end":1916.27},{"text":"states.","start":1916.59,"end":1917.39}]},{"text":"The advantages of stability and predictability offered by the web of international legal rules established in the post-war period outweigh any possible constraints that it imposes on states.","start":1918.43,"end":1934.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1918.43,"end":1918.55},{"text":"advantages","start":1918.55,"end":1919.47},{"text":"of","start":1919.47,"end":1919.63},{"text":"stability","start":1919.71,"end":1920.51},{"text":"and","start":1920.51,"end":1920.63},{"text":"predictability","start":1920.67,"end":1921.87},{"text":"offered","start":1921.87,"end":1922.43},{"text":"by","start":1922.43,"end":1922.75},{"text":"the","start":1922.75,"end":1922.87},{"text":"web","start":1922.87,"end":1923.23},{"text":"of","start":1923.31,"end":1923.47},{"text":"international","start":1923.47,"end":1924.31},{"text":"legal","start":1924.31,"end":1924.67},{"text":"rules","start":1924.67,"end":1925.23},{"text":"established","start":1925.43,"end":1926.35},{"text":"in","start":1926.35,"end":1926.51},{"text":"the","start":1926.51,"end":1926.67},{"text":"post-war","start":1926.67,"end":1927.47},{"text":"period","start":1927.47,"end":1928.03},{"text":"outweigh","start":1928.51,"end":1929.47},{"text":"any","start":1929.63,"end":1930.03},{"text":"possible","start":1930.03,"end":1930.67},{"text":"constraints","start":1930.67,"end":1931.79},{"text":"that","start":1932.19,"end":1932.51},{"text":"it","start":1932.51,"end":1932.67},{"text":"imposes","start":1932.67,"end":1933.71},{"text":"on","start":1933.79,"end":1934.03},{"text":"states.","start":1934.03,"end":1934.63}]},{"text":"Without an international rule of law, arbitrariness would increase, predictability would diminish, uncertainty would disappear.","start":1935.47,"end":1947.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":1935.47,"end":1935.91},{"text":"an","start":1935.91,"end":1935.99},{"text":"international","start":1935.99,"end":1936.83},{"text":"rule","start":1936.83,"end":1937.11},{"text":"of","start":1937.11,"end":1937.23},{"text":"law,","start":1937.23,"end":1937.67},{"text":"arbitrariness","start":1938.23,"end":1939.55},{"text":"would","start":1939.79,"end":1940.03},{"text":"increase,","start":1940.03,"end":1940.99},{"text":"predictability","start":1941.47,"end":1942.91},{"text":"would","start":1943.15,"end":1943.51},{"text":"diminish,","start":1943.51,"end":1944.19},{"text":"uncertainty","start":1944.67,"end":1945.79},{"text":"would","start":1946.11,"end":1946.39},{"text":"disappear.","start":1946.39,"end":1947.07}]},{"text":"Hopefully, cooperation and coordination through the United Nations and its organs will help us all avoid such a situation.","start":1947.63,"end":1958.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hopefully,","start":1947.63,"end":1948.43},{"text":"cooperation","start":1948.75,"end":1949.55},{"text":"and","start":1949.55,"end":1949.67},{"text":"coordination","start":1949.67,"end":1950.67},{"text":"through","start":1950.67,"end":1950.99},{"text":"the","start":1950.99,"end":1951.11},{"text":"United","start":1951.11,"end":1951.71},{"text":"Nations","start":1951.71,"end":1952.43},{"text":"and","start":1952.67,"end":1952.87},{"text":"its","start":1952.87,"end":1953.15},{"text":"organs","start":1953.15,"end":1953.95},{"text":"will","start":1954.19,"end":1954.59},{"text":"help","start":1954.59,"end":1954.99},{"text":"us","start":1955.07,"end":1955.39},{"text":"all","start":1955.87,"end":1956.19},{"text":"avoid","start":1956.23,"end":1956.83},{"text":"such","start":1956.91,"end":1957.31},{"text":"a","start":1957.31,"end":1957.35},{"text":"situation.","start":1957.35,"end":1958.19}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. President.","start":1958.51,"end":1960.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1958.51,"end":1958.67},{"text":"thank","start":1958.67,"end":1958.99},{"text":"you,","start":1958.99,"end":1959.15},{"text":"Mr.","start":1959.15,"end":1959.47},{"text":"President.","start":1959.47,"end":1960.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Qawi Yusuf","affiliation":"African Institute of International Law","affiliation_full":"African Institute of International Law","group":null,"function":"Founding President"}},{"statement_number":13,"start":1962.39,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=1963","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank Jaa Jaa Abdul Qawi Yusuf for his briefings.","start":1962.39,"end":1965.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1962.39,"end":1962.55},{"text":"thank","start":1962.55,"end":1962.95},{"text":"Jaa","start":1963.35,"end":1963.55},{"text":"Jaa","start":1963.55,"end":1963.63},{"text":"Abdul","start":1963.63,"end":1963.91},{"text":"Qawi","start":1963.91,"end":1964.15},{"text":"Yusuf","start":1964.15,"end":1964.63},{"text":"for","start":1964.87,"end":1965.03},{"text":"his","start":1965.03,"end":1965.19},{"text":"briefings.","start":1965.19,"end":1965.83}]},{"text":"I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of Somalia.","start":1968.31,"end":1973.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1968.31,"end":1968.47},{"text":"shall","start":1968.47,"end":1968.71},{"text":"now","start":1968.71,"end":1968.95},{"text":"make","start":1968.95,"end":1969.27},{"text":"a","start":1969.35,"end":1969.39},{"text":"statement","start":1969.39,"end":1970.07},{"text":"in","start":1970.15,"end":1970.31},{"text":"my","start":1970.31,"end":1970.47},{"text":"capacity","start":1970.47,"end":1971.27},{"text":"as","start":1971.67,"end":1971.79},{"text":"the","start":1971.79,"end":1971.87},{"text":"representative","start":1971.87,"end":1972.71},{"text":"of","start":1972.79,"end":1972.87},{"text":"Somalia.","start":1972.87,"end":1973.51}]},{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, it's a great honor and privilege for Somalia to preside over the high-level open debate at the Security Council today.","start":1976.15,"end":1990.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1976.15,"end":1977.11},{"text":"distinguished","start":1978.39,"end":1978.99},{"text":"delegates,","start":1978.99,"end":1979.67},{"text":"ladies","start":1980.39,"end":1980.75},{"text":"and","start":1980.75,"end":1980.91},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1980.91,"end":1981.51},{"text":"it's","start":1982.63,"end":1982.91},{"text":"a","start":1982.91,"end":1982.95},{"text":"great","start":1982.95,"end":1983.35},{"text":"honor","start":1983.35,"end":1983.75},{"text":"and","start":1983.87,"end":1983.99},{"text":"privilege","start":1983.99,"end":1984.43},{"text":"for","start":1984.43,"end":1984.63},{"text":"Somalia","start":1984.63,"end":1985.19},{"text":"to","start":1985.19,"end":1985.31},{"text":"preside","start":1985.31,"end":1985.99},{"text":"over","start":1986.47,"end":1986.71},{"text":"the","start":1986.71,"end":1986.79},{"text":"high-level","start":1986.79,"end":1987.43},{"text":"open","start":1987.43,"end":1987.79},{"text":"debate","start":1987.79,"end":1988.31},{"text":"at","start":1988.67,"end":1988.75},{"text":"the","start":1988.75,"end":1988.87},{"text":"Security","start":1988.87,"end":1989.31},{"text":"Council","start":1989.31,"end":1989.67},{"text":"today.","start":1989.67,"end":1990.15}]},{"text":"This honor is even more meaningful given that it's the first time Somalia has held the Council's presidency since January of 1972.","start":1991.39,"end":2001.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1991.39,"end":1991.63},{"text":"honor","start":1991.71,"end":1992.11},{"text":"is","start":1992.11,"end":1992.27},{"text":"even","start":1992.35,"end":1992.67},{"text":"more","start":1992.67,"end":1992.99},{"text":"meaningful","start":1992.99,"end":1993.71},{"text":"given","start":1994.19,"end":1994.43},{"text":"that","start":1994.43,"end":1994.59},{"text":"it's","start":1994.59,"end":1994.83},{"text":"the","start":1994.83,"end":1994.91},{"text":"first","start":1994.91,"end":1995.27},{"text":"time","start":1995.27,"end":1995.63},{"text":"Somalia","start":1995.95,"end":1996.43},{"text":"has","start":1996.43,"end":1996.67},{"text":"held","start":1996.67,"end":1997.15},{"text":"the","start":1997.55,"end":1997.67},{"text":"Council's","start":1997.67,"end":1998.23},{"text":"presidency","start":1998.23,"end":1998.95},{"text":"since","start":1999.23,"end":1999.63},{"text":"January","start":1999.63,"end":2000.19},{"text":"of","start":2000.31,"end":2000.39},{"text":"1972.","start":2000.43,"end":2001.47}]},{"text":"I extend my gratitude to the excellencies, the Secretary General, Mr. Antonio Guterres, the Chairperson of African Union, Mr. Mohamed Ali Yusuf, and Judge Abdul Ghawi Yusuf for their briefings.","start":2002.51,"end":2016.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2002.51,"end":2002.71},{"text":"extend","start":2002.71,"end":2003.23},{"text":"my","start":2003.23,"end":2003.39},{"text":"gratitude","start":2003.39,"end":2004.19},{"text":"to","start":2004.91,"end":2004.99},{"text":"the","start":2004.99,"end":2005.11},{"text":"excellencies,","start":2005.11,"end":2006.03},{"text":"the","start":2006.55,"end":2006.63},{"text":"Secretary","start":2006.63,"end":2007.15},{"text":"General,","start":2007.15,"end":2007.71},{"text":"Mr.","start":2008.11,"end":2008.39},{"text":"Antonio","start":2008.39,"end":2008.83},{"text":"Guterres,","start":2008.83,"end":2009.55},{"text":"the","start":2009.95,"end":2010.11},{"text":"Chairperson","start":2010.11,"end":2010.71},{"text":"of","start":2010.71,"end":2010.83},{"text":"African","start":2010.83,"end":2011.39},{"text":"Union,","start":2011.39,"end":2011.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":2012.19,"end":2012.51},{"text":"Mohamed","start":2012.51,"end":2012.91},{"text":"Ali","start":2012.91,"end":2013.11},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":2013.11,"end":2013.55},{"text":"and","start":2014.03,"end":2014.15},{"text":"Judge","start":2014.15,"end":2014.35},{"text":"Abdul","start":2014.35,"end":2014.67},{"text":"Ghawi","start":2014.67,"end":2014.87},{"text":"Yusuf","start":2014.87,"end":2015.31},{"text":"for","start":2015.63,"end":2015.79},{"text":"their","start":2015.79,"end":2015.91},{"text":"briefings.","start":2015.91,"end":2016.67}]},{"text":"Their insights and commitments to upholding the principles of the Charter of the United Nations are deeply valued and are basis for this timely deliberations today.","start":2018.27,"end":2029.79,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":2018.27,"end":2018.43},{"text":"insights","start":2018.43,"end":2019.03},{"text":"and","start":2019.03,"end":2019.15},{"text":"commitments","start":2019.15,"end":2019.95},{"text":"to","start":2020.43,"end":2020.59},{"text":"upholding","start":2020.59,"end":2021.23},{"text":"the","start":2021.23,"end":2021.39},{"text":"principles","start":2021.39,"end":2021.99},{"text":"of","start":2021.99,"end":2022.11},{"text":"the","start":2022.11,"end":2022.19},{"text":"Charter","start":2022.19,"end":2022.67},{"text":"of","start":2022.67,"end":2022.75},{"text":"the","start":2022.75,"end":2022.83},{"text":"United","start":2022.83,"end":2023.19},{"text":"Nations","start":2023.19,"end":2023.71},{"text":"are","start":2024.27,"end":2024.47},{"text":"deeply","start":2024.47,"end":2025.15},{"text":"valued","start":2025.15,"end":2025.67},{"text":"and","start":2026.15,"end":2026.39},{"text":"are","start":2026.39,"end":2026.47},{"text":"basis","start":2026.47,"end":2027.15},{"text":"for","start":2027.31,"end":2027.51},{"text":"this","start":2027.51,"end":2027.71},{"text":"timely","start":2027.71,"end":2028.35},{"text":"deliberations","start":2028.59,"end":2029.39},{"text":"today.","start":2029.39,"end":2029.79}]},{"text":"Excellencies, we meet at significant milestone, the Charter's 80th anniversary.","start":2030.99,"end":2037.71,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":2030.99,"end":2031.87},{"text":"we","start":2032.59,"end":2032.75},{"text":"meet","start":2032.75,"end":2033.03},{"text":"at","start":2033.07,"end":2033.23},{"text":"significant","start":2033.23,"end":2033.95},{"text":"milestone,","start":2033.95,"end":2034.67},{"text":"the","start":2035.47,"end":2035.59},{"text":"Charter's","start":2035.59,"end":2036.19},{"text":"80th","start":2036.35,"end":2036.83},{"text":"anniversary.","start":2036.99,"end":2037.71}]},{"text":"This is time not just for commemoration, but for an honest reflection.","start":2038.67,"end":2042.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2038.67,"end":2038.87},{"text":"is","start":2038.87,"end":2038.99},{"text":"time","start":2038.99,"end":2039.39},{"text":"not","start":2039.39,"end":2039.55},{"text":"just","start":2039.55,"end":2039.91},{"text":"for","start":2039.91,"end":2040.07},{"text":"commemoration,","start":2040.07,"end":2040.91},{"text":"but","start":2041.31,"end":2041.55},{"text":"for","start":2041.55,"end":2041.75},{"text":"an","start":2041.75,"end":2041.87},{"text":"honest","start":2041.87,"end":2042.19},{"text":"reflection.","start":2042.19,"end":2042.83}]},{"text":"This is a time not just for commemoration, but an honest reflection.","start":2044.11,"end":2047.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2044.11,"end":2044.35},{"text":"is","start":2044.35,"end":2044.43},{"text":"a","start":2044.43,"end":2044.47},{"text":"time","start":2044.47,"end":2044.99},{"text":"not","start":2045.39,"end":2045.63},{"text":"just","start":2045.63,"end":2045.87},{"text":"for","start":2045.87,"end":2046.03},{"text":"commemoration,","start":2046.03,"end":2046.67},{"text":"but","start":2046.67,"end":2046.91},{"text":"an","start":2046.91,"end":2047.03},{"text":"honest","start":2047.03,"end":2047.31},{"text":"reflection.","start":2047.31,"end":2047.95}]},{"text":"We must ask ourselves, Are we living up to the vision that shaped this institution?","start":2048.35,"end":2054.47,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2048.35,"end":2048.51},{"text":"must","start":2048.51,"end":2048.87},{"text":"ask","start":2048.91,"end":2049.31},{"text":"ourselves,","start":2049.31,"end":2049.95},{"text":"Are","start":2050.63,"end":2050.87},{"text":"we","start":2050.87,"end":2050.95},{"text":"living","start":2050.95,"end":2051.35},{"text":"up","start":2051.35,"end":2051.51},{"text":"to","start":2051.51,"end":2051.67},{"text":"the","start":2051.67,"end":2051.75},{"text":"vision","start":2051.75,"end":2052.31},{"text":"that","start":2052.63,"end":2052.87},{"text":"shaped","start":2052.87,"end":2053.43},{"text":"this","start":2053.43,"end":2053.67},{"text":"institution?","start":2053.67,"end":2054.47}]},{"text":"Are we upholding the principles intended to promote peace, justice, and human dignity for all?","start":2055.67,"end":2063.03,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":2055.67,"end":2055.83},{"text":"we","start":2055.83,"end":2055.99},{"text":"upholding","start":2055.99,"end":2056.79},{"text":"the","start":2056.95,"end":2057.11},{"text":"principles","start":2057.11,"end":2057.91},{"text":"intended","start":2057.91,"end":2058.63},{"text":"to","start":2058.87,"end":2059.03},{"text":"promote","start":2059.03,"end":2059.51},{"text":"peace,","start":2059.51,"end":2060.07},{"text":"justice,","start":2060.47,"end":2061.19},{"text":"and","start":2061.43,"end":2061.55},{"text":"human","start":2061.55,"end":2061.87},{"text":"dignity","start":2061.87,"end":2062.39},{"text":"for","start":2062.39,"end":2062.63},{"text":"all?","start":2062.63,"end":2063.03}]},{"text":"I think there is a debate to be had here.","start":2064.23,"end":2066.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2064.23,"end":2064.39},{"text":"think","start":2064.39,"end":2064.71},{"text":"there","start":2064.71,"end":2064.87},{"text":"is","start":2064.87,"end":2064.99},{"text":"a","start":2064.99,"end":2065.03},{"text":"debate","start":2065.03,"end":2065.59},{"text":"to","start":2065.91,"end":2066.07},{"text":"be","start":2066.07,"end":2066.23},{"text":"had","start":2066.23,"end":2066.47},{"text":"here.","start":2066.47,"end":2066.87}]},{"text":"In Somalia, we say, \"Hadi admantal lafirin, wihishalidai, beri horomar 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tomorrow.","start":2077.27,"end":2085.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2077.27,"end":2077.51},{"text":"translates","start":2077.51,"end":2078.31},{"text":"as","start":2078.71,"end":2078.79},{"text":"if","start":2078.87,"end":2079.07},{"text":"what","start":2079.07,"end":2079.35},{"text":"happened","start":2079.35,"end":2079.79},{"text":"yesterday","start":2079.79,"end":2080.39},{"text":"is","start":2080.95,"end":2081.11},{"text":"not","start":2081.11,"end":2081.31},{"text":"examined","start":2081.31,"end":2081.95},{"text":"today,","start":2081.95,"end":2082.39},{"text":"there","start":2083.11,"end":2083.27},{"text":"is","start":2083.27,"end":2083.39},{"text":"no","start":2083.43,"end":2083.59},{"text":"progress","start":2083.59,"end":2084.31},{"text":"for","start":2084.55,"end":2084.71},{"text":"tomorrow.","start":2084.71,"end":2085.19}]},{"text":"Somalia is a proud nation of poets.","start":2086.31,"end":2088.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Somalia","start":2086.31,"end":2086.95},{"text":"is","start":2086.95,"end":2087.19},{"text":"a","start":2087.19,"end":2087.27},{"text":"proud","start":2087.27,"end":2087.59},{"text":"nation","start":2087.59,"end":2088.03},{"text":"of","start":2088.03,"end":2088.11},{"text":"poets.","start":2088.11,"end":2088.71}]},{"text":"We turn to our proverbs in moments of reflection.","start":2089.51,"end":2093.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2089.51,"end":2089.67},{"text":"turn","start":2089.67,"end":2089.99},{"text":"to","start":2089.99,"end":2090.15},{"text":"our","start":2090.15,"end":2090.31},{"text":"proverbs","start":2090.31,"end":2091.11},{"text":"in","start":2091.67,"end":2091.83},{"text":"moments","start":2091.83,"end":2092.39},{"text":"of","start":2092.39,"end":2092.55},{"text":"reflection.","start":2092.55,"end":2093.19}]},{"text":"This reminds us that progress is intentional, that only by looking honestly to our past can we correct course and build a better future.","start":2095.03,"end":2105.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2095.03,"end":2095.27},{"text":"reminds","start":2095.27,"end":2095.75},{"text":"us","start":2095.83,"end":2095.99},{"text":"that","start":2095.99,"end":2096.15},{"text":"progress","start":2096.15,"end":2096.95},{"text":"is","start":2097.11,"end":2097.35},{"text":"intentional,","start":2097.35,"end":2098.23},{"text":"that","start":2098.63,"end":2098.87},{"text":"only","start":2098.95,"end":2099.27},{"text":"by","start":2099.27,"end":2099.47},{"text":"looking","start":2099.47,"end":2099.91},{"text":"honestly","start":2099.99,"end":2100.71},{"text":"to","start":2101.19,"end":2101.31},{"text":"our","start":2101.31,"end":2101.51},{"text":"past","start":2101.51,"end":2102.07},{"text":"can","start":2102.15,"end":2102.39},{"text":"we","start":2102.39,"end":2102.55},{"text":"correct","start":2102.55,"end":2103.11},{"text":"course","start":2103.35,"end":2103.91},{"text":"and","start":2104.19,"end":2104.35},{"text":"build","start":2104.35,"end":2104.67},{"text":"a","start":2104.67,"end":2104.71},{"text":"better","start":2104.71,"end":2105.11},{"text":"future.","start":2105.11,"end":2105.59}]},{"text":"For my country and the majority of United Nations member states, the rule of law among nations is not an obstruction.","start":2106.79,"end":2114.55,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2106.79,"end":2106.95},{"text":"my","start":2106.95,"end":2107.11},{"text":"country","start":2107.11,"end":2107.75},{"text":"and","start":2107.91,"end":2108.03},{"text":"the","start":2108.03,"end":2108.11},{"text":"majority","start":2108.11,"end":2108.67},{"text":"of","start":2108.67,"end":2108.75},{"text":"United","start":2108.75,"end":2109.11},{"text":"Nations","start":2109.11,"end":2109.67},{"text":"member","start":2109.75,"end":2110.15},{"text":"states,","start":2110.15,"end":2110.79},{"text":"the","start":2111.43,"end":2111.55},{"text":"rule","start":2111.55,"end":2111.99},{"text":"of","start":2111.99,"end":2112.19},{"text":"law","start":2112.19,"end":2112.35},{"text":"among","start":2112.35,"end":2112.63},{"text":"nations","start":2112.63,"end":2113.27},{"text":"is","start":2113.27,"end":2113.51},{"text":"not","start":2113.51,"end":2113.79},{"text":"an","start":2113.79,"end":2113.87},{"text":"obstruction.","start":2113.87,"end":2114.55}]},{"text":"It safeguards sovereignty, anchors justice, and preserves dignity.","start":2115.75,"end":2120.71,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2115.75,"end":2115.95},{"text":"safeguards","start":2115.95,"end":2116.63},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":2116.63,"end":2117.51},{"text":"anchors","start":2118.07,"end":2118.47},{"text":"justice,","start":2118.47,"end":2119.03},{"text":"and","start":2119.47,"end":2119.59},{"text":"preserves","start":2119.59,"end":2120.15},{"text":"dignity.","start":2120.15,"end":2120.71}]},{"text":"Yet, today, in too many places, the rule of law is under pressure from conflict and weak global adherence to the international agreements.","start":2121.59,"end":2132.63,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":2121.59,"end":2121.99},{"text":"today,","start":2122.55,"end":2123.27},{"text":"in","start":2123.59,"end":2123.75},{"text":"too","start":2123.75,"end":2123.91},{"text":"many","start":2123.91,"end":2124.11},{"text":"places,","start":2124.11,"end":2124.79},{"text":"the","start":2125.11,"end":2125.23},{"text":"rule","start":2125.23,"end":2125.47},{"text":"of","start":2125.47,"end":2125.59},{"text":"law","start":2125.59,"end":2126.03},{"text":"is","start":2126.47,"end":2126.63},{"text":"under","start":2126.63,"end":2126.91},{"text":"pressure","start":2126.91,"end":2127.51},{"text":"from","start":2127.75,"end":2127.99},{"text":"conflict","start":2127.99,"end":2128.71},{"text":"and","start":2129.07,"end":2129.19},{"text":"weak","start":2129.19,"end":2129.59},{"text":"global","start":2129.59,"end":2129.99},{"text":"adherence","start":2129.99,"end":2130.71},{"text":"to","start":2131.11,"end":2131.23},{"text":"the","start":2131.23,"end":2131.31},{"text":"international","start":2131.31,"end":2131.91},{"text":"agreements.","start":2131.91,"end":2132.63}]},{"text":"This is a legal and diplomatic race to the bottom, which risks undermining all achieved international successes in the international development.","start":2133.83,"end":2144.59,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2133.83,"end":2134.11},{"text":"is","start":2134.11,"end":2134.23},{"text":"a","start":2134.23,"end":2134.27},{"text":"legal","start":2134.27,"end":2134.79},{"text":"and","start":2135.11,"end":2135.31},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2135.31,"end":2135.83},{"text":"race","start":2135.83,"end":2136.39},{"text":"to","start":2136.75,"end":2136.87},{"text":"the","start":2136.87,"end":2136.99},{"text":"bottom,","start":2136.99,"end":2137.55},{"text":"which","start":2137.91,"end":2138.19},{"text":"risks","start":2138.27,"end":2138.91},{"text":"undermining","start":2139.23,"end":2140.11},{"text":"all","start":2140.27,"end":2140.59},{"text":"achieved","start":2140.59,"end":2141.23},{"text":"international","start":2141.47,"end":2142.15},{"text":"successes","start":2142.15,"end":2142.91},{"text":"in","start":2143.15,"end":2143.27},{"text":"the","start":2143.27,"end":2143.35},{"text":"international","start":2143.35,"end":2143.91},{"text":"development.","start":2143.91,"end":2144.59}]},{"text":"The UN Charter clearly states, \"We, the people of United Nations, are determined to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained.\"","start":2145.63,"end":2164.55,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2145.63,"end":2145.79},{"text":"UN","start":2145.79,"end":2146.11},{"text":"Charter","start":2146.11,"end":2146.59},{"text":"clearly","start":2146.59,"end":2147.19},{"text":"states,","start":2147.19,"end":2147.79},{"text":"\"We,","start":2148.59,"end":2148.75},{"text":"the","start":2148.83,"end":2148.99},{"text":"people","start":2148.99,"end":2149.55},{"text":"of","start":2149.55,"end":2149.71},{"text":"United","start":2149.71,"end":2150.07},{"text":"Nations,","start":2150.07,"end":2150.67},{"text":"are","start":2151.39,"end":2151.63},{"text":"determined","start":2151.63,"end":2152.43},{"text":"to","start":2152.59,"end":2152.71},{"text":"establish","start":2152.71,"end":2153.39},{"text":"conditions","start":2154.03,"end":2154.75},{"text":"under","start":2154.83,"end":2155.07},{"text":"which","start":2155.07,"end":2155.27},{"text":"justice","start":2155.27,"end":2155.87},{"text":"and","start":2156.27,"end":2156.39},{"text":"respect","start":2156.39,"end":2156.99},{"text":"for","start":2157.23,"end":2157.43},{"text":"the","start":2157.43,"end":2157.55},{"text":"obligations","start":2157.55,"end":2158.43},{"text":"arising","start":2158.83,"end":2159.47},{"text":"from","start":2159.47,"end":2159.71},{"text":"treaties","start":2159.71,"end":2160.35},{"text":"and","start":2160.59,"end":2160.83},{"text":"other","start":2160.83,"end":2161.15},{"text":"sources","start":2161.15,"end":2161.71},{"text":"of","start":2161.95,"end":2162.11},{"text":"international","start":2162.11,"end":2163.15},{"text":"law","start":2163.15,"end":2163.23},{"text":"can","start":2163.55,"end":2163.75},{"text":"be","start":2163.79,"end":2163.95},{"text":"maintained.\"","start":2163.95,"end":2164.55}]},{"text":"This guided noble ambition, born out of destruction of two world wars, must continue to guide us toward peace and prosperity in these uncertain, turbulent times.","start":2165.79,"end":2179.23,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2165.79,"end":2166.03},{"text":"guided","start":2166.03,"end":2166.51},{"text":"noble","start":2166.51,"end":2167.07},{"text":"ambition,","start":2167.31,"end":2167.95},{"text":"born","start":2168.35,"end":2168.75},{"text":"out","start":2168.75,"end":2169.07},{"text":"of","start":2169.23,"end":2169.47},{"text":"destruction","start":2169.47,"end":2170.19},{"text":"of","start":2170.27,"end":2170.43},{"text":"two","start":2170.43,"end":2170.67},{"text":"world","start":2170.67,"end":2170.95},{"text":"wars,","start":2170.95,"end":2171.47},{"text":"must","start":2172.43,"end":2172.83},{"text":"continue","start":2172.83,"end":2173.55},{"text":"to","start":2173.55,"end":2173.71},{"text":"guide","start":2173.71,"end":2174.03},{"text":"us","start":2174.03,"end":2174.35},{"text":"toward","start":2174.51,"end":2174.87},{"text":"peace","start":2174.87,"end":2175.31},{"text":"and","start":2175.35,"end":2175.47},{"text":"prosperity","start":2175.47,"end":2176.27},{"text":"in","start":2176.51,"end":2176.67},{"text":"these","start":2176.67,"end":2176.83},{"text":"uncertain,","start":2176.91,"end":2177.63},{"text":"turbulent","start":2178.19,"end":2178.71},{"text":"times.","start":2178.71,"end":2179.23}]},{"text":"To achieve the aspirations of UN Charter, we must strengthen our resolve on four critical areas.","start":2180.43,"end":2187.71,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":2180.43,"end":2180.59},{"text":"achieve","start":2180.59,"end":2180.99},{"text":"the","start":2180.99,"end":2181.11},{"text":"aspirations","start":2181.11,"end":2181.75},{"text":"of","start":2181.75,"end":2181.87},{"text":"UN","start":2181.87,"end":2182.11},{"text":"Charter,","start":2182.11,"end":2182.59},{"text":"we","start":2183.07,"end":2183.27},{"text":"must","start":2183.27,"end":2183.67},{"text":"strengthen","start":2183.67,"end":2184.27},{"text":"our","start":2184.51,"end":2184.59},{"text":"resolve","start":2184.67,"end":2185.31},{"text":"on","start":2185.95,"end":2186.11},{"text":"four","start":2186.11,"end":2186.59},{"text":"critical","start":2186.59,"end":2187.15},{"text":"areas.","start":2187.15,"end":2187.71}]},{"text":"First, peaceful settlement of disputes.","start":2188.51,"end":2192.43,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2188.51,"end":2188.99},{"text":"peaceful","start":2190.51,"end":2190.91},{"text":"settlement","start":2190.91,"end":2191.55},{"text":"of","start":2191.55,"end":2191.71},{"text":"disputes.","start":2191.71,"end":2192.43}]},{"text":"The Charter is clear.","start":2193.15,"end":2194.43,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2193.15,"end":2193.31},{"text":"Charter","start":2193.31,"end":2193.75},{"text":"is","start":2193.79,"end":2193.95},{"text":"clear.","start":2193.95,"end":2194.43}]},{"text":"States must resolve their differences by peaceful means.","start":2195.11,"end":2200.15,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":2195.11,"end":2195.83},{"text":"must","start":2195.83,"end":2196.11},{"text":"resolve","start":2196.11,"end":2196.63},{"text":"their","start":2196.87,"end":2197.27},{"text":"differences","start":2197.51,"end":2198.39},{"text":"by","start":2198.79,"end":2199.11},{"text":"peaceful","start":2199.11,"end":2199.59},{"text":"means.","start":2199.59,"end":2200.15}]},{"text":"Peace is more than absence of war.","start":2201.03,"end":2203.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Peace","start":2201.03,"end":2201.59},{"text":"is","start":2201.67,"end":2201.91},{"text":"more","start":2201.91,"end":2202.23},{"text":"than","start":2202.23,"end":2202.47},{"text":"absence","start":2202.55,"end":2203.11},{"text":"of","start":2203.11,"end":2203.19},{"text":"war.","start":2203.19,"end":2203.67}]},{"text":"It demands lasting solutions built on trust in the legal institutions.","start":2204.07,"end":2209.99,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2204.07,"end":2204.19},{"text":"demands","start":2204.19,"end":2204.87},{"text":"lasting","start":2205.27,"end":2205.83},{"text":"solutions","start":2205.83,"end":2206.63},{"text":"built","start":2206.87,"end":2207.35},{"text":"on","start":2207.43,"end":2207.59},{"text":"trust","start":2207.59,"end":2208.07},{"text":"in","start":2208.47,"end":2208.63},{"text":"the","start":2208.63,"end":2208.71},{"text":"legal","start":2208.71,"end":2209.03},{"text":"institutions.","start":2209.03,"end":2209.99}]},{"text":"Across the world, we have witnessed nations opting for courts, not arms, to resolve disputes.","start":2211.31,"end":2219.91,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Across","start":2211.31,"end":2211.67},{"text":"the","start":2211.67,"end":2211.79},{"text":"world,","start":2211.79,"end":2212.31},{"text":"we","start":2212.39,"end":2212.55},{"text":"have","start":2212.55,"end":2212.71},{"text":"witnessed","start":2212.71,"end":2213.19},{"text":"nations","start":2213.67,"end":2214.19},{"text":"opting","start":2214.23,"end":2214.67},{"text":"for","start":2215.11,"end":2215.35},{"text":"courts,","start":2215.35,"end":2215.99},{"text":"not","start":2216.39,"end":2216.63},{"text":"arms,","start":2216.63,"end":2217.27},{"text":"to","start":2218.31,"end":2218.47},{"text":"resolve","start":2218.47,"end":2219.03},{"text":"disputes.","start":2219.11,"end":2219.91}]},{"text":"Every legal pathway must be utilized to prevent conflict and injustices from escalating.","start":2220.87,"end":2228.83,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Every","start":2220.87,"end":2221.23},{"text":"legal","start":2221.23,"end":2221.59},{"text":"pathway","start":2221.59,"end":2222.23},{"text":"must","start":2222.47,"end":2222.79},{"text":"be","start":2222.79,"end":2222.87},{"text":"utilized","start":2222.87,"end":2223.71},{"text":"to","start":2224.67,"end":2225.15},{"text":"prevent","start":2225.23,"end":2225.87},{"text":"conflict","start":2225.87,"end":2226.47},{"text":"and","start":2226.83,"end":2226.99},{"text":"injustices","start":2226.99,"end":2227.95},{"text":"from","start":2227.95,"end":2228.19},{"text":"escalating.","start":2228.19,"end":2228.83}]},{"text":"Second, respecting for sovereignty and territorial integrity.","start":2229.79,"end":2234.19,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":2229.79,"end":2230.43},{"text":"respecting","start":2231.31,"end":2231.87},{"text":"for","start":2231.87,"end":2232.03},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2232.03,"end":2232.75},{"text":"and","start":2232.87,"end":2233.03},{"text":"territorial","start":2233.03,"end":2233.55},{"text":"integrity.","start":2233.55,"end":2234.19}]},{"text":"When borders are unilaterally altered through the use of force, the very architecture of the international legal order is threatened.","start":2235.11,"end":2243.47,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2244.59,"end":2244.91},{"text":"undermines","start":2244.91,"end":2245.63},{"text":"the","start":2245.63,"end":2245.79},{"text":"collective","start":2245.79,"end":2246.27},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2246.27,"end":2246.91},{"text":"and","start":2247.27,"end":2247.39},{"text":"security","start":2247.39,"end":2248.11},{"text":"of","start":2248.11,"end":2248.35},{"text":"all","start":2248.35,"end":2248.59},{"text":"states.","start":2248.59,"end":2249.23}]},{"text":"This principle enshrined in Article 2, Chapter 4 of the United Nations Charter and further affirmed in the 1970 Declaration on Friendly Relations finds its most profound regional expression in the Constitutive Act of the African Union.","start":2250.43,"end":2268.83,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2250.43,"end":2250.67},{"text":"principle","start":2250.67,"end":2251.39},{"text":"enshrined","start":2251.55,"end":2252.27},{"text":"in","start":2252.27,"end":2252.43},{"text":"Article","start":2252.43,"end":2252.91},{"text":"2,","start":2252.91,"end":2253.31},{"text":"Chapter","start":2253.55,"end":2253.95},{"text":"4","start":2253.95,"end":2254.35},{"text":"of","start":2254.35,"end":2254.55},{"text":"the","start":2254.55,"end":2254.63},{"text":"United","start":2254.63,"end":2254.99},{"text":"Nations","start":2254.99,"end":2255.27},{"text":"Charter","start":2255.27,"end":2255.71},{"text":"and","start":2256.27,"end":2256.43},{"text":"further","start":2256.43,"end":2256.91},{"text":"affirmed","start":2256.91,"end":2257.47},{"text":"in","start":2258.19,"end":2258.31},{"text":"the","start":2258.31,"end":2258.43},{"text":"1970","start":2258.43,"end":2259.35},{"text":"Declaration","start":2259.39,"end":2260.35},{"text":"on","start":2260.99,"end":2261.15},{"text":"Friendly","start":2261.15,"end":2261.71},{"text":"Relations","start":2261.71,"end":2262.51},{"text":"finds","start":2262.75,"end":2263.11},{"text":"its","start":2263.11,"end":2263.31},{"text":"most","start":2263.31,"end":2263.59},{"text":"profound","start":2263.59,"end":2264.31},{"text":"regional","start":2264.67,"end":2265.07},{"text":"expression","start":2265.07,"end":2265.79},{"text":"in","start":2266.11,"end":2266.23},{"text":"the","start":2266.23,"end":2266.31},{"text":"Constitutive","start":2266.31,"end":2267.15},{"text":"Act","start":2267.15,"end":2267.47},{"text":"of","start":2267.79,"end":2267.95},{"text":"the","start":2267.99,"end":2268.07},{"text":"African","start":2268.07,"end":2268.47},{"text":"Union.","start":2268.47,"end":2268.83}]},{"text":"In particular, for post-colonial states, it's a fundamental legal reality.","start":2269.55,"end":2274.99,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2269.55,"end":2269.71},{"text":"particular,","start":2269.71,"end":2270.43},{"text":"for","start":2271.07,"end":2271.31},{"text":"post-colonial","start":2271.31,"end":2272.03},{"text":"states,","start":2272.03,"end":2272.59},{"text":"it's","start":2272.83,"end":2273.07},{"text":"a","start":2273.07,"end":2273.15},{"text":"fundamental","start":2273.15,"end":2274.07},{"text":"legal","start":2274.07,"end":2274.47},{"text":"reality.","start":2274.47,"end":2274.99}]},{"text":"We maintain that global stability and prevention of conflict depend entirely upon the rigorous and consistent application of this principle without exception or selective interpretation.","start":2275.99,"end":2289.27,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2275.99,"end":2276.15},{"text":"maintain","start":2276.15,"end":2276.71},{"text":"that","start":2276.71,"end":2276.95},{"text":"global","start":2276.95,"end":2277.35},{"text":"stability","start":2277.35,"end":2278.15},{"text":"and","start":2278.27,"end":2278.39},{"text":"prevention","start":2278.39,"end":2278.99},{"text":"of","start":2278.99,"end":2279.11},{"text":"conflict","start":2279.11,"end":2279.75},{"text":"depend","start":2280.15,"end":2280.63},{"text":"entirely","start":2280.63,"end":2281.51},{"text":"upon","start":2281.83,"end":2282.15},{"text":"the","start":2282.15,"end":2282.23},{"text":"rigorous","start":2282.23,"end":2282.87},{"text":"and","start":2282.87,"end":2283.03},{"text":"consistent","start":2283.03,"end":2283.71},{"text":"application","start":2283.71,"end":2284.39},{"text":"of","start":2284.79,"end":2284.95},{"text":"this","start":2284.95,"end":2285.11},{"text":"principle","start":2285.11,"end":2285.83},{"text":"without","start":2285.99,"end":2286.47},{"text":"exception","start":2286.47,"end":2287.19},{"text":"or","start":2287.59,"end":2287.83},{"text":"selective","start":2287.83,"end":2288.39},{"text":"interpretation.","start":2288.39,"end":2289.27}]},{"text":"Third, equal rights for all people.","start":2290.15,"end":2293.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":2290.15,"end":2290.55},{"text":"equal","start":2291.43,"end":2291.83},{"text":"rights","start":2291.83,"end":2292.31},{"text":"for","start":2292.31,"end":2292.63},{"text":"all","start":2292.63,"end":2292.95},{"text":"people.","start":2292.95,"end":2293.43}]},{"text":"The sovereign equality of states and equal rights of all people are the twin pillars upon which the international system is built.","start":2294.95,"end":2303.11,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2294.95,"end":2295.07},{"text":"sovereign","start":2295.07,"end":2295.47},{"text":"equality","start":2295.47,"end":2295.99},{"text":"of","start":2295.99,"end":2296.15},{"text":"states","start":2296.15,"end":2296.71},{"text":"and","start":2297.03,"end":2297.19},{"text":"equal","start":2297.19,"end":2297.55},{"text":"rights","start":2297.55,"end":2297.87},{"text":"of","start":2297.87,"end":2297.99},{"text":"all","start":2298.07,"end":2298.31},{"text":"people","start":2298.31,"end":2298.79},{"text":"are","start":2299.19,"end":2299.27},{"text":"the","start":2299.27,"end":2299.43},{"text":"twin","start":2299.43,"end":2299.75},{"text":"pillars","start":2299.75,"end":2300.39},{"text":"upon","start":2300.79,"end":2301.15},{"text":"which","start":2301.15,"end":2301.43},{"text":"the","start":2301.43,"end":2301.55},{"text":"international","start":2301.55,"end":2302.15},{"text":"system","start":2302.15,"end":2302.55},{"text":"is","start":2302.55,"end":2302.67},{"text":"built.","start":2302.67,"end":2303.11}]},{"text":"As affirmed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, all human beings possesses an inherent dignity that admits no hierarchy, distinction, or exception.","start":2304.39,"end":2320.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2304.39,"end":2304.51},{"text":"affirmed","start":2304.51,"end":2304.99},{"text":"by","start":2304.99,"end":2305.15},{"text":"the","start":2305.15,"end":2305.27},{"text":"Universal","start":2305.27,"end":2305.71},{"text":"Declaration","start":2305.71,"end":2306.35},{"text":"of","start":2306.35,"end":2306.43},{"text":"Human","start":2306.43,"end":2306.71},{"text":"Rights","start":2306.71,"end":2307.23},{"text":"and","start":2307.63,"end":2307.79},{"text":"the","start":2307.79,"end":2307.87},{"text":"International","start":2307.87,"end":2308.43},{"text":"Covenant","start":2308.43,"end":2309.07},{"text":"on","start":2309.63,"end":2309.79},{"text":"Civil","start":2309.79,"end":2310.27},{"text":"and","start":2310.35,"end":2310.47},{"text":"Political","start":2310.47,"end":2310.99},{"text":"Rights,","start":2310.99,"end":2311.39},{"text":"all","start":2311.79,"end":2312.11},{"text":"human","start":2312.11,"end":2312.43},{"text":"beings","start":2312.43,"end":2312.99},{"text":"possesses","start":2313.31,"end":2313.95},{"text":"an","start":2313.95,"end":2314.11},{"text":"inherent","start":2314.11,"end":2314.75},{"text":"dignity","start":2315.39,"end":2316.11},{"text":"that","start":2316.35,"end":2316.67},{"text":"admits","start":2316.75,"end":2317.39},{"text":"no","start":2317.47,"end":2317.79},{"text":"hierarchy,","start":2317.79,"end":2318.51},{"text":"distinction,","start":2318.75,"end":2319.47},{"text":"or","start":2319.47,"end":2319.63},{"text":"exception.","start":2319.63,"end":2320.27}]},{"text":"The rule of law is fundamentally incompatible with a rhetoric that demands entire population or dismisses voices based on creed, religion, or national origin.","start":2321.95,"end":2334.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2321.95,"end":2322.11},{"text":"rule","start":2322.11,"end":2322.31},{"text":"of","start":2322.31,"end":2322.43},{"text":"law","start":2322.43,"end":2322.95},{"text":"is","start":2323.23,"end":2323.39},{"text":"fundamentally","start":2323.39,"end":2324.43},{"text":"incompatible","start":2324.59,"end":2325.63},{"text":"with","start":2325.99,"end":2326.15},{"text":"a","start":2326.15,"end":2326.23},{"text":"rhetoric","start":2326.23,"end":2326.87},{"text":"that","start":2327.19,"end":2327.39},{"text":"demands","start":2327.39,"end":2327.99},{"text":"entire","start":2328.03,"end":2328.47},{"text":"population","start":2328.47,"end":2329.19},{"text":"or","start":2329.51,"end":2329.71},{"text":"dismisses","start":2329.71,"end":2330.55},{"text":"voices","start":2330.87,"end":2331.43},{"text":"based","start":2331.43,"end":2331.83},{"text":"on","start":2331.91,"end":2332.07},{"text":"creed,","start":2332.07,"end":2332.51},{"text":"religion,","start":2332.95,"end":2333.59},{"text":"or","start":2333.91,"end":2334.07},{"text":"national","start":2334.07,"end":2334.51},{"text":"origin.","start":2334.51,"end":2334.95}]},{"text":"Such a conduct constitutes a direct assault on the UN Charter's commitment to international cooperation.","start":2335.83,"end":2343.19,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":2335.83,"end":2336.15},{"text":"a","start":2336.15,"end":2336.19},{"text":"conduct","start":2336.19,"end":2336.79},{"text":"constitutes","start":2337.43,"end":2338.15},{"text":"a","start":2338.31,"end":2338.35},{"text":"direct","start":2338.35,"end":2338.79},{"text":"assault","start":2338.79,"end":2339.27},{"text":"on","start":2339.91,"end":2340.07},{"text":"the","start":2340.07,"end":2340.15},{"text":"UN","start":2340.15,"end":2340.47},{"text":"Charter's","start":2340.47,"end":2341.03},{"text":"commitment","start":2341.03,"end":2341.75},{"text":"to","start":2341.91,"end":2342.03},{"text":"international","start":2342.03,"end":2342.59},{"text":"cooperation.","start":2342.59,"end":2343.19}]},{"text":"The rule of law and the fundamental human rights are indivisible and mutually reinforcing.","start":2343.99,"end":2349.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2343.99,"end":2344.15},{"text":"rule","start":2344.15,"end":2344.39},{"text":"of","start":2344.39,"end":2344.47},{"text":"law","start":2344.47,"end":2344.99},{"text":"and","start":2345.11,"end":2345.23},{"text":"the","start":2345.23,"end":2345.31},{"text":"fundamental","start":2345.31,"end":2345.91},{"text":"human","start":2345.91,"end":2346.23},{"text":"rights","start":2346.23,"end":2346.63},{"text":"are","start":2346.87,"end":2346.99},{"text":"indivisible","start":2347.03,"end":2347.91},{"text":"and","start":2348.39,"end":2348.59},{"text":"mutually","start":2348.59,"end":2349.11},{"text":"reinforcing.","start":2349.11,"end":2349.83}]},{"text":"When dignity of one people is diminished through contempt or a systematic exclusion, the legal framework protecting us all is fractured.","start":2350.59,"end":2360.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":2350.59,"end":2350.87},{"text":"dignity","start":2350.87,"end":2351.35},{"text":"of","start":2351.39,"end":2351.51},{"text":"one","start":2351.51,"end":2351.75},{"text":"people","start":2351.75,"end":2352.15},{"text":"is","start":2352.15,"end":2352.31},{"text":"diminished","start":2352.31,"end":2352.87},{"text":"through","start":2353.19,"end":2353.43},{"text":"contempt","start":2353.43,"end":2354.07},{"text":"or","start":2354.39,"end":2354.59},{"text":"a","start":2354.59,"end":2354.63},{"text":"systematic","start":2354.63,"end":2355.51},{"text":"exclusion,","start":2355.75,"end":2356.63},{"text":"the","start":2356.95,"end":2357.15},{"text":"legal","start":2357.15,"end":2357.43},{"text":"framework","start":2357.43,"end":2358.07},{"text":"protecting","start":2358.07,"end":2358.67},{"text":"us","start":2358.67,"end":2358.87},{"text":"all","start":2358.87,"end":2359.27},{"text":"is","start":2359.43,"end":2359.59},{"text":"fractured.","start":2359.59,"end":2360.15}]},{"text":"True international order cannot exist where equality is treated as a conditional privilege rather than an absolute right.","start":2362.39,"end":2371.67,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"True","start":2362.39,"end":2362.71},{"text":"international","start":2362.71,"end":2363.35},{"text":"order","start":2363.35,"end":2363.75},{"text":"cannot","start":2364.07,"end":2364.47},{"text":"exist","start":2364.47,"end":2365.03},{"text":"where","start":2365.95,"end":2366.19},{"text":"equality","start":2366.23,"end":2367.03},{"text":"is","start":2367.03,"end":2367.19},{"text":"treated","start":2367.19,"end":2367.67},{"text":"as","start":2367.99,"end":2368.15},{"text":"a","start":2368.15,"end":2368.23},{"text":"conditional","start":2368.23,"end":2368.87},{"text":"privilege","start":2368.87,"end":2369.59},{"text":"rather","start":2369.99,"end":2370.39},{"text":"than","start":2370.39,"end":2370.63},{"text":"an","start":2370.67,"end":2370.79},{"text":"absolute","start":2370.79,"end":2371.27},{"text":"right.","start":2371.27,"end":2371.67}]},{"text":"Fourth, the rule of law is the cornerstone of multilateralism.","start":2372.55,"end":2377.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":2372.55,"end":2373.11},{"text":"the","start":2374.15,"end":2374.31},{"text":"rule","start":2374.31,"end":2374.71},{"text":"of","start":2374.71,"end":2374.87},{"text":"law","start":2374.87,"end":2375.15},{"text":"is","start":2375.27,"end":2375.43},{"text":"the","start":2375.43,"end":2375.51},{"text":"cornerstone","start":2375.51,"end":2376.39},{"text":"of","start":2376.43,"end":2376.55},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":2376.55,"end":2377.51}]},{"text":"The challenges we face today transcend borders.","start":2378.67,"end":2382.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2378.67,"end":2378.83},{"text":"challenges","start":2378.83,"end":2379.71},{"text":"we","start":2379.87,"end":2380.03},{"text":"face","start":2380.03,"end":2380.35},{"text":"today","start":2380.35,"end":2380.83},{"text":"transcend","start":2380.83,"end":2381.59},{"text":"borders.","start":2381.63,"end":2382.35}]},{"text":"They demand collective actions anchored in trust and legal obligations.","start":2383.23,"end":2388.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2383.23,"end":2383.39},{"text":"demand","start":2383.39,"end":2383.87},{"text":"collective","start":2383.87,"end":2384.59},{"text":"actions","start":2384.67,"end":2385.31},{"text":"anchored","start":2385.87,"end":2386.35},{"text":"in","start":2386.35,"end":2386.59},{"text":"trust","start":2386.59,"end":2387.07},{"text":"and","start":2387.35,"end":2387.51},{"text":"legal","start":2387.51,"end":2387.79},{"text":"obligations.","start":2387.79,"end":2388.67}]},{"text":"Treaties not honored erode the trust.","start":2389.39,"end":2392.87,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Treaties","start":2389.39,"end":2390.11},{"text":"not","start":2390.27,"end":2390.59},{"text":"honored","start":2390.59,"end":2391.07},{"text":"erode","start":2391.63,"end":2392.19},{"text":"the","start":2392.27,"end":2392.43},{"text":"trust.","start":2392.43,"end":2392.87}]},{"text":"We must support the established international legal systems, which help resolve disputes and restore faith in the global order.","start":2393.55,"end":2403.63,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":2404.59,"end":2405.47},{"text":"The","start":2405.87,"end":2406.03},{"text":"UN","start":2406.03,"end":2406.35},{"text":"Charter","start":2406.35,"end":2406.91},{"text":"provides","start":2406.91,"end":2407.47},{"text":"the","start":2407.47,"end":2407.55},{"text":"international","start":2407.55,"end":2408.15},{"text":"legal","start":2408.15,"end":2408.43},{"text":"architecture","start":2408.43,"end":2409.15},{"text":"to","start":2409.47,"end":2409.63},{"text":"enforce","start":2409.67,"end":2410.35},{"text":"the","start":2410.63,"end":2410.71},{"text":"rule","start":2410.71,"end":2411.15},{"text":"of","start":2411.15,"end":2411.23},{"text":"law,","start":2411.23,"end":2411.43},{"text":"yet","start":2411.63,"end":2411.95},{"text":"we","start":2412.27,"end":2412.43},{"text":"stand","start":2412.43,"end":2412.91},{"text":"at","start":2412.95,"end":2413.07},{"text":"crossroads.","start":2413.07,"end":2413.95}]},{"text":"One path leads to a world where power eclipses principles and justice to reserve for the few.","start":2414.99,"end":2422.35,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":2414.99,"end":2415.31},{"text":"path","start":2415.31,"end":2415.63},{"text":"leads","start":2415.63,"end":2416.03},{"text":"to","start":2416.03,"end":2416.23},{"text":"a","start":2416.23,"end":2416.27},{"text":"world","start":2416.27,"end":2416.79},{"text":"where","start":2417.07,"end":2417.31},{"text":"power","start":2417.31,"end":2417.71},{"text":"eclipses","start":2417.71,"end":2418.39},{"text":"principles","start":2418.83,"end":2419.63},{"text":"and","start":2419.71,"end":2419.91},{"text":"justice","start":2419.91,"end":2420.51},{"text":"to","start":2420.75,"end":2420.87},{"text":"reserve","start":2420.87,"end":2421.39},{"text":"for","start":2421.71,"end":2421.87},{"text":"the","start":2421.87,"end":2421.95},{"text":"few.","start":2421.95,"end":2422.35}]},{"text":"Another path lies the promise of our Charter, a world governed by law where sovereignty is protected and justice within each of all.","start":2423.39,"end":2433.15,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Another","start":2423.39,"end":2423.79},{"text":"path","start":2423.79,"end":2424.11},{"text":"lies","start":2424.11,"end":2424.43},{"text":"the","start":2424.43,"end":2424.51},{"text":"promise","start":2424.51,"end":2425.07},{"text":"of","start":2425.07,"end":2425.23},{"text":"our","start":2425.31,"end":2425.55},{"text":"Charter,","start":2425.55,"end":2426.11},{"text":"a","start":2426.43,"end":2426.47},{"text":"world","start":2426.47,"end":2426.91},{"text":"governed","start":2426.91,"end":2427.39},{"text":"by","start":2427.39,"end":2427.55},{"text":"law","start":2427.55,"end":2428.07},{"text":"where","start":2428.27,"end":2428.51},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2428.51,"end":2429.07},{"text":"is","start":2429.07,"end":2429.23},{"text":"protected","start":2429.23,"end":2429.83},{"text":"and","start":2430.27,"end":2430.43},{"text":"justice","start":2430.43,"end":2430.99},{"text":"within","start":2430.99,"end":2431.87},{"text":"each","start":2432.27,"end":2432.51},{"text":"of","start":2432.63,"end":2432.75},{"text":"all.","start":2432.83,"end":2433.15}]},{"text":"As we look forward to the next eight years, it's crucial to recommit to learning from the yesterdays and acting with a purpose today.","start":2435.23,"end":2444.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2435.23,"end":2435.39},{"text":"we","start":2435.39,"end":2435.55},{"text":"look","start":2435.55,"end":2435.75},{"text":"forward","start":2435.75,"end":2436.23},{"text":"to","start":2436.23,"end":2436.47},{"text":"the","start":2436.47,"end":2436.59},{"text":"next","start":2436.59,"end":2436.99},{"text":"eight","start":2436.99,"end":2437.23},{"text":"years,","start":2437.23,"end":2437.79},{"text":"it's","start":2437.99,"end":2438.27},{"text":"crucial","start":2438.27,"end":2438.91},{"text":"to","start":2439.23,"end":2439.35},{"text":"recommit","start":2439.35,"end":2440.03},{"text":"to","start":2440.43,"end":2440.59},{"text":"learning","start":2440.59,"end":2441.15},{"text":"from","start":2441.15,"end":2441.43},{"text":"the","start":2441.43,"end":2441.51},{"text":"yesterdays","start":2441.51,"end":2442.27},{"text":"and","start":2442.59,"end":2442.83},{"text":"acting","start":2442.83,"end":2443.15},{"text":"with","start":2443.15,"end":2443.35},{"text":"a","start":2443.35,"end":2443.39},{"text":"purpose","start":2443.39,"end":2443.87},{"text":"today.","start":2443.87,"end":2444.27}]},{"text":"Building a world where multilateralism is strengthened, not weakened, and territorial integrity is respected not only in principle but in practice.","start":2445.47,"end":2455.79,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Building","start":2445.47,"end":2445.95},{"text":"a","start":2445.95,"end":2445.99},{"text":"world","start":2445.99,"end":2446.55},{"text":"where","start":2446.63,"end":2446.87},{"text":"multilateralism","start":2446.87,"end":2447.87},{"text":"is","start":2447.87,"end":2447.99},{"text":"strengthened,","start":2447.99,"end":2448.71},{"text":"not","start":2449.07,"end":2449.39},{"text":"weakened,","start":2449.39,"end":2449.91},{"text":"and","start":2450.27,"end":2450.43},{"text":"territorial","start":2450.43,"end":2450.91},{"text":"integrity","start":2450.91,"end":2451.63},{"text":"is","start":2451.71,"end":2451.87},{"text":"respected","start":2451.87,"end":2452.47},{"text":"not","start":2452.91,"end":2453.23},{"text":"only","start":2453.23,"end":2453.63},{"text":"in","start":2453.63,"end":2453.83},{"text":"principle","start":2453.83,"end":2454.51},{"text":"but","start":2454.75,"end":2454.91},{"text":"in","start":2454.91,"end":2455.07},{"text":"practice.","start":2455.07,"end":2455.79}]},{"text":"The Security Council must do more than bear witness.","start":2456.67,"end":2460.51,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2456.67,"end":2456.75},{"text":"Security","start":2456.75,"end":2457.19},{"text":"Council","start":2457.19,"end":2457.71},{"text":"must","start":2458.11,"end":2458.63},{"text":"do","start":2458.63,"end":2458.83},{"text":"more","start":2458.83,"end":2459.23},{"text":"than","start":2459.23,"end":2459.47},{"text":"bear","start":2459.47,"end":2459.87},{"text":"witness.","start":2459.87,"end":2460.51}]},{"text":"We must act as stewards of the rule of law and defenders of multilateralism.","start":2461.47,"end":2466.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2461.47,"end":2461.71},{"text":"must","start":2461.71,"end":2462.07},{"text":"act","start":2462.11,"end":2462.43},{"text":"as","start":2462.47,"end":2462.55},{"text":"stewards","start":2462.55,"end":2463.39},{"text":"of","start":2463.39,"end":2463.55},{"text":"the","start":2463.55,"end":2463.63},{"text":"rule","start":2463.63,"end":2463.83},{"text":"of","start":2463.83,"end":2463.95},{"text":"law","start":2463.95,"end":2464.31},{"text":"and","start":2464.67,"end":2464.87},{"text":"defenders","start":2464.87,"end":2465.55},{"text":"of","start":2465.59,"end":2465.71},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":2465.71,"end":2466.75}]},{"text":"What is needed now is the will to apply them consistently and without double standards.","start":2467.59,"end":2473.71,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":2467.59,"end":2467.87},{"text":"is","start":2467.87,"end":2468.03},{"text":"needed","start":2468.03,"end":2468.39},{"text":"now","start":2468.39,"end":2468.91},{"text":"is","start":2469.23,"end":2469.43},{"text":"the","start":2469.43,"end":2469.55},{"text":"will","start":2469.55,"end":2469.95},{"text":"to","start":2469.95,"end":2470.15},{"text":"apply","start":2470.15,"end":2470.51},{"text":"them","start":2470.51,"end":2470.83},{"text":"consistently","start":2470.83,"end":2471.71},{"text":"and","start":2472.07,"end":2472.19},{"text":"without","start":2472.19,"end":2472.63},{"text":"double","start":2472.63,"end":2473.07},{"text":"standards.","start":2473.07,"end":2473.71}]},{"text":"Somalia's return to this important Council reflects a renewed commitment to the principles that anchor this chapter, this chamber, dialogue over division, law over force, and cooperation over conflict.","start":2474.51,"end":2490.27,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal 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is the real road to global peace, security, and economic prosperity for all nations.","start":2513.83,"end":2520.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2513.83,"end":2514.07},{"text":"is","start":2514.07,"end":2514.19},{"text":"the","start":2514.19,"end":2514.31},{"text":"real","start":2514.31,"end":2514.55},{"text":"road","start":2514.55,"end":2514.87},{"text":"to","start":2514.87,"end":2515.27},{"text":"global","start":2515.27,"end":2515.67},{"text":"peace,","start":2515.67,"end":2516.07},{"text":"security,","start":2516.39,"end":2517.19},{"text":"and","start":2517.43,"end":2517.63},{"text":"economic","start":2517.63,"end":2518.07},{"text":"prosperity","start":2518.07,"end":2518.87},{"text":"for","start":2519.03,"end":2519.39},{"text":"all","start":2519.39,"end":2519.51},{"text":"nations.","start":2519.51,"end":2520.15}]},{"text":"I assume my function as the President of the Security Council.","start":2522.15,"end":2526.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2522.15,"end":2522.31},{"text":"assume","start":2522.31,"end":2522.95},{"text":"my","start":2523.19,"end":2523.43},{"text":"function","start":2523.43,"end":2524.07},{"text":"as","start":2524.15,"end":2524.31},{"text":"the","start":2524.31,"end":2524.39},{"text":"President","start":2524.39,"end":2525.11},{"text":"of","start":2525.43,"end":2525.59},{"text":"the","start":2525.59,"end":2525.67},{"text":"Security","start":2525.67,"end":2526.07},{"text":"Council.","start":2526.07,"end":2526.55}]},{"text":"I now call the representative of the Kingdom of Bahrain for his.","start":2529.19,"end":2535.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2529.19,"end":2529.35},{"text":"now","start":2529.35,"end":2529.75},{"text":"call","start":2530.39,"end":2530.95},{"text":"the","start":2532.07,"end":2532.15},{"text":"representative","start":2532.15,"end":2532.91},{"text":"of","start":2533.43,"end":2533.51},{"text":"the","start":2533.51,"end":2533.63},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2533.63,"end":2534.07},{"text":"of","start":2534.11,"end":2534.23},{"text":"Bahrain","start":2534.23,"end":2534.87},{"text":"for","start":2535.59,"end":2535.75},{"text":"his.","start":2535.75,"end":2535.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":2541.75,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=2542","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, I'd like to begin by welcoming the presidency of Somalia to this public debate.","start":2541.75,"end":2552.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2541.75,"end":2542.43},{"text":"President,","start":2542.43,"end":2543.07},{"text":"I'd","start":2543.15,"end":2543.39},{"text":"like","start":2543.39,"end":2543.63},{"text":"to","start":2543.63,"end":2544.11},{"text":"begin","start":2544.11,"end":2544.59},{"text":"by","start":2544.59,"end":2544.91},{"text":"welcoming","start":2546.59,"end":2547.31},{"text":"the","start":2547.31,"end":2547.43},{"text":"presidency","start":2547.95,"end":2548.55},{"text":"of","start":2548.55,"end":2548.67},{"text":"Somalia","start":2548.67,"end":2549.39},{"text":"to","start":2550.11,"end":2550.31},{"text":"this","start":2550.31,"end":2550.67},{"text":"public","start":2550.83,"end":2551.39},{"text":"debate.","start":2551.47,"end":2552.11}]},{"text":"And I also would like to thank His Excellency Mr. Antonio Guterres, Secretary General of the United Nations, as well as Mr. Mahmoud Ali Yusuf, AU Commission Chairperson, as well as Judge Abdul Kawi Yusuf, from the International African Institute for International Law.","start":2552.71,"end":2572.47,"topics":[{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2552.71,"end":2552.99},{"text":"I","start":2553.15,"end":2553.19},{"text":"also","start":2553.19,"end":2553.59},{"text":"would","start":2553.59,"end":2553.71},{"text":"like","start":2553.71,"end":2553.87},{"text":"to","start":2553.87,"end":2554.11},{"text":"thank","start":2554.11,"end":2554.43},{"text":"His","start":2554.43,"end":2554.59},{"text":"Excellency","start":2554.59,"end":2555.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":2555.07,"end":2555.39},{"text":"Antonio","start":2555.39,"end":2555.95},{"text":"Guterres,","start":2555.95,"end":2556.71},{"text":"Secretary","start":2556.71,"end":2557.11},{"text":"General","start":2557.11,"end":2557.43},{"text":"of","start":2557.43,"end":2557.51},{"text":"the","start":2557.51,"end":2557.59},{"text":"United","start":2557.59,"end":2557.99},{"text":"Nations,","start":2557.99,"end":2558.59},{"text":"as","start":2558.83,"end":2558.99},{"text":"well","start":2558.99,"end":2559.15},{"text":"as","start":2559.15,"end":2559.31},{"text":"Mr.","start":2559.55,"end":2559.95},{"text":"Mahmoud","start":2560.11,"end":2560.59},{"text":"Ali","start":2560.59,"end":2560.79},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":2560.79,"end":2561.31},{"text":"AU","start":2562.03,"end":2562.11},{"text":"Commission","start":2562.19,"end":2562.83},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":2562.83,"end":2563.63},{"text":"as","start":2563.95,"end":2564.27},{"text":"well","start":2564.27,"end":2564.67},{"text":"as","start":2564.67,"end":2565.07},{"text":"Judge","start":2565.07,"end":2565.47},{"text":"Abdul","start":2565.47,"end":2566.11},{"text":"Kawi","start":2566.11,"end":2566.67},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":2566.67,"end":2567.31},{"text":"from","start":2568.55,"end":2568.87},{"text":"the","start":2568.87,"end":2568.99},{"text":"International","start":2569.59,"end":2570.31},{"text":"African","start":2570.39,"end":2570.95},{"text":"Institute","start":2570.95,"end":2571.51},{"text":"for","start":2571.51,"end":2571.63},{"text":"International","start":2571.63,"end":2572.39},{"text":"Law.","start":2572.39,"end":2572.47}]},{"text":"I thank them for their precious comments, which are adding to our discussion.","start":2572.47,"end":2577.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2572.47,"end":2572.55},{"text":"thank","start":2572.55,"end":2572.79},{"text":"them","start":2572.79,"end":2573.03},{"text":"for","start":2573.03,"end":2573.35},{"text":"their","start":2573.35,"end":2573.67},{"text":"precious","start":2574.15,"end":2574.55},{"text":"comments,","start":2574.55,"end":2575.19},{"text":"which","start":2575.19,"end":2575.51},{"text":"are","start":2575.51,"end":2575.75},{"text":"adding","start":2575.75,"end":2576.15},{"text":"to","start":2576.15,"end":2576.47},{"text":"our","start":2576.87,"end":2576.95},{"text":"discussion.","start":2576.95,"end":2577.67}]},{"text":"The international community is going through an increase in security challenges, the intensification of armed conflicts, and a lack of trust with regard to multilateral mechanisms.","start":2578.55,"end":2589.59,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2578.55,"end":2578.67},{"text":"international","start":2578.67,"end":2579.27},{"text":"community","start":2579.27,"end":2579.83},{"text":"is","start":2579.83,"end":2579.99},{"text":"going","start":2579.99,"end":2580.31},{"text":"through","start":2580.31,"end":2580.79},{"text":"an","start":2581.23,"end":2581.43},{"text":"increase","start":2581.43,"end":2582.07},{"text":"in","start":2582.07,"end":2582.39},{"text":"security","start":2582.39,"end":2583.43},{"text":"challenges,","start":2583.67,"end":2584.31},{"text":"the","start":2584.31,"end":2584.39},{"text":"intensification","start":2584.39,"end":2585.23},{"text":"of","start":2585.23,"end":2585.35},{"text":"armed","start":2585.35,"end":2585.59},{"text":"conflicts,","start":2585.59,"end":2586.31},{"text":"and","start":2586.55,"end":2586.79},{"text":"a","start":2586.79,"end":2586.83},{"text":"lack","start":2586.83,"end":2587.03},{"text":"of","start":2587.03,"end":2587.11},{"text":"trust","start":2587.11,"end":2587.47},{"text":"with","start":2587.47,"end":2587.63},{"text":"regard","start":2587.63,"end":2587.95},{"text":"to","start":2587.95,"end":2588.11},{"text":"multilateral","start":2588.11,"end":2588.71},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":2588.71,"end":2589.59}]},{"text":"International order is therefore subject to unprecedented pressures which is threatening global peace and stability, the very foundations of it.","start":2589.91,"end":2599.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"International","start":2589.91,"end":2590.63},{"text":"order","start":2590.63,"end":2591.03},{"text":"is","start":2591.03,"end":2591.19},{"text":"therefore","start":2591.19,"end":2591.67},{"text":"subject","start":2591.91,"end":2592.51},{"text":"to","start":2592.51,"end":2592.63},{"text":"unprecedented","start":2592.63,"end":2593.51},{"text":"pressures","start":2594.35,"end":2594.91},{"text":"which","start":2594.91,"end":2595.23},{"text":"is","start":2595.23,"end":2595.55},{"text":"threatening","start":2595.55,"end":2596.11},{"text":"global","start":2596.71,"end":2597.07},{"text":"peace","start":2597.07,"end":2597.39},{"text":"and","start":2597.39,"end":2597.51},{"text":"stability,","start":2597.51,"end":2598.11},{"text":"the","start":2598.11,"end":2598.19},{"text":"very","start":2598.19,"end":2598.35},{"text":"foundations","start":2598.35,"end":2599.07},{"text":"of","start":2599.07,"end":2599.15},{"text":"it.","start":2599.15,"end":2599.39}]},{"text":"The international community is now commemorating the 80th anniversary of the adoption of the UN Charter.","start":2599.79,"end":2605.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2599.79,"end":2599.87},{"text":"international","start":2599.87,"end":2600.43},{"text":"community","start":2600.43,"end":2600.99},{"text":"is","start":2600.99,"end":2601.15},{"text":"now","start":2601.15,"end":2601.31},{"text":"commemorating","start":2601.31,"end":2602.03},{"text":"the","start":2602.03,"end":2602.11},{"text":"80th","start":2602.11,"end":2602.43},{"text":"anniversary","start":2602.43,"end":2603.15},{"text":"of","start":2603.15,"end":2603.23},{"text":"the","start":2603.23,"end":2603.35},{"text":"adoption","start":2603.35,"end":2603.83},{"text":"of","start":2603.83,"end":2603.95},{"text":"the","start":2603.95,"end":2604.07},{"text":"UN","start":2604.07,"end":2604.43},{"text":"Charter.","start":2604.43,"end":2605.03}]},{"text":"This occasion does not just represent a symbolic milestone, it also constitutes a renewed opportunity to reaffirm the central and pivotal role of the rule of law as the comprehensive framework regulating relations among states and enables us to entrench the principles of justice, peace and international cooperation.","start":2606.51,"end":2625.59,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2606.51,"end":2606.63},{"text":"occasion","start":2606.63,"end":2607.03},{"text":"does","start":2607.03,"end":2607.23},{"text":"not","start":2607.23,"end":2607.43},{"text":"just","start":2607.43,"end":2607.67},{"text":"represent","start":2607.67,"end":2608.47},{"text":"a","start":2608.47,"end":2608.51},{"text":"symbolic","start":2608.51,"end":2609.19},{"text":"milestone,","start":2609.27,"end":2610.07},{"text":"it","start":2610.31,"end":2610.55},{"text":"also","start":2610.55,"end":2610.91},{"text":"constitutes","start":2610.91,"end":2611.59},{"text":"a","start":2611.59,"end":2611.67},{"text":"renewed","start":2612.15,"end":2612.67},{"text":"opportunity","start":2612.67,"end":2613.43},{"text":"to","start":2613.43,"end":2613.83},{"text":"reaffirm","start":2613.99,"end":2614.55},{"text":"the","start":2614.55,"end":2614.67},{"text":"central","start":2614.67,"end":2615.07},{"text":"and","start":2615.07,"end":2615.19},{"text":"pivotal","start":2615.19,"end":2615.63},{"text":"role","start":2615.63,"end":2615.95},{"text":"of","start":2615.95,"end":2616.03},{"text":"the","start":2616.03,"end":2616.15},{"text":"rule","start":2616.15,"end":2616.31},{"text":"of","start":2616.35,"end":2616.43},{"text":"law","start":2616.43,"end":2616.79},{"text":"as","start":2617.03,"end":2617.11},{"text":"the","start":2617.11,"end":2617.27},{"text":"comprehensive","start":2617.27,"end":2617.95},{"text":"framework","start":2617.95,"end":2618.63},{"text":"regulating","start":2619.11,"end":2619.75},{"text":"relations","start":2619.75,"end":2620.23},{"text":"among","start":2620.23,"end":2620.55},{"text":"states","start":2620.55,"end":2621.11},{"text":"and","start":2621.35,"end":2621.55},{"text":"enables","start":2621.55,"end":2621.99},{"text":"us","start":2621.99,"end":2622.15},{"text":"to","start":2622.15,"end":2622.27},{"text":"entrench","start":2622.27,"end":2622.67},{"text":"the","start":2622.67,"end":2622.79},{"text":"principles","start":2622.79,"end":2623.31},{"text":"of","start":2623.31,"end":2623.43},{"text":"justice,","start":2623.43,"end":2623.91},{"text":"peace","start":2623.91,"end":2624.15},{"text":"and","start":2624.15,"end":2624.27},{"text":"international","start":2624.27,"end":2624.79},{"text":"cooperation.","start":2624.79,"end":2625.59}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of Bahrain firmly believes that the rule of law, nationally and internationally, is a cornerstone of the preservation of international peace and security, in accordance with the provisions of the UN Charter with regard to the respect for sovereignty, non interference in the internal affairs of states and the peaceful settlement of disputes.","start":2625.99,"end":2648.23,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2625.99,"end":2626.07},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2626.07,"end":2626.43},{"text":"of","start":2626.43,"end":2626.55},{"text":"Bahrain","start":2626.55,"end":2627.11},{"text":"firmly","start":2628.39,"end":2628.71},{"text":"believes","start":2628.71,"end":2629.27},{"text":"that","start":2629.43,"end":2629.91},{"text":"the","start":2630.47,"end":2630.59},{"text":"rule","start":2630.59,"end":2630.79},{"text":"of","start":2630.79,"end":2630.87},{"text":"law,","start":2630.87,"end":2631.27},{"text":"nationally","start":2631.35,"end":2631.79},{"text":"and","start":2631.79,"end":2631.91},{"text":"internationally,","start":2631.91,"end":2632.63},{"text":"is","start":2632.63,"end":2632.79},{"text":"a","start":2632.79,"end":2632.87},{"text":"cornerstone","start":2632.87,"end":2633.63},{"text":"of","start":2633.63,"end":2633.71},{"text":"the","start":2633.71,"end":2633.79},{"text":"preservation","start":2633.79,"end":2634.35},{"text":"of","start":2634.35,"end":2634.47},{"text":"international","start":2634.47,"end":2635.03},{"text":"peace","start":2635.03,"end":2635.27},{"text":"and","start":2635.27,"end":2635.39},{"text":"security,","start":2635.39,"end":2636.07},{"text":"in","start":2636.23,"end":2636.43},{"text":"accordance","start":2636.43,"end":2636.95},{"text":"with","start":2636.95,"end":2637.31},{"text":"the","start":2637.31,"end":2637.39},{"text":"provisions","start":2637.95,"end":2638.55},{"text":"of","start":2638.55,"end":2638.63},{"text":"the","start":2638.63,"end":2638.75},{"text":"UN","start":2638.75,"end":2639.11},{"text":"Charter","start":2639.11,"end":2639.51},{"text":"with","start":2639.51,"end":2639.67},{"text":"regard","start":2639.67,"end":2639.99},{"text":"to","start":2639.99,"end":2640.15},{"text":"the","start":2640.15,"end":2640.27},{"text":"respect","start":2640.27,"end":2640.71},{"text":"for","start":2640.71,"end":2640.87},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":2640.87,"end":2641.59},{"text":"non","start":2641.83,"end":2642.07},{"text":"interference","start":2642.07,"end":2642.95},{"text":"in","start":2642.95,"end":2643.11},{"text":"the","start":2643.11,"end":2643.23},{"text":"internal","start":2643.23,"end":2643.83},{"text":"affairs","start":2643.83,"end":2644.19},{"text":"of","start":2644.19,"end":2644.27},{"text":"states","start":2644.27,"end":2644.95},{"text":"and","start":2644.99,"end":2645.15},{"text":"the","start":2645.15,"end":2645.31},{"text":"peaceful","start":2645.67,"end":2646.23},{"text":"settlement","start":2646.23,"end":2646.79},{"text":"of","start":2647.03,"end":2647.35},{"text":"disputes.","start":2647.43,"end":2648.23}]},{"text":"as well as the good faith implementation of international obligations.","start":2649.75,"end":2653.99,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"as","start":2649.75,"end":2649.99},{"text":"well","start":2649.99,"end":2650.31},{"text":"as","start":2650.31,"end":2650.63},{"text":"the","start":2650.63,"end":2650.79},{"text":"good","start":2650.87,"end":2651.11},{"text":"faith","start":2651.11,"end":2651.59},{"text":"implementation","start":2651.67,"end":2652.43},{"text":"of","start":2652.43,"end":2652.51},{"text":"international","start":2652.51,"end":2653.11},{"text":"obligations.","start":2653.11,"end":2653.99}]},{"text":"This is the true guarantee that will prevent conflicts and promote international stability.","start":2653.99,"end":2658.