{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/zh/sc/10145?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/zh/sc/10145.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1f/k1fbr4eeg9","kaltura_id":"1_fbr4eeg9","title":"海事领域水道安全与保护问题 - 安全理事会第10145次会议","clean_title":"海事领域水道安全与保护问题 - 安全理事会第10145次会议","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1f/k1fbr4eeg9","date":"2026-04-27T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-04-27T15:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:42:28","category":"安全理事会","body":"Security Council","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":"S/PV.10145","pv_part":1,"slug":"sc/10145"},"metadata":{"summary":"Open debate of the Security Council in connection with \"The safety and protection of waterways in the maritime domain\" under the agenda item \"Maintenance of international peace and security\".","description":"Maintenance of international peace and security: The safety and protection of waterways in the maritime domain.\nRemarks by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres\nLetter dated 20 April 2026 from the Permanent Representative of Bahrain to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General (S/2026/346)","categories":["Meetings & Events","Security Council","Thematic Debate"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["PEACE AND SECURITY","INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY","INTERNATIONAL WATERCOURSES","SEAS"],"corporate_name":["SECURITY COUNCIL"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"Concept note (S/2026/346)","url":"https://docs.un.org/en/S/2026/346?direct=true"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-pro-e9955bc0-ce4b-48af-9d7a-389be15a9912","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1.805,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=2","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"The 10,145th meeting of the Security Council is called to order.","start":1.805,"end":7.346,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1.805,"end":1.902},{"text":"10,145th","start":1.902,"end":4.632},{"text":"meeting","start":4.811,"end":5.201},{"text":"of","start":5.38,"end":5.445},{"text":"the","start":5.477,"end":5.558},{"text":"Security","start":5.558,"end":5.932},{"text":"Council","start":5.965,"end":6.452},{"text":"is","start":6.452,"end":6.582},{"text":"called","start":6.615,"end":6.907},{"text":"to","start":6.94,"end":7.086},{"text":"order.","start":7.102,"end":7.346}]},{"text":"The provisional agenda for this meeting is: Maintenance of International Peace and Security.","start":14.61,"end":20.305,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":14.61,"end":14.691},{"text":"provisional","start":14.691,"end":15.336},{"text":"agenda","start":15.336,"end":15.901},{"text":"for","start":16.062,"end":16.224},{"text":"this","start":16.224,"end":16.353},{"text":"meeting","start":16.466,"end":16.837},{"text":"is:","start":17.014,"end":17.159},{"text":"Maintenance","start":18.159,"end":18.627},{"text":"of","start":18.627,"end":18.724},{"text":"International","start":18.724,"end":19.369},{"text":"Peace","start":19.369,"end":19.627},{"text":"and","start":19.627,"end":19.692},{"text":"Security.","start":19.692,"end":20.305}]},{"text":"The Safety and Protection of Waterways in the Maritime 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agenda.","start":231.281,"end":236.445,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":231.281,"end":231.443},{"text":"Security","start":231.443,"end":231.912},{"text":"Council","start":231.912,"end":232.447},{"text":"will","start":232.576,"end":232.738},{"text":"now","start":232.738,"end":232.932},{"text":"begin","start":233.046,"end":233.353},{"text":"its","start":234.098,"end":234.276},{"text":"consideration","start":234.276,"end":234.972},{"text":"of","start":235.101,"end":235.215},{"text":"Item","start":235.312,"end":235.538},{"text":"2","start":235.635,"end":235.749},{"text":"of","start":235.975,"end":236.072},{"text":"the","start":236.137,"end":236.202},{"text":"agenda.","start":236.202,"end":236.445}]},{"text":"I wish to draw the attention of Council members to document S/2026/346, a letter dated April 20th, 2026, from the Permanent Representative of Bahrain to the United Nations, addressed to the Secretary-General, transmitting a concept paper on the item under consideration.","start":239.594,"end":264.528,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":239.594,"end":239.643},{"text":"wish","start":239.675,"end":239.854},{"text":"to","start":239.854,"end":239.952},{"text":"draw","start":239.952,"end":240.131},{"text":"the","start":240.196,"end":240.228},{"text":"attention","start":240.326,"end":240.798},{"text":"of","start":241.725,"end":241.855},{"text":"Council","start":241.953,"end":242.344},{"text":"members","start":242.36,"end":242.669},{"text":"to","start":243.173,"end":243.206},{"text":"document","start":243.255,"end":243.808},{"text":"S/2026/346,","start":243.808,"end":245.061},{"text":"a","start":249.1,"end":249.132},{"text":"letter","start":249.132,"end":249.455},{"text":"dated","start":249.455,"end":249.794},{"text":"April","start":249.794,"end":249.972},{"text":"20th,","start":249.972,"end":250.828},{"text":"2026,","start":251.07,"end":253.008},{"text":"from","start":253.557,"end":253.686},{"text":"the","start":253.799,"end":253.896},{"text":"Permanent","start":253.896,"end":254.445},{"text":"Representative","start":254.445,"end":255.188},{"text":"of","start":255.269,"end":255.366},{"text":"Bahrain","start":255.415,"end":255.818},{"text":"to","start":257.127,"end":257.272},{"text":"the","start":257.272,"end":257.369},{"text":"United","start":257.369,"end":257.627},{"text":"Nations,","start":257.66,"end":258.063},{"text":"addressed","start":258.498,"end":258.95},{"text":"to","start":258.982,"end":259.112},{"text":"the","start":259.144,"end":259.224},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":259.224,"end":260.596},{"text":"transmitting","start":260.918,"end":261.612},{"text":"a","start":261.644,"end":261.725},{"text":"concept","start":261.725,"end":262.193},{"text":"paper","start":262.209,"end":262.629},{"text":"on","start":262.942,"end":263.077},{"text":"the","start":263.094,"end":263.195},{"text":"item","start":263.195,"end":263.6},{"text":"under","start":263.684,"end":263.87},{"text":"consideration.","start":263.954,"end":264.528}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the Secretary-General, His Excellency Mr. Antonio Guterres.","start":267.7,"end":272.702,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":267.7,"end":267.732},{"text":"now","start":267.732,"end":267.812},{"text":"give","start":267.909,"end":268.119},{"text":"the","start":268.119,"end":268.2},{"text":"floor","start":268.2,"end":268.571},{"text":"to","start":269.507,"end":269.636},{"text":"the","start":269.652,"end":269.83},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":269.83,"end":270.782},{"text":"His","start":270.862,"end":270.975},{"text":"Excellency","start":271.04,"end":271.572},{"text":"Mr.","start":271.605,"end":271.863},{"text":"Antonio","start":271.927,"end":272.347},{"text":"Guterres.","start":272.347,"end":272.702}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":275.333,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=276","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Your Excellency Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani, Excellencies.","start":275.333,"end":281.327,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":275.333,"end":275.526},{"text":"President,","start":275.574,"end":276.378},{"text":"Your","start":276.844,"end":276.972},{"text":"Excellency","start":277.004,"end":277.551},{"text":"Abdul","start":277.808,"end":278.033},{"text":"Latif","start":278.033,"end":278.402},{"text":"bin","start":278.531,"end":278.644},{"text":"Rashid","start":278.692,"end":279.174},{"text":"Al","start":279.174,"end":279.27},{"text":"Zayani,","start":279.27,"end":279.881},{"text":"Excellencies.","start":280.7,"end":281.327}]},{"text":"I thank the Presidency of Bahrain for convening this Open Debate at a moment when the safety of the world's waterways has become a test of the international order itself.","start":282.629,"end":292.655,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":282.629,"end":282.645},{"text":"thank","start":282.645,"end":283.047},{"text":"the","start":283.047,"end":283.207},{"text":"Presidency","start":283.207,"end":283.834},{"text":"of","start":283.995,"end":284.14},{"text":"Bahrain","start":284.14,"end":284.382},{"text":"for","start":284.884,"end":284.965},{"text":"convening","start":285.046,"end":285.516},{"text":"this","start":285.548,"end":285.791},{"text":"Open","start":285.791,"end":286.034},{"text":"Debate","start":286.034,"end":286.584},{"text":"at","start":287.41,"end":287.571},{"text":"a","start":287.571,"end":287.588},{"text":"moment","start":287.62,"end":288.041},{"text":"when","start":288.041,"end":288.106},{"text":"the","start":288.219,"end":288.3},{"text":"safety","start":288.3,"end":288.85},{"text":"of","start":288.85,"end":288.948},{"text":"the","start":288.948,"end":289.028},{"text":"world's","start":289.028,"end":289.336},{"text":"waterways","start":289.352,"end":290.048},{"text":"has","start":290.372,"end":290.453},{"text":"become","start":290.502,"end":290.761},{"text":"a","start":290.809,"end":290.825},{"text":"test","start":290.971,"end":291.505},{"text":"of","start":291.635,"end":291.764},{"text":"the","start":291.764,"end":291.845},{"text":"international","start":291.845,"end":292.363},{"text":"order","start":292.363,"end":292.558},{"text":"itself.","start":292.558,"end":292.655}]},{"text":"For centuries, maritime routes have been the arteries of global trade—carrying goods, energy and ideas across continents; connecting societies, economies and cultures.","start":294.896,"end":308.352,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":294.896,"end":295.009},{"text":"centuries,","start":295.009,"end":295.587},{"text":"maritime","start":296.004,"end":296.373},{"text":"routes","start":296.486,"end":296.727},{"text":"have","start":296.727,"end":297.112},{"text":"been","start":297.144,"end":297.353},{"text":"the","start":297.529,"end":297.69},{"text":"arteries","start":297.77,"end":298.268},{"text":"of","start":298.268,"end":298.413},{"text":"global","start":298.413,"end":298.637},{"text":"trade—carrying","start":298.75,"end":300.725},{"text":"goods,","start":300.837,"end":301.206},{"text":"energy","start":301.624,"end":302.009},{"text":"and","start":302.282,"end":302.346},{"text":"ideas","start":302.443,"end":302.973},{"text":"across","start":303.181,"end":303.567},{"text":"continents;","start":303.567,"end":304.241},{"text":"connecting","start":305.012,"end":305.397},{"text":"societies,","start":305.59,"end":306.505},{"text":"economies","start":306.858,"end":307.388},{"text":"and","start":307.661,"end":307.725},{"text":"cultures.","start":307.822,"end":308.352}]},{"text":"Today, those arteries are under strain.","start":309.684,"end":311.804,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":309.684,"end":309.909},{"text":"those","start":310.23,"end":310.439},{"text":"arteries","start":310.535,"end":310.921},{"text":"are","start":311.017,"end":311.113},{"text":"under","start":311.113,"end":311.29},{"text":"strain.","start":311.29,"end":311.804}]},{"text":"Piracy, armed robbery at sea and acts of terror against shipping and critical marine infrastructure continue to threaten international peace and security.","start":312.639,"end":322.249,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Piracy,","start":312.639,"end":313.169},{"text":"armed","start":313.522,"end":313.827},{"text":"robbery","start":313.827,"end":314.18},{"text":"at","start":314.18,"end":314.325},{"text":"sea","start":314.325,"end":314.662},{"text":"and","start":315.368,"end":315.433},{"text":"acts","start":315.529,"end":315.754},{"text":"of","start":315.754,"end":315.818},{"text":"terror","start":315.914,"end":316.251},{"text":"against","start":316.251,"end":316.637},{"text":"shipping","start":316.637,"end":317.022},{"text":"and","start":317.118,"end":317.247},{"text":"critical","start":317.295,"end":317.777},{"text":"marine","start":317.777,"end":318.082},{"text":"infrastructure","start":318.082,"end":318.949},{"text":"continue","start":319.532,"end":319.923},{"text":"to","start":319.955,"end":320.102},{"text":"threaten","start":320.102,"end":320.606},{"text":"international","start":320.606,"end":321.224},{"text":"peace","start":321.338,"end":321.582},{"text":"and","start":321.582,"end":321.663},{"text":"security.","start":321.663,"end":322.249}]},{"text":"Geopolitical tensions are spilling into the waters.","start":323.93,"end":326.842,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Geopolitical","start":323.93,"end":324.383},{"text":"tensions","start":324.447,"end":324.981},{"text":"are","start":325.24,"end":325.321},{"text":"spilling","start":325.321,"end":325.871},{"text":"into","start":326.049,"end":326.276},{"text":"the","start":326.292,"end":326.373},{"text":"waters.","start":326.389,"end":326.842}]},{"text":"Merchant shipping is being used as a tool of pressure.","start":327.991,"end":331.648,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Merchant","start":327.991,"end":328.315},{"text":"shipping","start":328.315,"end":328.768},{"text":"is","start":329.286,"end":329.35},{"text":"being","start":329.464,"end":329.674},{"text":"used","start":329.771,"end":330.208},{"text":"as","start":330.516,"end":330.677},{"text":"a","start":330.677,"end":330.758},{"text":"tool","start":330.823,"end":331.017},{"text":"of","start":331.017,"end":331.13},{"text":"pressure.","start":331.228,"end":331.648}]},{"text":"And navigation rights and freedoms, bedrock principles of the Law of the Sea, are being undermined.","start":332.77,"end":338.499,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":332.77,"end":332.882},{"text":"navigation","start":332.882,"end":333.333},{"text":"rights","start":333.51,"end":333.848},{"text":"and","start":333.848,"end":333.928},{"text":"freedoms,","start":333.993,"end":334.54},{"text":"bedrock","start":334.652,"end":335.2},{"text":"principles","start":335.2,"end":335.715},{"text":"of","start":335.715,"end":335.795},{"text":"the","start":335.843,"end":335.94},{"text":"Law","start":335.94,"end":336.052},{"text":"of","start":336.085,"end":336.117},{"text":"the","start":336.117,"end":336.197},{"text":"Sea,","start":336.197,"end":336.6},{"text":"are","start":337.211,"end":337.372},{"text":"being","start":337.388,"end":337.758},{"text":"undermined.","start":338.032,"end":338.499}]},{"text":"Mr. President, no country can address these challenges alone.","start":340.21,"end":344.285,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":340.21,"end":340.356},{"text":"President,","start":340.405,"end":341.139},{"text":"no","start":341.856,"end":342.101},{"text":"country","start":342.101,"end":342.492},{"text":"can","start":342.508,"end":342.638},{"text":"address","start":342.687,"end":343.079},{"text":"these","start":343.079,"end":343.225},{"text":"challenges","start":343.258,"end":343.829},{"text":"alone.","start":343.829,"end":344.285}]},{"text":"Maritime security threats touch every port, every coastline, every country—even landlocked ones.","start":345.297,"end":352.1,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":345.297,"end":345.714},{"text":"security","start":345.714,"end":346.292},{"text":"threats","start":346.292,"end":346.934},{"text":"touch","start":346.982,"end":347.126},{"text":"every","start":347.319,"end":347.527},{"text":"port,","start":347.64,"end":348.121},{"text":"every","start":348.265,"end":348.49},{"text":"coastline,","start":348.506,"end":349.051},{"text":"every","start":349.725,"end":349.966},{"text":"country—even","start":350.03,"end":351.121},{"text":"landlocked","start":351.233,"end":351.811},{"text":"ones.","start":351.811,"end":352.1}]},{"text":"They demand collective responses.","start":353.175,"end":355.308,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":353.175,"end":353.319},{"text":"demand","start":353.335,"end":353.784},{"text":"collective","start":354.057,"end":354.635},{"text":"responses.","start":354.635,"end":355.308}]},{"text":"Yet war and deepening divisions are shaking the collective security system.","start":356.688,"end":361.084,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet","start":356.688,"end":356.897},{"text":"war","start":357.025,"end":357.33},{"text":"and","start":357.33,"end":357.426},{"text":"deepening","start":357.426,"end":357.795},{"text":"divisions","start":357.811,"end":358.437},{"text":"are","start":358.934,"end":358.966},{"text":"shaking","start":358.966,"end":359.4},{"text":"the","start":359.512,"end":359.656},{"text":"collective","start":359.656,"end":360.138},{"text":"security","start":360.138,"end":360.699},{"text":"system.","start":360.699,"end":361.084}]},{"text":"Trust is eroding.","start":362.191,"end":363.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Trust","start":362.191,"end":362.576},{"text":"is","start":362.704,"end":362.769},{"text":"eroding.","start":362.865,"end":363.33}]},{"text":"International law is being violated in plain sight.","start":364.261,"end":366.972,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":394.442,"end":394.54},{"text":"carries","start":394.54,"end":394.95},{"text":"roughly","start":394.95,"end":395.327},{"text":"one-fifth","start":395.343,"end":395.9},{"text":"of","start":395.999,"end":396.146},{"text":"global","start":396.163,"end":396.441},{"text":"oil","start":396.49,"end":396.72},{"text":"trade,","start":396.736,"end":397.048},{"text":"1/5","start":397.878,"end":398.33},{"text":"of","start":398.508,"end":398.605},{"text":"global","start":398.605,"end":398.896},{"text":"liquefied","start":398.929,"end":399.543},{"text":"natural","start":399.575,"end":399.882},{"text":"gas,","start":399.963,"end":400.27},{"text":"and","start":401.111,"end":401.176},{"text":"nearly","start":401.273,"end":401.968},{"text":"1/3","start":402.146,"end":402.76},{"text":"of","start":403.132,"end":403.261},{"text":"internationally","start":403.52,"end":404.474},{"text":"traded","start":404.506,"end":405.007},{"text":"fertilizers.","start":405.153,"end":405.848}]},{"text":"Safe and unimpeded passage is an economic and humanitarian imperative.","start":407.416,"end":413.043,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Acute","start":420.082,"end":420.565},{"text":"volatility","start":420.565,"end":421.225},{"text":"in","start":421.37,"end":421.482},{"text":"energy","start":421.595,"end":421.901},{"text":"and","start":421.933,"end":422.078},{"text":"commodity","start":422.078,"end":422.561},{"text":"markets,","start":422.561,"end":423.108},{"text":"surging","start":423.93,"end":424.365},{"text":"transport","start":424.478,"end":425.202},{"text":"and","start":425.202,"end":425.347},{"text":"insurance","start":425.347,"end":426.876},{"text":"costs,","start":426.876,"end":427.263},{"text":"and","start":428.18,"end":428.422},{"text":"the","start":429.468,"end":429.629},{"text":"worst","start":429.629,"end":429.887},{"text":"supply","start":429.935,"end":430.434},{"text":"chain","start":430.434,"end":430.692},{"text":"disruption","start":430.74,"end":431.368},{"text":"since","start":431.4,"end":431.722},{"text":"COVID-19","start":431.722,"end":432.656},{"text":"and","start":433.171,"end":433.235},{"text":"the","start":433.3,"end":433.333},{"text":"war","start":433.333,"end":433.58},{"text":"in","start":433.58,"end":433.663},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":433.663,"end":434.125}]},{"text":"These pressures are cascading into empty fuel tanks, empty shelves, and empty plates.","start":435.836,"end":441.805,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":435.836,"end":435.949},{"text":"pressures","start":436.078,"end":436.465},{"text":"are","start":436.562,"end":436.594},{"text":"cascading","start":436.594,"end":437.272},{"text":"into","start":437.385,"end":437.659},{"text":"empty","start":437.772,"end":438.079},{"text":"fuel","start":438.095,"end":438.304},{"text":"tanks,","start":438.417,"end":439.014},{"text":"empty","start":439.24,"end":439.53},{"text":"shelves,","start":439.547,"end":440.014},{"text":"and","start":440.692,"end":440.756},{"text":"empty","start":440.918,"end":441.176},{"text":"plates.","start":441.724,"end":441.805}]},{"text":"The humanitarian toll is mounting.","start":443.42,"end":445.047,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Delays","start":445.877,"end":446.349},{"text":"and","start":446.446,"end":446.609},{"text":"rising","start":446.609,"end":446.918},{"text":"costs","start":447.016,"end":447.374},{"text":"are","start":447.423,"end":447.504},{"text":"slowing","start":447.521,"end":447.976},{"text":"life-saving","start":448.074,"end":448.627},{"text":"deliveries,","start":448.643,"end":449.115},{"text":"to","start":449.514,"end":449.645},{"text":"people","start":449.678,"end":450.039},{"text":"who","start":450.072,"end":450.17},{"text":"cannot","start":450.17,"end":450.58},{"text":"wait.","start":450.58,"end":450.826}]},{"text":"And this crisis coincides with critical planting seasons.","start":452.12,"end":455.999,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":452.12,"end":452.2},{"text":"this","start":452.2,"end":452.394},{"text":"crisis","start":452.394,"end":452.879},{"text":"coincides","start":452.879,"end":453.574},{"text":"with","start":454.011,"end":454.221},{"text":"critical","start":454.318,"end":454.835},{"text":"planting","start":454.98,"end":455.352},{"text":"seasons.","start":455.401,"end":455.999}]},{"text":"Prolonged disruption risks triggering a global food emergency, pushing millions—especially in Africa and South Asia—into hunger and poverty.","start":457.308,"end":467.012,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":482.73,"end":482.811},{"text":"President,","start":482.893,"end":483.496},{"text":"behind","start":484.229,"end":484.637},{"text":"the","start":484.637,"end":484.784},{"text":"cargo","start":484.784,"end":485.061},{"text":"figures","start":485.191,"end":485.746},{"text":"and","start":485.925,"end":485.99},{"text":"the","start":486.023,"end":486.186},{"text":"price","start":486.186,"end":486.512},{"text":"surges","start":486.512,"end":486.968},{"text":"are","start":487.245,"end":487.408},{"text":"people.","start":487.408,"end":487.751}]},{"text":"More than 20,000 seafarers remain stranded at sea.","start":488.93,"end":492.096,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":488.93,"end":489.106},{"text":"than","start":489.106,"end":489.171},{"text":"20,000","start":489.283,"end":489.974},{"text":"seafarers","start":489.99,"end":490.697},{"text":"remain","start":490.729,"end":491.019},{"text":"stranded","start":491.051,"end":491.597},{"text":"at","start":491.597,"end":491.758},{"text":"sea.","start":491.758,"end":492.096}]},{"text":"Over 2,000 commercial vessels are caught in a web of risk and restrictions to navigation.","start":493.365,"end":498.739,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":500.05,"end":500.228},{"text":"men","start":500.228,"end":500.454},{"text":"and","start":500.454,"end":500.551},{"text":"women","start":500.616,"end":500.907},{"text":"are","start":501.506,"end":501.603},{"text":"not","start":501.603,"end":501.781},{"text":"parties","start":501.911,"end":502.299},{"text":"to","start":502.332,"end":502.477},{"text":"any","start":502.494,"end":502.623},{"text":"conflict.","start":502.655,"end":503.076}]},{"text":"They are civilian workers keeping the world supplied.","start":503.973,"end":506.989,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. 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Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":559.314,"end":559.362},{"text":"appeal","start":559.475,"end":559.927},{"text":"to","start":560.508,"end":560.604},{"text":"the","start":560.604,"end":560.766},{"text":"parties:","start":560.766,"end":561.298},{"text":"open","start":561.96,"end":562.218},{"text":"the","start":562.218,"end":562.315},{"text":"strait.","start":562.315,"end":562.782}]},{"text":"Let ships pass.","start":563.734,"end":564.589,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":565.4,"end":565.578},{"text":"tolls.","start":565.578,"end":565.887}]},{"text":"No discrimination.","start":566.423,"end":567.35,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":566.423,"end":566.57},{"text":"discrimination.","start":566.57,"end":567.35}]},{"text":"Let trade resume.","start":568.179,"end":569.138,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":568.179,"end":568.423},{"text":"trade","start":568.423,"end":568.699},{"text":"resume.","start":568.699,"end":569.138}]},{"text":"Let the global economy breathe.","start":569.967,"end":571.706,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":569.967,"end":570.097},{"text":"the","start":570.21,"end":570.292},{"text":"global","start":570.292,"end":570.584},{"text":"economy","start":570.617,"end":571.121},{"text":"breathe.","start":571.527,"end":571.706}]},{"text":"Mr. President, this moment calls for restraint, dialogue and confidence-building.","start":573.3,"end":578.394,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":573.3,"end":573.429},{"text":"President,","start":573.494,"end":574.108},{"text":"this","start":575.03,"end":575.256},{"text":"moment","start":575.256,"end":575.531},{"text":"calls","start":575.58,"end":575.806},{"text":"for","start":575.92,"end":576.065},{"text":"restraint,","start":576.065,"end":576.728},{"text":"dialogue","start":576.89,"end":577.359},{"text":"and","start":577.359,"end":577.521},{"text":"confidence-building.","start":577.521,"end":578.394}]},{"text":"The way forward is through peaceful settlement, drawing on Articles 33 and 34 of Chapter VI of the UN Charter.","start":579.461,"end":586.972,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":579.461,"end":579.542},{"text":"way","start":579.542,"end":579.639},{"text":"forward","start":579.639,"end":580.173},{"text":"is","start":580.302,"end":580.416},{"text":"through","start":580.448,"end":580.61},{"text":"peaceful","start":580.691,"end":581.03},{"text":"settlement,","start":581.03,"end":581.58},{"text":"drawing","start":582.246,"end":582.518},{"text":"on","start":582.582,"end":582.63},{"text":"Articles","start":582.726,"end":583.191},{"text":"33","start":583.255,"end":583.784},{"text":"and","start":583.784,"end":583.88},{"text":"34","start":583.88,"end":584.601},{"text":"of","start":584.986,"end":585.034},{"text":"Chapter","start":585.13,"end":585.402},{"text":"VI","start":585.402,"end":585.819},{"text":"of","start":586.107,"end":586.203},{"text":"the","start":586.203,"end":586.251},{"text":"UN","start":586.251,"end":586.396},{"text":"Charter.","start":586.492,"end":586.972}]},{"text":"My good offices remain available to support Member States in finding common ground.","start":588.03,"end":593.366,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":588.03,"end":588.174},{"text":"good","start":588.19,"end":588.35},{"text":"offices","start":588.35,"end":588.799},{"text":"remain","start":588.831,"end":589.152},{"text":"available","start":589.152,"end":589.584},{"text":"to","start":590.177,"end":590.257},{"text":"support","start":590.257,"end":590.738},{"text":"Member","start":590.738,"end":590.978},{"text":"States","start":590.978,"end":591.411},{"text":"in","start":591.876,"end":591.924},{"text":"finding","start":592.02,"end":592.404},{"text":"common","start":592.757,"end":592.965},{"text":"ground.","start":593.077,"end":593.366}]},{"text":"My Special Representatives and Envoys are working closely with national and regional partners to help resolve disputes.","start":594.776,"end":600.977,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":594.776,"end":594.856},{"text":"Special","start":594.856,"end":595.321},{"text":"Representatives","start":595.321,"end":596.042},{"text":"and","start":596.042,"end":596.186},{"text":"Envoys","start":596.186,"end":596.747},{"text":"are","start":596.747,"end":596.811},{"text":"working","start":596.827,"end":597.131},{"text":"closely","start":597.227,"end":597.532},{"text":"with","start":597.564,"end":597.756},{"text":"national","start":597.788,"end":598.125},{"text":"and","start":598.125,"end":598.269},{"text":"regional","start":598.269,"end":598.589},{"text":"partners","start":598.685,"end":599.182},{"text":"to","start":599.647,"end":599.759},{"text":"help","start":599.791,"end":599.967},{"text":"resolve","start":599.967,"end":600.336},{"text":"disputes.","start":600.368,"end":600.977}]},{"text":"The Black Sea Initiative showed that even amid conflict, practical cooperation can reopen a blocked corridor and keep ships and essential products moving.","start":602.435,"end":612.938,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":602.435,"end":602.531},{"text":"Black","start":602.531,"end":602.707},{"text":"Sea","start":602.707,"end":602.996},{"text":"Initiative","start":602.996,"end":603.701},{"text":"showed","start":603.733,"end":604.133},{"text":"that","start":604.133,"end":604.374},{"text":"even","start":604.438,"end":604.742},{"text":"amid","start":605.239,"end":605.687},{"text":"conflict,","start":605.8,"end":606.376},{"text":"practical","start":606.777,"end":607.322},{"text":"cooperation","start":607.338,"end":608.027},{"text":"can","start":608.043,"end":608.155},{"text":"reopen","start":608.219,"end":608.652},{"text":"a","start":608.7,"end":608.716},{"text":"blocked","start":608.78,"end":609.1},{"text":"corridor","start":609.1,"end":611.536},{"text":"and","start":610.225,"end":610.289},{"text":"keep","start":610.386,"end":610.564},{"text":"ships","start":610.564,"end":611.146},{"text":"and","start":611.259,"end":611.372},{"text":"essential","start":611.372,"end":611.792},{"text":"products","start":611.921,"end":612.518},{"text":"moving.","start":612.632,"end":612.938}]},{"text":"The United Nations can help develop a similar effort, based on consent, by convening, coordinating and implementing arrangements between parties.","start":613.213,"end":623.104,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":613.213,"end":613.681},{"text":"United","start":614.263,"end":614.667},{"text":"Nations","start":614.667,"end":615.071},{"text":"can","start":615.151,"end":615.313},{"text":"help","start":615.313,"end":615.555},{"text":"develop","start":615.555,"end":616.056},{"text":"a","start":616.056,"end":616.072},{"text":"similar","start":616.12,"end":616.589},{"text":"effort,","start":616.589,"end":616.944},{"text":"based","start":617.413,"end":617.655},{"text":"on","start":617.655,"end":617.703},{"text":"consent,","start":617.736,"end":618.317},{"text":"by","start":618.99,"end":619.022},{"text":"convening,","start":619.022,"end":619.716},{"text":"coordinating","start":619.829,"end":620.603},{"text":"and","start":620.716,"end":620.781},{"text":"implementing","start":620.813,"end":621.491},{"text":"arrangements","start":621.507,"end":622.281},{"text":"between","start":622.314,"end":622.539},{"text":"parties.","start":622.652,"end":623.104}]},{"text":"It is possible where there is political will.","start":624.105,"end":626.622,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":624.105,"end":624.25},{"text":"is","start":624.25,"end":624.314},{"text":"possible","start":624.427,"end":624.976},{"text":"where","start":625.46,"end":625.621},{"text":"there","start":625.638,"end":625.783},{"text":"is","start":625.783,"end":625.928},{"text":"political","start":626.025,"end":626.444},{"text":"will.","start":626.525,"end":626.622}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Monsieur le Président, Monsieur le Président, moments of crisis are moments of choice.","start":628.55,"end":634.637,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Monsieur","start":628.55,"end":628.699},{"text":"le","start":628.699,"end":628.749},{"text":"Président,","start":628.749,"end":629.248},{"text":"Monsieur","start":629.58,"end":629.78},{"text":"le","start":629.78,"end":629.83},{"text":"Président,","start":629.83,"end":630.379},{"text":"moments","start":633.03,"end":633.241},{"text":"of","start":633.241,"end":633.273},{"text":"crisis","start":633.273,"end":633.809},{"text":"are","start":633.858,"end":633.89},{"text":"moments","start":633.89,"end":634.215},{"text":"of","start":634.28,"end":634.361},{"text":"choice.","start":634.426,"end":634.637}]},{"text":"Last year, at this Council's Open Debate on maritime security, I called for action around three pillars The current crisis makes them more urgent than ever.","start":635.335,"end":646.148,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Last","start":635.335,"end":635.644},{"text":"year,","start":635.644,"end":636.001},{"text":"at","start":636.147,"end":636.375},{"text":"this","start":636.375,"end":636.44},{"text":"Council's","start":636.553,"end":637.008},{"text":"Open","start":637.105,"end":637.349},{"text":"Debate","start":637.365,"end":637.787},{"text":"on","start":637.787,"end":637.933},{"text":"maritime","start":637.933,"end":638.339},{"text":"security,","start":638.339,"end":638.875},{"text":"I","start":638.891,"end":638.908},{"text":"called","start":638.908,"end":639.07},{"text":"for","start":639.07,"end":639.119},{"text":"action","start":639.119,"end":639.2},{"text":"around","start":639.249,"end":639.525},{"text":"three","start":639.557,"end":639.671},{"text":"pillars","start":639.671,"end":640.109},{"text":"The","start":643.116,"end":643.197},{"text":"current","start":643.197,"end":643.602},{"text":"crisis","start":643.602,"end":644.186},{"text":"makes","start":644.186,"end":644.575},{"text":"them","start":644.575,"end":644.705},{"text":"more","start":644.997,"end":645.337},{"text":"urgent","start":645.386,"end":645.662},{"text":"than","start":645.71,"end":645.808},{"text":"ever.","start":645.889,"end":646.148}]},{"text":"First, respect for international law.","start":648.39,"end":650.059,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":648.39,"end":648.505},{"text":"respect","start":648.671,"end":649.084},{"text":"for","start":649.134,"end":649.249},{"text":"international","start":649.249,"end":649.828},{"text":"law.","start":649.828,"end":650.059}]},{"text":"The Charter and the Law of the Sea are only as strong as member states' commitment to uphold them.","start":652.23,"end":659.127,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":652.23,"end":652.31},{"text":"Charter","start":652.326,"end":652.892},{"text":"and","start":653.376,"end":653.522},{"text":"the","start":653.554,"end":653.7},{"text":"Law","start":653.7,"end":653.861},{"text":"of","start":653.861,"end":653.926},{"text":"the","start":653.958,"end":654.039},{"text":"Sea","start":654.039,"end":654.362},{"text":"are","start":655.476,"end":655.832},{"text":"only","start":655.961,"end":656.187},{"text":"as","start":656.316,"end":656.43},{"text":"strong","start":656.462,"end":656.833},{"text":"as","start":657.092,"end":657.237},{"text":"member","start":657.334,"end":657.593},{"text":"states'","start":657.593,"end":657.996},{"text":"commitment","start":657.996,"end":658.416},{"text":"to","start":658.465,"end":658.562},{"text":"uphold","start":658.562,"end":658.901},{"text":"them.","start":658.95,"end":659.127}]},{"text":"At sea as on land, the force of law must always prevail over the law of force.","start":660.307,"end":665.154,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":660.307,"end":660.355},{"text":"sea","start":660.42,"end":660.745},{"text":"as","start":660.793,"end":660.939},{"text":"on","start":660.971,"end":661.101},{"text":"land,","start":661.134,"end":661.506},{"text":"the","start":661.539,"end":661.636},{"text":"force","start":661.685,"end":662.106},{"text":"of","start":662.106,"end":662.268},{"text":"law","start":662.333,"end":662.382},{"text":"must","start":662.528,"end":662.901},{"text":"always","start":662.901,"end":663.209},{"text":"prevail","start":663.322,"end":663.679},{"text":"over","start":664.036,"end":664.181},{"text":"the","start":664.214,"end":664.36},{"text":"law","start":664.36,"end":664.473},{"text":"of","start":664.7,"end":664.765},{"text":"force.","start":664.765,"end":665.154}]},{"text":"Second, addressing root causes, investing in coastal livelihoods, governance, capacity building, and ocean health.","start":667.227,"end":676.023,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":667.227,"end":667.458},{"text":"addressing","start":667.992,"end":668.443},{"text":"root","start":668.556,"end":668.782},{"text":"causes,","start":668.798,"end":669.25},{"text":"investing","start":670.33,"end":670.927},{"text":"in","start":671.12,"end":671.169},{"text":"coastal","start":671.282,"end":671.653},{"text":"livelihoods,","start":671.766,"end":672.395},{"text":"governance,","start":672.427,"end":673.072},{"text":"capacity","start":673.459,"end":673.927},{"text":"building,","start":673.959,"end":674.33},{"text":"and","start":675.072,"end":675.217},{"text":"ocean","start":675.475,"end":675.701},{"text":"health.","start":675.733,"end":676.023}]},{"text":"Insecurity at sea begins on land.","start":678.056,"end":681.153,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"Insecurity","start":678.056,"end":678.526},{"text":"at","start":678.867,"end":678.915},{"text":"sea","start":678.98,"end":679.305},{"text":"begins","start":680.164,"end":680.553},{"text":"on","start":680.651,"end":680.699},{"text":"land.","start":680.813,"end":681.153}]},{"text":"Third, deepening dialogue and cooperation among states, regional organizations, the shipping industry, insurers, port operators, and civil society.","start":683.5,"end":693.567,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":683.5,"end":683.968},{"text":"deepening","start":684.097,"end":684.469},{"text":"dialogue","start":684.501,"end":684.921},{"text":"and","start":684.921,"end":685.018},{"text":"cooperation","start":685.05,"end":685.68},{"text":"among","start":686.181,"end":686.326},{"text":"states,","start":686.423,"end":686.924},{"text":"regional","start":687.247,"end":687.602},{"text":"organizations,","start":687.634,"end":688.345},{"text":"the","start":688.862,"end":688.943},{"text":"shipping","start":688.943,"end":689.314},{"text":"industry,","start":689.346,"end":689.799},{"text":"insurers,","start":690.42,"end":690.751},{"text":"port","start":691.596,"end":691.943},{"text":"operators,","start":691.943,"end":692.573},{"text":"and","start":692.921,"end":693.02},{"text":"civil","start":693.02,"end":693.269},{"text":"society.","start":693.269,"end":693.567}]},{"text":"To enhance maritime domain awareness, to protect seafarers and other maritime workers, and to keep international waterways open, lawful, and secure.","start":695.042,"end":708.825,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":695.042,"end":695.172},{"text":"enhance","start":695.204,"end":695.738},{"text":"maritime","start":697.163,"end":697.681},{"text":"domain","start":697.794,"end":698.086},{"text":"awareness,","start":698.264,"end":698.733},{"text":"to","start":699.64,"end":699.785},{"text":"protect","start":699.882,"end":700.384},{"text":"seafarers","start":700.384,"end":701.194},{"text":"and","start":701.258,"end":701.404},{"text":"other","start":701.436,"end":701.582},{"text":"maritime","start":701.582,"end":702.1},{"text":"workers,","start":702.149,"end":702.537},{"text":"and","start":703.282,"end":703.59},{"text":"to","start":703.849,"end":704.027},{"text":"keep","start":704.027,"end":704.449},{"text":"international","start":704.513,"end":705.308},{"text":"waterways","start":705.324,"end":705.94},{"text":"open,","start":706.199,"end":706.507},{"text":"lawful,","start":707.026,"end":707.463},{"text":"and","start":708.144,"end":708.258},{"text":"secure.","start":708.306,"end":708.825}]},{"text":"The ocean must be a zone of peace and cooperation, not confrontation or coercion.","start":711.078,"end":715.822,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":711.078,"end":711.224},{"text":"ocean","start":711.224,"end":711.532},{"text":"must","start":711.564,"end":711.759},{"text":"be","start":711.807,"end":711.953},{"text":"a","start":711.969,"end":711.986},{"text":"zone","start":711.986,"end":712.326},{"text":"of","start":712.375,"end":712.439},{"text":"peace","start":712.456,"end":712.747},{"text":"and","start":712.845,"end":712.909},{"text":"cooperation,","start":712.91,"end":713.476},{"text":"not","start":713.816,"end":714.107},{"text":"confrontation","start":714.156,"end":715.126},{"text":"or","start":715.207,"end":715.369},{"text":"coercion.","start":715.369,"end":715.822}]},{"text":"This is our moment to to choose and act.","start":718.703,"end":721.344,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":718.703,"end":718.836},{"text":"is","start":718.936,"end":719.003},{"text":"our","start":719.053,"end":719.136},{"text":"moment","start":719.136,"end":719.47},{"text":"to","start":719.47,"end":719.686},{"text":"to","start":719.68,"end":719.793},{"text":"choose","start":719.793,"end":720.245},{"text":"and","start":720.665,"end":720.891},{"text":"act.","start":721.069,"end":721.344}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":721.489,"end":721.925,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":721.489,"end":721.731},{"text":"you.","start":721.731,"end":721.925}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Antonio Guterres","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"SG"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":724.947,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=725","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the Secretary-General for his briefing.","start":724.947,"end":728.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":724.947,"end":725.044},{"text":"thank","start":725.044,"end":725.544},{"text":"the","start":725.948,"end":726.126},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":726.352,"end":727.354},{"text":"for","start":727.693,"end":727.92},{"text":"his","start":727.92,"end":728.087},{"text":"briefing.","start":728.188,"end":728.59}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to Mr. Arsenio Dominique House.","start":731.36,"end":736.426,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":731.36,"end":731.408},{"text":"now","start":731.408,"end":731.555},{"text":"give","start":731.636,"end":731.864},{"text":"the","start":731.864,"end":731.946},{"text":"floor","start":731.946,"end":732.158},{"text":"to","start":732.353,"end":732.5},{"text":"Mr.","start":732.94,"end":733.363},{"text":"Arsenio","start":733.591,"end":734.78},{"text":"Dominique","start":735.709,"end":736.116},{"text":"House.","start":736.116,"end":736.426}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":741.29,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=742","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President, Excellencies, distinguished members of the United Nations Security Council.","start":741.29,"end":747.039,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":741.29,"end":741.725},{"text":"you,","start":741.725,"end":741.854},{"text":"Mr.","start":742.24,"end":742.466},{"text":"President,","start":742.546,"end":743.126},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":743.625,"end":744.382},{"text":"distinguished","start":744.656,"end":745.107},{"text":"members","start":745.139,"end":745.429},{"text":"of","start":745.477,"end":745.622},{"text":"the","start":745.622,"end":745.686},{"text":"United","start":745.686,"end":745.944},{"text":"Nations","start":745.944,"end":746.266},{"text":"Security","start":746.266,"end":746.733},{"text":"Council.","start":746.733,"end":747.039}]},{"text":"Since the 1980s, IMO has been addressing maritime security in the shipping and port sector and has in place the relevant mandatory standards to enhance global maritime security.","start":748.084,"end":760.857,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":748.084,"end":748.309},{"text":"the","start":748.309,"end":748.341},{"text":"1980s,","start":748.341,"end":749.48},{"text":"IMO","start":750.01,"end":750.266},{"text":"has","start":750.33,"end":750.539},{"text":"been","start":750.571,"end":750.748},{"text":"addressing","start":750.748,"end":751.261},{"text":"maritime","start":751.293,"end":751.775},{"text":"security","start":751.775,"end":752.385},{"text":"in","start":752.641,"end":752.705},{"text":"the","start":752.738,"end":752.834},{"text":"shipping","start":752.834,"end":753.267},{"text":"and","start":753.46,"end":753.524},{"text":"port","start":753.684,"end":753.877},{"text":"sector","start":753.877,"end":754.487},{"text":"and","start":755.369,"end":755.449},{"text":"has","start":755.449,"end":755.594},{"text":"in","start":755.706,"end":755.754},{"text":"place","start":755.867,"end":756.3},{"text":"the","start":756.412,"end":756.509},{"text":"relevant","start":756.573,"end":757.07},{"text":"mandatory","start":757.07,"end":757.648},{"text":"standards","start":757.648,"end":758.161},{"text":"to","start":758.675,"end":758.755},{"text":"enhance","start":758.755,"end":759.429},{"text":"global","start":759.638,"end":759.959},{"text":"maritime","start":759.959,"end":760.36},{"text":"security.","start":760.36,"end":760.857}]},{"text":"Our regulatory process is constantly evolving to adapt to any new threats and make use of our experience and expertise.","start":761.868,"end":769.619,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":761.868,"end":762.029},{"text":"regulatory","start":762.029,"end":762.574},{"text":"process","start":762.606,"end":763.264},{"text":"is","start":763.264,"end":763.345},{"text":"constantly","start":763.345,"end":764.051},{"text":"evolving","start":764.227,"end":764.789},{"text":"to","start":765.27,"end":765.415},{"text":"adapt","start":765.415,"end":765.735},{"text":"to","start":765.735,"end":765.944},{"text":"any","start":765.96,"end":766.072},{"text":"new","start":766.072,"end":766.313},{"text":"threats","start":766.377,"end":766.875},{"text":"and","start":767.019,"end":767.083},{"text":"make","start":767.18,"end":767.485},{"text":"use","start":767.485,"end":767.741},{"text":"of","start":767.822,"end":767.918},{"text":"our","start":768.046,"end":768.11},{"text":"experience","start":768.126,"end":768.849},{"text":"and","start":768.929,"end":769.025},{"text":"expertise.","start":769.025,"end":769.619}]},{"text":"The geopolitical conflict around the Strait of Hormuz is having a very negative effect on seafarers and shipping.","start":771.095,"end":777.867,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":771.095,"end":771.191},{"text":"geopolitical","start":771.191,"end":771.914},{"text":"conflict","start":771.914,"end":772.459},{"text":"around","start":772.459,"end":772.716},{"text":"the","start":772.716,"end":772.78},{"text":"Strait","start":772.78,"end":773.213},{"text":"of","start":773.213,"end":773.278},{"text":"Hormuz","start":773.278,"end":773.887},{"text":"is","start":774.16,"end":774.208},{"text":"having","start":774.305,"end":774.609},{"text":"a","start":774.786,"end":774.802},{"text":"very","start":775.027,"end":775.299},{"text":"negative","start":775.299,"end":775.893},{"text":"effect","start":775.989,"end":776.567},{"text":"on","start":776.567,"end":776.663},{"text":"seafarers","start":776.663,"end":777.337},{"text":"and","start":777.369,"end":777.53},{"text":"shipping.","start":777.53,"end":777.867}]},{"text":"And on the global population and economy.","start":778.501,"end":780.725,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":778.501,"end":778.566},{"text":"on","start":778.648,"end":778.746},{"text":"the","start":778.746,"end":778.844},{"text":"global","start":778.91,"end":779.237},{"text":"population","start":779.237,"end":780.022},{"text":"and","start":780.136,"end":780.202},{"text":"economy.","start":780.283,"end":780.725}]},{"text":"Approximately 20,000 innocent seafarers in nearly 2,000 vessels remained trapped in the Persian Gulf.","start":782.18,"end":790.681,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Approximately","start":782.18,"end":782.824},{"text":"20,000","start":783.178,"end":784.482},{"text":"innocent","start":784.53,"end":785.126},{"text":"seafarers","start":785.126,"end":785.802},{"text":"in","start":786.14,"end":786.237},{"text":"nearly","start":786.237,"end":786.559},{"text":"2,000","start":786.639,"end":787.332},{"text":"vessels","start":787.348,"end":787.734},{"text":"remained","start":788.394,"end":788.861},{"text":"trapped","start":788.974,"end":789.473},{"text":"in","start":789.699,"end":789.795},{"text":"the","start":789.86,"end":790.005},{"text":"Persian","start":790.005,"end":790.31},{"text":"Gulf.","start":790.423,"end":790.681}]},{"text":"Any disruption to shipping represents a global interference to energy and food security.","start":791.792,"end":797.205,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":791.792,"end":792.018},{"text":"disruption","start":792.018,"end":792.664},{"text":"to","start":792.664,"end":792.761},{"text":"shipping","start":792.761,"end":793.133},{"text":"represents","start":793.165,"end":793.812},{"text":"a","start":793.812,"end":793.828},{"text":"global","start":794.038,"end":794.377},{"text":"interference","start":794.377,"end":795.347},{"text":"to","start":795.347,"end":795.509},{"text":"energy","start":795.654,"end":796.042},{"text":"and","start":796.236,"end":796.3},{"text":"food","start":796.462,"end":796.575},{"text":"security.","start":796.575,"end":797.205}]},{"text":"The principle of freedom of navigation is not negotiable.","start":798.88,"end":802.458,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":798.88,"end":798.912},{"text":"principle","start":798.978,"end":799.506},{"text":"of","start":799.506,"end":799.622},{"text":"freedom","start":799.654,"end":799.984},{"text":"of","start":799.984,"end":800.116},{"text":"navigation","start":800.133,"end":800.858},{"text":"is","start":801.122,"end":801.188},{"text":"not","start":801.452,"end":801.815},{"text":"negotiable.","start":801.864,"end":802.458}]},{"text":"Ships must be allowed to trade worldwide unhindered and in accordance to international law.","start":803.66,"end":809.904,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Ships","start":803.66,"end":803.842},{"text":"must","start":803.842,"end":804.107},{"text":"be","start":804.107,"end":804.339},{"text":"allowed","start":804.339,"end":804.737},{"text":"to","start":805,"end":805.209},{"text":"trade","start":805.209,"end":805.725},{"text":"worldwide","start":805.903,"end":806.677},{"text":"unhindered","start":807.032,"end":807.742},{"text":"and","start":808.177,"end":808.274},{"text":"in","start":808.274,"end":808.403},{"text":"accordance","start":808.403,"end":808.903},{"text":"to","start":808.903,"end":809},{"text":"international","start":809,"end":809.791},{"text":"law.","start":809.791,"end":809.904}]},{"text":"In accordance with the United Nations Conventions on the Law of the Sea and customary international law, straits used for international navigation cannot be closed by bordering states.","start":811.52,"end":822.893,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":811.52,"end":811.552},{"text":"accordance","start":811.552,"end":812.036},{"text":"with","start":812.036,"end":812.117},{"text":"the","start":812.117,"end":812.181},{"text":"United","start":812.181,"end":812.52},{"text":"Nations","start":812.52,"end":812.973},{"text":"Conventions","start":813.005,"end":813.618},{"text":"on","start":813.731,"end":813.877},{"text":"the","start":813.877,"end":814.038},{"text":"Law","start":814.038,"end":814.2},{"text":"of","start":814.2,"end":814.345},{"text":"the","start":814.361,"end":814.393},{"text":"Sea","start":814.393,"end":814.797},{"text":"and","start":815.023,"end":815.184},{"text":"customary","start":815.184,"end":815.814},{"text":"international","start":815.814,"end":816.476},{"text":"law,","start":816.476,"end":816.557},{"text":"straits","start":817.94,"end":818.133},{"text":"used","start":818.198,"end":818.504},{"text":"for","start":818.536,"end":818.682},{"text":"international","start":818.682,"end":819.392},{"text":"navigation","start":819.408,"end":819.956},{"text":"cannot","start":820.134,"end":820.795},{"text":"be","start":820.795,"end":821.021},{"text":"closed","start":821.021,"end":821.554},{"text":"by","start":821.602,"end":821.812},{"text":"bordering","start":821.909,"end":822.344},{"text":"states.","start":822.344,"end":822.893}]},{"text":"Equally, there is no legal basis for any country to introduce payments or impose tolls fees, or any discriminatory conditions on international straits.","start":824.167,"end":835.517,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":850.633,"end":850.89},{"text":"1968,","start":851.018,"end":852.365},{"text":"the","start":852.605,"end":852.701},{"text":"International","start":852.701,"end":853.503},{"text":"Maritime","start":853.503,"end":853.984},{"text":"Organization","start":853.984,"end":854.753},{"text":"has","start":855.266,"end":855.394},{"text":"established","start":855.506,"end":856.196},{"text":"a","start":856.388,"end":856.548},{"text":"Traffic","start":856.548,"end":856.965},{"text":"Separation","start":856.965,"end":857.638},{"text":"Scheme","start":857.686,"end":858.344},{"text":"or","start":858.393,"end":858.538},{"text":"maritime","start":858.538,"end":859.055},{"text":"corridor","start":859.103,"end":859.701},{"text":"in","start":860.153,"end":860.218},{"text":"the","start":860.25,"end":860.347},{"text":"Straits","start":860.347,"end":860.831},{"text":"of","start":860.831,"end":860.944},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":860.977,"end":861.38}]},{"text":"This maritime corridor, jointly operated between Oman and Iran, has— it has ensured safe navigation for decades.","start":862.996,"end":871.501,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":862.996,"end":863.238},{"text":"maritime","start":863.238,"end":863.787},{"text":"corridor,","start":863.803,"end":864.288},{"text":"jointly","start":864.595,"end":865.063},{"text":"operated","start":865.095,"end":865.757},{"text":"between","start":865.806,"end":866.113},{"text":"Oman","start":866.307,"end":866.597},{"text":"and","start":866.775,"end":866.872},{"text":"Iran,","start":866.952,"end":867.322},{"text":"has—","start":867.9,"end":868.045},{"text":"it","start":868.093,"end":868.495},{"text":"has","start":868.784,"end":868.897},{"text":"ensured","start":869.042,"end":869.572},{"text":"safe","start":869.701,"end":870.102},{"text":"navigation","start":870.151,"end":870.81},{"text":"for","start":870.81,"end":870.97},{"text":"decades.","start":871.115,"end":871.501}]},{"text":"This is a mandatory mechanism in accordance with the IMO's International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, and both countries are signatories to this convention.","start":872.722,"end":884.118,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":872.722,"end":872.835},{"text":"is","start":872.835,"end":872.963},{"text":"a","start":872.98,"end":872.996},{"text":"mandatory","start":873.14,"end":873.767},{"text":"mechanism","start":873.767,"end":874.314},{"text":"in","start":874.362,"end":874.49},{"text":"accordance","start":874.49,"end":875.23},{"text":"with","start":875.455,"end":875.6},{"text":"the","start":875.6,"end":875.776},{"text":"IMO's","start":875.857,"end":876.451},{"text":"International","start":876.5,"end":877.319},{"text":"Convention","start":877.319,"end":878.011},{"text":"on","start":878.67,"end":878.766},{"text":"the","start":878.766,"end":878.862},{"text":"Safety","start":878.862,"end":879.377},{"text":"of","start":879.409,"end":879.537},{"text":"Life","start":879.57,"end":879.811},{"text":"at","start":879.811,"end":879.907},{"text":"Sea,","start":879.907,"end":880.213},{"text":"and","start":881.097,"end":881.306},{"text":"both","start":881.338,"end":881.627},{"text":"countries","start":881.723,"end":882.19},{"text":"are","start":882.366,"end":882.399},{"text":"signatories","start":882.399,"end":883.154},{"text":"to","start":883.25,"end":883.395},{"text":"this","start":883.411,"end":883.588},{"text":"convention.","start":883.588,"end":884.118}]},{"text":"Which has governed the safety of ships at sea since 1974.","start":884.796,"end":889.539,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Which","start":884.796,"end":884.908},{"text":"has","start":884.956,"end":885.101},{"text":"governed","start":885.277,"end":885.742},{"text":"the","start":885.918,"end":885.95},{"text":"safety","start":885.95,"end":886.495},{"text":"of","start":886.495,"end":886.575},{"text":"ships","start":886.575,"end":886.975},{"text":"at","start":886.975,"end":887.136},{"text":"sea","start":887.136,"end":887.456},{"text":"since","start":887.793,"end":888.065},{"text":"1974.","start":888.177,"end":889.539}]},{"text":"Our main concern remains the safety and the well-being of the innocent seafarers trapped in the Gulf due to the conflict.","start":890.741,"end":897.808,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":890.741,"end":890.885},{"text":"main","start":890.885,"end":891.11},{"text":"concern","start":891.222,"end":891.638},{"text":"remains","start":891.767,"end":892.151},{"text":"the","start":892.183,"end":892.215},{"text":"safety","start":892.263,"end":892.872},{"text":"and","start":892.984,"end":893.048},{"text":"the","start":893.064,"end":893.225},{"text":"well-being","start":893.225,"end":893.705},{"text":"of","start":893.705,"end":893.802},{"text":"the","start":893.85,"end":894.01},{"text":"innocent","start":894.09,"end":894.427},{"text":"seafarers","start":894.427,"end":895.116},{"text":"trapped","start":895.548,"end":896.029},{"text":"in","start":896.093,"end":896.157},{"text":"the","start":896.189,"end":896.333},{"text":"Gulf","start":896.333,"end":896.638},{"text":"due","start":896.91,"end":897.151},{"text":"to","start":897.151,"end":897.247},{"text":"the","start":897.247,"end":897.391},{"text":"conflict.","start":897.391,"end":897.808}]},{"text":"Following the IMO Council decision, I have begun the development of an evacuation framework using the existing Traffic Separation Scheme to securely evacuate ships and seafarers from the conflict zone, provided it is safe to do so.","start":899.073,"end":916.633,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":899.073,"end":899.442},{"text":"the","start":899.474,"end":899.57},{"text":"IMO","start":899.618,"end":899.875},{"text":"Council","start":899.955,"end":900.419},{"text":"decision,","start":900.436,"end":900.964},{"text":"I","start":901.717,"end":901.765},{"text":"have","start":901.798,"end":902.006},{"text":"begun","start":902.102,"end":902.487},{"text":"the","start":902.983,"end":903.063},{"text":"development","start":903.095,"end":903.913},{"text":"of","start":904.025,"end":904.121},{"text":"an","start":904.121,"end":904.217},{"text":"evacuation","start":904.217,"end":904.922},{"text":"framework","start":904.986,"end":905.659},{"text":"using","start":906.444,"end":906.813},{"text":"the","start":906.909,"end":907.069},{"text":"existing","start":907.069,"end":907.614},{"text":"Traffic","start":907.71,"end":908.047},{"text":"Separation","start":908.047,"end":908.624},{"text":"Scheme","start":908.624,"end":908.976},{"text":"to","start":909.104,"end":909.233},{"text":"securely","start":909.233,"end":909.858},{"text":"evacuate","start":909.874,"end":910.595},{"text":"ships","start":910.595,"end":910.899},{"text":"and","start":911.397,"end":911.509},{"text":"seafarers","start":911.509,"end":912.264},{"text":"from","start":912.633,"end":912.794},{"text":"the","start":912.842,"end":912.939},{"text":"conflict","start":912.939,"end":913.436},{"text":"zone,","start":913.436,"end":913.838},{"text":"provided","start":914.464,"end":915.235},{"text":"it","start":915.412,"end":915.492},{"text":"is","start":915.492,"end":915.557},{"text":"safe","start":915.589,"end":916.071},{"text":"to","start":916.071,"end":916.231},{"text":"do","start":916.296,"end":916.456},{"text":"so.","start":916.456,"end":916.633}]},{"text":"The technical and operational developments are being carried out with the involvement of the regional countries, including Iran, and with the support from relevant countries assisting in the negotiations.","start":917.677,"end":931.025,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":917.677,"end":917.757},{"text":"technical","start":917.902,"end":918.4},{"text":"and","start":918.4,"end":918.48},{"text":"operational","start":918.48,"end":919.123},{"text":"developments","start":919.123,"end":919.845},{"text":"are","start":919.926,"end":920.086},{"text":"being","start":920.086,"end":920.215},{"text":"carried","start":920.327,"end":920.729},{"text":"out","start":920.793,"end":921.002},{"text":"with","start":921.516,"end":921.661},{"text":"the","start":921.677,"end":921.837},{"text":"involvement","start":921.837,"end":922.496},{"text":"of","start":922.801,"end":922.865},{"text":"the","start":922.897,"end":923.042},{"text":"regional","start":923.042,"end":923.46},{"text":"countries,","start":923.46,"end":923.909},{"text":"including","start":924.423,"end":924.953},{"text":"Iran,","start":925.532,"end":925.837},{"text":"and","start":926.576,"end":926.736},{"text":"with","start":926.736,"end":926.897},{"text":"the","start":926.897,"end":926.945},{"text":"support","start":926.977,"end":927.62},{"text":"from","start":927.62,"end":927.78},{"text":"relevant","start":927.797,"end":928.262},{"text":"countries","start":928.262,"end":928.648},{"text":"assisting","start":928.905,"end":929.579},{"text":"in","start":929.949,"end":930.013},{"text":"the","start":930.045,"end":930.142},{"text":"negotiations.","start":930.142,"end":931.025}]},{"text":"As an organization, we are ready to implement this framework without delay, but only once it is safe to do so.","start":932.053,"end":940.62,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":932.053,"end":932.182},{"text":"an","start":932.214,"end":932.294},{"text":"organization,","start":932.294,"end":933.145},{"text":"we","start":933.258,"end":933.402},{"text":"are","start":933.402,"end":933.563},{"text":"ready","start":933.563,"end":933.804},{"text":"to","start":933.804,"end":933.916},{"text":"implement","start":933.916,"end":934.511},{"text":"this","start":934.607,"end":934.864},{"text":"framework","start":934.864,"end":935.523},{"text":"without","start":935.748,"end":936.149},{"text":"delay,","start":936.149,"end":937.1},{"text":"but","start":937.1,"end":937.36},{"text":"only","start":937.36,"end":938.02},{"text":"once","start":938.02,"end":938.66},{"text":"it","start":938.66,"end":938.84},{"text":"is","start":938.84,"end":939.04},{"text":"safe","start":939.04,"end":939.36},{"text":"to","start":939.36,"end":939.54},{"text":"do","start":939.54,"end":939.82},{"text":"so.","start":939.82,"end":940.62}]},{"text":"In this respect, I call upon States to uphold the principle of freedom of navigation and reject an imposition of tolls, fees, or discriminatory transit measures for the passage through a strait used for international navigation.","start":941.16,"end":959.06,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":941.16,"end":941.34},{"text":"this","start":941.34,"end":941.56},{"text":"respect,","start":941.56,"end":942.11},{"text":"I","start":942.8,"end":942.92},{"text":"call","start":942.92,"end":943.18},{"text":"upon","start":943.18,"end":943.5},{"text":"States","start":943.5,"end":943.98},{"text":"to","start":943.98,"end":944.36},{"text":"uphold","start":944.36,"end":944.76},{"text":"the","start":944.76,"end":944.96},{"text":"principle","start":944.96,"end":945.44},{"text":"of","start":945.44,"end":945.74},{"text":"freedom","start":945.74,"end":945.94},{"text":"of","start":945.94,"end":946.16},{"text":"navigation","start":946.16,"end":946.74},{"text":"and","start":946.74,"end":947.6},{"text":"reject","start":947.6,"end":948.14},{"text":"an","start":948.14,"end":949.04},{"text":"imposition","start":949.04,"end":949.82},{"text":"of","start":949.82,"end":950.38},{"text":"tolls,","start":950.38,"end":951.56},{"text":"fees,","start":951.56,"end":952.5},{"text":"or","start":952.5,"end":952.66},{"text":"discriminatory","start":952.66,"end":953.48},{"text":"transit","start":953.48,"end":954.02},{"text":"measures","start":954.02,"end":954.48},{"text":"for","start":954.48,"end":954.78},{"text":"the","start":954.78,"end":955},{"text":"passage","start":955,"end":955.36},{"text":"through","start":955.36,"end":956.02},{"text":"a","start":956.02,"end":956.2},{"text":"strait","start":956.2,"end":956.68},{"text":"used","start":956.68,"end":957.04},{"text":"for","start":957.04,"end":957.26},{"text":"international","start":957.26,"end":957.86},{"text":"navigation.","start":957.86,"end":959.06}]},{"text":"I would like to take this opportunity to further request States to support the IMO's plan to facilitate evacuation of affected seafarers at an appropriate time, to assist with the clearance of any hazards to the commercial ships navigating in the Strait of Hormuz, including mines, provide any technical and operational civilian assistance to operationalize the evacuation framework, and to ensure practical assurances to the shipping sector, including access to insurance at reasonable costs, to enable the resumption of normal operations as soon as practically