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2653.99,"end":2654.15},{"text":"is","start":2654.15,"end":2654.31},{"text":"the","start":2654.31,"end":2654.43},{"text":"true","start":2654.43,"end":2654.71},{"text":"guarantee","start":2654.71,"end":2655.35},{"text":"that","start":2655.35,"end":2655.51},{"text":"will","start":2655.51,"end":2655.67},{"text":"prevent","start":2655.67,"end":2656.15},{"text":"conflicts","start":2656.15,"end":2656.79},{"text":"and","start":2656.79,"end":2657.03},{"text":"promote","start":2657.03,"end":2657.39},{"text":"international","start":2657.39,"end":2657.99},{"text":"stability.","start":2657.99,"end":2658.63}]},{"text":"Confronting emerging threats to the rule of law requires the adoption of preventive and cooperative strategies at the national, regional and international levels, based on preventive diplomacy, strengthened institutional capacities, as well as consolidating the role of regional organisations in order to address conflicts in their early stages whilst fully respecting the particular circumstances of the states concerned.","start":2659.99,"end":2691.35,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."},{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"Confronting","start":2659.99,"end":2661.03},{"text":"emerging","start":2661.27,"end":2661.91},{"text":"threats","start":2661.91,"end":2662.71},{"text":"to","start":2663.59,"end":2663.91},{"text":"the","start":2663.91,"end":2664.07},{"text":"rule","start":2664.07,"end":2664.31},{"text":"of","start":2664.31,"end":2664.39},{"text":"law","start":2664.39,"end":2664.87},{"text":"requires","start":2665.03,"end":2665.67},{"text":"the","start":2665.67,"end":2665.79},{"text":"adoption","start":2666.07,"end":2666.63},{"text":"of","start":2666.63,"end":2666.87},{"text":"preventive","start":2666.87,"end":2667.59},{"text":"and","start":2667.59,"end":2667.83},{"text":"cooperative","start":2667.83,"end":2668.47},{"text":"strategies","start":2668.47,"end":2669.19},{"text":"at","start":2669.19,"end":2669.35},{"text":"the","start":2669.35,"end":2669.51},{"text":"national,","start":2669.51,"end":2670.23},{"text":"regional","start":2670.23,"end":2670.79},{"text":"and","start":2671.03,"end":2671.23},{"text":"international","start":2671.23,"end":2671.99},{"text":"levels,","start":2671.99,"end":2672.71},{"text":"based","start":2673.27,"end":2673.75},{"text":"on","start":2673.75,"end":2673.91},{"text":"preventive","start":2673.91,"end":2674.39},{"text":"diplomacy,","start":2674.39,"end":2675.19},{"text":"strengthened","start":2675.19,"end":2675.67},{"text":"institutional","start":2676.47,"end":2677.27},{"text":"capacities,","start":2677.27,"end":2678.15},{"text":"as","start":2678.75,"end":2678.87},{"text":"well","start":2678.87,"end":2679.19},{"text":"as","start":2679.27,"end":2679.75},{"text":"consolidating","start":2680.15,"end":2680.99},{"text":"the","start":2680.99,"end":2681.11},{"text":"role","start":2681.11,"end":2681.39},{"text":"of","start":2681.39,"end":2681.51},{"text":"regional","start":2681.51,"end":2681.95},{"text":"organisations","start":2681.95,"end":2683.11},{"text":"in","start":2683.35,"end":2683.59},{"text":"order","start":2683.59,"end":2683.83},{"text":"to","start":2683.83,"end":2684.23},{"text":"address","start":2684.39,"end":2684.87},{"text":"conflicts","start":2684.87,"end":2685.51},{"text":"in","start":2685.51,"end":2685.67},{"text":"their","start":2685.67,"end":2685.83},{"text":"early","start":2685.83,"end":2686.15},{"text":"stages","start":2686.15,"end":2686.79},{"text":"whilst","start":2686.79,"end":2687.11},{"text":"fully","start":2687.11,"end":2687.35},{"text":"respecting","start":2687.35,"end":2688.15},{"text":"the","start":2688.39,"end":2688.51},{"text":"particular","start":2688.87,"end":2689.43},{"text":"circumstances","start":2689.43,"end":2690.15},{"text":"of","start":2690.15,"end":2690.23},{"text":"the","start":2690.23,"end":2690.35},{"text":"states","start":2690.35,"end":2690.71},{"text":"concerned.","start":2690.71,"end":2691.35}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of Bahrain shares the responsibility with all Member States and members of the Council within the framework of the Council to uphold the rule of law in a consistent, impartial manner in accordance with the UN Charter.","start":2691.59,"end":2704.11,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2691.59,"end":2691.67},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2691.67,"end":2691.99},{"text":"of","start":2691.99,"end":2692.07},{"text":"Bahrain","start":2692.07,"end":2692.63},{"text":"shares","start":2692.63,"end":2693.11},{"text":"the","start":2693.11,"end":2693.31},{"text":"responsibility","start":2694.47,"end":2695.19},{"text":"with","start":2695.19,"end":2695.39},{"text":"all","start":2695.39,"end":2695.67},{"text":"Member","start":2695.83,"end":2696.15},{"text":"States","start":2696.15,"end":2696.51},{"text":"and","start":2696.51,"end":2696.63},{"text":"members","start":2696.63,"end":2696.91},{"text":"of","start":2696.91,"end":2696.99},{"text":"the","start":2696.99,"end":2697.07},{"text":"Council","start":2697.07,"end":2697.67},{"text":"within","start":2697.99,"end":2698.31},{"text":"the","start":2698.31,"end":2698.39},{"text":"framework","start":2698.39,"end":2698.79},{"text":"of","start":2698.79,"end":2698.87},{"text":"the","start":2698.87,"end":2698.95},{"text":"Council","start":2698.95,"end":2699.35},{"text":"to","start":2699.35,"end":2699.47},{"text":"uphold","start":2699.47,"end":2699.87},{"text":"the","start":2699.87,"end":2699.95},{"text":"rule","start":2699.95,"end":2700.15},{"text":"of","start":2700.15,"end":2700.23},{"text":"law","start":2700.23,"end":2700.47},{"text":"in","start":2700.47,"end":2700.67},{"text":"a","start":2700.67,"end":2700.71},{"text":"consistent,","start":2700.71,"end":2701.51},{"text":"impartial","start":2701.67,"end":2702.15},{"text":"manner","start":2702.15,"end":2702.55},{"text":"in","start":2702.55,"end":2702.67},{"text":"accordance","start":2702.67,"end":2703.11},{"text":"with","start":2703.11,"end":2703.23},{"text":"the","start":2703.23,"end":2703.31},{"text":"UN","start":2703.31,"end":2703.59},{"text":"Charter.","start":2703.59,"end":2704.11}]},{"text":"My country believes in the peaceful settlement of disputes, including mediation, good offices and judicial mechanisms.","start":2704.71,"end":2714.71,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2762.35,"end":2762.63},{"text":"President,","start":2762.63,"end":2763.15},{"text":"in","start":2763.15,"end":2763.71},{"text":"conclusion,","start":2763.95,"end":2764.75},{"text":"my","start":2765.07,"end":2765.39},{"text":"country","start":2765.47,"end":2766.11},{"text":"believes","start":2766.11,"end":2766.51},{"text":"that","start":2766.51,"end":2766.75},{"text":"the","start":2766.75,"end":2767.03},{"text":"rule","start":2767.03,"end":2767.39},{"text":"of","start":2767.39,"end":2767.55},{"text":"law","start":2767.55,"end":2767.95},{"text":"cannot","start":2767.95,"end":2768.39},{"text":"be","start":2768.43,"end":2768.91},{"text":"fragmented","start":2768.91,"end":2769.71},{"text":"or","start":2769.71,"end":2770.19},{"text":"applied","start":2770.19,"end":2770.67},{"text":"selectively.","start":2770.67,"end":2771.47}]},{"text":"The rule of law must be respected and applied by all without exception.","start":2772.27,"end":2776.51,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2772.27,"end":2772.43},{"text":"rule","start":2772.43,"end":2772.63},{"text":"of","start":2772.63,"end":2772.75},{"text":"law","start":2772.75,"end":2772.99},{"text":"must","start":2773.07,"end":2773.31},{"text":"be","start":2773.31,"end":2773.55},{"text":"respected","start":2773.55,"end":2774.35},{"text":"and","start":2774.35,"end":2774.55},{"text":"applied","start":2774.55,"end":2774.91},{"text":"by","start":2774.91,"end":2775.15},{"text":"all","start":2775.15,"end":2775.39},{"text":"without","start":2775.39,"end":2775.79},{"text":"exception.","start":2775.79,"end":2776.51}]},{"text":"The Kingdom remains committed to working constructively within this Council and with all partners in order to strengthen the primacy of the rule of law and to support international peace and security on the basis of justice, peace and international cooperation.","start":2776.75,"end":2792.63,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Pakistan.","start":2793.83,"end":2801.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2793.83,"end":2793.91},{"text":"thank","start":2793.91,"end":2794.23},{"text":"the","start":2794.31,"end":2794.43},{"text":"representative","start":2794.47,"end":2795.15},{"text":"of","start":2795.87,"end":2795.95},{"text":"the","start":2795.95,"end":2796.03},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2796.03,"end":2796.47},{"text":"of","start":2796.51,"end":2796.59},{"text":"Bahrain","start":2796.71,"end":2797.35},{"text":"and","start":2798.03,"end":2798.15},{"text":"now","start":2798.15,"end":2798.31},{"text":"give","start":2798.31,"end":2798.51},{"text":"the","start":2798.51,"end":2798.67},{"text":"floor","start":2798.67,"end":2799.11},{"text":"to","start":2799.11,"end":2799.19},{"text":"the","start":2799.23,"end":2799.31},{"text":"representative","start":2799.31,"end":2800.15},{"text":"of","start":2800.47,"end":2800.55},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":2800.55,"end":2801.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":2805.75,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=2806","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, President.","start":2805.75,"end":2806.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2805.75,"end":2805.91},{"text":"you,","start":2805.99,"end":2806.15},{"text":"President.","start":2806.27,"end":2806.87}]},{"text":"We wish to congratulate Somalia for its successful presidency this 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as a continuation of a series of high-level debates around the UN, multilateralism and international law over the last year, including in this Council.","start":2817.27,"end":2832.87,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2852.47,"end":2852.67},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":2852.79,"end":2853.83},{"text":"described","start":2853.83,"end":2854.55},{"text":"rule","start":2854.55,"end":2854.83},{"text":"of","start":2854.83,"end":2854.95},{"text":"law","start":2854.95,"end":2855.27},{"text":"as","start":2855.27,"end":2855.51},{"text":"the","start":2855.51,"end":2855.79},{"text":"beating","start":2855.91,"end":2856.55},{"text":"heart","start":2856.55,"end":2857.11},{"text":"of","start":2857.51,"end":2857.67},{"text":"the","start":2857.67,"end":2857.83},{"text":"UN","start":2857.83,"end":2858.15},{"text":"Charter,","start":2858.15,"end":2858.71},{"text":"and","start":2859.75,"end":2860.15},{"text":"Judge","start":2860.15,"end":2860.43},{"text":"Yusuf","start":2860.43,"end":2860.87},{"text":"urged","start":2860.87,"end":2861.43},{"text":"fully","start":2861.59,"end":2861.99},{"text":"respecting","start":2861.99,"end":2862.79},{"text":"and","start":2862.95,"end":2863.23},{"text":"strengthening","start":2863.23,"end":2863.83},{"text":"it.","start":2863.83,"end":2864.07}]},{"text":"It is therefore obvious that this debate is timely.","start":2865.11,"end":2868.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2865.11,"end":2865.27},{"text":"is","start":2865.27,"end":2865.35},{"text":"therefore","start":2865.35,"end":2865.99},{"text":"obvious","start":2865.99,"end":2866.39},{"text":"that","start":2866.39,"end":2866.63},{"text":"this","start":2866.63,"end":2866.87},{"text":"debate","start":2866.87,"end":2867.51},{"text":"is","start":2867.59,"end":2867.91},{"text":"timely.","start":2867.91,"end":2868.47}]},{"text":"The erosion of respect for international law is increasingly translating into conflict, humanitarian crises, and weakened multilateral cooperation.","start":2869.07,"end":2881.39,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major 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exercise.","start":2882.59,"end":2887.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Reaffirming","start":2882.59,"end":2883.31},{"text":"the","start":2883.31,"end":2883.43},{"text":"international","start":2883.43,"end":2883.95},{"text":"rule","start":2883.95,"end":2884.19},{"text":"of","start":2884.19,"end":2884.27},{"text":"law","start":2884.27,"end":2884.43},{"text":"is","start":2884.43,"end":2884.59},{"text":"therefore","start":2884.59,"end":2884.99},{"text":"not","start":2884.99,"end":2885.27},{"text":"an","start":2885.27,"end":2885.47},{"text":"abstract","start":2885.47,"end":2886.03},{"text":"legal","start":2886.03,"end":2886.35},{"text":"exercise.","start":2886.35,"end":2887.23}]},{"text":"It is a prerequisite for peace, justice, and collective 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that function is compromised, international law risks losing its meaning and compliance can become optional.","start":2905.51,"end":2914.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":2905.51,"end":2905.75},{"text":"that","start":2905.75,"end":2906.07},{"text":"function","start":2906.07,"end":2906.55},{"text":"is","start":2906.55,"end":2906.71},{"text":"compromised,","start":2906.71,"end":2907.75},{"text":"international","start":2908.31,"end":2909.07},{"text":"law","start":2909.07,"end":2909.27},{"text":"risks","start":2909.27,"end":2909.67},{"text":"losing","start":2909.67,"end":2910.15},{"text":"its","start":2910.15,"end":2910.39},{"text":"meaning","start":2910.39,"end":2910.95},{"text":"and","start":2911.51,"end":2911.87},{"text":"compliance","start":2911.87,"end":2912.87},{"text":"can","start":2913.03,"end":2913.27},{"text":"become","start":2913.27,"end":2913.75},{"text":"optional.","start":2913.75,"end":2914.31}]},{"text":"A stable, peaceful, and productive international order can 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Selective","start":2934.11,"end":2934.75},{"text":"application","start":2934.75,"end":2935.47},{"text":"of","start":2935.47,"end":2935.63},{"text":"legal","start":2935.63,"end":2936.03},{"text":"norms,","start":2936.03,"end":2936.67},{"text":"erosion","start":2937.47,"end":2938.03},{"text":"of","start":2938.03,"end":2938.19},{"text":"treaty","start":2938.19,"end":2938.59},{"text":"obligations,","start":2938.59,"end":2939.63},{"text":"and","start":2939.63,"end":2940.03},{"text":"unilateral","start":2940.03,"end":2940.67},{"text":"actions","start":2940.67,"end":2941.15},{"text":"have","start":2941.15,"end":2941.43},{"text":"weakened","start":2941.43,"end":2941.91},{"text":"trust","start":2941.91,"end":2942.43},{"text":"among","start":2942.43,"end":2942.75},{"text":"states","start":2942.75,"end":2943.47},{"text":"and","start":2944.11,"end":2944.39},{"text":"strained","start":2944.39,"end":2945.07},{"text":"the","start":2945.07,"end":2945.23},{"text":"multilateral","start":2945.23,"end":2945.95},{"text":"system","start":2945.95,"end":2946.51},{"text":"anchored","start":2946.51,"end":2947.15},{"text":"in","start":2947.15,"end":2947.31},{"text":"the","start":2947.31,"end":2947.39},{"text":"UN","start":2947.39,"end":2947.71},{"text":"Charter.","start":2947.71,"end":2948.19}]},{"text":"When law yields to power or expediency, instability deepens.","start":2949.23,"end":2954.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":2949.23,"end":2949.47},{"text":"law","start":2949.47,"end":2949.79},{"text":"yields","start":2949.87,"end":2950.27},{"text":"to","start":2950.27,"end":2950.43},{"text":"power","start":2950.43,"end":2950.91},{"text":"or","start":2950.91,"end":2951.07},{"text":"expediency,","start":2951.07,"end":2952.03},{"text":"instability","start":2952.51,"end":2953.39},{"text":"deepens.","start":2953.39,"end":2954.19}]},{"text":"Disputes entrench further and peaceful coexistence is jeopardized.","start":2954.87,"end":2960.55,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Disputes","start":2954.87,"end":2955.59},{"text":"entrench","start":2955.59,"end":2956.23},{"text":"further","start":2956.23,"end":2956.79},{"text":"and","start":2957.51,"end":2957.87},{"text":"peaceful","start":2957.87,"end":2958.39},{"text":"coexistence","start":2958.39,"end":2959.43},{"text":"is","start":2959.51,"end":2959.67},{"text":"jeopardized.","start":2959.67,"end":2960.55}]},{"text":"The core principles of the charter, sovereign equality, non-interference, political independence, and territorial integrity, the prohibition of the threat or use of force, and self-determination are being increasingly challenged.","start":2961.59,"end":2978.47,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Attempts","start":2979.51,"end":2979.99},{"text":"to","start":2979.99,"end":2980.11},{"text":"normalize","start":2980.11,"end":2980.79},{"text":"unilateral","start":2980.79,"end":2981.43},{"text":"actions","start":2981.43,"end":2982.07},{"text":"outside","start":2982.07,"end":2982.51},{"text":"the","start":2982.51,"end":2982.63},{"text":"charter","start":2982.63,"end":2983.19},{"text":"undermine","start":2983.83,"end":2984.55},{"text":"collective","start":2984.55,"end":2985.03},{"text":"security","start":2985.03,"end":2985.75},{"text":"and","start":2986.15,"end":2986.47},{"text":"weaken","start":2986.47,"end":2987.03},{"text":"the","start":2987.03,"end":2987.19},{"text":"credibility","start":2987.19,"end":2988.15},{"text":"of","start":2988.79,"end":2988.95},{"text":"multilateral","start":2988.95,"end":2989.67},{"text":"institutions.","start":2989.67,"end":2990.63}]},{"text":"Pakistan itself has experienced such violations.","start":2991.35,"end":2996.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":2991.35,"end":2992.07},{"text":"itself","start":2992.07,"end":2992.87},{"text":"has","start":2993.91,"end":2994.15},{"text":"experienced","start":2994.15,"end":2995.03},{"text":"such","start":2995.03,"end":2995.35},{"text":"violations.","start":2995.35,"end":2996.23}]},{"text":"Last May, India carried out an unprovoked military aggression in breach of international law and Pakistan's sovereignty.","start":2997.51,"end":3005.35,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Last","start":2997.51,"end":2997.87},{"text":"May,","start":2997.87,"end":2998.23},{"text":"India","start":2998.63,"end":2998.95},{"text":"carried","start":2998.95,"end":2999.35},{"text":"out","start":2999.35,"end":2999.55},{"text":"an","start":2999.55,"end":2999.75},{"text":"unprovoked","start":2999.75,"end":3000.39},{"text":"military","start":3000.39,"end":3000.87},{"text":"aggression","start":3000.87,"end":3001.51},{"text":"in","start":3001.51,"end":3001.67},{"text":"breach","start":3001.67,"end":3002.07},{"text":"of","start":3002.07,"end":3002.23},{"text":"international","start":3002.23,"end":3003.23},{"text":"law","start":3003.23,"end":3003.31},{"text":"and","start":3003.75,"end":3003.95},{"text":"Pakistan's","start":3003.95,"end":3004.67},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":3004.67,"end":3005.35}]},{"text":"Acting in accordance with Article 51 of the Charter, Pakistan exercised its inherent right of self-defense in a responsible, restrained, and proportionate manner.","start":3006.31,"end":3016.71,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Acting","start":3006.31,"end":3006.79},{"text":"in","start":3006.79,"end":3006.87},{"text":"accordance","start":3006.87,"end":3007.39},{"text":"with","start":3007.39,"end":3007.51},{"text":"Article","start":3007.51,"end":3008.07},{"text":"51","start":3008.07,"end":3008.55},{"text":"of","start":3008.55,"end":3008.63},{"text":"the","start":3008.63,"end":3008.75},{"text":"Charter,","start":3008.79,"end":3009.27},{"text":"Pakistan","start":3009.27,"end":3009.87},{"text":"exercised","start":3009.87,"end":3010.63},{"text":"its","start":3010.63,"end":3010.87},{"text":"inherent","start":3010.87,"end":3011.51},{"text":"right","start":3011.51,"end":3011.79},{"text":"of","start":3011.79,"end":3011.91},{"text":"self-defense","start":3011.91,"end":3012.87},{"text":"in","start":3013.51,"end":3013.75},{"text":"a","start":3013.75,"end":3013.79},{"text":"responsible,","start":3013.79,"end":3014.71},{"text":"restrained,","start":3014.71,"end":3015.43},{"text":"and","start":3015.43,"end":3015.55},{"text":"proportionate","start":3015.55,"end":3016.31},{"text":"manner.","start":3016.31,"end":3016.71}]},{"text":"Our response established that there can be no new normal based on coercion or impunity.","start":3017.83,"end":3025.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":3017.83,"end":3018.03},{"text":"response","start":3018.03,"end":3018.87},{"text":"established","start":3019.67,"end":3020.55},{"text":"that","start":3021.03,"end":3021.19},{"text":"there","start":3021.19,"end":3021.43},{"text":"can","start":3021.43,"end":3021.67},{"text":"be","start":3021.67,"end":3021.83},{"text":"no","start":3021.83,"end":3022.07},{"text":"new","start":3022.07,"end":3022.39},{"text":"normal","start":3022.39,"end":3022.87},{"text":"based","start":3023.51,"end":3023.91},{"text":"on","start":3023.91,"end":3024.07},{"text":"coercion","start":3024.07,"end":3024.71},{"text":"or","start":3024.71,"end":3024.95},{"text":"impunity.","start":3024.95,"end":3025.75}]},{"text":"Respect for international law remains the only legitimate norm governing interstate conduct.","start":3027.03,"end":3033.27,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Respect","start":3027.03,"end":3027.51},{"text":"for","start":3027.51,"end":3027.67},{"text":"international","start":3027.67,"end":3028.35},{"text":"law","start":3028.35,"end":3028.47},{"text":"remains","start":3028.47,"end":3028.95},{"text":"the","start":3028.95,"end":3029.07},{"text":"only","start":3029.11,"end":3029.51},{"text":"legitimate","start":3029.51,"end":3030.15},{"text":"norm","start":3030.15,"end":3030.63},{"text":"governing","start":3031.11,"end":3031.83},{"text":"interstate","start":3031.83,"end":3032.63},{"text":"conduct.","start":3032.63,"end":3033.27}]},{"text":"And that conflict also reminded that the root cause of instability In South Asia remains India's illegal occupation of Jammu and Kashmir in gross violation of Security Council resolutions.","start":3034.27,"end":3048.71,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3034.27,"end":3034.39},{"text":"that","start":3034.39,"end":3034.63},{"text":"conflict","start":3034.63,"end":3035.23},{"text":"also","start":3035.23,"end":3035.67},{"text":"reminded","start":3035.67,"end":3036.47},{"text":"that","start":3036.87,"end":3037.03},{"text":"the","start":3037.03,"end":3037.19},{"text":"root","start":3037.19,"end":3037.51},{"text":"cause","start":3037.51,"end":3038.15},{"text":"of","start":3038.31,"end":3038.47},{"text":"instability","start":3038.47,"end":3039.51},{"text":"In","start":3040.23,"end":3040.47},{"text":"South","start":3040.47,"end":3040.79},{"text":"Asia","start":3040.79,"end":3041.35},{"text":"remains","start":3041.51,"end":3042.23},{"text":"India's","start":3042.23,"end":3042.75},{"text":"illegal","start":3042.75,"end":3043.27},{"text":"occupation","start":3043.27,"end":3043.91},{"text":"of","start":3043.91,"end":3043.99},{"text":"Jammu","start":3043.99,"end":3044.27},{"text":"and","start":3044.27,"end":3044.43},{"text":"Kashmir","start":3044.43,"end":3045.03},{"text":"in","start":3045.83,"end":3045.99},{"text":"gross","start":3045.99,"end":3046.39},{"text":"violation","start":3046.39,"end":3046.95},{"text":"of","start":3046.95,"end":3047.03},{"text":"Security","start":3047.03,"end":3047.51},{"text":"Council","start":3047.51,"end":3047.91},{"text":"resolutions.","start":3047.91,"end":3048.71}]},{"text":"The continued denial of the right to self-determination of the Kashmiri people has grave human rights consequences and imperils durable peace in the region.","start":3049.27,"end":3060.87,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3049.27,"end":3049.43},{"text":"continued","start":3049.43,"end":3050.27},{"text":"denial","start":3050.27,"end":3050.95},{"text":"of","start":3051.43,"end":3051.59},{"text":"the","start":3051.59,"end":3051.71},{"text":"right","start":3051.71,"end":3052.03},{"text":"to","start":3052.03,"end":3052.11},{"text":"self-determination","start":3052.11,"end":3053.19},{"text":"of","start":3053.19,"end":3053.35},{"text":"the","start":3053.35,"end":3053.43},{"text":"Kashmiri","start":3053.43,"end":3053.91},{"text":"people","start":3053.91,"end":3054.47},{"text":"has","start":3055.19,"end":3055.43},{"text":"grave","start":3055.43,"end":3055.83},{"text":"human","start":3055.83,"end":3056.23},{"text":"rights","start":3056.23,"end":3056.51},{"text":"consequences","start":3056.51,"end":3057.59},{"text":"and","start":3058.15,"end":3058.51},{"text":"imperils","start":3058.51,"end":3059.27},{"text":"durable","start":3059.35,"end":3059.83},{"text":"peace","start":3059.83,"end":3060.19},{"text":"in","start":3060.19,"end":3060.31},{"text":"the","start":3060.31,"end":3060.43},{"text":"region.","start":3060.43,"end":3060.87}]},{"text":"India's unilateral suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty is another blatant breach of international obligations, threatening the lives and livelihoods of millions and endangering peace and security.","start":3062.15,"end":3075.51,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"India's","start":3062.15,"end":3062.63},{"text":"unilateral","start":3062.63,"end":3063.27},{"text":"suspension","start":3063.27,"end":3063.99},{"text":"of","start":3063.99,"end":3064.07},{"text":"the","start":3064.07,"end":3064.15},{"text":"Indus","start":3064.15,"end":3064.47},{"text":"Waters","start":3064.47,"end":3064.87},{"text":"Treaty","start":3064.87,"end":3065.43},{"text":"is","start":3065.99,"end":3066.39},{"text":"another","start":3066.39,"end":3066.87},{"text":"blatant","start":3066.87,"end":3067.39},{"text":"breach","start":3067.39,"end":3067.83},{"text":"of","start":3067.83,"end":3067.99},{"text":"international","start":3067.99,"end":3068.63},{"text":"obligations,","start":3068.63,"end":3069.51},{"text":"threatening","start":3069.75,"end":3070.31},{"text":"the","start":3070.31,"end":3070.39},{"text":"lives","start":3070.39,"end":3070.79},{"text":"and","start":3070.79,"end":3070.95},{"text":"livelihoods","start":3070.95,"end":3071.71},{"text":"of","start":3071.71,"end":3071.83},{"text":"millions","start":3071.83,"end":3072.55},{"text":"and","start":3073.19,"end":3073.51},{"text":"endangering","start":3073.51,"end":3074.31},{"text":"peace","start":3074.31,"end":3074.59},{"text":"and","start":3074.59,"end":3074.75},{"text":"security.","start":3074.75,"end":3075.51}]},{"text":"Pakistan rejects the weaponization of water and critical natural resources.","start":3076.63,"end":3083.11,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":3076.63,"end":3077.11},{"text":"rejects","start":3077.11,"end":3077.59},{"text":"the","start":3077.59,"end":3077.71},{"text":"weaponization","start":3077.71,"end":3078.63},{"text":"of","start":3078.63,"end":3078.87},{"text":"water","start":3078.87,"end":3079.35},{"text":"and","start":3079.99,"end":3080.47},{"text":"critical","start":3080.55,"end":3081.35},{"text":"natural","start":3081.67,"end":3082.31},{"text":"resources.","start":3082.31,"end":3083.11}]},{"text":"Treaty compliance is a cornerstone of the international legal order.","start":3083.51,"end":3088.23,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Treaty","start":3083.51,"end":3083.91},{"text":"compliance","start":3083.91,"end":3084.79},{"text":"is","start":3085.35,"end":3085.51},{"text":"a","start":3085.51,"end":3085.59},{"text":"cornerstone","start":3085.59,"end":3086.47},{"text":"of","start":3086.47,"end":3086.71},{"text":"the","start":3086.71,"end":3086.79},{"text":"international","start":3086.79,"end":3087.47},{"text":"legal","start":3087.47,"end":3087.83},{"text":"order.","start":3087.83,"end":3088.23}]},{"text":"As a country with unwavering faith in international law and multilateralism, Pakistan is committed to pacific settlement of disputes.","start":3089.31,"end":3097.03,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3089.31,"end":3089.43},{"text":"a","start":3089.43,"end":3089.51},{"text":"country","start":3089.51,"end":3089.99},{"text":"with","start":3089.99,"end":3090.23},{"text":"unwavering","start":3090.23,"end":3090.87},{"text":"faith","start":3090.87,"end":3091.27},{"text":"in","start":3091.27,"end":3091.43},{"text":"international","start":3091.43,"end":3092.11},{"text":"law","start":3092.11,"end":3092.23},{"text":"and","start":3092.23,"end":3092.35},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":3092.35,"end":3093.27},{"text":"Pakistan","start":3093.27,"end":3093.83},{"text":"is","start":3093.83,"end":3093.99},{"text":"committed","start":3093.99,"end":3094.63},{"text":"to","start":3094.71,"end":3094.95},{"text":"pacific","start":3094.95,"end":3095.59},{"text":"settlement","start":3095.59,"end":3096.15},{"text":"of","start":3096.15,"end":3096.23},{"text":"disputes.","start":3096.23,"end":3097.03}]},{"text":"And this was evident when within weeks of defeating the military aggression, Pakistan led the unanimous adoption of resolution 2788 on peaceful settlement of disputes by this council last July, reaffirming the council's collective commitment to dialogue, mediation, judicial settlement and other peaceful means as the first recourse in resolving disputes.","start":3097.67,"end":3124.63,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3097.67,"end":3097.87},{"text":"this","start":3097.87,"end":3097.99},{"text":"was","start":3097.99,"end":3098.31},{"text":"evident","start":3098.31,"end":3098.95},{"text":"when","start":3099.11,"end":3099.35},{"text":"within","start":3099.43,"end":3099.75},{"text":"weeks","start":3099.75,"end":3100.39},{"text":"of","start":3100.47,"end":3100.87},{"text":"defeating","start":3100.87,"end":3101.43},{"text":"the","start":3101.43,"end":3101.55},{"text":"military","start":3101.55,"end":3101.99},{"text":"aggression,","start":3101.99,"end":3102.63},{"text":"Pakistan","start":3103.19,"end":3103.83},{"text":"led","start":3103.83,"end":3104.07},{"text":"the","start":3104.07,"end":3104.19},{"text":"unanimous","start":3104.19,"end":3104.71},{"text":"adoption","start":3104.71,"end":3105.35},{"text":"of","start":3105.35,"end":3105.43},{"text":"resolution","start":3105.43,"end":3106.07},{"text":"2788","start":3106.07,"end":3107.35},{"text":"on","start":3107.99,"end":3108.23},{"text":"peaceful","start":3108.23,"end":3108.71},{"text":"settlement","start":3108.71,"end":3109.19},{"text":"of","start":3109.19,"end":3109.27},{"text":"disputes","start":3109.27,"end":3109.91},{"text":"by","start":3109.91,"end":3110.07},{"text":"this","start":3110.07,"end":3110.39},{"text":"council","start":3110.39,"end":3111.15},{"text":"last","start":3111.15,"end":3111.47},{"text":"July,","start":3111.47,"end":3111.91},{"text":"reaffirming","start":3112.63,"end":3113.51},{"text":"the","start":3113.75,"end":3113.95},{"text":"council's","start":3113.95,"end":3114.55},{"text":"collective","start":3114.55,"end":3115.11},{"text":"commitment","start":3115.11,"end":3115.87},{"text":"to","start":3115.87,"end":3115.99},{"text":"dialogue,","start":3115.99,"end":3116.55},{"text":"mediation,","start":3117.43,"end":3118.23},{"text":"judicial","start":3118.23,"end":3118.79},{"text":"settlement","start":3118.79,"end":3119.51},{"text":"and","start":3119.51,"end":3119.71},{"text":"other","start":3119.75,"end":3120.03},{"text":"peaceful","start":3120.03,"end":3120.47},{"text":"means","start":3120.47,"end":3121.03},{"text":"as","start":3121.03,"end":3121.27},{"text":"the","start":3121.27,"end":3121.43},{"text":"first","start":3121.43,"end":3121.91},{"text":"recourse","start":3121.91,"end":3122.63},{"text":"in","start":3123.11,"end":3123.27},{"text":"resolving","start":3123.27,"end":3123.91},{"text":"disputes.","start":3123.91,"end":3124.63}]},{"text":"President, while some in the West are saying it now, we know that due to double standards and lack of full compliance, the international system has often failed and fallen short of fully benefiting many countries, particularly in the global South.","start":3125.35,"end":3145.35,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":3146.23,"end":3146.79},{"text":"The","start":3147.59,"end":3147.67},{"text":"developing","start":3147.67,"end":3148.19},{"text":"nations","start":3148.19,"end":3148.71},{"text":"have","start":3148.71,"end":3148.87},{"text":"continued","start":3148.87,"end":3149.47},{"text":"to","start":3149.47,"end":3149.59},{"text":"place","start":3149.59,"end":3149.99},{"text":"their","start":3149.99,"end":3150.23},{"text":"faith","start":3150.23,"end":3150.71},{"text":"in","start":3150.79,"end":3150.95},{"text":"the","start":3150.95,"end":3151.11},{"text":"UN","start":3151.11,"end":3151.43},{"text":"Charter","start":3151.43,"end":3151.91},{"text":"and","start":3152.71,"end":3153.19},{"text":"in","start":3153.27,"end":3153.67},{"text":"an","start":3153.67,"end":3153.75},{"text":"equitable","start":3153.75,"end":3154.55},{"text":"and","start":3154.87,"end":3155.11},{"text":"just","start":3155.11,"end":3155.59},{"text":"international","start":3155.59,"end":3156.39},{"text":"order.","start":3156.39,"end":3156.71}]},{"text":"Their aspirations for peace, security, and development must remain central to the evolution of multilateralism and the reform of the United Nations.","start":3157.67,"end":3167.91,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":3157.67,"end":3157.91},{"text":"aspirations","start":3157.91,"end":3158.55},{"text":"for","start":3158.55,"end":3158.71},{"text":"peace,","start":3158.71,"end":3159.23},{"text":"security,","start":3159.23,"end":3159.79},{"text":"and","start":3159.79,"end":3159.95},{"text":"development","start":3159.95,"end":3160.71},{"text":"must","start":3161.43,"end":3161.75},{"text":"remain","start":3161.75,"end":3162.23},{"text":"central","start":3162.23,"end":3162.79},{"text":"to","start":3162.79,"end":3162.87},{"text":"the","start":3162.87,"end":3162.99},{"text":"evolution","start":3163.03,"end":3163.67},{"text":"of","start":3163.67,"end":3163.75},{"text":"multilateralism","start":3163.75,"end":3164.87},{"text":"and","start":3165.51,"end":3165.71},{"text":"the","start":3165.71,"end":3165.79},{"text":"reform","start":3165.79,"end":3166.39},{"text":"of","start":3166.39,"end":3166.63},{"text":"the","start":3166.63,"end":3166.71},{"text":"United","start":3166.71,"end":3167.15},{"text":"Nations.","start":3167.15,"end":3167.91}]},{"text":"A reform towards equality, democracy, and accountability.","start":3169.59,"end":3174.95,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":3169.59,"end":3169.63},{"text":"reform","start":3169.63,"end":3170.15},{"text":"towards","start":3170.95,"end":3171.59},{"text":"equality,","start":3171.59,"end":3172.39},{"text":"democracy,","start":3172.55,"end":3173.51},{"text":"and","start":3173.67,"end":3173.95},{"text":"accountability.","start":3173.95,"end":3174.95}]},{"text":"away from unbridled power and entitlement.","start":3176.27,"end":3180.35,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"away","start":3176.27,"end":3176.67},{"text":"from","start":3176.67,"end":3177.15},{"text":"unbridled","start":3177.15,"end":3178.11},{"text":"power","start":3178.27,"end":3178.75},{"text":"and","start":3179.07,"end":3179.39},{"text":"entitlement.","start":3179.39,"end":3180.35}]},{"text":"Reform for all, privilege for none.","start":3181.07,"end":3184.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Reform","start":3181.07,"end":3181.63},{"text":"for","start":3181.63,"end":3181.87},{"text":"all,","start":3181.87,"end":3182.19},{"text":"privilege","start":3183.23,"end":3183.87},{"text":"for","start":3183.95,"end":3184.11},{"text":"none.","start":3184.11,"end":3184.59}]},{"text":"Reinvigorating the rule of law is essential to restoring that confidence.","start":3185.55,"end":3190.99,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Reinvigorating","start":3185.55,"end":3186.51},{"text":"the","start":3186.51,"end":3186.63},{"text":"rule","start":3186.63,"end":3186.87},{"text":"of","start":3186.87,"end":3186.99},{"text":"law","start":3186.99,"end":3187.39},{"text":"is","start":3187.39,"end":3187.63},{"text":"essential","start":3187.63,"end":3188.35},{"text":"to","start":3189.07,"end":3189.15},{"text":"restoring","start":3189.15,"end":3189.87},{"text":"that","start":3189.87,"end":3190.19},{"text":"confidence.","start":3190.19,"end":3190.99}]},{"text":"President, but not everything is pessimistic, as Judge Yusuf also pointed out.","start":3192.91,"end":3198.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":3192.91,"end":3193.39},{"text":"but","start":3193.51,"end":3193.67},{"text":"not","start":3193.67,"end":3193.95},{"text":"everything","start":3193.95,"end":3194.51},{"text":"is","start":3194.51,"end":3194.83},{"text":"pessimistic,","start":3194.83,"end":3195.63},{"text":"as","start":3195.87,"end":3196.27},{"text":"Judge","start":3196.27,"end":3196.51},{"text":"Yusuf","start":3196.51,"end":3197.07},{"text":"also","start":3197.15,"end":3197.51},{"text":"pointed","start":3197.51,"end":3197.95},{"text":"out.","start":3197.95,"end":3198.27}]},{"text":"Despite geopolitical tensions, the international legal framework remains resilient.","start":3198.59,"end":3203.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":3198.59,"end":3199.23},{"text":"geopolitical","start":3199.23,"end":3200.03},{"text":"tensions,","start":3200.03,"end":3200.51},{"text":"the","start":3200.51,"end":3200.63},{"text":"international","start":3200.63,"end":3201.35},{"text":"legal","start":3201.35,"end":3201.63},{"text":"framework","start":3201.63,"end":3202.19},{"text":"remains","start":3202.19,"end":3202.75},{"text":"resilient.","start":3202.75,"end":3203.47}]},{"text":"The entry into force of the BBNJ agreement and the International Law Commission's work on sea level rise demonstrate the capacity to respond to emerging challenges.","start":3204.59,"end":3215.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3204.59,"end":3204.75},{"text":"entry","start":3204.75,"end":3205.11},{"text":"into","start":3205.11,"end":3205.39},{"text":"force","start":3205.39,"end":3205.87},{"text":"of","start":3205.87,"end":3206.03},{"text":"the","start":3206.03,"end":3206.19},{"text":"BBNJ","start":3206.19,"end":3206.87},{"text":"agreement","start":3206.87,"end":3207.47},{"text":"and","start":3207.55,"end":3207.75},{"text":"the","start":3207.75,"end":3207.83},{"text":"International","start":3207.83,"end":3208.47},{"text":"Law","start":3208.47,"end":3208.59},{"text":"Commission's","start":3208.59,"end":3209.27},{"text":"work","start":3209.27,"end":3209.71},{"text":"on","start":3209.71,"end":3210.03},{"text":"sea","start":3210.03,"end":3210.27},{"text":"level","start":3210.27,"end":3210.59},{"text":"rise","start":3210.59,"end":3210.99},{"text":"demonstrate","start":3210.99,"end":3211.87},{"text":"the","start":3212.35,"end":3212.51},{"text":"capacity","start":3212.51,"end":3213.31},{"text":"to","start":3213.31,"end":3213.43},{"text":"respond","start":3213.43,"end":3213.99},{"text":"to","start":3213.99,"end":3214.11},{"text":"emerging","start":3214.11,"end":3214.67},{"text":"challenges.","start":3214.67,"end":3215.47}]},{"text":"We also welcome the advisory opinions of the International Court of Justice on Palestine and climate change.","start":3216.27,"end":3223.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3216.27,"end":3216.43},{"text":"also","start":3216.43,"end":3216.75},{"text":"welcome","start":3216.75,"end":3217.15},{"text":"the","start":3217.15,"end":3217.27},{"text":"advisory","start":3217.27,"end":3217.75},{"text":"opinions","start":3217.75,"end":3218.35},{"text":"of","start":3218.35,"end":3218.59},{"text":"the","start":3218.59,"end":3218.71},{"text":"International","start":3218.71,"end":3219.31},{"text":"Court","start":3219.31,"end":3219.55},{"text":"of","start":3219.55,"end":3219.71},{"text":"Justice","start":3219.71,"end":3220.35},{"text":"on","start":3220.95,"end":3221.15},{"text":"Palestine","start":3221.15,"end":3221.95},{"text":"and","start":3221.95,"end":3222.27},{"text":"climate","start":3222.27,"end":3222.67},{"text":"change.","start":3222.67,"end":3223.03}]},{"text":"These opinions must be respected and applied universally.","start":3223.47,"end":3227.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3223.47,"end":3223.71},{"text":"opinions","start":3223.71,"end":3224.35},{"text":"must","start":3224.35,"end":3224.71},{"text":"be","start":3224.71,"end":3224.91},{"text":"respected","start":3224.91,"end":3225.71},{"text":"and","start":3225.71,"end":3225.91},{"text":"applied","start":3225.91,"end":3226.35},{"text":"universally.","start":3226.35,"end":3227.15}]},{"text":"because selective acceptance would undermine the authority of the Court and confidence in international adjudication.","start":3228.23,"end":3235.67,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"because","start":3228.23,"end":3228.63},{"text":"selective","start":3228.63,"end":3229.19},{"text":"acceptance","start":3229.19,"end":3229.83},{"text":"would","start":3229.83,"end":3229.99},{"text":"undermine","start":3229.99,"end":3230.55},{"text":"the","start":3230.55,"end":3230.67},{"text":"authority","start":3230.67,"end":3231.19},{"text":"of","start":3231.19,"end":3231.27},{"text":"the","start":3231.27,"end":3231.43},{"text":"Court","start":3231.43,"end":3231.99},{"text":"and","start":3232.39,"end":3232.83},{"text":"confidence","start":3232.87,"end":3233.67},{"text":"in","start":3233.67,"end":3233.91},{"text":"international","start":3233.91,"end":3234.71},{"text":"adjudication.","start":3234.79,"end":3235.67}]},{"text":"As the Secretary-General also noted, rule of law is foundational to our work in this Council.","start":3236.87,"end":3242.87,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3243.83,"end":3244.07},{"text":"requires","start":3244.07,"end":3244.87},{"text":"full","start":3245.03,"end":3245.35},{"text":"compliance","start":3245.35,"end":3245.99},{"text":"with","start":3245.99,"end":3246.15},{"text":"Security","start":3246.15,"end":3246.55},{"text":"Council","start":3246.55,"end":3246.95},{"text":"resolutions","start":3246.95,"end":3247.75},{"text":"on","start":3247.75,"end":3247.99},{"text":"all","start":3247.99,"end":3248.47},{"text":"items","start":3248.47,"end":3249.27},{"text":"on","start":3249.27,"end":3249.59},{"text":"its","start":3249.59,"end":3249.75},{"text":"agenda.","start":3249.75,"end":3250.31}]},{"text":"The situation in Palestine starkly illustrates the consequences of selective adherence to international law.","start":3251.31,"end":3257.99,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3251.31,"end":3251.43},{"text":"situation","start":3251.43,"end":3252.07},{"text":"in","start":3252.07,"end":3252.19},{"text":"Palestine","start":3252.19,"end":3252.83},{"text":"starkly","start":3252.83,"end":3253.71},{"text":"illustrates","start":3253.79,"end":3254.51},{"text":"the","start":3254.51,"end":3254.63},{"text":"consequences","start":3254.63,"end":3255.47},{"text":"of","start":3255.47,"end":3255.55},{"text":"selective","start":3255.55,"end":3256.19},{"text":"adherence","start":3256.19,"end":3256.83},{"text":"to","start":3256.83,"end":3257.07},{"text":"international","start":3257.07,"end":3257.91},{"text":"law.","start":3257.91,"end":3257.99}]},{"text":"The continued denial of the Palestinian people's inalienable right to self-determination, persistent violations of international humanitarian law, and disregard for relevant UN resolutions erode the credibility of the international system and international legitimacy.","start":3258.75,"end":3277.15,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3258.75,"end":3258.95},{"text":"continued","start":3258.95,"end":3259.55},{"text":"denial","start":3259.55,"end":3260.11},{"text":"of","start":3260.11,"end":3260.19},{"text":"the","start":3260.19,"end":3260.35},{"text":"Palestinian","start":3260.35,"end":3260.91},{"text":"people's","start":3260.91,"end":3261.47},{"text":"inalienable","start":3261.47,"end":3262.43},{"text":"right","start":3262.43,"end":3262.91},{"text":"to","start":3263.39,"end":3263.55},{"text":"self-determination,","start":3263.55,"end":3264.83},{"text":"persistent","start":3264.95,"end":3265.59},{"text":"violations","start":3265.59,"end":3266.27},{"text":"of","start":3266.27,"end":3266.43},{"text":"international","start":3266.43,"end":3266.99},{"text":"humanitarian","start":3266.99,"end":3267.71},{"text":"law,","start":3267.71,"end":3268.15},{"text":"and","start":3268.67,"end":3268.95},{"text":"disregard","start":3268.95,"end":3269.63},{"text":"for","start":3269.63,"end":3269.83},{"text":"relevant","start":3269.83,"end":3270.31},{"text":"UN","start":3270.31,"end":3270.59},{"text":"resolutions","start":3270.59,"end":3271.47},{"text":"erode","start":3271.51,"end":3271.87},{"text":"the","start":3271.87,"end":3271.95},{"text":"credibility","start":3271.95,"end":3272.99},{"text":"of","start":3273.63,"end":3273.87},{"text":"the","start":3273.87,"end":3273.95},{"text":"international","start":3273.95,"end":3274.55},{"text":"system","start":3274.55,"end":3275.15},{"text":"and","start":3275.15,"end":3275.47},{"text":"international","start":3275.47,"end":3276.31},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":3276.31,"end":3277.15}]},{"text":"a just and lasting peace can only be achieved through full respect for international law and equal application of legal principles to all.","start":3278.03,"end":3287.23,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"a","start":3278.03,"end":3278.11},{"text":"just","start":3278.11,"end":3278.55},{"text":"and","start":3278.55,"end":3278.67},{"text":"lasting","start":3278.67,"end":3279.15},{"text":"peace","start":3279.15,"end":3279.55},{"text":"can","start":3279.55,"end":3279.79},{"text":"only","start":3279.79,"end":3280.15},{"text":"be","start":3280.15,"end":3280.27},{"text":"achieved","start":3280.27,"end":3280.91},{"text":"through","start":3280.99,"end":3281.23},{"text":"full","start":3281.23,"end":3281.55},{"text":"respect","start":3281.55,"end":3281.99},{"text":"for","start":3281.99,"end":3282.19},{"text":"international","start":3282.19,"end":3283.11},{"text":"law","start":3283.11,"end":3283.19},{"text":"and","start":3283.87,"end":3284.19},{"text":"equal","start":3284.19,"end":3284.59},{"text":"application","start":3284.59,"end":3285.31},{"text":"of","start":3285.31,"end":3285.47},{"text":"legal","start":3285.47,"end":3285.95},{"text":"principles","start":3285.95,"end":3286.67},{"text":"to","start":3286.67,"end":3286.91},{"text":"all.","start":3286.91,"end":3287.23}]},{"text":"President, the corpus of international law stems, amongst other sources, from the resolutions of this Council.","start":3288.27,"end":3296.55,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":3288.27,"end":3288.87},{"text":"the","start":3289.27,"end":3289.35},{"text":"corpus","start":3289.39,"end":3290.11},{"text":"of","start":3290.27,"end":3290.67},{"text":"international","start":3290.91,"end":3291.75},{"text":"law","start":3291.75,"end":3291.87},{"text":"stems,","start":3291.87,"end":3292.59},{"text":"amongst","start":3293.31,"end":3293.87},{"text":"other","start":3293.87,"end":3294.11},{"text":"sources,","start":3294.11,"end":3294.75},{"text":"from","start":3294.75,"end":3294.91},{"text":"the","start":3294.91,"end":3295.03},{"text":"resolutions","start":3295.03,"end":3295.71},{"text":"of","start":3295.71,"end":3295.87},{"text":"this","start":3295.87,"end":3296.11},{"text":"Council.","start":3296.11,"end":3296.55}]},{"text":"It is imperative that Member States fulfil their obligation under Article 25 of the Charter to implement the Council's decisions.","start":3297.71,"end":3306.67,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3297.71,"end":3297.87},{"text":"is","start":3297.87,"end":3298.03},{"text":"imperative","start":3298.03,"end":3298.75},{"text":"that","start":3298.75,"end":3298.91},{"text":"Member","start":3298.91,"end":3299.23},{"text":"States","start":3299.23,"end":3299.63},{"text":"fulfil","start":3299.63,"end":3300.11},{"text":"their","start":3300.11,"end":3300.27},{"text":"obligation","start":3300.27,"end":3300.91},{"text":"under","start":3301.27,"end":3301.63},{"text":"Article","start":3301.63,"end":3302.11},{"text":"25","start":3302.11,"end":3302.91},{"text":"of","start":3302.91,"end":3302.99},{"text":"the","start":3302.99,"end":3303.15},{"text":"Charter","start":3303.15,"end":3303.71},{"text":"to","start":3304.35,"end":3304.47},{"text":"implement","start":3304.51,"end":3305.15},{"text":"the","start":3305.15,"end":3305.27},{"text":"Council's","start":3305.27,"end":3305.87},{"text":"decisions.","start":3305.87,"end":3306.67}]},{"text":"To strengthen compliance and prevent selective application of international law, we would like to make the following suggestions.","start":3307.71,"end":3314.35,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3307.71,"end":3307.83},{"text":"strengthen","start":3307.83,"end":3308.35},{"text":"compliance","start":3308.35,"end":3309.15},{"text":"and","start":3309.15,"end":3309.39},{"text":"prevent","start":3309.39,"end":3309.83},{"text":"selective","start":3309.83,"end":3310.31},{"text":"application","start":3310.31,"end":3310.99},{"text":"of","start":3310.99,"end":3311.19},{"text":"international","start":3311.19,"end":3312.03},{"text":"law,","start":3312.03,"end":3312.11},{"text":"we","start":3312.11,"end":3312.23},{"text":"would","start":3312.23,"end":3312.35},{"text":"like","start":3312.35,"end":3312.63},{"text":"to","start":3312.63,"end":3312.75},{"text":"make","start":3312.75,"end":3312.99},{"text":"the","start":3312.99,"end":3313.07},{"text":"following","start":3313.07,"end":3313.47},{"text":"suggestions.","start":3313.47,"end":3314.35}]},{"text":"First, the Security Council should devise effective mechanisms to systematically monitor the implementation of its own resolutions and to take action in cases of persistent noncompliance.","start":3314.99,"end":3329.23,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3314.99,"end":3315.71},{"text":"the","start":3315.95,"end":3316.03},{"text":"Security","start":3316.03,"end":3316.51},{"text":"Council","start":3316.51,"end":3316.99},{"text":"should","start":3316.99,"end":3317.27},{"text":"devise","start":3317.27,"end":3317.79},{"text":"effective","start":3317.79,"end":3318.43},{"text":"mechanisms","start":3318.43,"end":3319.31},{"text":"to","start":3319.95,"end":3320.11},{"text":"systematically","start":3320.11,"end":3321.23},{"text":"monitor","start":3321.23,"end":3321.87},{"text":"the","start":3321.87,"end":3321.99},{"text":"implementation","start":3321.99,"end":3322.83},{"text":"of","start":3322.83,"end":3322.95},{"text":"its","start":3322.95,"end":3323.15},{"text":"own","start":3323.23,"end":3323.47},{"text":"resolutions","start":3323.47,"end":3324.35},{"text":"and","start":3324.99,"end":3325.27},{"text":"to","start":3325.27,"end":3325.43},{"text":"take","start":3325.43,"end":3325.63},{"text":"action","start":3325.63,"end":3326.27},{"text":"in","start":3326.35,"end":3326.59},{"text":"cases","start":3326.59,"end":3327.23},{"text":"of","start":3327.23,"end":3327.31},{"text":"persistent","start":3327.31,"end":3328.19},{"text":"noncompliance.","start":3328.19,"end":3329.23}]},{"text":"Second, the Council should engage the International Court of Justice more systematically where legal disputes on its agenda risk undermining the implementation of its decisions, particularly in situations of prolonged political deadlock.","start":3329.95,"end":3345.11,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3329.95,"end":3330.43},{"text":"the","start":3331.15,"end":3331.27},{"text":"Council","start":3331.31,"end":3331.71},{"text":"should","start":3331.71,"end":3331.91},{"text":"engage","start":3331.91,"end":3332.31},{"text":"the","start":3332.35,"end":3332.43},{"text":"International","start":3332.43,"end":3332.91},{"text":"Court","start":3332.91,"end":3333.15},{"text":"of","start":3333.15,"end":3333.23},{"text":"Justice","start":3333.23,"end":3333.71},{"text":"more","start":3333.71,"end":3333.95},{"text":"systematically","start":3333.95,"end":3335.07},{"text":"where","start":3335.67,"end":3335.83},{"text":"legal","start":3335.83,"end":3336.23},{"text":"disputes","start":3336.23,"end":3336.79},{"text":"on","start":3336.79,"end":3336.95},{"text":"its","start":3336.95,"end":3337.15},{"text":"agenda","start":3337.15,"end":3337.67},{"text":"risk","start":3337.67,"end":3338.15},{"text":"undermining","start":3338.15,"end":3338.79},{"text":"the","start":3338.79,"end":3338.87},{"text":"implementation","start":3338.87,"end":3339.75},{"text":"of","start":3339.75,"end":3339.95},{"text":"its","start":3339.95,"end":3340.15},{"text":"decisions,","start":3340.15,"end":3340.95},{"text":"particularly","start":3341.43,"end":3342.31},{"text":"in","start":3342.31,"end":3342.47},{"text":"situations","start":3342.47,"end":3343.11},{"text":"of","start":3343.11,"end":3343.19},{"text":"prolonged","start":3343.19,"end":3343.83},{"text":"political","start":3343.83,"end":3344.47},{"text":"deadlock.","start":3344.47,"end":3345.11}]},{"text":"Third, the Council should institutionalize regular legal briefings by the Office of Legal Affairs on situations on its agenda, including on the legal implications of non-compliance with Council resolutions and international treaties.","start":3346.07,"end":3363.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":3346.07,"end":3346.55},{"text":"the","start":3346.87,"end":3347.03},{"text":"Council","start":3347.03,"end":3347.51},{"text":"should","start":3347.51,"end":3347.75},{"text":"institutionalize","start":3347.75,"end":3349.03},{"text":"regular","start":3349.03,"end":3349.75},{"text":"legal","start":3349.91,"end":3350.31},{"text":"briefings","start":3350.31,"end":3351.03},{"text":"by","start":3351.67,"end":3351.83},{"text":"the","start":3351.83,"end":3351.95},{"text":"Office","start":3351.95,"end":3352.47},{"text":"of","start":3352.47,"end":3352.71},{"text":"Legal","start":3352.71,"end":3353.07},{"text":"Affairs","start":3353.07,"end":3353.75},{"text":"on","start":3353.91,"end":3354.23},{"text":"situations","start":3354.23,"end":3354.87},{"text":"on","start":3354.87,"end":3355.11},{"text":"its","start":3355.11,"end":3355.27},{"text":"agenda,","start":3355.27,"end":3355.87},{"text":"including","start":3355.87,"end":3356.47},{"text":"on","start":3356.47,"end":3356.59},{"text":"the","start":3356.59,"end":3356.67},{"text":"legal","start":3356.67,"end":3357.11},{"text":"implications","start":3357.11,"end":3358.15},{"text":"of","start":3358.71,"end":3358.87},{"text":"non-compliance","start":3358.87,"end":3359.79},{"text":"with","start":3359.79,"end":3359.99},{"text":"Council","start":3359.99,"end":3360.43},{"text":"resolutions","start":3360.43,"end":3361.27},{"text":"and","start":3361.27,"end":3361.59},{"text":"international","start":3361.59,"end":3362.31},{"text":"treaties.","start":3362.31,"end":3363.03}]},{"text":"to ensure that the Council's deliberations and decisions remain firmly grounded in international law.","start":3363.55,"end":3371.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"to","start":3363.55,"end":3363.67},{"text":"ensure","start":3363.67,"end":3364.43},{"text":"that","start":3364.75,"end":3365.15},{"text":"the","start":3365.15,"end":3365.27},{"text":"Council's","start":3365.31,"end":3365.87},{"text":"deliberations","start":3365.87,"end":3366.83},{"text":"and","start":3366.83,"end":3367.03},{"text":"decisions","start":3367.03,"end":3367.87},{"text":"remain","start":3368.51,"end":3368.99},{"text":"firmly","start":3368.99,"end":3369.39},{"text":"grounded","start":3369.39,"end":3370.03},{"text":"in","start":3370.03,"end":3370.19},{"text":"international","start":3370.19,"end":3371.11},{"text":"law.","start":3371.11,"end":3371.19}]},{"text":"Finally, the UN organs and bodies should have easier and more frequent recourse to ICJ's advisory opinions on specific disputes and on fulfillment of the legal obligations of member states and international organizations.","start":3371.55,"end":3387.71,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":3371.55,"end":3372.11},{"text":"the","start":3372.67,"end":3372.79},{"text":"UN","start":3372.79,"end":3373.15},{"text":"organs","start":3373.15,"end":3373.79},{"text":"and","start":3374.11,"end":3374.35},{"text":"bodies","start":3374.35,"end":3374.83},{"text":"should","start":3374.83,"end":3375.03},{"text":"have","start":3375.03,"end":3375.31},{"text":"easier","start":3375.31,"end":3375.95},{"text":"and","start":3375.95,"end":3376.11},{"text":"more","start":3376.11,"end":3376.43},{"text":"frequent","start":3376.43,"end":3376.95},{"text":"recourse","start":3376.95,"end":3377.63},{"text":"to","start":3378.11,"end":3378.35},{"text":"ICJ's","start":3378.35,"end":3379.07},{"text":"advisory","start":3379.07,"end":3379.59},{"text":"opinions","start":3379.59,"end":3380.27},{"text":"on","start":3380.59,"end":3380.75},{"text":"specific","start":3380.75,"end":3381.31},{"text":"disputes","start":3381.31,"end":3381.95},{"text":"and","start":3381.95,"end":3382.11},{"text":"on","start":3382.11,"end":3382.27},{"text":"fulfillment","start":3382.27,"end":3383.15},{"text":"of","start":3383.71,"end":3383.87},{"text":"the","start":3383.87,"end":3383.95},{"text":"legal","start":3383.95,"end":3384.39},{"text":"obligations","start":3384.39,"end":3385.07},{"text":"of","start":3385.07,"end":3385.23},{"text":"member","start":3385.23,"end":3385.47},{"text":"states","start":3385.47,"end":3385.87},{"text":"and","start":3385.87,"end":3386.03},{"text":"international","start":3386.03,"end":3386.63},{"text":"organizations.","start":3386.63,"end":3387.71}]},{"text":"President, the international rule of law cannot be sustained by deliberations alone.","start":3388.79,"end":3393.91,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":3388.79,"end":3389.27},{"text":"the","start":3389.51,"end":3389.63},{"text":"international","start":3389.63,"end":3390.15},{"text":"rule","start":3390.15,"end":3390.39},{"text":"of","start":3390.39,"end":3390.47},{"text":"law","start":3390.47,"end":3390.91},{"text":"cannot","start":3390.95,"end":3391.51},{"text":"be","start":3391.51,"end":3391.67},{"text":"sustained","start":3391.67,"end":3392.35},{"text":"by","start":3392.35,"end":3392.63},{"text":"deliberations","start":3392.63,"end":3393.43},{"text":"alone.","start":3393.43,"end":3393.91}]},{"text":"It requires consistent conduct and credible accountability.","start":3394.67,"end":3398.87,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3394.67,"end":3394.79},{"text":"requires","start":3394.79,"end":3395.35},{"text":"consistent","start":3395.35,"end":3396.03},{"text":"conduct","start":3396.03,"end":3396.71},{"text":"and","start":3396.95,"end":3397.27},{"text":"credible","start":3397.27,"end":3397.91},{"text":"accountability.","start":3397.91,"end":3398.87}]},{"text":"If multilateralism is to endure, law must prevail over force and principles over expediency and justice over impunity.","start":3399.83,"end":3409.91,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":3399.83,"end":3400.07},{"text":"multilateralism","start":3400.07,"end":3401.11},{"text":"is","start":3401.11,"end":3401.19},{"text":"to","start":3401.19,"end":3401.35},{"text":"endure,","start":3401.35,"end":3401.91},{"text":"law","start":3402.71,"end":3403.03},{"text":"must","start":3403.03,"end":3403.43},{"text":"prevail","start":3403.43,"end":3403.99},{"text":"over","start":3403.99,"end":3404.15},{"text":"force","start":3404.15,"end":3404.79},{"text":"and","start":3405.03,"end":3405.15},{"text":"principles","start":3405.15,"end":3405.99},{"text":"over","start":3406.07,"end":3406.31},{"text":"expediency","start":3406.31,"end":3407.35},{"text":"and","start":3407.91,"end":3408.15},{"text":"justice","start":3408.15,"end":3408.87},{"text":"over","start":3408.95,"end":3409.27},{"text":"impunity.","start":3409.27,"end":3409.91}]},{"text":"Pakistan remains committed to a UN charter inspired rules based international order in which disputes are resolved peacefully, obligations are honored, and the United Nations serves as a true guarantor of peace, justice, and dignity for all.","start":3410.31,"end":3428.19,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential 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sorry.","start":3430.83,"end":3435.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3430.83,"end":3430.99},{"text":"thank","start":3430.99,"end":3431.39},{"text":"the","start":3431.39,"end":3431.47},{"text":"representative","start":3431.47,"end":3432.19},{"text":"of","start":3432.19,"end":3432.27},{"text":"Pakistan","start":3432.27,"end":3432.99},{"text":"for","start":3433.15,"end":3433.39},{"text":"his","start":3433.39,"end":3433.55},{"text":"briefings,","start":3433.55,"end":3434.27},{"text":"for","start":3434.43,"end":3434.59},{"text":"his","start":3434.59,"end":3434.71},{"text":"statement,","start":3434.71,"end":3435.31},{"text":"sorry.","start":3435.31,"end":3435.59}]},{"text":"I now give the floor the representative of Denmark.","start":3435.59,"end":3439.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3435.59,"end":3435.63},{"text":"now","start":3436.35,"end":3436.51},{"text":"give","start":3436.51,"end":3436.71},{"text":"the","start":3436.71,"end":3436.83},{"text":"floor","start":3436.83,"end":3437.31},{"text":"the","start":3437.87,"end":3437.99},{"text":"representative","start":3437.99,"end":3438.75},{"text":"of","start":3438.75,"end":3438.83},{"text":"Denmark.","start":3438.83,"end":3439.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":3440.27,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=3441","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":3440.27,"end":3441.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3440.27,"end":3440.51},{"text":"you,","start":3440.51,"end":3440.59},{"text":"Mr.","start":3440.59,"end":3440.95},{"text":"President.","start":3440.95,"end":3441.63}]},{"text":"Let me also thank the Secretary General, Mr. Ali Yusuf, Chairperson of the African Union Commission, and Judge Yusuf for their insightful briefings.","start":3442.11,"end":3450.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":3442.11,"end":3442.31},{"text":"me","start":3442.31,"end":3442.43},{"text":"also","start":3442.43,"end":3442.67},{"text":"thank","start":3442.67,"end":3442.99},{"text":"the","start":3442.99,"end":3443.07},{"text":"Secretary","start":3443.07,"end":3443.67},{"text":"General,","start":3443.67,"end":3444.19},{"text":"Mr.","start":3444.43,"end":3445.07},{"text":"Ali","start":3445.07,"end":3445.39},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":3445.39,"end":3445.95},{"text":"Chairperson","start":3445.95,"end":3446.51},{"text":"of","start":3446.51,"end":3446.67},{"text":"the","start":3446.67,"end":3446.79},{"text":"African","start":3446.79,"end":3447.55},{"text":"Union","start":3447.55,"end":3447.87},{"text":"Commission,","start":3447.87,"end":3448.35},{"text":"and","start":3448.35,"end":3448.59},{"text":"Judge","start":3448.59,"end":3448.83},{"text":"Yusuf","start":3448.83,"end":3449.31},{"text":"for","start":3449.31,"end":3449.43},{"text":"their","start":3449.43,"end":3449.55},{"text":"insightful","start":3449.55,"end":3450.15},{"text":"briefings.","start":3450.15,"end":3450.83}]},{"text":"We commend Somalia for convening this timely debate today.","start":3451.79,"end":3456.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3451.79,"end":3451.95},{"text":"commend","start":3451.95,"end":3452.39},{"text":"Somalia","start":3452.39,"end":3452.99},{"text":"for","start":3452.99,"end":3453.15},{"text":"convening","start":3453.15,"end":3453.67},{"text":"this","start":3453.67,"end":3453.95},{"text":"timely","start":3454.11,"end":3454.59},{"text":"debate","start":3455.15,"end":3455.59},{"text":"today.","start":3455.59,"end":3456.03}]},{"text":"Mr. President, around this table, we must recall that the rule of law is not an abstract principle.","start":3457.23,"end":3463.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3457.23,"end":3457.59},{"text":"President,","start":3457.59,"end":3458.19},{"text":"around","start":3458.83,"end":3459.23},{"text":"this","start":3459.23,"end":3459.39},{"text":"table,","start":3459.39,"end":3460.03},{"text":"we","start":3460.11,"end":3460.27},{"text":"must","start":3460.27,"end":3460.51},{"text":"recall","start":3460.51,"end":3461.07},{"text":"that","start":3461.15,"end":3461.31},{"text":"the","start":3461.31,"end":3461.39},{"text":"rule","start":3461.39,"end":3461.67},{"text":"of","start":3461.67,"end":3461.79},{"text":"law","start":3461.79,"end":3462.11},{"text":"is","start":3462.11,"end":3462.27},{"text":"not","start":3462.27,"end":3462.55},{"text":"an","start":3462.55,"end":3462.67},{"text":"abstract","start":3462.67,"end":3463.15},{"text":"principle.","start":3463.15,"end":3463.79}]},{"text":"For civilians in Sudan, it's the promise that tomorrow will be safer than today.","start":3464.91,"end":3470.03,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3464.91,"end":3465.07},{"text":"civilians","start":3465.07,"end":3465.63},{"text":"in","start":3465.63,"end":3465.71},{"text":"Sudan,","start":3465.71,"end":3466.35},{"text":"it's","start":3466.75,"end":3466.99},{"text":"the","start":3466.99,"end":3467.07},{"text":"promise","start":3467.07,"end":3467.55},{"text":"that","start":3467.55,"end":3467.75},{"text":"tomorrow","start":3467.75,"end":3468.27},{"text":"will","start":3468.27,"end":3468.51},{"text":"be","start":3468.51,"end":3468.67},{"text":"safer","start":3468.67,"end":3469.23},{"text":"than","start":3469.31,"end":3469.55},{"text":"today.","start":3469.55,"end":3470.03}]},{"text":"For families in Haiti, it means safety from gangs and a justice system that functions.","start":3470.99,"end":3476.75,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3470.99,"end":3471.23},{"text":"families","start":3471.23,"end":3471.71},{"text":"in","start":3471.71,"end":3471.79},{"text":"Haiti,","start":3471.79,"end":3472.43},{"text":"it","start":3472.83,"end":3472.95},{"text":"means","start":3472.95,"end":3473.23},{"text":"safety","start":3473.23,"end":3473.67},{"text":"from","start":3473.67,"end":3473.87},{"text":"gangs","start":3473.87,"end":3474.51},{"text":"and","start":3474.67,"end":3474.87},{"text":"a","start":3474.87,"end":3474.91},{"text":"justice","start":3474.91,"end":3475.43},{"text":"system","start":3475.43,"end":3475.79},{"text":"that","start":3475.79,"end":3475.95},{"text":"functions.","start":3475.95,"end":3476.75}]},{"text":"For communities in Ukraine and indeed around the globe, it is the assurance that sovereignty matters.","start":3477.51,"end":3484.83,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3477.51,"end":3477.63},{"text":"communities","start":3477.63,"end":3478.27},{"text":"in","start":3478.27,"end":3478.43},{"text":"Ukraine","start":3478.43,"end":3479.07},{"text":"and","start":3479.47,"end":3479.67},{"text":"indeed","start":3479.67,"end":3480.19},{"text":"around","start":3480.19,"end":3480.47},{"text":"the","start":3480.47,"end":3480.55},{"text":"globe,","start":3480.55,"end":3480.91},{"text":"it","start":3481.55,"end":3481.71},{"text":"is","start":3481.71,"end":3481.95},{"text":"the","start":3481.95,"end":3482.07},{"text":"assurance","start":3482.07,"end":3482.83},{"text":"that","start":3483.07,"end":3483.23},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3483.23,"end":3484.03},{"text":"matters.","start":3484.19,"end":3484.83}]},{"text":"Put simply, it's the promise of the UN Charter in action, that relations between nations are built on the law and mutual respect for the law.","start":3486.03,"end":3496.51,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Put","start":3486.03,"end":3486.27},{"text":"simply,","start":3486.27,"end":3486.91},{"text":"it's","start":3487.19,"end":3487.43},{"text":"the","start":3487.43,"end":3487.55},{"text":"promise","start":3487.55,"end":3488.19},{"text":"of","start":3488.19,"end":3488.35},{"text":"the","start":3488.35,"end":3488.51},{"text":"UN","start":3488.51,"end":3488.91},{"text":"Charter","start":3488.91,"end":3489.39},{"text":"in","start":3489.39,"end":3489.55},{"text":"action,","start":3489.55,"end":3490.11},{"text":"that","start":3490.99,"end":3491.15},{"text":"relations","start":3491.15,"end":3491.75},{"text":"between","start":3491.75,"end":3492.15},{"text":"nations","start":3492.15,"end":3492.63},{"text":"are","start":3492.63,"end":3492.71},{"text":"built","start":3492.71,"end":3493.15},{"text":"on","start":3493.47,"end":3493.63},{"text":"the","start":3493.63,"end":3493.75},{"text":"law","start":3493.75,"end":3494.23},{"text":"and","start":3494.27,"end":3494.47},{"text":"mutual","start":3494.47,"end":3494.91},{"text":"respect","start":3494.91,"end":3495.55},{"text":"for","start":3495.87,"end":3496.11},{"text":"the","start":3496.11,"end":3496.19},{"text":"law.","start":3496.19,"end":3496.51}]},{"text":"Today, however, that promise upon which so many rely and which all of us have committed to uphold, is under unprecedented threat.","start":3497.63,"end":3507.11,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":3497.63,"end":3497.95},{"text":"however,","start":3497.95,"end":3498.51},{"text":"that","start":3498.75,"end":3498.99},{"text":"promise","start":3498.99,"end":3499.63},{"text":"upon","start":3499.99,"end":3500.35},{"text":"which","start":3500.35,"end":3500.55},{"text":"so","start":3500.55,"end":3500.87},{"text":"many","start":3500.87,"end":3501.11},{"text":"rely","start":3501.11,"end":3501.59},{"text":"and","start":3502.07,"end":3502.23},{"text":"which","start":3502.23,"end":3502.47},{"text":"all","start":3502.47,"end":3502.79},{"text":"of","start":3502.79,"end":3502.95},{"text":"us","start":3502.95,"end":3503.19},{"text":"have","start":3503.19,"end":3503.43},{"text":"committed","start":3503.43,"end":3503.87},{"text":"to","start":3503.87,"end":3504.03},{"text":"uphold,","start":3504.03,"end":3504.63},{"text":"is","start":3505.03,"end":3505.27},{"text":"under","start":3505.27,"end":3505.67},{"text":"unprecedented","start":3505.75,"end":3506.67},{"text":"threat.","start":3506.67,"end":3507.11}]},{"text":"Urgent action is needed to reverse course and to promote and defend the rule of law.","start":3508.23,"end":3513.91,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Urgent","start":3508.23,"end":3508.63},{"text":"action","start":3508.63,"end":3509.11},{"text":"is","start":3509.11,"end":3509.27},{"text":"needed","start":3509.27,"end":3509.59},{"text":"to","start":3509.59,"end":3509.75},{"text":"reverse","start":3509.75,"end":3510.23},{"text":"course","start":3510.23,"end":3510.79},{"text":"and","start":3511.27,"end":3511.43},{"text":"to","start":3511.43,"end":3511.51},{"text":"promote","start":3511.51,"end":3512.07},{"text":"and","start":3512.23,"end":3512.43},{"text":"defend","start":3512.43,"end":3513.03},{"text":"the","start":3513.11,"end":3513.23},{"text":"rule","start":3513.23,"end":3513.47},{"text":"of","start":3513.47,"end":3513.59},{"text":"law.","start":3513.59,"end":3513.91}]},{"text":"Mr. President, there are many ways to put this principle into practice.","start":3515.11,"end":3520.