possible.","start":959.5,"end":999.456,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":959.5,"end":959.94},{"text":"would","start":959.94,"end":960.16},{"text":"like","start":960.16,"end":960.3},{"text":"to","start":960.3,"end":960.58},{"text":"take","start":960.58,"end":960.58},{"text":"this","start":960.58,"end":960.82},{"text":"opportunity","start":960.82,"end":961.3},{"text":"to","start":961.3,"end":961.64},{"text":"further","start":961.64,"end":961.98},{"text":"request","start":961.98,"end":962.46},{"text":"States","start":962.46,"end":962.94},{"text":"to","start":963.292,"end":963.437},{"text":"support","start":963.437,"end":964.111},{"text":"the","start":964.32,"end":964.384},{"text":"IMO's","start":964.48,"end":964.898},{"text":"plan","start":964.898,"end":965.106},{"text":"to","start":965.155,"end":965.235},{"text":"facilitate","start":965.235,"end":965.957},{"text":"evacuation","start":965.957,"end":966.632},{"text":"of","start":966.728,"end":966.792},{"text":"affected","start":966.824,"end":967.306},{"text":"seafarers","start":967.306,"end":967.884},{"text":"at","start":969.216,"end":969.329},{"text":"an","start":969.329,"end":969.409},{"text":"appropriate","start":969.409,"end":970.132},{"text":"time,","start":970.132,"end":970.469},{"text":"to","start":970.999,"end":971.143},{"text":"assist","start":971.159,"end":971.641},{"text":"with","start":971.721,"end":971.801},{"text":"the","start":971.801,"end":972.026},{"text":"clearance","start":972.026,"end":972.604},{"text":"of","start":972.604,"end":972.7},{"text":"any","start":972.845,"end":973.054},{"text":"hazards","start":973.07,"end":973.616},{"text":"to","start":974.129,"end":974.258},{"text":"the","start":974.274,"end":974.37},{"text":"commercial","start":974.37,"end":974.9},{"text":"ships","start":974.932,"end":975.253},{"text":"navigating","start":975.333,"end":976.056},{"text":"in","start":976.056,"end":976.136},{"text":"the","start":976.136,"end":976.216},{"text":"Strait","start":976.216,"end":976.473},{"text":"of","start":976.473,"end":976.538},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":976.538,"end":976.987},{"text":"including","start":977.822,"end":978.432},{"text":"mines,","start":978.48,"end":978.914},{"text":"provide","start":979.989,"end":980.407},{"text":"any","start":980.407,"end":980.616},{"text":"technical","start":980.616,"end":981.21},{"text":"and","start":981.21,"end":981.338},{"text":"operational","start":981.338,"end":981.98},{"text":"civilian","start":981.98,"end":982.703},{"text":"assistance","start":982.703,"end":983.393},{"text":"to","start":983.441,"end":983.57},{"text":"operationalize","start":983.746,"end":984.613},{"text":"the","start":985.191,"end":985.223},{"text":"evacuation","start":985.223,"end":985.898},{"text":"framework,","start":985.994,"end":986.556},{"text":"and","start":987.23,"end":987.375},{"text":"to","start":987.375,"end":987.503},{"text":"ensure","start":987.535,"end":987.888},{"text":"practical","start":988.017,"end":988.595},{"text":"assurances","start":988.595,"end":989.269},{"text":"to","start":989.462,"end":989.542},{"text":"the","start":989.542,"end":989.686},{"text":"shipping","start":989.686,"end":990.039},{"text":"sector,","start":990.039,"end":990.505},{"text":"including","start":991.066,"end":991.483},{"text":"access","start":991.628,"end":992.093},{"text":"to","start":992.093,"end":992.189},{"text":"insurance","start":992.189,"end":992.991},{"text":"at","start":993.055,"end":993.232},{"text":"reasonable","start":993.376,"end":993.922},{"text":"costs,","start":993.954,"end":994.435},{"text":"to","start":994.997,"end":995.125},{"text":"enable","start":995.141,"end":995.638},{"text":"the","start":995.638,"end":995.734},{"text":"resumption","start":995.799,"end":996.376},{"text":"of","start":996.376,"end":996.569},{"text":"normal","start":996.601,"end":996.938},{"text":"operations","start":996.938,"end":997.611},{"text":"as","start":997.804,"end":997.852},{"text":"soon","start":997.884,"end":998.189},{"text":"as","start":998.189,"end":998.221},{"text":"practically","start":998.349,"end":998.975},{"text":"possible.","start":999.007,"end":999.456}]},{"text":"I would like to reiterate my appreciation for the support provided by the countries in the region in delivering essential supplies to seafarers in the Persian Gulf, safeguarding the well-being, and request them to facilitate crew changes when safe and possible.","start":1000.692,"end":1018.411,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1000.692,"end":1000.708},{"text":"would","start":1000.756,"end":1000.852},{"text":"like","start":1000.852,"end":1001.029},{"text":"to","start":1001.077,"end":1001.173},{"text":"reiterate","start":1001.237,"end":1001.815},{"text":"my","start":1001.815,"end":1001.975},{"text":"appreciation","start":1001.975,"end":1002.825},{"text":"for","start":1002.922,"end":1002.986},{"text":"the","start":1003.018,"end":1003.098},{"text":"support","start":1003.098,"end":1003.66},{"text":"provided","start":1003.66,"end":1004.189},{"text":"by","start":1004.221,"end":1004.381},{"text":"the","start":1004.381,"end":1004.542},{"text":"countries","start":1004.542,"end":1004.991},{"text":"in","start":1005.248,"end":1005.312},{"text":"the","start":1005.408,"end":1005.504},{"text":"region","start":1005.504,"end":1005.873},{"text":"in","start":1006.547,"end":1006.692},{"text":"delivering","start":1006.708,"end":1007.157},{"text":"essential","start":1007.189,"end":1007.686},{"text":"supplies","start":1007.686,"end":1008.28},{"text":"to","start":1008.488,"end":1008.633},{"text":"seafarers","start":1008.633,"end":1009.242},{"text":"in","start":1009.291,"end":1009.355},{"text":"the","start":1009.355,"end":1009.515},{"text":"Persian","start":1009.515,"end":1009.884},{"text":"Gulf,","start":1009.916,"end":1010.237},{"text":"safeguarding","start":1010.959,"end":1011.729},{"text":"the","start":1011.761,"end":1011.922},{"text":"well-being,","start":1011.922,"end":1012.419},{"text":"and","start":1012.964,"end":1013.093},{"text":"request","start":1013.125,"end":1013.638},{"text":"them","start":1013.686,"end":1013.943},{"text":"to","start":1014.424,"end":1014.569},{"text":"facilitate","start":1014.569,"end":1015.804},{"text":"crew","start":1015.66,"end":1015.788},{"text":"changes","start":1015.853,"end":1016.383},{"text":"when","start":1016.737,"end":1016.866},{"text":"safe","start":1016.914,"end":1017.381},{"text":"and","start":1017.703,"end":1017.831},{"text":"possible.","start":1017.864,"end":1018.411}]},{"text":"Shipping and seafarers should never be used as leverage in geopolitical conflicts.","start":1019.392,"end":1024.266,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"Shipping","start":1019.392,"end":1019.762},{"text":"and","start":1019.778,"end":1019.891},{"text":"seafarers","start":1019.891,"end":1020.566},{"text":"should","start":1020.84,"end":1021.097},{"text":"never","start":1021.097,"end":1021.66},{"text":"be","start":1021.708,"end":1021.885},{"text":"used","start":1021.885,"end":1022.127},{"text":"as","start":1022.127,"end":1022.175},{"text":"leverage","start":1022.223,"end":1022.819},{"text":"in","start":1022.995,"end":1023.06},{"text":"geopolitical","start":1023.092,"end":1023.784},{"text":"conflicts.","start":1023.8,"end":1024.266}]},{"text":"I would like to join and reiterate the call for de-escalation to ensure safety for seafarers, freedom of navigation, and stability of supply chains worldwide.","start":1025.4,"end":1035.395,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1025.4,"end":1025.416},{"text":"would","start":1025.416,"end":1025.512},{"text":"like","start":1025.512,"end":1025.754},{"text":"to","start":1025.754,"end":1025.931},{"text":"join","start":1026.543,"end":1026.865},{"text":"and","start":1026.865,"end":1026.962},{"text":"reiterate","start":1026.962,"end":1027.558},{"text":"the","start":1027.606,"end":1027.751},{"text":"call","start":1027.751,"end":1027.977},{"text":"for","start":1027.993,"end":1028.154},{"text":"de-escalation","start":1028.154,"end":1029.104},{"text":"to","start":1029.217,"end":1029.378},{"text":"ensure","start":1029.378,"end":1029.765},{"text":"safety","start":1029.765,"end":1030.232},{"text":"for","start":1030.344,"end":1030.441},{"text":"seafarers,","start":1030.441,"end":1031.117},{"text":"freedom","start":1031.633,"end":1031.955},{"text":"of","start":1031.955,"end":1032.084},{"text":"navigation,","start":1032.116,"end":1032.809},{"text":"and","start":1033.163,"end":1033.228},{"text":"stability","start":1033.244,"end":1033.936},{"text":"of","start":1033.968,"end":1034.049},{"text":"supply","start":1034.049,"end":1034.42},{"text":"chains","start":1034.42,"end":1034.826},{"text":"worldwide.","start":1034.923,"end":1035.395}]},{"text":"Thank you for the opportunity.","start":1036.223,"end":1036.938,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1036.223,"end":1036.402},{"text":"you","start":1036.402,"end":1036.483},{"text":"for","start":1036.483,"end":1036.63},{"text":"the","start":1036.63,"end":1036.711},{"text":"opportunity.","start":1036.711,"end":1036.938}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Arsenio Dominguez","affiliation":"IMO","affiliation_full":"IMO","group":null,"function":"Secretary-General"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":1040.219,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=1041","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank Mr. Dominikos for his briefing.","start":1040.219,"end":1043.8,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1040.219,"end":1040.303},{"text":"thank","start":1040.303,"end":1040.642},{"text":"Mr.","start":1040.642,"end":1041.064},{"text":"Dominikos","start":1041.22,"end":1041.784},{"text":"for","start":1043.091,"end":1043.252},{"text":"his","start":1043.252,"end":1043.397},{"text":"briefing.","start":1043.445,"end":1043.8}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to Mr. Nick Charles.","start":1047.22,"end":1049.768,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1047.22,"end":1047.268},{"text":"now","start":1047.3,"end":1047.397},{"text":"give","start":1047.462,"end":1047.687},{"text":"the","start":1047.687,"end":1047.768},{"text":"floor","start":1047.768,"end":1047.978},{"text":"to","start":1048.607,"end":1048.72},{"text":"Mr.","start":1048.752,"end":1049.075},{"text":"Nick","start":1049.155,"end":1049.462},{"text":"Charles.","start":1049.462,"end":1049.768}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":1052.754,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=1053","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President, Secretary-General, distinguished ministers, excellencies, members of the Security Council.","start":1052.754,"end":1059.749,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1052.754,"end":1053.077},{"text":"you,","start":1053.077,"end":1053.174},{"text":"Mr.","start":1053.239,"end":1053.433},{"text":"President,","start":1053.481,"end":1054.046},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":1054.709,"end":1055.597},{"text":"distinguished","start":1056.211,"end":1056.696},{"text":"ministers,","start":1056.696,"end":1057.245},{"text":"excellencies,","start":1057.52,"end":1058.214},{"text":"members","start":1058.392,"end":1058.731},{"text":"of","start":1058.731,"end":1058.812},{"text":"the","start":1058.812,"end":1058.893},{"text":"Security","start":1058.893,"end":1059.345},{"text":"Council.","start":1059.361,"end":1059.749}]},{"text":"A particular thanks to the Kingdom of Bahrain for convening this High-Level Open Debate and for inviting me to address it.","start":1060.388,"end":1067.119,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1060.388,"end":1060.404},{"text":"particular","start":1060.452,"end":1060.953},{"text":"thanks","start":1060.953,"end":1061.518},{"text":"to","start":1061.808,"end":1061.905},{"text":"the","start":1061.905,"end":1061.986},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1061.986,"end":1062.309},{"text":"of","start":1062.309,"end":1062.438},{"text":"Bahrain","start":1062.47,"end":1062.922},{"text":"for","start":1063.035,"end":1063.196},{"text":"convening","start":1063.196,"end":1063.729},{"text":"this","start":1063.761,"end":1063.987},{"text":"High-Level","start":1063.987,"end":1064.472},{"text":"Open","start":1064.472,"end":1064.73},{"text":"Debate","start":1064.73,"end":1065.15},{"text":"and","start":1065.779,"end":1065.844},{"text":"for","start":1065.86,"end":1065.957},{"text":"inviting","start":1065.957,"end":1066.392},{"text":"me","start":1066.425,"end":1066.522},{"text":"to","start":1066.586,"end":1066.715},{"text":"address","start":1066.731,"end":1066.99},{"text":"it.","start":1066.99,"end":1067.119}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the importance of maritime trade to the global economy is nothing new.","start":1068.289,"end":1073.428,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1068.289,"end":1068.498},{"text":"President,","start":1068.546,"end":1069.108},{"text":"the","start":1069.574,"end":1069.67},{"text":"importance","start":1069.67,"end":1070.248},{"text":"of","start":1070.248,"end":1070.329},{"text":"maritime","start":1070.377,"end":1070.811},{"text":"trade","start":1070.859,"end":1071.324},{"text":"to","start":1071.356,"end":1071.501},{"text":"the","start":1071.501,"end":1071.581},{"text":"global","start":1071.581,"end":1071.902},{"text":"economy","start":1071.902,"end":1072.288},{"text":"is","start":1072.657,"end":1072.77},{"text":"nothing","start":1072.866,"end":1073.091},{"text":"new.","start":1073.203,"end":1073.428}]},{"text":"Likewise, threats to the maritime ecosystem have also been with us down the ages.","start":1074.231,"end":1079.594,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":1074.231,"end":1074.777},{"text":"threats","start":1074.889,"end":1075.403},{"text":"to","start":1075.451,"end":1075.548},{"text":"the","start":1075.548,"end":1075.66},{"text":"maritime","start":1075.66,"end":1076.174},{"text":"ecosystem","start":1076.319,"end":1076.913},{"text":"have","start":1077.539,"end":1077.764},{"text":"also","start":1077.764,"end":1078.117},{"text":"been","start":1078.181,"end":1078.31},{"text":"with","start":1078.406,"end":1078.535},{"text":"us","start":1078.567,"end":1078.631},{"text":"down","start":1078.904,"end":1079.081},{"text":"the","start":1079.129,"end":1079.225},{"text":"ages.","start":1079.225,"end":1079.594}]},{"text":"However, recent events have driven home in the starkest fashion that our critical dependencies on the maritime arteries of global trade have never been greater, and that the threats to the free use of the seas are becoming more complex and challenging.","start":1080.59,"end":1095.464,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1115.225,"end":1115.483},{"text":"events","start":1115.483,"end":1115.854},{"text":"in","start":1116.112,"end":1116.177},{"text":"and","start":1116.209,"end":1116.29},{"text":"around","start":1116.355,"end":1116.694},{"text":"the","start":1116.694,"end":1116.774},{"text":"Strait","start":1116.774,"end":1117.097},{"text":"of","start":1117.097,"end":1117.178},{"text":"Hormuz","start":1117.178,"end":1117.63},{"text":"in","start":1117.727,"end":1117.807},{"text":"recent","start":1117.823,"end":1118.146},{"text":"weeks","start":1118.146,"end":1118.582},{"text":"have","start":1119.018,"end":1119.276},{"text":"underscored","start":1119.276,"end":1119.938},{"text":"how","start":1120.558,"end":1120.687},{"text":"disruption","start":1120.8,"end":1121.268},{"text":"to","start":1121.381,"end":1121.51},{"text":"the","start":1121.526,"end":1121.623},{"text":"world's","start":1121.946,"end":1122.51},{"text":"key","start":1122.51,"end":1122.817},{"text":"waterways","start":1122.833,"end":1123.366},{"text":"can","start":1124.108,"end":1124.221},{"text":"produce","start":1124.286,"end":1124.754},{"text":"global","start":1124.77,"end":1125.141},{"text":"economic","start":1125.189,"end":1125.673},{"text":"fallout","start":1125.722,"end":1126.093},{"text":"which","start":1126.626,"end":1126.755},{"text":"affects","start":1126.803,"end":1127.255},{"text":"billions","start":1127.271,"end":1127.642},{"text":"of","start":1127.658,"end":1127.691},{"text":"our","start":1127.691,"end":1127.836},{"text":"citizens","start":1127.836,"end":1128.417},{"text":"and","start":1128.869,"end":1128.949},{"text":"leaves","start":1129.03,"end":1129.256},{"text":"no","start":1129.45,"end":1129.611},{"text":"regions","start":1129.676,"end":1130.144},{"text":"or","start":1130.644,"end":1130.692},{"text":"member","start":1130.708,"end":1130.999},{"text":"states","start":1131.047,"end":1131.547},{"text":"untouched.","start":1131.628,"end":1132.209}]},{"text":"Moreover, we live in a suddenly more dangerous and unstable era in which it is not just the case that tensions and conflicts on land are spilling over into the maritime domain, It is one in which threats to global peace and stability, and therefore global economic well-being and prosperity, are increasingly manifesting themselves at sea.","start":1133.871,"end":1156.459,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1256.84,"end":1257.04},{"text":"what","start":1257.04,"end":1257.24},{"text":"frameworks","start":1257.24,"end":1257.78},{"text":"and","start":1257.78,"end":1258.16},{"text":"under","start":1258.16,"end":1258.38},{"text":"what","start":1258.38,"end":1258.58},{"text":"auspices","start":1258.58,"end":1258.96},{"text":"for","start":1258.96,"end":1259.76},{"text":"delivering","start":1259.76,"end":1260.22},{"text":"the","start":1260.22,"end":1260.48},{"text":"safety","start":1260.48,"end":1260.82},{"text":"and","start":1260.82,"end":1261.04},{"text":"protection","start":1261.04,"end":1261.54},{"text":"of","start":1261.54,"end":1261.78},{"text":"waterways?","start":1261.78,"end":1262.63}]},{"text":"What are the real dynamics that the maritime industry needs for reassurance in different situations?","start":1263.32,"end":1269.24,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":1263.32,"end":1263.56},{"text":"are","start":1263.56,"end":1263.74},{"text":"the","start":1263.74,"end":1263.88},{"text":"real","start":1263.88,"end":1264.08},{"text":"dynamics","start":1264.08,"end":1264.7},{"text":"that","start":1264.7,"end":1265},{"text":"the","start":1265,"end":1265.18},{"text":"maritime","start":1265.18,"end":1265.56},{"text":"industry","start":1265.56,"end":1266.08},{"text":"needs","start":1266.08,"end":1266.58},{"text":"for","start":1266.58,"end":1266.86},{"text":"reassurance","start":1266.86,"end":1267.56},{"text":"in","start":1267.56,"end":1267.76},{"text":"different","start":1267.76,"end":1268.02},{"text":"situations?","start":1268.02,"end":1269.24}]},{"text":"And what is the place for political and diplomatic engagement?","start":1269.24,"end":1272.68,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1269.24,"end":1269.5},{"text":"what","start":1269.5,"end":1269.66},{"text":"is","start":1269.66,"end":1269.84},{"text":"the","start":1269.84,"end":1270.08},{"text":"place","start":1270.08,"end":1270.3},{"text":"for","start":1270.3,"end":1270.62},{"text":"political","start":1270.62,"end":1271.04},{"text":"and","start":1271.04,"end":1271.4},{"text":"diplomatic","start":1271.4,"end":1271.88},{"text":"engagement?","start":1271.88,"end":1272.68}]},{"text":"The Black Sea Grain Initiative has already been mentioned.","start":1272.94,"end":1276.27,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1272.94,"end":1273.02},{"text":"Black","start":1273.02,"end":1273.34},{"text":"Sea","start":1273.34,"end":1274.04},{"text":"Grain","start":1274.04,"end":1274.5},{"text":"Initiative","start":1274.5,"end":1274.8},{"text":"has","start":1274.8,"end":1275.02},{"text":"already","start":1275.02,"end":1275.28},{"text":"been","start":1275.28,"end":1275.52},{"text":"mentioned.","start":1275.52,"end":1276.27}]},{"text":"Perhaps in conjunction with collaborative protective measures in some form, or regional capacity building.","start":1276.38,"end":1283.117,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":1289.907,"end":1289.956},{"text":"this","start":1290.068,"end":1290.196},{"text":"has","start":1290.309,"end":1290.405},{"text":"only","start":1290.469,"end":1290.614},{"text":"been","start":1290.646,"end":1290.855},{"text":"amplified","start":1290.887,"end":1291.497},{"text":"and","start":1291.609,"end":1291.673},{"text":"added","start":1291.994,"end":1292.235},{"text":"urgency","start":1292.235,"end":1292.781},{"text":"to","start":1293.535,"end":1293.632},{"text":"the","start":1293.632,"end":1293.76},{"text":"calls","start":1293.76,"end":1294.194},{"text":"that","start":1294.659,"end":1294.868},{"text":"this","start":1294.884,"end":1294.948},{"text":"Council","start":1295.061,"end":1295.51},{"text":"has","start":1295.687,"end":1295.831},{"text":"heard","start":1295.863,"end":1296.152},{"text":"for","start":1296.329,"end":1296.425},{"text":"a","start":1296.425,"end":1296.473},{"text":"more","start":1296.473,"end":1296.666},{"text":"strategic,","start":1296.666,"end":1297.292},{"text":"comprehensive,","start":1297.372,"end":1298.095},{"text":"and","start":1298.351,"end":1298.416},{"text":"integrated","start":1298.512,"end":1299.058},{"text":"approach","start":1299.058,"end":1299.331},{"text":"to","start":1299.331,"end":1299.571},{"text":"the","start":1299.636,"end":1299.732},{"text":"more","start":1299.732,"end":1299.893},{"text":"acute","start":1299.957,"end":1300.278},{"text":"threats","start":1300.294,"end":1300.759},{"text":"that","start":1300.759,"end":1300.92},{"text":"are","start":1300.92,"end":1301},{"text":"unfolding.","start":1301,"end":1301.53}]},{"text":"Mr. President, if I may, I will outline three ways in which the evolving scale and complexity of the threats to critical waterways and good order at sea have raised the bar for those seeking to safeguard those waterways.","start":1302.525,"end":1313.971,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Paradoxically,","start":1436.766,"end":1437.551},{"text":"the","start":1438.048,"end":1438.144},{"text":"leveraging","start":1438.208,"end":1438.673},{"text":"of","start":1438.705,"end":1438.785},{"text":"data,","start":1438.785,"end":1439.186},{"text":"supported","start":1439.843,"end":1440.451},{"text":"by","start":1440.451,"end":1440.58},{"text":"AI-enabled","start":1440.772,"end":1441.445},{"text":"analysis","start":1441.445,"end":1442.07},{"text":"and","start":1442.07,"end":1442.134},{"text":"perhaps","start":1442.15,"end":1442.486},{"text":"also","start":1442.614,"end":1442.839},{"text":"aided","start":1442.871,"end":1443.191},{"text":"by","start":1443.255,"end":1443.352},{"text":"increased","start":1443.352,"end":1443.832},{"text":"satellite-based","start":1443.832,"end":1444.665},{"text":"monitoring,","start":1444.713,"end":1445.162},{"text":"may","start":1445.819,"end":1445.995},{"text":"be","start":1445.995,"end":1446.22},{"text":"a","start":1446.22,"end":1446.3},{"text":"key","start":1446.3,"end":1446.636},{"text":"asymmetric","start":1446.7,"end":1447.277},{"text":"advantage","start":1447.277,"end":1447.838},{"text":"in","start":1447.838,"end":1447.918},{"text":"delivering","start":1447.918,"end":1448.335},{"text":"the","start":1448.383,"end":1448.479},{"text":"kind","start":1448.479,"end":1448.783},{"text":"of","start":1448.783,"end":1448.831},{"text":"strategic","start":1448.879,"end":1449.44},{"text":"approach","start":1449.44,"end":1449.809},{"text":"required","start":1449.841,"end":1450.369},{"text":"and","start":1450.723,"end":1450.787},{"text":"providing","start":1450.803,"end":1451.333},{"text":"early","start":1451.751,"end":1451.895},{"text":"warning","start":1452.008,"end":1452.377},{"text":"of","start":1452.409,"end":1452.49},{"text":"emerging","start":1452.49,"end":1452.859},{"text":"threats.","start":1452.955,"end":1453.357}]},{"text":"In this way, it will be critical to safeguarding future maritime security and global security more broadly.","start":1454.16,"end":1459.606,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1454.16,"end":1454.208},{"text":"this","start":1454.257,"end":1454.497},{"text":"way,","start":1454.497,"end":1454.578},{"text":"it","start":1454.738,"end":1454.787},{"text":"will","start":1454.883,"end":1454.947},{"text":"be","start":1454.979,"end":1455.124},{"text":"critical","start":1455.124,"end":1455.526},{"text":"to","start":1455.542,"end":1455.622},{"text":"safeguarding","start":1455.622,"end":1456.216},{"text":"future","start":1456.264,"end":1456.634},{"text":"maritime","start":1456.634,"end":1457.084},{"text":"security","start":1457.148,"end":1457.678},{"text":"and","start":1458.015,"end":1458.096},{"text":"global","start":1458.176,"end":1458.481},{"text":"security","start":1458.513,"end":1459.011},{"text":"more","start":1459.059,"end":1459.22},{"text":"broadly.","start":1459.236,"end":1459.606}]},{"text":"And in this sense, the challenge is one that now stretches from the seabed to space.","start":1460.425,"end":1465.228,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1460.425,"end":1460.618},{"text":"in","start":1460.618,"end":1460.714},{"text":"this","start":1460.746,"end":1460.875},{"text":"sense,","start":1460.923,"end":1461.405},{"text":"the","start":1461.469,"end":1461.565},{"text":"challenge","start":1461.565,"end":1462.047},{"text":"is","start":1462.047,"end":1462.176},{"text":"one","start":1462.208,"end":1462.417},{"text":"that","start":1462.513,"end":1462.577},{"text":"now","start":1462.626,"end":1462.786},{"text":"stretches","start":1462.85,"end":1463.381},{"text":"from","start":1463.718,"end":1463.862},{"text":"the","start":1463.879,"end":1463.975},{"text":"seabed","start":1463.975,"end":1464.409},{"text":"to","start":1464.698,"end":1464.794},{"text":"space.","start":1464.842,"end":1465.228}]},{"text":"Thirdly, recent events have underscored the criticality of waterways and chokepoints to global stability and the global economy.","start":1466.561,"end":1473.982,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":1466.561,"end":1466.995},{"text":"recent","start":1467.268,"end":1467.653},{"text":"events","start":1467.653,"end":1467.943},{"text":"have","start":1467.975,"end":1468.087},{"text":"underscored","start":1468.135,"end":1468.778},{"text":"the","start":1468.778,"end":1468.874},{"text":"criticality","start":1468.874,"end":1469.533},{"text":"of","start":1469.774,"end":1469.902},{"text":"waterways","start":1469.902,"end":1470.448},{"text":"and","start":1470.802,"end":1470.866},{"text":"chokepoints","start":1470.962,"end":1471.605},{"text":"to","start":1471.605,"end":1471.701},{"text":"global","start":1471.701,"end":1472.071},{"text":"stability","start":1472.071,"end":1472.537},{"text":"and","start":1473.035,"end":1473.099},{"text":"the","start":1473.131,"end":1473.179},{"text":"global","start":1473.211,"end":1473.549},{"text":"economy.","start":1473.549,"end":1473.982}]},{"text":"They have also highlighted that chokepoints are not all the same.","start":1474.737,"end":1478.207,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1474.737,"end":1474.882},{"text":"have","start":1474.882,"end":1475.01},{"text":"also","start":1475.059,"end":1475.348},{"text":"highlighted","start":1475.444,"end":1476.087},{"text":"that","start":1476.087,"end":1476.263},{"text":"chokepoints","start":1476.263,"end":1476.97},{"text":"are","start":1477.067,"end":1477.131},{"text":"not","start":1477.147,"end":1477.516},{"text":"all","start":1477.613,"end":1477.661},{"text":"the","start":1477.789,"end":1477.87},{"text":"same.","start":1477.87,"end":1478.207}]},{"text":"A strategic approach to maritime security must be founded on universal norms, but it must also be informed by a critical understanding of particular circumstances in order to deliver effective policy.","start":1479.074,"end":1491.479,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1479.074,"end":1479.09},{"text":"strategic","start":1479.138,"end":1479.732},{"text":"approach","start":1479.732,"end":1480.085},{"text":"to","start":1480.213,"end":1480.325},{"text":"maritime","start":1480.325,"end":1480.839},{"text":"security","start":1480.839,"end":1481.449},{"text":"must","start":1481.545,"end":1481.802},{"text":"be","start":1481.802,"end":1481.946},{"text":"founded","start":1481.946,"end":1482.46},{"text":"on","start":1482.508,"end":1482.668},{"text":"universal","start":1482.668,"end":1483.182},{"text":"norms,","start":1483.182,"end":1483.696},{"text":"but","start":1484.129,"end":1484.225},{"text":"it","start":1484.273,"end":1484.305},{"text":"must","start":1484.305,"end":1484.594},{"text":"also","start":1484.594,"end":1484.915},{"text":"be","start":1484.915,"end":1485.011},{"text":"informed","start":1485.011,"end":1485.541},{"text":"by","start":1485.573,"end":1485.669},{"text":"a","start":1485.669,"end":1485.846},{"text":"critical","start":1485.878,"end":1486.231},{"text":"understanding","start":1486.279,"end":1486.905},{"text":"of","start":1487.274,"end":1487.419},{"text":"particular","start":1487.419,"end":1487.82},{"text":"circumstances","start":1487.82,"end":1488.67},{"text":"in","start":1489.168,"end":1489.264},{"text":"order","start":1489.328,"end":1489.649},{"text":"to","start":1489.649,"end":1489.697},{"text":"deliver","start":1489.746,"end":1490.275},{"text":"effective","start":1490.468,"end":1490.997},{"text":"policy.","start":1491.094,"end":1491.479}]},{"text":"The events in and around the Strait of Hormuz may be the most acute current concern as regards maritime security, but there are plenty of other potential regional maritime hotspots that will pose their own particular challenges., and these may only grow in number and volatility as the maritime environment continues to evolve.","start":1492.474,"end":1512.38,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1492.474,"end":1492.57},{"text":"events","start":1492.57,"end":1492.955},{"text":"in","start":1492.955,"end":1493.003},{"text":"and","start":1493.116,"end":1493.228},{"text":"around","start":1493.26,"end":1493.549},{"text":"the","start":1493.581,"end":1493.661},{"text":"Strait","start":1493.661,"end":1493.918},{"text":"of","start":1493.918,"end":1493.998},{"text":"Hormuz","start":1493.998,"end":1494.448},{"text":"may","start":1494.624,"end":1494.801},{"text":"be","start":1494.801,"end":1494.913},{"text":"the","start":1494.961,"end":1495.089},{"text":"most","start":1495.089,"end":1495.378},{"text":"acute","start":1495.378,"end":1495.779},{"text":"current","start":1496.068,"end":1496.421},{"text":"concern","start":1496.421,"end":1496.774},{"text":"as","start":1497.304,"end":1497.432},{"text":"regards","start":1497.432,"end":1497.818},{"text":"maritime","start":1497.85,"end":1498.267},{"text":"security,","start":1498.315,"end":1498.861},{"text":"but","start":1499.454,"end":1499.551},{"text":"there","start":1499.599,"end":1499.727},{"text":"are","start":1499.775,"end":1499.824},{"text":"plenty","start":1499.856,"end":1500.241},{"text":"of","start":1500.241,"end":1500.337},{"text":"other","start":1500.337,"end":1500.578},{"text":"potential","start":1500.578,"end":1501.155},{"text":"regional","start":1501.22,"end":1501.605},{"text":"maritime","start":1501.605,"end":1502.086},{"text":"hotspots","start":1502.166,"end":1502.728},{"text":"that","start":1502.985,"end":1503.129},{"text":"will","start":1503.129,"end":1503.194},{"text":"pose","start":1503.306,"end":1503.595},{"text":"their","start":1503.691,"end":1503.819},{"text":"own","start":1503.932,"end":1504.076},{"text":"particular","start":1504.108,"end":1504.59},{"text":"challenges.,","start":1504.59,"end":1505.3},{"text":"and","start":1505.3,"end":1505.8},{"text":"these","start":1505.8,"end":1506.04},{"text":"may","start":1506.04,"end":1506.24},{"text":"only","start":1506.24,"end":1506.52},{"text":"grow","start":1506.52,"end":1506.74},{"text":"in","start":1506.74,"end":1506.9},{"text":"number","start":1506.9,"end":1507.22},{"text":"and","start":1507.22,"end":1507.52},{"text":"volatility","start":1507.52,"end":1508.22},{"text":"as","start":1508.4,"end":1509.2},{"text":"the","start":1509.2,"end":1509.38},{"text":"maritime","start":1509.38,"end":1509.76},{"text":"environment","start":1509.76,"end":1510.38},{"text":"continues","start":1510.38,"end":1510.9},{"text":"to","start":1510.9,"end":1511.08},{"text":"evolve.","start":1511.08,"end":1512.38}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Mr. President, all of these factors appear to reinforce the proposition that maritime security requires a more holistic and sustained approach, but one that builds on existing frameworks and past experience with a more rigorous and robust treatment.","start":1512.42,"end":1527.5,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1527.8,"end":1528.1},{"text":"breadth","start":1528.1,"end":1528.46},{"text":"of","start":1528.46,"end":1528.64},{"text":"the","start":1528.64,"end":1528.74},{"text":"challenges","start":1528.74,"end":1529.18},{"text":"to","start":1529.18,"end":1529.52},{"text":"safeguarding","start":1529.52,"end":1530.08},{"text":"the","start":1530.08,"end":1530.22},{"text":"global","start":1530.22,"end":1530.48},{"text":"waterways","start":1530.48,"end":1531.04},{"text":"and","start":1531.04,"end":1531.24},{"text":"the","start":1531.24,"end":1531.3},{"text":"maritime","start":1531.3,"end":1531.68},{"text":"economy","start":1531.68,"end":1532.14},{"text":"is","start":1532.14,"end":1532.34},{"text":"only","start":1532.34,"end":1532.58},{"text":"going","start":1532.58,"end":1532.98},{"text":"growing.","start":1533.212,"end":1533.501}]},{"text":"Given that, the Council can provide the consistent forum for further comprehensive consultation on the context that threats to waterways and maritime security represent, and that they are no longer just a symptom of growing global instability, but also increasingly becoming a driver of it.","start":1534.416,"end":1553.973,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe 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thank the Council for its attention.","start":1554.744,"end":1556.141,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1554.744,"end":1554.776},{"text":"thank","start":1554.824,"end":1555.049},{"text":"the","start":1555.049,"end":1555.129},{"text":"Council","start":1555.129,"end":1555.498},{"text":"for","start":1555.515,"end":1555.579},{"text":"its","start":1555.611,"end":1555.755},{"text":"attention.","start":1555.755,"end":1556.141}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Nick Childs","affiliation":"IISS","affiliation_full":"IISS","group":null,"function":"Senior Fellow"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":1557.281,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=1558","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank Mr. Childs.","start":1557.281,"end":1558.308,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1557.281,"end":1557.313},{"text":"thank","start":1557.313,"end":1557.538},{"text":"Mr.","start":1557.538,"end":1557.779},{"text":"Childs.","start":1557.859,"end":1558.308}]},{"text":"For his briefing.","start":1559.21,"end":1559.92,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1559.21,"end":1559.291},{"text":"his","start":1559.291,"end":1559.436},{"text":"briefing.","start":1559.468,"end":1559.92}]},{"text":"I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain.","start":1561.873,"end":1567.907,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1561.873,"end":1561.889},{"text":"shall","start":1561.889,"end":1562.066},{"text":"now","start":1562.066,"end":1562.211},{"text":"make","start":1562.599,"end":1562.792},{"text":"a","start":1562.792,"end":1562.857},{"text":"statement","start":1562.857,"end":1563.486},{"text":"in","start":1563.744,"end":1563.793},{"text":"my","start":1563.825,"end":1563.986},{"text":"capacity","start":1563.986,"end":1564.599},{"text":"as","start":1564.632,"end":1564.761},{"text":"the","start":1564.938,"end":1565.035},{"text":"Minister","start":1565.035,"end":1565.358},{"text":"of","start":1565.422,"end":1565.487},{"text":"Foreign","start":1565.519,"end":1565.809},{"text":"Affairs","start":1565.825,"end":1566.213},{"text":"of","start":1567.052,"end":1567.197},{"text":"the","start":1567.197,"end":1567.278},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1567.278,"end":1567.6},{"text":"of","start":1567.6,"end":1567.633},{"text":"Bahrain.","start":1567.697,"end":1567.907}]},{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.","start":1573.13,"end":1574.271,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.","start":1573.13,"end":1574.271}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1574.608,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=1575","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"In the name of God, the merciful, the compassionate.","start":1574.608,"end":1576.858,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1574.608,"end":1574.656},{"text":"the","start":1574.688,"end":1574.785},{"text":"name","start":1574.785,"end":1575.074},{"text":"of","start":1575.074,"end":1575.171},{"text":"God,","start":1575.171,"end":1575.46},{"text":"the","start":1575.556,"end":1575.637},{"text":"merciful,","start":1575.637,"end":1576.039},{"text":"the","start":1576.055,"end":1576.135},{"text":"compassionate.","start":1576.135,"end":1576.858}]},{"text":"Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, At the outset, I extend my sincere appreciation to His Excellency the Secretary-General of the United Nations, His Excellency the Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization, and the Senior Fellow for Naval Affairs and Maritime Security at the International Institute for Strategic Studies for their valuable insights and briefings, which have underlined the critical importance of the topic under discussion today.","start":1581.262,"end":1611.001,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Today's","start":1614.505,"end":1614.979},{"text":"open","start":1615.012,"end":1615.289},{"text":"debate","start":1615.322,"end":1615.877},{"text":"of","start":1615.894,"end":1615.976},{"text":"the","start":1615.976,"end":1616.073},{"text":"Security","start":1616.073,"end":1616.629},{"text":"Council,","start":1616.629,"end":1617.2},{"text":"with","start":1621.03,"end":1621.094},{"text":"the","start":1621.11,"end":1621.142},{"text":"valued","start":1621.159,"end":1621.675},{"text":"participation","start":1621.771,"end":1622.642},{"text":"of","start":1623.465,"end":1623.61},{"text":"over","start":1623.707,"end":1623.997},{"text":"80","start":1624.11,"end":1624.416},{"text":"countries,","start":1624.449,"end":1624.9},{"text":"comes","start":1625.481,"end":1625.707},{"text":"at","start":1625.884,"end":1625.997},{"text":"a","start":1625.997,"end":1626.013},{"text":"pivotal","start":1626.142,"end":1626.513},{"text":"moment","start":1626.545,"end":1627.11},{"text":"and","start":1627.658,"end":1627.723},{"text":"difficult","start":1627.755,"end":1628.384},{"text":"global","start":1628.384,"end":1628.658},{"text":"circumstances,","start":1628.658,"end":1629.497},{"text":"given","start":1630.668,"end":1630.943},{"text":"current","start":1631.234,"end":1631.704},{"text":"international","start":1631.704,"end":1632.449},{"text":"challenges","start":1632.449,"end":1632.983},{"text":"and","start":1634.699,"end":1635.055},{"text":"the","start":1635.055,"end":1635.185},{"text":"direct","start":1635.201,"end":1635.751},{"text":"and","start":1635.768,"end":1635.832},{"text":"escalating","start":1635.994,"end":1636.529},{"text":"threats","start":1636.658,"end":1637.095},{"text":"to","start":1637.059,"end":1637.143},{"text":"maritime","start":1637.143,"end":1637.675},{"text":"security.","start":1637.675,"end":1638.29}]},{"text":"These threats are characterized by deliberate actions aimed at obstructing freedom of navigation through international waterways, thereby endangering the global economy, international trade, and international peace and security.","start":1640.473,"end":1659.255,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1640.473,"end":1640.521},{"text":"threats","start":1640.553,"end":1640.941},{"text":"are","start":1641.022,"end":1641.119},{"text":"characterized","start":1641.119,"end":1641.894},{"text":"by","start":1641.926,"end":1642.12},{"text":"deliberate","start":1642.96,"end":1643.606},{"text":"actions","start":1643.686,"end":1644.155},{"text":"aimed","start":1645.947,"end":1646.27},{"text":"at","start":1646.27,"end":1646.529},{"text":"obstructing","start":1646.529,"end":1647.142},{"text":"freedom","start":1647.272,"end":1647.74},{"text":"of","start":1647.74,"end":1647.788},{"text":"navigation","start":1647.901,"end":1648.677},{"text":"through","start":1648.79,"end":1649.016},{"text":"international","start":1649.016,"end":1649.734},{"text":"waterways,","start":1649.751,"end":1650.306},{"text":"thereby","start":1653.4,"end":1653.609},{"text":"endangering","start":1654.077,"end":1654.69},{"text":"the","start":1654.867,"end":1654.964},{"text":"global","start":1654.964,"end":1655.351},{"text":"economy,","start":1655.351,"end":1655.9},{"text":"international","start":1656.254,"end":1656.98},{"text":"trade,","start":1656.98,"end":1657.384},{"text":"and","start":1657.529,"end":1657.593},{"text":"international","start":1657.706,"end":1658.4},{"text":"peace","start":1658.416,"end":1658.593},{"text":"and","start":1658.593,"end":1658.674},{"text":"security.","start":1658.674,"end":1659.255}]},{"text":"More than 90,000 vessels sail daily across oceans and seas, facilitating global trade valued in the trillions of dollars.","start":1661.621,"end":1672.173,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":1661.621,"end":1661.757},{"text":"than","start":1661.808,"end":1661.944},{"text":"90,000","start":1662.165,"end":1663.219},{"text":"vessels","start":1663.236,"end":1663.559},{"text":"sail","start":1663.81,"end":1664.228},{"text":"daily","start":1664.405,"end":1664.775},{"text":"across","start":1664.823,"end":1665.241},{"text":"oceans","start":1665.354,"end":1665.74},{"text":"and","start":1665.836,"end":1665.916},{"text":"seas,","start":1665.933,"end":1666.222},{"text":"facilitating","start":1667.444,"end":1668.152},{"text":"global","start":1668.168,"end":1668.57},{"text":"trade","start":1668.586,"end":1669.037},{"text":"valued","start":1669.535,"end":1670.018},{"text":"in","start":1670.179,"end":1670.227},{"text":"the","start":1670.275,"end":1670.5},{"text":"trillions","start":1670.5,"end":1671.047},{"text":"of","start":1671.658,"end":1671.771},{"text":"dollars.","start":1671.803,"end":1672.173}]},{"text":"The current situation, therefore, requires a collective response from the international community.","start":1676.664,"end":1682.138,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1676.664,"end":1676.809},{"text":"current","start":1676.809,"end":1677.067},{"text":"situation,","start":1677.083,"end":1677.823},{"text":"therefore,","start":1678.097,"end":1678.532},{"text":"requires","start":1678.741,"end":1679.289},{"text":"a","start":1679.385,"end":1679.401},{"text":"collective","start":1679.401,"end":1679.949},{"text":"response","start":1679.949,"end":1680.448},{"text":"from","start":1680.528,"end":1680.705},{"text":"the","start":1680.754,"end":1680.834},{"text":"international","start":1680.85,"end":1681.559},{"text":"community.","start":1681.575,"end":1682.138}]},{"text":"The need for maritime security has never been more urgent than today.","start":1684.37,"end":1688.716,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1684.37,"end":1684.402},{"text":"need","start":1684.402,"end":1684.777},{"text":"for","start":1684.858,"end":1685.102},{"text":"maritime","start":1685.102,"end":1685.672},{"text":"security","start":1685.672,"end":1686.225},{"text":"has","start":1686.242,"end":1686.388},{"text":"never","start":1686.518,"end":1686.925},{"text":"been","start":1686.974,"end":1687.121},{"text":"more","start":1687.316,"end":1687.43},{"text":"urgent","start":1687.706,"end":1688.309},{"text":"than","start":1688.309,"end":1688.423},{"text":"today.","start":1688.52,"end":1688.716}]},{"text":"I would also like to express my appreciation to the countries that have joined today's statement on maritime security.","start":1691.6,"end":1698.364,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1691.6,"end":1691.648},{"text":"would","start":1691.68,"end":1691.84},{"text":"also","start":1691.84,"end":1692.097},{"text":"like","start":1692.113,"end":1692.417},{"text":"to","start":1692.417,"end":1692.497},{"text":"express","start":1692.497,"end":1692.85},{"text":"my","start":1692.962,"end":1693.122},{"text":"appreciation","start":1693.138,"end":1693.924},{"text":"to","start":1693.924,"end":1694.02},{"text":"the","start":1694.02,"end":1694.164},{"text":"countries","start":1694.164,"end":1694.549},{"text":"that","start":1694.741,"end":1694.966},{"text":"have","start":1694.966,"end":1695.11},{"text":"joined","start":1695.206,"end":1695.671},{"text":"today's","start":1695.799,"end":1696.328},{"text":"statement","start":1696.328,"end":1696.969},{"text":"on","start":1696.985,"end":1697.033},{"text":"maritime","start":1697.13,"end":1697.659},{"text":"security.","start":1697.803,"end":1698.364}]},{"text":"I call on other states to join the statement, which condemns Iran's aggression against the Gulf Cooperation Council states and Jordan, and rejects Iran's actions in closing the Strait of Hormuz and exploiting the strait as a political tool and an economic resource by imposing fees on a natural international waterway.","start":1699.374,"end":1725.355,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1699.374,"end":1699.422},{"text":"call","start":1699.47,"end":1699.79},{"text":"on","start":1699.79,"end":1699.839},{"text":"other","start":1699.951,"end":1700.079},{"text":"states","start":1700.127,"end":1700.56},{"text":"to","start":1700.688,"end":1700.8},{"text":"join","start":1700.832,"end":1701.137},{"text":"the","start":1701.137,"end":1701.217},{"text":"statement,","start":1701.217,"end":1701.874},{"text":"which","start":1702.9,"end":1703.044},{"text":"condemns","start":1703.157,"end":1703.605},{"text":"Iran's","start":1703.862,"end":1704.263},{"text":"aggression","start":1704.263,"end":1704.808},{"text":"against","start":1704.984,"end":1705.481},{"text":"the","start":1705.545,"end":1705.641},{"text":"Gulf","start":1705.641,"end":1705.898},{"text":"Cooperation","start":1705.946,"end":1706.651},{"text":"Council","start":1706.683,"end":1707.084},{"text":"states","start":1707.084,"end":1707.452},{"text":"and","start":1707.629,"end":1707.741},{"text":"Jordan,","start":1707.805,"end":1708.238},{"text":"and","start":1709.071,"end":1709.2},{"text":"rejects","start":1709.2,"end":1709.761},{"text":"Iran's","start":1710.129,"end":1710.594},{"text":"actions","start":1710.674,"end":1711.139},{"text":"in","start":1711.331,"end":1711.46},{"text":"closing","start":1711.476,"end":1711.94},{"text":"the","start":1712.037,"end":1712.069},{"text":"Strait","start":1712.069,"end":1712.437},{"text":"of","start":1712.437,"end":1712.598},{"text":"Hormuz","start":1712.598,"end":1712.982},{"text":"and","start":1713.88,"end":1713.992},{"text":"exploiting","start":1714.04,"end":1714.665},{"text":"the","start":1714.858,"end":1714.938},{"text":"strait","start":1714.938,"end":1715.563},{"text":"as","start":1715.643,"end":1715.691},{"text":"a","start":1715.755,"end":1715.771},{"text":"political","start":1715.82,"end":1716.348},{"text":"tool","start":1716.381,"end":1716.573},{"text":"and","start":1717.81,"end":1718.052},{"text":"an","start":1718.068,"end":1718.148},{"text":"economic","start":1718.148,"end":1718.711},{"text":"resource","start":1718.727,"end":1719.306},{"text":"by","start":1721.285,"end":1721.478},{"text":"imposing","start":1721.607,"end":1722.057},{"text":"fees","start":1722.154,"end":1722.54},{"text":"on","start":1722.974,"end":1723.022},{"text":"a","start":1723.199,"end":1723.215},{"text":"natural","start":1723.231,"end":1723.81},{"text":"international","start":1724.004,"end":1724.792},{"text":"waterway.","start":1724.808,"end":1725.355}]},{"text":"The freedom of navigation is a cornerstone of international law and peace.","start":1730.544,"end":1734.458,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1730.544,"end":1730.625},{"text":"freedom","start":1730.625,"end":1730.915},{"text":"of","start":1730.963,"end":1731.092},{"text":"navigation","start":1731.108,"end":1731.801},{"text":"is","start":1731.913,"end":1732.01},{"text":"a","start":1732.01,"end":1732.026},{"text":"cornerstone","start":1732.139,"end":1732.847},{"text":"of","start":1732.96,"end":1733.025},{"text":"international","start":1733.041,"end":1733.798},{"text":"law","start":1733.83,"end":1733.878},{"text":"and","start":1734.071,"end":1734.136},{"text":"peace.","start":1734.249,"end":1734.458}]},{"text":"As such, it requires full compliance with and adherence to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":1736.568,"end":1743.445,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1736.568,"end":1736.6},{"text":"such,","start":1736.6,"end":1736.954},{"text":"it","start":1737.454,"end":1737.566},{"text":"requires","start":1737.566,"end":1738.162},{"text":"full","start":1738.42,"end":1738.742},{"text":"compliance","start":1738.758,"end":1739.37},{"text":"with","start":1739.387,"end":1739.679},{"text":"and","start":1739.793,"end":1739.858},{"text":"adherence","start":1739.955,"end":1740.653},{"text":"to","start":1740.685,"end":1740.75},{"text":"the","start":1740.783,"end":1741.026},{"text":"United","start":1741.107,"end":1741.513},{"text":"Nations","start":1741.513,"end":1741.886},{"text":"Convention","start":1741.984,"end":1742.454},{"text":"on","start":1742.649,"end":1742.795},{"text":"the","start":1742.812,"end":1742.893},{"text":"Law","start":1742.893,"end":1742.974},{"text":"of","start":1743.055,"end":1743.185},{"text":"the","start":1743.217,"end":1743.298},{"text":"Sea.","start":1743.298,"end":1743.445}]},{"text":"Which governs all maritime rights, as well as rights of transit and innocent passage through international straits.","start":1744.769,"end":1754.453,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Which","start":1744.769,"end":1744.914},{"text":"governs","start":1745.091,"end":1745.605},{"text":"all","start":1746.296,"end":1746.344},{"text":"maritime","start":1746.473,"end":1747.003},{"text":"rights,","start":1747.115,"end":1747.597},{"text":"as","start":1749.188,"end":1749.333},{"text":"well","start":1749.429,"end":1749.686},{"text":"as","start":1749.751,"end":1749.799},{"text":"rights","start":1750.024,"end":1750.281},{"text":"of","start":1750.345,"end":1750.458},{"text":"transit","start":1750.49,"end":1751.117},{"text":"and","start":1751.374,"end":1751.438},{"text":"innocent","start":1751.599,"end":1752.081},{"text":"passage","start":1752.097,"end":1752.579},{"text":"through","start":1752.9,"end":1753.157},{"text":"international","start":1753.19,"end":1753.895},{"text":"straits.","start":1753.895,"end":1754.453}]},{"text":"The situation in the Strait of Hormuz highlights the risks we face, with Iran's actions endangering the global economy.","start":1758.21,"end":1768.714,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1758.21,"end":1758.242},{"text":"situation","start":1758.242,"end":1758.85},{"text":"in","start":1758.982,"end":1759.031},{"text":"the","start":1759.064,"end":1759.146},{"text":"Strait","start":1759.146,"end":1759.475},{"text":"of","start":1759.475,"end":1759.623},{"text":"Hormuz","start":1759.623,"end":1760.017},{"text":"highlights","start":1760.526,"end":1761.101},{"text":"the","start":1761.101,"end":1761.184},{"text":"risks","start":1761.184,"end":1761.594},{"text":"we","start":1761.594,"end":1761.693},{"text":"face,","start":1761.693,"end":1761.989},{"text":"with","start":1765.15,"end":1765.347},{"text":"Iran's","start":1765.347,"end":1765.741},{"text":"actions","start":1765.823,"end":1766.299},{"text":"endangering","start":1766.825,"end":1767.449},{"text":"the","start":1767.728,"end":1767.81},{"text":"global","start":1767.81,"end":1768.221},{"text":"economy.","start":1768.221,"end":1768.714}]},{"text":"And threatening the safety of millions, particularly those in the Global South.","start":1771.544,"end":1777.2,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1771.544,"end":1771.609},{"text":"threatening","start":1771.641,"end":1772.176},{"text":"the","start":1772.273,"end":1772.354},{"text":"safety","start":1772.354,"end":1772.824},{"text":"of","start":1772.857,"end":1772.987},{"text":"millions,","start":1773.003,"end":1773.473},{"text":"particularly","start":1775.353,"end":1775.92},{"text":"those","start":1776.017,"end":1776.228},{"text":"in","start":1776.341,"end":1776.39},{"text":"the","start":1776.422,"end":1776.568},{"text":"Global","start":1776.568,"end":1776.843},{"text":"South.","start":1776.843,"end":1777.2}]},{"text":"These hostile acts, which some countries classify as terrorism, demonstrate the fragility of our critical trade routes with consequences extending beyond commercial interests to affect the livelihoods of countless individuals who depend on safe maritime corridors.","start":1778.594,"end":1809.085,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1778.594,"end":1778.74},{"text":"hostile","start":1778.74,"end":1779.222},{"text":"acts,","start":1779.318,"end":1779.736},{"text":"which","start":1782.453,"end":1782.678},{"text":"some","start":1782.871,"end":1783.031},{"text":"countries","start":1783.112,"end":1783.562},{"text":"classify","start":1783.658,"end":1784.301},{"text":"as","start":1784.382,"end":1784.446},{"text":"terrorism,","start":1784.558,"end":1785.137},{"text":"demonstrate","start":1787.42,"end":1788.175},{"text":"the","start":1788.641,"end":1788.673},{"text":"fragility","start":1788.673,"end":1789.428},{"text":"of","start":1789.605,"end":1789.669},{"text":"our","start":1789.766,"end":1789.943},{"text":"critical","start":1790.103,"end":1790.73},{"text":"trade","start":1790.826,"end":1791.164},{"text":"routes","start":1791.212,"end":1791.517},{"text":"with","start":1793.96,"end":1794.265},{"text":"consequences","start":1794.281,"end":1795.133},{"text":"extending","start":1795.39,"end":1795.937},{"text":"beyond","start":1796.049,"end":1796.58},{"text":"commercial","start":1796.702,"end":1797.367},{"text":"interests","start":1797.472,"end":1798.154},{"text":"to","start":1798.679,"end":1798.76},{"text":"affect","start":1798.76,"end":1799.455},{"text":"the","start":1800.199,"end":1800.28},{"text":"livelihoods","start":1800.28,"end":1800.992},{"text":"of","start":1801.428,"end":1801.558},{"text":"countless","start":1801.655,"end":1802.189},{"text":"individuals","start":1802.383,"end":1803.094},{"text":"who","start":1806.2,"end":1806.378},{"text":"depend","start":1806.442,"end":1807.073},{"text":"on","start":1807.17,"end":1807.267},{"text":"safe","start":1807.3,"end":1807.738},{"text":"maritime","start":1807.803,"end":1808.355},{"text":"corridors.","start":1808.533,"end":1809.085}]},{"text":"Excellencies, any restriction or obstruction of international navigation directly affects international trade, energy security, and global economic stability, as well as food supply, medicine supply, and the delivery of humanitarian aid.","start":1813.12,"end":1834.153,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1813.12,"end":1813.442},{"text":"any","start":1816.44,"end":1816.585},{"text":"restriction","start":1816.682,"end":1817.31},{"text":"or","start":1817.568,"end":1817.617},{"text":"obstruction","start":1817.746,"end":1818.277},{"text":"of","start":1818.471,"end":1818.6},{"text":"international","start":1818.632,"end":1819.406},{"text":"navigation","start":1819.422,"end":1820.051},{"text":"directly","start":1820.244,"end":1820.728},{"text":"affects","start":1820.808,"end":1821.373},{"text":"international","start":1821.373,"end":1822.102},{"text":"trade,","start":1822.102,"end":1822.394},{"text":"energy","start":1823.382,"end":1823.69},{"text":"security,","start":1823.722,"end":1824.37},{"text":"and","start":1825.294,"end":1825.456},{"text":"global","start":1825.472,"end":1825.861},{"text":"economic","start":1825.893,"end":1826.379},{"text":"stability,","start":1826.379,"end":1826.978},{"text":"as","start":1828.127,"end":1828.192},{"text":"well","start":1828.289,"end":1828.451},{"text":"as","start":1828.531,"end":1828.677},{"text":"food","start":1829.454,"end":1829.648},{"text":"supply,","start":1829.665,"end":1830.037},{"text":"medicine","start":1830.717,"end":1831.105},{"text":"supply,","start":1831.154,"end":1831.558},{"text":"and","start":1832.174,"end":1832.4},{"text":"the","start":1832.497,"end":1832.578},{"text":"delivery","start":1832.594,"end":1833.048},{"text":"of","start":1833.145,"end":1833.21},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1833.21,"end":1833.896},{"text":"aid.","start":1833.999,"end":1834.153}]},{"text":"The silence of the international community in the face of these unlawful practices leads to entrenching them, thus undermining the existing international framework and weakening confidence in the maritime system.","start":1836.202,"end":1851.087,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1836.202,"end":1836.298},{"text":"silence","start":1836.298,"end":1836.86},{"text":"of","start":1836.909,"end":1837.021},{"text":"the","start":1837.021,"end":1837.069},{"text":"international","start":1837.15,"end":1837.873},{"text":"community","start":1837.873,"end":1838.419},{"text":"in","start":1838.596,"end":1838.66},{"text":"the","start":1838.676,"end":1838.757},{"text":"face","start":1838.757,"end":1839.174},{"text":"of","start":1839.239,"end":1839.287},{"text":"these","start":1839.399,"end":1839.544},{"text":"unlawful","start":1839.721,"end":1840.283},{"text":"practices","start":1840.363,"end":1840.91},{"text":"leads","start":1841.167,"end":1841.472},{"text":"to","start":1841.745,"end":1841.874},{"text":"entrenching","start":1842.629,"end":1843.159},{"text":"them,","start":1843.272,"end":1843.545},{"text":"thus","start":1844.557,"end":1844.879},{"text":"undermining","start":1844.943,"end":1845.57},{"text":"the","start":1845.683,"end":1845.732},{"text":"existing","start":1845.748,"end":1846.3},{"text":"international","start":1846.495,"end":1847.225},{"text":"framework","start":1847.225,"end":1847.858},{"text":"and","start":1848.263,"end":1848.572},{"text":"weakening","start":1848.685,"end":1849.14},{"text":"confidence","start":1849.253,"end":1849.935},{"text":"in","start":1849.967,"end":1850.016},{"text":"the","start":1850.049,"end":1850.081},{"text":"maritime","start":1850.081,"end":1850.682},{"text":"system.","start":1850.73,"end":1851.087}]},{"text":"This trajectory is detrimental to the interests of all nations.","start":1851.874,"end":1855.377,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1851.874,"end":1852.099},{"text":"trajectory","start":1852.099,"end":1852.726},{"text":"is","start":1852.838,"end":1852.886},{"text":"detrimental","start":1852.983,"end":1853.642},{"text":"to","start":1853.642,"end":1853.738},{"text":"the","start":1853.738,"end":1853.867},{"text":"interests","start":1853.883,"end":1854.445},{"text":"of","start":1854.445,"end":1854.542},{"text":"all","start":1854.67,"end":1854.799},{"text":"nations.","start":1854.847,"end":1855.377}]},{"text":"It threatens global supply chains and exacerbates the challenges faced by already fragile economies.","start":1855.747,"end":1862.739,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1855.747,"end":1855.875},{"text":"threatens","start":1855.875,"end":1856.422},{"text":"global","start":1856.614,"end":1856.952},{"text":"supply","start":1856.952,"end":1857.418},{"text":"chains","start":1857.418,"end":1857.787},{"text":"and","start":1858.286,"end":1858.43},{"text":"exacerbates","start":1858.527,"end":1859.25},{"text":"the","start":1859.25,"end":1859.346},{"text":"challenges","start":1859.41,"end":1859.876},{"text":"faced","start":1860.134,"end":1860.6},{"text":"by","start":1860.632,"end":1860.748},{"text":"already","start":1861.192,"end":1861.62},{"text":"fragile","start":1861.62,"end":1862.146},{"text":"economies.","start":1862.196,"end":1862.739}]},{"text":"In response to these pressing issues, it is vital to reaffirm the legitimacy of freedom of navigation, including the right of transit and innocent passage through international straits, while emphasizing the right of ships to navigate without discrimination, calling on all states to protect these rights and condemning any violations thereof.","start":1866.532,"end":1892.678,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1866.532,"end":1866.565},{"text":"response","start":1866.613,"end":1867.18},{"text":"to","start":1867.18,"end":1867.261},{"text":"these","start":1867.277,"end":1867.472},{"text":"pressing","start":1867.585,"end":1867.876},{"text":"issues,","start":1867.99,"end":1868.297},{"text":"it","start":1870.256,"end":1870.337},{"text":"is","start":1870.354,"end":1870.467},{"text":"vital","start":1870.499,"end":1870.904},{"text":"to","start":1870.92,"end":1871.05},{"text":"reaffirm","start":1871.05,"end":1871.633},{"text":"the","start":1871.633,"end":1871.778},{"text":"legitimacy","start":1871.795,"end":1872.491},{"text":"of","start":1872.604,"end":1872.685},{"text":"freedom","start":1872.685,"end":1873.106},{"text":"of","start":1873.106,"end":1873.22},{"text":"navigation,","start":1873.22,"end":1873.855},{"text":"including","start":1875.615,"end":1876.153},{"text":"the","start":1876.43,"end":1876.512},{"text":"right","start":1876.512,"end":1876.773},{"text":"of","start":1876.821,"end":1876.887},{"text":"transit","start":1876.984,"end":1877.555},{"text":"and","start":1877.636,"end":1877.75},{"text":"innocent","start":1877.881,"end":1878.288},{"text":"passage","start":1878.305,"end":1878.81},{"text":"through","start":1878.94,"end":1879.084},{"text":"international","start":1879.213,"end":1879.937},{"text":"straits,","start":1879.937,"end":1880.452},{"text":"while","start":1881.69,"end":1881.932},{"text":"emphasizing","start":1881.948,"end":1882.559},{"text":"the","start":1882.833,"end":1882.913},{"text":"right","start":1882.913,"end":1883.219},{"text":"of","start":1883.235,"end":1883.331},{"text":"ships","start":1883.331,"end":1883.75},{"text":"to","start":1883.814,"end":1883.926},{"text":"navigate","start":1883.926,"end":1884.602},{"text":"without","start":1884.602,"end":1885.004},{"text":"discrimination,","start":1885.004,"end":1885.776},{"text":"calling","start":1887.3,"end":1887.577},{"text":"on","start":1887.577,"end":1887.707},{"text":"all","start":1887.805,"end":1887.919},{"text":"states","start":1887.919,"end":1888.473},{"text":"to","start":1888.473,"end":1888.555},{"text":"protect","start":1888.555,"end":1889.076},{"text":"these","start":1889.125,"end":1889.255},{"text":"rights","start":1889.37,"end":1889.761},{"text":"and","start":1890.25,"end":1890.494},{"text":"condemning","start":1890.494,"end":1890.967},{"text":"any","start":1891.228,"end":1891.423},{"text":"violations","start":1891.423,"end":1892.108},{"text":"thereof.","start":1892.304,"end":1892.678}]},{"text":"It is therefore necessary to take practical institutional measures to strengthen globally applicable maritime rules.","start":1895.356,"end":1904.116,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1895.356,"end":1895.484},{"text":"is","start":1895.533,"end":1895.581},{"text":"therefore","start":1895.839,"end":1896.209},{"text":"necessary","start":1896.257,"end":1896.789},{"text":"to","start":1896.821,"end":1896.982},{"text":"take","start":1896.982,"end":1897.304},{"text":"practical","start":1897.304,"end":1898.093},{"text":"institutional","start":1898.11,"end":1898.931},{"text":"measures","start":1898.931,"end":1899.366},{"text":"to","start":1900.847,"end":1900.896},{"text":"strengthen","start":1900.928,"end":1901.54},{"text":"globally","start":1902.039,"end":1902.554},{"text":"applicable","start":1902.619,"end":1903.247},{"text":"maritime","start":1903.327,"end":1903.891},{"text":"rules.","start":1903.891,"end":1904.116}]},{"text":"Based on Security Council Resolution 552 of 1984, Security Council Resolution 2817, and Human Rights Council Resolution 61/1, as well as the presidential statement of the Security Council issued on the 2nd of this month, all of which have emphasized the importance of safety of international navigation.","start":1906.007,"end":1934.813,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Based","start":1906.007,"end":1906.345},{"text":"on","start":1906.345,"end":1906.426},{"text":"Security","start":1906.426,"end":1906.893},{"text":"Council","start":1906.973,"end":1907.392},{"text":"Resolution","start":1907.44,"end":1908.149},{"text":"552","start":1908.181,"end":1908.939},{"text":"of","start":1909.309,"end":1909.406},{"text":"1984,","start":1909.47,"end":1910.453},{"text":"Security","start":1912.47,"end":1912.781},{"text":"Council","start":1912.781,"end":1913.06},{"text":"Resolution","start":1913.141,"end":1913.551},{"text":"2817,","start":1913.551,"end":1915.174},{"text":"and","start":1916.783,"end":1916.899},{"text":"Human","start":1916.997,"end":1917.294},{"text":"Rights","start":1917.343,"end":1917.672},{"text":"Council","start":1917.672,"end":1918.084},{"text":"Resolution","start":1918.084,"end":1918.693},{"text":"61/1,","start":1920.075,"end":1920.47},{"text":"as","start":1923.27,"end":1923.302},{"text":"well","start":1923.366,"end":1923.607},{"text":"as","start":1923.688,"end":1923.833},{"text":"the","start":1924.251,"end":1924.444},{"text":"presidential","start":1924.67,"end":1925.297},{"text":"statement","start":1925.297,"end":1925.877},{"text":"of","start":1925.877,"end":1926.022},{"text":"the","start":1926.022,"end":1926.102},{"text":"Security","start":1926.102,"end":1926.682},{"text":"Council","start":1926.682,"end":1927.148},{"text":"issued","start":1927.165,"end":1927.503},{"text":"on","start":1927.551,"end":1927.631},{"text":"the","start":1927.631,"end":1927.728},{"text":"2nd","start":1927.728,"end":1928.098},{"text":"of","start":1928.195,"end":1928.259},{"text":"this","start":1928.291,"end":1928.404},{"text":"month,","start":1928.517,"end":1928.774},{"text":"all","start":1929.482,"end":1929.611},{"text":"of","start":1929.659,"end":1929.756},{"text":"which","start":1929.804,"end":1930.207},{"text":"have","start":1930.419,"end":1930.73},{"text":"emphasized","start":1930.828,"end":1931.432},{"text":"the","start":1931.644,"end":1931.742},{"text":"importance","start":1931.742,"end":1932.281},{"text":"of","start":1932.494,"end":1932.608},{"text":"safety","start":1932.641,"end":1933.18},{"text":"of","start":1933.294,"end":1933.376},{"text":"international","start":1933.457,"end":1934.16},{"text":"navigation.","start":1934.192,"end":1934.813}]},{"text":"Today, more than 40 years after the adoption of Security Council Resolution 552, it is of the utmost importance to reaffirm this global guarantee of maritime security.","start":1936.353,"end":1953.116,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":1936.353,"end":1937.543},{"text":"more","start":1938.75,"end":1938.879},{"text":"than","start":1938.992,"end":1939.137},{"text":"40","start":1939.249,"end":1939.7},{"text":"years","start":1939.716,"end":1940.022},{"text":"after","start":1941.003,"end":1941.261},{"text":"the","start":1941.261,"end":1941.39},{"text":"adoption","start":1941.406,"end":1941.856},{"text":"of","start":1942.065,"end":1942.194},{"text":"Security","start":1942.21,"end":1942.645},{"text":"Council","start":1942.709,"end":1943.095},{"text":"Resolution","start":1943.095,"end":1943.755},{"text":"552,","start":1943.755,"end":1944.56},{"text":"it","start":1947.48,"end":1947.512},{"text":"is","start":1947.512,"end":1947.576},{"text":"of","start":1947.737,"end":1947.898},{"text":"the","start":1947.898,"end":1947.963},{"text":"utmost","start":1948.091,"end":1948.558},{"text":"importance","start":1948.558,"end":1949.09},{"text":"to","start":1949.203,"end":1949.348},{"text":"reaffirm","start":1949.348,"end":1949.96},{"text":"this","start":1950.555,"end":1950.829},{"text":"global","start":1950.958,"end":1951.361},{"text":"guarantee","start":1951.361,"end":1951.924},{"text":"of","start":1951.94,"end":1952.069},{"text":"maritime","start":1952.085,"end":1952.552},{"text":"security.","start":1952.585,"end":1953.116}]},{"text":"Excellencies, Maritime security is not the responsibility of a single state.","start":1954.275,"end":1959.644,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1954.275,"end":1954.807},{"text":"Maritime","start":1956.32,"end":1956.691},{"text":"security","start":1956.739,"end":1957.352},{"text":"is","start":1957.449,"end":1957.594},{"text":"not","start":1957.627,"end":1957.74},{"text":"the","start":1957.804,"end":1957.885},{"text":"responsibility","start":1957.885,"end":1958.724},{"text":"of","start":1958.756,"end":1958.853},{"text":"a","start":1958.853,"end":1958.918},{"text":"single","start":1958.918,"end":1959.321},{"text":"state.","start":1959.321,"end":1959.644}]},{"text":"It is rather a shared responsibility that requires genuine international commitment, sustained cooperation, and political will to ensure the free flow of international trade and the preservation of global stability.","start":1960.225,"end":1979.607,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1960.225,"end":1960.305},{"text":"is","start":1960.37,"end":1960.418},{"text":"rather","start":1960.531,"end":1960.902},{"text":"a","start":1960.951,"end":1960.967},{"text":"shared","start":1961.015,"end":1961.403},{"text":"responsibility","start":1961.403,"end":1962.193},{"text":"that","start":1963.194,"end":1963.436},{"text":"requires","start":1963.436,"end":1964.049},{"text":"genuine","start":1964.389,"end":1964.843},{"text":"international","start":1964.892,"end":1965.605},{"text":"commitment,","start":1965.621,"end":1966.27},{"text":"sustained","start":1967.34,"end":1967.859},{"text":"cooperation,","start":1967.891,"end":1968.589},{"text":"and","start":1969.983,"end":1970.291},{"text":"political","start":1970.551,"end":1971.134},{"text":"will","start":1971.134,"end":1971.426},{"text":"to","start":1973.167,"end":1973.312},{"text":"ensure","start":1973.312,"end":1973.811},{"text":"the","start":1974.117,"end":1974.197},{"text":"free","start":1974.197,"end":1974.584},{"text":"flow","start":1974.584,"end":1974.777},{"text":"of","start":1975.018,"end":1975.147},{"text":"international","start":1975.163,"end":1975.936},{"text":"trade","start":1975.952,"end":1976.419},{"text":"and","start":1976.838,"end":1977.111},{"text":"the","start":1977.111,"end":1977.192},{"text":"preservation","start":1977.192,"end":1977.868},{"text":"of","start":1978.061,"end":1978.222},{"text":"global","start":1978.222,"end":1978.657},{"text":"stability.","start":1979.011,"end":1979.607}]},{"text":"The security of international maritime corridors is a collective interest that cannot be addressed selectively.","start":1981.574,"end":1989.089,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1981.574,"end":1981.655},{"text":"security","start":1981.655,"end":1982.188},{"text":"of","start":1982.221,"end":1982.35},{"text":"international","start":1982.382,"end":1983.077},{"text":"maritime","start":1983.11,"end":1983.562},{"text":"corridors","start":1983.659,"end":1984.209},{"text":"is","start":1984.79,"end":1984.855},{"text":"a","start":1984.984,"end":1985.001},{"text":"collective","start":1985.049,"end":1985.598},{"text":"interest","start":1985.615,"end":1986.164},{"text":"that","start":1986.423,"end":1986.746},{"text":"cannot","start":1986.746,"end":1987.215},{"text":"be","start":1987.215,"end":1987.376},{"text":"addressed","start":1987.392,"end":1987.958},{"text":"selectively.","start":1988.378,"end":1989.089}]},{"text":"Accordingly, the Kingdom of Bahrain urges the international community to recognize the grave repercussions of Iran's closure of the Strait of Hormuz.","start":1992.196,"end":2002.471,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":1992.196,"end":1992.807},{"text":"the","start":1993.064,"end":1993.16},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1993.16,"end":1993.449},{"text":"of","start":1993.498,"end":1993.61},{"text":"Bahrain","start":1993.642,"end":1994.012},{"text":"urges","start":1994.269,"end":1994.574},{"text":"the","start":1994.671,"end":1994.767},{"text":"international","start":1994.767,"end":1995.458},{"text":"community","start":1995.474,"end":1996.101},{"text":"to","start":1997.258,"end":1997.403},{"text":"recognize","start":1997.403,"end":1997.949},{"text":"the","start":1998.061,"end":1998.142},{"text":"grave","start":1998.206,"end":1998.544},{"text":"repercussions","start":1998.544,"end":1999.315},{"text":"of","start":1999.668,"end":1999.797},{"text":"Iran's","start":1999.893,"end":2000.36},{"text":"closure","start":2000.36,"end":2000.895},{"text":"of","start":2001.366,"end":2001.415},{"text":"the","start":2001.513,"end":2001.594},{"text":"Strait","start":2001.594,"end":2001.935},{"text":"of","start":2001.935,"end":2002.081},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":2002.081,"end":2002.471}]},{"text":"This closure represents a violation of international law.","start":2004.111,"end":2007.018,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2004.111,"end":2004.371},{"text":"closure","start":2004.371,"end":2004.696},{"text":"represents","start":2004.696,"end":2005.329},{"text":"a","start":2005.329,"end":2005.345},{"text":"violation","start":2005.362,"end":2005.963},{"text":"of","start":2006.076,"end":2006.206},{"text":"international","start":2006.239,"end":2006.921},{"text":"law.","start":2006.97,"end":2007.018}]},{"text":"Aimed at inflicting hardship on the peoples of the world and exploiting the situation in negotiations.","start":2007.648,"end":2014.207,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Aimed","start":2007.648,"end":2007.875},{"text":"at","start":2007.973,"end":2008.2},{"text":"inflicting","start":2008.297,"end":2008.768},{"text":"hardship","start":2008.801,"end":2009.45},{"text":"on","start":2009.466,"end":2009.547},{"text":"the","start":2009.596,"end":2009.694},{"text":"peoples","start":2009.694,"end":2009.986},{"text":"of","start":2010.164,"end":2010.278},{"text":"the","start":2010.278,"end":2010.375},{"text":"world","start":2010.408,"end":2010.797},{"text":"and","start":2011.301,"end":2011.609},{"text":"exploiting","start":2011.658,"end":2012.259},{"text":"the","start":2012.291,"end":2012.388},{"text":"situation","start":2012.388,"end":2013.151},{"text":"in","start":2013.33,"end":2013.427},{"text":"negotiations.","start":2013.427,"end":2014.207}]},{"text":"This unlawful and irresponsible act has led to the detention of nearly 800 cargo ships in the Arabian Gulf and has stranded thousands of commercial vessels.","start":2015.84,"end":2031.803,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":2065.322,"end":2065.564},{"text":"economic","start":2065.58,"end":2066.13},{"text":"losses","start":2066.13,"end":2066.519},{"text":"have","start":2067.263,"end":2067.521},{"text":"your","start":2067.521,"end":2067.748},{"text":"countries","start":2067.748,"end":2068.136},{"text":"suffered","start":2068.168,"end":2068.783},{"text":"as","start":2069.365,"end":2069.43},{"text":"a","start":2069.527,"end":2069.543},{"text":"result?","start":2069.543,"end":2070.029}]},{"text":"How has the closure of the Strait of Hormuz affected the lives of your citizens?","start":2076.711,"end":2080.739,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":2076.711,"end":2076.921},{"text":"has","start":2076.97,"end":2077.18},{"text":"the","start":2077.277,"end":2077.342},{"text":"closure","start":2077.374,"end":2077.94},{"text":"of","start":2078.021,"end":2078.102},{"text":"the","start":2078.102,"end":2078.199},{"text":"Strait","start":2078.199,"end":2078.571},{"text":"of","start":2078.571,"end":2078.636},{"text":"Hormuz","start":2078.652,"end":2079.089},{"text":"affected","start":2079.17,"end":2079.703},{"text":"the","start":2079.703,"end":2079.784},{"text":"lives","start":2079.784,"end":2080.092},{"text":"of","start":2080.124,"end":2080.27},{"text":"your","start":2080.27,"end":2080.334},{"text":"citizens?","start":2080.367,"end":2080.739}]},{"text":"What measures can your countries take to resolve this crisis?","start":2084.453,"end":2089.476,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":2084.453,"end":2084.583},{"text":"measures","start":2084.712,"end":2085.085},{"text":"can","start":2085.263,"end":2085.393},{"text":"your","start":2085.425,"end":2085.603},{"text":"countries","start":2085.603,"end":2086.057},{"text":"take","start":2086.171,"end":2086.56},{"text":"to","start":2088.115,"end":2088.212},{"text":"resolve","start":2088.212,"end":2088.618},{"text":"this","start":2088.828,"end":2088.893},{"text":"crisis?","start":2089.007,"end":2089.476}]},{"text":"Does navigation through international waters require the payment of transit fees, as Iran is seeking to do?","start":2095.554,"end":2102.692,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Does","start":2095.554,"end":2095.699},{"text":"navigation","start":2095.796,"end":2096.426},{"text":"through","start":2096.555,"end":2096.733},{"text":"international","start":2096.797,"end":2097.476},{"text":"waters","start":2097.492,"end":2097.96},{"text":"require","start":2098.816,"end":2099.204},{"text":"the","start":2099.204,"end":2099.365},{"text":"payment","start":2099.365,"end":2099.85},{"text":"of","start":2099.85,"end":2099.979},{"text":"transit","start":2099.995,"end":2100.399},{"text":"fees,","start":2100.415,"end":2100.706},{"text":"as","start":2101.287,"end":2101.352},{"text":"Iran","start":2101.465,"end":2101.755},{"text":"is","start":2101.788,"end":2101.82},{"text":"seeking","start":2101.82,"end":2102.24},{"text":"to","start":2102.353,"end":2102.45},{"text":"do?","start":2102.45,"end":2102.692}]},{"text":"Can your economies withstand the heavy losses they are currently incurring.","start":2105.406,"end":2111.981,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Can","start":2105.406,"end":2105.617},{"text":"your","start":2105.715,"end":2105.893},{"text":"economies","start":2105.893,"end":2106.51},{"text":"withstand","start":2107.759,"end":2108.343},{"text":"the","start":2108.472,"end":2108.57},{"text":"heavy","start":2108.57,"end":2108.943},{"text":"losses","start":2108.975,"end":2109.43},{"text":"they","start":2110.628,"end":2110.71},{"text":"are","start":2110.857,"end":2111.036},{"text":"currently","start":2111.036,"end":2111.492},{"text":"incurring.","start":2111.525,"end":2111.981}]},{"text":"We are fully aware that the economic impact on countries around the world could reach hundreds of billions of dollars and that the world cannot afford further losses.","start":2115.82,"end":2126.878,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2137.607,"end":2137.687},{"text":"conclusion,","start":2137.687,"end":2138.298},{"text":"the","start":2139.374,"end":2139.519},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2139.519,"end":2139.856},{"text":"of","start":2139.856,"end":2139.937},{"text":"Bahrain","start":2139.937,"end":2140.386},{"text":"reaffirms","start":2140.579,"end":2141.19},{"text":"that","start":2142.491,"end":2142.716},{"text":"safeguarding","start":2142.845,"end":2143.6},{"text":"maritime","start":2143.729,"end":2144.307},{"text":"security","start":2144.355,"end":2145.046},{"text":"is","start":2145.625,"end":2145.689},{"text":"a","start":2145.721,"end":2145.85},{"text":"shared","start":2145.85,"end":2146.175},{"text":"and","start":2146.355,"end":2146.501},{"text":"urgent","start":2146.599,"end":2147.007},{"text":"responsibility","start":2147.007,"end":2147.887},{"text":"that","start":2148.898,"end":2149.158},{"text":"must","start":2149.158,"end":2149.403},{"text":"not","start":2149.468,"end":2149.778},{"text":"be","start":2149.778,"end":2149.941},{"text":"overlooked.","start":2150.022,"end":2150.446}]},{"text":"The international community must act collectively to prevent a dangerous downward spiral.— in which threats to maritime corridors become a common occurrence and violations are treated as normal, despite representing a breach of international law.","start":2151.922,"end":2178.7,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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and inaction in the face of such a situation will have grave consequences for international peace and security.","start":2178.84,"end":2187.8,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Complacency","start":2178.84,"end":2179.52},{"text":"and","start":2179.52,"end":2179.94},{"text":"inaction","start":2179.94,"end":2180.54},{"text":"in","start":2180.54,"end":2180.92},{"text":"the","start":2180.92,"end":2181.14},{"text":"face","start":2181.14,"end":2181.42},{"text":"of","start":2181.42,"end":2181.62},{"text":"such","start":2181.62,"end":2181.86},{"text":"a","start":2181.86,"end":2181.98},{"text":"situation","start":2181.98,"end":2182.7},{"text":"will","start":2182.7,"end":2183.2},{"text":"have","start":2183.2,"end":2183.74},{"text":"grave","start":2183.74,"end":2184.34},{"text":"consequences","start":2184.34,"end":2185.22},{"text":"for","start":2185.22,"end":2186.26},{"text":"international","start":2186.26,"end":2186.94},{"text":"peace","start":2186.94,"end":2187.24},{"text":"and","start":2187.24,"end":2187.38},{"text":"security.","start":2187.38,"end":2187.8}]},{"text":"Thank 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floor to His Excellency Mr. Jean-Yoël Barreau, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of 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Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":2210.729,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=2211","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Monsieur le Secrétaire général, Mr. Minister, thank you.","start":2210.729,"end":2215.595,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Monsieur","start":2210.729,"end":2211.132},{"text":"le","start":2211.858,"end":2212.052},{"text":"Secrétaire","start":2212.487,"end":2212.826},{"text":"général,","start":2212.89,"end":2213.197},{"text":"Mr.","start":2213.992,"end":2214.313},{"text":"Minister,","start":2214.778,"end":2215.131},{"text":"thank","start":2215.195,"end":2215.451},{"text":"you.","start":2215.515,"end":2215.595}]},{"text":"Thank you for having taken initiative to convene today's meeting, which addresses a critical matter, the imprescriptible, inviolable right which is protected by the organization, namely maritime security and freedom of 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2266.448,"end":2266.672},{"text":"energy,","start":2266.768,"end":2267.153},{"text":"our","start":2267.345,"end":2267.585},{"text":"foodstuffs,","start":2267.585,"end":2268.867},{"text":"our","start":2269.011,"end":2269.268},{"text":"commodities—","start":2269.268,"end":2270.037},{"text":"the","start":2270.069,"end":2270.229},{"text":"basic","start":2270.229,"end":2270.614},{"text":"commodities.","start":2270.71,"end":2271.399}]},{"text":"International waters are a common heritage of humanity, the use of which is protected under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":2271.832,"end":2279.844,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2333.682,"end":2333.746},{"text":"world","start":2333.842,"end":2334.42},{"text":"would","start":2334.42,"end":2334.677},{"text":"be","start":2334.822,"end":2335.047},{"text":"asphyxiated,","start":2335.127,"end":2336.556},{"text":"subject","start":2336.684,"end":2337.632},{"text":"to","start":2337.632,"end":2337.728},{"text":"lawlessness","start":2337.728,"end":2338.386},{"text":"and","start":2338.499,"end":2338.756},{"text":"the","start":2339.157,"end":2339.398},{"text":"law","start":2339.623,"end":2339.751},{"text":"of","start":2339.976,"end":2340.088},{"text":"the","start":2340.121,"end":2340.201},{"text":"strongest.","start":2340.201,"end":2340.939}]},{"text":"Less prosperous, more dangerous.","start":2341.228,"end":2342.995,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Less","start":2341.228,"end":2341.357},{"text":"prosperous,","start":2341.485,"end":2342.112},{"text":"more","start":2342.128,"end":2342.24},{"text":"dangerous.","start":2342.369,"end":2342.995}]},{"text":"And this is a situation which we reject.","start":2343.636,"end":2346.395,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2343.636,"end":2343.861},{"text":"this","start":2343.957,"end":2344.15},{"text":"is","start":2344.23,"end":2344.342},{"text":"a","start":2344.438,"end":2344.518},{"text":"situation","start":2344.871,"end":2345.545},{"text":"which","start":2345.577,"end":2345.705},{"text":"we","start":2345.801,"end":2345.898},{"text":"reject.","start":2345.898,"end":2346.395}]},{"text":"And the overwhelming majority of us refuse to see impediments to freedom of navigation, undermining of law of the sea.","start":2347.485,"end":2355.183,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2347.485,"end":2347.822},{"text":"the","start":2348.447,"end":2348.528},{"text":"overwhelming","start":2348.608,"end":2349.233},{"text":"majority","start":2350.211,"end":2350.644},{"text":"of","start":2350.644,"end":2350.773},{"text":"us","start":2350.773,"end":2350.981},{"text":"refuse","start":2351.174,"end":2351.719},{"text":"to","start":2351.751,"end":2351.927},{"text":"see","start":2352.312,"end":2352.633},{"text":"impediments","start":2352.793,"end":2353.274},{"text":"to","start":2353.274,"end":2353.355},{"text":"freedom","start":2353.355,"end":2353.579},{"text":"of","start":2353.579,"end":2353.691},{"text":"navigation,","start":2353.691,"end":2354.205},{"text":"undermining","start":2354.221,"end":2354.606},{"text":"of","start":2354.638,"end":2354.702},{"text":"law","start":2354.718,"end":2354.75},{"text":"of","start":2354.782,"end":2354.894},{"text":"the","start":2354.894,"end":2354.974},{"text":"sea.","start":2354.974,"end":2355.183}]},{"text":"How did we arrive at the situation given that?","start":2355.263,"end":2358.246,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"How","start":2355.263,"end":2355.536},{"text":"did","start":2355.68,"end":2355.904},{"text":"we","start":2355.904,"end":2356.097},{"text":"arrive","start":2356.145,"end":2356.402},{"text":"at","start":2356.402,"end":2356.482},{"text":"the","start":2356.482,"end":2356.562},{"text":"situation","start":2356.562,"end":2357.252},{"text":"given","start":2357.685,"end":2357.925},{"text":"that?","start":2357.925,"end":2358.246}]},{"text":"This is the consequence of an accumulation of unilateral, illegal decisions taken by Iran.","start":2359.032,"end":2364.147,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2359.032,"end":2359.368},{"text":"is","start":2359.368,"end":2359.417},{"text":"the","start":2359.433,"end":2359.529},{"text":"consequence","start":2359.529,"end":2360.106},{"text":"of","start":2360.106,"end":2360.186},{"text":"an","start":2360.186,"end":2360.266},{"text":"accumulation","start":2360.315,"end":2360.972},{"text":"of","start":2360.972,"end":2361.181},{"text":"unilateral,","start":2361.213,"end":2361.726},{"text":"illegal","start":2361.918,"end":2362.463},{"text":"decisions","start":2362.656,"end":2363.265},{"text":"taken","start":2363.297,"end":2363.554},{"text":"by","start":2363.602,"end":2363.778},{"text":"Iran.","start":2363.778,"end":2364.147}]},{"text":"This is part of a military escalation whose origins lie in operations launched by the United States and Israel without clearly— set a goal, which are conducted in a manner that flouts international law.","start":2364.661,"end":2378.39,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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will be no lasting solution to this crisis unless the Iranian regime engages in major concessions and a radical change of posture to facilitate the peaceful coexistence of Iran with its regional environment and the Iranian people.","start":2422.304,"end":2437.125,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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be granted opportunity to build their own future.","start":2437.526,"end":2440.911,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":2437.526,"end":2437.719},{"text":"be","start":2438.104,"end":2438.328},{"text":"granted","start":2438.328,"end":2438.665},{"text":"opportunity","start":2438.665,"end":2439.227},{"text":"to","start":2439.307,"end":2439.483},{"text":"build","start":2439.788,"end":2440.029},{"text":"their","start":2440.029,"end":2440.253},{"text":"own","start":2440.253,"end":2440.301},{"text":"future.","start":2440.349,"end":2440.911}]},{"text":"The Security Council cannot and must not turn a blind eye to the blood of the civilians in the region who are the main victims of this situation— the Iranian people who have been trapped in this situation and the resumption of hostilities after the resumption in January, the most— the violent repression in modern-day history.","start":2441.312,"end":2463.703,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2441.312,"end":2441.392},{"text":"Security","start":2441.392,"end":2441.697},{"text":"Council","start":2441.697,"end":2442.098},{"text":"cannot","start":2442.098,"end":2442.515},{"text":"and","start":2442.515,"end":2442.595},{"text":"must","start":2442.659,"end":2442.964},{"text":"not","start":2442.98,"end":2443.333},{"text":"turn","start":2443.557,"end":2443.75},{"text":"a","start":2443.798,"end":2443.814},{"text":"blind","start":2443.878,"end":2444.247},{"text":"eye","start":2444.343,"end":2444.391},{"text":"to","start":2444.584,"end":2444.776},{"text":"the","start":2444.985,"end":2445.177},{"text":"blood","start":2445.883,"end":2446.284},{"text":"of","start":2446.284,"end":2446.38},{"text":"the","start":2446.428,"end":2446.637},{"text":"civilians","start":2446.749,"end":2447.375},{"text":"in","start":2447.407,"end":2447.471},{"text":"the","start":2447.471,"end":2447.535},{"text":"region","start":2447.567,"end":2447.792},{"text":"who","start":2447.808,"end":2447.888},{"text":"are","start":2447.888,"end":2447.968},{"text":"the","start":2447.968,"end":2448.048},{"text":"main","start":2448.048,"end":2448.257},{"text":"victims","start":2448.289,"end":2448.818},{"text":"of","start":2448.931,"end":2449.3},{"text":"this","start":2450.358,"end":2450.486},{"text":"situation—","start":2450.631,"end":2451.224},{"text":"the","start":2451.24,"end":2451.321},{"text":"Iranian","start":2451.321,"end":2451.641},{"text":"people","start":2451.641,"end":2452.09},{"text":"who","start":2452.379,"end":2452.475},{"text":"have","start":2452.475,"end":2452.668},{"text":"been","start":2452.764,"end":2452.989},{"text":"trapped","start":2453.582,"end":2454.079},{"text":"in","start":2454.208,"end":2454.464},{"text":"this","start":2454.689,"end":2454.817},{"text":"situation","start":2454.865,"end":2455.363},{"text":"and","start":2455.411,"end":2455.491},{"text":"the","start":2455.491,"end":2455.571},{"text":"resumption","start":2455.571,"end":2455.988},{"text":"of","start":2455.988,"end":2456.068},{"text":"hostilities","start":2456.068,"end":2456.87},{"text":"after","start":2456.87,"end":2457.047},{"text":"the","start":2457.047,"end":2457.111},{"text":"resumption","start":2457.111,"end":2457.608},{"text":"in","start":2457.608,"end":2457.688},{"text":"January,","start":2457.736,"end":2458.362},{"text":"the","start":2459.02,"end":2459.084},{"text":"most—","start":2459.084,"end":2459.661},{"text":"the","start":2460.575,"end":2460.72},{"text":"violent","start":2460.72,"end":2461.361},{"text":"repression","start":2461.442,"end":2462.212},{"text":"in","start":2462.548,"end":2462.677},{"text":"modern-day","start":2463.062,"end":2463.447},{"text":"history.","start":2463.447,"end":2463.703}]},{"text":"Political prisoners must be released.","start":2463.767,"end":2465.339,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Political","start":2463.767,"end":2464.249},{"text":"prisoners","start":2464.249,"end":2464.618},{"text":"must","start":2464.714,"end":2464.89},{"text":"be","start":2464.89,"end":2465.035},{"text":"released.","start":2465.035,"end":2465.339}]},{"text":"Executions must be brought to an end.","start":2465.772,"end":2467.698,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Executions","start":2465.772,"end":2466.543},{"text":"must","start":2466.559,"end":2466.735},{"text":"be","start":2466.735,"end":2466.815},{"text":"brought","start":2466.815,"end":2467.056},{"text":"to","start":2467.056,"end":2467.184},{"text":"an","start":2467.216,"end":2467.297},{"text":"end.","start":2467.441,"end":2467.698}]},{"text":"Freedom of communication must be 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here.","start":2475.944,"end":2482.955,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2475.944,"end":2476.04},{"text":"has","start":2476.04,"end":2476.249},{"text":"created","start":2476.425,"end":2476.81},{"text":"more","start":2476.859,"end":2477.035},{"text":"problems,","start":2477.083,"end":2477.532},{"text":"namely","start":2477.885,"end":2478.286},{"text":"with","start":2478.687,"end":2478.976},{"text":"the","start":2479.089,"end":2479.329},{"text":"blockage","start":2479.329,"end":2480.115},{"text":"of","start":2480.115,"end":2480.196},{"text":"the","start":2480.212,"end":2480.292},{"text":"Strait","start":2480.292,"end":2480.549},{"text":"of","start":2480.549,"end":2480.741},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":2480.773,"end":2481.062},{"text":"where","start":2481.158,"end":2481.335},{"text":"there","start":2481.335,"end":2481.463},{"text":"are","start":2481.495,"end":2481.639},{"text":"only","start":2481.639,"end":2481.784},{"text":"losers","start":2482.458,"end":2482.827},{"text":"here.","start":2482.843,"end":2482.955}]},{"text":"Of course, coastal states, to whom I wish to reiterate France's solidarity, the most vulnerable states who depend on the basic necessities, commodities, and basic vital humanitarian assistance, which is— was being transported by the immobilized vessels, but also countries like mine, which beyond the seas are being targeted by the— and feeling the shockwaves of the crisis, paying the price for a war we did not choose.","start":2483.003,"end":2507.885,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring 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all of this has lasted for far too long.","start":2508.013,"end":2509.841,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2508.013,"end":2508.078},{"text":"all","start":2508.174,"end":2508.302},{"text":"of","start":2508.35,"end":2508.43},{"text":"this","start":2508.43,"end":2508.574},{"text":"has","start":2508.574,"end":2508.687},{"text":"lasted","start":2508.735,"end":2508.991},{"text":"for","start":2508.991,"end":2509.151},{"text":"far","start":2509.151,"end":2509.344},{"text":"too","start":2509.472,"end":2509.568},{"text":"long.","start":2509.568,"end":2509.841}]},{"text":"This must all be brought to an 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2511.636,"end":2511.732},{"text":"I","start":2511.732,"end":2511.796},{"text":"wish","start":2511.796,"end":2511.892},{"text":"to","start":2511.892,"end":2511.972},{"text":"take","start":2511.972,"end":2512.116},{"text":"this","start":2512.116,"end":2512.261},{"text":"opportunity","start":2512.261,"end":2512.805},{"text":"to","start":2513.238,"end":2513.414},{"text":"think","start":2513.719,"end":2514.104},{"text":"of","start":2514.184,"end":2514.344},{"text":"the","start":2514.44,"end":2514.681},{"text":"crews","start":2514.681,"end":2515.209},{"text":"who","start":2515.306,"end":2515.386},{"text":"have","start":2515.386,"end":2515.53},{"text":"been","start":2515.963,"end":2516.155},{"text":"detained","start":2516.908,"end":2517.485},{"text":"and","start":2517.485,"end":2517.581},{"text":"to","start":2517.581,"end":2517.726},{"text":"think","start":2517.726,"end":2517.886},{"text":"of","start":2517.886,"end":2517.966},{"text":"the","start":2517.966,"end":2518.046},{"text":"critical","start":2518.046,"end":2518.431},{"text":"work","start":2518.447,"end":2518.832},{"text":"carried","start":2519.312,"end":2519.649},{"text":"out","start":2519.649,"end":2519.793},{"text":"by","start":2519.809,"end":2519.921},{"text":"the","start":2519.969,"end":2520.178},{"text":"IMO","start":2520.21,"end":2520.691},{"text":"your","start":2521.317,"end":2521.446},{"text":"work,","start":2521.882,"end":2522.287},{"text":"Mr.","start":2522.772,"end":2522.901},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":2522.95,"end":2523.904},{"text":"in","start":2524.081,"end":2524.13},{"text":"providing","start":2524.162,"end":2524.486},{"text":"for","start":2524.486,"end":2524.631},{"text":"their","start":2524.647,"end":2524.744},{"text":"safety","start":2524.809,"end":2525.068},{"text":"and","start":2525.068,"end":2525.133},{"text":"security","start":2525.133,"end":2525.618},{"text":"and","start":2525.618,"end":2525.747},{"text":"establishing","start":2525.779,"end":2526.232},{"text":"and","start":2526.83,"end":2526.895},{"text":"implementing","start":2526.992,"end":2527.445},{"text":"evacuation","start":2527.461,"end":2527.93},{"text":"plans.","start":2527.962,"end":2528.334}]},{"text":"This is— will be critical to ending the crisis, and we fully support it.","start":2528.835,"end":2532.171,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2533.994,"end":2534.042},{"text":"light","start":2534.155,"end":2534.477},{"text":"of","start":2534.477,"end":2534.574},{"text":"the","start":2534.574,"end":2534.703},{"text":"lawlessness","start":2534.719,"end":2535.46},{"text":"of","start":2535.911,"end":2535.975},{"text":"this","start":2536.008,"end":2536.136},{"text":"blockade","start":2536.41,"end":2537.135},{"text":"of","start":2537.135,"end":2537.248},{"text":"the","start":2537.28,"end":2537.377},{"text":"Strait,","start":2538.198,"end":2538.456},{"text":"what","start":2538.504,"end":2538.585},{"text":"can","start":2538.585,"end":2538.73},{"text":"be","start":2538.73,"end":2538.811},{"text":"done?","start":2538.811,"end":2538.956}]},{"text":"Inaction is not an option, and I applaud the adoption of Resolution 2817 and the steps undertaken since then by Bahrain at the Security Council in order to arrive at the reopening of the Strait.","start":2539.068,"end":2551.699,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":2579.519,"end":2579.632},{"text":"than","start":2579.68,"end":2579.824},{"text":"50","start":2579.824,"end":2580.209},{"text":"Countries","start":2580.466,"end":2580.851},{"text":"from","start":2580.947,"end":2581.188},{"text":"Europe,","start":2581.268,"end":2581.525},{"text":"the","start":2581.541,"end":2581.621},{"text":"Middle","start":2581.621,"end":2581.91},{"text":"East,","start":2581.91,"end":2582.103},{"text":"and","start":2582.167,"end":2582.295},{"text":"Asia—","start":2582.391,"end":2582.648},{"text":"non-belligerents—","start":2582.648,"end":2583.611},{"text":"have","start":2583.932,"end":2584.14},{"text":"heeded","start":2584.236,"end":2584.589},{"text":"this","start":2584.589,"end":2584.846},{"text":"call.","start":2584.878,"end":2585.167}]},{"text":"Together, they have put forward 3 demands: the immediate, full, unconditional reopening of the Strait of Hormuz by all the parties; the restoration of conditions for free passage which were in place prior to the war; full respect for the law of the sea; and the absence of any restrictions, any regime of conventions that would be tantamount to an attempt to privatize the Strait.","start":2585.536,"end":2608.817,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2609.122,"end":2609.186},{"text":"clearly","start":2609.282,"end":2609.731},{"text":"any","start":2609.988,"end":2610.165},{"text":"toll","start":2610.325,"end":2610.598},{"text":"system.","start":2610.646,"end":2611.16}]},{"text":"Oceans are a space for freedom, but not a space for lawlessness.","start":2612.315,"end":2616.921,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Oceans","start":2612.315,"end":2612.748},{"text":"are","start":2612.748,"end":2612.829},{"text":"a","start":2612.829,"end":2612.893},{"text":"space","start":2612.893,"end":2613.294},{"text":"for","start":2613.294,"end":2613.455},{"text":"freedom,","start":2613.455,"end":2614.177},{"text":"but","start":2614.578,"end":2615.059},{"text":"not","start":2615.124,"end":2615.541},{"text":"a","start":2615.605,"end":2615.701},{"text":"space","start":2615.701,"end":2616.102},{"text":"for","start":2616.102,"end":2616.231},{"text":"lawlessness.","start":2616.327,"end":2616.921}]},{"text":"And it is our shared responsibility to set the rules and to see to it that they are enforced.","start":2617.13,"end":2623.308,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2617.13,"end":2617.306},{"text":"it","start":2617.771,"end":2617.964},{"text":"is","start":2618.028,"end":2618.076},{"text":"our","start":2618.333,"end":2618.526},{"text":"shared","start":2618.526,"end":2618.847},{"text":"responsibility","start":2618.847,"end":2619.761},{"text":"to","start":2619.794,"end":2620.853},{"text":"set","start":2620.853,"end":2621.222},{"text":"the","start":2621.222,"end":2621.302},{"text":"rules","start":2621.382,"end":2621.607},{"text":"and","start":2621.639,"end":2621.783},{"text":"to","start":2621.783,"end":2621.896},{"text":"see","start":2622.217,"end":2622.602},{"text":"to","start":2622.602,"end":2622.698},{"text":"it","start":2622.698,"end":2622.762},{"text":"that","start":2622.762,"end":2622.907},{"text":"they","start":2622.907,"end":2623.003},{"text":"are","start":2623.003,"end":2623.083},{"text":"enforced.","start":2623.083,"end":2623.308}]},{"text":"This is what we did in Nice last summer by hosting the third United Nations Conference on the Oceans with the entry into force of the treaty on