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3515.11,"end":3515.47},{"text":"President,","start":3515.47,"end":3516.15},{"text":"there","start":3517.19,"end":3517.35},{"text":"are","start":3517.35,"end":3517.43},{"text":"many","start":3517.43,"end":3517.75},{"text":"ways","start":3517.75,"end":3518.07},{"text":"to","start":3518.07,"end":3518.19},{"text":"put","start":3518.23,"end":3518.47},{"text":"this","start":3518.47,"end":3518.63},{"text":"principle","start":3518.63,"end":3519.19},{"text":"into","start":3519.19,"end":3519.51},{"text":"practice.","start":3519.51,"end":3520.23}]},{"text":"However, the first is as fundamental as it is simple.","start":3520.95,"end":3525.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3520.95,"end":3521.55},{"text":"the","start":3521.75,"end":3521.91},{"text":"first","start":3521.91,"end":3522.47},{"text":"is","start":3523.35,"end":3523.51},{"text":"as","start":3523.51,"end":3523.59},{"text":"fundamental","start":3523.67,"end":3524.63},{"text":"as","start":3524.63,"end":3524.83},{"text":"it","start":3524.83,"end":3525.03},{"text":"is","start":3525.03,"end":3525.15},{"text":"simple.","start":3525.15,"end":3525.75}]},{"text":"It is upholding the principles enshrined in the UN Charter, principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of all states without exception.","start":3526.31,"end":3539.91,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3541.03,"end":3541.19},{"text":"is","start":3541.19,"end":3541.35},{"text":"resolving","start":3541.35,"end":3541.91},{"text":"disputes","start":3541.91,"end":3542.55},{"text":"peacefully.","start":3542.55,"end":3543.27}]},{"text":"It is ending immediately the illegal use or threat of use of force.","start":3544.15,"end":3549.59,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3544.15,"end":3544.31},{"text":"is","start":3544.31,"end":3544.47},{"text":"ending","start":3544.47,"end":3545.03},{"text":"immediately","start":3545.03,"end":3545.91},{"text":"the","start":3546.23,"end":3546.43},{"text":"illegal","start":3546.43,"end":3546.95},{"text":"use","start":3546.95,"end":3547.43},{"text":"or","start":3547.51,"end":3547.75},{"text":"threat","start":3547.75,"end":3548.11},{"text":"of","start":3548.11,"end":3548.23},{"text":"use","start":3548.23,"end":3548.71},{"text":"of","start":3548.95,"end":3549.07},{"text":"force.","start":3549.07,"end":3549.59}]},{"text":"These aspects are foundational and they are non-negotiable.","start":3550.71,"end":3553.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3550.71,"end":3551.03},{"text":"aspects","start":3551.03,"end":3551.59},{"text":"are","start":3551.59,"end":3551.67},{"text":"foundational","start":3551.67,"end":3552.55},{"text":"and","start":3552.55,"end":3552.67},{"text":"they","start":3552.67,"end":3552.75},{"text":"are","start":3552.75,"end":3552.83},{"text":"non-negotiable.","start":3552.83,"end":3553.99}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the rule of law is also built on strong, independent legal institutions.","start":3555.55,"end":3561.55,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3555.55,"end":3555.91},{"text":"President,","start":3555.91,"end":3556.59},{"text":"the","start":3557.23,"end":3557.35},{"text":"rule","start":3557.35,"end":3557.63},{"text":"of","start":3557.63,"end":3557.71},{"text":"law","start":3557.71,"end":3557.95},{"text":"is","start":3557.95,"end":3558.07},{"text":"also","start":3558.07,"end":3558.43},{"text":"built","start":3558.43,"end":3558.75},{"text":"on","start":3558.75,"end":3558.91},{"text":"strong,","start":3558.91,"end":3559.39},{"text":"independent","start":3559.39,"end":3560.15},{"text":"legal","start":3560.19,"end":3560.59},{"text":"institutions.","start":3560.59,"end":3561.55}]},{"text":"Later this year, we will mark the 80 year anniversary of the International Court of Justice.","start":3562.43,"end":3566.99,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Later","start":3562.43,"end":3562.75},{"text":"this","start":3562.75,"end":3562.99},{"text":"year,","start":3562.99,"end":3563.31},{"text":"we","start":3563.31,"end":3563.43},{"text":"will","start":3563.43,"end":3563.63},{"text":"mark","start":3563.63,"end":3563.91},{"text":"the","start":3563.91,"end":3563.99},{"text":"80","start":3563.99,"end":3564.35},{"text":"year","start":3564.35,"end":3564.59},{"text":"anniversary","start":3564.59,"end":3565.27},{"text":"of","start":3565.27,"end":3565.35},{"text":"the","start":3565.35,"end":3565.43},{"text":"International","start":3565.43,"end":3566.03},{"text":"Court","start":3566.03,"end":3566.27},{"text":"of","start":3566.27,"end":3566.35},{"text":"Justice.","start":3566.35,"end":3566.99}]},{"text":"This offers not only an opportunity for celebration, but for recommitment to the Court's central role in upholding international law and the peaceful settlement of disputes.","start":3567.79,"end":3578.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3567.79,"end":3568.03},{"text":"offers","start":3568.03,"end":3568.43},{"text":"not","start":3568.43,"end":3568.67},{"text":"only","start":3568.67,"end":3568.99},{"text":"an","start":3568.99,"end":3569.07},{"text":"opportunity","start":3569.07,"end":3569.71},{"text":"for","start":3569.71,"end":3569.87},{"text":"celebration,","start":3569.87,"end":3570.67},{"text":"but","start":3571.31,"end":3571.47},{"text":"for","start":3571.47,"end":3571.71},{"text":"recommitment","start":3571.71,"end":3572.47},{"text":"to","start":3572.47,"end":3572.59},{"text":"the","start":3572.59,"end":3572.71},{"text":"Court's","start":3572.71,"end":3573.19},{"text":"central","start":3573.19,"end":3573.71},{"text":"role","start":3573.71,"end":3574.03},{"text":"in","start":3574.19,"end":3574.35},{"text":"upholding","start":3574.35,"end":3574.99},{"text":"international","start":3574.99,"end":3575.91},{"text":"law","start":3575.91,"end":3575.99},{"text":"and","start":3576.35,"end":3576.55},{"text":"the","start":3576.55,"end":3576.63},{"text":"peaceful","start":3576.63,"end":3577.07},{"text":"settlement","start":3577.07,"end":3577.67},{"text":"of","start":3577.67,"end":3577.79},{"text":"disputes.","start":3577.79,"end":3578.51}]},{"text":"we the member states must fulfil our obligation under article thirty three and seek solutions to any dispute by peaceful means and we encourage all member states to accept the compulsory jurisdiction of the court.","start":3579.67,"end":3593.51,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"we","start":3579.67,"end":3580.23},{"text":"the","start":3580.31,"end":3580.43},{"text":"member","start":3580.47,"end":3580.79},{"text":"states","start":3580.79,"end":3581.35},{"text":"must","start":3581.43,"end":3581.75},{"text":"fulfil","start":3581.75,"end":3582.23},{"text":"our","start":3582.23,"end":3582.51},{"text":"obligation","start":3582.51,"end":3583.19},{"text":"under","start":3583.19,"end":3583.43},{"text":"article","start":3583.43,"end":3583.87},{"text":"thirty","start":3583.87,"end":3584.15},{"text":"three","start":3584.15,"end":3584.63},{"text":"and","start":3584.87,"end":3585.07},{"text":"seek","start":3585.07,"end":3585.35},{"text":"solutions","start":3585.35,"end":3585.99},{"text":"to","start":3585.99,"end":3586.11},{"text":"any","start":3586.11,"end":3586.31},{"text":"dispute","start":3586.31,"end":3586.95},{"text":"by","start":3586.95,"end":3587.07},{"text":"peaceful","start":3587.07,"end":3587.51},{"text":"means","start":3587.51,"end":3588.15},{"text":"and","start":3588.55,"end":3588.71},{"text":"we","start":3588.71,"end":3588.87},{"text":"encourage","start":3588.87,"end":3589.43},{"text":"all","start":3589.43,"end":3589.67},{"text":"member","start":3589.67,"end":3590.07},{"text":"states","start":3590.07,"end":3590.55},{"text":"to","start":3590.71,"end":3590.91},{"text":"accept","start":3590.91,"end":3591.27},{"text":"the","start":3591.27,"end":3591.39},{"text":"compulsory","start":3591.39,"end":3592.07},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3592.07,"end":3592.79},{"text":"of","start":3592.79,"end":3592.95},{"text":"the","start":3592.95,"end":3593.07},{"text":"court.","start":3593.07,"end":3593.51}]},{"text":"strong independent criminal courts at both national and international level are also essential.","start":3594.95,"end":3600.55,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"strong","start":3594.95,"end":3595.35},{"text":"independent","start":3595.35,"end":3596.03},{"text":"criminal","start":3596.03,"end":3596.39},{"text":"courts","start":3596.39,"end":3596.95},{"text":"at","start":3596.95,"end":3597.03},{"text":"both","start":3597.03,"end":3597.35},{"text":"national","start":3597.35,"end":3597.83},{"text":"and","start":3597.83,"end":3597.95},{"text":"international","start":3597.95,"end":3598.75},{"text":"level","start":3598.75,"end":3599.11},{"text":"are","start":3599.19,"end":3599.27},{"text":"also","start":3599.27,"end":3599.91},{"text":"essential.","start":3599.91,"end":3600.55}]},{"text":"since the international criminal court's establishment denmark's support for the court and the rome statute has been and continues to be unwavering as a part of our commitment to the icc we are pleased to announce the candidacy of danish high court judge mette lydsted knudsen for the upcoming icc judicial election in december twenty twenty six Mr. president The rule of law is the backbone of peaceful, just and inclusive societies.","start":3601.39,"end":3633.95,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"since","start":3601.39,"end":3601.75},{"text":"the","start":3601.75,"end":3601.83},{"text":"international","start":3601.83,"end":3602.39},{"text":"criminal","start":3602.39,"end":3602.75},{"text":"court's","start":3602.75,"end":3603.23},{"text":"establishment","start":3603.23,"end":3603.91},{"text":"denmark's","start":3603.91,"end":3604.39},{"text":"support","start":3604.39,"end":3604.71},{"text":"for","start":3604.71,"end":3604.83},{"text":"the","start":3604.83,"end":3604.95},{"text":"court","start":3604.95,"end":3605.31},{"text":"and","start":3605.55,"end":3605.79},{"text":"the","start":3605.79,"end":3605.87},{"text":"rome","start":3605.87,"end":3606.11},{"text":"statute","start":3606.11,"end":3606.75},{"text":"has","start":3607.15,"end":3607.39},{"text":"been","start":3607.39,"end":3607.79},{"text":"and","start":3607.79,"end":3607.95},{"text":"continues","start":3607.95,"end":3608.51},{"text":"to","start":3608.51,"end":3608.67},{"text":"be","start":3608.67,"end":3609.07},{"text":"unwavering","start":3609.31,"end":3610.27},{"text":"as","start":3611.31,"end":3611.51},{"text":"a","start":3611.51,"end":3611.55},{"text":"part","start":3611.55,"end":3611.95},{"text":"of","start":3611.95,"end":3612.03},{"text":"our","start":3612.03,"end":3612.15},{"text":"commitment","start":3612.15,"end":3612.87},{"text":"to","start":3612.87,"end":3612.99},{"text":"the","start":3612.99,"end":3613.11},{"text":"icc","start":3613.11,"end":3613.87},{"text":"we","start":3614.27,"end":3614.39},{"text":"are","start":3614.39,"end":3614.47},{"text":"pleased","start":3614.47,"end":3614.75},{"text":"to","start":3614.75,"end":3614.87},{"text":"announce","start":3614.87,"end":3615.55},{"text":"the","start":3615.55,"end":3615.67},{"text":"candidacy","start":3615.67,"end":3616.51},{"text":"of","start":3616.51,"end":3616.63},{"text":"danish","start":3616.63,"end":3616.99},{"text":"high","start":3616.99,"end":3617.15},{"text":"court","start":3617.15,"end":3617.47},{"text":"judge","start":3617.47,"end":3617.79},{"text":"mette","start":3618.03,"end":3618.35},{"text":"lydsted","start":3618.35,"end":3618.71},{"text":"knudsen","start":3618.75,"end":3619.15},{"text":"for","start":3619.55,"end":3619.75},{"text":"the","start":3619.75,"end":3619.91},{"text":"upcoming","start":3619.91,"end":3620.43},{"text":"icc","start":3620.43,"end":3620.99},{"text":"judicial","start":3620.99,"end":3621.79},{"text":"election","start":3621.79,"end":3622.35},{"text":"in","start":3622.51,"end":3622.67},{"text":"december","start":3622.67,"end":3623.15},{"text":"twenty","start":3623.15,"end":3623.51},{"text":"twenty","start":3623.51,"end":3623.79},{"text":"six","start":3623.79,"end":3624.35},{"text":"Mr.","start":3626.03,"end":3626.39},{"text":"president","start":3626.39,"end":3627.15},{"text":"The","start":3627.79,"end":3627.95},{"text":"rule","start":3627.95,"end":3628.27},{"text":"of","start":3628.27,"end":3628.35},{"text":"law","start":3628.35,"end":3628.83},{"text":"is","start":3629.15,"end":3629.31},{"text":"the","start":3629.31,"end":3629.47},{"text":"backbone","start":3629.47,"end":3630.19},{"text":"of","start":3630.35,"end":3630.51},{"text":"peaceful,","start":3630.51,"end":3631.31},{"text":"just","start":3631.55,"end":3632.11},{"text":"and","start":3632.19,"end":3632.43},{"text":"inclusive","start":3632.43,"end":3632.99},{"text":"societies.","start":3632.99,"end":3633.95}]},{"text":"It is vital to both ensuring immediate security and the necessary stability for peacebuilding to take root.","start":3634.51,"end":3641.71,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3634.51,"end":3634.71},{"text":"is","start":3634.71,"end":3634.83},{"text":"vital","start":3634.83,"end":3635.47},{"text":"to","start":3635.87,"end":3636.03},{"text":"both","start":3636.03,"end":3636.27},{"text":"ensuring","start":3636.27,"end":3636.91},{"text":"immediate","start":3636.91,"end":3637.47},{"text":"security","start":3637.47,"end":3638.19},{"text":"and","start":3638.43,"end":3638.67},{"text":"the","start":3638.67,"end":3638.75},{"text":"necessary","start":3638.75,"end":3639.47},{"text":"stability","start":3639.47,"end":3640.11},{"text":"for","start":3640.11,"end":3640.27},{"text":"peacebuilding","start":3640.27,"end":3640.99},{"text":"to","start":3640.99,"end":3641.19},{"text":"take","start":3641.19,"end":3641.31},{"text":"root.","start":3641.31,"end":3641.71}]},{"text":"It is fundamental to achieve economic and social progress and development and to ensure the protection of human rights.","start":3642.67,"end":3649.95,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3642.67,"end":3642.87},{"text":"is","start":3642.87,"end":3642.99},{"text":"fundamental","start":3642.99,"end":3643.79},{"text":"to","start":3643.79,"end":3643.91},{"text":"achieve","start":3643.91,"end":3644.35},{"text":"economic","start":3644.35,"end":3644.99},{"text":"and","start":3644.99,"end":3645.15},{"text":"social","start":3645.15,"end":3645.47},{"text":"progress","start":3645.47,"end":3645.95},{"text":"and","start":3645.95,"end":3646.07},{"text":"development","start":3646.07,"end":3646.75},{"text":"and","start":3647.23,"end":3647.43},{"text":"to","start":3647.43,"end":3647.59},{"text":"ensure","start":3647.59,"end":3648.03},{"text":"the","start":3648.19,"end":3648.27},{"text":"protection","start":3648.27,"end":3648.99},{"text":"of","start":3648.99,"end":3649.15},{"text":"human","start":3649.15,"end":3649.39},{"text":"rights.","start":3649.39,"end":3649.95}]},{"text":"Denmark believes that this Council must therefore continue to provide strong rule of law mandates in peace operations.","start":3651.31,"end":3657.71,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Denmark","start":3651.31,"end":3651.71},{"text":"believes","start":3651.71,"end":3652.11},{"text":"that","start":3652.11,"end":3652.27},{"text":"this","start":3652.27,"end":3652.51},{"text":"Council","start":3652.51,"end":3653.07},{"text":"must","start":3653.07,"end":3653.35},{"text":"therefore","start":3653.35,"end":3653.79},{"text":"continue","start":3653.79,"end":3654.35},{"text":"to","start":3654.35,"end":3654.51},{"text":"provide","start":3654.51,"end":3654.91},{"text":"strong","start":3654.91,"end":3655.39},{"text":"rule","start":3655.39,"end":3655.59},{"text":"of","start":3655.59,"end":3655.71},{"text":"law","start":3655.71,"end":3655.87},{"text":"mandates","start":3655.87,"end":3656.39},{"text":"in","start":3656.39,"end":3656.59},{"text":"peace","start":3656.59,"end":3656.83},{"text":"operations.","start":3656.83,"end":3657.71}]},{"text":"Such mandates support and build national institutions and capacities, reduce the risk of conflicts re-emerging, and enable effective transition and exit strategies.","start":3658.27,"end":3668.99,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":3658.27,"end":3658.67},{"text":"mandates","start":3658.67,"end":3659.23},{"text":"support","start":3659.23,"end":3659.67},{"text":"and","start":3659.67,"end":3659.79},{"text":"build","start":3659.79,"end":3660.15},{"text":"national","start":3660.15,"end":3660.59},{"text":"institutions","start":3660.59,"end":3661.27},{"text":"and","start":3661.27,"end":3661.39},{"text":"capacities,","start":3661.39,"end":3662.27},{"text":"reduce","start":3662.75,"end":3663.19},{"text":"the","start":3663.19,"end":3663.27},{"text":"risk","start":3663.27,"end":3663.59},{"text":"of","start":3663.59,"end":3663.71},{"text":"conflicts","start":3663.71,"end":3664.35},{"text":"re-emerging,","start":3664.35,"end":3665.23},{"text":"and","start":3665.63,"end":3665.83},{"text":"enable","start":3665.83,"end":3666.27},{"text":"effective","start":3666.27,"end":3666.87},{"text":"transition","start":3666.87,"end":3667.55},{"text":"and","start":3667.55,"end":3667.75},{"text":"exit","start":3667.75,"end":3668.11},{"text":"strategies.","start":3668.11,"end":3668.99}]},{"text":"At a time of increased financial pressure, they are cost-effective investments in peace.","start":3670.11,"end":3675.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3670.11,"end":3670.43},{"text":"a","start":3670.43,"end":3670.47},{"text":"time","start":3670.47,"end":3670.67},{"text":"of","start":3670.67,"end":3670.83},{"text":"increased","start":3670.83,"end":3671.23},{"text":"financial","start":3671.23,"end":3671.75},{"text":"pressure,","start":3671.75,"end":3672.27},{"text":"they","start":3672.59,"end":3672.75},{"text":"are","start":3672.75,"end":3672.83},{"text":"cost-effective","start":3672.83,"end":3673.95},{"text":"investments","start":3673.95,"end":3674.67},{"text":"in","start":3674.67,"end":3674.83},{"text":"peace.","start":3674.83,"end":3675.39}]},{"text":"However, our tools will remain ineffective Our resolutions empty words on a page if we, members of the Security Council, do not muster the political will to use and implement them.","start":3676.75,"end":3690.11,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3676.75,"end":3677.47},{"text":"our","start":3678.03,"end":3678.27},{"text":"tools","start":3678.27,"end":3678.75},{"text":"will","start":3678.75,"end":3678.99},{"text":"remain","start":3678.99,"end":3679.39},{"text":"ineffective","start":3679.39,"end":3680.27},{"text":"Our","start":3680.83,"end":3681.11},{"text":"resolutions","start":3681.11,"end":3681.87},{"text":"empty","start":3681.87,"end":3682.27},{"text":"words","start":3682.27,"end":3682.59},{"text":"on","start":3682.59,"end":3682.67},{"text":"a","start":3682.67,"end":3682.75},{"text":"page","start":3682.75,"end":3683.39},{"text":"if","start":3683.87,"end":3684.11},{"text":"we,","start":3684.11,"end":3684.51},{"text":"members","start":3684.75,"end":3685.31},{"text":"of","start":3685.31,"end":3685.39},{"text":"the","start":3685.39,"end":3685.51},{"text":"Security","start":3685.51,"end":3686.03},{"text":"Council,","start":3686.03,"end":3686.59},{"text":"do","start":3686.91,"end":3687.07},{"text":"not","start":3687.07,"end":3687.31},{"text":"muster","start":3687.31,"end":3687.79},{"text":"the","start":3687.79,"end":3687.95},{"text":"political","start":3687.95,"end":3688.51},{"text":"will","start":3688.51,"end":3688.83},{"text":"to","start":3688.83,"end":3688.95},{"text":"use","start":3688.95,"end":3689.27},{"text":"and","start":3689.27,"end":3689.39},{"text":"implement","start":3689.39,"end":3689.87},{"text":"them.","start":3689.87,"end":3690.11}]},{"text":"Too often, that will is blocked by the misuse of the veto.","start":3691.07,"end":3695.23,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"Too","start":3691.07,"end":3691.31},{"text":"often,","start":3691.31,"end":3691.87},{"text":"that","start":3692.27,"end":3692.51},{"text":"will","start":3692.51,"end":3692.99},{"text":"is","start":3693.23,"end":3693.39},{"text":"blocked","start":3693.39,"end":3693.71},{"text":"by","start":3693.71,"end":3693.87},{"text":"the","start":3693.87,"end":3693.95},{"text":"misuse","start":3693.95,"end":3694.51},{"text":"of","start":3694.51,"end":3694.67},{"text":"the","start":3694.67,"end":3694.75},{"text":"veto.","start":3694.75,"end":3695.23}]},{"text":"Denmark's view is clear.","start":3696.35,"end":3697.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Denmark's","start":3696.35,"end":3696.87},{"text":"view","start":3696.87,"end":3697.03},{"text":"is","start":3697.03,"end":3697.15},{"text":"clear.","start":3697.15,"end":3697.59}]},{"text":"It is time to reform the Security Council to represent the world in this century.","start":3698.19,"end":3702.59,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3698.19,"end":3698.27},{"text":"is","start":3698.27,"end":3698.43},{"text":"time","start":3698.43,"end":3698.75},{"text":"to","start":3698.75,"end":3698.87},{"text":"reform","start":3698.87,"end":3699.39},{"text":"the","start":3699.39,"end":3699.47},{"text":"Security","start":3699.47,"end":3700.03},{"text":"Council","start":3700.03,"end":3700.43},{"text":"to","start":3700.43,"end":3700.55},{"text":"represent","start":3700.55,"end":3701.23},{"text":"the","start":3701.23,"end":3701.31},{"text":"world","start":3701.31,"end":3701.67},{"text":"in","start":3701.67,"end":3701.79},{"text":"this","start":3701.79,"end":3701.99},{"text":"century.","start":3701.99,"end":3702.59}]},{"text":"It is time to restrict the use of the veto and take seriously initiatives to this end.","start":3703.71,"end":3709.31,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"Above","start":3710.27,"end":3710.71},{"text":"all,","start":3710.71,"end":3711.07},{"text":"it's","start":3711.27,"end":3711.55},{"text":"time","start":3711.55,"end":3711.79},{"text":"to","start":3711.79,"end":3711.95},{"text":"break","start":3711.95,"end":3712.23},{"text":"the","start":3712.23,"end":3712.35},{"text":"paralysis","start":3712.35,"end":3713.15},{"text":"and","start":3713.15,"end":3713.35},{"text":"deadlock","start":3713.35,"end":3713.87},{"text":"that","start":3714.11,"end":3714.35},{"text":"too","start":3714.35,"end":3714.59},{"text":"often","start":3714.59,"end":3715.15},{"text":"hinders","start":3715.15,"end":3715.71},{"text":"our","start":3715.71,"end":3715.95},{"text":"work.","start":3715.95,"end":3716.35}]},{"text":"Mr. President, in closing, the credibility of this Council and of the multilateral system as a whole rests not solely on our decisions, but on the principles we defend.","start":3717.87,"end":3730.43,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3717.87,"end":3718.31},{"text":"President,","start":3718.31,"end":3718.91},{"text":"in","start":3718.91,"end":3719.07},{"text":"closing,","start":3719.07,"end":3719.71},{"text":"the","start":3720.43,"end":3720.55},{"text":"credibility","start":3720.59,"end":3721.39},{"text":"of","start":3721.39,"end":3721.47},{"text":"this","start":3721.47,"end":3721.71},{"text":"Council","start":3721.71,"end":3722.43},{"text":"and","start":3722.63,"end":3722.83},{"text":"of","start":3722.83,"end":3722.99},{"text":"the","start":3722.99,"end":3723.11},{"text":"multilateral","start":3723.11,"end":3723.95},{"text":"system","start":3723.95,"end":3724.43},{"text":"as","start":3724.43,"end":3724.59},{"text":"a","start":3724.59,"end":3724.63},{"text":"whole","start":3724.63,"end":3725.23},{"text":"rests","start":3725.63,"end":3726.03},{"text":"not","start":3726.03,"end":3726.35},{"text":"solely","start":3726.35,"end":3726.91},{"text":"on","start":3726.91,"end":3727.07},{"text":"our","start":3727.07,"end":3727.23},{"text":"decisions,","start":3727.23,"end":3728.03},{"text":"but","start":3728.51,"end":3728.75},{"text":"on","start":3728.75,"end":3728.83},{"text":"the","start":3728.83,"end":3728.99},{"text":"principles","start":3728.99,"end":3729.63},{"text":"we","start":3729.63,"end":3729.79},{"text":"defend.","start":3729.79,"end":3730.43}]},{"text":"When we place the rule of law at the centre of our work, we reaffirm that peace is built on justice and accountability.","start":3731.59,"end":3739.71,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3740.87,"end":3740.99},{"text":"remind","start":3740.99,"end":3741.55},{"text":"the","start":3741.55,"end":3741.67},{"text":"countless","start":3741.67,"end":3742.35},{"text":"civilians","start":3742.35,"end":3742.87},{"text":"trapped","start":3742.87,"end":3743.19},{"text":"in","start":3743.19,"end":3743.35},{"text":"conflict","start":3743.35,"end":3743.91},{"text":"that","start":3744.15,"end":3744.39},{"text":"their","start":3744.39,"end":3744.75},{"text":"rights","start":3744.75,"end":3745.03},{"text":"matter,","start":3745.03,"end":3745.59},{"text":"that","start":3746.63,"end":3746.87},{"text":"they","start":3746.87,"end":3747.11},{"text":"matter,","start":3747.11,"end":3747.59},{"text":"that","start":3748.71,"end":3748.91},{"text":"the","start":3748.91,"end":3749.03},{"text":"purposes","start":3749.03,"end":3749.63},{"text":"and","start":3749.63,"end":3749.75},{"text":"principles","start":3749.75,"end":3750.55},{"text":"of","start":3750.55,"end":3750.67},{"text":"the","start":3750.67,"end":3750.79},{"text":"UN","start":3750.79,"end":3751.27},{"text":"Charter","start":3751.27,"end":3751.75},{"text":"continue","start":3751.91,"end":3752.63},{"text":"to","start":3752.71,"end":3752.91},{"text":"guide","start":3752.91,"end":3753.27},{"text":"us.","start":3753.27,"end":3753.59}]},{"text":"Denmark's support to these principles was resolute 80 years ago, and it remains so today.","start":3754.71,"end":3761.03,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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China.","start":3767.39,"end":3774.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3767.39,"end":3767.55},{"text":"thank","start":3767.55,"end":3767.95},{"text":"the","start":3767.95,"end":3768.03},{"text":"representative","start":3768.03,"end":3768.83},{"text":"of","start":3769.03,"end":3769.15},{"text":"Denmark","start":3769.31,"end":3769.95},{"text":"for","start":3770.31,"end":3770.51},{"text":"her","start":3770.51,"end":3770.67},{"text":"statement","start":3770.67,"end":3771.39},{"text":"and","start":3771.91,"end":3772.07},{"text":"now","start":3772.07,"end":3772.19},{"text":"give","start":3772.19,"end":3772.35},{"text":"the","start":3772.35,"end":3772.51},{"text":"floor","start":3772.51,"end":3772.99},{"text":"the","start":3772.99,"end":3773.11},{"text":"representative","start":3773.11,"end":3773.95},{"text":"of","start":3773.99,"end":3774.11},{"text":"China.","start":3774.11,"end":3774.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar 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briefings.","start":3784.43,"end":3792.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3784.43,"end":3784.59},{"text":"thank","start":3784.59,"end":3784.99},{"text":"Secretary","start":3785.15,"end":3785.75},{"text":"General","start":3785.75,"end":3786.07},{"text":"Guterres,","start":3786.07,"end":3786.67},{"text":"Chairman","start":3787.23,"end":3787.63},{"text":"Yusuf","start":3787.63,"end":3788.11},{"text":"of","start":3788.19,"end":3788.35},{"text":"the","start":3788.35,"end":3788.47},{"text":"African","start":3788.51,"end":3788.91},{"text":"Union","start":3788.91,"end":3789.23},{"text":"Commission","start":3789.23,"end":3789.79},{"text":"and","start":3790.19,"end":3790.59},{"text":"Judge","start":3790.59,"end":3790.99},{"text":"Yusuf","start":3790.99,"end":3791.39},{"text":"for","start":3791.79,"end":3791.95},{"text":"their","start":3791.95,"end":3792.19},{"text":"briefings.","start":3792.19,"end":3792.83}]},{"text":"For 80 years, Driven by the deep reflection on the two world wars, states have worked together to establish an international system with the United Nations at its core, an international order based on international law and the fundamental norms governing international relations.","start":3795.63,"end":3814.99,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3795.63,"end":3795.95},{"text":"80","start":3795.95,"end":3796.35},{"text":"years,","start":3796.35,"end":3796.67},{"text":"Driven","start":3797.91,"end":3798.39},{"text":"by","start":3798.39,"end":3798.55},{"text":"the","start":3798.55,"end":3798.63},{"text":"deep","start":3798.63,"end":3798.95},{"text":"reflection","start":3798.95,"end":3799.67},{"text":"on","start":3799.67,"end":3799.79},{"text":"the","start":3799.79,"end":3799.91},{"text":"two","start":3799.91,"end":3800.23},{"text":"world","start":3800.23,"end":3800.55},{"text":"wars,","start":3800.55,"end":3801.11},{"text":"states","start":3801.59,"end":3802.23},{"text":"have","start":3802.55,"end":3802.87},{"text":"worked","start":3802.87,"end":3803.31},{"text":"together","start":3803.31,"end":3803.75},{"text":"to","start":3803.75,"end":3803.95},{"text":"establish","start":3803.95,"end":3804.55},{"text":"an","start":3804.71,"end":3804.87},{"text":"international","start":3804.87,"end":3805.51},{"text":"system","start":3805.51,"end":3806.03},{"text":"with","start":3806.07,"end":3806.27},{"text":"the","start":3806.27,"end":3806.35},{"text":"United","start":3806.35,"end":3806.75},{"text":"Nations","start":3806.75,"end":3807.19},{"text":"at","start":3807.43,"end":3807.59},{"text":"its","start":3807.59,"end":3807.75},{"text":"core,","start":3807.75,"end":3808.03},{"text":"an","start":3808.03,"end":3808.11},{"text":"international","start":3808.31,"end":3809.07},{"text":"order","start":3809.07,"end":3809.43},{"text":"based","start":3809.67,"end":3810.07},{"text":"on","start":3810.07,"end":3810.23},{"text":"international","start":3810.23,"end":3811.07},{"text":"law","start":3811.07,"end":3811.19},{"text":"and","start":3811.75,"end":3812.23},{"text":"the","start":3812.55,"end":3812.67},{"text":"fundamental","start":3812.67,"end":3813.23},{"text":"norms","start":3813.23,"end":3813.51},{"text":"governing","start":3813.51,"end":3813.91},{"text":"international","start":3813.91,"end":3814.55},{"text":"relations.","start":3814.55,"end":3814.99}]},{"text":"based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.","start":3815.51,"end":3818.23,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"based","start":3815.51,"end":3815.91},{"text":"on","start":3815.91,"end":3815.99},{"text":"the","start":3815.99,"end":3816.07},{"text":"purposes","start":3816.07,"end":3816.51},{"text":"and","start":3816.51,"end":3816.63},{"text":"principles","start":3816.63,"end":3817.27},{"text":"of","start":3817.27,"end":3817.35},{"text":"the","start":3817.35,"end":3817.47},{"text":"UN","start":3817.47,"end":3817.75},{"text":"Charter.","start":3817.75,"end":3818.23}]},{"text":"Fast forward to today, we're alarmed to witness the resurgence of unilateralism, the rampant rise of power politics, and the unbridled resort to bullying, all of which severely undermine the international rule of law.","start":3818.87,"end":3834.79,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Fast","start":3818.87,"end":3819.27},{"text":"forward","start":3819.27,"end":3819.75},{"text":"to","start":3819.75,"end":3819.99},{"text":"today,","start":3819.99,"end":3820.55},{"text":"we're","start":3820.95,"end":3821.19},{"text":"alarmed","start":3821.19,"end":3821.47},{"text":"to","start":3821.47,"end":3821.75},{"text":"witness","start":3821.75,"end":3822.23},{"text":"the","start":3822.47,"end":3822.63},{"text":"resurgence","start":3822.63,"end":3823.99},{"text":"of","start":3823.99,"end":3824.23},{"text":"unilateralism,","start":3824.23,"end":3825.11},{"text":"the","start":3825.43,"end":3825.55},{"text":"rampant","start":3825.55,"end":3825.99},{"text":"rise","start":3825.99,"end":3826.31},{"text":"of","start":3826.31,"end":3826.51},{"text":"power","start":3826.51,"end":3826.87},{"text":"politics,","start":3826.87,"end":3827.51},{"text":"and","start":3827.51,"end":3827.91},{"text":"the","start":3828.23,"end":3828.35},{"text":"unbridled","start":3828.39,"end":3829.03},{"text":"resort","start":3829.03,"end":3829.55},{"text":"to","start":3829.55,"end":3829.63},{"text":"bullying,","start":3829.63,"end":3830.15},{"text":"all","start":3831.03,"end":3831.15},{"text":"of","start":3831.15,"end":3831.23},{"text":"which","start":3831.23,"end":3831.67},{"text":"severely","start":3831.83,"end":3832.47},{"text":"undermine","start":3832.47,"end":3833.03},{"text":"the","start":3833.27,"end":3833.39},{"text":"international","start":3833.39,"end":3833.99},{"text":"rule","start":3833.99,"end":3834.23},{"text":"of","start":3834.23,"end":3834.31},{"text":"law.","start":3834.31,"end":3834.79}]},{"text":"More than ever, we need to strengthen unity and cooperation, revitalize the rule of law at the international level, and strive to realize the vision of peace, security, prosperity, and progress.","start":3836.27,"end":3850.51,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":3836.27,"end":3836.51},{"text":"than","start":3836.51,"end":3836.67},{"text":"ever,","start":3836.67,"end":3837.15},{"text":"we","start":3837.31,"end":3837.55},{"text":"need","start":3837.55,"end":3837.75},{"text":"to","start":3837.75,"end":3837.87},{"text":"strengthen","start":3837.87,"end":3838.51},{"text":"unity","start":3838.51,"end":3839.23},{"text":"and","start":3839.31,"end":3839.63},{"text":"cooperation,","start":3839.63,"end":3840.43},{"text":"revitalize","start":3840.75,"end":3841.55},{"text":"the","start":3841.55,"end":3841.67},{"text":"rule","start":3841.67,"end":3841.91},{"text":"of","start":3841.91,"end":3842.03},{"text":"law","start":3842.03,"end":3842.35},{"text":"at","start":3842.51,"end":3842.75},{"text":"the","start":3842.75,"end":3842.83},{"text":"international","start":3842.83,"end":3843.35},{"text":"level,","start":3843.35,"end":3843.79},{"text":"and","start":3844.19,"end":3844.43},{"text":"strive","start":3844.43,"end":3844.99},{"text":"to","start":3844.99,"end":3845.11},{"text":"realize","start":3845.11,"end":3845.79},{"text":"the","start":3846.03,"end":3846.11},{"text":"vision","start":3846.11,"end":3846.51},{"text":"of","start":3846.51,"end":3846.75},{"text":"peace,","start":3846.99,"end":3847.59},{"text":"security,","start":3847.59,"end":3848.35},{"text":"prosperity,","start":3848.51,"end":3849.31},{"text":"and","start":3849.63,"end":3849.87},{"text":"progress.","start":3849.87,"end":3850.51}]},{"text":"First, we must resolutely uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.","start":3852.11,"end":3857.47,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3852.11,"end":3852.59},{"text":"we","start":3852.75,"end":3852.99},{"text":"must","start":3852.99,"end":3853.31},{"text":"resolutely","start":3853.39,"end":3854.11},{"text":"uphold","start":3854.11,"end":3854.67},{"text":"the","start":3854.91,"end":3855.03},{"text":"purposes","start":3855.03,"end":3855.51},{"text":"and","start":3855.51,"end":3855.63},{"text":"principles","start":3855.63,"end":3856.27},{"text":"of","start":3856.43,"end":3856.59},{"text":"the","start":3856.59,"end":3856.71},{"text":"UN","start":3856.71,"end":3856.99},{"text":"Charter.","start":3856.99,"end":3857.47}]},{"text":"The United Nations Charter is the fundamental guideline for handling international relations, and an important bedrock for stable international order.","start":3859.07,"end":3869.15,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3859.07,"end":3859.19},{"text":"United","start":3859.31,"end":3859.67},{"text":"Nations","start":3859.67,"end":3860.03},{"text":"Charter","start":3860.03,"end":3860.55},{"text":"is","start":3860.59,"end":3860.83},{"text":"the","start":3860.83,"end":3860.91},{"text":"fundamental","start":3860.91,"end":3861.47},{"text":"guideline","start":3861.47,"end":3862.11},{"text":"for","start":3862.43,"end":3862.75},{"text":"handling","start":3862.75,"end":3863.23},{"text":"international","start":3863.23,"end":3863.87},{"text":"relations,","start":3863.87,"end":3864.51},{"text":"and","start":3864.91,"end":3865.39},{"text":"an","start":3865.75,"end":3865.83},{"text":"important","start":3865.87,"end":3866.43},{"text":"bedrock","start":3866.43,"end":3866.99},{"text":"for","start":3867.31,"end":3867.55},{"text":"stable","start":3867.55,"end":3868.03},{"text":"international","start":3868.03,"end":3868.75},{"text":"order.","start":3868.75,"end":3869.15}]},{"text":"The myriads of challenges that the world faces today does not mean that the Charter is outdated, but rather that its purposes and principles have not been effectively implemented.","start":3870.03,"end":3881.63,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3870.03,"end":3870.11},{"text":"myriads","start":3870.11,"end":3870.75},{"text":"of","start":3870.75,"end":3870.91},{"text":"challenges","start":3870.91,"end":3871.55},{"text":"that","start":3871.71,"end":3871.91},{"text":"the","start":3871.91,"end":3872.03},{"text":"world","start":3872.03,"end":3872.27},{"text":"faces","start":3872.27,"end":3872.75},{"text":"today","start":3872.75,"end":3873.31},{"text":"does","start":3873.71,"end":3873.95},{"text":"not","start":3873.95,"end":3874.19},{"text":"mean","start":3874.19,"end":3874.59},{"text":"that","start":3874.83,"end":3875.03},{"text":"the","start":3875.03,"end":3875.11},{"text":"Charter","start":3875.11,"end":3875.55},{"text":"is","start":3875.55,"end":3875.79},{"text":"outdated,","start":3875.87,"end":3876.43},{"text":"but","start":3876.59,"end":3876.75},{"text":"rather","start":3876.75,"end":3877.15},{"text":"that","start":3877.47,"end":3877.71},{"text":"its","start":3877.71,"end":3877.87},{"text":"purposes","start":3877.87,"end":3878.31},{"text":"and","start":3878.31,"end":3878.43},{"text":"principles","start":3878.43,"end":3879.07},{"text":"have","start":3879.23,"end":3879.47},{"text":"not","start":3879.47,"end":3879.71},{"text":"been","start":3879.71,"end":3880.03},{"text":"effectively","start":3880.03,"end":3880.83},{"text":"implemented.","start":3880.83,"end":3881.63}]},{"text":"All states should treat each other as equals, respect each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity, commit themselves to the peaceful settlement of disputes, oppose the use or threat of force in international relations, and abide by the golden rule of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries.","start":3882.35,"end":3904.55,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":3882.35,"end":3882.51},{"text":"states","start":3882.51,"end":3883.07},{"text":"should","start":3883.15,"end":3883.43},{"text":"treat","start":3883.43,"end":3883.79},{"text":"each","start":3883.79,"end":3884.03},{"text":"other","start":3884.03,"end":3884.35},{"text":"as","start":3884.35,"end":3884.67},{"text":"equals,","start":3884.67,"end":3885.15},{"text":"respect","start":3885.55,"end":3886.15},{"text":"each","start":3886.15,"end":3886.35},{"text":"other's","start":3886.35,"end":3886.71},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3886.71,"end":3887.31},{"text":"and","start":3887.55,"end":3887.91},{"text":"territorial","start":3887.91,"end":3888.63},{"text":"integrity,","start":3888.63,"end":3889.31},{"text":"commit","start":3889.63,"end":3890.19},{"text":"themselves","start":3890.19,"end":3890.91},{"text":"to","start":3891.07,"end":3891.19},{"text":"the","start":3891.19,"end":3891.31},{"text":"peaceful","start":3891.31,"end":3891.87},{"text":"settlement","start":3891.87,"end":3892.43},{"text":"of","start":3892.75,"end":3892.91},{"text":"disputes,","start":3892.91,"end":3893.63},{"text":"oppose","start":3894.07,"end":3894.87},{"text":"the","start":3895.67,"end":3895.79},{"text":"use","start":3895.79,"end":3896.07},{"text":"or","start":3896.07,"end":3896.27},{"text":"threat","start":3896.27,"end":3896.71},{"text":"of","start":3896.75,"end":3896.83},{"text":"force","start":3896.87,"end":3897.35},{"text":"in","start":3897.51,"end":3897.75},{"text":"international","start":3897.91,"end":3898.55},{"text":"relations,","start":3898.55,"end":3899.19},{"text":"and","start":3899.43,"end":3899.67},{"text":"abide","start":3899.67,"end":3900.03},{"text":"by","start":3900.03,"end":3900.31},{"text":"the","start":3900.31,"end":3900.43},{"text":"golden","start":3900.43,"end":3900.71},{"text":"rule","start":3900.71,"end":3901.03},{"text":"of","start":3901.27,"end":3901.51},{"text":"non-interference","start":3901.51,"end":3902.39},{"text":"in","start":3902.59,"end":3902.71},{"text":"the","start":3902.71,"end":3902.83},{"text":"internal","start":3902.83,"end":3903.23},{"text":"affairs","start":3903.23,"end":3903.59},{"text":"of","start":3903.59,"end":3903.79},{"text":"other","start":3903.79,"end":3903.99},{"text":"countries.","start":3903.99,"end":3904.55}]},{"text":"Secondly, we must staunchly maintain the authority of international rule of law.","start":3905.59,"end":3911.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":3905.59,"end":3906.31},{"text":"we","start":3906.55,"end":3906.79},{"text":"must","start":3906.79,"end":3907.11},{"text":"staunchly","start":3907.27,"end":3907.99},{"text":"maintain","start":3907.99,"end":3908.63},{"text":"the","start":3908.95,"end":3909.07},{"text":"authority","start":3909.07,"end":3909.75},{"text":"of","start":3909.75,"end":3909.91},{"text":"international","start":3909.91,"end":3910.55},{"text":"rule","start":3910.55,"end":3910.71},{"text":"of","start":3910.71,"end":3910.79},{"text":"law.","start":3910.79,"end":3911.19}]},{"text":"International law is a common standard.","start":3912.23,"end":3914.63,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":3912.23,"end":3913.15},{"text":"law","start":3913.15,"end":3913.23},{"text":"is","start":3913.43,"end":3913.59},{"text":"a","start":3913.59,"end":3913.63},{"text":"common","start":3913.63,"end":3913.99},{"text":"standard.","start":3913.99,"end":3914.63}]},{"text":"that is equally and uniformly applicable to all states.","start":3916.67,"end":3921.23,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"that","start":3916.67,"end":3916.91},{"text":"is","start":3916.91,"end":3917.07},{"text":"equally","start":3917.07,"end":3917.63},{"text":"and","start":3917.87,"end":3918.19},{"text":"uniformly","start":3918.19,"end":3919.35},{"text":"applicable","start":3919.35,"end":3920.35},{"text":"to","start":3920.35,"end":3920.59},{"text":"all","start":3920.59,"end":3920.67},{"text":"states.","start":3920.67,"end":3921.23}]},{"text":"It does not and shall not have any exceptions.","start":3921.47,"end":3924.51,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3921.47,"end":3921.63},{"text":"does","start":3921.63,"end":3921.79},{"text":"not","start":3921.79,"end":3922.19},{"text":"and","start":3922.51,"end":3922.67},{"text":"shall","start":3922.67,"end":3922.87},{"text":"not","start":3922.87,"end":3923.07},{"text":"have","start":3923.07,"end":3923.31},{"text":"any","start":3923.39,"end":3923.79},{"text":"exceptions.","start":3923.79,"end":3924.51}]},{"text":"We never believe that any country has the right to act as international police, nor do we accept that any country can style itself as an international judge.","start":3924.67,"end":3934.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3924.67,"end":3924.83},{"text":"never","start":3924.83,"end":3925.07},{"text":"believe","start":3925.07,"end":3925.35},{"text":"that","start":3925.35,"end":3925.63},{"text":"any","start":3925.63,"end":3925.79},{"text":"country","start":3925.79,"end":3926.19},{"text":"has","start":3926.19,"end":3926.35},{"text":"the","start":3926.35,"end":3926.47},{"text":"right","start":3926.47,"end":3926.75},{"text":"to","start":3926.99,"end":3927.15},{"text":"act","start":3927.15,"end":3927.47},{"text":"as","start":3927.47,"end":3927.71},{"text":"international","start":3927.71,"end":3928.35},{"text":"police,","start":3928.35,"end":3928.83},{"text":"nor","start":3929.31,"end":3929.63},{"text":"do","start":3929.63,"end":3929.79},{"text":"we","start":3929.79,"end":3929.91},{"text":"accept","start":3929.91,"end":3930.43},{"text":"that","start":3930.91,"end":3931.11},{"text":"any","start":3931.11,"end":3931.27},{"text":"country","start":3931.27,"end":3931.63},{"text":"can","start":3931.63,"end":3931.87},{"text":"style","start":3931.87,"end":3932.19},{"text":"itself","start":3932.19,"end":3932.67},{"text":"as","start":3932.99,"end":3933.39},{"text":"an","start":3933.43,"end":3933.63},{"text":"international","start":3933.63,"end":3934.27},{"text":"judge.","start":3934.27,"end":3934.75}]},{"text":"The world cannot revert to the law of the jungle where the strong prey on the weak.","start":3936.43,"end":3942.19,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":3942.87,"end":3942.99},{"text":"states","start":3942.99,"end":3943.43},{"text":"must","start":3943.43,"end":3943.75},{"text":"abide","start":3943.75,"end":3944.07},{"text":"by","start":3944.07,"end":3944.31},{"text":"universally","start":3944.63,"end":3945.27},{"text":"recognized","start":3945.27,"end":3945.95},{"text":"international","start":3945.95,"end":3946.59},{"text":"rules,","start":3946.59,"end":3947.03},{"text":"honor","start":3947.27,"end":3947.75},{"text":"commonly","start":3947.83,"end":3948.31},{"text":"agreed","start":3948.31,"end":3948.79},{"text":"international","start":3948.79,"end":3949.43},{"text":"treaties,","start":3949.43,"end":3949.99},{"text":"and","start":3950.23,"end":3950.63},{"text":"fulfill","start":3950.63,"end":3951.19},{"text":"their","start":3951.43,"end":3951.63},{"text":"respective","start":3951.63,"end":3952.23},{"text":"international","start":3952.23,"end":3953.03},{"text":"obligations.","start":3953.03,"end":3953.75}]},{"text":"Major powers should play a leading role in this regard.","start":3954.55,"end":3957.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Major","start":3954.55,"end":3954.87},{"text":"powers","start":3954.87,"end":3955.43},{"text":"should","start":3955.51,"end":3955.79},{"text":"play","start":3955.79,"end":3956.07},{"text":"a","start":3956.15,"end":3956.19},{"text":"leading","start":3956.19,"end":3956.47},{"text":"role","start":3956.47,"end":3956.71},{"text":"in","start":3956.71,"end":3956.83},{"text":"this","start":3956.83,"end":3957.03},{"text":"regard.","start":3957.03,"end":3957.51}]},{"text":"They must refrain from double standards or selective application, nor should they impose their own will on others.","start":3957.75,"end":3965.19,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3984.27,"end":3984.39},{"text":"future","start":3984.39,"end":3984.71},{"text":"of","start":3984.71,"end":3984.79},{"text":"the","start":3984.79,"end":3984.87},{"text":"world","start":3984.87,"end":3985.23},{"text":"should","start":3985.39,"end":3985.67},{"text":"be","start":3985.67,"end":3985.87},{"text":"jointly","start":3985.87,"end":3986.27},{"text":"shaped","start":3986.27,"end":3986.67},{"text":"by","start":3986.67,"end":3986.91},{"text":"all","start":3986.91,"end":3987.07},{"text":"countries.","start":3987.07,"end":3987.63}]},{"text":"International rules should be formulated by all states, and the benefits of development should be shared by all nations.","start":3987.79,"end":3994.03,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":3987.79,"end":3988.47},{"text":"rules","start":3988.47,"end":3988.83},{"text":"should","start":3988.99,"end":3989.23},{"text":"be","start":3989.23,"end":3989.39},{"text":"formulated","start":3989.39,"end":3990.03},{"text":"by","start":3990.03,"end":3990.27},{"text":"all","start":3990.27,"end":3990.35},{"text":"states,","start":3990.35,"end":3990.83},{"text":"and","start":3991.07,"end":3991.27},{"text":"the","start":3991.27,"end":3991.35},{"text":"benefits","start":3991.35,"end":3991.71},{"text":"of","start":3991.71,"end":3991.83},{"text":"development","start":3991.83,"end":3992.35},{"text":"should","start":3992.43,"end":3992.67},{"text":"be","start":3992.67,"end":3992.75},{"text":"shared","start":3992.75,"end":3993.07},{"text":"by","start":3993.07,"end":3993.31},{"text":"all","start":3993.31,"end":3993.39},{"text":"nations.","start":3993.39,"end":3994.03}]},{"text":"No single country should dictate terms based on its power, and a winner-takes-all approach is unacceptable.","start":3994.35,"end":4001.55,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":3994.35,"end":3994.59},{"text":"single","start":3994.59,"end":3994.99},{"text":"country","start":3994.99,"end":3995.39},{"text":"should","start":3995.39,"end":3995.71},{"text":"dictate","start":3996.03,"end":3996.55},{"text":"terms","start":3996.55,"end":3996.99},{"text":"based","start":3997.23,"end":3997.63},{"text":"on","start":3997.63,"end":3997.87},{"text":"its","start":3997.87,"end":3998.03},{"text":"power,","start":3998.03,"end":3998.43},{"text":"and","start":3998.59,"end":3998.79},{"text":"a","start":3998.79,"end":3998.83},{"text":"winner-takes-all","start":3998.83,"end":3999.55},{"text":"approach","start":3999.55,"end":4000.03},{"text":"is","start":4000.27,"end":4000.59},{"text":"unacceptable.","start":4000.67,"end":4001.55}]},{"text":"We must advocate and practice true multilateralism, promoting equality of rights, rules, and opportunities among all states, and continuously increase the representation and voice of developing countries in the international system.","start":4001.87,"end":4017.15,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4001.87,"end":4002.07},{"text":"must","start":4002.07,"end":4002.51},{"text":"advocate","start":4002.51,"end":4003.07},{"text":"and","start":4003.31,"end":4003.47},{"text":"practice","start":4003.47,"end":4004.03},{"text":"true","start":4004.27,"end":4004.59},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":4004.59,"end":4005.55},{"text":"promoting","start":4005.87,"end":4006.43},{"text":"equality","start":4006.43,"end":4006.95},{"text":"of","start":4006.95,"end":4007.03},{"text":"rights,","start":4007.03,"end":4007.55},{"text":"rules,","start":4007.71,"end":4008.11},{"text":"and","start":4008.19,"end":4008.51},{"text":"opportunities","start":4008.51,"end":4009.27},{"text":"among","start":4009.27,"end":4009.55},{"text":"all","start":4009.55,"end":4009.71},{"text":"states,","start":4009.71,"end":4010.19},{"text":"and","start":4010.43,"end":4010.71},{"text":"continuously","start":4010.75,"end":4011.47},{"text":"increase","start":4011.47,"end":4012.19},{"text":"the","start":4012.43,"end":4012.55},{"text":"representation","start":4012.55,"end":4013.39},{"text":"and","start":4013.39,"end":4013.55},{"text":"voice","start":4013.55,"end":4014.03},{"text":"of","start":4014.27,"end":4014.51},{"text":"developing","start":4014.51,"end":4014.91},{"text":"countries","start":4014.91,"end":4015.47},{"text":"in","start":4015.63,"end":4015.83},{"text":"the","start":4015.83,"end":4015.91},{"text":"international","start":4015.91,"end":4016.67},{"text":"system.","start":4016.67,"end":4017.15}]},{"text":"Fourth, we must support the United Nations in playing its central role.","start":4019.31,"end":4023.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":4019.31,"end":4019.75},{"text":"we","start":4019.95,"end":4020.11},{"text":"must","start":4020.11,"end":4020.51},{"text":"support","start":4020.51,"end":4020.99},{"text":"the","start":4021.23,"end":4021.35},{"text":"United","start":4021.35,"end":4021.67},{"text":"Nations","start":4021.67,"end":4022.11},{"text":"in","start":4022.11,"end":4022.35},{"text":"playing","start":4022.35,"end":4022.75},{"text":"its","start":4022.75,"end":4023.03},{"text":"central","start":4023.03,"end":4023.55},{"text":"role.","start":4023.55,"end":4023.71}]},{"text":"The United Nations is the most universal, representative and authoritative intergovernmental organization and an important platform for all countries, especially small and medium-sized ones, to participate in international affairs on an equal footing.","start":4024.27,"end":4040.11,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4024.27,"end":4024.39},{"text":"United","start":4024.39,"end":4024.71},{"text":"Nations","start":4024.71,"end":4025.15},{"text":"is","start":4025.31,"end":4025.43},{"text":"the","start":4025.43,"end":4025.55},{"text":"most","start":4025.55,"end":4025.95},{"text":"universal,","start":4025.95,"end":4026.67},{"text":"representative","start":4026.79,"end":4027.63},{"text":"and","start":4027.95,"end":4028.27},{"text":"authoritative","start":4028.27,"end":4029.15},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":4029.23,"end":4030.27},{"text":"organization","start":4030.27,"end":4031.07},{"text":"and","start":4031.55,"end":4031.79},{"text":"an","start":4031.79,"end":4031.87},{"text":"important","start":4031.87,"end":4032.39},{"text":"platform","start":4032.39,"end":4032.91},{"text":"for","start":4033.07,"end":4033.39},{"text":"all","start":4033.39,"end":4033.47},{"text":"countries,","start":4033.47,"end":4034.03},{"text":"especially","start":4034.35,"end":4034.99},{"text":"small","start":4034.99,"end":4035.39},{"text":"and","start":4035.51,"end":4035.63},{"text":"medium-sized","start":4035.63,"end":4036.27},{"text":"ones,","start":4036.27,"end":4036.59},{"text":"to","start":4036.75,"end":4036.91},{"text":"participate","start":4036.91,"end":4037.63},{"text":"in","start":4037.87,"end":4037.99},{"text":"international","start":4037.99,"end":4038.63},{"text":"affairs","start":4038.63,"end":4039.07},{"text":"on","start":4039.07,"end":4039.15},{"text":"an","start":4039.15,"end":4039.31},{"text":"equal","start":4039.31,"end":4039.67},{"text":"footing.","start":4039.67,"end":4040.11}]},{"text":"The more complex this international situation, the more important it is to uphold the authority and standing of the United Nations.","start":4044.11,"end":4051.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4044.11,"end":4044.19},{"text":"more","start":4044.19,"end":4044.35},{"text":"complex","start":4044.35,"end":4044.91},{"text":"this","start":4044.91,"end":4045.07},{"text":"international","start":4045.23,"end":4045.83},{"text":"situation,","start":4045.83,"end":4046.51},{"text":"the","start":4046.51,"end":4046.59},{"text":"more","start":4046.59,"end":4046.79},{"text":"important","start":4046.79,"end":4047.31},{"text":"it","start":4047.31,"end":4047.43},{"text":"is","start":4047.43,"end":4047.63},{"text":"to","start":4047.95,"end":4048.19},{"text":"uphold","start":4048.19,"end":4048.67},{"text":"the","start":4048.83,"end":4048.95},{"text":"authority","start":4048.95,"end":4049.63},{"text":"and","start":4049.63,"end":4049.95},{"text":"standing","start":4049.95,"end":4050.51},{"text":"of","start":4050.59,"end":4050.79},{"text":"the","start":4050.79,"end":4050.95},{"text":"United","start":4050.99,"end":4051.39},{"text":"Nations.","start":4051.39,"end":4051.87}]},{"text":"The role of the UN must be strengthened rather than weakened.","start":4052.11,"end":4055.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4052.11,"end":4052.23},{"text":"role","start":4052.23,"end":4052.51},{"text":"of","start":4052.51,"end":4052.59},{"text":"the","start":4052.59,"end":4052.71},{"text":"UN","start":4052.71,"end":4053.07},{"text":"must","start":4053.07,"end":4053.31},{"text":"be","start":4053.31,"end":4053.47},{"text":"strengthened","start":4053.47,"end":4054.03},{"text":"rather","start":4054.35,"end":4054.67},{"text":"than","start":4054.67,"end":4054.83},{"text":"weakened.","start":4054.83,"end":4055.31}]},{"text":"We shall not cherry-pick our commitment to the organization, nor shall we bypass the UN and create alternative mechanisms.","start":4055.55,"end":4063.23,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4055.55,"end":4055.71},{"text":"shall","start":4055.71,"end":4055.87},{"text":"not","start":4055.87,"end":4056.19},{"text":"cherry-pick","start":4056.19,"end":4056.83},{"text":"our","start":4057.07,"end":4057.23},{"text":"commitment","start":4057.23,"end":4057.91},{"text":"to","start":4057.91,"end":4058.03},{"text":"the","start":4058.03,"end":4058.15},{"text":"organization,","start":4058.15,"end":4058.91},{"text":"nor","start":4059.15,"end":4059.39},{"text":"shall","start":4059.39,"end":4059.55},{"text":"we","start":4059.55,"end":4059.71},{"text":"bypass","start":4059.71,"end":4060.19},{"text":"the","start":4060.19,"end":4060.31},{"text":"UN","start":4060.31,"end":4060.67},{"text":"and","start":4060.67,"end":4060.95},{"text":"create","start":4060.95,"end":4061.23},{"text":"alternative","start":4061.31,"end":4062.03},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":4062.43,"end":4063.23}]},{"text":"The Security Council bears the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.","start":4063.95,"end":4070.03,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4070.19,"end":4070.39},{"text":"such,","start":4070.39,"end":4070.75},{"text":"its","start":4070.99,"end":4071.27},{"text":"status","start":4071.27,"end":4071.71},{"text":"and","start":4071.71,"end":4071.87},{"text":"role","start":4071.87,"end":4072.19},{"text":"are","start":4072.43,"end":4072.75},{"text":"irreplaceable.","start":4072.75,"end":4073.63}]},{"text":"President, the victory of the Second World War defended the moral red line of humanity and gave rise to the modern international law system.","start":4075.11,"end":4084.31,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":4075.11,"end":4075.75},{"text":"the","start":4076.15,"end":4076.27},{"text":"victory","start":4076.27,"end":4076.79},{"text":"of","start":4076.79,"end":4076.95},{"text":"the","start":4076.95,"end":4077.03},{"text":"Second","start":4077.03,"end":4077.35},{"text":"World","start":4077.35,"end":4077.63},{"text":"War","start":4077.63,"end":4077.99},{"text":"defended","start":4078.15,"end":4078.79},{"text":"the","start":4078.79,"end":4078.91},{"text":"moral","start":4078.91,"end":4079.31},{"text":"red","start":4079.31,"end":4079.51},{"text":"line","start":4079.51,"end":4079.83},{"text":"of","start":4079.83,"end":4080.03},{"text":"humanity","start":4080.03,"end":4080.71},{"text":"and","start":4081.03,"end":4081.43},{"text":"gave","start":4081.43,"end":4081.75},{"text":"rise","start":4081.75,"end":4082.23},{"text":"to","start":4082.39,"end":4082.55},{"text":"the","start":4082.55,"end":4082.63},{"text":"modern","start":4082.63,"end":4083.03},{"text":"international","start":4083.03,"end":4083.71},{"text":"law","start":4083.71,"end":4083.79},{"text":"system.","start":4083.79,"end":4084.31}]},{"text":"Eighty years ago, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East tried Japanese war criminals and handed down severe punishment against the main perpetrators whose hands were stained with the blood of peoples of victim countries.","start":4085.03,"end":4100.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Eighty","start":4085.03,"end":4085.51},{"text":"years","start":4085.51,"end":4085.75},{"text":"ago,","start":4085.75,"end":4086.07},{"text":"the","start":4086.55,"end":4086.67},{"text":"International","start":4086.67,"end":4087.27},{"text":"Military","start":4087.27,"end":4087.59},{"text":"Tribunal","start":4087.59,"end":4088.15},{"text":"for","start":4088.15,"end":4088.31},{"text":"the","start":4088.31,"end":4088.39},{"text":"Far","start":4088.39,"end":4088.71},{"text":"East","start":4088.71,"end":4089.03},{"text":"tried","start":4089.27,"end":4089.75},{"text":"Japanese","start":4089.75,"end":4090.23},{"text":"war","start":4090.23,"end":4090.43},{"text":"criminals","start":4090.43,"end":4090.95},{"text":"and","start":4091.35,"end":4091.67},{"text":"handed","start":4091.83,"end":4092.39},{"text":"down","start":4092.39,"end":4092.79},{"text":"severe","start":4093.31,"end":4093.71},{"text":"punishment","start":4093.71,"end":4094.43},{"text":"against","start":4094.43,"end":4094.83},{"text":"the","start":4094.83,"end":4094.95},{"text":"main","start":4094.95,"end":4095.23},{"text":"perpetrators","start":4095.23,"end":4095.95},{"text":"whose","start":4096.11,"end":4096.35},{"text":"hands","start":4096.35,"end":4096.75},{"text":"were","start":4096.75,"end":4096.91},{"text":"stained","start":4096.91,"end":4097.39},{"text":"with","start":4097.47,"end":4097.71},{"text":"the","start":4097.71,"end":4097.79},{"text":"blood","start":4097.79,"end":4098.19},{"text":"of","start":4098.19,"end":4098.27},{"text":"peoples","start":4098.27,"end":4098.83},{"text":"of","start":4099.07,"end":4099.27},{"text":"victim","start":4099.27,"end":4099.59},{"text":"countries.","start":4099.59,"end":4100.19}]},{"text":"The tribunal's rulings upheld international justice, maintained human dignity, and represented a stern warning against any illegal attempts to resurrect militarism or revive aggression and expansionism.","start":4100.35,"end":4115.63,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4100.35,"end":4100.47},{"text":"tribunal's","start":4100.47,"end":4101.03},{"text":"rulings","start":4101.03,"end":4101.47},{"text":"upheld","start":4101.71,"end":4102.15},{"text":"international","start":4102.15,"end":4102.75},{"text":"justice,","start":4102.75,"end":4103.23},{"text":"maintained","start":4103.47,"end":4104.03},{"text":"human","start":4104.03,"end":4104.39},{"text":"dignity,","start":4104.39,"end":4104.99},{"text":"and","start":4105.55,"end":4105.91},{"text":"represented","start":4105.91,"end":4106.67},{"text":"a","start":4107.07,"end":4107.11},{"text":"stern","start":4107.11,"end":4107.47},{"text":"warning","start":4107.47,"end":4108.03},{"text":"against","start":4108.43,"end":4108.91},{"text":"any","start":4108.99,"end":4109.31},{"text":"illegal","start":4109.31,"end":4109.75},{"text":"attempts","start":4109.75,"end":4110.27},{"text":"to","start":4110.59,"end":4110.83},{"text":"resurrect","start":4110.83,"end":4111.47},{"text":"militarism","start":4111.47,"end":4112.27},{"text":"or","start":4112.59,"end":4112.87},{"text":"revive","start":4112.87,"end":4113.39},{"text":"aggression","start":4113.39,"end":4114.11},{"text":"and","start":4114.43,"end":4114.75},{"text":"expansionism.","start":4114.79,"end":4115.63}]},{"text":"Recently, however, Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi made some regressive statements that defy the tide of history.","start":4117.15,"end":4126.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Recently,","start":4117.15,"end":4117.71},{"text":"however,","start":4117.71,"end":4118.35},{"text":"Japanese","start":4119.47,"end":4119.79},{"text":"Prime","start":4119.79,"end":4119.99},{"text":"Minister","start":4119.99,"end":4120.43},{"text":"Sanae","start":4120.43,"end":4120.83},{"text":"Takaichi","start":4120.83,"end":4121.71},{"text":"made","start":4122.03,"end":4122.27},{"text":"some","start":4122.27,"end":4122.59},{"text":"regressive","start":4122.59,"end":4123.23},{"text":"statements","start":4123.23,"end":4123.95},{"text":"that","start":4124.19,"end":4124.51},{"text":"defy","start":4124.59,"end":4125.07},{"text":"the","start":4125.07,"end":4125.19},{"text":"tide","start":4125.19,"end":4125.55},{"text":"of","start":4125.59,"end":4125.71},{"text":"history.","start":4125.71,"end":4126.27}]},{"text":"She blatantly linked Taiwan province of China to the so-called situation of existential crisis for Japan and sent a wrong message, implying Japan's possible armed intervention in the Taiwan question.","start":4126.35,"end":4138.99,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"She","start":4126.35,"end":4126.59},{"text":"blatantly","start":4126.59,"end":4127.23},{"text":"linked","start":4127.23,"end":4127.67},{"text":"Taiwan","start":4127.67,"end":4128.03},{"text":"province","start":4128.03,"end":4128.51},{"text":"of","start":4128.51,"end":4128.59},{"text":"China","start":4128.59,"end":4129.07},{"text":"to","start":4129.31,"end":4129.39},{"text":"the","start":4129.39,"end":4129.47},{"text":"so-called","start":4129.47,"end":4129.95},{"text":"situation","start":4130.19,"end":4130.99},{"text":"of","start":4130.99,"end":4131.31},{"text":"existential","start":4131.55,"end":4132.51},{"text":"crisis","start":4132.51,"end":4133.23},{"text":"for","start":4133.23,"end":4133.55},{"text":"Japan","start":4133.55,"end":4134.11},{"text":"and","start":4134.35,"end":4134.51},{"text":"sent","start":4134.51,"end":4134.71},{"text":"a","start":4134.71,"end":4134.75},{"text":"wrong","start":4134.75,"end":4134.99},{"text":"message,","start":4134.99,"end":4135.63},{"text":"implying","start":4135.95,"end":4136.27},{"text":"Japan's","start":4136.27,"end":4136.67},{"text":"possible","start":4136.67,"end":4137.15},{"text":"armed","start":4137.15,"end":4137.39},{"text":"intervention","start":4137.39,"end":4137.95},{"text":"in","start":4137.95,"end":4138.07},{"text":"the","start":4138.07,"end":4138.15},{"text":"Taiwan","start":4138.15,"end":4138.43},{"text":"question.","start":4138.43,"end":4138.99}]},{"text":"China's recovery of Taiwan is a victorious outcome of the Second World War and an integral part of the post-war international order.","start":4143.31,"end":4149.83,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"China's","start":4143.31,"end":4143.59},{"text":"recovery","start":4143.59,"end":4143.95},{"text":"of","start":4143.95,"end":4144.03},{"text":"Taiwan","start":4144.03,"end":4144.39},{"text":"is","start":4144.39,"end":4144.55},{"text":"a","start":4144.55,"end":4144.59},{"text":"victorious","start":4144.59,"end":4145.35},{"text":"outcome","start":4145.35,"end":4145.83},{"text":"of","start":4145.83,"end":4145.99},{"text":"the","start":4145.99,"end":4146.07},{"text":"Second","start":4146.07,"end":4146.39},{"text":"World","start":4146.39,"end":4146.63},{"text":"War","start":4146.63,"end":4146.87},{"text":"and","start":4147.19,"end":4147.35},{"text":"an","start":4147.35,"end":4147.43},{"text":"integral","start":4147.43,"end":4147.83},{"text":"part","start":4147.83,"end":4148.11},{"text":"of","start":4148.11,"end":4148.19},{"text":"the","start":4148.19,"end":4148.31},{"text":"post-war","start":4148.31,"end":4148.87},{"text":"international","start":4148.87,"end":4149.47},{"text":"order.","start":4149.47,"end":4149.83}]},{"text":"This ironclad fact has been affirmed politically and has irrefutable historical and legal bases.","start":4150.39,"end":4156.79,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4150.39,"end":4150.71},{"text":"ironclad","start":4150.71,"end":4151.35},{"text":"fact","start":4151.35,"end":4151.75},{"text":"has","start":4151.99,"end":4152.23},{"text":"been","start":4152.23,"end":4152.39},{"text":"affirmed","start":4152.39,"end":4152.79},{"text":"politically","start":4152.79,"end":4153.51},{"text":"and","start":4153.67,"end":4153.83},{"text":"has","start":4153.83,"end":4154.15},{"text":"irrefutable","start":4154.23,"end":4154.95},{"text":"historical","start":4154.95,"end":4155.67},{"text":"and","start":4155.67,"end":4155.87},{"text":"legal","start":4155.87,"end":4156.07},{"text":"bases.","start":4156.07,"end":4156.79}]},{"text":"Takeichi's preposterous remarks constitute a brazen intervention in China's internal affairs, an open breach of Japan's international obligations as a defeated state, a wanton challenge to the international order based on international law, and a gross violation of the basic norms governing international relations founded on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.","start":4158.31,"end":4181.55,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Takeichi's","start":4158.31,"end":4159.03},{"text":"preposterous","start":4159.35,"end":4160.23},{"text":"remarks","start":4160.23,"end":4160.79},{"text":"constitute","start":4161.03,"end":4161.67},{"text":"a","start":4161.67,"end":4161.75},{"text":"brazen","start":4161.75,"end":4162.23},{"text":"intervention","start":4162.23,"end":4162.87},{"text":"in","start":4162.87,"end":4163.03},{"text":"China's","start":4163.03,"end":4163.47},{"text":"internal","start":4163.47,"end":4163.87},{"text":"affairs,","start":4163.87,"end":4164.31},{"text":"an","start":4164.67,"end":4164.79},{"text":"open","start":4164.79,"end":4165.19},{"text":"breach","start":4165.19,"end":4165.51},{"text":"of","start":4165.51,"end":4165.67},{"text":"Japan's","start":4165.67,"end":4166.07},{"text":"international","start":4166.07,"end":4166.67},{"text":"obligations","start":4166.67,"end":4167.35},{"text":"as","start":4167.35,"end":4167.59},{"text":"a","start":4167.59,"end":4167.63},{"text":"defeated","start":4167.63,"end":4168.07},{"text":"state,","start":4168.07,"end":4168.55},{"text":"a","start":4169.11,"end":4169.19},{"text":"wanton","start":4169.19,"end":4169.59},{"text":"challenge","start":4169.59,"end":4170.15},{"text":"to","start":4170.39,"end":4170.59},{"text":"the","start":4170.59,"end":4170.67},{"text":"international","start":4170.67,"end":4171.27},{"text":"order","start":4171.27,"end":4171.67},{"text":"based","start":4171.75,"end":4172.07},{"text":"on","start":4172.07,"end":4172.19},{"text":"international","start":4172.19,"end":4173.11},{"text":"law,","start":4173.11,"end":4173.19},{"text":"and","start":4173.83,"end":4174.23},{"text":"a","start":4174.71,"end":4174.79},{"text":"gross","start":4174.79,"end":4175.11},{"text":"violation","start":4175.11,"end":4175.75},{"text":"of","start":4175.75,"end":4175.91},{"text":"the","start":4175.91,"end":4175.99},{"text":"basic","start":4175.99,"end":4176.39},{"text":"norms","start":4176.39,"end":4176.79},{"text":"governing","start":4176.99,"end":4177.43},{"text":"international","start":4177.43,"end":4178.07},{"text":"relations","start":4178.07,"end":4178.63},{"text":"founded","start":4178.87,"end":4179.35},{"text":"on","start":4179.35,"end":4179.47},{"text":"the","start":4179.47,"end":4179.55},{"text":"purposes","start":4179.55,"end":4179.95},{"text":"and","start":4179.95,"end":4180.07},{"text":"principles","start":4180.07,"end":4180.67},{"text":"of","start":4180.67,"end":4180.79},{"text":"the","start":4180.79,"end":4180.91},{"text":"UN","start":4180.91,"end":4181.11},{"text":"Charter.","start":4181.11,"end":4181.55}]},{"text":"We urge Japan to face up to the history, reflect on the wrongdoings, and take concrete actions to address the concerns of the international community in a responsible manner.","start":4181.67,"end":4191.99,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4181.67,"end":4181.91},{"text":"urge","start":4181.91,"end":4182.19},{"text":"Japan","start":4182.19,"end":4182.55},{"text":"to","start":4182.55,"end":4182.71},{"text":"face","start":4182.71,"end":4183.11},{"text":"up","start":4183.11,"end":4183.27},{"text":"to","start":4183.27,"end":4183.39},{"text":"the","start":4183.39,"end":4183.47},{"text":"history,","start":4183.47,"end":4183.99},{"text":"reflect","start":4184.63,"end":4185.19},{"text":"on","start":4185.35,"end":4185.47},{"text":"the","start":4185.47,"end":4185.59},{"text":"wrongdoings,","start":4185.59,"end":4186.31},{"text":"and","start":4186.63,"end":4186.79},{"text":"take","start":4186.79,"end":4187.11},{"text":"concrete","start":4187.19,"end":4187.75},{"text":"actions","start":4187.75,"end":4188.23},{"text":"to","start":4188.47,"end":4188.59},{"text":"address","start":4188.59,"end":4188.95},{"text":"the","start":4188.95,"end":4189.03},{"text":"concerns","start":4189.03,"end":4189.55},{"text":"of","start":4189.55,"end":4189.67},{"text":"the","start":4189.67,"end":4189.75},{"text":"international","start":4189.75,"end":4190.31},{"text":"community","start":4190.31,"end":4190.83},{"text":"in","start":4190.83,"end":4190.99},{"text":"a","start":4190.99,"end":4191.03},{"text":"responsible","start":4191.03,"end":4191.63},{"text":"manner.","start":4191.63,"end":4191.99}]},{"text":"President, more than 70 years ago, China put forward the five principles of peaceful coexistence, setting a historical benchmark for the rule of law at the international level.","start":4192.79,"end":4204.63,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4767.51,"end":4768.07},{"text":"resources","start":4768.23,"end":4769.43},{"text":"could","start":4771.03,"end":4771.27},{"text":"have","start":4771.27,"end":4771.43},{"text":"been","start":4771.43,"end":4771.75},{"text":"better","start":4771.75,"end":4772.15},{"text":"used","start":4772.15,"end":4772.87},{"text":"to","start":4773.27,"end":4773.47},{"text":"address","start":4773.47,"end":4773.83},{"text":"urgent","start":4773.83,"end":4774.23},{"text":"needs,","start":4774.23,"end":4774.87},{"text":"such","start":4775.35,"end":4775.67},{"text":"as","start":4775.67,"end":4775.91},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4775.91,"end":4776.63},{"text":"assistance,","start":4776.63,"end":4777.51},{"text":"climate","start":4777.71,"end":4778.31},{"text":"adaptation","start":4778.55,"end":4779.43},{"text":"and","start":4779.59,"end":4779.91},{"text":"education","start":4779.99,"end":4780.63},{"text":"for","start":4780.63,"end":4780.79},{"text":"peace,","start":4780.79,"end":4781.27},{"text":"amongst","start":4781.27,"end":4781.91},{"text":"others.","start":4781.91,"end":4782.47}]},{"text":"Thus, in a contradictory exercise between discourse and practice, Some who claim to defend peace continue to fuel war in a downward spiral that ignores the need to deprive conflict of the resources that sustain it.","start":4783.67,"end":4802.75,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus,","start":4783.67,"end":4784.07},{"text":"in","start":4784.07,"end":4784.63},{"text":"a","start":4784.63,"end":4784.67},{"text":"contradictory","start":4784.67,"end":4785.75},{"text":"exercise","start":4785.83,"end":4786.55},{"text":"between","start":4786.55,"end":4787.03},{"text":"discourse","start":4787.03,"end":4787.83},{"text":"and","start":4787.83,"end":4788.07},{"text":"practice,","start":4788.07,"end":4788.87},{"text":"Some","start":4789.47,"end":4790.03},{"text":"who","start":4790.11,"end":4790.27},{"text":"claim","start":4790.27,"end":4790.75},{"text":"to","start":4790.75,"end":4790.99},{"text":"defend","start":4790.99,"end":4791.55},{"text":"peace","start":4791.55,"end":4792.19},{"text":"continue","start":4793.15,"end":4793.71},{"text":"to","start":4793.71,"end":4793.83},{"text":"fuel","start":4793.83,"end":4794.27},{"text":"war","start":4794.27,"end":4794.75},{"text":"in","start":4795.31,"end":4795.47},{"text":"a","start":4795.47,"end":4795.55},{"text":"downward","start":4795.55,"end":4796.19},{"text":"spiral","start":4796.27,"end":4797.15},{"text":"that","start":4797.39,"end":4797.87},{"text":"ignores","start":4798.03,"end":4798.59},{"text":"the","start":4798.59,"end":4798.67},{"text":"need","start":4798.67,"end":4799.03},{"text":"to","start":4799.03,"end":4799.55},{"text":"deprive","start":4799.71,"end":4800.27},{"text":"conflict","start":4800.35,"end":4800.91},{"text":"of","start":4800.91,"end":4800.99},{"text":"the","start":4800.99,"end":4801.11},{"text":"resources","start":4801.11,"end":4801.75},{"text":"that","start":4801.75,"end":4801.95},{"text":"sustain","start":4801.95,"end":4802.47},{"text":"it.","start":4802.47,"end":4802.75}]},{"text":"Mr. President, this challenging scenario works to the detriment of humanity and undermines the credibility of this organisation.","start":4803.27,"end":4812.