the high seas.","start":2623.404,"end":2632.6,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2623.404,"end":2623.501},{"text":"is","start":2623.501,"end":2623.629},{"text":"what","start":2623.629,"end":2623.725},{"text":"we","start":2623.725,"end":2623.822},{"text":"did","start":2623.822,"end":2623.982},{"text":"in","start":2623.982,"end":2624.03},{"text":"Nice","start":2624.062,"end":2624.255},{"text":"last","start":2624.512,"end":2624.768},{"text":"summer","start":2624.768,"end":2625.186},{"text":"by","start":2625.475,"end":2625.571},{"text":"hosting","start":2625.571,"end":2625.94},{"text":"the","start":2625.956,"end":2626.052},{"text":"third","start":2626.052,"end":2626.662},{"text":"United","start":2626.758,"end":2627.079},{"text":"Nations","start":2627.079,"end":2627.384},{"text":"Conference","start":2627.416,"end":2627.962},{"text":"on","start":2628.042,"end":2628.331},{"text":"the","start":2628.764,"end":2628.973},{"text":"Oceans","start":2629.101,"end":2629.422},{"text":"with","start":2629.422,"end":2629.535},{"text":"the","start":2629.567,"end":2629.647},{"text":"entry","start":2629.663,"end":2629.888},{"text":"into","start":2629.888,"end":2630.016},{"text":"force","start":2630.064,"end":2630.337},{"text":"of","start":2630.449,"end":2630.61},{"text":"the","start":2630.61,"end":2630.802},{"text":"treaty","start":2631.027,"end":2631.396},{"text":"on","start":2631.813,"end":2631.958},{"text":"the","start":2631.974,"end":2632.038},{"text":"high","start":2632.054,"end":2632.183},{"text":"seas.","start":2632.231,"end":2632.6}]},{"text":"The international community demonstrated that it can reach agreement to protect a common a good common heritage, and this success should be an inspiration for us.","start":2632.712,"end":2642.598,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2632.712,"end":2632.792},{"text":"international","start":2632.792,"end":2633.386},{"text":"community","start":2633.675,"end":2634.205},{"text":"demonstrated","start":2634.558,"end":2635.248},{"text":"that","start":2635.264,"end":2635.424},{"text":"it","start":2635.424,"end":2635.761},{"text":"can","start":2635.761,"end":2636.018},{"text":"reach","start":2636.146,"end":2636.371},{"text":"agreement","start":2636.499,"end":2636.965},{"text":"to","start":2636.965,"end":2637.061},{"text":"protect","start":2637.109,"end":2637.478},{"text":"a","start":2638.489,"end":2638.634},{"text":"common","start":2638.634,"end":2639.019},{"text":"a","start":2639.18,"end":2639.196},{"text":"good","start":2639.196,"end":2639.581},{"text":"common","start":2639.693,"end":2639.934},{"text":"heritage,","start":2639.934,"end":2640.335},{"text":"and","start":2640.351,"end":2640.48},{"text":"this","start":2640.48,"end":2640.544},{"text":"success","start":2640.592,"end":2641.09},{"text":"should","start":2641.122,"end":2641.266},{"text":"be","start":2641.362,"end":2641.523},{"text":"an","start":2641.78,"end":2641.94},{"text":"inspiration","start":2641.94,"end":2642.422},{"text":"for","start":2642.486,"end":2642.55},{"text":"us.","start":2642.566,"end":2642.598}]},{"text":"We are not condemned to see the breakdown of international law, the breakdown of IHL, or breakdown of law of the sea.","start":2642.663,"end":2649.548,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2642.663,"end":2642.759},{"text":"are","start":2642.759,"end":2642.839},{"text":"not","start":2642.839,"end":2642.984},{"text":"condemned","start":2642.984,"end":2643.642},{"text":"to","start":2644.027,"end":2644.235},{"text":"see","start":2644.524,"end":2644.845},{"text":"the","start":2644.845,"end":2644.926},{"text":"breakdown","start":2644.926,"end":2645.263},{"text":"of","start":2645.311,"end":2645.391},{"text":"international","start":2645.391,"end":2645.953},{"text":"law,","start":2645.953,"end":2646.049},{"text":"the","start":2646.579,"end":2646.627},{"text":"breakdown","start":2646.675,"end":2647.06},{"text":"of","start":2647.06,"end":2647.109},{"text":"IHL,","start":2647.237,"end":2647.943},{"text":"or","start":2648.04,"end":2648.088},{"text":"breakdown","start":2648.12,"end":2648.457},{"text":"of","start":2648.457,"end":2648.569},{"text":"law","start":2649.083,"end":2649.115},{"text":"of","start":2649.147,"end":2649.243},{"text":"the","start":2649.243,"end":2649.324},{"text":"sea.","start":2649.324,"end":2649.548}]},{"text":"Let us resist a resignation or discouragement which looms above us.","start":2649.629,"end":2654.62,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2649.629,"end":2649.741},{"text":"us","start":2649.741,"end":2649.885},{"text":"resist","start":2649.885,"end":2650.688},{"text":"a","start":2651.234,"end":2651.25},{"text":"resignation","start":2651.731,"end":2652.518},{"text":"or","start":2652.518,"end":2652.566},{"text":"discouragement","start":2652.678,"end":2653.497},{"text":"which","start":2653.497,"end":2653.625},{"text":"looms","start":2653.802,"end":2654.107},{"text":"above","start":2654.155,"end":2654.46},{"text":"us.","start":2654.46,"end":2654.62}]},{"text":"Let us rise up to say no when peace and security— international peace and security are at stake.","start":2654.941,"end":2660.559,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2654.941,"end":2655.102},{"text":"us","start":2655.102,"end":2655.294},{"text":"rise","start":2655.407,"end":2655.599},{"text":"up","start":2655.648,"end":2655.744},{"text":"to","start":2655.744,"end":2655.84},{"text":"say","start":2655.84,"end":2656.498},{"text":"no","start":2656.691,"end":2656.835},{"text":"when","start":2657.028,"end":2657.14},{"text":"peace","start":2657.253,"end":2657.429},{"text":"and","start":2657.429,"end":2657.509},{"text":"security—","start":2657.509,"end":2658.039},{"text":"international","start":2658.794,"end":2659.131},{"text":"peace","start":2659.131,"end":2659.243},{"text":"and","start":2659.291,"end":2659.355},{"text":"security","start":2659.355,"end":2659.805},{"text":"are","start":2659.981,"end":2660.078},{"text":"at","start":2660.078,"end":2660.222},{"text":"stake.","start":2660.222,"end":2660.559}]},{"text":"This is the purpose of the council.","start":2660.639,"end":2661.795,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2660.639,"end":2660.752},{"text":"is","start":2660.816,"end":2660.88},{"text":"the","start":2660.88,"end":2660.96},{"text":"purpose","start":2660.96,"end":2661.217},{"text":"of","start":2661.217,"end":2661.281},{"text":"the","start":2661.281,"end":2661.362},{"text":"council.","start":2661.362,"end":2661.795}]},{"text":"Let us be worthy of the trust placed in us by people throughout the world, and let us rise to this moment.","start":2662.164,"end":2670.045,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2662.164,"end":2662.389},{"text":"us","start":2662.389,"end":2662.582},{"text":"be","start":2663.127,"end":2663.32},{"text":"worthy","start":2663.368,"end":2663.657},{"text":"of","start":2663.689,"end":2663.753},{"text":"the","start":2663.753,"end":2663.85},{"text":"trust","start":2663.85,"end":2664.347},{"text":"placed","start":2664.797,"end":2665.599},{"text":"in","start":2665.599,"end":2665.792},{"text":"us","start":2665.792,"end":2666.257},{"text":"by","start":2666.337,"end":2666.498},{"text":"people","start":2666.498,"end":2667.365},{"text":"throughout","start":2667.381,"end":2668.039},{"text":"the","start":2668.039,"end":2668.151},{"text":"world,","start":2668.167,"end":2668.392},{"text":"and","start":2668.408,"end":2668.504},{"text":"let","start":2668.504,"end":2668.649},{"text":"us","start":2668.649,"end":2668.697},{"text":"rise","start":2668.889,"end":2669.194},{"text":"to","start":2669.307,"end":2669.467},{"text":"this","start":2669.467,"end":2669.58},{"text":"moment.","start":2669.692,"end":2670.045}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Jean-Yoël Barrot","affiliation":"FRA","affiliation_full":"France","group":null,"function":"Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":2670.109,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=2671","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2670.109,"end":2670.591,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2670.109,"end":2670.414},{"text":"you.","start":2670.414,"end":2670.591}]},{"text":"I thank His Excellency Mr. Barroso for his statement.","start":2670.979,"end":2675.066,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2670.979,"end":2671.027},{"text":"thank","start":2671.076,"end":2671.386},{"text":"His","start":2671.386,"end":2671.532},{"text":"Excellency","start":2671.581,"end":2672.184},{"text":"Mr.","start":2672.379,"end":2672.64},{"text":"Barroso","start":2672.689,"end":2673.487},{"text":"for","start":2673.991,"end":2674.154},{"text":"his","start":2674.154,"end":2674.382},{"text":"statement.","start":2674.562,"end":2675.066}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Carlos Arturo Hoyos, Vice President for Foreign Affairs of Panama.","start":2678.22,"end":2687.961,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2678.22,"end":2678.252},{"text":"now","start":2678.252,"end":2678.333},{"text":"give","start":2678.414,"end":2678.592},{"text":"the","start":2678.64,"end":2678.721},{"text":"floor","start":2678.721,"end":2679.158},{"text":"to","start":2679.304,"end":2679.369},{"text":"His","start":2679.369,"end":2679.514},{"text":"Excellency","start":2679.563,"end":2680.162},{"text":"Mr.","start":2680.599,"end":2680.825},{"text":"Carlos","start":2680.906,"end":2681.295},{"text":"Arturo","start":2682.541,"end":2682.945},{"text":"Hoyos,","start":2683.188,"end":2683.722},{"text":"Vice","start":2685.1,"end":2685.148},{"text":"President","start":2685.197,"end":2685.782},{"text":"for","start":2686.108,"end":2686.335},{"text":"Foreign","start":2686.335,"end":2686.726},{"text":"Affairs","start":2686.774,"end":2687.213},{"text":"of","start":2687.392,"end":2687.539},{"text":"Panama.","start":2687.636,"end":2687.961}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":2693.22,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=2694","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Señor Presidente. Mr. President, Panama thanks the presidency of Bahrain for organizing this important open debate to address a matter of the utmost relevance to international peace and security, a matter with which our country fully 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are grateful for the valuable statements made by the Secretary-General, Mr. Antonio Guterres, the Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization, Mr. Antonio Dominguez, and by the Senior Fellow Naval Forces and Maritime Security at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Mr. Nick 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we welcome here those countries who honor us with their participation today.","start":2730.65,"end":2736.06,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":2730.65,"end":2730.812},{"text":"we","start":2731.09,"end":2731.367},{"text":"welcome","start":2732.051,"end":2732.377},{"text":"here","start":2732.459,"end":2732.736},{"text":"those","start":2732.882,"end":2733.094},{"text":"countries","start":2733.127,"end":2733.583},{"text":"who","start":2733.697,"end":2733.909},{"text":"honor","start":2734.088,"end":2734.219},{"text":"us","start":2734.251,"end":2734.708},{"text":"with","start":2734.756,"end":2734.985},{"text":"their","start":2734.985,"end":2735.148},{"text":"participation","start":2735.148,"end":2735.702},{"text":"today.","start":2735.816,"end":2736.06}]},{"text":"Further, we recognize continued efforts spearheaded by Greece and Panama last year at their respective signature events focused on maritime security.","start":2737.47,"end":2748.703,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Further,","start":2737.47,"end":2737.809},{"text":"we","start":2738.068,"end":2738.327},{"text":"recognize","start":2738.392,"end":2738.926},{"text":"continued","start":2739.104,"end":2739.896},{"text":"efforts","start":2740.155,"end":2740.738},{"text":"spearheaded","start":2741.158,"end":2741.838},{"text":"by","start":2741.87,"end":2742.113},{"text":"Greece","start":2742.113,"end":2742.388},{"text":"and","start":2742.582,"end":2742.679},{"text":"Panama","start":2742.679,"end":2743.035},{"text":"last","start":2743.391,"end":2743.909},{"text":"year","start":2743.973,"end":2744.313},{"text":"at","start":2744.928,"end":2744.976},{"text":"their","start":2745.09,"end":2745.348},{"text":"respective","start":2745.348,"end":2746.012},{"text":"signature","start":2746.012,"end":2746.53},{"text":"events","start":2746.562,"end":2746.98},{"text":"focused","start":2747.19,"end":2747.592},{"text":"on","start":2747.592,"end":2747.689},{"text":"maritime","start":2747.689,"end":2748.091},{"text":"security.","start":2748.091,"end":2748.703}]},{"text":"The last few years have dramatically revealed the increasing fragility of maritime navigation in all regions of the world.","start":2749.299,"end":2756.64,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2749.299,"end":2749.444},{"text":"last","start":2749.444,"end":2749.653},{"text":"few","start":2749.669,"end":2749.878},{"text":"years","start":2749.927,"end":2750.233},{"text":"have","start":2750.329,"end":2750.716},{"text":"dramatically","start":2750.844,"end":2751.44},{"text":"revealed","start":2751.537,"end":2752.181},{"text":"the","start":2752.181,"end":2752.277},{"text":"increasing","start":2752.277,"end":2752.857},{"text":"fragility","start":2752.986,"end":2753.614},{"text":"of","start":2753.887,"end":2754.016},{"text":"maritime","start":2754.048,"end":2754.676},{"text":"navigation","start":2754.692,"end":2755.304},{"text":"in","start":2755.497,"end":2755.626},{"text":"all","start":2755.723,"end":2755.771},{"text":"regions","start":2755.884,"end":2756.226},{"text":"of","start":2756.226,"end":2756.334},{"text":"the","start":2756.334,"end":2756.46},{"text":"world.","start":2756.478,"end":2756.64}]},{"text":"In this increasingly complex environment, piracy and armed robbery at sea, cyberattacks on navigation systems, maritime ports and logistics, as well as illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, drug smuggling, and human trafficking all represent persistent threats that continue to affect maritime activity and seafarers, imperiling their security, safety, their working conditions, and in many cases, their lives.","start":2757.574,"end":2787.922,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2757.574,"end":2757.622},{"text":"this","start":2757.718,"end":2757.782},{"text":"increasingly","start":2757.975,"end":2758.905},{"text":"complex","start":2758.938,"end":2759.772},{"text":"environment,","start":2759.981,"end":2760.767},{"text":"piracy","start":2760.783,"end":2761.393},{"text":"and","start":2761.65,"end":2761.81},{"text":"armed","start":2761.89,"end":2762.067},{"text":"robbery","start":2762.067,"end":2762.757},{"text":"at","start":2762.789,"end":2762.837},{"text":"sea,","start":2762.885,"end":2763.206},{"text":"cyberattacks","start":2763.607,"end":2764.538},{"text":"on","start":2764.618,"end":2764.667},{"text":"navigation","start":2764.715,"end":2765.309},{"text":"systems,","start":2765.357,"end":2765.966},{"text":"maritime","start":2766.576,"end":2767.106},{"text":"ports","start":2767.106,"end":2767.523},{"text":"and","start":2767.523,"end":2767.635},{"text":"logistics,","start":2767.684,"end":2768.342},{"text":"as","start":2768.47,"end":2768.534},{"text":"well","start":2768.566,"end":2768.743},{"text":"as","start":2768.791,"end":2768.855},{"text":"illegal,","start":2768.983,"end":2769.433},{"text":"unreported,","start":2769.609,"end":2770.38},{"text":"and","start":2770.476,"end":2770.556},{"text":"unregulated","start":2770.652,"end":2771.423},{"text":"fishing,","start":2771.519,"end":2771.824},{"text":"drug","start":2772.482,"end":2772.739},{"text":"smuggling,","start":2772.739,"end":2773.332},{"text":"and","start":2773.926,"end":2774.071},{"text":"human","start":2774.247,"end":2774.568},{"text":"trafficking","start":2774.568,"end":2775.033},{"text":"all","start":2775.707,"end":2775.82},{"text":"represent","start":2776.012,"end":2776.59},{"text":"persistent","start":2776.59,"end":2777.617},{"text":"threats","start":2777.617,"end":2778.034},{"text":"that","start":2778.034,"end":2778.195},{"text":"continue","start":2778.195,"end":2778.933},{"text":"to","start":2778.997,"end":2779.254},{"text":"affect","start":2779.334,"end":2779.735},{"text":"maritime","start":2779.784,"end":2780.265},{"text":"activity","start":2780.265,"end":2780.811},{"text":"and","start":2781.148,"end":2781.212},{"text":"seafarers,","start":2781.26,"end":2782.094},{"text":"imperiling","start":2782.512,"end":2783.057},{"text":"their","start":2783.266,"end":2783.651},{"text":"security,","start":2783.78,"end":2784.261},{"text":"safety,","start":2784.711,"end":2785.144},{"text":"their","start":2785.257,"end":2785.417},{"text":"working","start":2785.417,"end":2785.706},{"text":"conditions,","start":2785.738,"end":2786.348},{"text":"and","start":2786.525,"end":2786.637},{"text":"in","start":2786.637,"end":2786.701},{"text":"many","start":2786.701,"end":2786.942},{"text":"cases,","start":2786.942,"end":2787.328},{"text":"their","start":2787.344,"end":2787.488},{"text":"lives.","start":2787.488,"end":2787.922}]},{"text":"This reality is worsened by a worrisome trend to obstruct the use of critical maritime routes in the context of various conflicts.","start":2789.19,"end":2798.181,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2789.19,"end":2789.318},{"text":"reality","start":2789.575,"end":2790.041},{"text":"is","start":2790.153,"end":2790.201},{"text":"worsened","start":2790.298,"end":2790.844},{"text":"by","start":2790.876,"end":2790.972},{"text":"a","start":2791.502,"end":2791.55},{"text":"worrisome","start":2791.919,"end":2792.449},{"text":"trend","start":2792.545,"end":2792.851},{"text":"to","start":2792.979,"end":2793.091},{"text":"obstruct","start":2793.123,"end":2793.83},{"text":"the","start":2793.83,"end":2794.023},{"text":"use","start":2794.312,"end":2794.52},{"text":"of","start":2794.729,"end":2794.793},{"text":"critical","start":2794.809,"end":2795.275},{"text":"maritime","start":2795.275,"end":2795.756},{"text":"routes","start":2795.917,"end":2796.142},{"text":"in","start":2796.334,"end":2796.415},{"text":"the","start":2796.415,"end":2796.495},{"text":"context","start":2796.495,"end":2797.073},{"text":"of","start":2797.073,"end":2797.121},{"text":"various","start":2797.201,"end":2797.603},{"text":"conflicts.","start":2797.603,"end":2798.181}]},{"text":"Consequently, uncertainty in international trade has increased, affecting the predictability and security of global supply chains that to a large extent depend on maritime stability.","start":2799.224,"end":2812.839,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":2842.122,"end":2842.525},{"text":"security","start":2842.622,"end":2843.155},{"text":"should","start":2843.268,"end":2843.639},{"text":"be","start":2843.672,"end":2843.865},{"text":"understood","start":2844.059,"end":2844.689},{"text":"as","start":2844.866,"end":2845.093},{"text":"a","start":2845.27,"end":2845.432},{"text":"global","start":2845.432,"end":2845.787},{"text":"public","start":2845.787,"end":2846.191},{"text":"good,","start":2846.336,"end":2846.53},{"text":"the","start":2847.062,"end":2847.143},{"text":"preservation","start":2847.143,"end":2847.724},{"text":"of","start":2847.724,"end":2847.805},{"text":"which","start":2847.87,"end":2847.999},{"text":"demands","start":2848.096,"end":2848.483},{"text":"collective","start":2848.677,"end":2849.162},{"text":"responsibility.","start":2849.162,"end":2850.017}]},{"text":"We reiterate our steadfast, unwavering position: no critical maritime route should ever be threatened or used as an instrument for pressure or coercion.","start":2850.61,"end":2861.13,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":2877.559,"end":2878.042},{"text":"it","start":2878.058,"end":2878.123},{"text":"is","start":2878.123,"end":2878.219},{"text":"essential","start":2878.219,"end":2878.654},{"text":"to","start":2878.847,"end":2879.04},{"text":"strengthen","start":2879.04,"end":2879.636},{"text":"respect","start":2879.749,"end":2880.215},{"text":"for","start":2880.215,"end":2880.312},{"text":"international","start":2880.312,"end":2880.875},{"text":"law,","start":2880.875,"end":2881.069},{"text":"in","start":2882.646,"end":2882.743},{"text":"particular","start":2882.807,"end":2883.306},{"text":"the","start":2883.306,"end":2883.515},{"text":"UN","start":2883.757,"end":2883.95},{"text":"Convention","start":2884.014,"end":2884.546},{"text":"on","start":2884.723,"end":2884.787},{"text":"the","start":2884.819,"end":2884.9},{"text":"Law","start":2884.9,"end":2885.012},{"text":"of","start":2885.061,"end":2885.19},{"text":"the","start":2885.19,"end":2885.222},{"text":"Sea,","start":2885.222,"end":2885.543},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":2885.785,"end":2886.235},{"text":"including","start":2886.492,"end":2887.039},{"text":"freedom","start":2887.296,"end":2887.489},{"text":"of","start":2887.489,"end":2887.602},{"text":"navigation","start":2887.618,"end":2888.245},{"text":"and","start":2888.824,"end":2889.13},{"text":"the","start":2889.162,"end":2889.242},{"text":"right","start":2889.242,"end":2889.499},{"text":"of","start":2889.499,"end":2889.612},{"text":"safe","start":2889.644,"end":2889.966},{"text":"transit","start":2889.966,"end":2891.059},{"text":"passage","start":2891.156,"end":2891.622},{"text":"through","start":2891.654,"end":2891.944},{"text":"critical","start":2891.96,"end":2892.282},{"text":"maritime","start":2892.282,"end":2892.716},{"text":"routes.","start":2892.78,"end":2892.989}]},{"text":"In addition, it is essential that technical, regulatory, or control-related measures used in the maritime domain be governed by objective, transparent, and non-discriminatory criteria in strict conformity with international law, and that such measures not be unfair or unfounded political reprisals.","start":2893.979,"end":2914.617,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2893.979,"end":2894.06},{"text":"addition,","start":2894.108,"end":2894.493},{"text":"it","start":2894.861,"end":2895.006},{"text":"is","start":2895.006,"end":2895.134},{"text":"essential","start":2895.262,"end":2895.759},{"text":"that","start":2895.807,"end":2896.016},{"text":"technical,","start":2896.048,"end":2896.593},{"text":"regulatory,","start":2896.673,"end":2897.299},{"text":"or","start":2897.555,"end":2897.828},{"text":"control-related","start":2897.892,"end":2899.063},{"text":"measures","start":2899.095,"end":2899.464},{"text":"used","start":2899.56,"end":2899.913},{"text":"in","start":2899.913,"end":2899.977},{"text":"the","start":2899.977,"end":2900.057},{"text":"maritime","start":2900.057,"end":2900.506},{"text":"domain","start":2900.602,"end":2900.907},{"text":"be","start":2901.42,"end":2901.66},{"text":"governed","start":2901.725,"end":2902.27},{"text":"by","start":2902.302,"end":2902.398},{"text":"objective,","start":2902.623,"end":2903.168},{"text":"transparent,","start":2903.184,"end":2903.825},{"text":"and","start":2903.906,"end":2904.274},{"text":"non-discriminatory","start":2904.483,"end":2905.349},{"text":"criteria","start":2905.413,"end":2906.102},{"text":"in","start":2907.113,"end":2907.161},{"text":"strict","start":2907.257,"end":2907.546},{"text":"conformity","start":2907.594,"end":2908.203},{"text":"with","start":2908.219,"end":2908.315},{"text":"international","start":2908.315,"end":2909.133},{"text":"law,","start":2909.261,"end":2909.39},{"text":"and","start":2909.823,"end":2910.127},{"text":"that","start":2910.143,"end":2910.256},{"text":"such","start":2910.256,"end":2910.448},{"text":"measures","start":2910.56,"end":2911.009},{"text":"not","start":2911.122,"end":2911.25},{"text":"be","start":2911.346,"end":2911.506},{"text":"unfair","start":2911.522,"end":2912.1},{"text":"or","start":2912.148,"end":2912.308},{"text":"unfounded","start":2912.308,"end":2913.174},{"text":"political","start":2913.351,"end":2913.816},{"text":"reprisals.","start":2913.992,"end":2914.617}]},{"text":"This includes respect for the sovereign decisions taken in relation to the management of strategic infrastructure, ports, and logistical and commercial activities.","start":2915.13,"end":2924.108,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2915.13,"end":2915.291},{"text":"includes","start":2915.291,"end":2916.061},{"text":"respect","start":2916.173,"end":2916.654},{"text":"for","start":2916.654,"end":2916.878},{"text":"the","start":2916.878,"end":2916.991},{"text":"sovereign","start":2916.991,"end":2917.456},{"text":"decisions","start":2917.456,"end":2917.985},{"text":"taken","start":2918.017,"end":2918.45},{"text":"in","start":2918.562,"end":2918.626},{"text":"relation","start":2918.658,"end":2919.027},{"text":"to","start":2919.139,"end":2919.396},{"text":"the","start":2919.444,"end":2919.556},{"text":"management","start":2919.556,"end":2919.957},{"text":"of","start":2919.957,"end":2921.946},{"text":"strategic","start":2920.07,"end":2920.57},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":2920.586,"end":2921.362},{"text":"ports,","start":2921.717,"end":2922.218},{"text":"and","start":2922.347,"end":2922.476},{"text":"logistical","start":2922.525,"end":2923.01},{"text":"and","start":2923.01,"end":2923.09},{"text":"commercial","start":2923.09,"end":2923.494},{"text":"activities.","start":2923.494,"end":2924.108}]},{"text":"In this context, Panama observes with concern certain recent trends involving intensified inspections of vessels in a certain jurisdiction, including the significant increase of interdictions of ships flying the Panamanian flag.","start":2926.01,"end":2943.086,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2926.01,"end":2926.106},{"text":"this","start":2926.106,"end":2926.267},{"text":"context,","start":2926.267,"end":2926.765},{"text":"Panama","start":2926.845,"end":2927.182},{"text":"observes","start":2927.407,"end":2927.777},{"text":"with","start":2927.873,"end":2928.082},{"text":"concern","start":2928.13,"end":2928.901},{"text":"certain","start":2929.014,"end":2929.383},{"text":"recent","start":2929.496,"end":2929.913},{"text":"trends","start":2929.978,"end":2930.669},{"text":"involving","start":2930.861,"end":2931.552},{"text":"intensified","start":2932.211,"end":2933.078},{"text":"inspections","start":2933.11,"end":2934.042},{"text":"of","start":2934.299,"end":2934.685},{"text":"vessels","start":2935.022,"end":2935.569},{"text":"in","start":2935.745,"end":2935.793},{"text":"a","start":2935.826,"end":2935.842},{"text":"certain","start":2935.842,"end":2936.309},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2936.309,"end":2937.178},{"text":"including","start":2937.21,"end":2937.902},{"text":"the","start":2937.935,"end":2938.079},{"text":"significant","start":2938.096,"end":2938.804},{"text":"increase","start":2938.884,"end":2939.271},{"text":"of","start":2939.528,"end":2939.593},{"text":"interdictions","start":2939.883,"end":2940.72},{"text":"of","start":2940.816,"end":2940.897},{"text":"ships","start":2940.913,"end":2941.299},{"text":"flying","start":2941.621,"end":2941.879},{"text":"the","start":2941.879,"end":2941.959},{"text":"Panamanian","start":2941.959,"end":2942.571},{"text":"flag.","start":2942.587,"end":2943.086}]},{"text":"We concur with the Secretary General.","start":2943.875,"end":2946.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2943.875,"end":2944.084},{"text":"concur","start":2945.163,"end":2945.485},{"text":"with","start":2945.485,"end":2945.55},{"text":"the","start":2945.55,"end":2945.6},{"text":"Secretary","start":2945.6,"end":2945.9},{"text":"General.","start":2945.9,"end":2946.35}]},{"text":"We believe indeed, that these should not— vessels should not be the subject of political pressure.","start":2946.5,"end":2952.242,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2946.5,"end":2946.733},{"text":"believe","start":2946.733,"end":2947.05},{"text":"indeed,","start":2947.432,"end":2947.801},{"text":"that","start":2947.977,"end":2948.105},{"text":"these","start":2948.49,"end":2948.603},{"text":"should","start":2948.635,"end":2948.939},{"text":"not—","start":2948.939,"end":2949.228},{"text":"vessels","start":2949.356,"end":2949.597},{"text":"should","start":2949.597,"end":2949.741},{"text":"not","start":2949.741,"end":2949.869},{"text":"be","start":2949.917,"end":2950.013},{"text":"the","start":2950.013,"end":2950.078},{"text":"subject","start":2950.078,"end":2950.414},{"text":"of","start":2950.414,"end":2950.527},{"text":"political","start":2950.559,"end":2951.232},{"text":"pressure.","start":2951.921,"end":2952.242}]},{"text":"Any diversion from these principles introduces uncertainty, undermines confidence, and generates additional risks to stability for global supply chains.","start":2953.108,"end":2962.6,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":2953.108,"end":2953.252},{"text":"diversion","start":2953.364,"end":2953.894},{"text":"from","start":2953.99,"end":2954.086},{"text":"these","start":2954.102,"end":2954.294},{"text":"principles","start":2954.326,"end":2954.936},{"text":"introduces","start":2955.288,"end":2955.769},{"text":"uncertainty,","start":2955.769,"end":2956.475},{"text":"undermines","start":2956.555,"end":2957.02},{"text":"confidence,","start":2957.132,"end":2957.693},{"text":"and","start":2957.838,"end":2958.094},{"text":"generates","start":2958.094,"end":2958.623},{"text":"additional","start":2958.816,"end":2959.281},{"text":"risks","start":2959.377,"end":2959.73},{"text":"to","start":2959.842,"end":2960.114},{"text":"stability","start":2960.403,"end":2961.028},{"text":"for","start":2961.076,"end":2961.333},{"text":"global","start":2961.525,"end":2961.846},{"text":"supply","start":2961.846,"end":2962.135},{"text":"chains.","start":2962.247,"end":2962.6}]},{"text":"We reiterate our support for the International Maritime Organization and its Director General, Arsenio Dominguez, and we acknowledge his work.","start":2963.145,"end":2971.803,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2963.145,"end":2963.273},{"text":"reiterate","start":2963.305,"end":2963.882},{"text":"our","start":2963.882,"end":2964.027},{"text":"support","start":2964.027,"end":2964.572},{"text":"for","start":2964.572,"end":2964.668},{"text":"the","start":2964.668,"end":2964.924},{"text":"International","start":2964.989,"end":2965.662},{"text":"Maritime","start":2965.79,"end":2966.271},{"text":"Organization","start":2966.271,"end":2966.881},{"text":"and","start":2967.137,"end":2967.394},{"text":"its","start":2967.474,"end":2967.602},{"text":"Director","start":2967.698,"end":2968.243},{"text":"General,","start":2968.259,"end":2968.708},{"text":"Arsenio","start":2968.821,"end":2969.334},{"text":"Dominguez,","start":2969.398,"end":2969.847},{"text":"and","start":2970.504,"end":2970.761},{"text":"we","start":2970.761,"end":2970.857},{"text":"acknowledge","start":2970.857,"end":2971.242},{"text":"his","start":2971.242,"end":2971.37},{"text":"work.","start":2971.482,"end":2971.803}]},{"text":"We also reiterate our support for the decisions taken to address the impacts of the situation in the Strait of Hormuz on maritime transport and the well-being of seafarers in the context of its essential work to promote maritime security, protect the marine environment, and advance sustainable maritime transport.","start":2972.364,"end":2990.779,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2972.364,"end":2972.524},{"text":"also","start":2972.524,"end":2972.765},{"text":"reiterate","start":2972.765,"end":2973.182},{"text":"our","start":2973.182,"end":2973.262},{"text":"support","start":2973.262,"end":2973.775},{"text":"for","start":2973.807,"end":2973.887},{"text":"the","start":2973.887,"end":2973.967},{"text":"decisions","start":2973.967,"end":2974.416},{"text":"taken","start":2974.448,"end":2974.833},{"text":"to","start":2974.929,"end":2975.09},{"text":"address","start":2975.09,"end":2975.442},{"text":"the","start":2975.474,"end":2975.571},{"text":"impacts","start":2975.571,"end":2976.34},{"text":"of","start":2976.052,"end":2976.148},{"text":"the","start":2976.196,"end":2976.308},{"text":"situation","start":2976.308,"end":2976.886},{"text":"in","start":2976.918,"end":2976.982},{"text":"the","start":2976.998,"end":2977.03},{"text":"Strait","start":2977.03,"end":2977.335},{"text":"of","start":2977.335,"end":2977.415},{"text":"Hormuz","start":2977.415,"end":2977.864},{"text":"on","start":2978.201,"end":2978.249},{"text":"maritime","start":2978.683,"end":2979.068},{"text":"transport","start":2979.18,"end":2979.966},{"text":"and","start":2980.046,"end":2980.255},{"text":"the","start":2980.287,"end":2980.335},{"text":"well-being","start":2980.367,"end":2980.913},{"text":"of","start":2981.105,"end":2981.169},{"text":"seafarers","start":2981.522,"end":2982.276},{"text":"in","start":2982.388,"end":2982.437},{"text":"the","start":2982.469,"end":2982.613},{"text":"context","start":2982.613,"end":2983.11},{"text":"of","start":2983.431,"end":2983.511},{"text":"its","start":2983.511,"end":2983.608},{"text":"essential","start":2983.608,"end":2984.105},{"text":"work","start":2984.217,"end":2984.586},{"text":"to","start":2984.65,"end":2984.955},{"text":"promote","start":2985.035,"end":2985.421},{"text":"maritime","start":2985.421,"end":2985.789},{"text":"security,","start":2985.838,"end":2986.447},{"text":"protect","start":2986.961,"end":2987.362},{"text":"the","start":2987.362,"end":2987.522},{"text":"marine","start":2987.522,"end":2987.827},{"text":"environment,","start":2987.843,"end":2988.501},{"text":"and","start":2988.629,"end":2988.854},{"text":"advance","start":2988.902,"end":2989.303},{"text":"sustainable","start":2989.303,"end":2989.832},{"text":"maritime","start":2989.832,"end":2990.314},{"text":"transport.","start":2990.314,"end":2990.779}]},{"text":"Mr. President, as the sovereign owner and responsible administrator of the Panama Canal, one of the most important maritime routes in the world, we fully recognize the challenges and risks affecting maritime security in the current context.","start":2991.613,"end":3006.466,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Navigation","start":3029.99,"end":3030.31},{"text":"that","start":3030.823,"end":3031.015},{"text":"ensure","start":3031.287,"end":3031.88},{"text":"a","start":3032.185,"end":3032.297},{"text":"safe,","start":3032.602,"end":3033.034},{"text":"predictable,","start":3033.226,"end":3033.9},{"text":"rules-based","start":3034.092,"end":3034.765},{"text":"maritime","start":3034.765,"end":3035.358},{"text":"environment.","start":3035.47,"end":3036.063}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Panama condemns attacks recorded in the Strait of Hormuz on vessels flying the Panamanian flag, as well as those of Liberia and other flags.","start":3036.896,"end":3047.216,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3036.896,"end":3037.088},{"text":"President,","start":3037.136,"end":3037.633},{"text":"Panama","start":3038.418,"end":3038.691},{"text":"condemns","start":3038.835,"end":3039.444},{"text":"attacks","start":3039.957,"end":3040.357},{"text":"recorded","start":3040.357,"end":3040.838},{"text":"in","start":3040.838,"end":3040.918},{"text":"the","start":3040.918,"end":3040.998},{"text":"Strait","start":3040.998,"end":3041.255},{"text":"of","start":3041.255,"end":3041.383},{"text":"Hormuz","start":3041.383,"end":3041.768},{"text":"on","start":3042.264,"end":3042.473},{"text":"vessels","start":3042.761,"end":3043.21},{"text":"flying","start":3043.306,"end":3043.53},{"text":"the","start":3043.578,"end":3043.658},{"text":"Panamanian","start":3043.658,"end":3044.203},{"text":"flag,","start":3044.203,"end":3044.668},{"text":"as","start":3044.764,"end":3044.892},{"text":"well","start":3044.989,"end":3045.245},{"text":"as","start":3045.245,"end":3045.373},{"text":"those","start":3045.405,"end":3045.613},{"text":"of","start":3045.71,"end":3045.806},{"text":"Liberia","start":3045.87,"end":3046.463},{"text":"and","start":3046.527,"end":3046.671},{"text":"other","start":3046.751,"end":3046.847},{"text":"flags.","start":3046.847,"end":3047.216}]},{"text":"Since the beginning of March this year, several Panamanian-flagged vessels have been the subject of actions affecting the safety of navigation.","start":3048.386,"end":3057.368,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":3048.386,"end":3048.802},{"text":"the","start":3048.85,"end":3049.091},{"text":"beginning","start":3049.091,"end":3049.427},{"text":"of","start":3049.427,"end":3049.507},{"text":"March","start":3049.556,"end":3049.86},{"text":"this","start":3049.988,"end":3050.1},{"text":"year,","start":3050.277,"end":3050.549},{"text":"several","start":3050.613,"end":3051.206},{"text":"Panamanian-flagged","start":3052.119,"end":3053.017},{"text":"vessels","start":3053.017,"end":3053.466},{"text":"have","start":3053.482,"end":3053.626},{"text":"been","start":3053.658,"end":3053.786},{"text":"the","start":3053.802,"end":3053.882},{"text":"subject","start":3053.882,"end":3054.427},{"text":"of","start":3054.523,"end":3054.651},{"text":"actions","start":3054.844,"end":3055.26},{"text":"affecting","start":3055.26,"end":3055.709},{"text":"the","start":3056.233,"end":3056.318},{"text":"safety","start":3056.318,"end":3056.656},{"text":"of","start":3056.656,"end":3056.69},{"text":"navigation.","start":3056.69,"end":3057.368}]},{"text":"Among the vessels affected, there are two Panamanian-flagged merchant ships, the Euphoria that was attacked by three unidentified vessels without fortunately causing any damage to the ship or its crew, and MSC Francesca.","start":3059.026,"end":3072.244,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3072.872,"end":3072.936},{"text":"latter","start":3073.114,"end":3073.371},{"text":"vessel","start":3073.371,"end":3073.758},{"text":"was","start":3073.758,"end":3073.822},{"text":"intercepted","start":3073.854,"end":3074.563},{"text":"by","start":3074.563,"end":3074.74},{"text":"the","start":3074.74,"end":3074.917},{"text":"Islamic","start":3074.917,"end":3075.255},{"text":"Revolutionary","start":3075.287,"end":3075.915},{"text":"Guard","start":3075.931,"end":3076.237},{"text":"Corps,","start":3076.269,"end":3076.462},{"text":"which","start":3077.155,"end":3077.445},{"text":"ordered","start":3077.557,"end":3077.767},{"text":"it","start":3077.783,"end":3077.847},{"text":"to","start":3077.879,"end":3078.056},{"text":"weigh","start":3078.25,"end":3078.331},{"text":"anchor","start":3078.347,"end":3078.737},{"text":"off","start":3078.753,"end":3078.802},{"text":"the","start":3078.916,"end":3078.997},{"text":"coast","start":3079.013,"end":3079.29},{"text":"of","start":3079.355,"end":3079.436},{"text":"Iran.","start":3079.647,"end":3080.037}]},{"text":"Its crew is safe, although they remain detained.","start":3080.785,"end":3083.288,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":3080.785,"end":3080.964},{"text":"crew","start":3080.964,"end":3081.175},{"text":"is","start":3081.273,"end":3081.338},{"text":"safe,","start":3081.387,"end":3081.825},{"text":"although","start":3082.004,"end":3082.199},{"text":"they","start":3082.199,"end":3082.346},{"text":"remain","start":3082.508,"end":3082.882},{"text":"detained.","start":3082.914,"end":3083.288}]},{"text":"Unfairly.","start":3084.002,"end":3084.531,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Unfairly.","start":3084.002,"end":3084.531}]},{"text":"In light of this situation, Panama is following closely the events and coordinating the necessary steps to achieve a prompt resolution.","start":3085.429,"end":3093.91,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3085.429,"end":3085.477},{"text":"light","start":3085.525,"end":3085.75},{"text":"of","start":3085.75,"end":3085.83},{"text":"this","start":3085.83,"end":3085.926},{"text":"situation,","start":3085.926,"end":3086.615},{"text":"Panama","start":3086.728,"end":3087.161},{"text":"is","start":3087.353,"end":3087.497},{"text":"following","start":3087.609,"end":3087.898},{"text":"closely","start":3087.994,"end":3088.539},{"text":"the","start":3088.555,"end":3088.764},{"text":"events","start":3088.812,"end":3089.229},{"text":"and","start":3089.437,"end":3089.581},{"text":"coordinating","start":3089.613,"end":3090.383},{"text":"the","start":3090.479,"end":3090.511},{"text":"necessary","start":3090.511,"end":3091.024},{"text":"steps","start":3091.056,"end":3091.537},{"text":"to","start":3091.601,"end":3091.874},{"text":"achieve","start":3092.339,"end":3092.787},{"text":"a","start":3092.884,"end":3092.98},{"text":"prompt","start":3093.06,"end":3093.381},{"text":"resolution.","start":3093.381,"end":3093.91}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we call on Iranian authorities to proceed to immediately release all detained vessels.","start":3094.326,"end":3103.047,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. 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Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3103.801,"end":3104.09},{"text":"incidents","start":3104.202,"end":3104.875},{"text":"highlight","start":3105.388,"end":3105.965},{"text":"the","start":3105.965,"end":3106.029},{"text":"increasing","start":3106.029,"end":3106.574},{"text":"vulnerability","start":3106.606,"end":3107.328},{"text":"of","start":3107.328,"end":3107.456},{"text":"seafarers","start":3107.472,"end":3108.177},{"text":"to","start":3108.354,"end":3108.578},{"text":"the","start":3108.69,"end":3108.899},{"text":"risks","start":3108.915,"end":3109.22},{"text":"arising","start":3109.252,"end":3109.707},{"text":"from","start":3109.82,"end":3109.983},{"text":"geopolitical","start":3109.983,"end":3110.583},{"text":"tensions.","start":3110.616,"end":3111.2}]},{"text":"In this regard, Panama continues to firmly uphold multilateralism and continues to support joint coordinated efforts, taking concrete effective measures to restore the order— to restore order and preserve the integrity of the international legal order, thus avoiding creating precedents that would weaken respect for international law.","start":3113.38,"end":3134.453,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":3180.3,"end":3180.348},{"text":"me","start":3180.477,"end":3180.574},{"text":"to","start":3180.574,"end":3180.735},{"text":"begin","start":3180.735,"end":3181.025},{"text":"by","start":3181.057,"end":3181.251},{"text":"thanking","start":3181.364,"end":3181.67},{"text":"Bahrain","start":3181.767,"end":3182.154},{"text":"for","start":3182.976,"end":3183.105},{"text":"convening","start":3183.234,"end":3183.686},{"text":"this","start":3183.783,"end":3184.057},{"text":"open","start":3184.702,"end":3184.911},{"text":"debate","start":3184.911,"end":3185.943},{"text":"to","start":3186.553,"end":3186.633},{"text":"address","start":3186.633,"end":3186.906},{"text":"this","start":3187.098,"end":3187.21},{"text":"critical","start":3187.339,"end":3187.932},{"text":"issue","start":3187.932,"end":3188.349},{"text":"of","start":3188.477,"end":3188.605},{"text":"maritime","start":3188.782,"end":3189.135},{"text":"security.","start":3189.135,"end":3189.696}]},{"text":"I thank the Secretary-General Guterres and also IMO Secretary-General Dominguez and Mr. Charles for their pertinent briefings.","start":3190.882,"end":3200.231,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Countries","start":3208.746,"end":3209.099},{"text":"across","start":3209.163,"end":3209.468},{"text":"the","start":3209.484,"end":3209.628},{"text":"world","start":3209.628,"end":3209.885},{"text":"depend","start":3209.885,"end":3210.494},{"text":"on","start":3211.232,"end":3211.296},{"text":"the","start":3211.328,"end":3211.408},{"text":"supply","start":3211.408,"end":3211.857},{"text":"of","start":3211.873,"end":3211.937},{"text":"fertilizers,","start":3211.969,"end":3212.739},{"text":"raw","start":3213.018,"end":3213.22},{"text":"materials,","start":3213.254,"end":3213.912},{"text":"and","start":3214.284,"end":3214.436},{"text":"other","start":3214.436,"end":3214.689},{"text":"products,","start":3214.689,"end":3214.976},{"text":"from","start":3216.54,"end":3216.703},{"text":"microchips","start":3216.703,"end":3217.42},{"text":"to","start":3217.812,"end":3217.926},{"text":"medicines","start":3217.942,"end":3218.497},{"text":"that","start":3218.774,"end":3219.003},{"text":"are","start":3219.003,"end":3219.052},{"text":"essential","start":3219.345,"end":3219.9},{"text":"to","start":3219.981,"end":3220.079},{"text":"the","start":3220.079,"end":3220.161},{"text":"functioning","start":3220.161,"end":3220.65},{"text":"of","start":3220.748,"end":3220.895},{"text":"all","start":3220.895,"end":3220.993},{"text":"societies.","start":3220.993,"end":3221.678}]},{"text":"International law and norms have sustained maritime infrastructure and enabled livelihoods, prosperity, and development.","start":3222.733,"end":3231.045,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":3275.434,"end":3275.579},{"text":"disruptions","start":3275.611,"end":3276.269},{"text":"to","start":3276.333,"end":3276.414},{"text":"this","start":3276.494,"end":3276.767},{"text":"delicate","start":3276.815,"end":3277.232},{"text":"system","start":3277.232,"end":3277.746},{"text":"powering","start":3278.421,"end":3278.79},{"text":"the","start":3278.967,"end":3279.047},{"text":"global","start":3279.063,"end":3279.4},{"text":"economy","start":3279.4,"end":3280.058},{"text":"result","start":3280.428,"end":3280.925},{"text":"in","start":3280.925,"end":3281.006},{"text":"severe","start":3281.054,"end":3281.487},{"text":"consequences","start":3281.552,"end":3282.274},{"text":"for","start":3282.354,"end":3282.467},{"text":"all","start":3282.515,"end":3282.579},{"text":"of","start":3282.66,"end":3282.756},{"text":"us,","start":3282.756,"end":3282.916},{"text":"as","start":3283.639,"end":3283.735},{"text":"seen","start":3283.735,"end":3284.105},{"text":"with","start":3284.105,"end":3284.233},{"text":"the","start":3284.265,"end":3284.345},{"text":"Strait","start":3284.345,"end":3284.602},{"text":"of","start":3284.602,"end":3284.651},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":3284.683,"end":3285.052}]},{"text":"With supply chains disrupted, global energy prices have been rising, rising sharply, and acute food insecurity around the globe has grown at alarming rate.","start":3285.887,"end":3297.978,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Coordination","start":3469.015,"end":3469.656},{"text":"among","start":3469.656,"end":3469.864},{"text":"countries","start":3469.896,"end":3470.377},{"text":"is","start":3470.377,"end":3470.425},{"text":"crucial,","start":3470.521,"end":3470.89},{"text":"as","start":3472.043,"end":3472.108},{"text":"is","start":3472.204,"end":3472.348},{"text":"domain","start":3472.46,"end":3472.733},{"text":"awareness.","start":3472.781,"end":3473.149}]},{"text":"Sharing of intelligence, and new reporting initiatives.","start":3473.57,"end":3476.75,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Other","start":3479.421,"end":3479.678},{"text":"emerging","start":3479.678,"end":3480.048},{"text":"risks","start":3480.145,"end":3480.563},{"text":"include","start":3480.563,"end":3480.965},{"text":"those","start":3480.965,"end":3481.255},{"text":"of","start":3481.351,"end":3481.464},{"text":"subsea","start":3481.464,"end":3482.075},{"text":"cable","start":3482.075,"end":3482.59},{"text":"networks","start":3482.655,"end":3483.282},{"text":"connecting","start":3483.282,"end":3483.7},{"text":"the","start":3483.781,"end":3483.861},{"text":"globe","start":3483.926,"end":3484.408},{"text":"for—","start":3484.408,"end":3484.537},{"text":"from","start":3484.891,"end":3485.02},{"text":"communications","start":3485.068,"end":3486.001},{"text":"to","start":3486.275,"end":3486.355},{"text":"finance.","start":3486.355,"end":3486.918}]},{"text":"While most damages still result from accidents and natural events, increasing attention must be paid to deliberate sabotage.","start":3487.807,"end":3496.501,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":3487.807,"end":3487.985},{"text":"most","start":3487.985,"end":3488.489},{"text":"damages","start":3488.619,"end":3489.122},{"text":"still","start":3489.122,"end":3489.447},{"text":"result","start":3489.496,"end":3489.934},{"text":"from","start":3490.145,"end":3490.275},{"text":"accidents","start":3490.389,"end":3490.925},{"text":"and","start":3490.973,"end":3491.184},{"text":"natural","start":3491.217,"end":3491.59},{"text":"events,","start":3492.272,"end":3492.678},{"text":"increasing","start":3493.606,"end":3494.077},{"text":"attention","start":3494.126,"end":3494.565},{"text":"must","start":3494.679,"end":3494.842},{"text":"be","start":3494.842,"end":3495.07},{"text":"paid","start":3495.07,"end":3495.297},{"text":"to","start":3495.33,"end":3495.476},{"text":"deliberate","start":3495.476,"end":3495.899},{"text":"sabotage.","start":3495.899,"end":3496.501}]},{"text":"The use of shadow fleet vessels, for such unlawful actions further complicates attribution.","start":3497.998,"end":3503.39,"topics":[{"key":"shadow-fleet","label":"Shadow Fleets and Sanctions Evasion","description":"Some delegations focused on the use of opaque, poorly maintained vessels to evade sanctions and operate outside normal oversight. 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welcome also the initiatives by France and United Kingdom, and we stand ready to contribute our share to these efforts.","start":3556.513,"end":3565.144,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3556.513,"end":3556.561},{"text":"welcome","start":3556.593,"end":3556.931},{"text":"also","start":3556.931,"end":3557.252},{"text":"the","start":3557.252,"end":3557.3},{"text":"initiatives","start":3557.397,"end":3558.039},{"text":"by","start":3558.039,"end":3558.136},{"text":"France","start":3558.136,"end":3558.778},{"text":"and","start":3559.003,"end":3559.148},{"text":"United","start":3559.566,"end":3560.048},{"text":"Kingdom,","start":3560.048,"end":3560.401},{"text":"and","start":3561.172,"end":3561.317},{"text":"we","start":3561.574,"end":3561.67},{"text":"stand","start":3561.67,"end":3561.992},{"text":"ready","start":3561.992,"end":3562.297},{"text":"to","start":3562.297,"end":3562.442},{"text":"contribute","start":3562.458,"end":3562.973},{"text":"our","start":3563.745,"end":3563.857},{"text":"share","start":3563.857,"end":3564.098},{"text":"to","start":3564.468,"end":3564.565},{"text":"these","start":3564.565,"end":3564.726},{"text":"efforts.","start":3564.806,"end":3565.144}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Andisis Vilimsants","affiliation":"LVA","affiliation_full":"Latvia","group":null,"function":"State Secretary"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":3565.53,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=3566","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":3565.53,"end":3565.739,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3565.53,"end":3565.691},{"text":"you.","start":3565.691,"end":3565.739}]},{"text":"I thank His Excellency Mr. Villem Sons for his statement.","start":3567.283,"end":3573.023,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3567.283,"end":3567.363},{"text":"thank","start":3567.363,"end":3567.54},{"text":"His","start":3567.54,"end":3567.765},{"text":"Excellency","start":3567.765,"end":3568.312},{"text":"Mr.","start":3568.425,"end":3568.891},{"text":"Villem","start":3569.872,"end":3570.113},{"text":"Sons","start":3570.177,"end":3570.644},{"text":"for","start":3572.026,"end":3572.155},{"text":"his","start":3572.267,"end":3572.412},{"text":"statement.","start":3572.524,"end":3573.023}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Stephen Dowty, Minister of State for Europe, North America and Overseas Territories in the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office of the United Kingdom.","start":3574.759,"end":3589.611,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3574.759,"end":3574.791},{"text":"now","start":3574.791,"end":3574.935},{"text":"give","start":3575.016,"end":3575.176},{"text":"the","start":3575.176,"end":3575.321},{"text":"floor","start":3575.321,"end":3575.755},{"text":"to","start":3575.98,"end":3576.077},{"text":"His","start":3576.077,"end":3576.237},{"text":"Excellency","start":3576.286,"end":3576.752},{"text":"Mr.","start":3576.784,"end":3577.266},{"text":"Stephen","start":3577.427,"end":3577.877},{"text":"Dowty,","start":3577.973,"end":3578.311},{"text":"Minister","start":3578.814,"end":3579.137},{"text":"of","start":3579.298,"end":3579.427},{"text":"State","start":3579.443,"end":3579.879},{"text":"for","start":3580.331,"end":3580.734},{"text":"Europe,","start":3580.734,"end":3581.089},{"text":"North","start":3581.557,"end":3581.799},{"text":"America","start":3581.799,"end":3582.316},{"text":"and","start":3582.687,"end":3582.816},{"text":"Overseas","start":3582.848,"end":3583.381},{"text":"Territories","start":3583.558,"end":3584.107},{"text":"in","start":3585.011,"end":3585.059},{"text":"the","start":3585.108,"end":3585.188},{"text":"Foreign,","start":3585.188,"end":3585.479},{"text":"Commonwealth","start":3586.463,"end":3586.931},{"text":"and","start":3587.189,"end":3587.319},{"text":"Development","start":3587.367,"end":3587.948},{"text":"Office","start":3587.999,"end":3588.348},{"text":"of","start":3588.598,"end":3588.697},{"text":"the","start":3588.747,"end":3588.83},{"text":"United","start":3588.83,"end":3589.229},{"text":"Kingdom.","start":3589.262,"end":3589.611}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":3591.44,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=3592","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Well, shukran, Mr. President, Your Excellency Minister Al Zayani.","start":3591.44,"end":3594.825,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Well,","start":3591.44,"end":3591.665},{"text":"shukran,","start":3591.697,"end":3592.068},{"text":"Mr.","start":3592.278,"end":3592.471},{"text":"President,","start":3592.52,"end":3593.132},{"text":"Your","start":3593.164,"end":3593.31},{"text":"Excellency","start":3593.31,"end":3593.858},{"text":"Minister","start":3593.89,"end":3594.196},{"text":"Al","start":3594.196,"end":3594.309},{"text":"Zayani.","start":3594.309,"end":3594.825}]},{"text":"Thank you to Bahrain for bringing us together and for your leadership in this Council.","start":3595.679,"end":3599.807,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3595.679,"end":3595.986},{"text":"you","start":3595.986,"end":3596.066},{"text":"to","start":3596.066,"end":3596.211},{"text":"Bahrain","start":3596.228,"end":3596.598},{"text":"for","start":3596.631,"end":3596.776},{"text":"bringing","start":3596.856,"end":3597.082},{"text":"us","start":3597.179,"end":3597.308},{"text":"together","start":3597.678,"end":3598.146},{"text":"and","start":3598.162,"end":3598.291},{"text":"for","start":3598.323,"end":3598.468},{"text":"your","start":3598.468,"end":3598.63},{"text":"leadership","start":3598.63,"end":3599.065},{"text":"in","start":3599.129,"end":3599.178},{"text":"this","start":3599.21,"end":3599.323},{"text":"Council.","start":3599.42,"end":3599.807}]},{"text":"Secretary-General, that leadership is more important than ever.","start":3600.581,"end":3604.099,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":3600.581,"end":3601.13},{"text":"that","start":3601.775,"end":3601.953},{"text":"leadership","start":3601.953,"end":3602.372},{"text":"is","start":3602.372,"end":3602.501},{"text":"more","start":3602.518,"end":3602.679},{"text":"important","start":3602.679,"end":3603.389},{"text":"than","start":3603.712,"end":3603.857},{"text":"ever.","start":3603.97,"end":3604.099}]},{"text":"In face of the growing threats to maritime and indeed regional security from the Black Sea, indeed to the Baltic, the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, to the Strait of Hormuz, or indeed globally, as has been pointed out, from the Russian shadow fleet.","start":3604.388,"end":3617.391,"topics":[{"key":"shadow-fleet","label":"Shadow Fleets and Sanctions Evasion","description":"Some delegations focused on the use of opaque, poorly maintained vessels to evade sanctions and operate outside normal oversight. This was framed as a maritime security, safety, environmental, and regulatory challenge, though views differed on how it should be characterized."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3604.388,"end":3604.468},{"text":"face","start":3604.532,"end":3604.805},{"text":"of","start":3605.078,"end":3605.222},{"text":"the","start":3605.319,"end":3605.367},{"text":"growing","start":3605.415,"end":3605.704},{"text":"threats","start":3605.816,"end":3606.298},{"text":"to","start":3606.78,"end":3606.892},{"text":"maritime","start":3606.892,"end":3607.374},{"text":"and","start":3607.422,"end":3607.55},{"text":"indeed","start":3607.566,"end":3607.887},{"text":"regional","start":3607.887,"end":3608.16},{"text":"security","start":3608.16,"end":3608.754},{"text":"from","start":3609.188,"end":3609.348},{"text":"the","start":3609.348,"end":3609.428},{"text":"Black","start":3609.428,"end":3609.685},{"text":"Sea,","start":3609.685,"end":3609.99},{"text":"indeed","start":3610.231,"end":3610.472},{"text":"to","start":3610.472,"end":3610.6},{"text":"the","start":3610.616,"end":3610.713},{"text":"Baltic,","start":3610.713,"end":3611.13},{"text":"the","start":3611.274,"end":3611.339},{"text":"Mediterranean,","start":3611.339,"end":3611.884},{"text":"the","start":3612.077,"end":3612.157},{"text":"Red","start":3612.157,"end":3612.366},{"text":"Sea,","start":3612.382,"end":3612.703},{"text":"to","start":3612.88,"end":3612.96},{"text":"the","start":3612.96,"end":3613.024},{"text":"Strait","start":3613.024,"end":3613.345},{"text":"of","start":3613.345,"end":3613.442},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":3613.442,"end":3613.731},{"text":"or","start":3614.405,"end":3614.453},{"text":"indeed","start":3614.485,"end":3614.774},{"text":"globally,","start":3614.822,"end":3615.272},{"text":"as","start":3615.304,"end":3615.432},{"text":"has","start":3615.432,"end":3615.496},{"text":"been","start":3615.529,"end":3615.689},{"text":"pointed","start":3615.689,"end":3616.074},{"text":"out,","start":3616.074,"end":3616.219},{"text":"from","start":3616.235,"end":3616.395},{"text":"the","start":3616.395,"end":3616.476},{"text":"Russian","start":3616.476,"end":3616.813},{"text":"shadow","start":3616.813,"end":3617.07},{"text":"fleet.","start":3617.134,"end":3617.391}]},{"text":"With reckless attacks and actions putting security and prosperity at risk, we must step up efforts together to safeguard international waterways from disruption, to protect mariners who find themselves in dangerous waters, denied passage and put at risk, and stand up for all of those most affected, including some of the world's most vulnerable people, particularly when it comes to food security or supplies of critical products and medicines.","start":3618.177,"end":3644.308,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":3618.177,"end":3618.386},{"text":"reckless","start":3618.402,"end":3618.771},{"text":"attacks","start":3618.884,"end":3619.494},{"text":"and","start":3619.606,"end":3619.847},{"text":"actions","start":3619.847,"end":3620.232},{"text":"putting","start":3620.264,"end":3620.473},{"text":"security","start":3620.505,"end":3621.115},{"text":"and","start":3621.613,"end":3621.709},{"text":"prosperity","start":3621.709,"end":3622.351},{"text":"at","start":3622.351,"end":3622.431},{"text":"risk,","start":3622.431,"end":3622.688},{"text":"we","start":3622.752,"end":3622.929},{"text":"must","start":3622.929,"end":3623.298},{"text":"step","start":3623.298,"end":3623.475},{"text":"up","start":3623.475,"end":3623.635},{"text":"efforts","start":3623.635,"end":3623.988},{"text":"together","start":3624.342,"end":3624.807},{"text":"to","start":3625.225,"end":3625.289},{"text":"safeguard","start":3625.321,"end":3625.851},{"text":"international","start":3625.883,"end":3626.429},{"text":"waterways","start":3626.589,"end":3627.055},{"text":"from","start":3627.135,"end":3627.247},{"text":"disruption,","start":3627.247,"end":3627.761},{"text":"to","start":3628.355,"end":3628.499},{"text":"protect","start":3628.532,"end":3629.013},{"text":"mariners","start":3629.013,"end":3629.382},{"text":"who","start":3629.495,"end":3629.575},{"text":"find","start":3629.575,"end":3629.896},{"text":"themselves","start":3629.896,"end":3630.346},{"text":"in","start":3630.394,"end":3630.506},{"text":"dangerous","start":3630.538,"end":3631.004},{"text":"waters,","start":3631.004,"end":3631.309},{"text":"denied","start":3631.726,"end":3632.063},{"text":"passage","start":3632.063,"end":3632.512},{"text":"and","start":3632.93,"end":3632.994},{"text":"put","start":3633.026,"end":3633.267},{"text":"at","start":3633.267,"end":3633.315},{"text":"risk,","start":3633.347,"end":3633.668},{"text":"and","start":3634.214,"end":3634.31},{"text":"stand","start":3634.31,"end":3634.631},{"text":"up","start":3634.631,"end":3634.888},{"text":"for","start":3635.257,"end":3635.417},{"text":"all","start":3635.417,"end":3635.53},{"text":"of","start":3635.53,"end":3635.61},{"text":"those","start":3635.658,"end":3635.802},{"text":"most","start":3636.075,"end":3636.332},{"text":"affected,","start":3636.332,"end":3636.846},{"text":"including","start":3637.134,"end":3637.568},{"text":"some","start":3637.664,"end":3637.776},{"text":"of","start":3637.776,"end":3637.905},{"text":"the","start":3637.905,"end":3637.969},{"text":"world's","start":3637.985,"end":3638.242},{"text":"most","start":3638.242,"end":3638.547},{"text":"vulnerable","start":3638.563,"end":3638.932},{"text":"people,","start":3638.964,"end":3639.317},{"text":"particularly","start":3639.766,"end":3640.168},{"text":"when","start":3640.168,"end":3640.328},{"text":"it","start":3640.328,"end":3640.408},{"text":"comes","start":3640.408,"end":3640.617},{"text":"to","start":3640.729,"end":3640.986},{"text":"food","start":3641.355,"end":3641.532},{"text":"security","start":3641.532,"end":3642.142},{"text":"or","start":3642.174,"end":3642.27},{"text":"supplies","start":3642.27,"end":3642.703},{"text":"of","start":3642.751,"end":3642.864},{"text":"critical","start":3642.88,"end":3643.201},{"text":"products","start":3643.297,"end":3643.763},{"text":"and","start":3643.763,"end":3643.843},{"text":"medicines.","start":3643.843,"end":3644.308}]},{"text":"The United Kingdom, with its long history as a seafaring nation, has long been committed to maritime security.","start":3645.143,"end":3651.177,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3645.143,"end":3645.223},{"text":"United","start":3645.223,"end":3645.544},{"text":"Kingdom,","start":3645.544,"end":3645.913},{"text":"with","start":3645.945,"end":3646.09},{"text":"its","start":3646.09,"end":3646.218},{"text":"long","start":3646.33,"end":3646.475},{"text":"history","start":3646.571,"end":3646.956},{"text":"as","start":3647.309,"end":3647.406},{"text":"a","start":3647.47,"end":3647.486},{"text":"seafaring","start":3647.534,"end":3647.999},{"text":"nation,","start":3648.031,"end":3648.32},{"text":"has","start":3648.818,"end":3648.962},{"text":"long","start":3649.059,"end":3649.187},{"text":"been","start":3649.315,"end":3649.444},{"text":"committed","start":3649.476,"end":3649.877},{"text":"to","start":3649.877,"end":3649.973},{"text":"maritime","start":3649.973,"end":3650.455},{"text":"security.","start":3650.519,"end":3651.177}]},{"text":"And I say that also as a Member of Parliament for a diverse port city of Cardiff, with a proud Merchant Marine tradition and heritage throughout history.","start":3651.803,"end":3660.036,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3651.803,"end":3651.867},{"text":"I","start":3651.883,"end":3651.899},{"text":"say","start":3651.899,"end":3652.188},{"text":"that","start":3652.188,"end":3652.429},{"text":"also","start":3652.429,"end":3652.653},{"text":"as","start":3652.686,"end":3652.782},{"text":"a","start":3652.782,"end":3652.83},{"text":"Member","start":3652.83,"end":3653.039},{"text":"of","start":3653.071,"end":3653.135},{"text":"Parliament","start":3653.167,"end":3653.6},{"text":"for","start":3653.648,"end":3653.841},{"text":"a","start":3653.969,"end":3654.002},{"text":"diverse","start":3654.13,"end":3654.483},{"text":"port","start":3654.611,"end":3654.868},{"text":"city","start":3654.868,"end":3655.221},{"text":"of","start":3655.59,"end":3655.703},{"text":"Cardiff,","start":3655.735,"end":3656.088},{"text":"with","start":3656.136,"end":3656.232},{"text":"a","start":3656.232,"end":3656.361},{"text":"proud","start":3656.361,"end":3656.794},{"text":"Merchant","start":3657.099,"end":3657.5},{"text":"Marine","start":3657.5,"end":3657.869},{"text":"tradition","start":3658.206,"end":3658.591},{"text":"and","start":3658.688,"end":3658.848},{"text":"heritage","start":3658.848,"end":3659.233},{"text":"throughout","start":3659.266,"end":3659.651},{"text":"history.","start":3659.651,"end":3660.036}]},{"text":"I am particularly glad to join Bahrain and this Council in that effort today.","start":3660.614,"end":3664.241,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3660.614,"end":3660.694},{"text":"am","start":3660.694,"end":3660.79},{"text":"particularly","start":3660.79,"end":3661.24},{"text":"glad","start":3661.272,"end":3661.512},{"text":"to","start":3661.512,"end":3661.593},{"text":"join","start":3661.593,"end":3661.833},{"text":"Bahrain","start":3661.833,"end":3662.186},{"text":"and","start":3662.62,"end":3662.7},{"text":"this","start":3662.716,"end":3662.844},{"text":"Council","start":3662.941,"end":3663.278},{"text":"in","start":3663.278,"end":3663.326},{"text":"that","start":3663.358,"end":3663.599},{"text":"effort","start":3663.599,"end":3663.984},{"text":"today.","start":3663.984,"end":3664.241}]},{"text":"The most pressing issue, of course, before us is the Strait of Hormuz, and this crisis is not just affecting international shipping, it is driving up costs and sending shockwaves throughout energy markets and supply chains far beyond the region, with impact for all of our citizens and our communities and their cost of living.","start":3665.22,"end":3684.029,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3785.49,"end":3785.71},{"text":"we","start":3785.71,"end":3785.73},{"text":"are","start":3785.73,"end":3785.89},{"text":"grateful","start":3785.89,"end":3786.27},{"text":"for","start":3786.27,"end":3786.47},{"text":"Bahrain's","start":3786.47,"end":3786.97},{"text":"efforts","start":3786.97,"end":3787.23},{"text":"to","start":3787.23,"end":3787.37},{"text":"pass","start":3787.37,"end":3787.59},{"text":"a","start":3787.59,"end":3787.71},{"text":"further","start":3787.71,"end":3787.95},{"text":"resolution","start":3787.95,"end":3788.89},{"text":"underscoring","start":3788.89,"end":3789.69},{"text":"the","start":3789.69,"end":3789.91},{"text":"importance","start":3789.91,"end":3790.47},{"text":"of","start":3790.892,"end":3790.956},{"text":"protecting","start":3790.956,"end":3791.421},{"text":"navigational","start":3791.454,"end":3792.079},{"text":"rights","start":3792.159,"end":3792.368},{"text":"and","start":3792.641,"end":3792.801},{"text":"freedoms.","start":3792.801,"end":3793.266}]},{"text":"It is regrettable that Russia and China vetoed this resolution protecting Iran, and therefore the UK will continue to work with Bahrain, Council members, and partners to uphold international law, defend freedom of navigation, protect innocent seafarers, and keep our international sea lanes open and secure, because global stability and security depend on us stepping up together, and we welcome this discussion.","start":3794.101,"end":3819.917,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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statement.","start":3823.253,"end":3826.411,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3823.253,"end":3823.27},{"text":"thank","start":3823.35,"end":3823.576},{"text":"His","start":3823.576,"end":3823.721},{"text":"Excellency","start":3823.753,"end":3824.317},{"text":"Mr.","start":3824.317,"end":3824.575},{"text":"Doughty","start":3824.639,"end":3825.01},{"text":"for","start":3825.429,"end":3825.59},{"text":"his","start":3825.606,"end":3825.767},{"text":"statement.","start":3825.767,"end":3826.411}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Pakistan.","start":3828.667,"end":3832.263,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3828.667,"end":3828.748},{"text":"now","start":3828.748,"end":3828.828},{"text":"give","start":3828.909,"end":3829.086},{"text":"the","start":3829.086,"end":3829.215},{"text":"floor","start":3829.215,"end":3829.65},{"text":"to","start":3830.423,"end":3830.472},{"text":"the","start":3830.52,"end":3830.73},{"text":"representative","start":3830.73,"end":3831.596},{"text":"of","start":3831.596,"end":3831.73},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":3831.83,"end":3832.263}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":3835.