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4803.27,"end":4803.59},{"text":"President,","start":4803.59,"end":4804.19},{"text":"this","start":4805.07,"end":4805.31},{"text":"challenging","start":4805.31,"end":4806.03},{"text":"scenario","start":4806.03,"end":4806.83},{"text":"works","start":4807.15,"end":4807.55},{"text":"to","start":4807.55,"end":4807.67},{"text":"the","start":4807.67,"end":4807.83},{"text":"detriment","start":4807.95,"end":4808.51},{"text":"of","start":4808.51,"end":4808.75},{"text":"humanity","start":4808.75,"end":4809.47},{"text":"and","start":4809.63,"end":4809.83},{"text":"undermines","start":4809.83,"end":4810.43},{"text":"the","start":4810.43,"end":4810.55},{"text":"credibility","start":4810.55,"end":4811.19},{"text":"of","start":4811.19,"end":4811.27},{"text":"this","start":4811.27,"end":4811.47},{"text":"organisation.","start":4811.47,"end":4812.43}]},{"text":"The perceived erosion of the principles of the Charter does not stem from a lack of legitimacy or effectiveness of the institution, but rather from a chronic deficit of political will and coherence among its Member States, especially those vested with the special power of veto.","start":4813.27,"end":4833.63,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4834.63,"end":4834.75},{"text":"is","start":4834.75,"end":4834.91},{"text":"urgent","start":4834.99,"end":4835.63},{"text":"that","start":4835.63,"end":4835.87},{"text":"we","start":4835.87,"end":4836.03},{"text":"restore","start":4836.03,"end":4836.59},{"text":"the","start":4836.67,"end":4836.83},{"text":"trust","start":4836.83,"end":4837.31},{"text":"that","start":4837.31,"end":4837.47},{"text":"the","start":4837.47,"end":4837.63},{"text":"world","start":4837.63,"end":4837.91},{"text":"has","start":4837.91,"end":4838.11},{"text":"placed","start":4838.11,"end":4838.47},{"text":"in","start":4838.47,"end":4838.55},{"text":"this","start":4838.55,"end":4838.75},{"text":"organisation,","start":4838.75,"end":4839.71},{"text":"and","start":4840.03,"end":4840.19},{"text":"this","start":4840.19,"end":4840.35},{"text":"can","start":4840.35,"end":4840.51},{"text":"only","start":4840.51,"end":4840.75},{"text":"be","start":4840.75,"end":4840.83},{"text":"achieved","start":4840.83,"end":4841.43},{"text":"through","start":4841.43,"end":4841.71},{"text":"concrete","start":4841.71,"end":4842.35},{"text":"actions,","start":4842.51,"end":4843.31},{"text":"such","start":4843.47,"end":4843.75},{"text":"as","start":4843.75,"end":4843.87},{"text":"the","start":4843.87,"end":4844.07},{"text":"urgent","start":4844.11,"end":4844.59},{"text":"reform","start":4844.59,"end":4845.23},{"text":"of","start":4845.47,"end":4845.83},{"text":"this","start":4845.83,"end":4846.03},{"text":"body,","start":4846.03,"end":4846.43},{"text":"amongst","start":4846.67,"end":4847.07},{"text":"others.","start":4847.07,"end":4847.71}]},{"text":"In the same way, it is also necessary to support peacekeeping operations in their efforts to strengthen the rule of law.","start":4849.71,"end":4857.15,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4849.71,"end":4849.87},{"text":"the","start":4849.87,"end":4849.95},{"text":"same","start":4849.95,"end":4850.19},{"text":"way,","start":4850.19,"end":4850.47},{"text":"it","start":4850.47,"end":4850.55},{"text":"is","start":4850.63,"end":4850.75},{"text":"also","start":4850.75,"end":4851.07},{"text":"necessary","start":4851.07,"end":4851.71},{"text":"to","start":4851.71,"end":4852.03},{"text":"support","start":4852.11,"end":4852.59},{"text":"peacekeeping","start":4852.59,"end":4853.23},{"text":"operations","start":4853.23,"end":4854.19},{"text":"in","start":4854.51,"end":4854.71},{"text":"their","start":4854.71,"end":4855.03},{"text":"efforts","start":4855.03,"end":4855.47},{"text":"to","start":4855.47,"end":4855.63},{"text":"strengthen","start":4855.63,"end":4856.27},{"text":"the","start":4856.27,"end":4856.39},{"text":"rule","start":4856.39,"end":4856.63},{"text":"of","start":4856.63,"end":4856.75},{"text":"law.","start":4856.75,"end":4857.15}]},{"text":"It is equally important that this Council continue to grant these operations robust mandates, given their preventive role in reducing the risk of relapse into conflict and in strengthening national capacities.","start":4858.31,"end":4873.43,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4858.31,"end":4858.39},{"text":"is","start":4858.39,"end":4858.87},{"text":"equally","start":4858.87,"end":4859.27},{"text":"important","start":4859.27,"end":4859.99},{"text":"that","start":4859.99,"end":4860.31},{"text":"this","start":4860.31,"end":4860.55},{"text":"Council","start":4860.55,"end":4861.03},{"text":"continue","start":4861.03,"end":4861.91},{"text":"to","start":4861.91,"end":4861.99},{"text":"grant","start":4862.31,"end":4862.63},{"text":"these","start":4862.63,"end":4863.03},{"text":"operations","start":4863.03,"end":4863.83},{"text":"robust","start":4863.83,"end":4864.39},{"text":"mandates,","start":4864.39,"end":4865.19},{"text":"given","start":4865.51,"end":4865.75},{"text":"their","start":4865.75,"end":4865.95},{"text":"preventive","start":4865.95,"end":4866.55},{"text":"role","start":4866.55,"end":4867.03},{"text":"in","start":4867.35,"end":4867.75},{"text":"reducing","start":4867.75,"end":4868.39},{"text":"the","start":4868.39,"end":4868.47},{"text":"risk","start":4868.47,"end":4868.87},{"text":"of","start":4868.87,"end":4868.95},{"text":"relapse","start":4868.95,"end":4869.55},{"text":"into","start":4869.55,"end":4869.79},{"text":"conflict","start":4869.79,"end":4870.47},{"text":"and","start":4870.55,"end":4870.95},{"text":"in","start":4871.11,"end":4871.35},{"text":"strengthening","start":4871.35,"end":4871.99},{"text":"national","start":4872.15,"end":4872.55},{"text":"capacities.","start":4872.55,"end":4873.43}]},{"text":"Because we need the United Nations in the same way that the United Nations needs us, in light of the threats facing the international legal system, We believe it is essential to elevate the role of the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, as these bodies represent the backbone of the international rule of law.","start":4876.39,"end":4901.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":4876.39,"end":4876.87},{"text":"we","start":4877.67,"end":4877.83},{"text":"need","start":4877.83,"end":4878.23},{"text":"the","start":4878.39,"end":4878.47},{"text":"United","start":4878.47,"end":4879.03},{"text":"Nations","start":4879.03,"end":4879.59},{"text":"in","start":4879.59,"end":4879.67},{"text":"the","start":4879.67,"end":4879.79},{"text":"same","start":4879.79,"end":4880.15},{"text":"way","start":4880.15,"end":4880.47},{"text":"that","start":4880.47,"end":4880.71},{"text":"the","start":4880.71,"end":4880.83},{"text":"United","start":4880.87,"end":4881.51},{"text":"Nations","start":4881.51,"end":4882.15},{"text":"needs","start":4882.15,"end":4882.71},{"text":"us,","start":4882.71,"end":4883.19},{"text":"in","start":4883.75,"end":4883.91},{"text":"light","start":4883.91,"end":4884.15},{"text":"of","start":4884.15,"end":4884.23},{"text":"the","start":4884.23,"end":4884.39},{"text":"threats","start":4884.39,"end":4884.87},{"text":"facing","start":4884.87,"end":4885.27},{"text":"the","start":4885.27,"end":4885.35},{"text":"international","start":4885.35,"end":4886.03},{"text":"legal","start":4886.03,"end":4886.31},{"text":"system,","start":4886.31,"end":4886.95},{"text":"We","start":4887.79,"end":4888.03},{"text":"believe","start":4888.11,"end":4888.75},{"text":"it","start":4888.99,"end":4889.15},{"text":"is","start":4889.15,"end":4889.43},{"text":"essential","start":4889.43,"end":4890.03},{"text":"to","start":4890.03,"end":4890.43},{"text":"elevate","start":4890.51,"end":4890.99},{"text":"the","start":4890.99,"end":4891.15},{"text":"role","start":4891.15,"end":4891.47},{"text":"of","start":4891.47,"end":4891.55},{"text":"the","start":4891.55,"end":4891.67},{"text":"International","start":4891.67,"end":4892.35},{"text":"Court","start":4892.35,"end":4892.71},{"text":"of","start":4892.71,"end":4892.83},{"text":"Justice","start":4892.83,"end":4893.43},{"text":"and","start":4893.43,"end":4893.55},{"text":"the","start":4893.55,"end":4893.63},{"text":"International","start":4893.63,"end":4894.23},{"text":"Criminal","start":4894.23,"end":4894.67},{"text":"Court,","start":4894.67,"end":4895.15},{"text":"as","start":4895.87,"end":4896.11},{"text":"these","start":4896.11,"end":4896.43},{"text":"bodies","start":4896.43,"end":4896.99},{"text":"represent","start":4897.07,"end":4897.79},{"text":"the","start":4897.79,"end":4897.95},{"text":"backbone","start":4897.95,"end":4898.67},{"text":"of","start":4898.91,"end":4899.15},{"text":"the","start":4899.15,"end":4899.31},{"text":"international","start":4899.55,"end":4900.27},{"text":"rule","start":4900.27,"end":4900.51},{"text":"of","start":4900.51,"end":4900.59},{"text":"law.","start":4900.59,"end":4901.03}]},{"text":"In this context, it is necessary that from now on this Council be able to always receive and hear directly from the authorities of both courts, as a complement to the reports that we receive.","start":4902.43,"end":4916.91,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4902.43,"end":4902.55},{"text":"this","start":4902.55,"end":4902.75},{"text":"context,","start":4902.75,"end":4903.47},{"text":"it","start":4903.71,"end":4903.79},{"text":"is","start":4903.79,"end":4904.03},{"text":"necessary","start":4904.03,"end":4904.75},{"text":"that","start":4904.75,"end":4905.07},{"text":"from","start":4905.07,"end":4905.31},{"text":"now","start":4905.31,"end":4905.63},{"text":"on","start":4905.63,"end":4906.03},{"text":"this","start":4906.59,"end":4906.83},{"text":"Council","start":4906.83,"end":4907.47},{"text":"be","start":4907.47,"end":4907.59},{"text":"able","start":4907.59,"end":4907.87},{"text":"to","start":4907.87,"end":4908.35},{"text":"always","start":4908.59,"end":4909.23},{"text":"receive","start":4909.23,"end":4910.07},{"text":"and","start":4910.07,"end":4910.35},{"text":"hear","start":4910.59,"end":4910.95},{"text":"directly","start":4910.95,"end":4911.71},{"text":"from","start":4911.71,"end":4911.95},{"text":"the","start":4911.95,"end":4912.07},{"text":"authorities","start":4912.07,"end":4912.87},{"text":"of","start":4912.87,"end":4913.07},{"text":"both","start":4913.07,"end":4913.31},{"text":"courts,","start":4913.31,"end":4913.95},{"text":"as","start":4914.27,"end":4914.51},{"text":"a","start":4914.51,"end":4914.55},{"text":"complement","start":4914.55,"end":4915.27},{"text":"to","start":4915.27,"end":4915.35},{"text":"the","start":4915.35,"end":4915.47},{"text":"reports","start":4915.47,"end":4915.95},{"text":"that","start":4915.95,"end":4916.11},{"text":"we","start":4916.11,"end":4916.27},{"text":"receive.","start":4916.27,"end":4916.91}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Panama, as a country that continues to place its faith in peace, believes in the collective responsibility that we have to bring to justice those who strive to create more wars, more conflicts and greater division.","start":4917.79,"end":4933.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4917.79,"end":4918.07},{"text":"President,","start":4918.07,"end":4918.59},{"text":"Panama,","start":4919.07,"end":4919.63},{"text":"as","start":4919.63,"end":4919.83},{"text":"a","start":4919.83,"end":4919.87},{"text":"country","start":4919.87,"end":4920.27},{"text":"that","start":4920.27,"end":4920.51},{"text":"continues","start":4920.51,"end":4921.15},{"text":"to","start":4921.15,"end":4921.55},{"text":"place","start":4922.27,"end":4922.51},{"text":"its","start":4922.51,"end":4922.71},{"text":"faith","start":4922.71,"end":4922.99},{"text":"in","start":4922.99,"end":4923.23},{"text":"peace,","start":4923.31,"end":4923.79},{"text":"believes","start":4924.19,"end":4924.59},{"text":"in","start":4924.59,"end":4924.75},{"text":"the","start":4924.75,"end":4924.83},{"text":"collective","start":4924.83,"end":4925.39},{"text":"responsibility","start":4925.39,"end":4926.31},{"text":"that","start":4926.31,"end":4926.43},{"text":"we","start":4926.43,"end":4926.59},{"text":"have","start":4926.59,"end":4926.91},{"text":"to","start":4926.91,"end":4927.31},{"text":"bring","start":4927.63,"end":4927.95},{"text":"to","start":4927.95,"end":4928.11},{"text":"justice","start":4928.11,"end":4928.75},{"text":"those","start":4928.99,"end":4929.31},{"text":"who","start":4929.31,"end":4929.47},{"text":"strive","start":4929.47,"end":4930.03},{"text":"to","start":4930.03,"end":4930.35},{"text":"create","start":4930.59,"end":4930.91},{"text":"more","start":4930.91,"end":4931.23},{"text":"wars,","start":4931.23,"end":4931.63},{"text":"more","start":4931.63,"end":4931.87},{"text":"conflicts","start":4931.87,"end":4932.43},{"text":"and","start":4932.43,"end":4932.55},{"text":"greater","start":4932.55,"end":4932.91},{"text":"division.","start":4932.91,"end":4933.47}]},{"text":"In this regard, we believe that the rules based international order must apply equally to all countries, regardless of size, economic or military power.","start":4934.51,"end":4946.43,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4934.51,"end":4934.63},{"text":"this","start":4934.63,"end":4934.83},{"text":"regard,","start":4934.83,"end":4935.19},{"text":"we","start":4935.19,"end":4935.31},{"text":"believe","start":4935.31,"end":4935.75},{"text":"that","start":4935.75,"end":4935.95},{"text":"the","start":4935.95,"end":4936.15},{"text":"rules","start":4936.15,"end":4936.59},{"text":"based","start":4936.59,"end":4936.95},{"text":"international","start":4936.95,"end":4937.63},{"text":"order","start":4937.63,"end":4938.11},{"text":"must","start":4938.35,"end":4938.59},{"text":"apply","start":4938.59,"end":4938.91},{"text":"equally","start":4938.91,"end":4939.55},{"text":"to","start":4939.55,"end":4939.91},{"text":"all","start":4939.91,"end":4940.11},{"text":"countries,","start":4940.11,"end":4940.83},{"text":"regardless","start":4941.63,"end":4942.59},{"text":"of","start":4942.95,"end":4943.07},{"text":"size,","start":4943.07,"end":4943.87},{"text":"economic","start":4944.27,"end":4944.99},{"text":"or","start":4944.99,"end":4945.31},{"text":"military","start":4945.39,"end":4946.03},{"text":"power.","start":4946.03,"end":4946.43}]},{"text":"or any claim to political or moral superiority.","start":4947.43,"end":4952.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"or","start":4947.43,"end":4947.83},{"text":"any","start":4947.83,"end":4948.07},{"text":"claim","start":4948.07,"end":4948.47},{"text":"to","start":4948.47,"end":4948.95},{"text":"political","start":4948.95,"end":4949.59},{"text":"or","start":4949.59,"end":4949.83},{"text":"moral","start":4949.83,"end":4950.39},{"text":"superiority.","start":4951.51,"end":4952.63}]},{"text":"If we wish to guarantee international peace and security, we must recognize our sovereign equality under international law.","start":4954.07,"end":4963.95,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Using","start":5005.83,"end":5006.47},{"text":"spurious","start":5006.47,"end":5007.27},{"text":"arguments","start":5007.27,"end":5008.23},{"text":"to","start":5008.23,"end":5008.63},{"text":"violate","start":5008.79,"end":5009.35},{"text":"human","start":5009.35,"end":5009.75},{"text":"rights","start":5009.75,"end":5010.31},{"text":"or","start":5010.31,"end":5010.63},{"text":"to","start":5010.79,"end":5010.95},{"text":"kill","start":5010.95,"end":5011.43},{"text":"innocent","start":5011.43,"end":5011.91},{"text":"civilians","start":5011.91,"end":5012.79},{"text":"are","start":5013.03,"end":5013.31},{"text":"actions","start":5013.31,"end":5014.07},{"text":"that,","start":5014.07,"end":5014.55},{"text":"in","start":5014.79,"end":5014.95},{"text":"bad","start":5014.95,"end":5015.27},{"text":"faith,","start":5015.27,"end":5015.83},{"text":"seek","start":5015.99,"end":5016.47},{"text":"to","start":5016.47,"end":5016.87},{"text":"distort","start":5017.03,"end":5017.75},{"text":"international","start":5017.75,"end":5019.03},{"text":"law.","start":5019.03,"end":5019.11}]},{"text":"In this sense, strengthening our support for international legal mechanisms for the peaceful resolution of disputes is essential.","start":5020.55,"end":5028.39,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"on","start":5203.43,"end":5203.83},{"text":"pathways","start":5204.23,"end":5204.67},{"text":"for","start":5204.67,"end":5204.87},{"text":"reinvigorating","start":5204.87,"end":5205.59},{"text":"peace,","start":5205.59,"end":5205.99},{"text":"justice,","start":5205.99,"end":5206.31},{"text":"and","start":5206.31,"end":5206.43},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":5206.43,"end":5207.19}]},{"text":"The principles of the Charter of the United Nations are the cornerstone of effective multilateralism and international law, and rule of law must prevail over law of force.","start":5207.51,"end":5217.15,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5207.51,"end":5207.67},{"text":"principles","start":5207.71,"end":5208.31},{"text":"of","start":5208.31,"end":5208.39},{"text":"the","start":5208.39,"end":5208.47},{"text":"Charter","start":5208.47,"end":5208.71},{"text":"of","start":5208.71,"end":5208.79},{"text":"the","start":5208.79,"end":5208.87},{"text":"United","start":5208.87,"end":5209.15},{"text":"Nations","start":5209.15,"end":5209.67},{"text":"are","start":5209.67,"end":5209.91},{"text":"the","start":5209.91,"end":5210.11},{"text":"cornerstone","start":5210.15,"end":5210.79},{"text":"of","start":5210.99,"end":5211.07},{"text":"effective","start":5211.07,"end":5211.59},{"text":"multilateralism","start":5211.99,"end":5212.91},{"text":"and","start":5212.91,"end":5213.03},{"text":"international","start":5213.03,"end":5213.63},{"text":"law,","start":5213.63,"end":5213.75},{"text":"and","start":5214.31,"end":5214.63},{"text":"rule","start":5215.03,"end":5215.31},{"text":"of","start":5215.31,"end":5215.43},{"text":"law","start":5215.43,"end":5215.59},{"text":"must","start":5215.59,"end":5215.79},{"text":"prevail","start":5215.79,"end":5216.27},{"text":"over","start":5216.27,"end":5216.47},{"text":"law","start":5216.47,"end":5216.67},{"text":"of","start":5216.67,"end":5216.79},{"text":"force.","start":5216.79,"end":5217.15}]},{"text":"The principles of the Charter are the linchpin for effective and efficient multilateralism, where international law, sovereign equality of states, and peaceful dispute resolution prevail over unpredictability, power struggles, or war.","start":5217.15,"end":5233.11,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5217.15,"end":5217.27},{"text":"principles","start":5217.27,"end":5217.67},{"text":"of","start":5217.67,"end":5217.75},{"text":"the","start":5217.75,"end":5217.87},{"text":"Charter","start":5217.87,"end":5218.39},{"text":"are","start":5218.87,"end":5219.11},{"text":"the","start":5219.11,"end":5219.23},{"text":"linchpin","start":5219.23,"end":5219.91},{"text":"for","start":5219.91,"end":5220.47},{"text":"effective","start":5221.19,"end":5221.71},{"text":"and","start":5221.71,"end":5221.83},{"text":"efficient","start":5221.83,"end":5222.19},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":5222.19,"end":5223.27},{"text":"where","start":5223.51,"end":5223.83},{"text":"international","start":5223.83,"end":5224.59},{"text":"law,","start":5224.59,"end":5224.87},{"text":"sovereign","start":5224.87,"end":5225.31},{"text":"equality","start":5225.31,"end":5225.75},{"text":"of","start":5225.75,"end":5225.83},{"text":"states,","start":5225.83,"end":5226.39},{"text":"and","start":5226.39,"end":5226.59},{"text":"peaceful","start":5226.59,"end":5227.07},{"text":"dispute","start":5227.07,"end":5227.59},{"text":"resolution","start":5227.59,"end":5228.39},{"text":"prevail","start":5229.19,"end":5229.95},{"text":"over","start":5229.95,"end":5230.23},{"text":"unpredictability,","start":5230.23,"end":5231.11},{"text":"power","start":5231.11,"end":5231.47},{"text":"struggles,","start":5231.47,"end":5232.15},{"text":"or","start":5232.31,"end":5232.55},{"text":"war.","start":5232.55,"end":5233.11}]},{"text":"Violations of international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law, are legion, far too frequent, be it in Sudan, the Great Lakes, Gaza, and Ukraine.","start":5233.51,"end":5245.59,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"Violations","start":5233.51,"end":5234.03},{"text":"of","start":5234.03,"end":5234.11},{"text":"international","start":5234.11,"end":5234.79},{"text":"law,","start":5234.79,"end":5234.95},{"text":"including","start":5234.95,"end":5235.43},{"text":"international","start":5235.43,"end":5236.07},{"text":"human","start":5236.23,"end":5236.51},{"text":"rights","start":5236.51,"end":5236.79},{"text":"law","start":5236.79,"end":5237.03},{"text":"and","start":5237.03,"end":5237.15},{"text":"international","start":5237.15,"end":5237.71},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5237.71,"end":5238.39},{"text":"law,","start":5238.39,"end":5238.83},{"text":"are","start":5238.83,"end":5238.95},{"text":"legion,","start":5238.95,"end":5239.67},{"text":"far","start":5240.07,"end":5240.55},{"text":"too","start":5240.55,"end":5241.11},{"text":"frequent,","start":5241.11,"end":5241.83},{"text":"be","start":5242.23,"end":5242.71},{"text":"it","start":5242.71,"end":5243.19},{"text":"in","start":5243.19,"end":5243.35},{"text":"Sudan,","start":5243.35,"end":5243.83},{"text":"the","start":5243.83,"end":5243.91},{"text":"Great","start":5243.91,"end":5244.11},{"text":"Lakes,","start":5244.11,"end":5244.47},{"text":"Gaza,","start":5244.47,"end":5244.83},{"text":"and","start":5244.83,"end":5244.95},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":5244.95,"end":5245.59}]},{"text":"The desire of certain states to adopt obstructive positions undermine the ability of the Security Council to act.","start":5245.83,"end":5252.35,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5245.83,"end":5245.99},{"text":"desire","start":5245.99,"end":5246.47},{"text":"of","start":5246.47,"end":5246.55},{"text":"certain","start":5246.55,"end":5246.87},{"text":"states","start":5246.87,"end":5247.27},{"text":"to","start":5247.27,"end":5247.59},{"text":"adopt","start":5247.67,"end":5248.11},{"text":"obstructive","start":5248.11,"end":5248.63},{"text":"positions","start":5248.63,"end":5249.35},{"text":"undermine","start":5249.35,"end":5250.07},{"text":"the","start":5250.15,"end":5250.35},{"text":"ability","start":5250.35,"end":5250.71},{"text":"of","start":5250.71,"end":5250.79},{"text":"the","start":5250.79,"end":5250.87},{"text":"Security","start":5250.87,"end":5251.27},{"text":"Council","start":5251.27,"end":5251.67},{"text":"to","start":5251.67,"end":5251.99},{"text":"act.","start":5251.99,"end":5252.35}]},{"text":"And yet, each instance of silence in the light of these violations worsens mistrust and weakens our collective credibility.","start":5252.35,"end":5261.71,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5252.35,"end":5252.55},{"text":"yet,","start":5252.55,"end":5252.95},{"text":"each","start":5253.43,"end":5253.83},{"text":"instance","start":5253.83,"end":5254.39},{"text":"of","start":5254.39,"end":5254.55},{"text":"silence","start":5254.63,"end":5255.43},{"text":"in","start":5255.43,"end":5255.55},{"text":"the","start":5255.55,"end":5255.63},{"text":"light","start":5255.63,"end":5255.91},{"text":"of","start":5255.91,"end":5255.99},{"text":"these","start":5255.99,"end":5256.31},{"text":"violations","start":5256.31,"end":5257.35},{"text":"worsens","start":5257.95,"end":5258.91},{"text":"mistrust","start":5258.91,"end":5259.71},{"text":"and","start":5259.71,"end":5259.87},{"text":"weakens","start":5259.87,"end":5260.35},{"text":"our","start":5260.35,"end":5260.43},{"text":"collective","start":5260.43,"end":5260.99},{"text":"credibility.","start":5260.99,"end":5261.71}]},{"text":"In this context, we, France, intend to reaffirm our commitment to effective and efficient multilateralism.","start":5262.19,"end":5269.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5262.19,"end":5262.35},{"text":"this","start":5262.35,"end":5262.51},{"text":"context,","start":5262.51,"end":5263.23},{"text":"we,","start":5263.31,"end":5263.79},{"text":"France,","start":5263.87,"end":5264.43},{"text":"intend","start":5264.43,"end":5264.83},{"text":"to","start":5264.83,"end":5264.91},{"text":"reaffirm","start":5264.91,"end":5265.35},{"text":"our","start":5265.35,"end":5265.47},{"text":"commitment","start":5265.47,"end":5266.31},{"text":"to","start":5266.31,"end":5266.59},{"text":"effective","start":5267.11,"end":5267.71},{"text":"and","start":5267.71,"end":5267.83},{"text":"efficient","start":5267.83,"end":5268.23},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":5268.23,"end":5269.23}]},{"text":"We remain wedded to the principles underpinning our identity, bringing together a majority of states throughout the world.","start":5269.71,"end":5275.63,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5269.71,"end":5269.87},{"text":"remain","start":5269.87,"end":5270.11},{"text":"wedded","start":5270.11,"end":5270.43},{"text":"to","start":5270.43,"end":5270.51},{"text":"the","start":5270.51,"end":5270.59},{"text":"principles","start":5270.59,"end":5271.15},{"text":"underpinning","start":5271.15,"end":5271.87},{"text":"our","start":5272.59,"end":5272.75},{"text":"identity,","start":5272.75,"end":5273.39},{"text":"bringing","start":5273.63,"end":5273.95},{"text":"together","start":5273.95,"end":5274.27},{"text":"a","start":5274.27,"end":5274.31},{"text":"majority","start":5274.31,"end":5274.71},{"text":"of","start":5274.71,"end":5274.79},{"text":"states","start":5274.79,"end":5275.07},{"text":"throughout","start":5275.07,"end":5275.27},{"text":"the","start":5275.27,"end":5275.35},{"text":"world.","start":5275.35,"end":5275.63}]},{"text":"For example, together with Brazil, with China, Jordan, South Africa, and Kazakhstan, we launched a global initiative for international humanitarian law heralded by the ICRC, which to date brings together more than 100 states.","start":5275.63,"end":5289.11,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5275.63,"end":5275.75},{"text":"example,","start":5275.75,"end":5276.07},{"text":"together","start":5276.07,"end":5276.35},{"text":"with","start":5276.35,"end":5276.47},{"text":"Brazil,","start":5276.47,"end":5277.23},{"text":"with","start":5277.23,"end":5277.39},{"text":"China,","start":5277.39,"end":5277.79},{"text":"Jordan,","start":5277.79,"end":5278.27},{"text":"South","start":5279.39,"end":5279.55},{"text":"Africa,","start":5279.55,"end":5279.79},{"text":"and","start":5279.79,"end":5279.91},{"text":"Kazakhstan,","start":5279.91,"end":5280.35},{"text":"we","start":5280.35,"end":5280.43},{"text":"launched","start":5280.43,"end":5280.79},{"text":"a","start":5280.79,"end":5280.83},{"text":"global","start":5280.83,"end":5281.15},{"text":"initiative","start":5281.15,"end":5281.79},{"text":"for","start":5281.79,"end":5282.27},{"text":"international","start":5282.27,"end":5282.79},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5282.79,"end":5283.31},{"text":"law","start":5283.39,"end":5283.79},{"text":"heralded","start":5284.11,"end":5284.67},{"text":"by","start":5284.67,"end":5284.91},{"text":"the","start":5284.91,"end":5285.03},{"text":"ICRC,","start":5285.03,"end":5285.71},{"text":"which","start":5285.71,"end":5285.95},{"text":"to","start":5285.95,"end":5286.19},{"text":"date","start":5286.19,"end":5286.59},{"text":"brings","start":5286.79,"end":5287.07},{"text":"together","start":5287.07,"end":5287.47},{"text":"more","start":5287.47,"end":5287.63},{"text":"than","start":5287.63,"end":5287.95},{"text":"100","start":5288.19,"end":5288.75},{"text":"states.","start":5288.75,"end":5289.11}]},{"text":"An international conference for this initiative will be held at the end of this year in Jordan.","start":5289.11,"end":5294.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"An","start":5289.11,"end":5289.19},{"text":"international","start":5289.19,"end":5289.87},{"text":"conference","start":5289.87,"end":5290.43},{"text":"for","start":5290.43,"end":5290.55},{"text":"this","start":5290.55,"end":5290.67},{"text":"initiative","start":5290.67,"end":5291.19},{"text":"will","start":5291.19,"end":5291.31},{"text":"be","start":5291.31,"end":5291.43},{"text":"held","start":5291.43,"end":5291.95},{"text":"at","start":5292.43,"end":5292.59},{"text":"the","start":5292.59,"end":5292.71},{"text":"end","start":5292.75,"end":5293.15},{"text":"of","start":5293.15,"end":5293.23},{"text":"this","start":5293.23,"end":5293.47},{"text":"year","start":5293.55,"end":5293.87},{"text":"in","start":5293.87,"end":5294.03},{"text":"Jordan.","start":5294.03,"end":5294.59}]},{"text":"France also reaffirms our commitment to international judicial institutions and to their independence.","start":5294.83,"end":5301.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"France","start":5294.83,"end":5295.47},{"text":"also","start":5295.47,"end":5295.79},{"text":"reaffirms","start":5295.79,"end":5296.75},{"text":"our","start":5297.07,"end":5297.31},{"text":"commitment","start":5297.31,"end":5297.99},{"text":"to","start":5297.99,"end":5298.27},{"text":"international","start":5298.27,"end":5298.99},{"text":"judicial","start":5298.99,"end":5299.47},{"text":"institutions","start":5299.47,"end":5300.19},{"text":"and","start":5300.19,"end":5300.31},{"text":"to","start":5300.31,"end":5300.43},{"text":"their","start":5300.43,"end":5300.59},{"text":"independence.","start":5300.59,"end":5301.47}]},{"text":"specifically the ICJ and the ICC.","start":5301.87,"end":5306.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"specifically","start":5301.87,"end":5302.59},{"text":"the","start":5302.59,"end":5302.79},{"text":"ICJ","start":5302.83,"end":5303.79},{"text":"and","start":5304.03,"end":5304.51},{"text":"the","start":5304.59,"end":5304.75},{"text":"ICC.","start":5304.91,"end":5306.19}]},{"text":"We emphasize this commitment as we near the beginning of negotiations to establish a multilateral legal framework to better tackle the matter of crimes against humanity.","start":5306.59,"end":5317.55,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5306.59,"end":5306.83},{"text":"emphasize","start":5306.91,"end":5307.95},{"text":"this","start":5307.95,"end":5308.27},{"text":"commitment","start":5308.27,"end":5309.07},{"text":"as","start":5309.47,"end":5309.95},{"text":"we","start":5309.95,"end":5310.35},{"text":"near","start":5310.35,"end":5310.83},{"text":"the","start":5310.83,"end":5310.99},{"text":"beginning","start":5310.99,"end":5311.27},{"text":"of","start":5311.27,"end":5311.35},{"text":"negotiations","start":5311.35,"end":5312.19},{"text":"to","start":5312.19,"end":5312.51},{"text":"establish","start":5312.51,"end":5312.99},{"text":"a","start":5312.99,"end":5313.03},{"text":"multilateral","start":5313.03,"end":5313.63},{"text":"legal","start":5313.63,"end":5313.87},{"text":"framework","start":5313.87,"end":5314.27},{"text":"to","start":5314.27,"end":5314.43},{"text":"better","start":5314.43,"end":5314.75},{"text":"tackle","start":5314.75,"end":5315.39},{"text":"the","start":5315.63,"end":5315.79},{"text":"matter","start":5315.79,"end":5316.23},{"text":"of","start":5316.23,"end":5316.35},{"text":"crimes","start":5316.35,"end":5316.67},{"text":"against","start":5316.67,"end":5316.95},{"text":"humanity.","start":5316.95,"end":5317.55}]},{"text":"Mr. President, international law is not an abstract notion.","start":5317.87,"end":5321.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5317.87,"end":5318.19},{"text":"President,","start":5318.19,"end":5318.75},{"text":"international","start":5318.75,"end":5319.47},{"text":"law","start":5319.47,"end":5319.63},{"text":"is","start":5319.63,"end":5319.79},{"text":"not","start":5319.79,"end":5319.91},{"text":"an","start":5319.91,"end":5320.11},{"text":"abstract","start":5320.11,"end":5320.91},{"text":"notion.","start":5320.91,"end":5321.63}]},{"text":"International law is a tool of protection, protection of peace through its security architecture, protection of fundamental rights through conventions with a universal mission, a reinforced protection of civilians in times of conflict through international humanitarian law.","start":5321.79,"end":5337.23,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":5321.79,"end":5322.39},{"text":"law","start":5322.39,"end":5322.47},{"text":"is","start":5322.47,"end":5322.59},{"text":"a","start":5322.59,"end":5322.63},{"text":"tool","start":5322.63,"end":5322.91},{"text":"of","start":5322.91,"end":5322.99},{"text":"protection,","start":5322.99,"end":5323.51},{"text":"protection","start":5323.51,"end":5323.95},{"text":"of","start":5323.95,"end":5324.03},{"text":"peace","start":5324.03,"end":5324.51},{"text":"through","start":5324.91,"end":5325.11},{"text":"its","start":5325.11,"end":5325.23},{"text":"security","start":5325.23,"end":5325.71},{"text":"architecture,","start":5325.71,"end":5326.35},{"text":"protection","start":5326.59,"end":5327.31},{"text":"of","start":5327.31,"end":5327.55},{"text":"fundamental","start":5327.79,"end":5328.35},{"text":"rights","start":5328.35,"end":5329.19},{"text":"through","start":5329.19,"end":5329.55},{"text":"conventions","start":5329.79,"end":5330.43},{"text":"with","start":5330.43,"end":5330.59},{"text":"a","start":5330.59,"end":5330.63},{"text":"universal","start":5330.63,"end":5331.31},{"text":"mission,","start":5331.31,"end":5331.75},{"text":"a","start":5332.03,"end":5332.11},{"text":"reinforced","start":5332.11,"end":5333.07},{"text":"protection","start":5333.15,"end":5333.95},{"text":"of","start":5333.95,"end":5334.03},{"text":"civilians","start":5334.03,"end":5334.71},{"text":"in","start":5334.71,"end":5334.83},{"text":"times","start":5334.83,"end":5335.03},{"text":"of","start":5335.03,"end":5335.11},{"text":"conflict","start":5335.11,"end":5335.55},{"text":"through","start":5335.63,"end":5336.03},{"text":"international","start":5336.03,"end":5336.59},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5336.59,"end":5337.11},{"text":"law.","start":5337.11,"end":5337.23}]},{"text":"This protection, this tangible protection, is vital and it must be upheld.","start":5337.47,"end":5343.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5337.47,"end":5337.71},{"text":"protection,","start":5337.71,"end":5338.59},{"text":"this","start":5338.67,"end":5338.91},{"text":"tangible","start":5338.91,"end":5339.47},{"text":"protection,","start":5339.47,"end":5340.19},{"text":"is","start":5340.19,"end":5340.59},{"text":"vital","start":5340.91,"end":5341.31},{"text":"and","start":5341.31,"end":5341.51},{"text":"it","start":5341.51,"end":5341.63},{"text":"must","start":5341.63,"end":5342.19},{"text":"be","start":5342.27,"end":5342.59},{"text":"upheld.","start":5342.59,"end":5343.31}]},{"text":"This protection must be subject neither to exceptions nor to compromise, and international law must not be invoked selectively.","start":5344.03,"end":5351.31,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5344.03,"end":5344.43},{"text":"protection","start":5344.43,"end":5344.83},{"text":"must","start":5344.83,"end":5345.03},{"text":"be","start":5345.03,"end":5345.31},{"text":"subject","start":5345.31,"end":5345.63},{"text":"neither","start":5345.63,"end":5345.87},{"text":"to","start":5345.87,"end":5346.03},{"text":"exceptions","start":5346.03,"end":5346.51},{"text":"nor","start":5346.51,"end":5346.63},{"text":"to","start":5346.63,"end":5346.71},{"text":"compromise,","start":5346.71,"end":5347.31},{"text":"and","start":5347.63,"end":5347.75},{"text":"international","start":5347.75,"end":5348.43},{"text":"law","start":5348.43,"end":5348.51},{"text":"must","start":5348.51,"end":5348.83},{"text":"not","start":5348.83,"end":5349.31},{"text":"be","start":5349.31,"end":5349.47},{"text":"invoked","start":5349.47,"end":5350.19},{"text":"selectively.","start":5350.51,"end":5351.31}]},{"text":"Mr. President, defense of international law is also a recognition of the fact that multilateralism needs to evolve.","start":5352.27,"end":5359.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5352.27,"end":5352.55},{"text":"President,","start":5352.55,"end":5353.23},{"text":"defense","start":5353.39,"end":5353.79},{"text":"of","start":5353.79,"end":5353.87},{"text":"international","start":5353.87,"end":5354.55},{"text":"law","start":5354.55,"end":5354.75},{"text":"is","start":5354.83,"end":5354.99},{"text":"also","start":5354.99,"end":5355.19},{"text":"a","start":5355.19,"end":5355.23},{"text":"recognition","start":5355.23,"end":5355.75},{"text":"of","start":5355.75,"end":5355.83},{"text":"the","start":5355.83,"end":5355.91},{"text":"fact","start":5355.91,"end":5356.27},{"text":"that","start":5356.27,"end":5356.51},{"text":"multilateralism","start":5356.51,"end":5357.55},{"text":"needs","start":5357.71,"end":5358.35},{"text":"to","start":5358.35,"end":5358.75},{"text":"evolve.","start":5358.75,"end":5359.55}]},{"text":"In 2026, France shall continue to advocate for more representative, more effective and efficient, more operational global governance.","start":5360.19,"end":5368.23,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5360.19,"end":5360.31},{"text":"2026,","start":5360.31,"end":5361.43},{"text":"France","start":5361.43,"end":5362.03},{"text":"shall","start":5362.03,"end":5362.15},{"text":"continue","start":5362.15,"end":5362.63},{"text":"to","start":5362.63,"end":5362.79},{"text":"advocate","start":5362.79,"end":5363.43},{"text":"for","start":5363.43,"end":5363.75},{"text":"more","start":5363.75,"end":5363.91},{"text":"representative,","start":5363.91,"end":5364.71},{"text":"more","start":5364.71,"end":5364.91},{"text":"effective","start":5364.91,"end":5365.35},{"text":"and","start":5365.35,"end":5365.47},{"text":"efficient,","start":5365.47,"end":5366.07},{"text":"more","start":5366.31,"end":5366.51},{"text":"operational","start":5366.51,"end":5367.15},{"text":"global","start":5367.15,"end":5367.51},{"text":"governance.","start":5367.51,"end":5368.23}]},{"text":"We will continue to remain fully engaged in achievement of Security Council reform in order to enhance its representativity and its legitimacy through expansion in the two categories of membership and through enhancement of the African presence within it.","start":5368.55,"end":5384.31,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5368.55,"end":5368.83},{"text":"will","start":5368.83,"end":5368.95},{"text":"continue","start":5368.95,"end":5369.91},{"text":"to","start":5369.91,"end":5370.03},{"text":"remain","start":5370.03,"end":5370.31},{"text":"fully","start":5370.39,"end":5370.87},{"text":"engaged","start":5371.19,"end":5372.07},{"text":"in","start":5372.07,"end":5372.71},{"text":"achievement","start":5372.71,"end":5373.35},{"text":"of","start":5373.35,"end":5373.43},{"text":"Security","start":5373.43,"end":5373.79},{"text":"Council","start":5373.79,"end":5374.03},{"text":"reform","start":5374.03,"end":5374.31},{"text":"in","start":5374.31,"end":5374.39},{"text":"order","start":5374.39,"end":5374.67},{"text":"to","start":5374.67,"end":5374.75},{"text":"enhance","start":5374.75,"end":5375.35},{"text":"its","start":5375.35,"end":5375.51},{"text":"representativity","start":5375.51,"end":5376.35},{"text":"and","start":5376.35,"end":5376.51},{"text":"its","start":5376.51,"end":5376.63},{"text":"legitimacy","start":5376.63,"end":5377.35},{"text":"through","start":5377.67,"end":5377.99},{"text":"expansion","start":5377.99,"end":5378.51},{"text":"in","start":5378.51,"end":5378.59},{"text":"the","start":5378.59,"end":5378.67},{"text":"two","start":5378.67,"end":5378.95},{"text":"categories","start":5378.95,"end":5379.47},{"text":"of","start":5379.47,"end":5379.59},{"text":"membership","start":5379.59,"end":5380.15},{"text":"and","start":5380.47,"end":5380.79},{"text":"through","start":5380.79,"end":5381.23},{"text":"enhancement","start":5381.23,"end":5381.99},{"text":"of","start":5382.03,"end":5382.15},{"text":"the","start":5382.15,"end":5382.23},{"text":"African","start":5382.23,"end":5382.71},{"text":"presence","start":5382.71,"end":5383.35},{"text":"within","start":5383.75,"end":5384.07},{"text":"it.","start":5384.07,"end":5384.31}]},{"text":"We cherish the conviction that reform is possible in this area and that There is a need to begin negotiations on the basis of a draft text without awaiting unattainable consensus, moreover consensus which is not required under the charter.","start":5384.87,"end":5400.63,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5384.87,"end":5385.35},{"text":"cherish","start":5385.43,"end":5386.07},{"text":"the","start":5386.15,"end":5386.31},{"text":"conviction","start":5386.31,"end":5387.03},{"text":"that","start":5387.03,"end":5387.35},{"text":"reform","start":5387.35,"end":5387.75},{"text":"is","start":5387.75,"end":5387.83},{"text":"possible","start":5387.83,"end":5388.35},{"text":"in","start":5388.35,"end":5388.43},{"text":"this","start":5388.43,"end":5388.55},{"text":"area","start":5388.55,"end":5388.99},{"text":"and","start":5388.99,"end":5389.35},{"text":"that","start":5389.91,"end":5390.11},{"text":"There","start":5390.19,"end":5390.27},{"text":"is","start":5390.27,"end":5390.35},{"text":"a","start":5390.35,"end":5390.39},{"text":"need","start":5390.39,"end":5390.63},{"text":"to","start":5390.63,"end":5390.95},{"text":"begin","start":5391.19,"end":5391.47},{"text":"negotiations","start":5391.47,"end":5392.27},{"text":"on","start":5392.27,"end":5392.39},{"text":"the","start":5392.39,"end":5392.47},{"text":"basis","start":5392.47,"end":5392.87},{"text":"of","start":5392.87,"end":5392.95},{"text":"a","start":5392.95,"end":5393.03},{"text":"draft","start":5393.03,"end":5393.51},{"text":"text","start":5393.75,"end":5394.15},{"text":"without","start":5394.39,"end":5394.95},{"text":"awaiting","start":5395.03,"end":5395.67},{"text":"unattainable","start":5396.11,"end":5396.71},{"text":"consensus,","start":5396.71,"end":5397.51},{"text":"moreover","start":5397.83,"end":5398.23},{"text":"consensus","start":5398.23,"end":5398.71},{"text":"which","start":5398.71,"end":5398.95},{"text":"is","start":5398.95,"end":5399.03},{"text":"not","start":5399.03,"end":5399.27},{"text":"required","start":5399.27,"end":5399.67},{"text":"under","start":5399.67,"end":5399.87},{"text":"the","start":5399.87,"end":5399.99},{"text":"charter.","start":5399.99,"end":5400.63}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we will continue to promote our initiative, which is jointly being advanced with Mexico, to limit exercise of the veto in the event of mass atrocities.","start":5401.27,"end":5409.87,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":5401.27,"end":5401.79},{"text":"we","start":5401.79,"end":5401.91},{"text":"will","start":5401.91,"end":5402.03},{"text":"continue","start":5402.03,"end":5402.51},{"text":"to","start":5402.51,"end":5402.91},{"text":"promote","start":5402.91,"end":5403.39},{"text":"our","start":5403.39,"end":5403.47},{"text":"initiative,","start":5403.47,"end":5403.99},{"text":"which","start":5403.99,"end":5404.19},{"text":"is","start":5404.19,"end":5404.35},{"text":"jointly","start":5404.35,"end":5404.67},{"text":"being","start":5404.67,"end":5404.87},{"text":"advanced","start":5404.87,"end":5405.47},{"text":"with","start":5405.63,"end":5405.87},{"text":"Mexico,","start":5405.87,"end":5406.51},{"text":"to","start":5406.75,"end":5406.91},{"text":"limit","start":5406.91,"end":5407.47},{"text":"exercise","start":5407.55,"end":5408.03},{"text":"of","start":5408.03,"end":5408.11},{"text":"the","start":5408.11,"end":5408.19},{"text":"veto","start":5408.19,"end":5408.51},{"text":"in","start":5408.51,"end":5408.59},{"text":"the","start":5408.59,"end":5408.67},{"text":"event","start":5408.67,"end":5408.91},{"text":"of","start":5408.91,"end":5408.99},{"text":"mass","start":5408.99,"end":5409.23},{"text":"atrocities.","start":5409.23,"end":5409.87}]},{"text":"This initiative is currently supported by 107 states.","start":5410.03,"end":5413.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5410.03,"end":5410.27},{"text":"initiative","start":5410.27,"end":5410.75},{"text":"is","start":5410.75,"end":5410.87},{"text":"currently","start":5410.87,"end":5411.31},{"text":"supported","start":5411.47,"end":5411.95},{"text":"by","start":5411.95,"end":5412.11},{"text":"107","start":5412.11,"end":5412.83},{"text":"states.","start":5412.83,"end":5413.31}]},{"text":"Responsible exercise of the veto is a guarantee for greater effectiveness and efficiency of the Security Council.","start":5413.47,"end":5419.87,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"Responsible","start":5413.47,"end":5414.35},{"text":"exercise","start":5414.67,"end":5415.15},{"text":"of","start":5415.15,"end":5415.23},{"text":"the","start":5415.23,"end":5415.35},{"text":"veto","start":5415.35,"end":5415.95},{"text":"is","start":5416.11,"end":5416.27},{"text":"a","start":5416.27,"end":5416.35},{"text":"guarantee","start":5416.35,"end":5416.99},{"text":"for","start":5416.99,"end":5417.47},{"text":"greater","start":5417.47,"end":5418.03},{"text":"effectiveness","start":5418.07,"end":5418.67},{"text":"and","start":5418.67,"end":5418.79},{"text":"efficiency","start":5418.79,"end":5419.11},{"text":"of","start":5419.11,"end":5419.19},{"text":"the","start":5419.19,"end":5419.27},{"text":"Security","start":5419.27,"end":5419.63},{"text":"Council.","start":5419.63,"end":5419.87}]},{"text":"France will continue to call upon the Security Council to fully shoulder its responsibility and to leverage all tools entrusted to it by the Charter.","start":5420.11,"end":5428.99,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"France","start":5420.11,"end":5420.39},{"text":"will","start":5420.39,"end":5420.51},{"text":"continue","start":5420.51,"end":5420.99},{"text":"to","start":5420.99,"end":5421.11},{"text":"call","start":5421.11,"end":5421.27},{"text":"upon","start":5421.27,"end":5421.47},{"text":"the","start":5421.47,"end":5421.55},{"text":"Security","start":5421.55,"end":5421.91},{"text":"Council","start":5421.91,"end":5422.15},{"text":"to","start":5422.15,"end":5422.23},{"text":"fully","start":5422.23,"end":5422.43},{"text":"shoulder","start":5422.43,"end":5422.83},{"text":"its","start":5422.83,"end":5422.99},{"text":"responsibility","start":5422.99,"end":5423.87},{"text":"and","start":5424.27,"end":5424.67},{"text":"to","start":5424.67,"end":5424.87},{"text":"leverage","start":5424.87,"end":5425.23},{"text":"all","start":5425.23,"end":5425.55},{"text":"tools","start":5425.55,"end":5426.35},{"text":"entrusted","start":5427.75,"end":5428.27},{"text":"to","start":5428.27,"end":5428.35},{"text":"it","start":5428.35,"end":5428.43},{"text":"by","start":5428.43,"end":5428.59},{"text":"the","start":5428.59,"end":5428.67},{"text":"Charter.","start":5428.67,"end":5428.99}]},{"text":"This includes implementation of Chapter six, as was the case in Sudan, for example, for the same reason, the council must not bar itself from referring to the ICJ, whose growing operations reflects the key, its key role in peaceful resolution architecture for disputes and enhancement of the law.","start":5428.99,"end":5448.19,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5428.99,"end":5429.15},{"text":"includes","start":5429.15,"end":5429.71},{"text":"implementation","start":5430.07,"end":5431.11},{"text":"of","start":5431.11,"end":5431.19},{"text":"Chapter","start":5431.27,"end":5431.47},{"text":"six,","start":5431.47,"end":5431.95},{"text":"as","start":5431.99,"end":5432.19},{"text":"was","start":5432.51,"end":5432.67},{"text":"the","start":5432.67,"end":5432.75},{"text":"case","start":5432.75,"end":5432.87},{"text":"in","start":5432.87,"end":5432.99},{"text":"Sudan,","start":5432.99,"end":5433.23},{"text":"for","start":5433.23,"end":5433.35},{"text":"example,","start":5433.35,"end":5433.79},{"text":"for","start":5433.87,"end":5433.99},{"text":"the","start":5433.99,"end":5434.11},{"text":"same","start":5434.11,"end":5434.31},{"text":"reason,","start":5434.31,"end":5434.67},{"text":"the","start":5434.91,"end":5435.11},{"text":"council","start":5435.39,"end":5435.87},{"text":"must","start":5435.87,"end":5436.07},{"text":"not","start":5436.07,"end":5436.23},{"text":"bar","start":5436.23,"end":5436.43},{"text":"itself","start":5436.43,"end":5436.71},{"text":"from","start":5436.71,"end":5436.91},{"text":"referring","start":5436.91,"end":5437.23},{"text":"to","start":5437.23,"end":5437.39},{"text":"the","start":5437.39,"end":5437.55},{"text":"ICJ,","start":5437.55,"end":5438.19},{"text":"whose","start":5438.19,"end":5438.43},{"text":"growing","start":5438.43,"end":5438.83},{"text":"operations","start":5439.15,"end":5440.11},{"text":"reflects","start":5440.75,"end":5441.31},{"text":"the","start":5441.31,"end":5441.51},{"text":"key,","start":5441.51,"end":5441.87},{"text":"its","start":5442.11,"end":5442.59},{"text":"key","start":5442.59,"end":5442.83},{"text":"role","start":5442.83,"end":5443.15},{"text":"in","start":5443.47,"end":5443.71},{"text":"peaceful","start":5443.79,"end":5444.51},{"text":"resolution","start":5444.83,"end":5445.55},{"text":"architecture","start":5445.55,"end":5446.23},{"text":"for","start":5446.23,"end":5446.35},{"text":"disputes","start":5446.35,"end":5446.91},{"text":"and","start":5446.91,"end":5447.15},{"text":"enhancement","start":5447.15,"end":5447.71},{"text":"of","start":5447.71,"end":5447.79},{"text":"the","start":5447.79,"end":5447.87},{"text":"law.","start":5447.87,"end":5448.19}]},{"text":"In a world driven by crisis, international law remains our best guarantee against lawlessness and violence.","start":5448.99,"end":5453.55,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":5682.35,"end":5682.51},{"text":"a","start":5682.51,"end":5682.59},{"text":"single","start":5682.59,"end":5683.47},{"text":"one","start":5683.71,"end":5683.91},{"text":"of","start":5683.91,"end":5683.99},{"text":"the","start":5683.99,"end":5684.07},{"text":"reforms","start":5684.07,"end":5684.47},{"text":"being","start":5684.47,"end":5684.67},{"text":"carried","start":5684.67,"end":5684.99},{"text":"out","start":5684.99,"end":5685.15},{"text":"today,","start":5685.15,"end":5685.47},{"text":"not","start":5685.71,"end":5685.95},{"text":"a","start":5685.95,"end":5685.99},{"text":"single","start":5685.99,"end":5686.23},{"text":"one","start":5686.23,"end":5686.39},{"text":"of","start":5686.39,"end":5686.47},{"text":"these","start":5686.47,"end":5686.67},{"text":"reforms","start":5686.67,"end":5687.15},{"text":"even","start":5687.15,"end":5687.39},{"text":"mentions","start":5687.39,"end":5688.35},{"text":"that.","start":5688.99,"end":5689.47}]},{"text":"Mr. President, we all see what is transpiring in this world against the backdrop of events which took place in just the first few weeks of 2026.","start":5690.63,"end":5698.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5690.63,"end":5690.83},{"text":"President,","start":5690.83,"end":5691.27},{"text":"we","start":5691.27,"end":5691.35},{"text":"all","start":5691.35,"end":5691.51},{"text":"see","start":5691.51,"end":5692.03},{"text":"what","start":5692.03,"end":5692.23},{"text":"is","start":5692.23,"end":5692.39},{"text":"transpiring","start":5692.39,"end":5693.23},{"text":"in","start":5693.23,"end":5693.31},{"text":"this","start":5693.31,"end":5693.51},{"text":"world","start":5693.51,"end":5693.99},{"text":"against","start":5693.99,"end":5694.27},{"text":"the","start":5694.27,"end":5694.35},{"text":"backdrop","start":5694.35,"end":5694.67},{"text":"of","start":5694.67,"end":5694.79},{"text":"events","start":5694.79,"end":5695.23},{"text":"which","start":5695.23,"end":5695.59},{"text":"took","start":5695.99,"end":5696.23},{"text":"place","start":5696.23,"end":5696.47},{"text":"in","start":5696.47,"end":5696.59},{"text":"just","start":5696.59,"end":5696.75},{"text":"the","start":5696.75,"end":5696.83},{"text":"first","start":5696.83,"end":5697.07},{"text":"few","start":5697.07,"end":5697.19},{"text":"weeks","start":5697.19,"end":5697.67},{"text":"of","start":5698.03,"end":5698.15},{"text":"2026.","start":5698.15,"end":5698.95}]},{"text":"A legitimate question arises, is international law not mere noise?","start":5699.11,"end":5704.15,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":5699.11,"end":5699.15},{"text":"legitimate","start":5699.15,"end":5699.55},{"text":"question","start":5699.55,"end":5699.91},{"text":"arises,","start":5699.91,"end":5700.55},{"text":"is","start":5700.87,"end":5701.03},{"text":"international","start":5701.03,"end":5701.91},{"text":"law","start":5702.39,"end":5702.79},{"text":"not","start":5702.79,"end":5703.03},{"text":"mere","start":5703.03,"end":5703.27},{"text":"noise?","start":5703.27,"end":5704.15}]},{"text":"Perhaps we would be well advised to acknowledge it as being dead, and perhaps we should turn to the idyllic world, the idyllic garden of rule by force.","start":5704.59,"end":5712.11,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5898.31,"end":5898.55},{"text":"what","start":5898.63,"end":5898.87},{"text":"happened","start":5898.87,"end":5899.23},{"text":"to","start":5899.23,"end":5899.31},{"text":"the","start":5899.35,"end":5899.47},{"text":"assurances","start":5899.63,"end":5900.19},{"text":"our","start":5900.19,"end":5900.31},{"text":"Western","start":5900.31,"end":5900.71},{"text":"partners","start":5900.71,"end":5901.19},{"text":"made","start":5901.19,"end":5901.67},{"text":"after","start":5901.83,"end":5902.15},{"text":"the","start":5902.15,"end":5902.27},{"text":"dissolution","start":5902.27,"end":5902.87},{"text":"of","start":5902.87,"end":5902.95},{"text":"the","start":5902.95,"end":5903.03},{"text":"Warsaw","start":5903.03,"end":5903.43},{"text":"Pact.","start":5903.43,"end":5903.99}]},{"text":"Where are those declarations today?","start":5904.43,"end":5906.95,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":5904.43,"end":5904.95},{"text":"are","start":5904.95,"end":5905.27},{"text":"those","start":5905.27,"end":5905.71},{"text":"declarations","start":5905.71,"end":5906.39},{"text":"today?","start":5906.39,"end":5906.95}]},{"text":"Nobody even remembers about them.","start":5906.95,"end":5908.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nobody","start":5906.95,"end":5907.31},{"text":"even","start":5907.31,"end":5907.51},{"text":"remembers","start":5907.51,"end":5908.15},{"text":"about","start":5908.15,"end":5908.47},{"text":"them.","start":5908.47,"end":5908.79}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the ideologues of this aggressive approach were confident and even openly stated that the Russian Federation would remain silent.","start":5910.31,"end":5917.83,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5910.31,"end":5910.71},{"text":"President,","start":5910.71,"end":5911.35},{"text":"the","start":5911.35,"end":5911.51},{"text":"ideologues","start":5911.51,"end":5912.15},{"text":"of","start":5912.15,"end":5912.23},{"text":"this","start":5912.23,"end":5912.63},{"text":"aggressive","start":5912.63,"end":5913.07},{"text":"approach","start":5913.07,"end":5913.67},{"text":"were","start":5913.67,"end":5913.91},{"text":"confident","start":5913.91,"end":5914.55},{"text":"and","start":5914.55,"end":5914.67},{"text":"even","start":5914.67,"end":5914.87},{"text":"openly","start":5914.87,"end":5915.27},{"text":"stated","start":5915.27,"end":5915.83},{"text":"that","start":5915.83,"end":5916.03},{"text":"the","start":5916.03,"end":5916.15},{"text":"Russian","start":5916.15,"end":5916.39},{"text":"Federation","start":5916.39,"end":5916.79},{"text":"would","start":5916.79,"end":5916.95},{"text":"remain","start":5916.95,"end":5917.27},{"text":"silent.","start":5917.27,"end":5917.83}]},{"text":"Even if this expansion is conducted in breach of existing international legal obligations, as was the case with Ukraine, which assumed the obligation not to participate in military alliances in its declaration on state sovereignty, and subsequently also the treaty on cooperation with Russia assumed the obligation not to allow its territory to be used to the detriment of the security of the Russian Federation, Russia had to remain silent even when in order for the expedited implementation of the plans to transform the country into an anti-Russia in Ukraine, a Western-sponsored coup was carried out with the participation of neo-Nazi groups.","start":5918.35,"end":5957.79,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6015.59,"end":6015.99},{"text":"is","start":6015.99,"end":6016.15},{"text":"how","start":6016.15,"end":6016.55},{"text":"their","start":6016.87,"end":6017.35},{"text":"so-called","start":6017.35,"end":6018.15},{"text":"rules-based","start":6018.39,"end":6019.59},{"text":"international","start":6019.59,"end":6020.11},{"text":"order","start":6020.11,"end":6020.39},{"text":"works.","start":6020.39,"end":6020.87}]},{"text":"This order which they themselves advanced, and now they are its victims.","start":6021.27,"end":6025.51,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6021.27,"end":6021.51},{"text":"order","start":6021.51,"end":6021.83},{"text":"which","start":6021.83,"end":6022.07},{"text":"they","start":6022.07,"end":6022.15},{"text":"themselves","start":6022.15,"end":6022.95},{"text":"advanced,","start":6022.99,"end":6023.47},{"text":"and","start":6023.51,"end":6023.71},{"text":"now","start":6023.71,"end":6023.91},{"text":"they","start":6023.91,"end":6024.15},{"text":"are","start":6024.15,"end":6024.39},{"text":"its","start":6024.39,"end":6024.75},{"text":"victims.","start":6024.75,"end":6025.51}]},{"text":"The revolution, as we -- as is known, is devouring its own children.","start":6026.27,"end":6031.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6026.27,"end":6026.31},{"text":"revolution,","start":6026.31,"end":6027.27},{"text":"as","start":6027.59,"end":6027.83},{"text":"we","start":6027.83,"end":6028.15},{"text":"--","start":6028.15,"end":6028.19},{"text":"as","start":6028.23,"end":6028.43},{"text":"is","start":6028.43,"end":6028.55},{"text":"known,","start":6028.55,"end":6028.87},{"text":"is","start":6028.87,"end":6029.27},{"text":"devouring","start":6029.27,"end":6029.87},{"text":"its","start":6029.87,"end":6030.07},{"text":"own","start":6030.15,"end":6030.47},{"text":"children.","start":6030.47,"end":6031.11}]},{"text":"Mr. President, let us pose a question.","start":6035.35,"end":6038.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6035.35,"end":6035.71},{"text":"President,","start":6035.71,"end":6036.31},{"text":"let","start":6036.87,"end":6037.19},{"text":"us","start":6037.19,"end":6037.43},{"text":"pose","start":6037.51,"end":6037.87},{"text":"a","start":6037.87,"end":6037.91},{"text":"question.","start":6037.91,"end":6038.63}]},{"text":"Was this a rational choice even for those who opted for confrontation?","start":6038.95,"end":6042.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Was","start":6038.95,"end":6039.19},{"text":"this","start":6039.19,"end":6039.51},{"text":"a","start":6039.51,"end":6039.55},{"text":"rational","start":6039.55,"end":6039.99},{"text":"choice","start":6039.99,"end":6040.35},{"text":"even","start":6040.35,"end":6040.59},{"text":"for","start":6040.59,"end":6040.71},{"text":"those","start":6040.71,"end":6041.03},{"text":"who","start":6041.03,"end":6041.19},{"text":"opted","start":6041.19,"end":6041.67},{"text":"for","start":6041.67,"end":6041.83},{"text":"confrontation?","start":6041.83,"end":6042.63}]},{"text":"We believe no. The world is falling into the abyss of geopolitical economic crisis which is causing suffering even for the populations of those countries who banked on domination through force.","start":6042.63,"end":6056.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6042.63,"end":6042.79},{"text":"believe","start":6042.79,"end":6043.27},{"text":"no.","start":6043.35,"end":6043.91},{"text":"The","start":6044.95,"end":6045.11},{"text":"world","start":6045.11,"end":6045.67},{"text":"is","start":6045.67,"end":6046.07},{"text":"falling","start":6046.07,"end":6046.71},{"text":"into","start":6046.71,"end":6047.03},{"text":"the","start":6047.03,"end":6047.15},{"text":"abyss","start":6047.27,"end":6048.07},{"text":"of","start":6048.19,"end":6048.31},{"text":"geopolitical","start":6048.39,"end":6049.07},{"text":"economic","start":6049.07,"end":6049.47},{"text":"crisis","start":6049.47,"end":6049.99},{"text":"which","start":6049.99,"end":6050.15},{"text":"is","start":6050.15,"end":6050.27},{"text":"causing","start":6050.27,"end":6050.71},{"text":"suffering","start":6050.71,"end":6051.19},{"text":"even","start":6051.19,"end":6051.43},{"text":"for","start":6051.43,"end":6051.59},{"text":"the","start":6051.59,"end":6051.67},{"text":"populations","start":6051.67,"end":6052.23},{"text":"of","start":6052.23,"end":6052.31},{"text":"those","start":6052.31,"end":6052.55},{"text":"countries","start":6052.55,"end":6053.03},{"text":"who","start":6053.43,"end":6053.99},{"text":"banked","start":6054.07,"end":6054.63},{"text":"on","start":6054.63,"end":6055.03},{"text":"domination","start":6055.03,"end":6055.63},{"text":"through","start":6055.63,"end":6055.83},{"text":"force.","start":6055.83,"end":6056.63}]},{"text":"We believe that the way out of the multi-faceted crisis does not lie, contrary to the beliefs of the elites of those countries, does not lie through building the idyllic garden behind whose barbed enclosure the majority of population is suffering.","start":6057.03,"end":6075.11,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6057.03,"end":6057.19},{"text":"believe","start":6057.19,"end":6057.67},{"text":"that","start":6057.75,"end":6058.23},{"text":"the","start":6058.23,"end":6058.43},{"text":"way","start":6058.43,"end":6058.71},{"text":"out","start":6058.71,"end":6059.07},{"text":"of","start":6059.07,"end":6059.19},{"text":"the","start":6059.19,"end":6059.35},{"text":"multi-faceted","start":6059.51,"end":6061.31},{"text":"crisis","start":6061.31,"end":6061.75},{"text":"does","start":6061.75,"end":6061.91},{"text":"not","start":6061.91,"end":6062.15},{"text":"lie,","start":6062.15,"end":6062.55},{"text":"contrary","start":6062.95,"end":6063.31},{"text":"to","start":6063.31,"end":6063.43},{"text":"the","start":6063.43,"end":6063.63},{"text":"beliefs","start":6064.31,"end":6064.79},{"text":"of","start":6064.79,"end":6064.87},{"text":"the","start":6064.87,"end":6064.95},{"text":"elites","start":6064.95,"end":6065.15},{"text":"of","start":6065.15,"end":6065.23},{"text":"those","start":6065.23,"end":6065.35},{"text":"countries,","start":6065.35,"end":6065.83},{"text":"does","start":6066.07,"end":6066.23},{"text":"not","start":6066.23,"end":6066.47},{"text":"lie","start":6066.47,"end":6066.95},{"text":"through","start":6067.03,"end":6067.43},{"text":"building","start":6067.43,"end":6067.87},{"text":"the","start":6067.87,"end":6067.95},{"text":"idyllic","start":6067.95,"end":6068.87},{"text":"garden","start":6068.87,"end":6069.51},{"text":"behind","start":6070.07,"end":6070.43},{"text":"whose","start":6070.43,"end":6070.87},{"text":"barbed","start":6070.95,"end":6071.31},{"text":"enclosure","start":6071.31,"end":6071.83},{"text":"the","start":6071.83,"end":6071.91},{"text":"majority","start":6071.91,"end":6072.27},{"text":"of","start":6072.27,"end":6072.35},{"text":"population","start":6072.35,"end":6072.95},{"text":"is","start":6074.31,"end":6074.47},{"text":"suffering.","start":6074.47,"end":6075.11}]},{"text":"We mustn't allow for the most dreadful predictions of fantasy writers to materialize where people are divided into the privileged ones who enjoy longevity and those with short lifespans who provide for the For this reason, restoration of respect for international law is not a theoretical challenge, but it is the only path to salvation of humankind.","start":6075.27,"end":6099.59,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6075.27,"end":6075.51},{"text":"mustn't","start":6075.51,"end":6076.03},{"text":"allow","start":6076.03,"end":6076.31},{"text":"for","start":6076.31,"end":6076.71},{"text":"the","start":6076.71,"end":6076.83},{"text":"most","start":6076.83,"end":6076.99},{"text":"dreadful","start":6076.99,"end":6077.35},{"text":"predictions","start":6077.35,"end":6078.15},{"text":"of","start":6078.19,"end":6078.31},{"text":"fantasy","start":6078.47,"end":6078.87},{"text":"writers","start":6078.87,"end":6079.11},{"text":"to","start":6079.11,"end":6079.35},{"text":"materialize","start":6079.51,"end":6080.39},{"text":"where","start":6080.39,"end":6080.55},{"text":"people","start":6080.55,"end":6081.03},{"text":"are","start":6081.03,"end":6081.19},{"text":"divided","start":6081.19,"end":6081.67},{"text":"into","start":6081.67,"end":6081.91},{"text":"the","start":6081.91,"end":6081.99},{"text":"privileged","start":6081.99,"end":6082.55},{"text":"ones","start":6082.55,"end":6082.83},{"text":"who","start":6082.83,"end":6082.91},{"text":"enjoy","start":6082.91,"end":6083.11},{"text":"longevity","start":6083.11,"end":6083.83},{"text":"and","start":6083.99,"end":6084.19},{"text":"those","start":6084.19,"end":6084.39},{"text":"with","start":6084.39,"end":6084.55},{"text":"short","start":6084.55,"end":6084.95},{"text":"lifespans","start":6084.95,"end":6085.75},{"text":"who","start":6085.87,"end":6085.99},{"text":"provide","start":6085.99,"end":6086.63},{"text":"for","start":6086.63,"end":6086.79},{"text":"the","start":6086.79,"end":6086.91},{"text":"For","start":6087.83,"end":6088.47},{"text":"this","start":6090.07,"end":6090.31},{"text":"reason,","start":6090.31,"end":6090.71},{"text":"restoration","start":6090.95,"end":6091.63},{"text":"of","start":6091.63,"end":6091.71},{"text":"respect","start":6091.71,"end":6092.47},{"text":"for","start":6093.43,"end":6093.75},{"text":"international","start":6093.75,"end":6094.79},{"text":"law","start":6094.79,"end":6094.95},{"text":"is","start":6094.95,"end":6095.11},{"text":"not","start":6095.11,"end":6095.39},{"text":"a","start":6095.39,"end":6095.43},{"text":"theoretical","start":6095.43,"end":6096.31},{"text":"challenge,","start":6096.31,"end":6096.71},{"text":"but","start":6096.71,"end":6096.95},{"text":"it","start":6096.95,"end":6097.11},{"text":"is","start":6097.11,"end":6097.23},{"text":"the","start":6097.23,"end":6097.35},{"text":"only","start":6097.35,"end":6097.91},{"text":"path","start":6098.07,"end":6098.39},{"text":"to","start":6098.39,"end":6098.51},{"text":"salvation","start":6098.51,"end":6098.95},{"text":"of","start":6098.95,"end":6099.03},{"text":"humankind.","start":6099.03,"end":6099.59}]},{"text":"If we allow this opportunity to slip away, there may be no second chance.","start":6099.59,"end":6103.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":6099.59,"end":6099.79},{"text":"we","start":6099.79,"end":6099.91},{"text":"allow","start":6099.91,"end":6100.07},{"text":"this","start":6100.07,"end":6100.19},{"text":"opportunity","start":6100.19,"end":6100.71},{"text":"to","start":6100.71,"end":6100.83},{"text":"slip","start":6100.83,"end":6101.03},{"text":"away,","start":6101.03,"end":6101.51},{"text":"there","start":6101.67,"end":6101.91},{"text":"may","start":6101.91,"end":6102.23},{"text":"be","start":6102.23,"end":6102.47},{"text":"no","start":6102.47,"end":6102.87},{"text":"second","start":6102.87,"end":6103.35},{"text":"chance.","start":6103.35,"end":6103.91}]},{"text":"Mr. President, we believe that not a single sensible person would like to live in a world where, for example, international law of the sea does not work, where freedom of navigation in the open seas can be threatened through acts of force based on domestic legislation of certain states.","start":6104.35,"end":6122.79,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6178.83,"end":6179.03},{"text":"President,","start":6179.03,"end":6179.59},{"text":"we","start":6180.07,"end":6180.47},{"text":"all","start":6180.55,"end":6180.95},{"text":"must","start":6180.95,"end":6181.35},{"text":"fight","start":6181.35,"end":6181.83},{"text":"for","start":6181.83,"end":6181.95},{"text":"international","start":6181.95,"end":6182.71},{"text":"law.","start":6182.71,"end":6182.87}]},{"text":"Each voice here counts.","start":6183.19,"end":6184.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Each","start":6183.19,"end":6183.59},{"text":"voice","start":6183.59,"end":6183.91},{"text":"here","start":6183.91,"end":6184.15},{"text":"counts.","start":6184.15,"end":6184.55}]},{"text":"The fight for international law is a fight for the standard meaning of words, where a violation is called a violation.","start":6184.55,"end":6191.75,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6184.55,"end":6184.71},{"text":"fight","start":6184.71,"end":6185.19},{"text":"for","start":6185.19,"end":6185.35},{"text":"international","start":6185.35,"end":6185.95},{"text":"law","start":6185.95,"end":6186.07},{"text":"is","start":6186.07,"end":6186.23},{"text":"a","start":6186.23,"end":6186.31},{"text":"fight","start":6186.31,"end":6186.87},{"text":"for","start":6187.11,"end":6187.27},{"text":"the","start":6187.27,"end":6187.43},{"text":"standard","start":6187.43,"end":6188.15},{"text":"meaning","start":6188.23,"end":6188.59},{"text":"of","start":6188.59,"end":6188.71},{"text":"words,","start":6188.71,"end":6189.15},{"text":"where","start":6189.15,"end":6189.35},{"text":"a","start":6189.35,"end":6189.39},{"text":"violation","start":6189.39,"end":6190.23},{"text":"is","start":6190.47,"end":6190.67},{"text":"called","start":6190.67,"end":6190.87},{"text":"a","start":6190.87,"end":6190.95},{"text":"violation.","start":6190.95,"end":6191.75}]},{"text":"We are aware that for many countries, speaking truth is an act of courage, which is frequently fraught with threats and coercion.","start":6191.91,"end":6199.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6191.91,"end":6192.11},{"text":"are","start":6192.11,"end":6192.19},{"text":"aware","start":6192.19,"end":6192.39},{"text":"that","start":6192.39,"end":6192.59},{"text":"for","start":6192.59,"end":6192.71},{"text":"many","start":6192.71,"end":6192.95},{"text":"countries,","start":6192.95,"end":6193.35},{"text":"speaking","start":6193.35,"end":6193.99},{"text":"truth","start":6193.99,"end":6194.39},{"text":"is","start":6194.71,"end":6194.87},{"text":"an","start":6194.87,"end":6194.95},{"text":"act","start":6194.95,"end":6195.19},{"text":"of","start":6195.23,"end":6195.35},{"text":"courage,","start":6195.35,"end":6196.23},{"text":"which","start":6196.43,"end":6196.71},{"text":"is","start":6196.71,"end":6196.87},{"text":"frequently","start":6196.87,"end":6197.43},{"text":"fraught","start":6197.43,"end":6198.07},{"text":"with","start":6198.15,"end":6198.35},{"text":"threats","start":6198.35,"end":6199.03},{"text":"and","start":6199.03,"end":6199.19},{"text":"coercion.","start":6199.19,"end":6199.99}]},{"text":"But defense of truth is no easy feat.","start":6200.55,"end":6204.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":6200.55,"end":6200.95},{"text":"defense","start":6200.95,"end":6201.67},{"text":"of","start":6201.87,"end":6201.99},{"text":"truth","start":6202.15,"end":6202.63},{"text":"is","start":6202.71,"end":6202.95},{"text":"no","start":6202.95,"end":6203.27},{"text":"easy","start":6203.27,"end":6203.59},{"text":"feat.","start":6203.59,"end":6204.07}]},{"text":"An important role in this fight falls to the United Nations.","start":6204.55,"end":6208.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"An","start":6204.55,"end":6204.67},{"text":"important","start":6204.67,"end":6205.07},{"text":"role","start":6205.07,"end":6205.47},{"text":"in","start":6205.71,"end":6205.87},{"text":"this","start":6205.87,"end":6206.19},{"text":"fight","start":6206.19,"end":6206.83},{"text":"falls","start":6206.99,"end":6207.31},{"text":"to","start":6207.31,"end":6207.39},{"text":"the","start":6207.39,"end":6207.47},{"text":"United","start":6207.47,"end":6207.79},{"text":"Nations.","start":6207.79,"end":6208.19}]},{"text":"Now we must recognize that the United Nations is not at its best.","start":6208.19,"end":6211.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":6208.19,"end":6208.39},{"text":"we","start":6208.39,"end":6208.51},{"text":"must","start":6208.51,"end":6208.75},{"text":"recognize","start":6208.75,"end":6209.23},{"text":"that","start":6209.23,"end":6209.35},{"text":"the","start":6209.35,"end":6209.43},{"text":"United","start":6209.43,"end":6209.71},{"text":"Nations","start":6209.71,"end":6210.19},{"text":"is","start":6210.19,"end":6210.35},{"text":"not","start":6210.35,"end":6210.83},{"text":"at","start":6210.91,"end":6211.03},{"text":"its","start":6211.03,"end":6211.23},{"text":"best.","start":6211.23,"end":6211.79}]},{"text":"In order to remedy this situation, it must revert back to independence and not take the side of the mighty and the wealthy as it is currently doing.","start":6212.27,"end":6222.19,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6286.07,"end":6286.35},{"text":"President,","start":6286.35,"end":6286.87},{"text":"My","start":6287.59,"end":6287.75},{"text":"country's","start":6287.75,"end":6288.35},{"text":"history","start":6288.35,"end":6288.87},{"text":"reflects","start":6288.87,"end":6289.59},{"text":"both","start":6289.59,"end":6289.99},{"text":"the","start":6290.23,"end":6290.39},{"text":"fragility","start":6290.39,"end":6291.19},{"text":"and","start":6291.19,"end":6291.43},{"text":"the","start":6291.43,"end":6291.51},{"text":"resilience","start":6291.51,"end":6292.11},{"text":"of","start":6292.11,"end":6292.23},{"text":"international","start":6292.23,"end":6293.15},{"text":"law.","start":6293.15,"end":6293.23}]},{"text":"When the principles of the United Nations Charter are upheld, nations can reclaim their independence and build free, democratic, and prosperous societies.","start":6294.03,"end":6303.99,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":6304.67,"end":6304.87},{"text":"those","start":6304.87,"end":6305.11},{"text":"principles","start":6305.11,"end":6305.75},{"text":"are","start":6305.75,"end":6305.99},{"text":"disregarded,","start":6305.99,"end":6306.87},{"text":"the","start":6307.19,"end":6307.35},{"text":"cost","start":6307.35,"end":6307.67},{"text":"is","start":6307.67,"end":6307.83},{"text":"measured","start":6307.83,"end":6308.19},{"text":"in","start":6308.19,"end":6308.31},{"text":"human","start":6308.31,"end":6308.71},{"text":"suffering","start":6308.71,"end":6309.27},{"text":"and","start":6309.51,"end":6309.67},{"text":"denial","start":6309.67,"end":6310.31},{"text":"of","start":6310.47,"end":6310.59},{"text":"fundamental","start":6310.59,"end":6311.27},{"text":"rights.","start":6311.27,"end":6311.75}]},{"text":"The rule of law is not merely a set of norms.","start":6312.71,"end":6315.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6312.71,"end":6312.83},{"text":"rule","start":6312.83,"end":6313.03},{"text":"of","start":6313.03,"end":6313.11},{"text":"law","start":6313.11,"end":6313.55},{"text":"is","start":6313.55,"end":6313.75},{"text":"not","start":6313.75,"end":6313.91},{"text":"merely","start":6313.91,"end":6314.43},{"text":"a","start":6314.43,"end":6314.47},{"text":"set","start":6314.47,"end":6314.75},{"text":"of","start":6314.75,"end":6314.87},{"text":"norms.","start":6314.87,"end":6315.35}]},{"text":"It is a vital shield against tyranny, oppression, and violations of human rights.","start":6315.83,"end":6321.63,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":6380.35,"end":6380.55},{"text":"provisions","start":6380.55,"end":6381.31},{"text":"must","start":6381.47,"end":6381.71},{"text":"be","start":6381.71,"end":6381.95},{"text":"applied","start":6381.95,"end":6382.35},{"text":"fully","start":6382.35,"end":6382.99},{"text":"and","start":6383.07,"end":6383.23},{"text":"consistently,","start":6383.23,"end":6384.19},{"text":"not","start":6384.27,"end":6384.55},{"text":"selectively.","start":6384.55,"end":6385.31}]},{"text":"The norms of the Charter are binding legal commitments that form the backbone of international peace and security.","start":6386.11,"end":6393.31,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6386.11,"end":6386.19},{"text":"norms","start":6386.19,"end":6386.75},{"text":"of","start":6386.75,"end":6386.91},{"text":"the","start":6386.91,"end":6386.99},{"text":"Charter","start":6386.99,"end":6387.55},{"text":"are","start":6387.71,"end":6387.87},{"text":"binding","start":6387.87,"end":6388.43},{"text":"legal","start":6388.43,"end":6388.75},{"text":"commitments","start":6388.75,"end":6389.55},{"text":"that","start":6389.55,"end":6389.79},{"text":"form","start":6389.79,"end":6390.11},{"text":"the","start":6390.11,"end":6390.27},{"text":"backbone","start":6390.27,"end":6390.91},{"text":"of","start":6390.99,"end":6391.15},{"text":"international","start":6391.15,"end":6391.87},{"text":"peace","start":6391.87,"end":6392.35},{"text":"and","start":6392.51,"end":6392.67},{"text":"security.","start":6392.67,"end":6393.31}]},{"text":"In this context, consistent application of peaceful settlement mechanisms, as reflected in the Article 33 of the Charter, would strengthen preventive action and reduce both the risk of escalation and the number of conflicts.","start":6394.19,"end":6409.35,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6394.19,"end":6394.35},{"text":"this","start":6394.35,"end":6394.51},{"text":"context,","start":6394.51,"end":6395.15},{"text":"consistent","start":6395.55,"end":6396.11},{"text":"application","start":6396.11,"end":6396.87},{"text":"of","start":6396.87,"end":6397.11},{"text":"peaceful","start":6397.19,"end":6397.75},{"text":"settlement","start":6397.75,"end":6398.31},{"text":"mechanisms,","start":6398.31,"end":6399.03},{"text":"as","start":6399.27,"end":6399.51},{"text":"reflected","start":6399.51,"end":6400.07},{"text":"in","start":6400.07,"end":6400.23},{"text":"the","start":6400.23,"end":6400.31},{"text":"Article","start":6400.31,"end":6401.03},{"text":"33","start":6401.03,"end":6401.51},{"text":"of","start":6401.51,"end":6401.63},{"text":"the","start":6401.63,"end":6401.75},{"text":"Charter,","start":6401.75,"end":6402.31},{"text":"would","start":6402.71,"end":6402.95},{"text":"strengthen","start":6402.95,"end":6403.51},{"text":"preventive","start":6403.59,"end":6404.23},{"text":"action","start":6404.31,"end":6404.95},{"text":"and","start":6405.11,"end":6405.31},{"text":"reduce","start":6405.31,"end":6405.83},{"text":"both","start":6405.91,"end":6406.31},{"text":"the","start":6406.39,"end":6406.59},{"text":"risk","start":6406.59,"end":6406.95},{"text":"of","start":6406.95,"end":6407.11},{"text":"escalation","start":6407.11,"end":6407.83},{"text":"and","start":6407.99,"end":6408.19},{"text":"the","start":6408.19,"end":6408.27},{"text":"number","start":6408.27,"end":6408.67},{"text":"of","start":6408.67,"end":6408.75},{"text":"conflicts.","start":6408.75,"end":6409.35}]},{"text":"Likewise, respect of the Article 27.3, would further support the proper functioning and credibility of the Council by ensuring that decision-making reflects restraint and adherence to the Charter framework.","start":6410.31,"end":6425.75,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":6410.31,"end":6411.03},{"text":"respect","start":6411.43,"end":6411.95},{"text":"of","start":6411.95,"end":6412.03},{"text":"the","start":6412.03,"end":6412.15},{"text":"Article","start":6412.15,"end":6412.71},{"text":"27.3,","start":6412.71,"end":6413.75},{"text":"would","start":6414.95,"end":6415.19},{"text":"further","start":6415.19,"end":6415.75},{"text":"support","start":6415.75,"end":6416.23},{"text":"the","start":6416.23,"end":6416.31},{"text":"proper","start":6416.31,"end":6416.79},{"text":"functioning","start":6416.79,"end":6417.43},{"text":"and","start":6417.43,"end":6417.59},{"text":"credibility","start":6417.59,"end":6418.39},{"text":"of","start":6418.39,"end":6418.55},{"text":"the","start":6418.55,"end":6418.67},{"text":"Council","start":6418.67,"end":6419.19},{"text":"by","start":6419.51,"end":6419.67},{"text":"ensuring","start":6419.67,"end":6420.31},{"text":"that","start":6420.31,"end":6420.47},{"text":"decision-making","start":6420.47,"end":6421.35},{"text":"reflects","start":6421.35,"end":6421.99},{"text":"restraint","start":6422.23,"end":6422.95},{"text":"and","start":6423.11,"end":6423.35},{"text":"adherence","start":6423.35,"end":6423.99},{"text":"to","start":6423.99,"end":6424.23},{"text":"the","start":6424.23,"end":6424.31},{"text":"Charter","start":6424.31,"end":6424.87},{"text":"framework.","start":6425.11,"end":6425.75}]},{"text":"Third, reaffirming the rule of law requires more than rhetoric.","start":6427.35,"end":6432.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":6427.35,"end":6427.67},{"text":"reaffirming","start":6428.47,"end":6429.19},{"text":"the","start":6429.27,"end":6429.47},{"text":"rule","start":6429.47,"end":6429.99},{"text":"of","start":6429.99,"end":6430.07},{"text":"law","start":6430.07,"end":6430.59},{"text":"requires","start":6430.71,"end":6431.43},{"text":"more","start":6431.43,"end":6431.83},{"text":"than","start":6431.83,"end":6431.99},{"text":"rhetoric.","start":6431.99,"end":6432.63}]},{"text":"It requires consistency.","start":6433.19,"end":6434.95,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6433.19,"end":6433.35},{"text":"requires","start":6433.35,"end":6433.91},{"text":"consistency.","start":6433.99,"end":6434.95}]},{"text":"It requires that same rules are applied by all states without exception.","start":6435.75,"end":6440.71,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6435.75,"end":6435.99},{"text":"requires","start":6435.99,"end":6436.55},{"text":"that","start":6436.55,"end":6436.71},{"text":"same","start":6436.71,"end":6437.11},{"text":"rules","start":6437.11,"end":6437.59},{"text":"are","start":6437.59,"end":6437.79},{"text":"applied","start":6437.79,"end":6438.27},{"text":"by","start":6438.27,"end":6438.55},{"text":"all","start":6438.55,"end":6438.87},{"text":"states","start":6438.87,"end":6439.43},{"text":"without","start":6439.51,"end":6440.07},{"text":"exception.","start":6440.07,"end":6440.71}]},{"text":"It requires credible accountability for grave violations of international law, including violations of international humanitarian law.","start":6441.95,"end":6450.43,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6441.95,"end":6442.11},{"text":"requires","start":6442.11,"end":6442.63},{"text":"credible","start":6442.63,"end":6443.19},{"text":"accountability","start":6443.19,"end":6444.15},{"text":"for","start":6444.15,"end":6444.39},{"text":"grave","start":6444.39,"end":6444.83},{"text":"violations","start":6444.83,"end":6445.51},{"text":"of","start":6445.51,"end":6445.67},{"text":"international","start":6445.67,"end":6446.63},{"text":"law,","start":6446.63,"end":6446.71},{"text":"including","start":6447.27,"end":6447.91},{"text":"violations","start":6447.99,"end":6448.59},{"text":"of","start":6448.59,"end":6448.71},{"text":"international","start":6448.71,"end":6449.43},{"text":"humanitarian","start":6449.43,"end":6450.07},{"text":"law.","start":6450.07,"end":6450.43}]},{"text":"And it requires the Security Council to act in a manner that reinforces legality, predictability, and respect for international law, as affirmed by multiple presidential statements in the past.","start":6451.19,"end":6463.99,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6451.19,"end":6451.39},{"text":"it","start":6451.39,"end":6451.47},{"text":"requires","start":6451.47,"end":6452.15},{"text":"the","start":6452.15,"end":6452.31},{"text":"Security","start":6452.31,"end":6453.11},{"text":"Council","start":6453.11,"end":6453.67},{"text":"to","start":6453.83,"end":6453.95},{"text":"act","start":6453.99,"end":6454.35},{"text":"in","start":6454.35,"end":6454.43},{"text":"a","start":6454.43,"end":6454.47},{"text":"manner","start":6454.47,"end":6455.03},{"text":"that","start":6455.35,"end":6455.51},{"text":"reinforces","start":6455.51,"end":6456.23},{"text":"legality,","start":6456.23,"end":6457.03},{"text":"predictability,","start":6457.15,"end":6458.15},{"text":"and","start":6458.47,"end":6458.67},{"text":"respect","start":6458.67,"end":6459.07},{"text":"for","start":6459.07,"end":6459.19},{"text":"international","start":6459.19,"end":6460.19},{"text":"law,","start":6460.19,"end":6460.27},{"text":"as","start":6460.63,"end":6460.87},{"text":"affirmed","start":6460.87,"end":6461.23},{"text":"by","start":6461.23,"end":6461.51},{"text":"multiple","start":6461.51,"end":6461.99},{"text":"presidential","start":6461.99,"end":6462.59},{"text":"statements","start":6462.59,"end":6463.19},{"text":"in","start":6463.35,"end":6463.51},{"text":"the","start":6463.51,"end":6463.59},{"text":"past.","start":6463.59,"end":6463.99}]},{"text":"Mr. President, as we mark the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, This Council has a responsibility to demonstrate that international law still matters.","start":6464.95,"end":6475.63,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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Liberia.","start":6500.99,"end":6507.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6500.99,"end":6501.15},{"text":"thank","start":6501.15,"end":6501.47},{"text":"the","start":6501.47,"end":6501.59},{"text":"representative","start":6501.59,"end":6502.43},{"text":"of","start":6502.87,"end":6502.99},{"text":"Latvia","start":6502.99,"end":6503.55},{"text":"for","start":6503.55,"end":6503.75},{"text":"his","start":6503.75,"end":6503.87},{"text":"statement","start":6503.87,"end":6504.59},{"text":"and","start":6505.19,"end":6505.35},{"text":"now","start":6505.35,"end":6505.47},{"text":"give","start":6505.47,"end":6505.71},{"text":"the","start":6505.71,"end":6505.83},{"text":"floor","start":6505.83,"end":6506.19},{"text":"to","start":6506.19,"end":6506.27},{"text":"the","start":6506.27,"end":6506.35},{"text":"representative","start":6506.35,"end":6507.07},{"text":"of","start":6507.07,"end":6507.15},{"text":"Liberia.","start":6507.15,"end":6507.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":6513.55,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=6514","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Liberia thanks Somalia for convening this important debate and the distinguished briefers for their insightful 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tested, not by the absence of rules, but by uncertainty in application.","start":6529.35,"end":6552.83,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal 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question before us It's not whether international law exists.","start":6554.75,"end":6560.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6554.75,"end":6554.91},{"text":"question","start":6554.91,"end":6555.47},{"text":"before","start":6555.47,"end":6556.31},{"text":"us","start":6556.31,"end":6556.75},{"text":"It's","start":6557.83,"end":6558.03},{"text":"not","start":6558.03,"end":6558.31},{"text":"whether","start":6558.31,"end":6558.75},{"text":"international","start":6558.75,"end":6559.83},{"text":"law","start":6559.83,"end":6559.91},{"text":"exists.","start":6559.91,"end":6560.99}]},{"text":"It is whether it still governs conduct when it matters most.","start":6562.27,"end":6568.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6562.27,"end":6562.55},{"text":"is","start":6562.55,"end":6562.63},{"text":"whether","start":6562.63,"end":6563.31},{"text":"it","start":6564.11,"end":6564.31},{"text":"still","start":6564.31,"end":6564.67},{"text":"governs","start":6564.67,"end":6565.31},{"text":"conduct","start":6565.31,"end":6566.11},{"text":"when","start":6567.19,"end":6567.47},{"text":"it","start":6567.47,"end":6567.55},{"text":"matters","start":6567.55,"end":6568.11},{"text":"most.","start":6568.11,"end":6568.75}]},{"text":"For Liberia, the rule of law is practical, not ornamental.","start":6571.15,"end":6579.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":6571.15,"end":6571.39},{"text":"Liberia,","start":6571.39,"end":6572.11},{"text":"the","start":6573.71,"end":6573.87},{"text":"rule","start":6573.87,"end":6574.23},{"text":"of","start":6574.23,"end":6574.35},{"text":"law","start":6574.35,"end":6574.91},{"text":"is","start":6575.31,"end":6575.55},{"text":"practical,","start":6575.55,"end":6576.35},{"text":"not","start":6577.63,"end":6578.03},{"text":"ornamental.","start":6578.27,"end":6579.07}]},{"text":"It does govern conduct.","start":6581.15,"end":6583.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6581.15,"end":6581.27},{"text":"does","start":6581.27,"end":6581.95},{"text":"govern","start":6582.03,"end":6582.75},{"text":"conduct.","start":6583.07,"end":6583.79}]},{"text":"As the briefers and many speakers before us have rightly pointed out, the rule of law allocates 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6999.63,"end":7000.11},{"text":"mechanisms","start":7000.11,"end":7001.47},{"text":"are","start":7002.43,"end":7002.79},{"text":"not","start":7002.79,"end":7003.39},{"text":"signs","start":7003.39,"end":7004.43},{"text":"of","start":7004.91,"end":7005.07},{"text":"weakness.","start":7005.07,"end":7005.95}]},{"text":"They are truly safeguards against escalation and insecurity.","start":7007.07,"end":7015.39,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7007.07,"end":7007.31},{"text":"are","start":7007.31,"end":7007.55},{"text":"truly","start":7007.55,"end":7008.35},{"text":"safeguards","start":7008.91,"end":7010.19},{"text":"against","start":7010.59,"end":7011.31},{"text":"escalation","start":7011.47,"end":7012.51},{"text":"and","start":7013.23,"end":7013.87},{"text":"insecurity.","start":7014.27,"end":7015.39}]},{"text":"When they are bypassed, ignored, or applied unevenly, the Council's preventive capacity ultimately diminishes.","start":7016.87,"end":7032.47,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":7016.87,"end":7017.23},{"text":"they","start":7017.23,"end":7017.55},{"text":"are","start":7017.55,"end":7017.67},{"text":"bypassed,","start":7017.67,"end":7018.99},{"text":"ignored,","start":7020.11,"end":7021.15},{"text":"or","start":7022.15,"end":7022.47},{"text":"applied","start":7022.47,"end":7023.43},{"text":"unevenly,","start":7023.59,"end":7024.87},{"text":"the","start":7026.71,"end":7026.87},{"text":"Council's","start":7026.87,"end":7027.67},{"text":"preventive","start":7027.67,"end":7028.63},{"text":"capacity","start":7028.63,"end":7029.75},{"text":"ultimately","start":7030.31,"end":7031.31},{"text":"diminishes.","start":7031.31,"end":7032.47}]},{"text":"Liberia believes the Security Council can restore confidence and reinvigorate multilateralism by acting with greater discipline in three areas.","start":7033.51,"end":7049.27,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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floor to the representative of Colombia.","start":7219.19,"end":7222.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7219.19,"end":7219.23},{"text":"now","start":7219.23,"end":7219.39},{"text":"give","start":7219.39,"end":7219.59},{"text":"the","start":7219.59,"end":7219.71},{"text":"floor","start":7219.71,"end":7220.15},{"text":"to","start":7220.15,"end":7220.23},{"text":"the","start":7220.55,"end":7220.67},{"text":"representative","start":7220.71,"end":7221.51},{"text":"of","start":7221.51,"end":7221.59},{"text":"Colombia.","start":7221.59,"end":7222.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":7226.91,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=7227","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":7226.91,"end":7228.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7226.91,"end":7227.31},{"text":"you,","start":7227.31,"end":7227.47},{"text":"Mr.","start":7227.47,"end":7227.75},{"text":"President.","start":7227.75,"end":7228.35}]},{"text":"I'd like to thank Somalia for proposing this very timely open debate, and I would like to thank the Secretary General and the briefers for their presentations.","start":7229.11,"end":7240.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":7229.11,"end":7229.31},{"text":"like","start":7229.31,"end":7229.51},{"text":"to","start":7229.51,"end":7229.79},{"text":"thank","start":7229.79,"end":7230.15},{"text":"Somalia","start":7230.15,"end":7230.83},{"text":"for","start":7230.83,"end":7231.11},{"text":"proposing","start":7231.11,"end":7231.87},{"text":"this","start":7231.87,"end":7232.19},{"text":"very","start":7232.43,"end":7232.75},{"text":"timely","start":7232.75,"end":7233.31},{"text":"open","start":7233.63,"end":7234.07},{"text":"debate,","start":7234.07,"end":7234.59},{"text":"and","start":7235.11,"end":7235.39},{"text":"I","start":7235.79,"end":7236.03},{"text":"would","start":7236.03,"end":7236.19},{"text":"like","start":7236.19,"end":7236.35},{"text":"to","start":7236.35,"end":7236.51},{"text":"thank","start":7236.51,"end":7236.83},{"text":"the","start":7236.83,"end":7236.99},{"text":"Secretary","start":7236.99,"end":7237.55},{"text":"General","start":7237.55,"end":7238.03},{"text":"and","start":7238.03,"end":7238.15},{"text":"the","start":7238.15,"end":7238.27},{"text":"briefers","start":7238.27,"end":7238.63},{"text":"for","start":7238.75,"end":7238.91},{"text":"their","start":7238.91,"end":7239.15},{"text":"presentations.","start":7239.31,"end":7240.43}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the rule of law has been and must continue to be the cornerstone of the multilateral system.","start":7241.03,"end":7248.67,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Respect","start":7307.59,"end":7308.07},{"text":"for","start":7308.07,"end":7308.27},{"text":"sovereign","start":7308.27,"end":7308.79},{"text":"equality,","start":7308.79,"end":7309.59},{"text":"the","start":7309.67,"end":7309.87},{"text":"prohibition","start":7309.91,"end":7310.79},{"text":"of","start":7310.79,"end":7310.87},{"text":"the","start":7310.87,"end":7310.99},{"text":"use","start":7310.99,"end":7311.23},{"text":"of","start":7311.23,"end":7311.31},{"text":"force,","start":7311.31,"end":7311.99},{"text":"the","start":7312.55,"end":7312.63},{"text":"peaceful","start":7312.63,"end":7313.19},{"text":"settlement","start":7313.19,"end":7313.99},{"text":"of","start":7313.99,"end":7314.31},{"text":"disputes","start":7314.31,"end":7315.11},{"text":"and","start":7315.51,"end":7315.99},{"text":"the","start":7315.99,"end":7316.27},{"text":"good","start":7316.71,"end":7316.95},{"text":"faith","start":7316.95,"end":7317.35},{"text":"fulfilment","start":7317.35,"end":7318.31},{"text":"of","start":7318.31,"end":7318.55},{"text":"international","start":7318.55,"end":7319.35},{"text":"obligations","start":7319.35,"end":7320.47},{"text":"are","start":7321.11,"end":7321.27},{"text":"not","start":7321.27,"end":7321.59},{"text":"abstract","start":7321.59,"end":7322.15},{"text":"principles,","start":7322.15,"end":7323.03},{"text":"they","start":7323.43,"end":7323.67},{"text":"are","start":7323.75,"end":7323.91},{"text":"concrete","start":7323.91,"end":7324.55},{"text":"guarantees","start":7324.55,"end":7325.43},{"text":"of","start":7325.43,"end":7325.51},{"text":"international","start":7325.51,"end":7326.39},{"text":"peace","start":7326.39,"end":7326.79},{"text":"and","start":7326.79,"end":7326.91},{"text":"security.","start":7326.91,"end":7327.59}]},{"text":"No state may invoke particular interests to depart from the principles of the Charter, nor forget that weakening international law undermines the multilateral order and increases the risk of conflict.","start":7329.67,"end":7346.55,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Columbia","start":7359.07,"end":7359.71},{"text":"likewise","start":7359.71,"end":7360.67},{"text":"believes","start":7361.39,"end":7361.95},{"text":"that","start":7361.95,"end":7362.11},{"text":"any","start":7362.11,"end":7362.35},{"text":"national,","start":7362.35,"end":7363.15},{"text":"regional","start":7363.15,"end":7363.95},{"text":"or","start":7363.95,"end":7364.19},{"text":"global","start":7364.19,"end":7364.83},{"text":"strategy","start":7364.83,"end":7365.55},{"text":"to","start":7366.11,"end":7366.27},{"text":"address","start":7366.27,"end":7366.83},{"text":"new","start":7366.83,"end":7367.15},{"text":"threats","start":7367.15,"end":7367.87},{"text":"to","start":7368.43,"end":7368.67},{"text":"the","start":7368.67,"end":7368.83},{"text":"rule","start":7368.83,"end":7369.07},{"text":"of","start":7369.07,"end":7369.15},{"text":"law","start":7369.15,"end":7369.47},{"text":"must","start":7370.03,"end":7370.59},{"text":"be","start":7370.67,"end":7370.83},{"text":"grounded","start":7370.83,"end":7371.55},{"text":"in","start":7371.71,"end":7371.91},{"text":"what","start":7371.91,"end":7372.11},{"text":"is","start":7372.11,"end":7372.35},{"text":"prescribed","start":7372.35,"end":7372.99},{"text":"in","start":7372.99,"end":7373.11},{"text":"the","start":7373.11,"end":7373.23},{"text":"Charter,","start":7373.23,"end":7373.75},{"text":"a","start":7373.75,"end":7373.79},{"text":"text","start":7374.67,"end":7375.31},{"text":"that","start":7375.31,"end":7375.47},{"text":"provides","start":7375.47,"end":7376.03},{"text":"the","start":7376.03,"end":7376.15},{"text":"necessary","start":7376.15,"end":7376.83},{"text":"tools","start":7376.83,"end":7377.39},{"text":"to","start":7377.39,"end":7377.55},{"text":"respond","start":7377.55,"end":7378.19},{"text":"to","start":7378.19,"end":7378.43},{"text":"the","start":7378.43,"end":7378.51},{"text":"challenges","start":7378.51,"end":7379.23},{"text":"that","start":7379.23,"end":7379.55},{"text":"we","start":7379.79,"end":7380.03},{"text":"face","start":7380.03,"end":7380.43},{"text":"as","start":7380.43,"end":7380.51},{"text":"societies.","start":7380.51,"end":7381.39}]},{"text":"Any collaborative process must adhere to its purposes and principles and must also take into account the differing contributions of countries, given their varying levels of development, to the causes of those challenges, as well as their respective capacities to respond to them.","start":7383.19,"end":7403.67,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Additional","start":7449.31,"end":7449.87},{"text":"instruments","start":7449.87,"end":7450.67},{"text":"available","start":7450.67,"end":7451.07},{"text":"to","start":7451.07,"end":7451.15},{"text":"the","start":7451.15,"end":7451.27},{"text":"Councils,","start":7451.27,"end":7451.95},{"text":"such","start":7451.95,"end":7452.19},{"text":"as","start":7452.19,"end":7452.43},{"text":"the","start":7452.43,"end":7452.59},{"text":"establishment","start":7452.95,"end":7453.87},{"text":"of","start":7453.87,"end":7453.95},{"text":"peacekeeping","start":7453.95,"end":7455.07},{"text":"operations","start":7455.07,"end":7456.03},{"text":"or","start":7456.43,"end":7456.51},{"text":"special","start":7456.91,"end":7457.55},{"text":"political","start":7457.55,"end":7458.11},{"text":"missions,","start":7458.11,"end":7458.83},{"text":"also","start":7460.19,"end":7460.67},{"text":"serve","start":7460.67,"end":7460.99},{"text":"preventive","start":7460.99,"end":7461.55},{"text":"functions.","start":7461.55,"end":7462.51}]},{"text":"by reducing the risk of relapse into conflict and strengthening national capacities.","start":7463.47,"end":7469.03,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"by","start":7463.47,"end":7463.75},{"text":"reducing","start":7463.83,"end":7464.55},{"text":"the","start":7464.55,"end":7464.67},{"text":"risk","start":7464.67,"end":7465.07},{"text":"of","start":7465.07,"end":7465.19},{"text":"relapse","start":7465.19,"end":7465.75},{"text":"into","start":7465.75,"end":7465.99},{"text":"conflict","start":7465.99,"end":7466.71},{"text":"and","start":7466.91,"end":7467.11},{"text":"strengthening","start":7467.11,"end":7467.75},{"text":"national","start":7467.75,"end":7468.23},{"text":"capacities.","start":7468.23,"end":7469.03}]},{"text":"Any response, however, must emanate from the principle of cooperation among States and must consist of collective and coordinated interventions with the Organisation at their centre.","start":7470.23,"end":7484.47,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. 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ongoing commitment to the rule of law is a key part of our national story.","start":7699.95,"end":7704.91,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":7724.31,"end":7724.51},{"text":"embodied","start":7724.51,"end":7724.87},{"text":"in","start":7724.87,"end":7724.95},{"text":"the","start":7724.95,"end":7725.03},{"text":"UN","start":7725.03,"end":7725.27},{"text":"Charter,","start":7725.27,"end":7725.87},{"text":"it","start":7726.55,"end":7726.67},{"text":"is","start":7726.67,"end":7726.79},{"text":"key","start":7726.79,"end":7727.03},{"text":"to","start":7727.03,"end":7727.11},{"text":"the","start":7727.11,"end":7727.23},{"text":"maintenance","start":7727.23,"end":7727.91},{"text":"of","start":7728.11,"end":7728.19},{"text":"international","start":7728.19,"end":7728.71},{"text":"peace","start":7728.71,"end":7728.95},{"text":"and","start":7728.95,"end":7729.07},{"text":"security.","start":7729.07,"end":7729.75}]},{"text":"We must never lose sight of why nations first came together in this forum, and the principles that continue to bind us together.","start":7730.39,"end":7738.31,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7750.79,"end":7751.03},{"text":"of","start":7751.03,"end":7751.11},{"text":"course,","start":7751.11,"end":7751.59},{"text":"in","start":7751.67,"end":7751.83},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":7751.83,"end":7752.47},{"text":"which","start":7753.19,"end":7753.43},{"text":"has","start":7753.43,"end":7753.55},{"text":"been","start":7753.55,"end":7753.75},{"text":"on","start":7753.75,"end":7753.83},{"text":"the","start":7753.83,"end":7753.91},{"text":"receiving","start":7753.91,"end":7754.39},{"text":"end","start":7754.39,"end":7754.71},{"text":"of","start":7755.31,"end":7755.39},{"text":"an","start":7755.39,"end":7755.51},{"text":"egregious","start":7755.51,"end":7755.99},{"text":"breach","start":7755.99,"end":7756.55},{"text":"of","start":7756.83,"end":7756.95},{"text":"the","start":7756.95,"end":7757.07},{"text":"UN","start":7757.07,"end":7757.35},{"text":"charter.","start":7757.35,"end":7757.91}]},{"text":"President, The UK stands firm in our support for the institutions which defend and advance the international rule of law.","start":7759.91,"end":7766.71,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7850.55,"end":7850.79},{"text":"include","start":7850.79,"end":7851.11},{"text":"the","start":7851.11,"end":7851.19},{"text":"UN","start":7851.19,"end":7851.43},{"text":"programme","start":7851.43,"end":7851.83},{"text":"of","start":7851.83,"end":7851.91},{"text":"assistance","start":7851.91,"end":7852.95},{"text":"on","start":7853.19,"end":7853.83},{"text":"international","start":7854.95,"end":7855.71},{"text":"law,","start":7855.71,"end":7855.79},{"text":"the","start":7856.03,"end":7856.11},{"text":"operationalisation","start":7856.11,"end":7857.51},{"text":"of","start":7857.71,"end":7857.79},{"text":"the","start":7857.79,"end":7857.87},{"text":"BBNJ","start":7857.87,"end":7858.51},{"text":"agreement,","start":7858.51,"end":7859.19},{"text":"participation","start":7859.91,"end":7860.59},{"text":"of","start":7860.59,"end":7860.67},{"text":"developing","start":7860.67,"end":7861.11},{"text":"states","start":7861.11,"end":7861.67},{"text":"at","start":7861.67,"end":7861.79},{"text":"the","start":7861.79,"end":7861.87},{"text":"PPED","start":7861.87,"end":7863.19},{"text":"negotiating","start":7863.19,"end":7863.83},{"text":"conference","start":7863.83,"end":7864.47},{"text":"and","start":7864.99,"end":7865.15},{"text":"the","start":7865.15,"end":7865.23},{"text":"ICJ","start":7865.23,"end":7865.99},{"text":"Judicial","start":7866.39,"end":7866.79},{"text":"Fellowship.","start":7866.79,"end":7867.27}]},{"text":"President, the UK's enduring commitment to the rule of law is unwavering, reflecting our firm commitment to peace, international cooperation, accountability, and to the UN Charter.","start":7869.11,"end":7881.83,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":7869.11,"end":7869.59},{"text":"the","start":7870.15,"end":7870.27},{"text":"UK's","start":7870.27,"end":7870.75},{"text":"enduring","start":7870.75,"end":7871.23},{"text":"commitment","start":7871.23,"end":7871.71},{"text":"to","start":7871.71,"end":7871.79},{"text":"the","start":7871.79,"end":7871.87},{"text":"rule","start":7871.87,"end":7872.07},{"text":"of","start":7872.07,"end":7872.15},{"text":"law","start":7872.15,"end":7872.55},{"text":"is","start":7873.03,"end":7873.19},{"text":"unwavering,","start":7873.19,"end":7873.99},{"text":"reflecting","start":7874.47,"end":7874.95},{"text":"our","start":7874.95,"end":7875.07},{"text":"firm","start":7875.07,"end":7875.35},{"text":"commitment","start":7875.35,"end":7875.95},{"text":"to","start":7875.95,"end":7876.03},{"text":"peace,","start":7876.03,"end":7876.55},{"text":"international","start":7877.03,"end":7877.59},{"text":"cooperation,","start":7877.59,"end":7878.47},{"text":"accountability,","start":7878.95,"end":7879.99},{"text":"and","start":7880.71,"end":7880.91},{"text":"to","start":7880.91,"end":7880.99},{"text":"the","start":7880.99,"end":7881.07},{"text":"UN","start":7881.07,"end":7881.27},{"text":"Charter.","start":7881.27,"end":7881.83}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":7882.87,"end":7883.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7882.87,"end":7882.91},{"text":"thank","start":7882.91,"end":7883.11},{"text":"you.","start":7883.11,"end":7883.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GBR","affiliation_full":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":7885.03,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=7886","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of United Kingdom for his statement.","start":7885.03,"end":7889.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7885.03,"end":7885.11},{"text":"thank","start":7885.11,"end":7885.47},{"text":"the","start":7885.51,"end":7885.59},{"text":"representative","start":7885.59,"end":7886.39},{"text":"of","start":7886.39,"end":7886.47},{"text":"United","start":7886.47,"end":7886.83},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7886.83,"end":7887.43},{"text":"for","start":7887.91,"end":7888.15},{"text":"his","start":7888.15,"end":7888.35},{"text":"statement.","start":7888.35,"end":7889.19}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Greece.","start":7889.35,"end":7892.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7889.35,"end":7889.39},{"text":"now","start":7889.39,"end":7889.59},{"text":"give","start":7889.59,"end":7889.75},{"text":"the","start":7889.75,"end":7889.87},{"text":"floor","start":7889.87,"end":7890.27},{"text":"to","start":7890.27,"end":7890.35},{"text":"the","start":7890.63,"end":7890.71},{"text":"representative","start":7890.71,"end":7891.43},{"text":"of","start":7891.43,"end":7891.51},{"text":"Greece.","start":7891.51,"end":7892.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":7893.39,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=7894","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, As we reflect on the 80th anniversary of the UN Charter, this debate offers an opportunity not only to reaffirm principles, but to renew political commitment.","start":7893.39,"end":7907.15,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7893.39,"end":7893.67},{"text":"President,","start":7893.67,"end":7894.35},{"text":"As","start":7895.03,"end":7895.27},{"text":"we","start":7895.27,"end":7895.43},{"text":"reflect","start":7895.43,"end":7896.15},{"text":"on","start":7896.15,"end":7896.23},{"text":"the","start":7896.23,"end":7896.43},{"text":"80th","start":7896.43,"end":7897.03},{"text":"anniversary","start":7897.03,"end":7897.79},{"text":"of","start":7897.79,"end":7897.91},{"text":"the","start":7897.91,"end":7898.07},{"text":"UN","start":7898.07,"end":7898.47},{"text":"Charter,","start":7898.47,"end":7899.19},{"text":"this","start":7899.59,"end":7899.87},{"text":"debate","start":7899.87,"end":7900.31},{"text":"offers","start":7900.31,"end":7900.71},{"text":"an","start":7900.71,"end":7900.87},{"text":"opportunity","start":7900.87,"end":7901.63},{"text":"not","start":7901.63,"end":7901.91},{"text":"only","start":7901.91,"end":7902.23},{"text":"to","start":7902.23,"end":7902.35},{"text":"reaffirm","start":7902.35,"end":7903.19},{"text":"principles,","start":7903.19,"end":7904.07},{"text":"but","start":7904.71,"end":7905.15},{"text":"to","start":7905.15,"end":7905.23},{"text":"renew","start":7905.23,"end":7905.75},{"text":"political","start":7905.75,"end":7906.43},{"text":"commitment.","start":7906.43,"end":7907.15}]},{"text":"Revitalizing multilateralism requires ensuring that international law guides action, rather than follows it.","start":7907.99,"end":7918.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Revitalizing","start":7907.99,"end":7909.11},{"text":"multilateralism","start":7909.11,"end":7910.47},{"text":"requires","start":7910.47,"end":7911.11},{"text":"ensuring","start":7911.11,"end":7911.91},{"text":"that","start":7912.15,"end":7912.39},{"text":"international","start":7912.39,"end":7913.63},{"text":"law","start":7913.63,"end":7913.91},{"text":"guides","start":7914.31,"end":7914.95},{"text":"action,","start":7914.95,"end":7915.67},{"text":"rather","start":7916.23,"end":7916.79},{"text":"than","start":7917.11,"end":7917.35},{"text":"follows","start":7917.35,"end":7918.07},{"text":"it.","start":7918.07,"end":7918.47}]},{"text":"It means ensuring that international law and the UN Charter apply to states in the same way that might does not make right, that solidarity and responsibility towards each other prevail over war, repression, and militarization.","start":7918.79,"end":7938.79,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":7939.51,"end":7940.15},{"text":"Greece","start":7940.75,"end":7941.15},{"text":"attaches","start":7941.15,"end":7941.79},{"text":"great","start":7941.79,"end":7942.11},{"text":"importance","start":7942.11,"end":7942.75},{"text":"to","start":7942.75,"end":7942.91},{"text":"the","start":7942.91,"end":7943.07},{"text":"preeminence","start":7943.07,"end":7944.11},{"text":"of","start":7944.11,"end":7944.27},{"text":"international","start":7944.27,"end":7945.51},{"text":"law,","start":7945.51,"end":7945.59},{"text":"respect","start":7945.95,"end":7946.67},{"text":"for","start":7946.67,"end":7946.83},{"text":"the","start":7946.83,"end":7946.99},{"text":"UN","start":7946.99,"end":7947.39},{"text":"Charter,","start":7947.39,"end":7948.11},{"text":"the","start":7948.35,"end":7948.51},{"text":"resolution","start":7948.51,"end":7949.43},{"text":"of","start":7949.43,"end":7949.55},{"text":"disputes","start":7949.55,"end":7950.27},{"text":"among","start":7950.27,"end":7950.59},{"text":"states","start":7950.59,"end":7951.27},{"text":"through","start":7951.27,"end":7951.47},{"text":"peaceful","start":7951.47,"end":7952.03},{"text":"means,","start":7952.03,"end":7952.67},{"text":"including","start":7952.99,"end":7953.71},{"text":"recourse","start":7953.71,"end":7954.35},{"text":"to","start":7954.35,"end":7954.55},{"text":"judicial","start":7954.59,"end":7955.39},{"text":"proceedings.","start":7955.47,"end":7956.51}]},{"text":"We wish to highlight the following points as regards international rule of law as a pillar of multilateralism and as a means to achieve justice and peace.","start":7957.07,"end":7968.99,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. 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achievements of multilateralism regarding the international rule of law also include conventions such as those on the law of the sea, a major achievement in this respect being the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as regards its universal and unified 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welcome in this regard the recent landmark development with the entry into force of the 17th of January, 2026 of the BBNJ 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agreement implements UNCLOS and sets specific legally binding provisions on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national 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Greece wishes to underscore the impact of the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice on the settlement of disputes and of its advisory opinions on the clarification and consolidation of international law.","start":8067.59,"end":8085.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":8067.59,"end":8068.23},{"text":"Greece","start":8068.79,"end":8069.27},{"text":"wishes","start":8069.43,"end":8069.91},{"text":"to","start":8069.91,"end":8070.07},{"text":"underscore","start":8070.07,"end":8070.79},{"text":"the","start":8070.79,"end":8070.91},{"text":"impact","start":8070.91,"end":8071.51},{"text":"of","start":8071.51,"end":8071.67},{"text":"the","start":8071.67,"end":8071.83},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":8071.83,"end":8073.59},{"text":"of","start":8073.83,"end":8073.99},{"text":"the","start":8073.99,"end":8074.11},{"text":"International","start":8074.11,"end":8075.11},{"text":"Court","start":8075.11,"end":8075.51},{"text":"of","start":8075.51,"end":8075.67},{"text":"Justice","start":8075.67,"end":8076.31},{"text":"on","start":8076.63,"end":8076.71},{"text":"the","start":8076.71,"end":8076.87},{"text":"settlement","start":8076.87,"end":8077.63},{"text":"of","start":8077.63,"end":8077.83},{"text":"disputes","start":8077.83,"end":8078.47},{"text":"and","start":8078.47,"end":8078.79},{"text":"of","start":8079.03,"end":8079.27},{"text":"its","start":8079.27,"end":8079.47},{"text":"advisory","start":8079.47,"end":8080.23},{"text":"opinions","start":8080.23,"end":8080.87},{"text":"on","start":8080.87,"end":8081.03},{"text":"the","start":8081.03,"end":8081.15},{"text":"clarification","start":8081.15,"end":8082.15},{"text":"and","start":8082.15,"end":8082.27},{"text":"consolidation","start":8082.27,"end":8083.27},{"text":"of","start":8083.59,"end":8083.83},{"text":"international","start":8083.83,"end":8085.07},{"text":"law.","start":8085.07,"end":8085.15}]},{"text":"Besides, alongside the ICJ, the jurisprudence and advisory opinions of regional and sectoral courts and tribunals are providing considerable contributions regarding the interpretation and application of international law.","start":8085.55,"end":8104.79,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Besides,","start":8085.55,"end":8086.35},{"text":"alongside","start":8086.67,"end":8087.55},{"text":"the","start":8087.55,"end":8087.67},{"text":"ICJ,","start":8087.67,"end":8088.83},{"text":"the","start":8089.15,"end":8089.35},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":8089.39,"end":8091.15},{"text":"and","start":8091.31,"end":8091.67},{"text":"advisory","start":8091.67,"end":8092.35},{"text":"opinions","start":8092.35,"end":8092.99},{"text":"of","start":8092.99,"end":8093.23},{"text":"regional","start":8093.23,"end":8093.95},{"text":"and","start":8093.95,"end":8094.07},{"text":"sectoral","start":8094.07,"end":8094.75},{"text":"courts","start":8094.75,"end":8095.31},{"text":"and","start":8095.31,"end":8095.79},{"text":"tribunals","start":8095.87,"end":8096.91},{"text":"are","start":8097.23,"end":8097.55},{"text":"providing","start":8097.55,"end":8098.19},{"text":"considerable","start":8098.19,"end":8098.99},{"text":"contributions","start":8098.99,"end":8099.99},{"text":"regarding","start":8100.43,"end":8101.15},{"text":"the","start":8101.15,"end":8101.23},{"text":"interpretation","start":8101.23,"end":8102.35},{"text":"and","start":8102.35,"end":8102.47},{"text":"application","start":8102.47,"end":8103.31},{"text":"of","start":8103.31,"end":8103.47},{"text":"international","start":8103.47,"end":8104.71},{"text":"law.","start":8104.71,"end":8104.79}]},{"text":"Third, serious challenges are, however, present or lying ahead.","start":8105.63,"end":8110.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":8105.63,"end":8105.95},{"text":"serious","start":8106.43,"end":8107.15},{"text":"challenges","start":8107.15,"end":8107.87},{"text":"are,","start":8107.87,"end":8108.03},{"text":"however,","start":8108.03,"end":8108.67},{"text":"present","start":8108.67,"end":8109.27},{"text":"or","start":8109.39,"end":8109.63},{"text":"lying","start":8109.63,"end":8110.03},{"text":"ahead.","start":8110.03,"end":8110.59}]},{"text":"We must absolutely counter the increasing trend around the world of actions which undermine multilateralism, its institutions, and the international rule of law.","start":8111.15,"end":8123.99,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8111.15,"end":8111.39},{"text":"must","start":8111.39,"end":8111.71},{"text":"absolutely","start":8111.71,"end":8112.59},{"text":"counter","start":8112.59,"end":8113.23},{"text":"the","start":8113.23,"end":8113.31},{"text":"increasing","start":8113.31,"end":8114.03},{"text":"trend","start":8114.03,"end":8114.43},{"text":"around","start":8114.43,"end":8114.79},{"text":"the","start":8114.79,"end":8114.91},{"text":"world","start":8114.91,"end":8115.31},{"text":"of","start":8115.35,"end":8115.55},{"text":"actions","start":8115.55,"end":8116.03},{"text":"which","start":8116.03,"end":8116.35},{"text":"undermine","start":8116.35,"end":8117.23},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":8117.47,"end":8119.07},{"text":"its","start":8119.79,"end":8120.27},{"text":"institutions,","start":8120.27,"end":8121.31},{"text":"and","start":8121.31,"end":8121.51},{"text":"the","start":8121.51,"end":8121.59},{"text":"international","start":8121.59,"end":8122.99},{"text":"rule","start":8122.99,"end":8123.39},{"text":"of","start":8123.39,"end":8123.55},{"text":"law.","start":8123.55,"end":8123.99}]},{"text":"A world without the rule of law at its core pillar is a more dangerous, a violent world, a world without peace or justice, particularly for smaller states.","start":8124.67,"end":8137.23,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8137.83,"end":8138.03},{"text":"Security","start":8138.03,"end":8138.55},{"text":"Council","start":8138.55,"end":8139.03},{"text":"bears","start":8139.03,"end":8139.43},{"text":"a","start":8139.43,"end":8139.47},{"text":"particular","start":8139.47,"end":8140.11},{"text":"responsibility","start":8140.11,"end":8141.07},{"text":"in","start":8141.07,"end":8141.19},{"text":"this","start":8141.19,"end":8141.43},{"text":"regard.","start":8141.43,"end":8142.15}]},{"text":"When violations of international law go unaddressed, the credibility of the Council itself is at stake.","start":8142.43,"end":8150.39,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":8142.43,"end":8142.71},{"text":"violations","start":8142.71,"end":8143.67},{"text":"of","start":8143.67,"end":8143.91},{"text":"international","start":8143.91,"end":8145.15},{"text":"law","start":8145.15,"end":8145.27},{"text":"go","start":8145.27,"end":8145.75},{"text":"unaddressed,","start":8145.75,"end":8146.75},{"text":"the","start":8147.03,"end":8147.19},{"text":"credibility","start":8147.19,"end":8148.07},{"text":"of","start":8148.07,"end":8148.15},{"text":"the","start":8148.15,"end":8148.31},{"text":"Council","start":8148.31,"end":8148.79},{"text":"itself","start":8148.79,"end":8149.35},{"text":"is","start":8149.35,"end":8149.59},{"text":"at","start":8149.59,"end":8149.75},{"text":"stake.","start":8149.75,"end":8150.39}]},{"text":"Reaffirming the rule of law must therefore be accompanied by a renewed commitment to restraint, consistency, and support for peaceful settlement and accountability mechanisms.","start":8150.95,"end":8163.43,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Reaffirming","start":8150.95,"end":8151.87},{"text":"the","start":8151.87,"end":8152.07},{"text":"rule","start":8152.07,"end":8152.39},{"text":"of","start":8152.39,"end":8152.55},{"text":"law","start":8152.55,"end":8152.71},{"text":"must","start":8152.71,"end":8153.03},{"text":"therefore","start":8153.03,"end":8153.59},{"text":"be","start":8153.59,"end":8153.83},{"text":"accompanied","start":8153.99,"end":8154.87},{"text":"by","start":8154.87,"end":8155.23},{"text":"a","start":8155.23,"end":8155.27},{"text":"renewed","start":8155.27,"end":8155.83},{"text":"commitment","start":8155.83,"end":8156.59},{"text":"to","start":8156.59,"end":8156.67},{"text":"restraint,","start":8156.67,"end":8157.55},{"text":"consistency,","start":8157.91,"end":8158.95},{"text":"and","start":8159.27,"end":8159.43},{"text":"support","start":8159.43,"end":8159.99},{"text":"for","start":8159.99,"end":8160.15},{"text":"peaceful","start":8160.15,"end":8160.71},{"text":"settlement","start":8160.71,"end":8161.47},{"text":"and","start":8161.47,"end":8161.67},{"text":"accountability","start":8161.67,"end":8162.55},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":8162.55,"end":8163.43}]},{"text":"In this context, threats or use of force against the territorial integrity of states in stark violation of Article 2, paragraph 4 of the Charter continue unrelenting.","start":8163.95,"end":8176.91,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8177.39,"end":8177.71},{"text":"a","start":8177.71,"end":8177.75},{"text":"number","start":8177.75,"end":8178.15},{"text":"of","start":8178.15,"end":8178.27},{"text":"instances,","start":8178.27,"end":8179.07},{"text":"these","start":8179.07,"end":8179.39},{"text":"threats","start":8179.43,"end":8179.79},{"text":"are","start":8179.79,"end":8179.99},{"text":"also","start":8179.99,"end":8180.27},{"text":"directed","start":8180.27,"end":8180.91},{"text":"against","start":8180.91,"end":8181.35},{"text":"states","start":8181.35,"end":8181.91},{"text":"which","start":8182.19,"end":8182.51},{"text":"are","start":8182.51,"end":8182.67},{"text":"invoking","start":8182.67,"end":8183.47},{"text":"a","start":8183.87,"end":8183.91},{"text":"legal","start":8183.91,"end":8184.35},{"text":"right","start":8184.35,"end":8184.75},{"text":"that","start":8184.75,"end":8184.99},{"text":"is","start":8184.99,"end":8185.15},{"text":"well","start":8185.15,"end":8185.39},{"text":"established","start":8185.39,"end":8186.11},{"text":"under","start":8186.27,"end":8186.67},{"text":"international","start":8186.67,"end":8187.91},{"text":"law.","start":8187.91,"end":8187.99}]},{"text":"Furthermore, in a number of cases, states parties to international disputes are taking actions aggravating or endangering the maintenance of international peace and security or impeding the peaceful settlement of disputes.","start":8188.63,"end":8205.35,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8205.67,"end":8205.91},{"text":"equally","start":8205.91,"end":8206.39},{"text":"disregard","start":8206.39,"end":8207.07},{"text":"decisions","start":8207.07,"end":8207.75},{"text":"of","start":8207.75,"end":8207.91},{"text":"the","start":8207.91,"end":8208.03},{"text":"International","start":8208.03,"end":8208.87},{"text":"Court","start":8208.87,"end":8209.19},{"text":"of","start":8209.19,"end":8209.35},{"text":"Justice","start":8209.35,"end":8209.99},{"text":"and","start":8210.23,"end":8210.67},{"text":"other","start":8210.67,"end":8210.87},{"text":"international","start":8210.87,"end":8211.83},{"text":"tribunals.","start":8211.83,"end":8212.79}]},{"text":"Moreover, important legal gaps on criminal accountability still exist.","start":8213.11,"end":8218.55,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":8213.11,"end":8213.91},{"text":"important","start":8214.31,"end":8214.95},{"text":"legal","start":8214.95,"end":8215.43},{"text":"gaps","start":8215.43,"end":8215.83},{"text":"on","start":8215.83,"end":8216.07},{"text":"criminal","start":8216.07,"end":8216.59},{"text":"accountability","start":8216.59,"end":8217.55},{"text":"still","start":8217.55,"end":8217.95},{"text":"exist.","start":8217.95,"end":8218.55}]},{"text":"There is no legal binding international instrument currently in force on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity.","start":8218.95,"end":8227.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":8218.95,"end":8219.11},{"text":"is","start":8219.11,"end":8219.19},{"text":"no","start":8219.19,"end":8219.39},{"text":"legal","start":8219.39,"end":8219.83},{"text":"binding","start":8219.83,"end":8220.31},{"text":"international","start":8220.31,"end":8221.27},{"text":"instrument","start":8221.27,"end":8221.91},{"text":"currently","start":8221.91,"end":8222.43},{"text":"in","start":8222.43,"end":8222.55},{"text":"force","start":8222.55,"end":8223.03},{"text":"on","start":8223.35,"end":8223.47},{"text":"the","start":8223.47,"end":8223.59},{"text":"prevention","start":8223.59,"end":8224.31},{"text":"and","start":8224.31,"end":8224.47},{"text":"punishment","start":8224.47,"end":8225.15},{"text":"of","start":8225.15,"end":8225.27},{"text":"crimes","start":8225.27,"end":8225.75},{"text":"against","start":8225.75,"end":8226.23},{"text":"humanity.","start":8226.23,"end":8227.03}]},{"text":"The process leading to the convening of a UN diplomatic conference to elaborate and conclude a legally binding instrument has just started.","start":8227.51,"end":8236.39,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8227.51,"end":8227.67},{"text":"process","start":8227.67,"end":8228.15},{"text":"leading","start":8228.15,"end":8228.55},{"text":"to","start":8228.55,"end":8228.71},{"text":"the","start":8228.71,"end":8228.87},{"text":"convening","start":8228.87,"end":8229.51},{"text":"of","start":8229.51,"end":8229.67},{"text":"a","start":8229.67,"end":8229.71},{"text":"UN","start":8229.71,"end":8230.23},{"text":"diplomatic","start":8230.31,"end":8231.07},{"text":"conference","start":8231.07,"end":8231.59},{"text":"to","start":8231.59,"end":8231.71},{"text":"elaborate","start":8231.71,"end":8232.43},{"text":"and","start":8232.43,"end":8232.55},{"text":"conclude","start":8232.55,"end":8233.07},{"text":"a","start":8233.07,"end":8233.11},{"text":"legally","start":8233.11,"end":8233.59},{"text":"binding","start":8233.59,"end":8234.15},{"text":"instrument","start":8234.15,"end":8234.79},{"text":"has","start":8235.03,"end":8235.27},{"text":"just","start":8235.27,"end":8235.71},{"text":"started.","start":8235.71,"end":8236.39}]},{"text":"Moreover, the number of states accepting the optional clause of the statute of the International International Court of Justice showed no significant increase in comparative terms for years.","start":8236.71,"end":8248.79,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Lastly,","start":8249.27,"end":8249.91},{"text":"Mr.","start":8249.91,"end":8250.35},{"text":"President,","start":8250.35,"end":8251.03},{"text":"the","start":8251.43,"end":8251.55},{"text":"rule","start":8251.59,"end":8251.99},{"text":"of","start":8251.99,"end":8252.15},{"text":"law","start":8252.15,"end":8252.59},{"text":"at","start":8252.63,"end":8252.87},{"text":"the","start":8252.87,"end":8253.11},{"text":"international","start":8253.19,"end":8254.23},{"text":"level","start":8254.23,"end":8254.71},{"text":"has","start":8254.71,"end":8254.99},{"text":"an","start":8254.99,"end":8255.19},{"text":"obvious","start":8255.43,"end":8255.99},{"text":"impact","start":8255.99,"end":8256.47},{"text":"on","start":8256.47,"end":8256.59},{"text":"the","start":8256.59,"end":8256.71},{"text":"domestic","start":8256.71,"end":8257.35},{"text":"level","start":8257.35,"end":8257.83},{"text":"as","start":8257.83,"end":8258.15},{"text":"regards","start":8258.15,"end":8258.79},{"text":"accountability","start":8258.79,"end":8259.79},{"text":"mechanism,","start":8259.79,"end":8260.63},{"text":"a","start":8261.03,"end":8261.07},{"text":"comprehensive","start":8261.07,"end":8261.91},{"text":"system","start":8261.91,"end":8262.47},{"text":"of","start":8262.47,"end":8262.63},{"text":"judicial","start":8262.63,"end":8263.43},{"text":"remedies,","start":8263.43,"end":8264.07},{"text":"and","start":8264.31,"end":8264.59},{"text":"a","start":8264.59,"end":8264.63},{"text":"range","start":8264.63,"end":8265.11},{"text":"of","start":8265.11,"end":8265.35},{"text":"independent","start":8265.35,"end":8266.03},{"text":"authorities","start":8266.03,"end":8266.75},{"text":"and","start":8266.75,"end":8266.95},{"text":"institutions.","start":8266.95,"end":8267.99}]},{"text":"Transparency, the fight against corruption and organized crime, as well as the respect of international human rights law constitute essential components reflecting developments at the international level.","start":8268.31,"end":8283.79,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."},{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"Transparency,","start":8268.31,"end":8269.43},{"text":"the","start":8269.51,"end":8269.71},{"text":"fight","start":8269.71,"end":8270.11},{"text":"against","start":8270.11,"end":8270.55},{"text":"corruption","start":8270.55,"end":8271.19},{"text":"and","start":8271.19,"end":8271.35},{"text":"organized","start":8271.35,"end":8271.99},{"text":"crime,","start":8271.99,"end":8272.55},{"text":"as","start":8273.19,"end":8273.31},{"text":"well","start":8273.31,"end":8273.63},{"text":"as","start":8273.63,"end":8273.79},{"text":"the","start":8273.79,"end":8273.91},{"text":"respect","start":8273.91,"end":8274.47},{"text":"of","start":8274.55,"end":8274.67},{"text":"international","start":8274.67,"end":8275.71},{"text":"human","start":8275.71,"end":8276.19},{"text":"rights","start":8276.19,"end":8276.59},{"text":"law","start":8276.59,"end":8276.95},{"text":"constitute","start":8277.23,"end":8278.03},{"text":"essential","start":8278.35,"end":8279.07},{"text":"components","start":8279.07,"end":8279.79},{"text":"reflecting","start":8279.79,"end":8280.59},{"text":"developments","start":8280.59,"end":8281.91},{"text":"at","start":8281.91,"end":8282.11},{"text":"the","start":8282.11,"end":8282.23},{"text":"international","start":8282.23,"end":8283.27},{"text":"level.","start":8283.27,"end":8283.79}]},{"text":"In concluding, the rule of law at the international level, multilateralism, and the peaceful settlement of disputes are closely intertwined.","start":8284.27,"end":8293.99,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8284.27,"end":8284.35},{"text":"concluding,","start":8284.35,"end":8285.15},{"text":"the","start":8285.55,"end":8285.79},{"text":"rule","start":8285.79,"end":8286.15},{"text":"of","start":8286.15,"end":8286.27},{"text":"law","start":8286.27,"end":8286.59},{"text":"at","start":8286.59,"end":8286.71},{"text":"the","start":8286.71,"end":8286.79},{"text":"international","start":8286.79,"end":8287.75},{"text":"level,","start":8287.75,"end":8288.19},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":8288.19,"end":8289.75},{"text":"and","start":8289.75,"end":8289.87},{"text":"the","start":8289.87,"end":8289.95},{"text":"peaceful","start":8289.95,"end":8290.51},{"text":"settlement","start":8290.51,"end":8291.19},{"text":"of","start":8291.19,"end":8291.35},{"text":"disputes","start":8291.35,"end":8291.95},{"text":"are","start":8292.27,"end":8292.43},{"text":"closely","start":8292.43,"end":8293.15},{"text":"intertwined.","start":8293.15,"end":8293.99}]},{"text":"Their enhancement leads to justice among nations and to the maintenance of peace and security internationally with tangible effects also on the rule of law at the domestic level.","start":8294.35,"end":8306.75,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":8294.35,"end":8294.59},{"text":"enhancement","start":8294.59,"end":8295.35},{"text":"leads","start":8295.35,"end":8295.63},{"text":"to","start":8295.63,"end":8295.91},{"text":"justice","start":8295.95,"end":8296.51},{"text":"among","start":8296.51,"end":8296.83},{"text":"nations","start":8296.83,"end":8297.47},{"text":"and","start":8297.71,"end":8297.95},{"text":"to","start":8297.95,"end":8298.03},{"text":"the","start":8298.03,"end":8298.19},{"text":"maintenance","start":8298.19,"end":8299.23},{"text":"of","start":8299.23,"end":8299.39},{"text":"peace","start":8299.39,"end":8299.83},{"text":"and","start":8299.83,"end":8299.95},{"text":"security","start":8299.95,"end":8300.75},{"text":"internationally","start":8300.75,"end":8302.03},{"text":"with","start":8302.27,"end":8302.55},{"text":"tangible","start":8302.59,"end":8303.11},{"text":"effects","start":8303.23,"end":8303.79},{"text":"also","start":8303.79,"end":8304.15},{"text":"on","start":8304.15,"end":8304.27},{"text":"the","start":8304.27,"end":8304.43},{"text":"rule","start":8304.43,"end":8304.67},{"text":"of","start":8304.67,"end":8304.83},{"text":"law","start":8304.83,"end":8305.07},{"text":"at","start":8305.23,"end":8305.39},{"text":"the","start":8305.39,"end":8305.55},{"text":"domestic","start":8305.55,"end":8306.19},{"text":"level.","start":8306.19,"end":8306.75}]},{"text":"Greece will always stand on the side of the international rule of law and all efforts to enhance peace, justice, and multilateralism.","start":8307.19,"end":8316.71,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. 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also like to take this opportunity to thank the Secretary General of the United Nations, Mr. Antonio 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African Union Commission, Mr. Ali Yusuf, and finally Judge Abdul Kaoui Yusuf, founding president of the African Institute of International Law.","start":8350.99,"end":8362.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"as","start":8350.99,"end":8351.23},{"text":"well","start":8351.23,"end":8351.43},{"text":"as","start":8351.43,"end":8351.55},{"text":"the","start":8351.55,"end":8351.71},{"text":"Chairperson","start":8351.71,"end":8352.27},{"text":"of","start":8352.27,"end":8352.35},{"text":"the","start":8352.35,"end":8352.47},{"text":"African","start":8352.47,"end":8352.79},{"text":"Union","start":8352.79,"end":8353.07},{"text":"Commission,","start":8353.07,"end":8353.55},{"text":"Mr.","start":8353.55,"end":8353.95},{"text":"Ali","start":8354.87,"end":8355.07},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":8355.07,"end":8355.63},{"text":"and","start":8355.87,"end":8355.99},{"text":"finally","start":8355.99,"end":8356.43},{"text":"Judge","start":8356.43,"end":8356.75},{"text":"Abdul","start":8356.91,"end":8357.31},{"text":"Kaoui","start":8357.31,"end":8357.79},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":8357.79,"end":8358.35},{"text":"founding","start":8358.67,"end":8359.07},{"text":"president","start":8359.07,"end":8359.59},{"text":"of","start":8359.59,"end":8359.71},{"text":"the","start":8359.71,"end":8359.83},{"text":"African","start":8359.95,"end":8360.43},{"text":"Institute","start":8360.43,"end":8361.03},{"text":"of","start":8361.03,"end":8361.11},{"text":"International","start":8361.11,"end":8362.23},{"text":"Law.","start":8362.23,"end":8362.31}]},{"text":"This debate is being organized at a pivotal time as we celebrate the 80th anniversary of the Charter of the United Nations.","start":8364.51,"end":8374.35,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8364.51,"end":8364.91},{"text":"debate","start":8365.15,"end":8365.71},{"text":"is","start":8365.71,"end":8365.91},{"text":"being","start":8365.91,"end":8366.27},{"text":"organized","start":8366.27,"end":8366.83},{"text":"at","start":8366.83,"end":8367.11},{"text":"a","start":8367.11,"end":8367.15},{"text":"pivotal","start":8368.03,"end":8368.75},{"text":"time","start":8368.83,"end":8369.31},{"text":"as","start":8369.31,"end":8369.47},{"text":"we","start":8369.47,"end":8369.79},{"text":"celebrate","start":8369.95,"end":8370.55},{"text":"the","start":8370.55,"end":8370.63},{"text":"80th","start":8370.63,"end":8371.23},{"text":"anniversary","start":8371.39,"end":8372.07},{"text":"of","start":8372.07,"end":8372.19},{"text":"the","start":8372.19,"end":8372.35},{"text":"Charter","start":8372.35,"end":8372.95},{"text":"of","start":8372.95,"end":8373.07},{"text":"the","start":8373.07,"end":8373.15},{"text":"United","start":8373.15,"end":8373.59},{"text":"Nations.","start":8373.59,"end":8374.35}]},{"text":"As a country affected by armed conflicts, the Democratic Republic of the Congo remains deeply committed to the promotion of international peace and security founded on respect for the rule of international law.","start":8375.11,"end":8388.87,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8438.83,"end":8439.11},{"text":"President,","start":8439.11,"end":8439.63},{"text":"The","start":8440.11,"end":8440.15},{"text":"principles","start":8440.15,"end":8440.83},{"text":"enshrined","start":8440.83,"end":8441.51},{"text":"in","start":8441.51,"end":8441.75},{"text":"the","start":8441.75,"end":8441.91},{"text":"Charter,","start":8441.91,"end":8442.55},{"text":"particularly","start":8442.55,"end":8443.19},{"text":"respect","start":8443.19,"end":8443.67},{"text":"for","start":8443.67,"end":8443.99},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":8444.23,"end":8445.03},{"text":"territorial","start":8445.43,"end":8447.23},{"text":"integrity","start":8447.23,"end":8447.79},{"text":"and","start":8447.79,"end":8447.91},{"text":"the","start":8447.91,"end":8447.99},{"text":"prohibition","start":8447.99,"end":8448.67},{"text":"of","start":8448.67,"end":8448.79},{"text":"the","start":8448.79,"end":8448.87},{"text":"use","start":8448.87,"end":8449.15},{"text":"of","start":8449.15,"end":8449.23},{"text":"force,","start":8449.23,"end":8449.75},{"text":"continue","start":8450.15,"end":8450.71},{"text":"to","start":8450.71,"end":8450.83},{"text":"be","start":8450.83,"end":8451.11},{"text":"severely","start":8451.11,"end":8451.67},{"text":"tested","start":8451.67,"end":8452.15},{"text":"in","start":8452.15,"end":8452.31},{"text":"several","start":8452.31,"end":8452.71},{"text":"regions","start":8452.71,"end":8453.23},{"text":"of","start":8453.23,"end":8453.31},{"text":"the","start":8453.31,"end":8453.43},{"text":"world.","start":8453.43,"end":8453.83}]},{"text":"These recurring violations undermine the credibility of the international legal order and weaken trust among States.","start":8454.55,"end":8462.15,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8454.55,"end":8454.87},{"text":"recurring","start":8454.87,"end":8455.43},{"text":"violations","start":8455.43,"end":8456.39},{"text":"undermine","start":8456.39,"end":8456.87},{"text":"the","start":8456.87,"end":8456.99},{"text":"credibility","start":8456.99,"end":8457.91},{"text":"of","start":8457.91,"end":8457.99},{"text":"the","start":8457.99,"end":8458.11},{"text":"international","start":8458.11,"end":8458.75},{"text":"legal","start":8458.75,"end":8459.03},{"text":"order","start":8459.03,"end":8459.51},{"text":"and","start":8459.91,"end":8460.23},{"text":"weaken","start":8460.23,"end":8460.71},{"text":"trust","start":8460.71,"end":8461.11},{"text":"among","start":8461.11,"end":8461.43},{"text":"States.","start":8461.43,"end":8462.15}]},{"text":"In this regard, The persistent security situation in the eastern part of the DRC illustrates the challenges facing the multilateral system when the fundamental principles of the Charter are not fully respected.","start":8463.75,"end":8479.07,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8463.75,"end":8463.95},{"text":"this","start":8463.95,"end":8464.15},{"text":"regard,","start":8464.15,"end":8464.63},{"text":"The","start":8466.63,"end":8466.67},{"text":"persistent","start":8466.83,"end":8467.71},{"text":"security","start":8467.71,"end":8468.75},{"text":"situation","start":8468.75,"end":8469.39},{"text":"in","start":8469.39,"end":8469.47},{"text":"the","start":8469.47,"end":8469.59},{"text":"eastern","start":8469.59,"end":8469.87},{"text":"part","start":8469.87,"end":8470.27},{"text":"of","start":8470.27,"end":8470.43},{"text":"the","start":8470.43,"end":8470.51},{"text":"DRC","start":8470.51,"end":8471.39},{"text":"illustrates","start":8471.87,"end":8472.51},{"text":"the","start":8472.51,"end":8472.67},{"text":"challenges","start":8472.75,"end":8473.55},{"text":"facing","start":8473.71,"end":8474.23},{"text":"the","start":8474.23,"end":8474.35},{"text":"multilateral","start":8474.35,"end":8474.99},{"text":"system","start":8474.99,"end":8475.47},{"text":"when","start":8475.47,"end":8475.63},{"text":"the","start":8475.63,"end":8475.75},{"text":"fundamental","start":8475.75,"end":8476.35},{"text":"principles","start":8476.35,"end":8476.95},{"text":"of","start":8476.95,"end":8477.03},{"text":"the","start":8477.03,"end":8477.15},{"text":"Charter","start":8477.15,"end":8477.71},{"text":"are","start":8477.71,"end":8477.79},{"text":"not","start":8477.79,"end":8478.03},{"text":"fully","start":8478.03,"end":8478.35},{"text":"respected.","start":8478.35,"end":8479.07}]},{"text":"Despite my country's engagement in regional mechanisms for the peaceful settlement of disputes under the auspices of the African Union and in accordance with Chapter 8 of the Charter, results on the ground remain below expectations.","start":8480.35,"end":8495.87,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":8480.35,"end":8480.83},{"text":"my","start":8480.83,"end":8481.07},{"text":"country's","start":8481.07,"end":8481.87},{"text":"engagement","start":8483.03,"end":8483.79},{"text":"in","start":8483.79,"end":8483.95},{"text":"regional","start":8483.95,"end":8484.35},{"text":"mechanisms","start":8484.35,"end":8485.11},{"text":"for","start":8485.11,"end":8485.31},{"text":"the","start":8485.31,"end":8485.43},{"text":"peaceful","start":8485.43,"end":8486.03},{"text":"settlement","start":8486.03,"end":8486.55},{"text":"of","start":8486.55,"end":8486.67},{"text":"disputes","start":8486.67,"end":8487.23},{"text":"under","start":8487.23,"end":8487.47},{"text":"the","start":8487.47,"end":8487.55},{"text":"auspices","start":8487.55,"end":8488.15},{"text":"of","start":8488.15,"end":8488.23},{"text":"the","start":8488.23,"end":8488.31},{"text":"African","start":8488.31,"end":8488.75},{"text":"Union","start":8488.75,"end":8489.31},{"text":"and","start":8489.71,"end":8489.83},{"text":"in","start":8489.83,"end":8489.95},{"text":"accordance","start":8489.95,"end":8490.47},{"text":"with","start":8490.47,"end":8490.63},{"text":"Chapter","start":8490.63,"end":8491.07},{"text":"8","start":8491.07,"end":8491.23},{"text":"of","start":8491.23,"end":8491.31},{"text":"the","start":8491.31,"end":8491.43},{"text":"Charter,","start":8491.43,"end":8491.99},{"text":"results","start":8492.27,"end":8492.91},{"text":"on","start":8492.91,"end":8493.07},{"text":"the","start":8493.07,"end":8493.15},{"text":"ground","start":8493.15,"end":8493.63},{"text":"remain","start":8493.63,"end":8494.27},{"text":"below","start":8494.27,"end":8494.67},{"text":"expectations.","start":8494.67,"end":8495.87}]},{"text":"This reality recalls the importance of the effective implementation of Security Council decisions, particularly those calling for strict respect for territorial integrity and the cessation of any unauthorised foreign military presence.","start":8496.59,"end":8512.75,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8496.59,"end":8496.83},{"text":"reality","start":8496.83,"end":8497.31},{"text":"recalls","start":8497.31,"end":8497.79},{"text":"the","start":8497.79,"end":8497.91},{"text":"importance","start":8497.91,"end":8498.59},{"text":"of","start":8498.59,"end":8498.75},{"text":"the","start":8498.75,"end":8498.87},{"text":"effective","start":8499.07,"end":8499.51},{"text":"implementation","start":8499.51,"end":8500.43},{"text":"of","start":8500.83,"end":8501.07},{"text":"Security","start":8501.07,"end":8501.63},{"text":"Council","start":8501.63,"end":8502.07},{"text":"decisions,","start":8502.07,"end":8502.91},{"text":"particularly","start":8503.15,"end":8503.87},{"text":"those","start":8504.11,"end":8504.43},{"text":"calling","start":8504.43,"end":8504.83},{"text":"for","start":8504.83,"end":8505.11},{"text":"strict","start":8505.11,"end":8505.55},{"text":"respect","start":8505.55,"end":8506.03},{"text":"for","start":8506.03,"end":8506.19},{"text":"territorial","start":8506.19,"end":8506.83},{"text":"integrity","start":8506.83,"end":8507.55},{"text":"and","start":8507.79,"end":8508.03},{"text":"the","start":8508.03,"end":8508.15},{"text":"cessation","start":8508.15,"end":8508.79},{"text":"of","start":8508.79,"end":8508.91},{"text":"any","start":8508.91,"end":8509.23},{"text":"unauthorised","start":8509.87,"end":8510.83},{"text":"foreign","start":8511.15,"end":8511.55},{"text":"military","start":8511.55,"end":8512.03},{"text":"presence.","start":8512.03,"end":8512.75}]},{"text":"Multilateralism is currently going through a phase of weakening marked by the resurgence of armed conflicts, the rise of unilateralism and the effects of global crises.","start":8515.19,"end":8527.11,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Multilateralism","start":8515.19,"end":8516.15},{"text":"is","start":8516.23,"end":8516.63},{"text":"currently","start":8516.63,"end":8517.19},{"text":"going","start":8517.19,"end":8517.59},{"text":"through","start":8517.59,"end":8517.99},{"text":"a","start":8518.59,"end":8518.63},{"text":"phase","start":8518.63,"end":8519.07},{"text":"of","start":8519.07,"end":8519.19},{"text":"weakening","start":8519.19,"end":8519.91},{"text":"marked","start":8520.15,"end":8520.59},{"text":"by","start":8520.59,"end":8520.79},{"text":"the","start":8520.79,"end":8520.95},{"text":"resurgence","start":8520.95,"end":8521.67},{"text":"of","start":8521.67,"end":8521.83},{"text":"armed","start":8521.83,"end":8522.07},{"text":"conflicts,","start":8522.07,"end":8522.87},{"text":"the","start":8523.11,"end":8523.23},{"text":"rise","start":8523.23,"end":8523.59},{"text":"of","start":8523.59,"end":8523.75},{"text":"unilateralism","start":8523.75,"end":8524.79},{"text":"and","start":8525.03,"end":8525.35},{"text":"the","start":8525.35,"end":8525.43},{"text":"effects","start":8525.43,"end":8525.87},{"text":"of","start":8525.87,"end":8525.95},{"text":"global","start":8525.95,"end":8526.31},{"text":"crises.","start":8526.31,"end":8527.11}]},{"text":"In this context, it is imperative to reaffirm that the international rule of law remains the preferred path for preventing conflicts, promoting justice and ensuring lasting peace.","start":8527.83,"end":8540.55,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8527.83,"end":8528.03},{"text":"this","start":8528.03,"end":8528.23},{"text":"context,","start":8528.23,"end":8528.95},{"text":"it","start":8529.03,"end":8529.23},{"text":"is","start":8529.23,"end":8529.43},{"text":"imperative","start":8529.43,"end":8530.15},{"text":"to","start":8530.15,"end":8530.27},{"text":"reaffirm","start":8530.27,"end":8530.87},{"text":"that","start":8530.87,"end":8531.11},{"text":"the","start":8531.11,"end":8531.23},{"text":"international","start":8531.67,"end":8532.47},{"text":"rule","start":8532.47,"end":8532.79},{"text":"of","start":8532.79,"end":8532.95},{"text":"law","start":8532.95,"end":8533.35},{"text":"remains","start":8533.59,"end":8534.23},{"text":"the","start":8534.23,"end":8534.39},{"text":"preferred","start":8534.55,"end":8535.27},{"text":"path","start":8535.27,"end":8535.75},{"text":"for","start":8535.75,"end":8536.07},{"text":"preventing","start":8536.07,"end":8536.63},{"text":"conflicts,","start":8536.63,"end":8537.35},{"text":"promoting","start":8537.59,"end":8538.15},{"text":"justice","start":8538.15,"end":8538.79},{"text":"and","start":8538.95,"end":8539.11},{"text":"ensuring","start":8539.11,"end":8539.59},{"text":"lasting","start":8539.59,"end":8539.99},{"text":"peace.","start":8539.99,"end":8540.55}]},{"text":"Chapter six of the Charter of the United Nations relating to the peaceful settlement of disputes remains an essential and sometimes underutilized tool.","start":8541.31,"end":8550.51,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Chapter","start":8541.31,"end":8541.63},{"text":"six","start":8541.63,"end":8542.03},{"text":"of","start":8542.03,"end":8542.27},{"text":"the","start":8542.27,"end":8542.47},{"text":"Charter","start":8542.47,"end":8542.95},{"text":"of","start":8542.95,"end":8543.07},{"text":"the","start":8543.07,"end":8543.15},{"text":"United","start":8543.15,"end":8543.55},{"text":"Nations","start":8543.55,"end":8544.03},{"text":"relating","start":8544.03,"end":8544.51},{"text":"to","start":8544.51,"end":8544.67},{"text":"the","start":8544.67,"end":8544.91},{"text":"peaceful","start":8544.91,"end":8545.39},{"text":"settlement","start":8545.39,"end":8545.95},{"text":"of","start":8545.95,"end":8546.11},{"text":"disputes","start":8546.11,"end":8546.83},{"text":"remains","start":8547.39,"end":8547.83},{"text":"an","start":8547.83,"end":8547.95},{"text":"essential","start":8547.95,"end":8548.51},{"text":"and","start":8548.51,"end":8548.63},{"text":"sometimes","start":8548.63,"end":8549.07},{"text":"underutilized","start":8549.07,"end":8550.03},{"text":"tool.","start":8550.03,"end":8550.51}]},{"text":"Its more systematic activation combined with increased recourse to mediation, preventive diplomacy and international judicial mechanisms would help substitute law for force in the conduct of international relations.","start":8551.39,"end":8566.99,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":8551.39,"end":8551.63},{"text":"more","start":8551.63,"end":8551.95},{"text":"systematic","start":8552.19,"end":8552.99},{"text":"activation","start":8552.99,"end":8553.87},{"text":"combined","start":8553.87,"end":8554.47},{"text":"with","start":8554.47,"end":8554.75},{"text":"increased","start":8554.91,"end":8555.63},{"text":"recourse","start":8555.63,"end":8556.35},{"text":"to","start":8556.35,"end":8556.59},{"text":"mediation,","start":8557.07,"end":8557.87},{"text":"preventive","start":8558.03,"end":8558.67},{"text":"diplomacy","start":8558.67,"end":8559.47},{"text":"and","start":8559.63,"end":8559.87},{"text":"international","start":8559.87,"end":8560.51},{"text":"judicial","start":8560.51,"end":8560.99},{"text":"mechanisms","start":8560.99,"end":8561.87},{"text":"would","start":8562.19,"end":8562.35},{"text":"help","start":8562.35,"end":8562.59},{"text":"substitute","start":8562.67,"end":8563.39},{"text":"law","start":8563.39,"end":8563.79},{"text":"for","start":8563.79,"end":8564.03},{"text":"force","start":8564.03,"end":8564.75},{"text":"in","start":8564.91,"end":8565.11},{"text":"the","start":8565.11,"end":8565.19},{"text":"conduct","start":8565.19,"end":8565.63},{"text":"of","start":8565.63,"end":8565.71},{"text":"international","start":8565.71,"end":8566.27},{"text":"relations.","start":8566.27,"end":8566.99}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Strengthening the international rule of law also requires better coordination among the various organs of the United Nations, in full respect of their respective mandates.","start":8568.39,"end":8583.27,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8568.39,"end":8568.63},{"text":"President,","start":8568.63,"end":8569.11},{"text":"Strengthening","start":8570.71,"end":8571.35},{"text":"the","start":8571.35,"end":8571.47},{"text":"international","start":8571.59,"end":8572.47},{"text":"rule","start":8572.47,"end":8572.95},{"text":"of","start":8572.95,"end":8573.11},{"text":"law","start":8573.11,"end":8573.43},{"text":"also","start":8574.07,"end":8574.47},{"text":"requires","start":8574.47,"end":8575.11},{"text":"better","start":8575.11,"end":8575.51},{"text":"coordination","start":8575.51,"end":8576.47},{"text":"among","start":8576.71,"end":8577.11},{"text":"the","start":8577.11,"end":8577.23},{"text":"various","start":8577.23,"end":8577.75},{"text":"organs","start":8577.75,"end":8578.31},{"text":"of","start":8578.31,"end":8578.39},{"text":"the","start":8578.39,"end":8578.51},{"text":"United","start":8578.51,"end":8579.03},{"text":"Nations,","start":8579.03,"end":8579.75},{"text":"in","start":8580.07,"end":8580.23},{"text":"full","start":8580.23,"end":8580.47},{"text":"respect","start":8580.47,"end":8581.03},{"text":"of","start":8581.03,"end":8581.19},{"text":"their","start":8581.19,"end":8581.39},{"text":"respective","start":8582.07,"end":8582.55},{"text":"mandates.","start":8582.55,"end":8583.27}]},{"text":"Coherent action by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the International Court of Justice and regional organisations would enhance the legitimacy and impact of collective efforts in favour of peace.","start":8583.59,"end":8596.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":8699.79,"end":8700.11},{"text":"firmly","start":8700.11,"end":8700.59},{"text":"rejects","start":8700.59,"end":8701.23},{"text":"U.S.","start":8701.47,"end":8701.87},{"text":"representative's","start":8701.87,"end":8702.91},{"text":"erroneous","start":8703.23,"end":8703.71},{"text":"remarks","start":8703.71,"end":8704.11},{"text":"on","start":8704.11,"end":8704.23},{"text":"the","start":8704.23,"end":8704.31},{"text":"issue","start":8704.31,"end":8704.59},{"text":"of","start":8704.59,"end":8704.75},{"text":"the","start":8704.75,"end":8704.87},{"text":"South","start":8704.87,"end":8705.15},{"text":"China","start":8705.15,"end":8705.43},{"text":"Sea","start":8705.43,"end":8705.83},{"text":"and","start":8706.11,"end":8706.31},{"text":"is","start":8706.31,"end":8706.51},{"text":"compelled","start":8706.59,"end":8707.15},{"text":"to","start":8707.15,"end":8707.31},{"text":"make","start":8707.31,"end":8707.55},{"text":"a","start":8707.55,"end":8707.63},{"text":"stern","start":8707.63,"end":8707.87},{"text":"response.","start":8707.87,"end":8708.51}]},{"text":"I wish to emphasize that China has indisputable sovereignty over Nansha Zudao and the adjacent waters and sovereign rights and jurisdiction over relevant waters.","start":8709.07,"end":8721.07,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8709.07,"end":8709.15},{"text":"wish","start":8709.15,"end":8709.47},{"text":"to","start":8709.47,"end":8709.71},{"text":"emphasize","start":8709.71,"end":8710.35},{"text":"that","start":8710.35,"end":8710.75},{"text":"China","start":8711.63,"end":8712.11},{"text":"has","start":8713.07,"end":8713.47},{"text":"indisputable","start":8713.47,"end":8714.27},{"text":"sovereignty","start":8714.27,"end":8714.91},{"text":"over","start":8714.91,"end":8715.15},{"text":"Nansha","start":8715.15,"end":8715.59},{"text":"Zudao","start":8715.59,"end":8715.95},{"text":"and","start":8715.95,"end":8716.19},{"text":"the","start":8716.19,"end":8716.31},{"text":"adjacent","start":8716.31,"end":8716.75},{"text":"waters","start":8716.75,"end":8717.39},{"text":"and","start":8717.71,"end":8718.03},{"text":"sovereign","start":8718.03,"end":8718.43},{"text":"rights","start":8718.43,"end":8718.91},{"text":"and","start":8718.91,"end":8719.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8719.11,"end":8719.79},{"text":"over","start":8719.79,"end":8720.07},{"text":"relevant","start":8720.07,"end":8720.43},{"text":"waters.","start":8720.43,"end":8721.07}]},{"text":"China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea are grounded on solid historical and legal basis.","start":8722.67,"end":8730.43,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"China's","start":8722.67,"end":8723.15},{"text":"territorial","start":8723.15,"end":8723.87},{"text":"sovereignty","start":8723.87,"end":8724.59},{"text":"and","start":8724.59,"end":8724.91},{"text":"maritime","start":8724.91,"end":8725.39},{"text":"rights","start":8725.39,"end":8725.71},{"text":"and","start":8725.71,"end":8725.87},{"text":"interests","start":8725.87,"end":8726.43},{"text":"in","start":8726.43,"end":8726.59},{"text":"the","start":8726.59,"end":8726.67},{"text":"South","start":8726.67,"end":8726.95},{"text":"China","start":8726.95,"end":8727.19},{"text":"Sea","start":8727.19,"end":8727.47},{"text":"are","start":8727.47,"end":8727.59},{"text":"grounded","start":8727.59,"end":8728.11},{"text":"on","start":8728.11,"end":8728.27},{"text":"solid","start":8728.27,"end":8728.75},{"text":"historical","start":8728.75,"end":8729.39},{"text":"and","start":8729.39,"end":8729.59},{"text":"legal","start":8729.59,"end":8729.83},{"text":"basis.","start":8729.83,"end":8730.43}]},{"text":"I also wish to remind the U.S. representative that the United States is not a party to UNCLOS, and it has no right to presume itself as a judge of UNCLOS and point fingers at other countries.","start":8731.31,"end":8745.95,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8758.03,"end":8758.15},{"text":"has","start":8758.15,"end":8758.31},{"text":"even","start":8758.31,"end":8758.59},{"text":"deployed","start":8758.59,"end":8759.19},{"text":"offensive","start":8759.47,"end":8759.91},{"text":"weapons,","start":8759.91,"end":8760.39},{"text":"including","start":8760.39,"end":8760.95},{"text":"land-based","start":8760.95,"end":8761.51},{"text":"intermediate-range","start":8761.51,"end":8762.47},{"text":"missiles","start":8762.47,"end":8762.95},{"text":"in","start":8762.95,"end":8763.15},{"text":"the","start":8763.15,"end":8763.23},{"text":"South","start":8763.23,"end":8763.47},{"text":"China","start":8763.47,"end":8763.71},{"text":"Sea.","start":8763.71,"end":8764.11}]},{"text":"and under the pretext of freedom of navigation, has frequently dispatched advanced ships and aircraft for military reconnaissance and drills in the South China Sea and intruded into China's territorial waters and space, as well as waters and airspaces surrounding China's islands and reefs.","start":8764.83,"end":8780.99,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":8764.83,"end":8764.99},{"text":"under","start":8764.99,"end":8765.31},{"text":"the","start":8765.31,"end":8765.39},{"text":"pretext","start":8765.39,"end":8765.95},{"text":"of","start":8765.95,"end":8766.07},{"text":"freedom","start":8766.07,"end":8766.51},{"text":"of","start":8766.51,"end":8766.67},{"text":"navigation,","start":8766.67,"end":8767.47},{"text":"has","start":8767.63,"end":8767.87},{"text":"frequently","start":8767.87,"end":8768.51},{"text":"dispatched","start":8768.51,"end":8769.27},{"text":"advanced","start":8769.27,"end":8769.71},{"text":"ships","start":8769.71,"end":8770.07},{"text":"and","start":8770.07,"end":8770.23},{"text":"aircraft","start":8770.23,"end":8770.83},{"text":"for","start":8770.83,"end":8770.99},{"text":"military","start":8770.99,"end":8771.43},{"text":"reconnaissance","start":8771.43,"end":8772.19},{"text":"and","start":8772.19,"end":8772.31},{"text":"drills","start":8772.31,"end":8772.75},{"text":"in","start":8772.75,"end":8772.91},{"text":"the","start":8772.91,"end":8772.99},{"text":"South","start":8772.99,"end":8773.19},{"text":"China","start":8773.23,"end":8773.51},{"text":"Sea","start":8773.51,"end":8773.87},{"text":"and","start":8774.11,"end":8774.35},{"text":"intruded","start":8774.35,"end":8774.91},{"text":"into","start":8774.91,"end":8775.15},{"text":"China's","start":8775.15,"end":8775.63},{"text":"territorial","start":8775.63,"end":8776.27},{"text":"waters","start":8776.27,"end":8776.79},{"text":"and","start":8776.79,"end":8776.95},{"text":"space,","start":8776.95,"end":8777.39},{"text":"as","start":8777.39,"end":8777.63},{"text":"well","start":8777.63,"end":8777.79},{"text":"as","start":8777.79,"end":8777.95},{"text":"waters","start":8777.95,"end":8778.35},{"text":"and","start":8778.35,"end":8778.51},{"text":"airspaces","start":8778.51,"end":8779.03},{"text":"surrounding","start":8779.03,"end":8779.47},{"text":"China's","start":8779.47,"end":8779.91},{"text":"islands","start":8779.95,"end":8780.35},{"text":"and","start":8780.35,"end":8780.51},{"text":"reefs.","start":8780.51,"end":8780.99}]},{"text":"Who is engaging in coercive and bullying practices in the South China Sea?","start":8781.39,"end":8785.95,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Who","start":8781.39,"end":8781.55},{"text":"is","start":8781.55,"end":8781.75},{"text":"engaging","start":8781.75,"end":8782.27},{"text":"in","start":8782.27,"end":8782.43},{"text":"coercive","start":8782.43,"end":8783.23},{"text":"and","start":8783.63,"end":8783.87},{"text":"bullying","start":8783.87,"end":8784.27},{"text":"practices","start":8784.27,"end":8784.83},{"text":"in","start":8784.83,"end":8784.95},{"text":"the","start":8784.95,"end":8785.07},{"text":"South","start":8785.07,"end":8785.27},{"text":"China","start":8785.31,"end":8785.51},{"text":"Sea?","start":8785.51,"end":8785.95}]},{"text":"Who is disrupting regional stability and threatening navigational freedom and security?","start":8786.19,"end":8791.71,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Who","start":8786.19,"end":8786.43},{"text":"is","start":8786.43,"end":8786.67},{"text":"disrupting","start":8786.67,"end":8787.31},{"text":"regional","start":8787.31,"end":8787.71},{"text":"stability","start":8787.71,"end":8788.43},{"text":"and","start":8788.51,"end":8788.75},{"text":"threatening","start":8788.75,"end":8789.39},{"text":"navigational","start":8789.63,"end":8790.35},{"text":"freedom","start":8790.35,"end":8790.83},{"text":"and","start":8790.83,"end":8790.99},{"text":"security?","start":8790.99,"end":8791.71}]},{"text":"who is undermining international rule of law.","start":8792.27,"end":8795.39,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"who","start":8792.27,"end":8792.51},{"text":"is","start":8792.67,"end":8793.07},{"text":"undermining","start":8793.15,"end":8793.95},{"text":"international","start":8794.03,"end":8794.67},{"text":"rule","start":8794.67,"end":8794.79},{"text":"of","start":8794.79,"end":8794.91},{"text":"law.","start":8794.91,"end":8795.39}]},{"text":"The facts are self-evident.","start":8795.79,"end":8797.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8795.79,"end":8795.95},{"text":"facts","start":8795.95,"end":8796.43},{"text":"are","start":8796.43,"end":8796.71},{"text":"self-evident.","start":8796.71,"end":8797.63}]},{"text":"Thank you, President.","start":8797.83,"end":8798.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8797.83,"end":8798.03},{"text":"you,","start":8798.03,"end":8798.11},{"text":"President.","start":8798.11,"end":8798.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHN","affiliation_full":"China","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":8800.59,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=8801","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of China for his statement.","start":8800.59,"end":8804.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8800.59,"end":8800.75},{"text":"thank","start":8800.75,"end":8801.15},{"text":"the","start":8801.23,"end":8801.35},{"text":"representative","start":8801.35,"end":8802.19},{"text":"of","start":8802.19,"end":8802.27},{"text":"China","start":8802.27,"end":8802.75},{"text":"for","start":8803.63,"end":8803.79},{"text":"his","start":8803.79,"end":8803.91},{"text":"statement.","start":8803.91,"end":8804.59}]},{"text":"And I wish to remind all speakers to limit their statements to no more than three minutes in order to enable the Council to carry out its work expeditiously.","start":8811.79,"end":8825.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8811.79,"end":8812.27},{"text":"I","start":8813.63,"end":8813.71},{"text":"wish","start":8813.71,"end":8813.95},{"text":"to","start":8813.95,"end":8814.07},{"text":"remind","start":8814.07,"end":8814.67},{"text":"all","start":8815.55,"end":8815.79},{"text":"speakers","start":8815.79,"end":8816.51},{"text":"to","start":8816.67,"end":8816.79},{"text":"limit","start":8816.79,"end":8817.23},{"text":"their","start":8817.31,"end":8817.51},{"text":"statements","start":8817.51,"end":8818.35},{"text":"to","start":8819.59,"end":8819.63},{"text":"no","start":8819.63,"end":8819.83},{"text":"more","start":8819.83,"end":8820.03},{"text":"than","start":8820.03,"end":8820.19},{"text":"three","start":8820.19,"end":8820.43},{"text":"minutes","start":8820.43,"end":8820.99},{"text":"in","start":8821.03,"end":8821.15},{"text":"order","start":8821.15,"end":8821.39},{"text":"to","start":8821.39,"end":8821.55},{"text":"enable","start":8821.55,"end":8822.11},{"text":"the","start":8822.11,"end":8822.23},{"text":"Council","start":8822.23,"end":8822.83},{"text":"to","start":8823.55,"end":8823.67},{"text":"carry","start":8823.67,"end":8823.99},{"text":"out","start":8823.99,"end":8824.19},{"text":"its","start":8824.19,"end":8824.43},{"text":"work","start":8824.43,"end":8824.75},{"text":"expeditiously.","start":8824.75,"end":8825.71}]},{"text":"The flashing lights on the microphone will prompt the speakers to bring their remarks to a close after three 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now give the floor to the representative of Kazakhstan.","start":8836.67,"end":8840.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8836.67,"end":8836.91},{"text":"now","start":8837.15,"end":8837.39},{"text":"give","start":8837.39,"end":8837.63},{"text":"the","start":8837.63,"end":8837.71},{"text":"floor","start":8837.71,"end":8838.19},{"text":"to","start":8838.27,"end":8838.35},{"text":"the","start":8838.35,"end":8838.51},{"text":"representative","start":8838.51,"end":8839.39},{"text":"of","start":8839.71,"end":8839.87},{"text":"Kazakhstan.","start":8839.87,"end":8840.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":8847.03,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=8848","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, I thank Somalia for convening this open debate and for selecting the theme, which rightly stands at the center of the Security Council's 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views the rule of law as a central pillar of international peace and security.","start":8857.87,"end":8863.23,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":8857.87,"end":8858.43},{"text":"views","start":8858.43,"end":8858.75},{"text":"the","start":8858.75,"end":8858.83},{"text":"rule","start":8858.83,"end":8859.31},{"text":"of","start":8859.31,"end":8859.43},{"text":"law","start":8859.43,"end":8859.51},{"text":"as","start":8859.79,"end":8859.95},{"text":"a","start":8859.95,"end":8859.99},{"text":"central","start":8859.99,"end":8860.43},{"text":"pillar","start":8860.43,"end":8860.91},{"text":"of","start":8861.11,"end":8861.19},{"text":"international","start":8861.19,"end":8861.87},{"text":"peace","start":8861.87,"end":8862.27},{"text":"and","start":8862.35,"end":8862.59},{"text":"security.","start":8862.59,"end":8863.23}]},{"text":"Lasting peace is impossible without the rule of law, and international peace and security can be maintained only on the basis of the Charter of the United Nations.","start":8863.71,"end":8874.03,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Lasting","start":8863.71,"end":8864.19},{"text":"peace","start":8864.19,"end":8864.51},{"text":"is","start":8864.51,"end":8864.67},{"text":"impossible","start":8864.67,"end":8865.31},{"text":"without","start":8865.31,"end":8865.67},{"text":"the","start":8865.67,"end":8865.79},{"text":"rule","start":8865.79,"end":8866.03},{"text":"of","start":8866.03,"end":8866.11},{"text":"law,","start":8866.11,"end":8866.35},{"text":"and","start":8866.67,"end":8866.83},{"text":"international","start":8866.83,"end":8867.71},{"text":"peace","start":8867.87,"end":8868.27},{"text":"and","start":8868.59,"end":8868.79},{"text":"security","start":8868.79,"end":8869.39},{"text":"can","start":8869.39,"end":8869.63},{"text":"be","start":8869.63,"end":8870.03},{"text":"maintained","start":8870.03,"end":8870.67},{"text":"only","start":8870.67,"end":8871.15},{"text":"on","start":8871.15,"end":8871.23},{"text":"the","start":8871.23,"end":8871.35},{"text":"basis","start":8871.35,"end":8871.95},{"text":"of","start":8872.27,"end":8872.43},{"text":"the","start":8872.43,"end":8872.51},{"text":"Charter","start":8872.51,"end":8872.95},{"text":"of","start":8872.95,"end":8873.03},{"text":"the","start":8873.03,"end":8873.11},{"text":"United","start":8873.11,"end":8873.47},{"text":"Nations.","start":8873.47,"end":8874.03}]},{"text":"Today it is crucial to reaffirm once again the rules agreed by all member states must be respected by all.","start":8874.95,"end":8882.47,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":8874.95,"end":8875.15},{"text":"it","start":8875.15,"end":8875.27},{"text":"is","start":8875.27,"end":8875.51},{"text":"crucial","start":8875.51,"end":8875.91},{"text":"to","start":8875.91,"end":8875.99},{"text":"reaffirm","start":8875.99,"end":8876.63},{"text":"once","start":8876.63,"end":8876.87},{"text":"again","start":8876.87,"end":8877.27},{"text":"the","start":8877.51,"end":8877.67},{"text":"rules","start":8877.67,"end":8878.23},{"text":"agreed","start":8878.47,"end":8878.95},{"text":"by","start":8878.95,"end":8879.19},{"text":"all","start":8879.19,"end":8879.43},{"text":"member","start":8879.43,"end":8879.75},{"text":"states","start":8879.75,"end":8880.31},{"text":"must","start":8880.63,"end":8880.87},{"text":"be","start":8880.87,"end":8881.19},{"text":"respected","start":8881.27,"end":8881.91},{"text":"by","start":8881.91,"end":8882.07},{"text":"all.","start":8882.07,"end":8882.47}]},{"text":"This common understanding has underpinned the council's previous deliberations aimed at a deeper discussion of how within the United Nations we can uphold peace and security through the promotion of the rule of law.","start":8883.19,"end":8896.23,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8883.19,"end":8883.43},{"text":"common","start":8883.43,"end":8883.75},{"text":"understanding","start":8883.75,"end":8884.47},{"text":"has","start":8884.47,"end":8884.71},{"text":"underpinned","start":8884.71,"end":8885.35},{"text":"the","start":8885.35,"end":8885.43},{"text":"council's","start":8885.43,"end":8885.99},{"text":"previous","start":8885.99,"end":8886.63},{"text":"deliberations","start":8886.63,"end":8887.51},{"text":"aimed","start":8887.91,"end":8888.31},{"text":"at","start":8888.31,"end":8888.47},{"text":"a","start":8888.47,"end":8888.51},{"text":"deeper","start":8888.51,"end":8888.87},{"text":"discussion","start":8888.87,"end":8889.43},{"text":"of","start":8889.43,"end":8889.59},{"text":"how","start":8889.59,"end":8889.99},{"text":"within","start":8890.31,"end":8890.71},{"text":"the","start":8890.71,"end":8890.83},{"text":"United","start":8890.83,"end":8891.19},{"text":"Nations","start":8891.19,"end":8891.83},{"text":"we","start":8891.83,"end":8891.99},{"text":"can","start":8891.99,"end":8892.15},{"text":"uphold","start":8892.15,"end":8892.55},{"text":"peace","start":8892.55,"end":8892.95},{"text":"and","start":8893.27,"end":8893.51},{"text":"security","start":8893.51,"end":8894.15},{"text":"through","start":8894.15,"end":8894.39},{"text":"the","start":8894.39,"end":8894.51},{"text":"promotion","start":8894.51,"end":8895.19},{"text":"of","start":8895.43,"end":8895.55},{"text":"the","start":8895.55,"end":8895.63},{"text":"rule","start":8895.63,"end":8896.03},{"text":"of","start":8896.03,"end":8896.11},{"text":"law.","start":8896.11,"end":8896.23}]},{"text":"In this regard, Kazakhstan highlights several priorities.","start":8896.95,"end":8899.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8896.95,"end":8897.03},{"text":"this","start":8897.03,"end":8897.27},{"text":"regard,","start":8897.27,"end":8897.59},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":8897.59,"end":8898.07},{"text":"highlights","start":8898.07,"end":8898.83},{"text":"several","start":8898.83,"end":8899.11},{"text":"priorities.","start":8899.11,"end":8899.83}]},{"text":"An important element of the rule of law is strict compliance with international law.","start":8900.51,"end":8904.59,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":8900.51,"end":8900.59},{"text":"important","start":8900.59,"end":8901.03},{"text":"element","start":8901.03,"end":8901.39},{"text":"of","start":8901.39,"end":8901.51},{"text":"the","start":8901.51,"end":8901.59},{"text":"rule","start":8901.59,"end":8901.99},{"text":"of","start":8901.99,"end":8902.07},{"text":"law","start":8902.07,"end":8902.15},{"text":"is","start":8902.15,"end":8902.35},{"text":"strict","start":8902.35,"end":8902.71},{"text":"compliance","start":8902.71,"end":8903.43},{"text":"with","start":8903.43,"end":8903.55},{"text":"international","start":8903.59,"end":8904.51},{"text":"law.","start":8904.51,"end":8904.59}]},{"text":"Selective application of norms, double standards, and the politicization of legal mechanisms undermine the international order.","start":8905.27,"end":8913.75,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Selective","start":8905.27,"end":8905.91},{"text":"application","start":8905.91,"end":8906.63},{"text":"of","start":8906.63,"end":8906.79},{"text":"norms,","start":8906.79,"end":8907.51},{"text":"double","start":8907.75,"end":8908.15},{"text":"standards,","start":8908.15,"end":8908.87},{"text":"and","start":8908.95,"end":8909.23},{"text":"the","start":8909.23,"end":8909.31},{"text":"politicization","start":8909.31,"end":8910.07},{"text":"of","start":8910.07,"end":8910.23},{"text":"legal","start":8910.23,"end":8910.55},{"text":"mechanisms","start":8910.55,"end":8911.35},{"text":"undermine","start":8911.75,"end":8912.47},{"text":"the","start":8912.63,"end":8912.75},{"text":"international","start":8912.75,"end":8913.43},{"text":"order.","start":8913.43,"end":8913.75}]},{"text":"We call on all states to refrain from the threat of use of force, to respect sovereign equality and territorial integrity, and to resolve disputes exclusively by peaceful means.","start":8914.31,"end":8925.67,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8914.31,"end":8914.51},{"text":"call","start":8914.51,"end":8914.83},{"text":"on","start":8914.83,"end":8914.95},{"text":"all","start":8914.95,"end":8915.11},{"text":"states","start":8915.11,"end":8915.75},{"text":"to","start":8915.75,"end":8915.95},{"text":"refrain","start":8915.95,"end":8916.47},{"text":"from","start":8916.47,"end":8916.71},{"text":"the","start":8916.71,"end":8916.87},{"text":"threat","start":8916.87,"end":8917.15},{"text":"of","start":8917.15,"end":8917.27},{"text":"use","start":8917.27,"end":8917.67},{"text":"of","start":8917.67,"end":8917.75},{"text":"force,","start":8917.75,"end":8918.31},{"text":"to","start":8918.71,"end":8918.79},{"text":"respect","start":8918.79,"end":8919.27},{"text":"sovereign","start":8919.27,"end":8919.63},{"text":"equality","start":8919.63,"end":8920.39},{"text":"and","start":8920.79,"end":8921.11},{"text":"territorial","start":8921.11,"end":8921.67},{"text":"integrity,","start":8921.67,"end":8922.39},{"text":"and","start":8922.63,"end":8922.87},{"text":"to","start":8922.87,"end":8922.95},{"text":"resolve","start":8922.95,"end":8923.39},{"text":"disputes","start":8923.39,"end":8923.83},{"text":"exclusively","start":8923.83,"end":8924.55},{"text":"by","start":8924.55,"end":8924.79},{"text":"peaceful","start":8924.79,"end":8925.19},{"text":"means.","start":8925.19,"end":8925.67}]},{"text":"We equally call for the fullest compliance with the existing international norms against the use of threat, use or threat of use, as well as testing of nuclear weapons or any other types of weapons of mass destruction.","start":8926.67,"end":8940.91,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8926.67,"end":8926.79},{"text":"equally","start":8926.79,"end":8927.07},{"text":"call","start":8927.07,"end":8927.55},{"text":"for","start":8927.79,"end":8927.95},{"text":"the","start":8927.95,"end":8928.03},{"text":"fullest","start":8928.03,"end":8928.43},{"text":"compliance","start":8928.43,"end":8929.23},{"text":"with","start":8929.39,"end":8929.75},{"text":"the","start":8929.75,"end":8929.83},{"text":"existing","start":8929.83,"end":8930.43},{"text":"international","start":8930.43,"end":8931.19},{"text":"norms","start":8931.19,"end":8931.71},{"text":"against","start":8932.03,"end":8932.47},{"text":"the","start":8932.47,"end":8932.55},{"text":"use","start":8932.55,"end":8932.79},{"text":"of","start":8932.79,"end":8932.99},{"text":"threat,","start":8932.99,"end":8933.39},{"text":"use","start":8934.59,"end":8934.91},{"text":"or","start":8934.91,"end":8935.07},{"text":"threat","start":8935.07,"end":8935.39},{"text":"of","start":8935.39,"end":8935.47},{"text":"use,","start":8935.47,"end":8935.87},{"text":"as","start":8936.35,"end":8936.51},{"text":"well","start":8936.51,"end":8936.79},{"text":"as","start":8936.79,"end":8936.91},{"text":"testing","start":8936.91,"end":8937.39},{"text":"of","start":8937.39,"end":8937.47},{"text":"nuclear","start":8937.47,"end":8937.83},{"text":"weapons","start":8937.83,"end":8938.27},{"text":"or","start":8938.35,"end":8938.59},{"text":"any","start":8938.59,"end":8938.91},{"text":"other","start":8938.91,"end":8939.11},{"text":"types","start":8939.11,"end":8939.47},{"text":"of","start":8939.47,"end":8939.55},{"text":"weapons","start":8939.55,"end":8939.99},{"text":"of","start":8939.99,"end":8940.11},{"text":"mass","start":8940.11,"end":8940.35},{"text":"destruction.","start":8940.35,"end":8940.91}]},{"text":"In this regard, we believe the upholding of existing CTBT and NPT regimes to be a key collective priority.","start":8941.59,"end":8948.51,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8941.59,"end":8941.71},{"text":"this","start":8941.71,"end":8941.95},{"text":"regard,","start":8941.95,"end":8942.19},{"text":"we","start":8942.19,"end":8942.31},{"text":"believe","start":8942.31,"end":8942.75},{"text":"the","start":8942.75,"end":8942.87},{"text":"upholding","start":8942.87,"end":8943.39},{"text":"of","start":8943.39,"end":8943.47},{"text":"existing","start":8943.47,"end":8944.03},{"text":"CTBT","start":8944.03,"end":8944.75},{"text":"and","start":8944.75,"end":8944.99},{"text":"NPT","start":8944.99,"end":8945.55},{"text":"regimes","start":8945.55,"end":8946.03},{"text":"to","start":8946.03,"end":8946.19},{"text":"be","start":8946.19,"end":8946.59},{"text":"a","start":8946.99,"end":8947.03},{"text":"key","start":8947.03,"end":8947.39},{"text":"collective","start":8947.47,"end":8947.99},{"text":"priority.","start":8947.99,"end":8948.51}]},{"text":"The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons that marked the fifth anniversary since its entry into force just few days ago is also becoming an integral part of the international legal architecture, with the majority of the UN member states having joined it.","start":8949.63,"end":8965.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8949.63,"end":8949.67},{"text":"Treaty","start":8949.67,"end":8950.03},{"text":"on","start":8950.03,"end":8950.11},{"text":"the","start":8950.11,"end":8950.27},{"text":"Prohibition","start":8950.27,"end":8950.83},{"text":"of","start":8950.83,"end":8950.95},{"text":"Nuclear","start":8950.95,"end":8951.31},{"text":"Weapons","start":8951.31,"end":8951.87},{"text":"that","start":8951.87,"end":8952.19},{"text":"marked","start":8952.19,"end":8952.59},{"text":"the","start":8952.59,"end":8952.67},{"text":"fifth","start":8952.67,"end":8952.91},{"text":"anniversary","start":8953.07,"end":8953.79},{"text":"since","start":8953.79,"end":8954.19},{"text":"its","start":8954.19,"end":8954.43},{"text":"entry","start":8954.43,"end":8954.99},{"text":"into","start":8955.07,"end":8955.39},{"text":"force","start":8955.39,"end":8955.79},{"text":"just","start":8955.79,"end":8956.07},{"text":"few","start":8956.07,"end":8956.27},{"text":"days","start":8956.27,"end":8956.59},{"text":"ago","start":8956.59,"end":8956.91},{"text":"is","start":8957.39,"end":8957.55},{"text":"also","start":8957.55,"end":8957.83},{"text":"becoming","start":8957.83,"end":8958.43},{"text":"an","start":8958.47,"end":8958.59},{"text":"integral","start":8958.59,"end":8959.07},{"text":"part","start":8959.07,"end":8959.47},{"text":"of","start":8959.47,"end":8959.55},{"text":"the","start":8959.55,"end":8959.67},{"text":"international","start":8959.67,"end":8960.43},{"text":"legal","start":8960.67,"end":8961.07},{"text":"architecture,","start":8961.07,"end":8961.71},{"text":"with","start":8962.19,"end":8962.47},{"text":"the","start":8962.47,"end":8962.55},{"text":"majority","start":8962.55,"end":8963.07},{"text":"of","start":8963.07,"end":8963.19},{"text":"the","start":8963.19,"end":8963.27},{"text":"UN","start":8963.27,"end":8963.47},{"text":"member","start":8963.47,"end":8964.03},{"text":"states","start":8964.03,"end":8964.51},{"text":"having","start":8964.51,"end":8964.83},{"text":"joined","start":8964.83,"end":8965.19},{"text":"it.","start":8965.19,"end":8965.31}]},{"text":"We also note the particular importance of the global initiative to galvanize political commitment to international humanitarian law launched by Kazakhstan together with a group of states and the International Committee of the Red Cross.","start":8966.35,"end":8978.27,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8966.35,"end":8966.47},{"text":"also","start":8966.47,"end":8966.71},{"text":"note","start":8966.71,"end":8967.07},{"text":"the","start":8967.07,"end":8967.19},{"text":"particular","start":8967.19,"end":8967.67},{"text":"importance","start":8967.67,"end":8968.19},{"text":"of","start":8968.19,"end":8968.27},{"text":"the","start":8968.27,"end":8968.39},{"text":"global","start":8968.39,"end":8968.83},{"text":"initiative","start":8968.83,"end":8969.39},{"text":"to","start":8969.39,"end":8969.47},{"text":"galvanize","start":8969.47,"end":8970.11},{"text":"political","start":8970.11,"end":8970.59},{"text":"commitment","start":8970.59,"end":8971.11},{"text":"to","start":8971.11,"end":8971.19},{"text":"international","start":8971.19,"end":8971.83},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8971.83,"end":8972.43},{"text":"law","start":8972.43,"end":8972.75},{"text":"launched","start":8973.07,"end":8973.55},{"text":"by","start":8973.55,"end":8973.79},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":8973.79,"end":8974.43},{"text":"together","start":8974.43,"end":8974.87},{"text":"with","start":8974.87,"end":8974.99},{"text":"a","start":8974.99,"end":8975.03},{"text":"group","start":8975.03,"end":8975.27},{"text":"of","start":8975.27,"end":8975.35},{"text":"states","start":8975.35,"end":8975.87},{"text":"and","start":8976.19,"end":8976.35},{"text":"the","start":8976.35,"end":8976.43},{"text":"International","start":8976.43,"end":8976.99},{"text":"Committee","start":8976.99,"end":8977.43},{"text":"of","start":8977.43,"end":8977.55},{"text":"the","start":8977.55,"end":8977.67},{"text":"Red","start":8977.67,"end":8977.83},{"text":"Cross.","start":8977.87,"end":8978.27}]},{"text":"To date, 99 states have joined the initiative.","start":8979.07,"end":8983.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":8979.07,"end":8979.15},{"text":"date,","start":8979.15,"end":8979.55},{"text":"99","start":8980.11,"end":8981.55},{"text":"states","start":8981.55,"end":8981.95},{"text":"have","start":8981.95,"end":8982.11},{"text":"joined","start":8982.11,"end":8982.47},{"text":"the","start":8982.47,"end":8982.55},{"text":"initiative.","start":8982.55,"end":8983.07}]},{"text":"In this regard, we encourage all states to engage actively in its implementation and to participate in the high-level conference on humanity in war scheduled to take place later this year in Amman, Jordan.","start":8983.79,"end":8996.19,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8983.79,"end":8983.91},{"text":"this","start":8983.91,"end":8984.11},{"text":"regard,","start":8984.11,"end":8984.43},{"text":"we","start":8984.43,"end":8984.55},{"text":"encourage","start":8984.55,"end":8985.07},{"text":"all","start":8985.07,"end":8985.31},{"text":"states","start":8985.31,"end":8985.71},{"text":"to","start":8985.71,"end":8985.79},{"text":"engage","start":8985.79,"end":8986.19},{"text":"actively","start":8986.19,"end":8986.75},{"text":"in","start":8986.75,"end":8986.91},{"text":"its","start":8986.91,"end":8987.03},{"text":"implementation","start":8987.03,"end":8987.87},{"text":"and","start":8988.27,"end":8988.47},{"text":"to","start":8988.47,"end":8988.55},{"text":"participate","start":8988.55,"end":8989.31},{"text":"in","start":8989.39,"end":8989.55},{"text":"the","start":8989.55,"end":8989.67},{"text":"high-level","start":8989.67,"end":8990.23},{"text":"conference","start":8990.23,"end":8990.83},{"text":"on","start":8990.83,"end":8990.99},{"text":"humanity","start":8991.31,"end":8991.83},{"text":"in","start":8991.83,"end":8992.03},{"text":"war","start":8992.03,"end":8992.43},{"text":"scheduled","start":8992.43,"end":8992.91},{"text":"to","start":8992.91,"end":8993.03},{"text":"take","start":8993.03,"end":8993.23},{"text":"place","start":8993.23,"end":8993.71},{"text":"later","start":8993.95,"end":8994.31},{"text":"this","start":8994.31,"end":8994.51},{"text":"year","start":8994.51,"end":8994.83},{"text":"in","start":8994.83,"end":8995.07},{"text":"Amman,","start":8995.07,"end":8995.63},{"text":"Jordan.","start":8995.79,"end":8996.19}]},{"text":"Where serious breaches of international law occur, it is important for the international community to act consistently and to ensure that existing mechanisms function effectively.","start":8998.79,"end":9009.55,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":8998.79,"end":8999.07},{"text":"serious","start":8999.07,"end":8999.55},{"text":"breaches","start":8999.55,"end":9000.27},{"text":"of","start":9000.31,"end":9000.43},{"text":"international","start":9000.43,"end":9001.11},{"text":"law","start":9001.11,"end":9001.19},{"text":"occur,","start":9001.19,"end":9001.79},{"text":"it","start":9001.79,"end":9001.95},{"text":"is","start":9001.95,"end":9002.07},{"text":"important","start":9002.07,"end":9002.59},{"text":"for","start":9002.59,"end":9002.71},{"text":"the","start":9002.71,"end":9002.79},{"text":"international","start":9002.79,"end":9003.35},{"text":"community","start":9003.35,"end":9004.11},{"text":"to","start":9004.43,"end":9004.59},{"text":"act","start":9004.59,"end":9004.87},{"text":"consistently","start":9004.87,"end":9005.71},{"text":"and","start":9005.95,"end":9006.15},{"text":"to","start":9006.15,"end":9006.27},{"text":"ensure","start":9006.27,"end":9006.67},{"text":"that","start":9006.67,"end":9006.91},{"text":"existing","start":9006.91,"end":9007.39},{"text":"mechanisms","start":9007.39,"end":9008.19},{"text":"function","start":9008.43,"end":9008.91},{"text":"effectively.","start":9008.91,"end":9009.55}]},{"text":"The Security Council should therefore support the strengthening of national justice systems and the rule of law in post-conflict societies.","start":9010.11,"end":9018.11,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9010.11,"end":9010.19},{"text":"Security","start":9010.19,"end":9010.59},{"text":"Council","start":9010.59,"end":9010.99},{"text":"should","start":9010.99,"end":9011.23},{"text":"therefore","start":9011.23,"end":9011.55},{"text":"support","start":9011.55,"end":9012.03},{"text":"the","start":9012.03,"end":9012.11},{"text":"strengthening","start":9012.11,"end":9012.67},{"text":"of","start":9012.67,"end":9012.91},{"text":"national","start":9012.91,"end":9013.47},{"text":"justice","start":9013.79,"end":9014.23},{"text":"systems","start":9014.23,"end":9014.79},{"text":"and","start":9014.79,"end":9014.95},{"text":"the","start":9014.95,"end":9015.03},{"text":"rule","start":9015.03,"end":9015.27},{"text":"of","start":9015.27,"end":9015.39},{"text":"law","start":9015.39,"end":9015.71},{"text":"in","start":9015.95,"end":9016.19},{"text":"post-conflict","start":9016.19,"end":9017.23},{"text":"societies.","start":9017.31,"end":9018.11}]},{"text":"In this regard, UN peace operations play an important role in supporting national institutions, including judicial, police, and rule of law structures.","start":9018.83,"end":9028.27,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9018.83,"end":9018.91},{"text":"this","start":9018.91,"end":9019.15},{"text":"regard,","start":9019.15,"end":9019.47},{"text":"UN","start":9019.47,"end":9019.79},{"text":"peace","start":9019.79,"end":9020.03},{"text":"operations","start":9020.03,"end":9020.91},{"text":"play","start":9021.15,"end":9021.43},{"text":"an","start":9021.43,"end":9021.59},{"text":"important","start":9021.59,"end":9021.95},{"text":"role","start":9021.95,"end":9022.27},{"text":"in","start":9022.43,"end":9022.59},{"text":"supporting","start":9022.59,"end":9023.23},{"text":"national","start":9023.23,"end":9023.63},{"text":"institutions,","start":9023.63,"end":9024.43},{"text":"including","start":9024.75,"end":9025.35},{"text":"judicial,","start":9025.35,"end":9025.95},{"text":"police,","start":9026.27,"end":9026.83},{"text":"and","start":9026.91,"end":9027.15},{"text":"rule","start":9027.15,"end":9027.35},{"text":"of","start":9027.35,"end":9027.43},{"text":"law","start":9027.43,"end":9027.63},{"text":"structures.","start":9027.63,"end":9028.27}]},{"text":"Kazakhstan underscores that strengthening the rule of law should be regarded as an integral and strategic component of peacekeeping, contributing to sustainable peace and nationally owned post-conflict recovery.","start":9028.87,"end":9041.67,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":9028.87,"end":9029.27},{"text":"underscores","start":9029.27,"end":9029.99},{"text":"that","start":9029.99,"end":9030.55},{"text":"strengthening","start":9030.55,"end":9031.27},{"text":"the","start":9031.35,"end":9031.51},{"text":"rule","start":9031.51,"end":9031.71},{"text":"of","start":9031.71,"end":9031.83},{"text":"law","start":9031.83,"end":9032.19},{"text":"should","start":9032.23,"end":9032.51},{"text":"be","start":9032.51,"end":9032.63},{"text":"regarded","start":9032.63,"end":9033.11},{"text":"as","start":9033.19,"end":9033.35},{"text":"an","start":9033.35,"end":9033.59},{"text":"integral","start":9033.59,"end":9034.07},{"text":"and","start":9034.39,"end":9034.63},{"text":"strategic","start":9034.63,"end":9035.15},{"text":"component","start":9035.15,"end":9035.75},{"text":"of","start":9035.95,"end":9036.15},{"text":"peacekeeping,","start":9036.15,"end":9036.79},{"text":"contributing","start":9037.19,"end":9037.75},{"text":"to","start":9037.75,"end":9037.91},{"text":"sustainable","start":9037.91,"end":9038.47},{"text":"peace","start":9038.47,"end":9038.75},{"text":"and","start":9038.75,"end":9038.95},{"text":"nationally","start":9039.11,"end":9039.67},{"text":"owned","start":9039.67,"end":9039.95},{"text":"post-conflict","start":9040.15,"end":9041.19},{"text":"recovery.","start":9041.19,"end":9041.67}]},{"text":"Enhancing the role of international justice and the peaceful settlement of disputes also remains an important priority.","start":9042.51,"end":9048.95,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Enhancing","start":9042.51,"end":9043.03},{"text":"the","start":9043.03,"end":9043.23},{"text":"role","start":9043.23,"end":9043.51},{"text":"of","start":9043.51,"end":9043.59},{"text":"international","start":9043.59,"end":9044.19},{"text":"justice","start":9044.19,"end":9044.71},{"text":"and","start":9044.71,"end":9044.91},{"text":"the","start":9044.91,"end":9044.99},{"text":"peaceful","start":9045.19,"end":9045.51},{"text":"settlement","start":9045.51,"end":9045.95},{"text":"of","start":9045.95,"end":9046.07},{"text":"disputes","start":9046.07,"end":9046.63},{"text":"also","start":9047.03,"end":9047.35},{"text":"remains","start":9047.35,"end":9047.87},{"text":"an","start":9047.87,"end":9047.95},{"text":"important","start":9047.95,"end":9048.39},{"text":"priority.","start":9048.39,"end":9048.95}]},{"text":"Kazakhstan supports close interaction between the Security Council and the International Court of Justice, and calls upon states to implement in good faith the decisions of the principal judicial body of the organization.","start":9049.43,"end":9063.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":9049.43,"end":9049.83},{"text":"supports","start":9049.83,"end":9050.31},{"text":"close","start":9050.31,"end":9050.63},{"text":"interaction","start":9050.63,"end":9051.15},{"text":"between","start":9051.15,"end":9051.43},{"text":"the","start":9051.43,"end":9051.55},{"text":"Security","start":9051.55,"end":9051.95},{"text":"Council","start":9051.95,"end":9052.47},{"text":"and","start":9052.87,"end":9053.07},{"text":"the","start":9053.07,"end":9053.15},{"text":"International","start":9053.15,"end":9053.75},{"text":"Court","start":9053.75,"end":9053.99},{"text":"of","start":9053.99,"end":9054.07},{"text":"Justice,","start":9054.07,"end":9054.63},{"text":"and","start":9055.03,"end":9055.19},{"text":"calls","start":9055.19,"end":9055.47},{"text":"upon","start":9055.47,"end":9055.71},{"text":"states","start":9055.71,"end":9056.27},{"text":"to","start":9056.27,"end":9056.43},{"text":"implement","start":9056.43,"end":9056.99},{"text":"in","start":9056.99,"end":9057.15},{"text":"good","start":9057.15,"end":9057.39},{"text":"faith","start":9057.39,"end":9057.79},{"text":"the","start":9057.95,"end":9058.15},{"text":"decisions","start":9058.15,"end":9058.83},{"text":"of","start":9059.55,"end":9059.67},{"text":"the","start":9059.67,"end":9059.79},{"text":"principal","start":9059.95,"end":9060.43},{"text":"judicial","start":9060.43,"end":9060.91},{"text":"body","start":9060.91,"end":9061.47},{"text":"of","start":9061.63,"end":9061.95},{"text":"the","start":9061.95,"end":9062.15},{"text":"organization.","start":9062.27,"end":9063.03}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Kazakhstan is convinced that strengthening peace and justice and multilateralism begins with a return to the letter and spirit of the Charter of the United Nations and with respect for international law as our shared language of security.","start":9063.91,"end":9080.15,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9063.91,"end":9064.23},{"text":"President,","start":9064.23,"end":9064.63},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":9064.63,"end":9065.15},{"text":"is","start":9065.15,"end":9065.31},{"text":"convinced","start":9065.31,"end":9065.87},{"text":"that","start":9065.87,"end":9066.03},{"text":"strengthening","start":9066.03,"end":9066.51},{"text":"peace","start":9066.51,"end":9066.83},{"text":"and","start":9066.83,"end":9067.15},{"text":"justice","start":9067.15,"end":9067.79},{"text":"and","start":9068.27,"end":9068.51},{"text":"multilateralism","start":9068.51,"end":9069.31},{"text":"begins","start":9069.31,"end":9069.95},{"text":"with","start":9069.95,"end":9070.11},{"text":"a","start":9070.11,"end":9070.15},{"text":"return","start":9070.15,"end":9070.75},{"text":"to","start":9070.91,"end":9071.07},{"text":"the","start":9071.07,"end":9071.15},{"text":"letter","start":9071.15,"end":9071.43},{"text":"and","start":9071.43,"end":9071.55},{"text":"spirit","start":9071.55,"end":9071.95},{"text":"of","start":9071.95,"end":9072.11},{"text":"the","start":9072.11,"end":9072.19},{"text":"Charter","start":9072.19,"end":9072.55},{"text":"of","start":9072.55,"end":9072.63},{"text":"the","start":9072.63,"end":9072.71},{"text":"United","start":9072.71,"end":9072.99},{"text":"Nations","start":9072.99,"end":9073.55},{"text":"and","start":9074.11,"end":9074.35},{"text":"with","start":9074.59,"end":9074.79},{"text":"respect","start":9074.83,"end":9075.39},{"text":"for","start":9076.03,"end":9076.19},{"text":"international","start":9076.19,"end":9076.99},{"text":"law","start":9076.99,"end":9077.07},{"text":"as","start":9077.95,"end":9078.19},{"text":"our","start":9078.19,"end":9078.35},{"text":"shared","start":9078.35,"end":9078.75},{"text":"language","start":9078.99,"end":9079.47},{"text":"of","start":9079.47,"end":9079.55},{"text":"security.","start":9079.55,"end":9080.15}]},{"text":"We stand ready to work with all members of the Council to reinforce the legal foundations of conflict prevention, mediation and peacebuilding, so that international law once again becomes not a subject of dispute, but a pillar of trust.","start":9080.99,"end":9095.83,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security 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thank you.","start":9096.11,"end":9096.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9096.11,"end":9096.27},{"text":"thank","start":9096.27,"end":9096.43},{"text":"you.","start":9096.43,"end":9096.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"KAZ","affiliation_full":"Kazakhstan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":9098.51,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=9099","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Kazakhstan for his statement.","start":9098.51,"end":9102.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9098.51,"end":9098.67},{"text":"thank","start":9098.67,"end":9099.07},{"text":"the","start":9099.23,"end":9099.35},{"text":"representative","start":9099.35,"end":9100.19},{"text":"of","start":9100.39,"end":9100.51},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":9100.51,"end":9101.39},{"text":"for","start":9101.95,"end":9102.11},{"text":"his","start":9102.11,"end":9102.27},{"text":"statement.","start":9102.27,"end":9102.99}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Egypt.","start":9102.99,"end":9105.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9102.99,"end":9103.07},{"text":"now","start":9103.07,"end":9103.23},{"text":"give","start":9103.23,"end":9103.43},{"text":"the","start":9103.43,"end":9103.55},{"text":"floor","start":9103.55,"end":9103.87},{"text":"to","start":9103.87,"end":9103.99},{"text":"the","start":9103.99,"end":9104.07},{"text":"representative","start":9104.07,"end":9104.67},{"text":"of","start":9104.67,"end":9104.75},{"text":"Egypt.","start":9104.83,"end":9105.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":46,"start":9107.27,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=9108","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Allow me at the outset to thank Somalia for its initiative in convening an open debate on this important 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also thank Mr. Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General of the UN, for his statement.","start":9124.63,"end":9130.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9124.63,"end":9124.87},{"text":"also","start":9124.87,"end":9125.11},{"text":"thank","start":9125.11,"end":9125.43},{"text":"Mr.","start":9125.43,"end":9125.79},{"text":"Antonio","start":9125.79,"end":9126.23},{"text":"Guterres,","start":9126.23,"end":9126.91},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":9126.91,"end":9127.83},{"text":"of","start":9127.83,"end":9128.07},{"text":"the","start":9128.07,"end":9128.15},{"text":"UN,","start":9128.15,"end":9128.63},{"text":"for","start":9128.63,"end":9129.03},{"text":"his","start":9129.03,"end":9129.51},{"text":"statement.","start":9129.67,"end":9130.63}]},{"text":"I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to His Excellency Mahmoud Ali Yusuf, Chairperson of the African Union Commission, as well as the esteemed Judge Yusuf for their valuable 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United Nations was established after decades of severe human suffering and a harsh historical experience.","start":9145.39,"end":9154.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9145.39,"end":9145.47},{"text":"United","start":9145.47,"end":9145.87},{"text":"Nations","start":9145.87,"end":9146.35},{"text":"was","start":9146.35,"end":9146.51},{"text":"established","start":9146.51,"end":9147.47},{"text":"after","start":9147.47,"end":9147.95},{"text":"decades","start":9147.95,"end":9148.83},{"text":"of","start":9148.83,"end":9148.99},{"text":"severe","start":9148.99,"end":9149.71},{"text":"human","start":9149.79,"end":9150.43},{"text":"suffering","start":9150.43,"end":9151.23},{"text":"and","start":9152.19,"end":9152.51},{"text":"a","start":9152.51,"end":9152.55},{"text":"harsh","start":9152.55,"end":9153.23},{"text":"historical","start":9153.23,"end":9153.87},{"text":"experience.","start":9153.87,"end":9154.91}]},{"text":"through which the international community came to realize that the logic of power and force would only lead us all toward further tragedies, conflicts, and disputes.","start":9156.23,"end":9167.31,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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these challenges is not intended to undermine multilateral action or diminish the role of the UN.","start":9277.15,"end":9284.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Acknowledging","start":9277.15,"end":9277.91},{"text":"these","start":9277.91,"end":9278.31},{"text":"challenges","start":9278.31,"end":9279.19},{"text":"is","start":9279.19,"end":9279.43},{"text":"not","start":9279.43,"end":9279.67},{"text":"intended","start":9279.67,"end":9280.23},{"text":"to","start":9280.23,"end":9280.47},{"text":"undermine","start":9280.47,"end":9281.19},{"text":"multilateral","start":9281.19,"end":9281.83},{"text":"action","start":9281.83,"end":9282.31},{"text":"or","start":9282.31,"end":9282.47},{"text":"diminish","start":9282.47,"end":9282.95},{"text":"the","start":9282.95,"end":9283.03},{"text":"role","start":9283.03,"end":9283.27},{"text":"of","start":9283.27,"end":9283.43},{"text":"the","start":9283.43,"end":9283.55},{"text":"UN.","start":9283.55,"end":9284.07}]},{"text":"Rather, it represents an effort toward candor and transparency to develop a clear and realistic vision for the steps required to restore confidence in the organization and in multilateral mechanisms.","start":9284.63,"end":9299.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Rather,","start":9284.63,"end":9285.27},{"text":"it","start":9285.27,"end":9285.47},{"text":"represents","start":9285.47,"end":9286.07},{"text":"an","start":9286.07,"end":9286.31},{"text":"effort","start":9286.39,"end":9287.11},{"text":"toward","start":9287.27,"end":9287.75},{"text":"candor","start":9287.75,"end":9288.27},{"text":"and","start":9288.27,"end":9288.43},{"text":"transparency","start":9288.43,"end":9289.27},{"text":"to","start":9289.27,"end":9289.43},{"text":"develop","start":9289.43,"end":9289.99},{"text":"a","start":9290.07,"end":9290.11},{"text":"clear","start":9290.11,"end":9290.47},{"text":"and","start":9290.47,"end":9290.67},{"text":"realistic","start":9290.67,"end":9291.27},{"text":"vision","start":9291.35,"end":9291.91},{"text":"for","start":9292.15,"end":9292.47},{"text":"the","start":9292.47,"end":9292.55},{"text":"steps","start":9292.55,"end":9293.19},{"text":"required","start":9293.19,"end":9293.91},{"text":"to","start":9294.79,"end":9294.91},{"text":"restore","start":9294.91,"end":9295.35},{"text":"confidence","start":9295.35,"end":9296.07},{"text":"in","start":9296.07,"end":9296.19},{"text":"the","start":9296.19,"end":9296.27},{"text":"organization","start":9296.27,"end":9297.19},{"text":"and","start":9297.19,"end":9297.43},{"text":"in","start":9297.43,"end":9297.59},{"text":"multilateral","start":9297.59,"end":9298.47},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":9298.55,"end":9299.51}]},{"text":"Egypt believes that the ongoing efforts to reform the United Nations, foremost among them the UN80 initiative, these efforts must be seen as an opportunity for an objective assessment of the organization's performance and its various bodies, with the aim of restoring their effectiveness, developing their working methods, enhancing their efficiency and improving their ability to respond to current challenges.","start":9300.63,"end":9330.23,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":9300.63,"end":9301.11},{"text":"believes","start":9301.11,"end":9301.83},{"text":"that","start":9302.79,"end":9303.19},{"text":"the","start":9303.51,"end":9303.75},{"text":"ongoing","start":9303.75,"end":9304.47},{"text":"efforts","start":9304.95,"end":9305.59},{"text":"to","start":9305.59,"end":9305.83},{"text":"reform","start":9305.83,"end":9306.39},{"text":"the","start":9306.39,"end":9306.47},{"text":"United","start":9306.47,"end":9306.87},{"text":"Nations,","start":9306.87,"end":9307.59},{"text":"foremost","start":9307.59,"end":9308.23},{"text":"among","start":9308.23,"end":9308.71},{"text":"them","start":9308.95,"end":9309.27},{"text":"the","start":9309.27,"end":9309.39},{"text":"UN80","start":9309.39,"end":9310.31},{"text":"initiative,","start":9310.31,"end":9311.03},{"text":"these","start":9311.99,"end":9312.39},{"text":"efforts","start":9312.39,"end":9312.71},{"text":"must","start":9312.71,"end":9312.95},{"text":"be","start":9312.95,"end":9313.07},{"text":"seen","start":9313.07,"end":9313.59},{"text":"as","start":9313.59,"end":9313.75},{"text":"an","start":9313.75,"end":9313.83},{"text":"opportunity","start":9313.83,"end":9314.55},{"text":"for","start":9314.55,"end":9314.79},{"text":"an","start":9314.79,"end":9314.95},{"text":"objective","start":9314.95,"end":9315.51},{"text":"assessment","start":9315.51,"end":9316.23},{"text":"of","start":9316.23,"end":9316.39},{"text":"the","start":9316.39,"end":9316.47},{"text":"organization's","start":9316.47,"end":9317.27},{"text":"performance","start":9317.27,"end":9318.15},{"text":"and","start":9318.15,"end":9318.35},{"text":"its","start":9318.35,"end":9318.55},{"text":"various","start":9318.55,"end":9319.11},{"text":"bodies,","start":9319.11,"end":9319.83},{"text":"with","start":9320.39,"end":9320.59},{"text":"the","start":9320.59,"end":9320.67},{"text":"aim","start":9320.67,"end":9320.95},{"text":"of","start":9320.95,"end":9321.03},{"text":"restoring","start":9321.03,"end":9321.67},{"text":"their","start":9321.67,"end":9321.83},{"text":"effectiveness,","start":9321.83,"end":9322.71},{"text":"developing","start":9322.95,"end":9323.59},{"text":"their","start":9323.59,"end":9323.83},{"text":"working","start":9323.83,"end":9324.31},{"text":"methods,","start":9324.31,"end":9324.95},{"text":"enhancing","start":9325.43,"end":9326.15},{"text":"their","start":9326.15,"end":9326.31},{"text":"efficiency","start":9326.31,"end":9327.03},{"text":"and","start":9327.03,"end":9327.19},{"text":"improving","start":9327.19,"end":9327.83},{"text":"their","start":9327.83,"end":9327.99},{"text":"ability","start":9327.99,"end":9328.43},{"text":"to","start":9328.43,"end":9328.51},{"text":"respond","start":9328.51,"end":9328.99},{"text":"to","start":9328.99,"end":9329.15},{"text":"current","start":9329.15,"end":9329.63},{"text":"challenges.","start":9329.63,"end":9330.23}]},{"text":"This requires that the reform process be comprehensive, participatory and transparent, that it is based on the priorities of all member states, particularly developing countries.","start":9331.19,"end":9342.07,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9342.71,"end":9342.79},{"text":"conclusion,","start":9342.79,"end":9343.83},{"text":"Egypt","start":9344.23,"end":9344.59},{"text":"affirms","start":9344.59,"end":9345.03},{"text":"that","start":9345.03,"end":9345.19},{"text":"the","start":9345.51,"end":9345.83},{"text":"international","start":9346.23,"end":9346.87},{"text":"peace","start":9346.87,"end":9347.11},{"text":"and","start":9347.11,"end":9347.27},{"text":"security","start":9347.27,"end":9347.99},{"text":"is","start":9347.99,"end":9348.23},{"text":"subject","start":9348.23,"end":9348.99},{"text":"to","start":9348.99,"end":9349.07},{"text":"our","start":9349.07,"end":9349.15},{"text":"ability","start":9349.15,"end":9349.67},{"text":"to","start":9349.71,"end":9349.83},{"text":"safeguard","start":9349.83,"end":9350.55},{"text":"the","start":9350.55,"end":9350.83},{"text":"charter","start":9350.83,"end":9351.43},{"text":"and","start":9351.99,"end":9352.47},{"text":"the","start":9352.47,"end":9352.63},{"text":"rules","start":9353.19,"end":9353.59},{"text":"of","start":9353.59,"end":9353.67},{"text":"international","start":9353.67,"end":9354.47},{"text":"law","start":9354.55,"end":9354.83},{"text":"and","start":9354.83,"end":9354.99},{"text":"to","start":9354.99,"end":9355.11},{"text":"give","start":9355.11,"end":9355.27},{"text":"priority","start":9355.27,"end":9356.07},{"text":"to","start":9356.07,"end":9356.23},{"text":"multilateralism","start":9356.23,"end":9357.35},{"text":"and","start":9357.35,"end":9357.63},{"text":"joint","start":9357.63,"end":9358.07},{"text":"action.","start":9358.07,"end":9358.63}]},{"text":"As such, we reiterate our commitment to the international community.","start":9359.59,"end":9362.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9359.59,"end":9359.79},{"text":"such,","start":9359.79,"end":9360.31},{"text":"we","start":9360.31,"end":9360.55},{"text":"reiterate","start":9360.55,"end":9361.11},{"text":"our","start":9361.11,"end":9361.19},{"text":"commitment","start":9361.19,"end":9361.55},{"text":"to","start":9361.55,"end":9361.63},{"text":"the","start":9361.63,"end":9361.71},{"text":"international","start":9361.71,"end":9362.19},{"text":"community.","start":9362.19,"end":9362.55}]},{"text":"commitment to work with all partners in order to strengthen and enhance the effectiveness and credibility of the UN and safeguard its pivotal role as a place for all of us to work collectively to achieve peace and security.","start":9362.67,"end":9380.67,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. 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you, Mr. President.","start":9381.31,"end":9382.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9381.31,"end":9381.63},{"text":"you,","start":9381.63,"end":9381.75},{"text":"Mr.","start":9381.75,"end":9382.07},{"text":"President.","start":9382.07,"end":9382.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"EGY","affiliation_full":"Egypt","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":9382.83,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=9383","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank the representative of Egypt for his statement.","start":9382.83,"end":9385.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9382.83,"end":9383.15},{"text":"the","start":9383.23,"end":9383.35},{"text":"representative","start":9383.35,"end":9384.27},{"text":"of","start":9384.27,"end":9384.35},{"text":"Egypt","start":9384.35,"end":9384.83},{"text":"for","start":9384.83,"end":9384.99},{"text":"his","start":9384.99,"end":9385.23},{"text":"statement.","start":9385.23,"end":9385.87}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Philippines.","start":9386.35,"end":9388.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9386.35,"end":9386.39},{"text":"now","start":9386.39,"end":9386.59},{"text":"give","start":9386.59,"end":9386.75},{"text":"the","start":9386.75,"end":9386.87},{"text":"floor","start":9386.87,"end":9387.19},{"text":"to","start":9387.19,"end":9387.27},{"text":"the","start":9387.27,"end":9387.35},{"text":"representative","start":9387.35,"end":9388.03},{"text":"of","start":9388.03,"end":9388.11},{"text":"Philippines.","start":9388.11,"end":9388.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":9391.47,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=9392","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":9391.47,"end":9392.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9391.47,"end":9391.59},{"text":"you,","start":9391.59,"end":9391.67},{"text":"Mr.","start":9391.67,"end":9391.95},{"text":"President.","start":9391.95,"end":9392.39}]},{"text":"I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Vietnam, and the 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9592.95,"end":9593.03},{"text":"this","start":9593.03,"end":9593.27},{"text":"context,","start":9593.27,"end":9593.83},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9593.83,"end":9594.23},{"text":"underscores","start":9594.23,"end":9594.91},{"text":"the","start":9594.91,"end":9594.99},{"text":"importance","start":9594.99,"end":9595.59},{"text":"of","start":9595.59,"end":9595.67},{"text":"the","start":9595.67,"end":9595.75},{"text":"Security","start":9595.75,"end":9596.23},{"text":"Council","start":9596.23,"end":9596.79},{"text":"acting","start":9597.11,"end":9597.51},{"text":"in","start":9597.51,"end":9597.67},{"text":"an","start":9597.67,"end":9597.75},{"text":"efficient,","start":9597.75,"end":9598.23},{"text":"consistent,","start":9598.23,"end":9598.91},{"text":"transparent,","start":9598.91,"end":9599.59},{"text":"and","start":9599.59,"end":9599.79},{"text":"non-selective","start":9599.79,"end":9600.43},{"text":"manner,","start":9600.43,"end":9600.87},{"text":"particularly","start":9601.35,"end":9602.11},{"text":"in","start":9602.11,"end":9602.19},{"text":"the","start":9602.19,"end":9602.27},{"text":"application","start":9602.27,"end":9602.95},{"text":"of","start":9602.95,"end":9603.03},{"text":"international","start":9603.03,"end":9604.07},{"text":"law,","start":9604.07,"end":9604.15},{"text":"in","start":9604.47,"end":9604.67},{"text":"order","start":9604.67,"end":9604.95},{"text":"to","start":9604.95,"end":9605.07},{"text":"uphold","start":9605.07,"end":9605.47},{"text":"its","start":9605.47,"end":9605.67},{"text":"credibility","start":9605.67,"end":9606.47},{"text":"and","start":9606.71,"end":9606.99},{"text":"effectively","start":9606.99,"end":9607.55},{"text":"safeguard","start":9607.55,"end":9608.23},{"text":"international","start":9608.47,"end":9609.27},{"text":"peace","start":9609.27,"end":9609.59},{"text":"and","start":9609.59,"end":9609.71},{"text":"security.","start":9609.71,"end":9610.23}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":9610.55,"end":9611.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9610.55,"end":9610.79},{"text":"you,","start":9610.79,"end":9610.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":9610.87,"end":9611.15},{"text":"President.","start":9611.15,"end":9611.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PHL","affiliation_full":"Philippines","group":"ASEAN","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":9612.71,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=9613","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Philippines for his statement.","start":9612.71,"end":9616.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9612.71,"end":9612.79},{"text":"thank","start":9612.79,"end":9613.27},{"text":"the","start":9613.75,"end":9613.83},{"text":"representative","start":9613.83,"end":9614.55},{"text":"of","start":9614.55,"end":9614.63},{"text":"Philippines","start":9614.63,"end":9615.43},{"text":"for","start":9615.43,"end":9615.59},{"text":"his","start":9615.59,"end":9615.79},{"text":"statement.","start":9615.79,"end":9616.55}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Indonesia.","start":9617.11,"end":9619.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9617.11,"end":9617.19},{"text":"now","start":9617.19,"end":9617.39},{"text":"give","start":9617.43,"end":9617.59},{"text":"the","start":9617.59,"end":9617.71},{"text":"floor","start":9617.71,"end":9618.11},{"text":"to","start":9618.11,"end":9618.19},{"text":"the","start":9618.19,"end":9618.27},{"text":"representative","start":9618.27,"end":9619.03},{"text":"of","start":9619.03,"end":9619.11},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":9619.11,"end":9619.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":9621.15,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=9622","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":9621.15,"end":9622.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9621.15,"end":9621.39},{"text":"you,","start":9621.39,"end":9621.47},{"text":"Mr.","start":9621.47,"end":9621.71},{"text":"President.","start":9621.71,"end":9622.27}]},{"text":"Indonesia aligns ourselves with the statement of ASEAN delivered by the Philippines and would like to add the following in our national capacity.","start":9622.87,"end":9630.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":9622.87,"end":9623.31},{"text":"aligns","start":9623.31,"end":9623.67},{"text":"ourselves","start":9623.67,"end":9624.11},{"text":"with","start":9624.11,"end":9624.23},{"text":"the","start":9624.23,"end":9624.31},{"text":"statement","start":9624.31,"end":9624.75},{"text":"of","start":9624.75,"end":9624.87},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9624.87,"end":9625.35},{"text":"delivered","start":9625.35,"end":9625.91},{"text":"by","start":9625.91,"end":9626.15},{"text":"the","start":9626.15,"end":9626.23},{"text":"Philippines","start":9626.23,"end":9626.87},{"text":"and","start":9627.27,"end":9627.47},{"text":"would","start":9627.47,"end":9627.59},{"text":"like","start":9627.59,"end":9627.83},{"text":"to","start":9627.83,"end":9627.91},{"text":"add","start":9627.91,"end":9628.15},{"text":"the","start":9628.23,"end":9628.39},{"text":"following","start":9628.39,"end":9628.91},{"text":"in","start":9628.91,"end":9629.03},{"text":"our","start":9629.03,"end":9629.19},{"text":"national","start":9629.19,"end":9629.59},{"text":"capacity.","start":9629.59,"end":9630.23}]},{"text":"Mr. President, in the last 80 years, the world has largely benefited from a rules-based multilateral order.","start":9631.15,"end":9637.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9631.15,"end":9631.39},{"text":"President,","start":9631.39,"end":9631.87},{"text":"in","start":9631.87,"end":9631.95},{"text":"the","start":9631.95,"end":9632.03},{"text":"last","start":9632.03,"end":9632.31},{"text":"80","start":9632.31,"end":9632.63},{"text":"years,","start":9632.63,"end":9633.03},{"text":"the","start":9633.03,"end":9633.15},{"text":"world","start":9633.15,"end":9633.47},{"text":"has","start":9633.47,"end":9633.75},{"text":"largely","start":9633.75,"end":9634.31},{"text":"benefited","start":9634.31,"end":9634.87},{"text":"from","start":9634.87,"end":9635.11},{"text":"a","start":9635.11,"end":9635.19},{"text":"rules-based","start":9635.19,"end":9635.91},{"text":"multilateral","start":9635.91,"end":9636.55},{"text":"order.","start":9636.55,"end":9637.03}]},{"text":"Indeed, it's true that much remains to be done.","start":9637.75,"end":9640.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":9637.75,"end":9638.11},{"text":"it's","start":9638.11,"end":9638.39},{"text":"true","start":9638.39,"end":9638.71},{"text":"that","start":9638.71,"end":9638.87},{"text":"much","start":9638.87,"end":9639.07},{"text":"remains","start":9639.07,"end":9639.59},{"text":"to","start":9639.59,"end":9639.67},{"text":"be","start":9639.67,"end":9639.83},{"text":"done.","start":9639.83,"end":9640.15}]},{"text":"Access to justice remains a luxury to many, as most evident through the long overdue quest for justice of the Palestinian people.","start":9640.75,"end":9648.91,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Access","start":9640.75,"end":9641.15},{"text":"to","start":9641.15,"end":9641.31},{"text":"justice","start":9641.31,"end":9641.79},{"text":"remains","start":9641.79,"end":9642.31},{"text":"a","start":9642.31,"end":9642.35},{"text":"luxury","start":9642.35,"end":9642.83},{"text":"to","start":9642.83,"end":9642.99},{"text":"many,","start":9642.99,"end":9643.39},{"text":"as","start":9643.79,"end":9643.99},{"text":"most","start":9643.99,"end":9644.35},{"text":"evident","start":9644.35,"end":9645.03},{"text":"through","start":9645.03,"end":9645.23},{"text":"the","start":9645.23,"end":9645.31},{"text":"long","start":9645.31,"end":9645.55},{"text":"overdue","start":9645.55,"end":9646.11},{"text":"quest","start":9646.27,"end":9646.55},{"text":"for","start":9646.55,"end":9646.75},{"text":"justice","start":9646.75,"end":9647.31},{"text":"of","start":9647.63,"end":9647.75},{"text":"the","start":9647.75,"end":9647.87},{"text":"Palestinian","start":9647.87,"end":9648.51},{"text":"people.","start":9648.51,"end":9648.91}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, for Indonesia, international law provides not only legal clarity, but also a moral compass in navigating increasingly complex global challenges.","start":9649.95,"end":9659.55,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":9649.95,"end":9650.59},{"text":"for","start":9650.59,"end":9650.75},{"text":"Indonesia,","start":9650.75,"end":9651.31},{"text":"international","start":9651.31,"end":9652.03},{"text":"law","start":9652.03,"end":9652.11},{"text":"provides","start":9652.11,"end":9652.59},{"text":"not","start":9652.59,"end":9652.83},{"text":"only","start":9652.83,"end":9653.07},{"text":"legal","start":9653.07,"end":9653.31},{"text":"clarity,","start":9653.31,"end":9653.95},{"text":"but","start":9654.51,"end":9654.83},{"text":"also","start":9654.83,"end":9655.31},{"text":"a","start":9655.31,"end":9655.39},{"text":"moral","start":9655.39,"end":9655.71},{"text":"compass","start":9655.71,"end":9656.35},{"text":"in","start":9656.67,"end":9656.79},{"text":"navigating","start":9656.79,"end":9657.47},{"text":"increasingly","start":9657.47,"end":9658.11},{"text":"complex","start":9658.11,"end":9658.59},{"text":"global","start":9658.59,"end":9658.91},{"text":"challenges.","start":9658.91,"end":9659.55}]},{"text":"This derived from Indonesia's principle foreign policy, an independent and active foreign policy implemented through mutual respect and partnership.","start":9660.19,"end":9668.91,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9660.19,"end":9660.39},{"text":"derived","start":9660.39,"end":9660.75},{"text":"from","start":9660.75,"end":9660.99},{"text":"Indonesia's","start":9660.99,"end":9661.59},{"text":"principle","start":9661.59,"end":9662.03},{"text":"foreign","start":9662.03,"end":9662.35},{"text":"policy,","start":9662.35,"end":9662.91},{"text":"an","start":9663.35,"end":9663.47},{"text":"independent","start":9663.47,"end":9664.15},{"text":"and","start":9664.15,"end":9664.27},{"text":"active","start":9664.27,"end":9664.59},{"text":"foreign","start":9664.59,"end":9664.91},{"text":"policy","start":9664.91,"end":9665.47},{"text":"implemented","start":9665.95,"end":9666.63},{"text":"through","start":9666.67,"end":9667.07},{"text":"mutual","start":9667.07,"end":9667.47},{"text":"respect","start":9667.47,"end":9667.91},{"text":"and","start":9668.19,"end":9668.39},{"text":"partnership.","start":9668.39,"end":9668.91}]},{"text":"as exemplified among others through the 1955 Bandung Principles, the first ASEAN Concord of 1976, and the second ASEAN Concord of 2012.","start":9669.67,"end":9680.91,"topics":[{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"as","start":9669.67,"end":9669.79},{"text":"exemplified","start":9669.79,"end":9670.47},{"text":"among","start":9670.47,"end":9670.75},{"text":"others","start":9670.75,"end":9671.31},{"text":"through","start":9671.71,"end":9671.87},{"text":"the","start":9671.87,"end":9671.95},{"text":"1955","start":9671.95,"end":9673.07},{"text":"Bandung","start":9673.07,"end":9673.39},{"text":"Principles,","start":9673.39,"end":9674.11},{"text":"the","start":9674.51,"end":9674.63},{"text":"first","start":9674.63,"end":9674.99},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9675.07,"end":9675.47},{"text":"Concord","start":9675.47,"end":9675.91},{"text":"of","start":9675.91,"end":9676.07},{"text":"1976,","start":9676.07,"end":9678.19},{"text":"and","start":9678.59,"end":9678.79},{"text":"the","start":9678.79,"end":9678.87},{"text":"second","start":9678.87,"end":9679.23},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9679.23,"end":9679.55},{"text":"Concord","start":9679.55,"end":9679.95},{"text":"of","start":9679.95,"end":9680.07},{"text":"2012.","start":9680.07,"end":9680.91}]},{"text":"We never believe that power determines justice.","start":9682.03,"end":9684.99,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9682.03,"end":9682.23},{"text":"never","start":9682.23,"end":9682.51},{"text":"believe","start":9682.51,"end":9682.99},{"text":"that","start":9683.07,"end":9683.31},{"text":"power","start":9683.31,"end":9683.79},{"text":"determines","start":9683.87,"end":9684.43},{"text":"justice.","start":9684.43,"end":9684.99}]},{"text":"Instead, we believe that with great power comes even greater responsibility.","start":9685.71,"end":9690.67,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":9685.71,"end":9686.11},{"text":"we","start":9686.11,"end":9686.23},{"text":"believe","start":9686.23,"end":9686.59},{"text":"that","start":9686.59,"end":9686.83},{"text":"with","start":9686.91,"end":9687.15},{"text":"great","start":9687.15,"end":9687.39},{"text":"power","start":9687.39,"end":9687.79},{"text":"comes","start":9688.19,"end":9688.67},{"text":"even","start":9688.75,"end":9688.99},{"text":"greater","start":9688.99,"end":9689.47},{"text":"responsibility.","start":9689.79,"end":9690.67}]},{"text":"Responsibility is to uphold international law without double standard.","start":9691.47,"end":9695.23,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Responsibility","start":9691.47,"end":9692.31},{"text":"is","start":9692.31,"end":9692.43},{"text":"to","start":9692.43,"end":9692.59},{"text":"uphold","start":9692.59,"end":9693.07},{"text":"international","start":9693.07,"end":9693.91},{"text":"law","start":9693.91,"end":9693.99},{"text":"without","start":9694.27,"end":9694.55},{"text":"double","start":9694.55,"end":9694.79},{"text":"standard.","start":9694.79,"end":9695.23}]},{"text":"to embrace others and uphold the principles of equality among nations and peaceful settlement of disputes.","start":9696.23,"end":9702.95,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"to","start":9696.23,"end":9696.27},{"text":"embrace","start":9696.27,"end":9696.71},{"text":"others","start":9696.71,"end":9697.11},{"text":"and","start":9697.11,"end":9697.23},{"text":"uphold","start":9697.23,"end":9697.63},{"text":"the","start":9697.63,"end":9697.71},{"text":"principles","start":9697.71,"end":9698.39},{"text":"of","start":9698.39,"end":9698.71},{"text":"equality","start":9698.71,"end":9699.43},{"text":"among","start":9699.67,"end":9699.87},{"text":"nations","start":9699.87,"end":9700.47},{"text":"and","start":9700.79,"end":9701.03},{"text":"peaceful","start":9701.03,"end":9701.43},{"text":"settlement","start":9701.43,"end":9701.95},{"text":"of","start":9702.07,"end":9702.23},{"text":"disputes.","start":9702.23,"end":9702.95}]},{"text":"In the words of my president, Prabowo Subianto, and I quote, \"We must stand for all, the strong and the weak.","start":9703.83,"end":9709.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9703.83,"end":9703.95},{"text":"the","start":9703.95,"end":9704.03},{"text":"words","start":9704.03,"end":9704.27},{"text":"of","start":9704.27,"end":9704.39},{"text":"my","start":9704.39,"end":9704.55},{"text":"president,","start":9704.55,"end":9705.15},{"text":"Prabowo","start":9705.27,"end":9705.59},{"text":"Subianto,","start":9705.59,"end":9706.19},{"text":"and","start":9706.19,"end":9706.31},{"text":"I","start":9706.31,"end":9706.39},{"text":"quote,","start":9706.39,"end":9706.79},{"text":"\"We","start":9707.27,"end":9707.35},{"text":"must","start":9707.35,"end":9707.63},{"text":"stand","start":9707.63,"end":9707.91},{"text":"for","start":9707.91,"end":9708.11},{"text":"all,","start":9708.11,"end":9708.39},{"text":"the","start":9708.63,"end":9708.79},{"text":"strong","start":9708.79,"end":9709.11},{"text":"and","start":9709.11,"end":9709.23},{"text":"the","start":9709.23,"end":9709.31},{"text":"weak.","start":9709.31,"end":9709.59}]},{"text":"Might cannot be right, right must be right.\"","start":9710.31,"end":9712.79,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Might","start":9710.31,"end":9710.59},{"text":"cannot","start":9710.59,"end":9710.87},{"text":"be","start":9710.87,"end":9711.03},{"text":"right,","start":9711.03,"end":9711.35},{"text":"right","start":9711.83,"end":9712.15},{"text":"must","start":9712.15,"end":9712.43},{"text":"be","start":9712.43,"end":9712.55},{"text":"right.\"","start":9712.55,"end":9712.79}]},{"text":"Therefore, whichever forum of international arrangements Indonesia has decided to join, please rest assured Indonesia will bring our firm commitment to the UN Charter to the table.","start":9714.39,"end":9726.07,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":9714.39,"end":9715.03},{"text":"whichever","start":9715.47,"end":9715.99},{"text":"forum","start":9715.99,"end":9716.39},{"text":"of","start":9716.39,"end":9716.55},{"text":"international","start":9716.55,"end":9717.35},{"text":"arrangements","start":9717.35,"end":9718.07},{"text":"Indonesia","start":9718.07,"end":9718.55},{"text":"has","start":9718.55,"end":9718.75},{"text":"decided","start":9718.75,"end":9719.19},{"text":"to","start":9719.19,"end":9719.35},{"text":"join,","start":9719.35,"end":9719.75},{"text":"please","start":9720.23,"end":9720.47},{"text":"rest","start":9720.47,"end":9720.67},{"text":"assured","start":9720.67,"end":9721.11},{"text":"Indonesia","start":9721.75,"end":9722.23},{"text":"will","start":9722.23,"end":9722.47},{"text":"bring","start":9722.47,"end":9722.87},{"text":"our","start":9723.27,"end":9723.43},{"text":"firm","start":9723.43,"end":9723.71},{"text":"commitment","start":9723.71,"end":9724.27},{"text":"to","start":9724.27,"end":9724.35},{"text":"the","start":9724.35,"end":9724.43},{"text":"UN","start":9724.43,"end":9724.71},{"text":"Charter","start":9724.71,"end":9725.27},{"text":"to","start":9725.43,"end":9725.51},{"text":"the","start":9725.51,"end":9725.63},{"text":"table.","start":9725.63,"end":9726.07}]},{"text":"We will uphold the principles of multilateralism, and we will be the voice of reasons, particularly the voice of developing nations and those left behind.","start":9726.87,"end":9737.87,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9726.87,"end":9726.99},{"text":"will","start":9726.99,"end":9727.19},{"text":"uphold","start":9727.19,"end":9727.75},{"text":"the","start":9728.07,"end":9728.19},{"text":"principles","start":9728.19,"end":9728.95},{"text":"of","start":9728.95,"end":9729.11},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":9729.11,"end":9730.15},{"text":"and","start":9730.79,"end":9731.03},{"text":"we","start":9731.03,"end":9731.15},{"text":"will","start":9731.15,"end":9731.35},{"text":"be","start":9731.35,"end":9731.67},{"text":"the","start":9731.91,"end":9732.07},{"text":"voice","start":9732.07,"end":9732.39},{"text":"of","start":9732.39,"end":9732.55},{"text":"reasons,","start":9732.55,"end":9733.11},{"text":"particularly","start":9733.67,"end":9734.35},{"text":"the","start":9734.35,"end":9734.47},{"text":"voice","start":9734.47,"end":9734.79},{"text":"of","start":9734.79,"end":9734.87},{"text":"developing","start":9734.87,"end":9735.31},{"text":"nations","start":9735.31,"end":9735.91},{"text":"and","start":9736.23,"end":9736.51},{"text":"those","start":9736.51,"end":9736.95},{"text":"left","start":9737.19,"end":9737.43},{"text":"behind.","start":9737.43,"end":9737.87}]},{"text":"Amid that background, I wish to underline two points.","start":9738.95,"end":9741.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Amid","start":9738.95,"end":9739.19},{"text":"that","start":9739.19,"end":9739.35},{"text":"background,","start":9739.35,"end":9739.79},{"text":"I","start":9739.79,"end":9739.83},{"text":"wish","start":9739.83,"end":9739.99},{"text":"to","start":9739.99,"end":9740.11},{"text":"underline","start":9740.11,"end":9740.51},{"text":"two","start":9740.51,"end":9740.67},{"text":"points.","start":9740.67,"end":9741.19}]},{"text":"First, now more than ever, the world must come together to uphold the sanctity of international law.","start":9741.67,"end":9747.03,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":9741.67,"end":9741.99},{"text":"now","start":9742.31,"end":9742.55},{"text":"more","start":9742.55,"end":9742.79},{"text":"than","start":9742.79,"end":9743.03},{"text":"ever,","start":9743.03,"end":9743.39},{"text":"the","start":9743.39,"end":9743.51},{"text":"world","start":9743.51,"end":9743.83},{"text":"must","start":9743.83,"end":9744.03},{"text":"come","start":9744.03,"end":9744.23},{"text":"together","start":9744.23,"end":9744.71},{"text":"to","start":9744.71,"end":9744.83},{"text":"uphold","start":9744.83,"end":9745.27},{"text":"the","start":9745.27,"end":9745.35},{"text":"sanctity","start":9745.35,"end":9745.95},{"text":"of","start":9745.95,"end":9746.07},{"text":"international","start":9746.07,"end":9746.95},{"text":"law.","start":9746.95,"end":9747.03}]},{"text":"Indonesia has repeatedly underlined that a la carte implementation of international law will never work.","start":9748.15,"end":9754.59,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":9748.15,"end":9748.67},{"text":"has","start":9748.67,"end":9748.83},{"text":"repeatedly","start":9748.83,"end":9749.39},{"text":"underlined","start":9749.39,"end":9749.99},{"text":"that","start":9749.99,"end":9750.27},{"text":"a","start":9750.43,"end":9750.47},{"text":"la","start":9750.47,"end":9750.71},{"text":"carte","start":9750.71,"end":9750.99},{"text":"implementation","start":9750.99,"end":9751.79},{"text":"of","start":9751.79,"end":9751.95},{"text":"international","start":9751.95,"end":9752.83},{"text":"law","start":9752.83,"end":9752.91},{"text":"will","start":9753.31,"end":9753.47},{"text":"never","start":9753.47,"end":9753.95},{"text":"work.","start":9754.03,"end":9754.59}]},{"text":"Instead, it will open a dangerous Pandora's box.","start":9755.39,"end":9758.27,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":9755.39,"end":9755.91},{"text":"it","start":9755.91,"end":9756.07},{"text":"will","start":9756.07,"end":9756.19},{"text":"open","start":9756.19,"end":9756.67},{"text":"a","start":9756.67,"end":9756.75},{"text":"dangerous","start":9756.75,"end":9757.31},{"text":"Pandora's","start":9757.31,"end":9757.79},{"text":"box.","start":9757.79,"end":9758.27}]},{"text":"Expectations are high that the Council can effectively serve as a bastion of international law.","start":9759.07,"end":9764.43,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Expectations","start":9759.07,"end":9759.87},{"text":"are","start":9759.87,"end":9760.03},{"text":"high","start":9760.03,"end":9760.35},{"text":"that","start":9760.35,"end":9760.47},{"text":"the","start":9760.47,"end":9760.59},{"text":"Council","start":9760.59,"end":9760.99},{"text":"can","start":9760.99,"end":9761.15},{"text":"effectively","start":9761.15,"end":9761.79},{"text":"serve","start":9761.79,"end":9762.19},{"text":"as","start":9762.67,"end":9762.83},{"text":"a","start":9762.83,"end":9762.91},{"text":"bastion","start":9762.91,"end":9763.39},{"text":"of","start":9763.39,"end":9763.47},{"text":"international","start":9763.47,"end":9764.35},{"text":"law.","start":9764.35,"end":9764.43}]},{"text":"Placing international law at the heart of the Council's every decision will enable the Council to rise above the paralysis that has become, unfortunately, more evident in recent years.","start":9765.23,"end":9776.67,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Placing","start":9765.23,"end":9765.63},{"text":"international","start":9765.63,"end":9766.51},{"text":"law","start":9766.51,"end":9766.59},{"text":"at","start":9766.67,"end":9766.79},{"text":"the","start":9766.79,"end":9766.91},{"text":"heart","start":9766.91,"end":9767.15},{"text":"of","start":9767.15,"end":9767.23},{"text":"the","start":9767.27,"end":9767.35},{"text":"Council's","start":9767.35,"end":9767.87},{"text":"every","start":9767.87,"end":9768.19},{"text":"decision","start":9768.19,"end":9768.83},{"text":"will","start":9769.31,"end":9769.47},{"text":"enable","start":9769.47,"end":9769.87},{"text":"the","start":9769.87,"end":9769.95},{"text":"Council","start":9769.95,"end":9770.35},{"text":"to","start":9770.35,"end":9770.47},{"text":"rise","start":9770.47,"end":9770.83},{"text":"above","start":9770.83,"end":9771.15},{"text":"the","start":9771.15,"end":9771.23},{"text":"paralysis","start":9771.23,"end":9772.03},{"text":"that","start":9772.59,"end":9772.99},{"text":"has","start":9773.23,"end":9773.55},{"text":"become,","start":9773.55,"end":9773.91},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":9773.91,"end":9774.67},{"text":"more","start":9774.67,"end":9774.91},{"text":"evident","start":9774.91,"end":9775.43},{"text":"in","start":9775.71,"end":9775.91},{"text":"recent","start":9775.91,"end":9776.27},{"text":"years.","start":9776.27,"end":9776.67}]},{"text":"paralysis that unfortunately has allowed some grave humanitarian situations unanswered in Gaza and some other parts of the world.","start":9777.63,"end":9785.31,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"paralysis","start":9777.63,"end":9778.15},{"text":"that","start":9778.15,"end":9778.35},{"text":"unfortunately","start":9778.35,"end":9779.15},{"text":"has","start":9779.15,"end":9779.31},{"text":"allowed","start":9779.31,"end":9779.67},{"text":"some","start":9780.15,"end":9780.47},{"text":"grave","start":9780.47,"end":9780.71},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9780.71,"end":9781.43},{"text":"situations","start":9781.43,"end":9782.07},{"text":"unanswered","start":9782.07,"end":9782.71},{"text":"in","start":9783.27,"end":9783.43},{"text":"Gaza","start":9783.43,"end":9783.91},{"text":"and","start":9784.07,"end":9784.23},{"text":"some","start":9784.23,"end":9784.43},{"text":"other","start":9784.43,"end":9784.63},{"text":"parts","start":9784.63,"end":9784.87},{"text":"of","start":9784.87,"end":9784.95},{"text":"the","start":9784.95,"end":9785.07},{"text":"world.","start":9785.07,"end":9785.31}]},{"text":"Placing international law at heart means the Council will ensure accountability across all situations without exception.","start":9786.63,"end":9794.55,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Placing","start":9786.63,"end":9787.07},{"text":"international","start":9787.07,"end":9787.71},{"text":"law","start":9787.71,"end":9787.83},{"text":"at","start":9787.83,"end":9787.99},{"text":"heart","start":9787.99,"end":9788.39},{"text":"means","start":9788.79,"end":9789.03},{"text":"the","start":9789.03,"end":9789.19},{"text":"Council","start":9789.19,"end":9789.67},{"text":"will","start":9789.67,"end":9789.95},{"text":"ensure","start":9789.95,"end":9790.47},{"text":"accountability","start":9790.47,"end":9791.35},{"text":"across","start":9791.67,"end":9792.15},{"text":"all","start":9792.23,"end":9792.47},{"text":"situations","start":9792.47,"end":9793.19},{"text":"without","start":9793.51,"end":9793.91},{"text":"exception.","start":9793.91,"end":9794.55}]},{"text":"We call for every veto cast in the Council to be accompanied by legal justification, thus reaffirming that its exercise is subject to legal responsibility.","start":9796.15,"end":9805.75,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9796.15,"end":9796.31},{"text":"call","start":9796.31,"end":9796.59},{"text":"for","start":9796.59,"end":9796.79},{"text":"every","start":9796.79,"end":9797.03},{"text":"veto","start":9797.03,"end":9797.43},{"text":"cast","start":9797.43,"end":9797.67},{"text":"in","start":9797.67,"end":9797.75},{"text":"the","start":9797.75,"end":9797.83},{"text":"Council","start":9797.83,"end":9798.47},{"text":"to","start":9798.47,"end":9798.55},{"text":"be","start":9798.55,"end":9798.67},{"text":"accompanied","start":9798.67,"end":9799.19},{"text":"by","start":9799.19,"end":9799.51},{"text":"legal","start":9799.75,"end":9799.99},{"text":"justification,","start":9799.99,"end":9800.87},{"text":"thus","start":9801.75,"end":9802.15},{"text":"reaffirming","start":9802.23,"end":9802.95},{"text":"that","start":9802.95,"end":9803.19},{"text":"its","start":9803.19,"end":9803.43},{"text":"exercise","start":9803.43,"end":9804.07},{"text":"is","start":9804.07,"end":9804.15},{"text":"subject","start":9804.15,"end":9804.55},{"text":"to","start":9804.55,"end":9804.63},{"text":"legal","start":9804.63,"end":9804.91},{"text":"responsibility.","start":9804.91,"end":9805.75}]},{"text":"Further, the Council should also serve as a critical intermediary for dispute settlement, bridging political dialogue and judicial resolution before recourse to the ICJ.","start":9806.99,"end":9816.35,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Further,","start":9806.99,"end":9807.31},{"text":"the","start":9807.31,"end":9807.39},{"text":"Council","start":9807.39,"end":9807.79},{"text":"should","start":9807.79,"end":9808.03},{"text":"also","start":9808.03,"end":9808.35},{"text":"serve","start":9808.35,"end":9808.75},{"text":"as","start":9809.23,"end":9809.39},{"text":"a","start":9809.39,"end":9809.43},{"text":"critical","start":9809.43,"end":9809.87},{"text":"intermediary","start":9809.87,"end":9810.75},{"text":"for","start":9810.75,"end":9810.91},{"text":"dispute","start":9810.91,"end":9811.27},{"text":"settlement,","start":9811.27,"end":9811.79},{"text":"bridging","start":9812.27,"end":9812.71},{"text":"political","start":9812.71,"end":9813.15},{"text":"dialogue","start":9813.15,"end":9813.59},{"text":"and","start":9813.63,"end":9813.83},{"text":"judicial","start":9813.83,"end":9814.27},{"text":"resolution","start":9814.27,"end":9814.91},{"text":"before","start":9814.91,"end":9815.15},{"text":"recourse","start":9815.15,"end":9815.55},{"text":"to","start":9815.55,"end":9815.63},{"text":"the","start":9815.67,"end":9815.75},{"text":"ICJ.","start":9815.75,"end":9816.35}]},{"text":"Second, amid imperfections in the multilateral system, we should come together to improve it.","start":9817.71,"end":9822.31,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":9817.71,"end":9818.11},{"text":"amid","start":9818.35,"end":9818.75},{"text":"imperfections","start":9818.75,"end":9819.47},{"text":"in","start":9819.47,"end":9819.59},{"text":"the","start":9819.59,"end":9819.67},{"text":"multilateral","start":9819.67,"end":9820.27},{"text":"system,","start":9820.27,"end":9820.67},{"text":"we","start":9820.67,"end":9820.83},{"text":"should","start":9820.83,"end":9821.07},{"text":"come","start":9821.07,"end":9821.31},{"text":"together","start":9821.31,"end":9821.67},{"text":"to","start":9821.67,"end":9821.75},{"text":"improve","start":9821.75,"end":9822.19},{"text":"it.","start":9822.19,"end":9822.31}]},{"text":"Imperfections should not lead to retreating from the multilateral system.","start":9823.31,"end":9828.03,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Imperfections","start":9823.31,"end":9824.15},{"text":"should","start":9824.15,"end":9824.31},{"text":"not","start":9824.31,"end":9824.51},{"text":"lead","start":9824.51,"end":9824.75},{"text":"to","start":9825.39,"end":9825.59},{"text":"retreating","start":9825.59,"end":9826.71},{"text":"from","start":9826.71,"end":9826.91},{"text":"the","start":9826.91,"end":9826.99},{"text":"multilateral","start":9826.99,"end":9827.51},{"text":"system.","start":9827.51,"end":9828.03}]},{"text":"It should lead to reform through genuine engagement.","start":9828.67,"end":9831.27,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9828.67,"end":9828.83},{"text":"should","start":9828.83,"end":9828.95},{"text":"lead","start":9828.95,"end":9829.23},{"text":"to","start":9829.23,"end":9829.43},{"text":"reform","start":9829.43,"end":9829.87},{"text":"through","start":9830.03,"end":9830.23},{"text":"genuine","start":9830.23,"end":9830.59},{"text":"engagement.","start":9830.59,"end":9831.27}]},{"text":"Worth highlighting also the need for a stronger and mutually reinforcing process among UN organs to ensure effective implementation of international law.","start":9832.43,"end":9840.95,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Worth","start":9832.43,"end":9832.63},{"text":"highlighting","start":9832.63,"end":9833.15},{"text":"also","start":9833.15,"end":9833.55},{"text":"the","start":9833.55,"end":9833.63},{"text":"need","start":9833.63,"end":9833.95},{"text":"for","start":9833.95,"end":9834.15},{"text":"a","start":9834.15,"end":9834.19},{"text":"stronger","start":9834.19,"end":9834.75},{"text":"and","start":9834.75,"end":9834.99},{"text":"mutually","start":9834.99,"end":9835.55},{"text":"reinforcing","start":9835.55,"end":9836.11},{"text":"process","start":9836.11,"end":9836.67},{"text":"among","start":9837.15,"end":9837.55},{"text":"UN","start":9837.55,"end":9837.79},{"text":"organs","start":9837.79,"end":9838.23},{"text":"to","start":9838.23,"end":9838.35},{"text":"ensure","start":9838.35,"end":9838.67},{"text":"effective","start":9838.67,"end":9839.07},{"text":"implementation","start":9839.07,"end":9839.87},{"text":"of","start":9839.87,"end":9840.03},{"text":"international","start":9840.03,"end":9840.87},{"text":"law.","start":9840.87,"end":9840.95}]},{"text":"Having regular substantive dialogue between the Security Council with the General Assembly and the ICJ, as well as with regional organizations, will help to ensure that international law prevails in all conflict situation.","start":9842.03,"end":9854.43,"topics":[{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Having","start":9842.03,"end":9842.43},{"text":"regular","start":9842.43,"end":9842.99},{"text":"substantive","start":9842.99,"end":9843.55},{"text":"dialogue","start":9843.55,"end":9843.99},{"text":"between","start":9844.35,"end":9844.67},{"text":"the","start":9844.67,"end":9844.75},{"text":"Security","start":9844.75,"end":9845.19},{"text":"Council","start":9845.19,"end":9845.63},{"text":"with","start":9845.63,"end":9845.79},{"text":"the","start":9845.79,"end":9845.87},{"text":"General","start":9845.87,"end":9846.23},{"text":"Assembly","start":9846.23,"end":9846.63},{"text":"and","start":9846.63,"end":9846.79},{"text":"the","start":9846.79,"end":9846.87},{"text":"ICJ,","start":9846.87,"end":9847.55},{"text":"as","start":9847.87,"end":9848.07},{"text":"well","start":9848.07,"end":9848.27},{"text":"as","start":9848.27,"end":9848.43},{"text":"with","start":9848.43,"end":9848.59},{"text":"regional","start":9848.59,"end":9848.95},{"text":"organizations,","start":9848.95,"end":9849.87},{"text":"will","start":9850.11,"end":9850.35},{"text":"help","start":9850.35,"end":9850.59},{"text":"to","start":9850.59,"end":9850.67},{"text":"ensure","start":9850.67,"end":9851.07},{"text":"that","start":9851.07,"end":9851.31},{"text":"international","start":9851.31,"end":9851.91},{"text":"law","start":9851.91,"end":9852.11},{"text":"prevails","start":9852.11,"end":9852.75},{"text":"in","start":9853.15,"end":9853.31},{"text":"all","start":9853.31,"end":9853.47},{"text":"conflict","start":9853.47,"end":9853.87},{"text":"situation.","start":9853.87,"end":9854.43}]},{"text":"As the President, Indonesia will never rely on a broken multilateral system, nor entrust our future to a world that defies international law.","start":9855.91,"end":9863.91,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9855.91,"end":9855.99},{"text":"the","start":9855.99,"end":9856.07},{"text":"President,","start":9856.07,"end":9856.59},{"text":"Indonesia","start":9856.59,"end":9857.07},{"text":"will","start":9857.07,"end":9857.23},{"text":"never","start":9857.23,"end":9857.51},{"text":"rely","start":9857.51,"end":9857.91},{"text":"on","start":9857.91,"end":9858.03},{"text":"a","start":9858.03,"end":9858.11},{"text":"broken","start":9858.11,"end":9858.51},{"text":"multilateral","start":9858.51,"end":9859.07},{"text":"system,","start":9859.07,"end":9859.55},{"text":"nor","start":9859.95,"end":9860.19},{"text":"entrust","start":9860.19,"end":9860.79},{"text":"our","start":9860.79,"end":9860.99},{"text":"future","start":9860.99,"end":9861.47},{"text":"to","start":9861.87,"end":9861.99},{"text":"a","start":9861.99,"end":9862.03},{"text":"world","start":9862.03,"end":9862.39},{"text":"that","start":9862.39,"end":9862.51},{"text":"defies","start":9862.51,"end":9862.95},{"text":"international","start":9862.95,"end":9863.83},{"text":"law.","start":9863.83,"end":9863.91}]},{"text":"We will continue to work with all to reform the multilateral system to be more effective in maintaining international peace and security, one that is based on the principles of multilateralism and shared responsibility to uphold international rule of law.","start":9864.35,"end":9879.63,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. 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importance of its theme in the current international 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thank the distinguished briefers for their insightful comments.","start":9912.43,"end":9916.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9912.43,"end":9912.59},{"text":"thank","start":9912.59,"end":9912.95},{"text":"the","start":9912.95,"end":9913.03},{"text":"distinguished","start":9913.03,"end":9913.79},{"text":"briefers","start":9913.79,"end":9914.23},{"text":"for","start":9914.35,"end":9914.51},{"text":"their","start":9914.51,"end":9914.83},{"text":"insightful","start":9914.83,"end":9915.47},{"text":"comments.","start":9915.47,"end":9916.11}]},{"text":"South Africa has always believed in the international rule of law with the United Nations Charter at its core.","start":9916.83,"end":9925.87,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"South","start":9916.83,"end":9917.15},{"text":"Africa","start":9917.15,"end":9917.67},{"text":"has","start":9917.67,"end":9917.87},{"text":"always","start":9917.87,"end":9918.43},{"text":"believed","start":9918.43,"end":9919.03},{"text":"in","start":9919.03,"end":9919.19},{"text":"the","start":9919.19,"end":9919.27},{"text":"international","start":9919.27,"end":9920.35},{"text":"rule","start":9920.67,"end":9921.03},{"text":"of","start":9921.03,"end":9921.23},{"text":"law","start":9921.23,"end":9921.71},{"text":"with","start":9922.83,"end":9923.11},{"text":"the","start":9923.39,"end":9923.59},{"text":"United","start":9923.59,"end":9924.07},{"text":"Nations","start":9924.07,"end":9924.59},{"text":"Charter","start":9924.59,"end":9924.99},{"text":"at","start":9924.99,"end":9925.31},{"text":"its","start":9925.31,"end":9925.47},{"text":"core.","start":9925.47,"end":9925.87}]},{"text":"An international system based on the fundamental legal principles of the sovereign equality of states, territorial integrity, and political independence inherently benefits all nations, large and small.","start":9925.87,"end":9944.51,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9945.23,"end":9945.47},{"text":"has","start":9945.47,"end":9945.63},{"text":"led","start":9945.63,"end":9945.91},{"text":"to","start":9945.91,"end":9946.11},{"text":"the","start":9946.11,"end":9946.27},{"text":"prohibition","start":9946.27,"end":9947.15},{"text":"of","start":9947.15,"end":9947.39},{"text":"interventions","start":9947.39,"end":9948.35},{"text":"in","start":9948.35,"end":9948.51},{"text":"the","start":9948.51,"end":9948.59},{"text":"internal","start":9948.59,"end":9949.27},{"text":"or","start":9949.27,"end":9949.35},{"text":"external","start":9949.35,"end":9950.03},{"text":"affairs","start":9950.03,"end":9950.67},{"text":"of","start":9950.67,"end":9950.83},{"text":"other","start":9950.83,"end":9951.15},{"text":"states,","start":9951.15,"end":9951.71},{"text":"the","start":9952.51,"end":9952.67},{"text":"prohibition","start":9952.67,"end":9953.39},{"text":"of","start":9953.39,"end":9953.55},{"text":"the","start":9953.55,"end":9953.67},{"text":"use","start":9953.67,"end":9953.95},{"text":"of","start":9953.95,"end":9954.07},{"text":"force","start":9954.07,"end":9954.51},{"text":"that","start":9954.51,"end":9954.75},{"text":"is","start":9954.75,"end":9954.91},{"text":"not","start":9954.91,"end":9955.15},{"text":"in","start":9955.15,"end":9955.31},{"text":"line","start":9955.31,"end":9955.71},{"text":"with","start":9955.71,"end":9955.87},{"text":"Article","start":9955.87,"end":9956.35},{"text":"51","start":9956.35,"end":9957.15},{"text":"of","start":9957.63,"end":9957.87},{"text":"the","start":9957.87,"end":9957.95},{"text":"Charter","start":9957.95,"end":9958.51},{"text":"or","start":9958.51,"end":9958.67},{"text":"duly","start":9958.67,"end":9959.07},{"text":"authorized","start":9959.07,"end":9959.75},{"text":"by","start":9959.75,"end":9959.95},{"text":"this","start":9959.95,"end":9960.19},{"text":"Council,","start":9960.19,"end":9960.83},{"text":"obligations","start":9961.71,"end":9962.59},{"text":"to","start":9962.59,"end":9962.83},{"text":"respect","start":9962.83,"end":9963.47},{"text":"and","start":9963.47,"end":9963.67},{"text":"implement","start":9963.67,"end":9964.31},{"text":"treaties","start":9964.31,"end":9964.91},{"text":"in","start":9964.91,"end":9965.15},{"text":"good","start":9965.15,"end":9965.39},{"text":"faith,","start":9965.39,"end":9965.79},{"text":"cooperation","start":9966.43,"end":9967.47},{"text":"among","start":9967.47,"end":9967.87},{"text":"states,","start":9967.87,"end":9968.43},{"text":"the","start":9969.67,"end":9969.71},{"text":"peaceful","start":9969.71,"end":9970.23},{"text":"settlement","start":9970.23,"end":9971.03},{"text":"of","start":9971.07,"end":9971.19},{"text":"disputes,","start":9971.19,"end":9971.91},{"text":"as","start":9972.31,"end":9972.55},{"text":"well","start":9972.55,"end":9972.79},{"text":"as","start":9972.79,"end":9972.91},{"text":"respect","start":9972.91,"end":9973.51},{"text":"for","start":9973.51,"end":9973.67},{"text":"human","start":9973.67,"end":9973.99},{"text":"rights","start":9973.99,"end":9974.47},{"text":"and","start":9974.47,"end":9974.63},{"text":"the","start":9974.63,"end":9974.71},{"text":"self","start":9974.71,"end":9975.03},{"text":"determination","start":9975.03,"end":9975.99},{"text":"of","start":9975.99,"end":9976.15},{"text":"peoples.","start":9976.15,"end":9976.71}]},{"text":"Furthermore, it has provided a framework for development by defending the vulnerable against exploitation and coercion.","start":9977.43,"end":9986.55,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9987.27,"end":9987.59},{"text":"therefore","start":9987.59,"end":9988.11},{"text":"reaffirm","start":9988.11,"end":9988.79},{"text":"our","start":9988.79,"end":9989.03},{"text":"commitment","start":9989.03,"end":9989.71},{"text":"to","start":9989.71,"end":9989.79},{"text":"the","start":9989.79,"end":9989.99},{"text":"rule","start":9989.99,"end":9990.23},{"text":"of","start":9990.23,"end":9990.39},{"text":"law,","start":9990.39,"end":9990.79},{"text":"as","start":9991.27,"end":9991.51},{"text":"well","start":9991.51,"end":9991.83},{"text":"as","start":9991.83,"end":9992.07},{"text":"the","start":9992.07,"end":9992.23},{"text":"principles","start":9992.23,"end":9993.03},{"text":"enshrined","start":9993.03,"end":9994.27},{"text":"in","start":9994.27,"end":9994.39},{"text":"the","start":9994.39,"end":9994.51},{"text":"UN","start":9994.51,"end":9994.87},{"text":"Charter.","start":9994.87,"end":9995.43}]},{"text":"The debate today aimed at reaffirming the international rule of law is therefore very opportune given the current geopolitical developments largely characterised by the wanton disregard for international law, a deficit of trust among nations, erosion of the spirit of cooperation and the inability of the institution, especially the UN Security Council, to act when required.","start":9996.19,"end":10024.83,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10025.55,"end":10025.63},{"text":"therefore","start":10025.63,"end":10026.19},{"text":"appreciate","start":10026.19,"end":10026.91},{"text":"Somalia's","start":10026.91,"end":10027.63},{"text":"leadership","start":10027.63,"end":10028.27},{"text":"on","start":10028.27,"end":10028.43},{"text":"this","start":10028.43,"end":10028.75},{"text":"issue,","start":10028.75,"end":10029.23},{"text":"building","start":10029.79,"end":10030.35},{"text":"on","start":10030.35,"end":10030.51},{"text":"the","start":10030.51,"end":10030.67},{"text":"Security","start":10030.67,"end":10031.31},{"text":"Council","start":10031.31,"end":10031.95},{"text":"Presidential","start":10032.19,"end":10032.99},{"text":"Statement","start":10032.99,"end":10033.79},{"text":"PRST/2014/5.","start":10034.67,"end":10037.31}]},{"text":"Mr. President, when countries ignore the Charter and act contrary to the central premise, it undermines the credibility of the entire system within which we all undertake our international relations.","start":10038.03,"end":10053.47,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":10148.95,"end":10149.55},{"text":"Mr.","start":10149.55,"end":10149.91},{"text":"President,","start":10149.91,"end":10150.79},{"text":"we","start":10151.19,"end":10151.43},{"text":"must","start":10151.43,"end":10151.71},{"text":"be","start":10151.71,"end":10151.83},{"text":"clear","start":10151.91,"end":10152.31},{"text":"that","start":10152.31,"end":10152.55},{"text":"the","start":10152.55,"end":10152.67},{"text":"violations","start":10152.67,"end":10153.43},{"text":"of","start":10153.43,"end":10153.51},{"text":"international","start":10153.51,"end":10154.59},{"text":"law","start":10154.59,"end":10154.67},{"text":"are","start":10155.19,"end":10155.27},{"text":"the","start":10155.27,"end":10155.39},{"text":"exception","start":10155.39,"end":10156.23},{"text":"to","start":10156.23,"end":10156.35},{"text":"the","start":10156.35,"end":10156.47},{"text":"normative","start":10156.47,"end":10157.03},{"text":"progress","start":10157.03,"end":10157.75},{"text":"we","start":10157.75,"end":10157.95},{"text":"have","start":10157.95,"end":10158.15},{"text":"all","start":10158.19,"end":10158.39},{"text":"made.","start":10158.39,"end":10158.87}]},{"text":"Therefore, it is incumbent on all of us to ensure accountability for gross violations which threaten all of us.","start":10159.47,"end":10168.67,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":10159.47,"end":10159.87},{"text":"it","start":10159.87,"end":10160.03},{"text":"is","start":10160.03,"end":10160.19},{"text":"incumbent","start":10160.19,"end":10160.99},{"text":"on","start":10161.23,"end":10161.47},{"text":"all","start":10161.47,"end":10161.63},{"text":"of","start":10161.63,"end":10161.79},{"text":"us","start":10161.87,"end":10162.19},{"text":"to","start":10162.67,"end":10162.79},{"text":"ensure","start":10162.83,"end":10163.39},{"text":"accountability","start":10163.39,"end":10164.51},{"text":"for","start":10164.67,"end":10164.91},{"text":"gross","start":10164.91,"end":10165.35},{"text":"violations","start":10165.35,"end":10166.19},{"text":"which","start":10166.67,"end":10166.99},{"text":"threaten","start":10167.15,"end":10167.87},{"text":"all","start":10167.87,"end":10168.19},{"text":"of","start":10168.19,"end":10168.35},{"text":"us.","start":10168.47,"end":10168.67}]},{"text":"A precedent of impunity for those wielding unrestrained power is a dangerous one which threatens the very bedrock of international peace and security.","start":10170.03,"end":10181.47,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10192.35,"end":10192.59},{"text":"I","start":10192.59,"end":10192.67},{"text":"conclude,","start":10192.67,"end":10193.39},{"text":"Mr.","start":10193.55,"end":10193.87},{"text":"President,","start":10193.87,"end":10194.63},{"text":"South","start":10194.63,"end":10194.91},{"text":"Africa","start":10194.91,"end":10195.55},{"text":"aligns","start":10195.87,"end":10196.31},{"text":"itself","start":10196.31,"end":10196.75},{"text":"with","start":10196.75,"end":10196.87},{"text":"the","start":10196.87,"end":10196.99},{"text":"statement","start":10196.99,"end":10197.67},{"text":"to","start":10197.67,"end":10197.75},{"text":"be","start":10197.75,"end":10197.87},{"text":"delivered","start":10197.87,"end":10198.75},{"text":"by","start":10198.75,"end":10198.99},{"text":"Austria","start":10198.99,"end":10199.63},{"text":"on","start":10200.03,"end":10200.19},{"text":"behalf","start":10200.19,"end":10200.59},{"text":"of","start":10200.59,"end":10200.71},{"text":"the","start":10200.71,"end":10200.83},{"text":"Group","start":10200.83,"end":10201.15},{"text":"of","start":10201.15,"end":10201.23},{"text":"Friends","start":10201.23,"end":10201.87},{"text":"of","start":10202.55,"end":10202.67},{"text":"the","start":10202.67,"end":10202.75},{"text":"Rule","start":10202.75,"end":10202.99},{"text":"of","start":10202.99,"end":10203.15},{"text":"Law.","start":10203.23,"end":10203.55}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":10203.63,"end":10204.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10203.63,"end":10203.79},{"text":"thank","start":10203.79,"end":10204.15},{"text":"you.","start":10204.15,"end":10204.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ZAF","affiliation_full":"South Africa","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":53,"start":10205.39,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=10206","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of South Africa for her statement, and now give the floor to the representative of Germany.","start":10205.39,"end":10212.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10205.39,"end":10205.55},{"text":"thank","start":10205.55,"end":10205.95},{"text":"the","start":10205.95,"end":10206.03},{"text":"representative","start":10206.03,"end":10206.75},{"text":"of","start":10207.31,"end":10207.39},{"text":"South","start":10207.39,"end":10207.55},{"text":"Africa","start":10207.59,"end":10208.11},{"text":"for","start":10208.51,"end":10208.71},{"text":"her","start":10208.71,"end":10208.87},{"text":"statement,","start":10208.87,"end":10209.55},{"text":"and","start":10209.71,"end":10209.83},{"text":"now","start":10209.83,"end":10209.95},{"text":"give","start":10209.95,"end":10210.11},{"text":"the","start":10210.11,"end":10210.23},{"text":"floor","start":10210.23,"end":10210.67},{"text":"to","start":10210.71,"end":10210.79},{"text":"the","start":10211.11,"end":10211.19},{"text":"representative","start":10211.19,"end":10211.95},{"text":"of","start":10211.95,"end":10212.03},{"text":"Germany.","start":10212.03,"end":10212.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":54,"start":10214.47,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=10215","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, I would like to first commend Somalia for organizing this timely and important debate, and thank the Chairperson of the AU Commission, as well as Judge Yusuf and the Secretary-General for their important contributions.","start":10214.47,"end":10229.47,"topics":[{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10230.11,"end":10230.27},{"text":"rule","start":10230.27,"end":10230.47},{"text":"of","start":10230.47,"end":10230.59},{"text":"law","start":10230.59,"end":10231.03},{"text":"lies","start":10231.07,"end":10231.43},{"text":"at","start":10231.43,"end":10231.51},{"text":"the","start":10231.51,"end":10231.59},{"text":"very","start":10231.59,"end":10231.87},{"text":"heart","start":10231.87,"end":10232.15},{"text":"of","start":10232.15,"end":10232.27},{"text":"the","start":10232.27,"end":10232.35},{"text":"international","start":10232.35,"end":10232.99},{"text":"order,","start":10232.99,"end":10233.39},{"text":"and","start":10233.63,"end":10233.79},{"text":"if","start":10233.79,"end":10233.87},{"text":"we","start":10233.87,"end":10234.03},{"text":"do","start":10234.03,"end":10234.19},{"text":"not","start":10234.19,"end":10234.43},{"text":"adhere","start":10234.43,"end":10234.99},{"text":"to","start":10234.99,"end":10235.11},{"text":"international","start":10235.11,"end":10235.75},{"text":"law,","start":10235.75,"end":10235.87},{"text":"trust","start":10235.87,"end":10236.43},{"text":"between","start":10236.43,"end":10236.83},{"text":"states","start":10236.83,"end":10237.31},{"text":"will","start":10237.31,"end":10237.79},{"text":"inevitably","start":10237.79,"end":10238.59},{"text":"erode.","start":10238.83,"end":10239.31}]},{"text":"And if there's no accountability for serious crimes within states, societies will not be able to achieve sustainable peace.","start":10240.27,"end":10247.99,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security 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international law with all the conflicts that we're seeing?","start":10249.03,"end":10253.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":10249.03,"end":10249.19},{"text":"how","start":10249.19,"end":10249.43},{"text":"do","start":10249.43,"end":10249.59},{"text":"we","start":10249.59,"end":10249.99},{"text":"strengthen","start":10250.07,"end":10250.63},{"text":"international","start":10250.63,"end":10251.43},{"text":"law","start":10251.43,"end":10251.51},{"text":"with","start":10251.75,"end":10251.91},{"text":"all","start":10251.91,"end":10252.11},{"text":"the","start":10252.11,"end":10252.23},{"text":"conflicts","start":10252.23,"end":10252.87},{"text":"that","start":10252.87,"end":10253.03},{"text":"we're","start":10253.03,"end":10253.23},{"text":"seeing?","start":10253.23,"end":10253.59}]},{"text":"We strengthen it by learning from the past, building on successes that we've seen and made, by enhancing knowledge about the significance of international law, and by working concretely on its 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I would like to be very concrete in the following points.","start":10266.11,"end":10269.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10266.11,"end":10266.31},{"text":"I","start":10266.31,"end":10266.35},{"text":"would","start":10266.35,"end":10266.55},{"text":"like","start":10266.55,"end":10266.79},{"text":"to","start":10266.79,"end":10266.87},{"text":"be","start":10266.87,"end":10267.11},{"text":"very","start":10267.11,"end":10267.35},{"text":"concrete","start":10267.35,"end":10268.55},{"text":"in","start":10268.55,"end":10268.67},{"text":"the","start":10268.67,"end":10268.75},{"text":"following","start":10268.75,"end":10269.19},{"text":"points.","start":10269.19,"end":10269.59}]},{"text":"First, the deliberations last week in the Preparatory Committee for the Convention on Crimes Against Humanity underlined that unlike genocide and war crimes, Crimes against humanity are not yet governed by a universal treaty dedicated to their prevention and punishment, and Germany firmly believes 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These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Certainty","start":10347.75,"end":10348.39},{"text":"about","start":10348.39,"end":10348.95},{"text":"borders","start":10349.91,"end":10350.55},{"text":"can","start":10350.55,"end":10350.79},{"text":"avoid","start":10350.79,"end":10351.19},{"text":"conflict,","start":10351.19,"end":10351.67},{"text":"war,","start":10351.67,"end":10351.91},{"text":"and","start":10351.91,"end":10352.07},{"text":"suffering.","start":10352.07,"end":10352.55}]},{"text":"And I would like to highlight the African Union Border Program, which is, as many of you undoubtedly know, a delimitation and demarcation project to clarify legally and factually the exact line of over 9,000 kilometers of borders between several countries in Africa.","start":10352.95,"end":10370.87,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10352.95,"end":10353.07},{"text":"I","start":10353.07,"end":10353.15},{"text":"would","start":10353.15,"end":10353.27},{"text":"like","start":10353.27,"end":10353.47},{"text":"to","start":10353.47,"end":10353.87},{"text":"highlight","start":10354.19,"end":10354.83},{"text":"the","start":10355.39,"end":10355.59},{"text":"African","start":10355.59,"end":10356.03},{"text":"Union","start":10356.03,"end":10356.43},{"text":"Border","start":10356.43,"end":10356.75},{"text":"Program,","start":10356.75,"end":10357.39},{"text":"which","start":10358.63,"end":10358.99},{"text":"is,","start":10358.99,"end":10359.47},{"text":"as","start":10359.55,"end":10359.79},{"text":"many","start":10359.79,"end":10360.03},{"text":"of","start":10360.03,"end":10360.19},{"text":"you","start":10360.19,"end":10360.43},{"text":"undoubtedly","start":10360.43,"end":10361.07},{"text":"know,","start":10361.07,"end":10361.39},{"text":"a","start":10361.39,"end":10361.43},{"text":"delimitation","start":10361.43,"end":10362.19},{"text":"and","start":10362.19,"end":10362.31},{"text":"demarcation","start":10362.31,"end":10362.83},{"text":"project","start":10362.83,"end":10363.35},{"text":"to","start":10363.39,"end":10363.55},{"text":"clarify","start":10363.55,"end":10364.11},{"text":"legally","start":10364.11,"end":10364.55},{"text":"and","start":10364.55,"end":10364.67},{"text":"factually","start":10364.67,"end":10365.39},{"text":"the","start":10365.39,"end":10365.51},{"text":"exact","start":10365.51,"end":10365.91},{"text":"line","start":10365.91,"end":10366.27},{"text":"of","start":10366.27,"end":10366.43},{"text":"over","start":10366.51,"end":10366.71},{"text":"9,000","start":10366.71,"end":10367.39},{"text":"kilometers","start":10367.39,"end":10368.03},{"text":"of","start":10368.39,"end":10368.59},{"text":"borders","start":10368.59,"end":10369.07},{"text":"between","start":10369.07,"end":10369.47},{"text":"several","start":10369.47,"end":10369.79},{"text":"countries","start":10369.79,"end":10370.39},{"text":"in","start":10370.39,"end":10370.51},{"text":"Africa.","start":10370.51,"end":10370.87}]},{"text":"And my country has been proud to support this initiative since 2008 with over 90 million U.S. dollars.","start":10370.87,"end":10378.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10370.87,"end":10370.99},{"text":"my","start":10371.63,"end":10371.79},{"text":"country","start":10371.79,"end":10372.27},{"text":"has","start":10372.27,"end":10372.43},{"text":"been","start":10372.43,"end":10372.75},{"text":"proud","start":10372.91,"end":10373.19},{"text":"to","start":10373.19,"end":10373.63},{"text":"support","start":10373.71,"end":10374.23},{"text":"this","start":10374.23,"end":10374.59},{"text":"initiative","start":10374.59,"end":10375.39},{"text":"since","start":10375.55,"end":10375.95},{"text":"2008","start":10375.95,"end":10377.07},{"text":"with","start":10377.07,"end":10377.39},{"text":"over","start":10377.39,"end":10377.59},{"text":"90","start":10377.59,"end":10377.91},{"text":"million","start":10377.91,"end":10378.23},{"text":"U.S.","start":10378.23,"end":10378.51},{"text":"dollars.","start":10378.51,"end":10378.91}]},{"text":"Mr. President, colleagues, Germany is particularly committed to international law and international criminal law, not the least because of our own history.","start":10382.23,"end":10390.83,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"that","start":10404.83,"end":10404.91},{"text":"individuals","start":10404.91,"end":10405.79},{"text":"should","start":10405.79,"end":10406.07},{"text":"be","start":10406.07,"end":10406.15},{"text":"held","start":10406.15,"end":10406.51},{"text":"accountable","start":10406.67,"end":10407.31},{"text":"for","start":10407.47,"end":10407.79},{"text":"grave","start":10407.79,"end":10408.31},{"text":"violations","start":10408.31,"end":10408.99},{"text":"of","start":10408.99,"end":10409.07},{"text":"international","start":10409.07,"end":10409.75},{"text":"law.","start":10409.75,"end":10410.03}]},{"text":"And this legacy is still visible today.","start":10410.35,"end":10413.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10410.35,"end":10410.51},{"text":"this","start":10410.51,"end":10410.75},{"text":"legacy","start":10410.75,"end":10411.31},{"text":"is","start":10411.47,"end":10411.79},{"text":"still","start":10411.79,"end":10412.11},{"text":"visible","start":10412.11,"end":10412.59},{"text":"today.","start":10412.59,"end":10413.07}]},{"text":"Three years ago, almost four, in 2022, a judgment of the higher regional court in Germany in Koblenz convicted a man of crimes against humanity for his crimes committed in a prison in Damascus.","start":10414.35,"end":10425.31,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"Three","start":10414.35,"end":10414.59},{"text":"years","start":10414.59,"end":10414.79},{"text":"ago,","start":10414.79,"end":10415.15},{"text":"almost","start":10415.31,"end":10415.63},{"text":"four,","start":10415.63,"end":10415.95},{"text":"in","start":10415.95,"end":10416.15},{"text":"2022,","start":10416.15,"end":10417.15},{"text":"a","start":10417.55,"end":10417.59},{"text":"judgment","start":10417.59,"end":10418.11},{"text":"of","start":10418.11,"end":10418.19},{"text":"the","start":10418.19,"end":10418.31},{"text":"higher","start":10418.31,"end":10418.63},{"text":"regional","start":10418.63,"end":10418.99},{"text":"court","start":10418.99,"end":10419.39},{"text":"in","start":10419.39,"end":10419.47},{"text":"Germany","start":10419.47,"end":10419.79},{"text":"in","start":10419.79,"end":10419.87},{"text":"Koblenz","start":10419.87,"end":10420.43},{"text":"convicted","start":10420.43,"end":10420.87},{"text":"a","start":10420.87,"end":10420.91},{"text":"man","start":10420.91,"end":10421.15},{"text":"of","start":10421.15,"end":10421.23},{"text":"crimes","start":10421.23,"end":10421.59},{"text":"against","start":10421.59,"end":10421.87},{"text":"humanity","start":10421.87,"end":10422.51},{"text":"for","start":10422.51,"end":10422.71},{"text":"his","start":10422.71,"end":10422.83},{"text":"crimes","start":10422.83,"end":10423.23},{"text":"committed","start":10423.23,"end":10423.63},{"text":"in","start":10423.63,"end":10423.75},{"text":"a","start":10423.75,"end":10423.79},{"text":"prison","start":10423.79,"end":10424.35},{"text":"in","start":10424.51,"end":10424.63},{"text":"Damascus.","start":10424.63,"end":10425.31}]},{"text":"And this is one, only one, of the prominent examples of how Germany is committed to ensuring accountability and bringing justice to victims of crimes.","start":10426.03,"end":10435.79,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellency,","start":10436.51,"end":10437.15},{"text":"in","start":10437.15,"end":10437.31},{"text":"summing","start":10437.31,"end":10437.63},{"text":"up,","start":10437.67,"end":10437.79},{"text":"let","start":10438.75,"end":10438.99},{"text":"us","start":10438.99,"end":10439.15},{"text":"all","start":10439.15,"end":10439.35},{"text":"learn","start":10439.35,"end":10439.63},{"text":"from","start":10439.63,"end":10439.83},{"text":"the","start":10439.83,"end":10439.95},{"text":"past","start":10439.95,"end":10440.35},{"text":"that","start":10440.35,"end":10440.59},{"text":"peace","start":10440.59,"end":10441.15},{"text":"and","start":10441.15,"end":10441.31},{"text":"justice","start":10441.31,"end":10441.79},{"text":"are","start":10441.79,"end":10441.91},{"text":"inseparable,","start":10441.91,"end":10442.59},{"text":"that","start":10443.15,"end":10443.31},{"text":"international","start":10443.31,"end":10443.99},{"text":"law","start":10443.99,"end":10444.27},{"text":"plays","start":10444.59,"end":10444.91},{"text":"a","start":10445.07,"end":10445.11},{"text":"decisive","start":10445.11,"end":10445.63},{"text":"role","start":10445.63,"end":10445.95},{"text":"in","start":10446.03,"end":10446.19},{"text":"keeping","start":10446.27,"end":10446.59},{"text":"the","start":10446.59,"end":10446.67},{"text":"peace","start":10446.67,"end":10446.91},{"text":"between","start":10446.91,"end":10447.47},{"text":"nations,","start":10447.55,"end":10448.27},{"text":"and","start":10448.67,"end":10448.99},{"text":"after","start":10448.99,"end":10449.23},{"text":"conflict,","start":10449.23,"end":10449.71},{"text":"finding","start":10449.71,"end":10450.19},{"text":"back","start":10450.19,"end":10450.59},{"text":"the","start":10451.15,"end":10451.27},{"text":"way","start":10451.27,"end":10451.55},{"text":"to","start":10451.55,"end":10451.79},{"text":"peace.","start":10451.79,"end":10452.35}]},{"text":"Let us reconfirmed that respect for each other requires us to prevent the recurrence of crimes against humanity, and that adhering to international law is at the heart of preventing conflict and keeping the peace.","start":10452.67,"end":10464.23,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the 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like to assure you that Germany stands ready to do its part in working with all of you and in this endeavor.","start":10482.39,"end":10487.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Would","start":10482.39,"end":10482.47},{"text":"like","start":10482.47,"end":10482.63},{"text":"to","start":10482.63,"end":10482.75},{"text":"assure","start":10482.75,"end":10482.99},{"text":"you","start":10482.99,"end":10483.11},{"text":"that","start":10483.11,"end":10483.31},{"text":"Germany","start":10483.31,"end":10483.63},{"text":"stands","start":10483.63,"end":10483.95},{"text":"ready","start":10483.95,"end":10484.31},{"text":"to","start":10484.63,"end":10484.79},{"text":"do","start":10484.79,"end":10484.95},{"text":"its","start":10484.95,"end":10485.19},{"text":"part","start":10485.19,"end":10485.59},{"text":"in","start":10485.59,"end":10485.75},{"text":"working","start":10485.75,"end":10486.07},{"text":"with","start":10486.07,"end":10486.23},{"text":"all","start":10486.23,"end":10486.39},{"text":"of","start":10486.39,"end":10486.47},{"text":"you","start":10486.47,"end":10486.71},{"text":"and","start":10486.95,"end":10487.27},{"text":"in","start":10487.27,"end":10487.43},{"text":"this","start":10487.43,"end":10487.59},{"text":"endeavor.","start":10487.59,"end":10487.99}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":10488.39,"end":10489.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10488.39,"end":10488.55},{"text":"you","start":10488.55,"end":10488.63},{"text":"very","start":10488.63,"end":10488.79},{"text":"much.","start":10488.79,"end":10489.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"DEU","affiliation_full":"Germany","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":10490.71,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=10491","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Germany for his 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invasion against Ukraine that has brought immense suffering to the Ukrainian people.","start":10499.59,"end":10516.03,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10499.59,"end":10499.95},{"text":"President,","start":10499.95,"end":10500.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":10500.55,"end":10501.15},{"text":"members","start":10501.43,"end":10501.79},{"text":"of","start":10501.79,"end":10501.87},{"text":"the","start":10501.87,"end":10501.95},{"text":"Security","start":10501.95,"end":10502.35},{"text":"Council,","start":10502.35,"end":10502.87},{"text":"in","start":10503.35,"end":10503.51},{"text":"just","start":10503.51,"end":10503.75},{"text":"a","start":10503.75,"end":10503.79},{"text":"few","start":10503.79,"end":10503.95},{"text":"weeks,","start":10503.95,"end":10504.31},{"text":"the","start":10504.31,"end":10504.51},{"text":"world","start":10504.51,"end":10504.79},{"text":"will","start":10504.79,"end":10504.95},{"text":"mark","start":10504.95,"end":10505.35},{"text":"four","start":10505.35,"end":10505.59},{"text":"years","start":10505.59,"end":10506.15},{"text":"since","start":10506.31,"end":10506.59},{"text":"the","start":10506.63,"end":10506.71},{"text":"start","start":10506.71,"end":10507.03},{"text":"of","start":10507.07,"end":10507.19},{"text":"Russia's","start":10507.19,"end":10507.59},{"text":"unprovoked","start":10507.67,"end":10508.39},{"text":"and","start":10508.39,"end":10508.63},{"text":"treacherous","start":10508.63,"end":10509.19},{"text":"full-scale","start":10509.75,"end":10510.43},{"text":"military","start":10510.43,"end":10510.99},{"text":"invasion","start":10510.99,"end":10511.47},{"text":"against","start":10511.47,"end":10511.75},{"text":"Ukraine","start":10511.75,"end":10512.19},{"text":"that","start":10512.83,"end":10512.99},{"text":"has","start":10512.99,"end":10513.15},{"text":"brought","start":10513.15,"end":10513.47},{"text":"immense","start":10513.47,"end":10514.15},{"text":"suffering","start":10514.15,"end":10514.67},{"text":"to","start":10515.07,"end":10515.15},{"text":"the","start":10515.15,"end":10515.23},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":10515.23,"end":10515.63},{"text":"people.","start":10515.63,"end":10516.03}]},{"text":"In recent months, intensive diplomatic efforts initiated by the United States and supported by our European allies and like-minded countries have been underway to stop this barbaric war and to achieve a peace that would be lasting and just.","start":10516.83,"end":10533.23,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10516.83,"end":10517.07},{"text":"recent","start":10517.07,"end":10517.35},{"text":"months,","start":10517.35,"end":10517.71},{"text":"intensive","start":10517.95,"end":10518.51},{"text":"diplomatic","start":10518.51,"end":10518.99},{"text":"efforts","start":10518.99,"end":10519.47},{"text":"initiated","start":10519.47,"end":10520.11},{"text":"by","start":10520.11,"end":10520.35},{"text":"the","start":10520.35,"end":10520.43},{"text":"United","start":10520.43,"end":10520.79},{"text":"States","start":10520.79,"end":10521.23},{"text":"and","start":10521.55,"end":10521.83},{"text":"supported","start":10521.83,"end":10522.35},{"text":"by","start":10522.35,"end":10522.67},{"text":"our","start":10522.67,"end":10522.83},{"text":"European","start":10523.63,"end":10524.11},{"text":"allies","start":10524.11,"end":10524.67},{"text":"and","start":10524.67,"end":10524.99},{"text":"like-minded","start":10524.99,"end":10525.63},{"text":"countries","start":10525.63,"end":10526.19},{"text":"have","start":10526.51,"end":10526.75},{"text":"been","start":10526.75,"end":10526.99},{"text":"underway","start":10526.99,"end":10527.63},{"text":"to","start":10527.71,"end":10527.91},{"text":"stop","start":10527.91,"end":10528.27},{"text":"this","start":10528.43,"end":10528.75},{"text":"barbaric","start":10528.75,"end":10529.31},{"text":"war","start":10529.31,"end":10529.71},{"text":"and","start":10529.99,"end":10530.15},{"text":"to","start":10530.15,"end":10530.23},{"text":"achieve","start":10530.23,"end":10530.55},{"text":"a","start":10530.55,"end":10530.59},{"text":"peace","start":10530.59,"end":10530.99},{"text":"that","start":10530.99,"end":10531.15},{"text":"would","start":10531.15,"end":10531.31},{"text":"be","start":10531.31,"end":10531.63},{"text":"lasting","start":10531.79,"end":10532.35},{"text":"and","start":10532.59,"end":10532.83},{"text":"just.","start":10532.83,"end":10533.23}]},{"text":"One of the central questions before us today is accountability.","start":10534.03,"end":10537.31,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Justice","start":10562.15,"end":10562.71},{"text":"and","start":10562.71,"end":10562.99},{"text":"accountability","start":10562.99,"end":10563.67},{"text":"are","start":10563.67,"end":10563.75},{"text":"not","start":10563.75,"end":10564.15},{"text":"obstacles","start":10564.31,"end":10564.95},{"text":"to","start":10564.95,"end":10565.03},{"text":"peace,","start":10565.03,"end":10565.43},{"text":"they","start":10565.99,"end":10566.19},{"text":"are","start":10566.19,"end":10566.31},{"text":"its","start":10566.31,"end":10566.47},{"text":"foundation.","start":10566.47,"end":10567.19}]},{"text":"After the Second World War, the Nuremberg Tribunal established a basic principle of international law.","start":10568.39,"end":10574.59,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"After","start":10568.39,"end":10568.63},{"text":"the","start":10568.63,"end":10568.71},{"text":"Second","start":10568.71,"end":10568.95},{"text":"World","start":10568.95,"end":10569.19},{"text":"War,","start":10569.19,"end":10569.51},{"text":"the","start":10569.51,"end":10569.59},{"text":"Nuremberg","start":10569.99,"end":10570.47},{"text":"Tribunal","start":10570.47,"end":10571.19},{"text":"established","start":10571.43,"end":10572.23},{"text":"a","start":10572.63,"end":10572.67},{"text":"basic","start":10572.67,"end":10573.03},{"text":"principle","start":10573.03,"end":10573.67},{"text":"of","start":10573.67,"end":10573.75},{"text":"international","start":10573.75,"end":10574.51},{"text":"law.","start":10574.51,"end":10574.59}]},{"text":"Those who commit the gravest crimes are individually accountable, regardless of rank or position.","start":10574.79,"end":10580.95,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":10798.07,"end":10798.23},{"text":"invoking","start":10798.23,"end":10798.75},{"text":"Article","start":10798.75,"end":10799.07},{"text":"51,","start":10799.07,"end":10799.63},{"text":"states","start":10799.63,"end":10800.03},{"text":"are","start":10800.03,"end":10800.19},{"text":"to","start":10800.19,"end":10800.27},{"text":"report","start":10800.27,"end":10800.83},{"text":"measures","start":10800.83,"end":10801.39},{"text":"taken","start":10801.55,"end":10802.03},{"text":"to","start":10802.03,"end":10802.15},{"text":"the","start":10802.15,"end":10802.27},{"text":"Council","start":10802.27,"end":10802.71},{"text":"and","start":10802.71,"end":10802.87},{"text":"to","start":10802.87,"end":10802.95},{"text":"provide","start":10802.95,"end":10803.35},{"text":"a","start":10803.35,"end":10803.39},{"text":"clear","start":10803.39,"end":10803.79},{"text":"legal","start":10804.31,"end":10804.75},{"text":"justification.","start":10805.15,"end":10806.19}]},{"text":"The steady decline in the Council's practice in this respect has created dangerous results for international peace and security.","start":10807.07,"end":10814.83,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10807.07,"end":10807.23},{"text":"steady","start":10807.23,"end":10807.59},{"text":"decline","start":10807.59,"end":10808.03},{"text":"in","start":10808.03,"end":10808.11},{"text":"the","start":10808.11,"end":10808.19},{"text":"Council's","start":10808.19,"end":10808.63},{"text":"practice","start":10808.63,"end":10809.07},{"text":"in","start":10809.07,"end":10809.15},{"text":"this","start":10809.15,"end":10809.55},{"text":"respect","start":10809.55,"end":10810.19},{"text":"has","start":10810.67,"end":10810.99},{"text":"created","start":10810.99,"end":10811.59},{"text":"dangerous","start":10811.59,"end":10812.27},{"text":"results","start":10812.43,"end":10813.07},{"text":"for","start":10813.07,"end":10813.23},{"text":"international","start":10813.23,"end":10813.87},{"text":"peace","start":10813.87,"end":10814.07},{"text":"and","start":10814.07,"end":10814.19},{"text":"security.","start":10814.19,"end":10814.83}]},{"text":"The right of self-determination, which occupies a central place in the charter and in the history of the United Nations, is also under significant pressure, both through the overall negative trends on the respect for international law and new challenges such as sea level rise.","start":10816.03,"end":10834.47,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10848.07,"end":10848.35},{"text":"President,","start":10848.35,"end":10848.83},{"text":"international","start":10848.83,"end":10849.39},{"text":"courts","start":10849.39,"end":10849.95},{"text":"play","start":10850.43,"end":10850.67},{"text":"a","start":10850.67,"end":10850.71},{"text":"crucial","start":10850.71,"end":10851.15},{"text":"role","start":10851.15,"end":10851.43},{"text":"in","start":10851.43,"end":10851.55},{"text":"upholding","start":10851.55,"end":10851.99},{"text":"international","start":10851.99,"end":10852.91},{"text":"law,","start":10852.91,"end":10852.99},{"text":"in","start":10853.55,"end":10853.71},{"text":"particular","start":10853.71,"end":10854.19},{"text":"the","start":10854.19,"end":10854.27},{"text":"charter.","start":10854.27,"end":10854.75}]},{"text":"The International Court of Justice has played a key role in adjudicating territorial disputes between states and has the competence to settle disputes between states under numerous UN treaties.","start":10855.87,"end":10867.27,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10855.87,"end":10855.95},{"text":"International","start":10855.95,"end":10856.75},{"text":"Court","start":10856.83,"end":10857.07},{"text":"of","start":10857.07,"end":10857.15},{"text":"Justice","start":10857.15,"end":10857.71},{"text":"has","start":10857.71,"end":10857.83},{"text":"played","start":10857.83,"end":10858.11},{"text":"a","start":10858.11,"end":10858.15},{"text":"key","start":10858.15,"end":10858.43},{"text":"role","start":10858.43,"end":10858.75},{"text":"in","start":10858.75,"end":10858.87},{"text":"adjudicating","start":10858.87,"end":10859.63},{"text":"territorial","start":10859.63,"end":10860.15},{"text":"disputes","start":10860.15,"end":10860.63},{"text":"between","start":10860.63,"end":10860.99},{"text":"states","start":10860.99,"end":10861.55},{"text":"and","start":10861.55,"end":10861.71},{"text":"has","start":10861.71,"end":10861.87},{"text":"the","start":10861.87,"end":10861.95},{"text":"competence","start":10861.95,"end":10862.63},{"text":"to","start":10862.63,"end":10862.71},{"text":"settle","start":10862.71,"end":10863.07},{"text":"disputes","start":10863.07,"end":10863.63},{"text":"between","start":10863.63,"end":10864.03},{"text":"states","start":10864.03,"end":10864.59},{"text":"under","start":10865.11,"end":10865.59},{"text":"numerous","start":10865.59,"end":10866.31},{"text":"UN","start":10866.39,"end":10866.71},{"text":"treaties.","start":10866.71,"end":10867.27}]},{"text":"Hopefully, the treaty on crimes against humanity soon to be added to this list.","start":10868.15,"end":10873.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hopefully,","start":10868.15,"end":10868.87},{"text":"the","start":10869.11,"end":10869.19},{"text":"treaty","start":10869.19,"end":10869.59},{"text":"on","start":10869.59,"end":10869.75},{"text":"crimes","start":10869.75,"end":10870.07},{"text":"against","start":10870.07,"end":10870.63},{"text":"humanity","start":10870.63,"end":10871.35},{"text":"soon","start":10871.67,"end":10871.99},{"text":"to","start":10871.99,"end":10872.07},{"text":"be","start":10872.07,"end":10872.23},{"text":"added","start":10872.23,"end":10872.55},{"text":"to","start":10872.55,"end":10872.67},{"text":"this","start":10872.67,"end":10872.83},{"text":"list.","start":10872.83,"end":10873.27}]},{"text":"Also in exercising its advisory role, the ICJ has been able to play an important role in settling disputes as illustrated in the Chagos advisory opinion.","start":10874.07,"end":10886.07,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. 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Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10887.31,"end":10887.39},{"text":"International","start":10887.39,"end":10887.95},{"text":"Criminal","start":10887.95,"end":10888.31},{"text":"Court","start":10888.31,"end":10888.71},{"text":"ensures","start":10889.31,"end":10889.71},{"text":"accountability","start":10889.71,"end":10890.47},{"text":"for","start":10890.47,"end":10890.59},{"text":"the","start":10890.59,"end":10890.67},{"text":"most","start":10890.67,"end":10890.99},{"text":"serious","start":10890.99,"end":10891.35},{"text":"crimes","start":10891.35,"end":10891.91},{"text":"under","start":10891.91,"end":10892.19},{"text":"international","start":10892.19,"end":10893.07},{"text":"law,","start":10893.07,"end":10893.15},{"text":"genocide,","start":10893.75,"end":10894.47},{"text":"crimes","start":10894.91,"end":10895.19},{"text":"against","start":10895.19,"end":10895.51},{"text":"humanity,","start":10895.51,"end":10896.15},{"text":"war","start":10896.55,"end":10896.75},{"text":"crimes,","start":10896.75,"end":10897.27},{"text":"and","start":10897.43,"end":10897.91},{"text":"the","start":10897.99,"end":10898.11},{"text":"crime","start":10898.11,"end":10898.47},{"text":"of","start":10898.47,"end":10898.55},{"text":"aggression.","start":10898.55,"end":10899.11}]},{"text":"All these crimes are of direct relevance for the work of the Council, which is why it has the power to refer situations to the Court, warranted in situations of particular gravity, such as most recently in the Islamic Republic of Iran.","start":10899.83,"end":10916.47,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":10899.83,"end":10899.99},{"text":"these","start":10899.99,"end":10900.19},{"text":"crimes","start":10900.19,"end":10900.71},{"text":"are","start":10900.71,"end":10900.91},{"text":"of","start":10900.91,"end":10901.03},{"text":"direct","start":10901.03,"end":10901.43},{"text":"relevance","start":10901.43,"end":10902.07},{"text":"for","start":10902.15,"end":10902.31},{"text":"the","start":10902.31,"end":10902.39},{"text":"work","start":10902.39,"end":10902.95},{"text":"of","start":10902.95,"end":10903.15},{"text":"the","start":10903.35,"end":10903.43},{"text":"Council,","start":10903.43,"end":10904.07},{"text":"which","start":10904.59,"end":10904.87},{"text":"is","start":10904.87,"end":10905.19},{"text":"why","start":10905.19,"end":10905.39},{"text":"it","start":10905.39,"end":10905.51},{"text":"has","start":10905.51,"end":10905.67},{"text":"the","start":10905.67,"end":10905.75},{"text":"power","start":10905.75,"end":10906.31},{"text":"to","start":10906.39,"end":10906.51},{"text":"refer","start":10906.51,"end":10906.87},{"text":"situations","start":10906.87,"end":10907.51},{"text":"to","start":10907.51,"end":10907.63},{"text":"the","start":10907.63,"end":10907.75},{"text":"Court,","start":10907.75,"end":10908.23},{"text":"warranted","start":10908.71,"end":10909.19},{"text":"in","start":10909.19,"end":10909.35},{"text":"situations","start":10909.35,"end":10910.07},{"text":"of","start":10910.07,"end":10910.23},{"text":"particular","start":10910.23,"end":10910.71},{"text":"gravity,","start":10910.71,"end":10911.35},{"text":"such","start":10911.43,"end":10911.83},{"text":"as","start":10911.83,"end":10912.23},{"text":"most","start":10912.55,"end":10912.91},{"text":"recently","start":10912.91,"end":10913.59},{"text":"in","start":10913.67,"end":10913.91},{"text":"the","start":10913.91,"end":10914.03},{"text":"Islamic","start":10914.07,"end":10914.63},{"text":"Republic","start":10914.63,"end":10915.31},{"text":"of","start":10915.99,"end":10916.15},{"text":"Iran.","start":10916.15,"end":10916.47}]},{"text":"The court's role with respect to the crime of aggression deals with the most serious violations of the prohibition of the use of force under the UN charter.","start":10917.83,"end":10926.19,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10917.83,"end":10917.87},{"text":"court's","start":10917.87,"end":10918.27},{"text":"role","start":10918.27,"end":10918.67},{"text":"with","start":10918.75,"end":10918.99},{"text":"respect","start":10918.99,"end":10919.51},{"text":"to","start":10919.51,"end":10919.59},{"text":"the","start":10919.59,"end":10919.67},{"text":"crime","start":10919.71,"end":10919.95},{"text":"of","start":10919.95,"end":10920.03},{"text":"aggression","start":10920.03,"end":10920.59},{"text":"deals","start":10920.59,"end":10920.99},{"text":"with","start":10920.99,"end":10921.19},{"text":"the","start":10921.19,"end":10921.31},{"text":"most","start":10921.31,"end":10921.59},{"text":"serious","start":10921.59,"end":10921.87},{"text":"violations","start":10921.87,"end":10922.75},{"text":"of","start":10923.27,"end":10923.39},{"text":"the","start":10923.39,"end":10923.47},{"text":"prohibition","start":10923.47,"end":10924.11},{"text":"of","start":10924.11,"end":10924.27},{"text":"the","start":10924.27,"end":10924.35},{"text":"use","start":10924.35,"end":10924.55},{"text":"of","start":10924.55,"end":10924.63},{"text":"force","start":10924.63,"end":10925.15},{"text":"under","start":10925.15,"end":10925.47},{"text":"the","start":10925.47,"end":10925.55},{"text":"UN","start":10925.55,"end":10925.71},{"text":"charter.","start":10925.71,"end":10926.19}]},{"text":"We hope that more states will join the jurisdictional regime of the ICC over this crime and that this jurisdiction is elevated to the level of the other crimes.","start":10926.91,"end":10936.43,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10926.91,"end":10927.03},{"text":"hope","start":10927.03,"end":10927.23},{"text":"that","start":10927.23,"end":10927.39},{"text":"more","start":10927.39,"end":10927.63},{"text":"states","start":10927.63,"end":10928.03},{"text":"will","start":10928.03,"end":10928.19},{"text":"join","start":10928.19,"end":10928.59},{"text":"the","start":10928.59,"end":10928.71},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":10928.71,"end":10929.63},{"text":"regime","start":10929.71,"end":10930.19},{"text":"of","start":10930.19,"end":10930.27},{"text":"the","start":10930.27,"end":10930.39},{"text":"ICC","start":10930.43,"end":10931.07},{"text":"over","start":10931.07,"end":10931.31},{"text":"this","start":10931.31,"end":10931.47},{"text":"crime","start":10931.47,"end":10931.95},{"text":"and","start":10932.43,"end":10932.59},{"text":"that","start":10932.59,"end":10932.71},{"text":"this","start":10932.71,"end":10932.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10932.91,"end":10933.63},{"text":"is","start":10933.63,"end":10933.75},{"text":"elevated","start":10933.75,"end":10934.43},{"text":"to","start":10934.67,"end":10934.91},{"text":"the","start":10934.91,"end":10935.07},{"text":"level","start":10935.07,"end":10935.43},{"text":"of","start":10935.43,"end":10935.55},{"text":"the","start":10935.55,"end":10935.75},{"text":"other","start":10935.75,"end":10935.91},{"text":"crimes.","start":10935.91,"end":10936.43}]},{"text":"At the time when international law is challenged in an unprecedented way, political attacks on international courts are sadly almost inevitable.","start":10937.47,"end":10946.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10937.47,"end":10937.59},{"text":"the","start":10937.59,"end":10937.67},{"text":"time","start":10937.67,"end":10938.07},{"text":"when","start":10938.07,"end":10938.27},{"text":"international","start":10938.27,"end":10938.95},{"text":"law","start":10938.95,"end":10939.15},{"text":"is","start":10939.15,"end":10939.31},{"text":"challenged","start":10939.31,"end":10940.03},{"text":"in","start":10940.03,"end":10940.19},{"text":"an","start":10940.19,"end":10940.27},{"text":"unprecedented","start":10940.27,"end":10941.07},{"text":"way,","start":10941.07,"end":10941.39},{"text":"political","start":10941.95,"end":10942.43},{"text":"attacks","start":10942.43,"end":10942.99},{"text":"on","start":10942.99,"end":10943.15},{"text":"international","start":10943.15,"end":10943.71},{"text":"courts","start":10943.71,"end":10944.27},{"text":"are","start":10944.63,"end":10944.75},{"text":"sadly","start":10944.75,"end":10945.23},{"text":"almost","start":10945.23,"end":10945.79},{"text":"inevitable.","start":10945.95,"end":10946.51}]},{"text":"standing up in their support is indispensable for the reaffirmation of the rule of law.","start":10947.75,"end":10953.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"standing","start":10947.75,"end":10948.07},{"text":"up","start":10948.07,"end":10948.23},{"text":"in","start":10948.23,"end":10948.31},{"text":"their","start":10948.31,"end":10948.47},{"text":"support","start":10948.47,"end":10949.11},{"text":"is","start":10949.75,"end":10949.91},{"text":"indispensable","start":10949.91,"end":10950.95},{"text":"for","start":10951.11,"end":10951.35},{"text":"the","start":10951.35,"end":10951.43},{"text":"reaffirmation","start":10951.43,"end":10952.39},{"text":"of","start":10952.63,"end":10952.79},{"text":"the","start":10952.79,"end":10952.91},{"text":"rule","start":10952.91,"end":10953.15},{"text":"of","start":10953.15,"end":10953.27},{"text":"law.","start":10953.27,"end":10953.51}]},{"text":"Mr. President, we live in times that none of us have witnessed before.","start":10954.79,"end":10959.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10954.79,"end":10955.15},{"text":"President,","start":10955.15,"end":10955.55},{"text":"we","start":10955.55,"end":10955.63},{"text":"live","start":10955.63,"end":10955.75},{"text":"in","start":10955.75,"end":10955.91},{"text":"times","start":10955.91,"end":10956.63},{"text":"that","start":10956.71,"end":10956.87},{"text":"none","start":10956.87,"end":10957.03},{"text":"of","start":10957.03,"end":10957.19},{"text":"us","start":10957.19,"end":10957.51},{"text":"have","start":10957.51,"end":10957.99},{"text":"witnessed","start":10958.31,"end":10958.87},{"text":"before.","start":10958.87,"end":10959.51}]},{"text":"International relations are at the risk of being thrown back not only to a time prior to the creation of the United Nations, but indeed to a far more distant and darker past.","start":10960.23,"end":10970.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"International","start":10960.23,"end":10960.95},{"text":"relations","start":10960.95,"end":10961.51},{"text":"are","start":10961.51,"end":10961.71},{"text":"at","start":10961.71,"end":10961.79},{"text":"the","start":10961.79,"end":10961.87},{"text":"risk","start":10961.87,"end":10962.27},{"text":"of","start":10962.27,"end":10962.39},{"text":"being","start":10962.39,"end":10962.63},{"text":"thrown","start":10962.63,"end":10962.95},{"text":"back","start":10962.95,"end":10963.19},{"text":"not","start":10963.19,"end":10963.35},{"text":"only","start":10963.35,"end":10963.67},{"text":"to","start":10963.67,"end":10963.99},{"text":"a","start":10964.39,"end":10964.47},{"text":"time","start":10964.47,"end":10964.79},{"text":"prior","start":10964.79,"end":10965.11},{"text":"to","start":10965.11,"end":10965.23},{"text":"the","start":10965.23,"end":10965.31},{"text":"creation","start":10965.31,"end":10965.75},{"text":"of","start":10965.75,"end":10965.83},{"text":"the","start":10965.83,"end":10965.91},{"text":"United","start":10965.91,"end":10966.31},{"text":"Nations,","start":10966.31,"end":10966.79},{"text":"but","start":10966.79,"end":10966.99},{"text":"indeed","start":10966.99,"end":10967.35},{"text":"to","start":10967.35,"end":10967.47},{"text":"a","start":10967.47,"end":10967.51},{"text":"far","start":10967.51,"end":10967.99},{"text":"more","start":10968.39,"end":10968.63},{"text":"distant","start":10968.63,"end":10969.19},{"text":"and","start":10969.27,"end":10969.67},{"text":"darker","start":10969.91,"end":10970.31},{"text":"past.","start":10970.31,"end":10970.79}]},{"text":"International law is owned by all of us who have agreed to the rules in the charter and it benefits the peoples in whose name we work.","start":10971.67,"end":10981.59,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":10971.67,"end":10972.27},{"text":"law","start":10972.27,"end":10972.39},{"text":"is","start":10972.39,"end":10972.63},{"text":"owned","start":10972.63,"end":10973.03},{"text":"by","start":10973.43,"end":10973.83},{"text":"all","start":10974.99,"end":10975.15},{"text":"of","start":10975.15,"end":10975.27},{"text":"us","start":10975.27,"end":10975.59},{"text":"who","start":10976.27,"end":10976.31},{"text":"have","start":10976.31,"end":10976.55},{"text":"agreed","start":10976.55,"end":10977.11},{"text":"to","start":10977.35,"end":10977.47},{"text":"the","start":10977.47,"end":10977.59},{"text":"rules","start":10977.59,"end":10977.87},{"text":"in","start":10977.87,"end":10977.99},{"text":"the","start":10977.99,"end":10978.07},{"text":"charter","start":10978.07,"end":10978.47},{"text":"and","start":10978.47,"end":10978.67},{"text":"it","start":10978.67,"end":10978.79},{"text":"benefits","start":10978.79,"end":10979.31},{"text":"the","start":10979.31,"end":10979.43},{"text":"peoples","start":10979.43,"end":10979.99},{"text":"in","start":10979.99,"end":10980.11},{"text":"whose","start":10980.11,"end":10980.39},{"text":"name","start":10980.39,"end":10980.71},{"text":"we","start":10981.03,"end":10981.19},{"text":"work.","start":10981.19,"end":10981.59}]},{"text":"It is ultimately the task of those who believe in international law to stand together and to stand up for it and to place it again as we did in 1945 at the center of international relations.","start":10982.31,"end":10996.39,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10982.31,"end":10982.39},{"text":"is","start":10982.39,"end":10982.55},{"text":"ultimately","start":10982.55,"end":10983.35},{"text":"the","start":10983.35,"end":10983.51},{"text":"task","start":10983.51,"end":10984.15},{"text":"of","start":10984.43,"end":10984.55},{"text":"those","start":10984.59,"end":10985.11},{"text":"who","start":10985.35,"end":10985.51},{"text":"believe","start":10985.51,"end":10985.83},{"text":"in","start":10985.83,"end":10985.91},{"text":"international","start":10985.91,"end":10986.59},{"text":"law","start":10986.59,"end":10986.71},{"text":"to","start":10986.71,"end":10986.91},{"text":"stand","start":10986.91,"end":10987.19},{"text":"together","start":10987.19,"end":10987.59},{"text":"and","start":10987.59,"end":10987.71},{"text":"to","start":10987.71,"end":10987.79},{"text":"stand","start":10987.79,"end":10988.15},{"text":"up","start":10988.15,"end":10988.31},{"text":"for","start":10988.31,"end":10988.47},{"text":"it","start":10988.47,"end":10988.79},{"text":"and","start":10989.31,"end":10989.43},{"text":"to","start":10989.43,"end":10989.51},{"text":"place","start":10989.51,"end":10989.91},{"text":"it","start":10989.91,"end":10990.03},{"text":"again","start":10990.03,"end":10990.47},{"text":"as","start":10991.27,"end":10991.51},{"text":"we","start":10991.51,"end":10991.59},{"text":"did","start":10991.59,"end":10991.91},{"text":"in","start":10992.31,"end":10992.43},{"text":"1945","start":10992.43,"end":10993.59},{"text":"at","start":10993.59,"end":10993.79},{"text":"the","start":10993.79,"end":10993.87},{"text":"center","start":10993.87,"end":10994.47},{"text":"of","start":10994.71,"end":10994.87},{"text":"international","start":10994.87,"end":10995.59},{"text":"relations.","start":10995.67,"end":10996.39}]},{"text":"We look forward to working with all members, including members of this council to that end.","start":10996.87,"end":11002.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10996.87,"end":10996.99},{"text":"look","start":10996.99,"end":10997.19},{"text":"forward","start":10997.19,"end":10997.47},{"text":"to","start":10997.47,"end":10997.55},{"text":"working","start":10997.55,"end":10998.07},{"text":"with","start":10998.71,"end":10998.87},{"text":"all","start":10998.87,"end":10999.27},{"text":"members,","start":10999.27,"end":10999.71},{"text":"including","start":10999.71,"end":11000.31},{"text":"members","start":11000.47,"end":11000.87},{"text":"of","start":11000.87,"end":11000.99},{"text":"this","start":11000.99,"end":11001.19},{"text":"council","start":11001.19,"end":11001.67},{"text":"to","start":11001.99,"end":11002.07},{"text":"that","start":11002.07,"end":11002.31},{"text":"end.","start":11002.31,"end":11002.55}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":11002.71,"end":11003.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11002.71,"end":11002.87},{"text":"thank","start":11002.87,"end":11003.15},{"text":"you.","start":11003.15,"end":11003.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"LIE","affiliation_full":"Liechtenstein","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":11004.51,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=11005","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Liechtenstein for his statement.","start":11004.51,"end":11008.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11004.51,"end":11004.52},{"text":"thank","start":11004.51,"end":11004.99},{"text":"the","start":11005.07,"end":11005.19},{"text":"representative","start":11005.19,"end":11006.03},{"text":"of","start":11006.63,"end":11006.75},{"text":"Liechtenstein","start":11006.75,"end":11007.71},{"text":"for","start":11007.79,"end":11007.95},{"text":"his","start":11007.95,"end":11008.11},{"text":"statement.","start":11008.11,"end":11008.83}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Malaysia.","start":11009.23,"end":11011.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11009.23,"end":11009.31},{"text":"now","start":11009.31,"end":11009.55},{"text":"give","start":11009.55,"end":11009.71},{"text":"the","start":11009.71,"end":11009.83},{"text":"floor","start":11009.83,"end":11010.19},{"text":"to","start":11010.19,"end":11010.27},{"text":"the","start":11010.27,"end":11010.35},{"text":"representative","start":11010.35,"end":11011.07},{"text":"of","start":11011.07,"end":11011.23},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":11011.23,"end":11011.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":60,"start":11014.11,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=11015","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President, for convening this open 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insights.","start":11017.71,"end":11023.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":11017.71,"end":11018.23},{"text":"expresses","start":11018.23,"end":11018.99},{"text":"its","start":11018.99,"end":11019.23},{"text":"appreciation","start":11019.23,"end":11020.15},{"text":"to","start":11020.15,"end":11020.27},{"text":"the","start":11020.27,"end":11020.39},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":11020.39,"end":11021.39},{"text":"and","start":11021.39,"end":11021.59},{"text":"the","start":11021.59,"end":11021.67},{"text":"briefers","start":11021.67,"end":11022.19},{"text":"for","start":11022.27,"end":11022.51},{"text":"their","start":11022.51,"end":11022.63},{"text":"valuable","start":11022.63,"end":11023.15},{"text":"insights.","start":11023.15,"end":11023.87}]},{"text":"We align ourselves with the statement by the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN.","start":11024.43,"end":11029.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11024.43,"end":11024.59},{"text":"align","start":11024.59,"end":11024.99},{"text":"ourselves","start":11024.99,"end":11025.55},{"text":"with","start":11025.71,"end":11025.91},{"text":"the","start":11025.91,"end":11026.03},{"text":"statement","start":11026.03,"end":11026.95},{"text":"by","start":11027.07,"end":11027.39},{"text":"the","start":11027.39,"end":11027.55},{"text":"Philippines","start":11027.55,"end":11028.11},{"text":"on","start":11028.11,"end":11028.19},{"text":"behalf","start":11028.19,"end":11028.67},{"text":"of","start":11028.67,"end":11028.75},{"text":"ASEAN.","start":11028.75,"end":11029.39}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Malaysia firmly believes that this debate is both timely and essential, particularly in light of recent events that starkly demonstrate the concerning trend of disregarding the rule of law with impunity.","start":11029.79,"end":11044.59,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":11029.79,"end":11030.03},{"text":"President,","start":11030.03,"end":11030.75},{"text":"Malaysia","start":11031.39,"end":11031.71},{"text":"firmly","start":11031.71,"end":11032.11},{"text":"believes","start":11032.11,"end":11032.67},{"text":"that","start":11032.67,"end":11032.87},{"text":"this","start":11032.87,"end":11033.07},{"text":"debate","start":11033.07,"end":11033.47},{"text":"is","start":11033.47,"end":11033.59},{"text":"both","start":11033.59,"end":11034.03},{"text":"timely","start":11034.19,"end":11034.67},{"text":"and","start":11034.67,"end":11034.79},{"text":"essential,","start":11034.79,"end":11035.55},{"text":"particularly","start":11035.87,"end":11036.51},{"text":"in","start":11036.51,"end":11036.67},{"text":"light","start":11036.67,"end":11036.87},{"text":"of","start":11036.87,"end":11036.99},{"text":"recent","start":11036.99,"end":11037.43},{"text":"events","start":11037.43,"end":11037.87},{"text":"that","start":11037.87,"end":11038.11},{"text":"starkly","start":11038.11,"end":11038.79},{"text":"demonstrate","start":11038.79,"end":11039.39},{"text":"the","start":11039.39,"end":11039.55},{"text":"concerning","start":11039.55,"end":11040.27},{"text":"trend","start":11040.27,"end":11040.75},{"text":"of","start":11041.23,"end":11041.47},{"text":"disregarding","start":11041.47,"end":11042.35},{"text":"the","start":11042.35,"end":11042.43},{"text":"rule","start":11042.43,"end":11042.67},{"text":"of","start":11042.67,"end":11042.83},{"text":"law","start":11042.83,"end":11043.35},{"text":"with","start":11043.47,"end":11043.75},{"text":"impunity.","start":11043.75,"end":11044.59}]},{"text":"Today, we are witnessing blatant acts that erode the very foundations of international law, foundations that we, the international community, has painstakingly built and upheld over decades.","start":11045.23,"end":11058.67,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":11045.23,"end":11045.71},{"text":"we","start":11046.03,"end":11046.27},{"text":"are","start":11046.27,"end":11046.35},{"text":"witnessing","start":11046.35,"end":11046.95},{"text":"blatant","start":11046.95,"end":11047.47},{"text":"acts","start":11047.47,"end":11047.87},{"text":"that","start":11047.87,"end":11048.19},{"text":"erode","start":11048.19,"end":11048.51},{"text":"the","start":11048.51,"end":11048.67},{"text":"very","start":11048.67,"end":11049.07},{"text":"foundations","start":11049.07,"end":11049.75},{"text":"of","start":11049.75,"end":11049.87},{"text":"international","start":11049.87,"end":11050.87},{"text":"law,","start":11050.87,"end":11050.95},{"text":"foundations","start":11051.23,"end":11052.11},{"text":"that","start":11052.11,"end":11052.35},{"text":"we,","start":11052.35,"end":11052.75},{"text":"the","start":11052.99,"end":11053.19},{"text":"international","start":11053.19,"end":11053.79},{"text":"community,","start":11053.79,"end":11054.43},{"text":"has","start":11054.43,"end":11054.75},{"text":"painstakingly","start":11054.75,"end":11055.71},{"text":"built","start":11055.71,"end":11056.11},{"text":"and","start":11056.43,"end":11056.63},{"text":"upheld","start":11056.63,"end":11057.23},{"text":"over","start":11057.47,"end":11057.79},{"text":"decades.","start":11057.79,"end":11058.67}]},{"text":"Israel's illegal occupation of Palestine and its systematic atrocities against the Palestinian people, which are brazen violations of international law, including international human rights and humanitarian law, are clear examples.","start":11059.39,"end":11074.83,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Could","start":11088.55,"end":11088.71},{"text":"we","start":11088.71,"end":11088.87},{"text":"be","start":11088.87,"end":11089.27},{"text":"at","start":11089.27,"end":11089.43},{"text":"the","start":11089.43,"end":11089.55},{"text":"onset","start":11089.55,"end":11090.11},{"text":"of","start":11090.11,"end":11090.23},{"text":"a","start":11090.23,"end":11090.31},{"text":"dangerous","start":11090.31,"end":11090.79},{"text":"breakdown","start":11090.79,"end":11091.59},{"text":"of","start":11091.83,"end":11092.07},{"text":"the","start":11092.07,"end":11092.19},{"text":"international","start":11092.19,"end":11093.03},{"text":"world","start":11093.03,"end":11093.27},{"text":"order","start":11093.27,"end":11093.83},{"text":"based","start":11094.07,"end":11094.43},{"text":"on","start":11094.43,"end":11094.55},{"text":"international","start":11094.55,"end":11095.55},{"text":"law","start":11095.55,"end":11095.63},{"text":"and","start":11095.99,"end":11096.23},{"text":"regressing","start":11096.23,"end":11096.91},{"text":"into","start":11096.91,"end":11097.23},{"text":"a","start":11097.23,"end":11097.27},{"text":"world","start":11097.27,"end":11097.75},{"text":"where","start":11097.91,"end":11098.23},{"text":"only","start":11098.23,"end":11098.63},{"text":"might","start":11098.63,"end":11099.03},{"text":"is","start":11099.19,"end":11099.43},{"text":"right?","start":11099.43,"end":11099.83}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the United Nations was established with a clear mandate to maintain international peace and security, to prevent conflict, and to uphold international law.","start":11100.63,"end":11110.83,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"Persistent","start":11142.83,"end":11143.59},{"text":"concerns","start":11143.59,"end":11144.19},{"text":"relating","start":11144.19,"end":11144.71},{"text":"to","start":11144.71,"end":11144.83},{"text":"accountability,","start":11144.83,"end":11145.95},{"text":"transparency,","start":11146.19,"end":11147.39},{"text":"and","start":11147.63,"end":11147.87},{"text":"equitable","start":11147.87,"end":11148.47},{"text":"representation","start":11148.47,"end":11149.71},{"text":"demonstrates","start":11150.03,"end":11150.75},{"text":"the","start":11150.75,"end":11150.95},{"text":"urgent","start":11150.99,"end":11151.39},{"text":"need","start":11151.39,"end":11151.63},{"text":"to","start":11151.87,"end":11152.03},{"text":"align","start":11152.03,"end":11152.43},{"text":"the","start":11152.43,"end":11152.55},{"text":"United","start":11152.55,"end":11153.03},{"text":"Nations","start":11153.03,"end":11153.51},{"text":"structures","start":11153.51,"end":11154.51},{"text":"with","start":11154.67,"end":11154.95},{"text":"contemporary","start":11154.95,"end":11155.91},{"text":"global","start":11155.91,"end":11156.35},{"text":"realities.","start":11156.35,"end":11157.31}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Malaysia maintains its longstanding position that reform of the Security Council is no longer optional, but an absolute necessity.","start":11157.99,"end":11168.03,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":11168.55,"end":11168.91},{"text":"immediate","start":11168.91,"end":11169.39},{"text":"measures","start":11169.39,"end":11169.79},{"text":"to","start":11169.79,"end":11169.95},{"text":"regulate","start":11169.95,"end":11170.43},{"text":"the","start":11170.43,"end":11170.55},{"text":"use","start":11170.55,"end":11170.83},{"text":"of","start":11170.83,"end":11170.91},{"text":"the","start":11170.91,"end":11170.99},{"text":"veto","start":11170.99,"end":11171.39},{"text":"are","start":11171.39,"end":11171.51},{"text":"necessary,","start":11171.51,"end":11172.35},{"text":"Malaysia","start":11172.67,"end":11173.23},{"text":"firmly","start":11173.23,"end":11173.55},{"text":"believes","start":11173.55,"end":11174.03},{"text":"that","start":11174.03,"end":11174.23},{"text":"the","start":11174.23,"end":11174.31},{"text":"veto","start":11174.31,"end":11174.75},{"text":"has","start":11174.75,"end":11174.99},{"text":"no","start":11174.99,"end":11175.23},{"text":"place","start":11175.23,"end":11175.71},{"text":"in","start":11176.11,"end":11176.23},{"text":"a","start":11176.23,"end":11176.27},{"text":"modern,","start":11176.27,"end":11176.91},{"text":"democratic,","start":11176.99,"end":11177.79},{"text":"multilateral","start":11177.79,"end":11178.51},{"text":"system","start":11178.51,"end":11179.23},{"text":"and","start":11179.55,"end":11179.71},{"text":"should","start":11179.71,"end":11180.03},{"text":"ultimately","start":11180.03,"end":11180.91},{"text":"be","start":11180.91,"end":11181.15},{"text":"abolished.","start":11181.15,"end":11181.79}]},{"text":"Such reform is essential to restore confidence in the international legal order and to prevent its further erosion.","start":11182.35,"end":11189.91,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":11182.35,"end":11182.67},{"text":"reform","start":11182.67,"end":11183.23},{"text":"is","start":11183.23,"end":11183.39},{"text":"essential","start":11183.39,"end":11183.95},{"text":"to","start":11183.95,"end":11184.07},{"text":"restore","start":11184.07,"end":11184.51},{"text":"confidence","start":11184.51,"end":11185.15},{"text":"in","start":11185.15,"end":11185.27},{"text":"the","start":11185.27,"end":11185.35},{"text":"international","start":11185.35,"end":11185.99},{"text":"legal","start":11185.99,"end":11186.27},{"text":"order","start":11186.27,"end":11186.83},{"text":"and","start":11187.23,"end":11187.39},{"text":"to","start":11187.39,"end":11187.51},{"text":"prevent","start":11187.51,"end":11187.99},{"text":"its","start":11187.99,"end":11188.39},{"text":"further","start":11188.39,"end":11189.03},{"text":"erosion.","start":11189.11,"end":11189.91}]},{"text":"It is the only way to ensure equality of all sovereign states before the law.","start":11190.39,"end":11195.43,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":11190.39,"end":11190.51},{"text":"is","start":11190.51,"end":11190.63},{"text":"the","start":11190.63,"end":11190.75},{"text":"only","start":11190.75,"end":11191.03},{"text":"way","start":11191.03,"end":11191.27},{"text":"to","start":11191.27,"end":11191.43},{"text":"ensure","start":11191.43,"end":11192.07},{"text":"equality","start":11192.07,"end":11192.75},{"text":"of","start":11192.75,"end":11192.91},{"text":"all","start":11192.91,"end":11193.11},{"text":"sovereign","start":11193.11,"end":11193.59},{"text":"states","start":11193.59,"end":11194.07},{"text":"before","start":11194.39,"end":11194.87},{"text":"the","start":11194.87,"end":11194.95},{"text":"law.","start":11194.95,"end":11195.43}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Malaysia reaffirms its unwavering commitment to strengthening the rule of law, upholding human rights and advancing justice at both the national and international levels.","start":11196.07,"end":11208.31,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":11196.07,"end":11196.23},{"text":"conclusion,","start":11196.23,"end":11196.95},{"text":"Malaysia","start":11197.19,"end":11197.67},{"text":"reaffirms","start":11197.67,"end":11198.47},{"text":"its","start":11198.47,"end":11198.71},{"text":"unwavering","start":11198.79,"end":11199.35},{"text":"commitment","start":11199.35,"end":11200.03},{"text":"to","start":11200.31,"end":11200.47},{"text":"strengthening","start":11200.47,"end":11201.11},{"text":"the","start":11201.11,"end":11201.19},{"text":"rule","start":11201.19,"end":11201.47},{"text":"of","start":11201.47,"end":11201.55},{"text":"law,","start":11201.55,"end":11202.03},{"text":"upholding","start":11202.39,"end":11202.95},{"text":"human","start":11202.95,"end":11203.27},{"text":"rights","start":11203.27,"end":11203.75},{"text":"and","start":11204.07,"end":11204.27},{"text":"advancing","start":11204.27,"end":11204.75},{"text":"justice","start":11204.75,"end":11205.43},{"text":"at","start":11205.59,"end":11205.83},{"text":"both","start":11205.83,"end":11206.03},{"text":"the","start":11206.03,"end":11206.19},{"text":"national","start":11206.19,"end":11206.87},{"text":"and","start":11207.03,"end":11207.19},{"text":"international","start":11207.19,"end":11207.79},{"text":"levels.","start":11207.79,"end":11208.31}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":11208.31,"end":11208.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11208.31,"end":11208.47},{"text":"thank","start":11208.47,"end":11208.71},{"text":"you.","start":11208.71,"end":11208.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":61,"start":11209.99,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=11210","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Malaysia for his statement.","start":11209.99,"end":11213.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11209.99,"end":11210.15},{"text":"thank","start":11210.15,"end":11210.47},{"text":"the","start":11210.51,"end":11210.59},{"text":"representative","start":11210.63,"end":11211.35},{"text":"of","start":11211.35,"end":11211.43},{"text":"Malaysia","start":11211.43,"end":11211.99},{"text":"for","start":11212.55,"end":11212.71},{"text":"his","start":11212.71,"end":11212.87},{"text":"statement.","start":11212.87,"end":11213.59}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Chile.","start":11213.67,"end":11216.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11213.67,"end":11213.75},{"text":"now","start":11213.75,"end":11213.99},{"text":"give","start":11213.99,"end":11214.15},{"text":"the","start":11214.15,"end":11214.27},{"text":"floor","start":11214.27,"end":11214.71},{"text":"to","start":11215.03,"end":11215.11},{"text":"the","start":11215.11,"end":11215.23},{"text":"representative","start":11215.23,"end":11215.91},{"text":"of","start":11215.91,"end":11215.99},{"text":"Chile.","start":11215.99,"end":11216.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":11218.63,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=11219","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. President.","start":11218.63,"end":11220.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11218.63,"end":11218.95},{"text":"you","start":11218.95,"end":11219.11},{"text":"very","start":11219.11,"end":11219.39},{"text":"much,","start":11219.39,"end":11219.75},{"text":"Mr.","start":11219.75,"end":11220.23},{"text":"President.","start":11220.23,"end":11220.79}]},{"text":"We'd like to thank Somalia for convening this high-level debate at a time when the erosion of the international rule of law threatens not only peace and security, but also confidence in multilateralism.","start":11220.87,"end":11232.63,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":11220.87,"end":11221.11},{"text":"like","start":11221.11,"end":11221.27},{"text":"to","start":11221.27,"end":11221.51},{"text":"thank","start":11221.51,"end":11221.75},{"text":"Somalia","start":11221.75,"end":11222.31},{"text":"for","start":11222.31,"end":11222.59},{"text":"convening","start":11222.59,"end":11223.11},{"text":"this","start":11223.11,"end":11223.35},{"text":"high-level","start":11223.35,"end":11223.83},{"text":"debate","start":11223.83,"end":11224.39},{"text":"at","start":11224.63,"end":11224.95},{"text":"a","start":11224.95,"end":11224.99},{"text":"time","start":11224.99,"end":11225.15},{"text":"when","start":11225.15,"end":11225.35},{"text":"the","start":11225.35,"end":11225.47},{"text":"erosion","start":11225.47,"end":11226.15},{"text":"of","start":11226.15,"end":11226.31},{"text":"the","start":11226.31,"end":11226.43},{"text":"international","start":11226.43,"end":11227.19},{"text":"rule","start":11227.67,"end":11227.95},{"text":"of","start":11227.95,"end":11228.07},{"text":"law","start":11228.07,"end":11228.31},{"text":"threatens","start":11228.31,"end":11228.79},{"text":"not","start":11228.79,"end":11229.03},{"text":"only","start":11229.03,"end":11229.27},{"text":"peace","start":11229.27,"end":11229.71},{"text":"and","start":11229.71,"end":11229.83},{"text":"security,","start":11229.83,"end":11230.39},{"text":"but","start":11230.39,"end":11230.55},{"text":"also","start":11230.55,"end":11230.79},{"text":"confidence","start":11230.79,"end":11231.43},{"text":"in","start":11231.43,"end":11231.55},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":11231.55,"end":11232.63}]},{"text":"We also thank the Secretary-General, Mr. Mahmoud Ali Yusuf, and Mr. Abdul Qawi Yusuf for their participation this morning.","start":11232.95,"end":11241.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11232.95,"end":11233.03},{"text":"also","start":11233.03,"end":11233.27},{"text":"thank","start":11233.27,"end":11233.67},{"text":"the","start":11234.15,"end":11234.31},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":11234.31,"end":11235.27},{"text":"Mr.","start":11235.27,"end":11235.59},{"text":"Mahmoud","start":11235.59,"end":11235.99},{"text":"Ali","start":11235.99,"end":11236.15},{"text":"Yusuf,","start":11236.15,"end":11236.63},{"text":"and","start":11236.95,"end":11237.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":11237.07,"end":11237.51},{"text":"Abdul","start":11237.67,"end":11238.07},{"text":"Qawi","start":11238.07,"end":11238.55},{"text":"Yusuf","start":11238.71,"end":11239.23},{"text":"for","start":11239.23,"end":11239.35},{"text":"their","start":11239.35,"end":11239.67},{"text":"participation","start":11240.55,"end":11241.19},{"text":"this","start":11241.19,"end":11241.35},{"text":"morning.","start":11241.35,"end":11241.83}]},{"text":"Chile agrees that reaffirming the rule of law among nations is indispensable to preserving a rules based, fair and legitimate international order.","start":11242.55,"end":11250.27,"topics":[{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"Chile","start":11242.55,"end":11242.75},{"text":"agrees","start":11242.75,"end":11243.11},{"text":"that","start":11243.11,"end":11243.27},{"text":"reaffirming","start":11243.27,"end":11243.99},{"text":"the","start":11243.99,"end":11244.11},{"text":"rule","start":11244.11,"end":11244.31},{"text":"of","start":11244.31,"end":11244.39},{"text":"law","start":11244.39,"end":11244.71},{"text":"among","start":11244.71,"end":11245.03},{"text":"nations","start":11245.03,"end":11245.51},{"text":"is","start":11245.51,"end":11245.67},{"text":"indispensable","start":11245.67,"end":11246.47},{"text":"to","start":11246.47,"end":11246.63},{"text":"preserving","start":11246.63,"end":11247.27},{"text":"a","start":11247.27,"end":11247.31},{"text":"rules","start":11247.31,"end":11247.59},{"text":"based,","start":11247.59,"end":11248.15},{"text":"fair","start":11248.15,"end":11248.31},{"text":"and","start":11248.31,"end":11248.55},{"text":"legitimate","start":11248.55,"end":11249.15},{"text":"international","start":11249.15,"end":11249.75},{"text":"order.","start":11249.75,"end":11250.27}]},{"text":"Chile considers it a priority to develop preventive and cooperative strategies, both at the regional and global levels, that allows threats to the rule of law to be anticipated before they escalate into conflict.","start":11250.71,"end":11261.59,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."}],"words":[{"text":"Chile","start":11250.71,"end":11250.99},{"text":"considers","start":11250.99,"end":11251.43},{"text":"it","start":11251.43,"end":11251.55},{"text":"a","start":11251.55,"end":11251.59},{"text":"priority","start":11251.59,"end":11252.23},{"text":"to","start":11252.23,"end":11252.35},{"text":"develop","start":11252.35,"end":11252.75},{"text":"preventive","start":11252.75,"end":11253.35},{"text":"and","start":11253.35,"end":11253.51},{"text":"cooperative","start":11253.51,"end":11254.07},{"text":"strategies,","start":11254.07,"end":11254.79},{"text":"both","start":11254.79,"end":11255.03},{"text":"at","start":11255.03,"end":11255.11},{"text":"the","start":11255.11,"end":11255.19},{"text":"regional","start":11255.19,"end":11255.67},{"text":"and","start":11255.67,"end":11255.79},{"text":"global","start":11255.79,"end":11256.19},{"text":"levels,","start":11256.19,"end":11256.79},{"text":"that","start":11257.11,"end":11257.35},{"text":"allows","start":11257.35,"end":11257.75},{"text":"threats","start":11257.75,"end":11258.07},{"text":"to","start":11258.07,"end":11258.19},{"text":"the","start":11258.19,"end":11258.27},{"text":"rule","start":11258.27,"end":11258.47},{"text":"of","start":11258.47,"end":11258.55},{"text":"law","start":11258.55,"end":11258.71},{"text":"to","start":11258.71,"end":11258.87},{"text":"be","start":11258.87,"end":11258.99},{"text":"anticipated","start":11258.99,"end":11259.75},{"text":"before","start":11259.75,"end":11260.07},{"text":"they","start":11260.07,"end":11260.23},{"text":"escalate","start":11260.23,"end":11260.71},{"text":"into","start":11260.71,"end":11260.95},{"text":"conflict.","start":11260.95,"end":11261.59}]},{"text":"This requires lasting frameworks for collaboration between the United Nations and regional organizations based on effective diplomacy, early information sharing, and the strengthening of institutional capacities, especially in regions affected by historical legacies of inequality and institutional weakness.","start":11262.03,"end":11278.47,"topics":[{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11262.03,"end":11262.23},{"text":"requires","start":11262.23,"end":11262.71},{"text":"lasting","start":11262.71,"end":11263.11},{"text":"frameworks","start":11263.11,"end":11263.71},{"text":"for","start":11263.71,"end":11263.87},{"text":"collaboration","start":11263.87,"end":11264.55},{"text":"between","start":11264.55,"end":11264.87},{"text":"the","start":11264.87,"end":11264.95},{"text":"United","start":11264.95,"end":11265.31},{"text":"Nations","start":11265.31,"end":11265.83},{"text":"and","start":11265.83,"end":11265.99},{"text":"regional","start":11265.99,"end":11266.35},{"text":"organizations","start":11266.35,"end":11267.27},{"text":"based","start":11267.51,"end":11267.83},{"text":"on","start":11267.83,"end":11267.91},{"text":"effective","start":11267.91,"end":11268.39},{"text":"diplomacy,","start":11268.39,"end":11269.11},{"text":"early","start":11269.15,"end":11269.39},{"text":"information","start":11269.39,"end":11269.91},{"text":"sharing,","start":11269.91,"end":11270.39},{"text":"and","start":11270.59,"end":11270.75},{"text":"the","start":11270.75,"end":11270.83},{"text":"strengthening","start":11270.83,"end":11271.43},{"text":"of","start":11271.43,"end":11271.51},{"text":"institutional","start":11271.51,"end":11272.15},{"text":"capacities,","start":11272.15,"end":11272.95},{"text":"especially","start":11273.19,"end":11273.71},{"text":"in","start":11273.71,"end":11273.83},{"text":"regions","start":11273.83,"end":11274.23},{"text":"affected","start":11274.23,"end":11274.63},{"text":"by","start":11274.63,"end":11274.79},{"text":"historical","start":11274.79,"end":11275.43},{"text":"legacies","start":11275.43,"end":11275.91},{"text":"of","start":11275.91,"end":11275.99},{"text":"inequality","start":11275.99,"end":11276.63},{"text":"and","start":11276.63,"end":11276.75},{"text":"institutional","start":11276.75,"end":11277.59},{"text":"weakness.","start":11277.83,"end":11278.47}]},{"text":"In this regard, the Security Council and the UN system as a whole must act with greater coherence and predictability to prevent the erosion of international law.","start":11279.59,"end":11288.19,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":11279.59,"end":11279.67},{"text":"this","start":11279.67,"end":11279.83},{"text":"regard,","start":11279.83,"end":11280.15},{"text":"the","start":11280.15,"end":11280.27},{"text":"Security","start":11280.27,"end":11280.67},{"text":"Council","start":11280.67,"end":11281.11},{"text":"and","start":11281.11,"end":11281.31},{"text":"the","start":11281.31,"end":11281.43},{"text":"UN","start":11281.43,"end":11281.91},{"text":"system","start":11281.91,"end":11282.47},{"text":"as","start":11282.63,"end":11282.79},{"text":"a","start":11282.79,"end":11282.87},{"text":"whole","start":11282.87,"end":11283.19},{"text":"must","start":11283.19,"end":11283.43},{"text":"act","start":11283.43,"end":11283.63},{"text":"with","start":11283.63,"end":11283.75},{"text":"greater","start":11283.75,"end":11284.07},{"text":"coherence","start":11284.07,"end":11284.75},{"text":"and","start":11284.75,"end":11284.87},{"text":"predictability","start":11284.87,"end":11285.83},{"text":"to","start":11286.15,"end":11286.27},{"text":"prevent","start":11286.27,"end":11286.63},{"text":"the","start":11286.63,"end":11286.75},{"text":"erosion","start":11286.75,"end":11287.07},{"text":"of","start":11287.07,"end":11287.19},{"text":"international","start":11287.19,"end":11288.11},{"text":"law.","start":11288.11,"end":11288.19}]},{"text":"This entails a firm commitment to the Charter, respect for international humanitarian law and human rights law, and the rejection of all forms of impunity.","start":11288.47,"end":11296.39,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11288.47,"end":11288.67},{"text":"entails","start":11288.67,"end":11289.11},{"text":"a","start":11289.11,"end":11289.19},{"text":"firm","start":11289.19,"end":11289.51},{"text":"commitment","start":11289.51,"end":11289.95},{"text":"to","start":11289.95,"end":11290.03},{"text":"the","start":11290.03,"end":11290.15},{"text":"Charter,","start":11290.15,"end":11290.75},{"text":"respect","start":11290.75,"end":11291.11},{"text":"for","start":11291.11,"end":11291.23},{"text":"international","start":11291.23,"end":11291.71},{"text":"humanitarian","start":11291.71,"end":11292.47},{"text":"law","start":11292.47,"end":11292.71},{"text":"and","start":11292.71,"end":11292.87},{"text":"human","start":11292.87,"end":11293.19},{"text":"rights","start":11293.19,"end":11293.51},{"text":"law,","start":11293.51,"end":11293.83},{"text":"and","start":11294.07,"end":11294.23},{"text":"the","start":11294.23,"end":11294.31},{"text":"rejection","start":11294.31,"end":11294.83},{"text":"of","start":11294.83,"end":11294.95},{"text":"all","start":11294.95,"end":11295.11},{"text":"forms","start":11295.11,"end":11295.47},{"text":"of","start":11295.47,"end":11295.59},{"text":"impunity.","start":11295.59,"end":11296.39}]},{"text":"The Council must strengthen its preventative role and ensure that its decisions and mandates are implemented consistently without double standards.","start":11296.79,"end":11304.47,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11296.79,"end":11296.87},{"text":"Council","start":11296.87,"end":11297.27},{"text":"must","start":11297.27,"end":11297.67},{"text":"strengthen","start":11297.67,"end":11298.15},{"text":"its","start":11298.15,"end":11298.31},{"text":"preventative","start":11298.31,"end":11299.19},{"text":"role","start":11299.19,"end":11299.67},{"text":"and","start":11299.87,"end":11300.03},{"text":"ensure","start":11300.03,"end":11300.39},{"text":"that","start":11300.39,"end":11300.55},{"text":"its","start":11300.55,"end":11300.79},{"text":"decisions","start":11300.79,"end":11301.23},{"text":"and","start":11301.23,"end":11301.35},{"text":"mandates","start":11301.35,"end":11301.83},{"text":"are","start":11301.83,"end":11301.99},{"text":"implemented","start":11301.99,"end":11302.51},{"text":"consistently","start":11302.51,"end":11303.19},{"text":"without","start":11303.19,"end":11303.59},{"text":"double","start":11303.59,"end":11303.83},{"text":"standards.","start":11303.83,"end":11304.47}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Chile underscores the importance of actively promoting negotiation, mediation, arbitration and judicial settlement, as well as strengthening recourse to regional mechanisms.","start":11305.59,"end":11317.47,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Advancing","start":11350.51,"end":11351.07},{"text":"the","start":11351.07,"end":11351.15},{"text":"rule","start":11351.15,"end":11351.39},{"text":"of","start":11351.39,"end":11351.47},{"text":"law","start":11351.47,"end":11351.75},{"text":"among","start":11351.75,"end":11352.03},{"text":"nations","start":11352.03,"end":11352.51},{"text":"requires","start":11352.51,"end":11352.99},{"text":"better","start":11352.99,"end":11353.31},{"text":"coordination","start":11353.31,"end":11354.03},{"text":"among","start":11354.03,"end":11354.27},{"text":"the","start":11354.27,"end":11354.39},{"text":"various","start":11354.39,"end":11354.75},{"text":"organs","start":11354.75,"end":11355.11},{"text":"of","start":11355.11,"end":11355.19},{"text":"the","start":11355.19,"end":11355.27},{"text":"United","start":11355.27,"end":11355.71},{"text":"Nations.","start":11355.71,"end":11356.27}]},{"text":"Political, technical and resource related barriers persist that hinder coherent action.","start":11357.19,"end":11361.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Political,","start":11357.19,"end":11357.63},{"text":"technical","start":11357.63,"end":11358.19},{"text":"and","start":11358.19,"end":11358.31},{"text":"resource","start":11358.31,"end":11358.75},{"text":"related","start":11358.75,"end":11359.07},{"text":"barriers","start":11359.07,"end":11359.51},{"text":"persist","start":11359.51,"end":11360.07},{"text":"that","start":11360.07,"end":11360.27},{"text":"hinder","start":11360.27,"end":11360.75},{"text":"coherent","start":11360.75,"end":11361.39},{"text":"action.","start":11361.39,"end":11361.87}]},{"text":"Overcoming them requires pragmatic reforms, greater alignment among peace, development and human rights, and the allocation of resources that reflects these priorities.","start":11362.43,"end":11371.87,"topics":[{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Overcoming","start":11362.43,"end":11363.07},{"text":"them","start":11363.07,"end":11363.31},{"text":"requires","start":11363.31,"end":11363.79},{"text":"pragmatic","start":11363.79,"end":11364.35},{"text":"reforms,","start":11364.35,"end":11365.07},{"text":"greater","start":11365.07,"end":11365.59},{"text":"alignment","start":11365.59,"end":11366.23},{"text":"among","start":11366.23,"end":11366.51},{"text":"peace,","start":11366.51,"end":11366.99},{"text":"development","start":11366.99,"end":11367.55},{"text":"and","start":11367.55,"end":11367.67},{"text":"human","start":11367.67,"end":11368.03},{"text":"rights,","start":11368.03,"end":11368.51},{"text":"and","start":11368.87,"end":11369.03},{"text":"the","start":11369.03,"end":11369.11},{"text":"allocation","start":11369.11,"end":11369.63},{"text":"of","start":11369.63,"end":11369.71},{"text":"resources","start":11369.71,"end":11370.27},{"text":"that","start":11370.27,"end":11370.43},{"text":"reflects","start":11370.43,"end":11370.83},{"text":"these","start":11370.83,"end":11371.03},{"text":"priorities.","start":11371.03,"end":11371.87}]},{"text":"Effective cooperation between the Security Council, the General Assembly and the specialised bodies is key to maximising impact and legitimacy.","start":11372.27,"end":11379.39,"topics":[{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Effective","start":11372.27,"end":11372.67},{"text":"cooperation","start":11372.67,"end":11373.23},{"text":"between","start":11373.23,"end":11373.51},{"text":"the","start":11373.51,"end":11373.59},{"text":"Security","start":11373.59,"end":11374.07},{"text":"Council,","start":11374.07,"end":11374.43},{"text":"the","start":11374.43,"end":11374.55},{"text":"General","start":11374.55,"end":11374.87},{"text":"Assembly","start":11374.87,"end":11375.31},{"text":"and","start":11375.31,"end":11375.43},{"text":"the","start":11375.43,"end":11375.51},{"text":"specialised","start":11375.51,"end":11376.03},{"text":"bodies","start":11376.03,"end":11376.35},{"text":"is","start":11376.35,"end":11376.51},{"text":"key","start":11376.51,"end":11376.91},{"text":"to","start":11377.15,"end":11377.27},{"text":"maximising","start":11377.27,"end":11378.03},{"text":"impact","start":11378.03,"end":11378.47},{"text":"and","start":11378.47,"end":11378.59},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":11378.59,"end":11379.39}]},{"text":"Finally, Mr. President, Chile reaffirms its commitment to people-centered multilateralism grounded in international law and oriented toward peace.","start":11379.87,"end":11389.15,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":11379.87,"end":11380.15},{"text":"Mr.","start":11380.15,"end":11380.39},{"text":"President,","start":11380.39,"end":11380.91},{"text":"Chile","start":11381.23,"end":11381.63},{"text":"reaffirms","start":11381.63,"end":11382.35},{"text":"its","start":11382.35,"end":11382.51},{"text":"commitment","start":11382.51,"end":11383.19},{"text":"to","start":11383.19,"end":11383.63},{"text":"people-centered","start":11383.63,"end":11384.67},{"text":"multilateralism","start":11384.67,"end":11385.63},{"text":"grounded","start":11385.87,"end":11386.35},{"text":"in","start":11386.35,"end":11386.51},{"text":"international","start":11386.51,"end":11387.47},{"text":"law","start":11387.47,"end":11387.55},{"text":"and","start":11387.55,"end":11387.79},{"text":"oriented","start":11387.79,"end":11388.31},{"text":"toward","start":11388.31,"end":11388.67},{"text":"peace.","start":11388.67,"end":11389.15}]},{"text":"Reaffirming the rule of law is not only a legal obligation, but a collective responsibility to ensure dignity, justice, and security for present and future generations.","start":11389.47,"end":11398.27,"topics":[{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. 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Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Reaffirming","start":11389.47,"end":11390.03},{"text":"the","start":11390.03,"end":11390.11},{"text":"rule","start":11390.11,"end":11390.27},{"text":"of","start":11390.27,"end":11390.35},{"text":"law","start":11390.35,"end":11390.67},{"text":"is","start":11390.67,"end":11390.83},{"text":"not","start":11390.83,"end":11390.99},{"text":"only","start":11390.99,"end":11391.19},{"text":"a","start":11391.19,"end":11391.23},{"text":"legal","start":11391.23,"end":11391.67},{"text":"obligation,","start":11391.67,"end":11392.35},{"text":"but","start":11392.35,"end":11392.47},{"text":"a","start":11392.47,"end":11392.51},{"text":"collective","start":11392.51,"end":11393.07},{"text":"responsibility","start":11393.07,"end":11393.95},{"text":"to","start":11394.19,"end":11394.31},{"text":"ensure","start":11394.31,"end":11394.67},{"text":"dignity,","start":11394.67,"end":11395.23},{"text":"justice,","start":11395.23,"end":11395.71},{"text":"and","start":11395.71,"end":11395.87},{"text":"security","start":11395.87,"end":11396.51},{"text":"for","start":11396.51,"end":11396.71},{"text":"present","start":11396.71,"end":11397.11},{"text":"and","start":11397.11,"end":11397.23},{"text":"future","start":11397.23,"end":11397.63},{"text":"generations.","start":11397.63,"end":11398.27}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":11398.27,"end":11398.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11398.27,"end":11398.43},{"text":"you","start":11398.43,"end":11398.51},{"text":"very","start":11398.51,"end":11398.67},{"text":"much.","start":11398.67,"end":11398.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHL","affiliation_full":"Chile","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":11400.51,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10096?lang=en&t=11401","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Chile for his statement.","start":11400.51,"end":11404.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11400.51,"end":11400.59},{"text":"thank","start":11400.67,"end":11400.99},{"text":"the","start":11401.15,"end":11401.27},{"text":"representative","start":11401.27,"end":11402.03},{"text":"of","start":11402.55,"end":11402.67},{"text":"Chile","start":11402.67,"end":11403.07},{"text":"for","start":11403.43,"end":11403.59},{"text":"his","start":11403.59,"end":11403.79},{"text":"statement.","start":11403.79,"end":11404.43}]},{"text":"There are still number of speakers remaining on my list for this meeting.","start":11405.71,"end":11409.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":11405.71,"end":11405.91},{"text":"are","start":11405.91,"end":11405.99},{"text":"still","start":11405.99,"end":11406.47},{"text":"number","start":11406.47,"end":11406.87},{"text":"of","start":11406.87,"end":11406.95},{"text":"speakers","start":11406.95,"end":11407.51},{"text":"remaining","start":11407.51,"end":11407.83},{"text":"on","start":11407.83,"end":11407.91},{"text":"my","start":11407.91,"end":11408.07},{"text":"list","start":11408.07,"end":11408.47},{"text":"for","start":11408.75,"end":11408.87},{"text":"this","start":11408.87,"end":11409.11},{"text":"meeting.","start":11409.11,"end":11409.59}]},{"text":"I intend with the concurrence of the members of the council to suspend the meeting until 3:00 PM.","start":11410.31,"end":11416.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11410.31,"end":11410.55},{"text":"intend","start":11410.55,"end":11411.03},{"text":"with","start":11411.03,"end":11411.19},{"text":"the","start":11411.19,"end":11411.27},{"text":"concurrence","start":11411.27,"end":11411.91},{"text":"of","start":11411.95,"end":11412.07},{"text":"the","start":11412.07,"end":11412.15},{"text":"members","start":11412.15,"end":11412.71},{"text":"of","start":11412.75,"end":11412.87},{"text":"the","start":11412.87,"end":11412.95},{"text":"council","start":11412.95,"end":11413.51},{"text":"to","start":11413.91,"end":11414.03},{"text":"suspend","start":11414.03,"end":11414.55},{"text":"the","start":11414.55,"end":11414.63},{"text":"meeting","start":11414.63,"end":11415.11},{"text":"until","start":11415.75,"end":11416.15},{"text":"3:00","start":11416.15,"end":11416.19},{"text":"PM.","start":11416.19,"end":11416.71}]},{"text":"The meeting is suspended.","start":11419.51,"end":11420.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11419.51,"end":11419.67},{"text":"meeting","start":11419.67,"end":11420.03},{"text":"is","start":11420.03,"end":11420.11},{"text":"suspended.","start":11420.11,"end":11420.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abukar Osman","affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}}],"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-law","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Civilian Protection","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law in conflict settings such as Gaza, Sudan, Ukraine, Haiti, and the DRC. Protecting civilians, ensuring humanitarian access, and preventing attacks on civilian infrastructure were major concerns."},{"key":"charter-principles","label":"UN Charter Principles","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for renewed adherence to the core principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality, non-interference, self-determination, territorial integrity, and the prohibition on the threat or use of force. These principles were presented as the legal basis of international peace and security."},{"key":"peaceful-settlement","label":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes","description":"Many delegations emphasized negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement under the Charter as the preferred means to prevent escalation and resolve disputes. Article 33 and other peaceful mechanisms were described as underused but essential tools."},{"key":"international-courts","label":"International Courts and Tribunals","description":"Numerous statements stressed the importance of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and other tribunals in settling disputes, clarifying legal obligations, and ensuring accountability. Several speakers urged states to respect court decisions and strengthen support for these institutions."},{"key":"regional-partnerships","label":"Regional Organizations and Partnerships","description":"Many speakers highlighted the role of regional organizations such as the African Union and ASEAN in conflict prevention, mediation, and peace support. Stronger coordination between the UN and regional bodies was presented as vital for effective and legitimate multilateral action."},{"key":"selective-application","label":"Selective Application of International Law","description":"A recurring concern was the inconsistent or politicized application of international law, treaties, and Security Council resolutions. Speakers warned that double standards and impunity weaken trust in multilateral institutions and undermine the credibility of the legal order."},{"key":"security-council-reform","label":"Security Council Reform","description":"Several delegations argued that the Security Council must become more representative, effective, and accountable in order to uphold the rule of law. Reform proposals included expanding representation, improving implementation of resolutions, and restricting or abolishing misuse of the veto."},{"key":"peacebuilding-institutions","label":"Peacebuilding, Development, and National Institutions","description":"A number of statements linked lasting peace to strong justice institutions, peace operations, and national capacity-building, as well as to development and inclusion. Speakers argued that poverty, inequality, corruption, and weak institutions are root causes of instability that must be addressed alongside security measures."}]}}