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=3836","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President, Excellency the Foreign Minister.","start":3835.01,"end":3838.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3835.01,"end":3835.253},{"text":"you,","start":3835.253,"end":3835.366},{"text":"Mr.","start":3835.771,"end":3836.03},{"text":"President,","start":3836.078,"end":3836.709},{"text":"Excellency","start":3837.13,"end":3837.745},{"text":"the","start":3838.004,"end":3838.182},{"text":"Foreign","start":3838.182,"end":3838.425},{"text":"Minister.","start":3838.425,"end":3838.91}]},{"text":"I wish to congratulate the Kingdom of Bahrain for its successful presidency this month and for organizing today's high-level open debate.","start":3839.865,"end":3850.666,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3839.865,"end":3839.897},{"text":"wish","start":3839.897,"end":3840.124},{"text":"to","start":3840.205,"end":3840.383},{"text":"congratulate","start":3841.078,"end":3843.635},{"text":"the","start":3842.397,"end":3842.605},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3842.654,"end":3843.007},{"text":"of","start":3843.119,"end":3843.232},{"text":"Bahrain","start":3843.28,"end":3843.745},{"text":"for","start":3843.842,"end":3844.099},{"text":"its","start":3844.099,"end":3844.372},{"text":"successful","start":3844.372,"end":3844.95},{"text":"presidency","start":3844.966,"end":3845.544},{"text":"this","start":3845.544,"end":3845.672},{"text":"month","start":3845.785,"end":3845.993},{"text":"and","start":3847.374,"end":3847.519},{"text":"for","start":3847.792,"end":3847.968},{"text":"organizing","start":3848.097,"end":3848.562},{"text":"today's","start":3848.675,"end":3849.044},{"text":"high-level","start":3849.14,"end":3849.686},{"text":"open","start":3849.959,"end":3850.248},{"text":"debate.","start":3850.28,"end":3850.666}]},{"text":"And your presence attests to the importance attached by the Kingdom of Bahrain to global maritime security, which is crucial for the twin objectives of international peace and security peace and development.","start":3851.806,"end":3869.272,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3851.806,"end":3851.934},{"text":"your","start":3852.191,"end":3852.544},{"text":"presence","start":3852.689,"end":3853.186},{"text":"attests","start":3853.491,"end":3853.973},{"text":"to","start":3853.973,"end":3854.15},{"text":"the","start":3854.214,"end":3854.455},{"text":"importance","start":3854.535,"end":3855.258},{"text":"attached","start":3855.274,"end":3855.948},{"text":"by","start":3856.221,"end":3856.317},{"text":"the","start":3856.526,"end":3856.622},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3856.622,"end":3856.927},{"text":"of","start":3857.024,"end":3857.12},{"text":"Bahrain","start":3857.184,"end":3857.554},{"text":"to","start":3857.666,"end":3857.827},{"text":"global","start":3857.891,"end":3858.276},{"text":"maritime","start":3858.613,"end":3859.095},{"text":"security,","start":3859.85,"end":3860.524},{"text":"which","start":3861.744,"end":3861.857},{"text":"is","start":3861.921,"end":3861.969},{"text":"crucial","start":3862.242,"end":3862.852},{"text":"for","start":3863.125,"end":3863.462},{"text":"the","start":3863.51,"end":3863.703},{"text":"twin","start":3863.928,"end":3864.185},{"text":"objectives","start":3864.329,"end":3865.02},{"text":"of","start":3865.517,"end":3865.742},{"text":"international","start":3866.095,"end":3866.706},{"text":"peace","start":3866.738,"end":3866.979},{"text":"and","start":3866.979,"end":3867.059},{"text":"security","start":3867.059,"end":3867.669},{"text":"peace","start":3867.894,"end":3868.397},{"text":"and","start":3868.575,"end":3868.737},{"text":"development.","start":3868.737,"end":3869.272}]},{"text":"Allow me to take this opportunity to express Pakistan's complete support and solidarity with all brotherly countries of the Gulf region and to their sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence.","start":3870.926,"end":3887.126,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":3870.926,"end":3871.104},{"text":"me","start":3871.25,"end":3871.428},{"text":"to","start":3871.428,"end":3871.59},{"text":"take","start":3871.59,"end":3871.834},{"text":"this","start":3871.834,"end":3872.077},{"text":"opportunity","start":3872.077,"end":3872.774},{"text":"to","start":3872.79,"end":3872.887},{"text":"express","start":3872.887,"end":3873.374},{"text":"Pakistan's","start":3873.374,"end":3873.973},{"text":"complete","start":3874.65,"end":3874.859},{"text":"support","start":3874.859,"end":3875.536},{"text":"and","start":3876.293,"end":3876.454},{"text":"solidarity","start":3876.454,"end":3877.308},{"text":"with","start":3878.049,"end":3878.21},{"text":"all","start":3878.21,"end":3878.339},{"text":"brotherly","start":3878.452,"end":3878.839},{"text":"countries","start":3878.871,"end":3879.322},{"text":"of","start":3879.419,"end":3879.564},{"text":"the","start":3879.58,"end":3879.644},{"text":"Gulf","start":3879.676,"end":3879.999},{"text":"region","start":3879.999,"end":3880.289},{"text":"and","start":3881.594,"end":3881.723},{"text":"to","start":3881.771,"end":3881.932},{"text":"their","start":3881.932,"end":3882.271},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":3882.351,"end":3883.06},{"text":"territorial","start":3883.598,"end":3883.986},{"text":"integrity,","start":3883.986,"end":3884.601},{"text":"and","start":3885.443,"end":3885.637},{"text":"political","start":3885.766,"end":3886.414},{"text":"independence.","start":3886.414,"end":3887.126}]},{"text":"I thank Secretary-General Guterres for his insightful remarks.","start":3889.229,"end":3893.495,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3889.229,"end":3889.326},{"text":"thank","start":3889.391,"end":3889.812},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":3890.136,"end":3891.026},{"text":"Guterres","start":3891.026,"end":3891.479},{"text":"for","start":3891.738,"end":3891.932},{"text":"his","start":3891.98,"end":3892.207},{"text":"insightful","start":3892.45,"end":3893.015},{"text":"remarks.","start":3893.067,"end":3893.495}]},{"text":"In particular, the emphasis that he has placed on respect for international law, dialogue and cooperation, and peaceful settlement of disputes.","start":3895.298,"end":3908.477,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3895.298,"end":3895.363},{"text":"particular,","start":3895.476,"end":3896.024},{"text":"the","start":3896.056,"end":3896.185},{"text":"emphasis","start":3896.266,"end":3896.734},{"text":"that","start":3897.556,"end":3898.073},{"text":"he","start":3898.298,"end":3898.379},{"text":"has","start":3898.379,"end":3898.589},{"text":"placed","start":3898.702,"end":3899.266},{"text":"on","start":3899.573,"end":3899.718},{"text":"respect","start":3899.911,"end":3900.46},{"text":"for","start":3900.46,"end":3900.589},{"text":"international","start":3900.654,"end":3901.363},{"text":"law,","start":3901.363,"end":3901.444},{"text":"dialogue","start":3903.07,"end":3903.521},{"text":"and","start":3903.812,"end":3903.957},{"text":"cooperation,","start":3904.538,"end":3905.168},{"text":"and","start":3906.395,"end":3906.62},{"text":"peaceful","start":3906.733,"end":3907.137},{"text":"settlement","start":3907.137,"end":3907.766},{"text":"of","start":3907.766,"end":3907.863},{"text":"disputes.","start":3907.944,"end":3908.477}]},{"text":"We also appreciate the briefing by Mr. Arsenio Domínguez, Secretary-General of the IMO, and also to Mr. Nick Childs for his expert views on the subject.","start":3910.225,"end":3928.176,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3910.225,"end":3910.337},{"text":"also","start":3910.402,"end":3910.755},{"text":"appreciate","start":3911.301,"end":3912.089},{"text":"the","start":3913.149,"end":3913.374},{"text":"briefing","start":3913.374,"end":3913.743},{"text":"by","start":3915.045,"end":3915.221},{"text":"Mr.","start":3915.221,"end":3915.43},{"text":"Arsenio","start":3915.527,"end":3916.201},{"text":"Domínguez,","start":3916.266,"end":3916.989},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":3917.213,"end":3918.081},{"text":"of","start":3918.82,"end":3918.965},{"text":"the","start":3919.061,"end":3919.254},{"text":"IMO,","start":3919.398,"end":3919.8},{"text":"and","start":3921.027,"end":3921.092},{"text":"also","start":3921.271,"end":3921.66},{"text":"to","start":3922.081,"end":3922.146},{"text":"Mr.","start":3922.146,"end":3922.811},{"text":"Nick","start":3923.654,"end":3924.043},{"text":"Childs","start":3924.043,"end":3924.546},{"text":"for","start":3925.745,"end":3925.859},{"text":"his","start":3925.907,"end":3926.118},{"text":"expert","start":3926.297,"end":3926.799},{"text":"views","start":3926.799,"end":3927.091},{"text":"on","start":3927.513,"end":3927.675},{"text":"the","start":3927.675,"end":3927.74},{"text":"subject.","start":3927.74,"end":3928.176}]},{"text":"President, the global maritime spaces are a key geostrategic arena where the challenges of the 21st century intersect.","start":3930.101,"end":3939.006,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":3930.101,"end":3930.602},{"text":"the","start":3931.023,"end":3931.152},{"text":"global","start":3931.168,"end":3931.573},{"text":"maritime","start":3931.573,"end":3932.026},{"text":"spaces","start":3932.058,"end":3932.592},{"text":"are","start":3932.689,"end":3932.786},{"text":"a","start":3932.786,"end":3932.85},{"text":"key","start":3932.85,"end":3933.271},{"text":"geostrategic","start":3933.514,"end":3934.419},{"text":"arena","start":3934.565,"end":3935.05},{"text":"where","start":3936.101,"end":3936.312},{"text":"the","start":3936.328,"end":3936.425},{"text":"challenges","start":3936.425,"end":3936.975},{"text":"of","start":3936.975,"end":3937.04},{"text":"the","start":3937.04,"end":3937.072},{"text":"21st","start":3937.136,"end":3937.7},{"text":"century","start":3937.7,"end":3938.168},{"text":"intersect.","start":3938.522,"end":3939.006}]},{"text":"They are the lifeline of global commerce, bellwether of Earth's environment, and home to a vast array of marine biological and mineral resources.","start":3940.376,"end":3950.744,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3940.376,"end":3940.537},{"text":"are","start":3940.537,"end":3940.698},{"text":"the","start":3940.698,"end":3940.843},{"text":"lifeline","start":3940.843,"end":3941.391},{"text":"of","start":3941.649,"end":3941.794},{"text":"global","start":3941.972,"end":3942.326},{"text":"commerce,","start":3942.374,"end":3942.745},{"text":"bellwether","start":3943.358,"end":3944.067},{"text":"of","start":3944.083,"end":3944.212},{"text":"Earth's","start":3944.389,"end":3944.728},{"text":"environment,","start":3944.808,"end":3945.227},{"text":"and","start":3946.313,"end":3946.394},{"text":"home","start":3946.491,"end":3946.766},{"text":"to","start":3946.895,"end":3947.024},{"text":"a","start":3947.04,"end":3947.138},{"text":"vast","start":3947.138,"end":3947.607},{"text":"array","start":3947.687,"end":3947.962},{"text":"of","start":3948.027,"end":3948.156},{"text":"marine","start":3948.205,"end":3948.561},{"text":"biological","start":3948.674,"end":3949.418},{"text":"and","start":3949.483,"end":3949.693},{"text":"mineral","start":3949.806,"end":3950.211},{"text":"resources.","start":3950.211,"end":3950.744}]},{"text":"Propelled by the onward march of economic globalization and rapid improvement in transportation and connectivity infrastructure, global commerce and trade are now more reliant on seaborne trade than ever before.","start":3952.47,"end":3969.024,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Propelled","start":3952.47,"end":3952.712},{"text":"by","start":3952.744,"end":3952.986},{"text":"the","start":3952.986,"end":3953.212},{"text":"onward","start":3953.292,"end":3953.696},{"text":"march","start":3953.696,"end":3954.002},{"text":"of","start":3954.099,"end":3954.244},{"text":"economic","start":3954.519,"end":3954.938},{"text":"globalization","start":3954.986,"end":3955.696},{"text":"and","start":3955.971,"end":3956.132},{"text":"rapid","start":3956.132,"end":3956.552},{"text":"improvement","start":3956.697,"end":3957.6},{"text":"in","start":3958.084,"end":3958.133},{"text":"transportation","start":3958.23,"end":3959.004},{"text":"and","start":3959.262,"end":3959.407},{"text":"connectivity","start":3959.44,"end":3960.101},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":3960.166,"end":3961.053},{"text":"global","start":3962.07,"end":3962.23},{"text":"commerce","start":3962.23,"end":3962.681},{"text":"and","start":3962.971,"end":3963.068},{"text":"trade","start":3963.132,"end":3963.518},{"text":"are","start":3964.018,"end":3964.05},{"text":"now","start":3964.05,"end":3964.307},{"text":"more","start":3964.372,"end":3964.919},{"text":"reliant","start":3965.064,"end":3965.805},{"text":"on","start":3966.593,"end":3966.738},{"text":"seaborne","start":3966.867,"end":3967.447},{"text":"trade","start":3967.495,"end":3967.946},{"text":"than","start":3968.139,"end":3968.252},{"text":"ever","start":3968.364,"end":3968.59},{"text":"before.","start":3968.606,"end":3969.024}]},{"text":"Any disruptions to the routine traffic at sea gravely impact international trade with negative repercussions for global economy and breed volatility that imperils international peace and security.","start":3970.473,"end":3984.309,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":3970.473,"end":3970.715},{"text":"disruptions","start":3970.715,"end":3971.455},{"text":"to","start":3971.697,"end":3971.81},{"text":"the","start":3971.81,"end":3971.858},{"text":"routine","start":3971.858,"end":3972.297},{"text":"traffic","start":3972.394,"end":3972.914},{"text":"at","start":3972.914,"end":3973.028},{"text":"sea","start":3973.076,"end":3973.401},{"text":"gravely","start":3973.466,"end":3973.921},{"text":"impact","start":3973.954,"end":3975.87},{"text":"international","start":3975.279,"end":3975.796},{"text":"trade","start":3975.845,"end":3976.2},{"text":"with","start":3976.33,"end":3976.523},{"text":"negative","start":3976.572,"end":3977.024},{"text":"repercussions","start":3977.121,"end":3977.832},{"text":"for","start":3977.929,"end":3978.156},{"text":"global","start":3978.172,"end":3978.447},{"text":"economy","start":3978.495,"end":3978.964},{"text":"and","start":3980.046,"end":3980.208},{"text":"breed","start":3980.289,"end":3980.661},{"text":"volatility","start":3980.693,"end":3981.388},{"text":"that","start":3981.646,"end":3981.776},{"text":"imperils","start":3981.905,"end":3982.519},{"text":"international","start":3982.632,"end":3983.295},{"text":"peace","start":3983.359,"end":3983.57},{"text":"and","start":3983.57,"end":3983.682},{"text":"security.","start":3983.682,"end":3984.309}]},{"text":"Closure of the Strait of Hormuz and its cascading effects on food and energy security and supply chain disruption is a case in point.","start":3985.514,"end":3996.566,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Closure","start":3985.514,"end":3986.029},{"text":"of","start":3986.398,"end":3986.463},{"text":"the","start":3986.559,"end":3986.639},{"text":"Strait","start":3986.639,"end":3986.961},{"text":"of","start":3986.961,"end":3987.025},{"text":"Hormuz","start":3987.122,"end":3987.507},{"text":"and","start":3988.584,"end":3988.761},{"text":"its","start":3988.809,"end":3989.066},{"text":"cascading","start":3989.307,"end":3989.983},{"text":"effects","start":3990.175,"end":3990.658},{"text":"on","start":3990.658,"end":3990.722},{"text":"food","start":3990.899,"end":3991.236},{"text":"and","start":3991.236,"end":3991.317},{"text":"energy","start":3991.317,"end":3991.718},{"text":"security","start":3991.718,"end":3992.329},{"text":"and","start":3993.319,"end":3993.4},{"text":"supply","start":3993.481,"end":3993.855},{"text":"chain","start":3993.985,"end":3994.196},{"text":"disruption","start":3994.309,"end":3994.894},{"text":"is","start":3995.43,"end":3995.527},{"text":"a","start":3995.527,"end":3995.543},{"text":"case","start":3995.608,"end":3995.933},{"text":"in","start":3995.933,"end":3995.982},{"text":"point.","start":3996.177,"end":3996.566}]},{"text":"And if this crisis persists, the first-order impacts, that is the issues related to the procurement of oil and gas and essential commodities such as the fertilizers and their pricing trends, will increasingly translate into second and third-order impacts on inflation, on growth, current account and balance of payment issues No doubt developing countries will be the most affected.","start":3998.271,"end":4035.042,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3998.271,"end":3998.352},{"text":"if","start":3998.385,"end":3998.482},{"text":"this","start":3998.693,"end":3998.888},{"text":"crisis","start":3999.245,"end":3999.716},{"text":"persists,","start":4000.074,"end":4000.544},{"text":"the","start":4001.136,"end":4001.232},{"text":"first-order","start":4001.232,"end":4002.017},{"text":"impacts,","start":4002.017,"end":4002.594},{"text":"that","start":4003.62,"end":4003.78},{"text":"is","start":4003.78,"end":4003.844},{"text":"the","start":4003.876,"end":4003.956},{"text":"issues","start":4004.036,"end":4004.405},{"text":"related","start":4004.453,"end":4004.966},{"text":"to","start":4004.998,"end":4005.126},{"text":"the","start":4005.142,"end":4005.302},{"text":"procurement","start":4005.302,"end":4006.039},{"text":"of","start":4006.039,"end":4006.167},{"text":"oil","start":4006.36,"end":4006.536},{"text":"and","start":4006.584,"end":4006.744},{"text":"gas","start":4006.744,"end":4007.177},{"text":"and","start":4008.667,"end":4008.811},{"text":"essential","start":4008.923,"end":4009.484},{"text":"commodities","start":4009.484,"end":4010.173},{"text":"such","start":4010.526,"end":4010.734},{"text":"as","start":4010.91,"end":4011.054},{"text":"the","start":4011.15,"end":4011.247},{"text":"fertilizers","start":4011.247,"end":4012.016},{"text":"and","start":4013.313,"end":4013.554},{"text":"their","start":4013.554,"end":4013.986},{"text":"pricing","start":4014.131,"end":4014.499},{"text":"trends,","start":4014.611,"end":4015.06},{"text":"will","start":4016.133,"end":4016.31},{"text":"increasingly","start":4016.358,"end":4017.079},{"text":"translate","start":4017.079,"end":4017.736},{"text":"into","start":4017.736,"end":4018.04},{"text":"second","start":4018.377,"end":4018.905},{"text":"and","start":4019.322,"end":4019.466},{"text":"third-order","start":4019.963,"end":4020.46},{"text":"impacts","start":4020.54,"end":4021.277},{"text":"on","start":4022.046,"end":4022.174},{"text":"inflation,","start":4022.543,"end":4023.151},{"text":"on","start":4024.61,"end":4024.754},{"text":"growth,","start":4024.786,"end":4025.266},{"text":"current","start":4025.987,"end":4026.324},{"text":"account","start":4026.324,"end":4026.773},{"text":"and","start":4026.773,"end":4026.949},{"text":"balance","start":4026.949,"end":4027.365},{"text":"of","start":4027.365,"end":4027.478},{"text":"payment","start":4027.51,"end":4028.038},{"text":"issues","start":4028.151,"end":4028.519},{"text":"No","start":4030.101,"end":4030.263},{"text":"doubt","start":4030.263,"end":4030.7},{"text":"developing","start":4031.737,"end":4032.207},{"text":"countries","start":4032.288,"end":4032.839},{"text":"will","start":4033.519,"end":4033.729},{"text":"be","start":4033.746,"end":4033.794},{"text":"the","start":4033.827,"end":4033.924},{"text":"most","start":4033.924,"end":4034.458},{"text":"affected.","start":4034.556,"end":4035.042}]},{"text":"Most significantly, these developments have brought home the point that resilience of global governance architecture and strategic stability are now being tested by the safety and openness of maritime waterways.","start":4037.912,"end":4054.938,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Most","start":4037.912,"end":4038.154},{"text":"significantly,","start":4038.154,"end":4039.093},{"text":"these","start":4040.516,"end":4040.694},{"text":"developments","start":4040.759,"end":4041.648},{"text":"have","start":4041.94,"end":4042.247},{"text":"brought","start":4042.441,"end":4042.764},{"text":"home","start":4042.764,"end":4043.072},{"text":"the","start":4043.072,"end":4043.169},{"text":"point","start":4043.169,"end":4043.525},{"text":"that","start":4043.8,"end":4044.366},{"text":"resilience","start":4044.366,"end":4044.9},{"text":"of","start":4045.902,"end":4046.064},{"text":"global","start":4046.242,"end":4046.63},{"text":"governance","start":4046.647,"end":4047.148},{"text":"architecture","start":4047.196,"end":4047.94},{"text":"and","start":4047.94,"end":4048.102},{"text":"strategic","start":4048.102,"end":4048.683},{"text":"stability","start":4048.683,"end":4049.362},{"text":"are","start":4049.637,"end":4049.734},{"text":"now","start":4049.734,"end":4049.879},{"text":"being","start":4050.041,"end":4050.17},{"text":"tested","start":4050.283,"end":4050.865},{"text":"by","start":4051.738,"end":4051.9},{"text":"the","start":4051.9,"end":4051.996},{"text":"safety","start":4051.996,"end":4052.514},{"text":"and","start":4052.611,"end":4052.772},{"text":"openness","start":4052.772,"end":4053.386},{"text":"of","start":4053.58,"end":4053.661},{"text":"maritime","start":4053.904,"end":4054.437},{"text":"waterways.","start":4054.566,"end":4054.938}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":4055.376,"end":4057.159,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4055.376,"end":4055.601},{"text":"you,","start":4055.794,"end":4055.842},{"text":"Mr.","start":4055.858,"end":4056.404},{"text":"President.","start":4056.597,"end":4057.159}]},{"text":"As a littoral state of the Indian Ocean region with proximity to global maritime chokepoints and overwhelming reliance on seaborne trade, Pakistan is fully cognizant of the paramount importance of safety and protection of global waterways.","start":4057.801,"end":4075.19,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4057.801,"end":4057.849},{"text":"a","start":4058.026,"end":4058.122},{"text":"littoral","start":4058.186,"end":4058.78},{"text":"state","start":4059.101,"end":4059.631},{"text":"of","start":4059.631,"end":4059.744},{"text":"the","start":4059.792,"end":4059.888},{"text":"Indian","start":4059.888,"end":4060.177},{"text":"Ocean","start":4060.193,"end":4060.418},{"text":"region","start":4060.595,"end":4060.819},{"text":"with","start":4061.076,"end":4061.157},{"text":"proximity","start":4061.333,"end":4062.104},{"text":"to","start":4062.313,"end":4062.473},{"text":"global","start":4062.698,"end":4063.099},{"text":"maritime","start":4063.099,"end":4063.71},{"text":"chokepoints","start":4063.902,"end":4064.801},{"text":"and","start":4065.652,"end":4065.877},{"text":"overwhelming","start":4065.973,"end":4066.503},{"text":"reliance","start":4066.616,"end":4067.113},{"text":"on","start":4067.113,"end":4067.242},{"text":"seaborne","start":4067.274,"end":4067.804},{"text":"trade,","start":4067.916,"end":4068.318},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4068.462,"end":4068.912},{"text":"is","start":4069.024,"end":4069.088},{"text":"fully","start":4069.201,"end":4069.442},{"text":"cognizant","start":4069.506,"end":4070.212},{"text":"of","start":4071.031,"end":4071.176},{"text":"the","start":4071.208,"end":4071.288},{"text":"paramount","start":4071.368,"end":4071.85},{"text":"importance","start":4071.85,"end":4072.492},{"text":"of","start":4072.492,"end":4072.621},{"text":"safety","start":4072.653,"end":4073.183},{"text":"and","start":4073.215,"end":4073.327},{"text":"protection","start":4073.375,"end":4073.985},{"text":"of","start":4074.001,"end":4074.146},{"text":"global","start":4074.242,"end":4074.515},{"text":"waterways.","start":4074.579,"end":4075.19}]},{"text":"Like many developing countries from the region and beyond, Pakistan is concerned, and is directly impacted by the closure of Strait of Hormuz.","start":4076.265,"end":4087.02,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Like","start":4076.265,"end":4076.442},{"text":"many","start":4076.49,"end":4076.747},{"text":"developing","start":4076.747,"end":4077.148},{"text":"countries","start":4077.229,"end":4077.678},{"text":"from","start":4077.694,"end":4077.839},{"text":"the","start":4077.871,"end":4077.967},{"text":"region","start":4077.967,"end":4078.321},{"text":"and","start":4078.577,"end":4078.834},{"text":"beyond,","start":4078.834,"end":4079.364},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4079.637,"end":4080.119},{"text":"is","start":4080.119,"end":4080.247},{"text":"concerned,","start":4080.279,"end":4082.19},{"text":"and","start":4082.19,"end":4082.19},{"text":"is","start":4082.19,"end":4082.57},{"text":"directly","start":4082.57,"end":4083.07},{"text":"impacted","start":4083.07,"end":4083.75},{"text":"by","start":4083.75,"end":4084.31},{"text":"the","start":4084.31,"end":4084.41},{"text":"closure","start":4084.41,"end":4084.97},{"text":"of","start":4084.97,"end":4085.51},{"text":"Strait","start":4085.51,"end":4085.61},{"text":"of","start":4085.61,"end":4085.77},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":4085.77,"end":4087.02}]},{"text":"It is particularly also with this realization that Pakistan, supported by our partners and brotherly countries including China, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Egypt and others, has spearheaded constructive diplomatic efforts for de-escalation.","start":4087.57,"end":4108.79,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4087.57,"end":4087.63},{"text":"is","start":4087.63,"end":4087.87},{"text":"particularly","start":4087.87,"end":4088.49},{"text":"also","start":4088.49,"end":4089.81},{"text":"with","start":4089.81,"end":4090.09},{"text":"this","start":4090.09,"end":4090.37},{"text":"realization","start":4090.37,"end":4091.03},{"text":"that","start":4091.03,"end":4091.43},{"text":"Pakistan,","start":4091.43,"end":4092.43},{"text":"supported","start":4093.45,"end":4093.77},{"text":"by","start":4093.77,"end":4094.43},{"text":"our","start":4094.43,"end":4095.09},{"text":"partners","start":4095.09,"end":4095.35},{"text":"and","start":4095.35,"end":4095.73},{"text":"brotherly","start":4095.73,"end":4096.23},{"text":"countries","start":4096.23,"end":4096.87},{"text":"including","start":4096.87,"end":4098.07},{"text":"China,","start":4098.07,"end":4099.57},{"text":"Saudi","start":4099.57,"end":4099.69},{"text":"Arabia,","start":4099.69,"end":4100.43},{"text":"Türkiye,","start":4100.43,"end":4101.43},{"text":"and","start":4101.43,"end":4101.65},{"text":"Egypt","start":4101.65,"end":4102.07},{"text":"and","start":4102.07,"end":4102.91},{"text":"others,","start":4102.91,"end":4104.85},{"text":"has","start":4104.85,"end":4105.05},{"text":"spearheaded","start":4105.05,"end":4105.63},{"text":"constructive","start":4105.63,"end":4106.39},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4106.39,"end":4107.05},{"text":"efforts","start":4107.05,"end":4107.63},{"text":"for","start":4107.63,"end":4107.97},{"text":"de-escalation.","start":4107.97,"end":4108.79}]},{"text":"And broader pursuit of stability between the United States and Iran.","start":4109.924,"end":4114.361,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4109.924,"end":4110.135},{"text":"broader","start":4110.329,"end":4110.718},{"text":"pursuit","start":4110.734,"end":4111.301},{"text":"of","start":4111.301,"end":4111.446},{"text":"stability","start":4111.463,"end":4112.046},{"text":"between","start":4112.596,"end":4113.001},{"text":"the","start":4113.001,"end":4113.082},{"text":"United","start":4113.082,"end":4113.47},{"text":"States","start":4113.487,"end":4113.859},{"text":"and","start":4113.908,"end":4114.086},{"text":"Iran.","start":4114.086,"end":4114.361}]},{"text":"In its ongoing efforts to facilitate an enduring resolution of this crisis, Pakistan remains firm in its faith in diplomacy and dialogue, and will continue to resolutely undertake all possible mayors towards that end.","start":4115.446,"end":4131.717,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":4133.751,"end":4134.219},{"text":"in","start":4134.235,"end":4134.364},{"text":"today's","start":4134.397,"end":4134.687},{"text":"interconnected","start":4134.8,"end":4135.494},{"text":"world,","start":4135.591,"end":4135.898},{"text":"The","start":4136.285,"end":4136.382},{"text":"imperative","start":4136.382,"end":4137.072},{"text":"of","start":4137.249,"end":4137.393},{"text":"safety","start":4137.441,"end":4137.987},{"text":"of","start":4137.987,"end":4138.116},{"text":"maritime","start":4138.148,"end":4138.582},{"text":"spaces","start":4138.63,"end":4139.16},{"text":"extends","start":4139.352,"end":4139.882},{"text":"well","start":4140.075,"end":4140.38},{"text":"beyond","start":4140.396,"end":4140.926},{"text":"securing","start":4140.974,"end":4141.536},{"text":"trade","start":4141.664,"end":4142.002},{"text":"routes","start":4142.002,"end":4142.499},{"text":"and","start":4143.19,"end":4143.254},{"text":"combating","start":4143.366,"end":4143.977},{"text":"piracy.","start":4144.089,"end":4144.619}]},{"text":"It encompasses plethora of challenges, including climate change and environmental preservation, protection of critical coastal and underwater digital infrastructure, and safeguarding human rights at sea.","start":4145.357,"end":4161.109,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4145.357,"end":4145.502},{"text":"encompasses","start":4145.534,"end":4146.224},{"text":"plethora","start":4146.658,"end":4147.284},{"text":"of","start":4148.087,"end":4148.199},{"text":"challenges,","start":4148.248,"end":4148.713},{"text":"including","start":4148.906,"end":4149.516},{"text":"climate","start":4149.612,"end":4149.95},{"text":"change","start":4149.95,"end":4150.415},{"text":"and","start":4150.415,"end":4150.528},{"text":"environmental","start":4150.592,"end":4151.298},{"text":"preservation,","start":4151.314,"end":4151.925},{"text":"protection","start":4152.358,"end":4152.968},{"text":"of","start":4153.803,"end":4153.932},{"text":"critical","start":4154.044,"end":4154.574},{"text":"coastal","start":4154.751,"end":4155.473},{"text":"and","start":4155.489,"end":4155.553},{"text":"underwater","start":4155.73,"end":4156.372},{"text":"digital","start":4156.372,"end":4156.87},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":4156.918,"end":4157.753},{"text":"and","start":4158.845,"end":4158.909},{"text":"safeguarding","start":4158.957,"end":4159.696},{"text":"human","start":4159.905,"end":4160.194},{"text":"rights","start":4160.226,"end":4160.708},{"text":"at","start":4160.772,"end":4160.932},{"text":"sea.","start":4160.932,"end":4161.109}]},{"text":"Confronting these challenges necessitates collective and coordinated action firmly anchored in international law, as well as dialogue and diplomacy.","start":4162.365,"end":4173.426,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Confronting","start":4162.365,"end":4162.946},{"text":"these","start":4163.011,"end":4163.237},{"text":"challenges","start":4163.237,"end":4163.705},{"text":"necessitates","start":4163.802,"end":4164.738},{"text":"collective","start":4164.867,"end":4165.4},{"text":"and","start":4165.513,"end":4165.594},{"text":"coordinated","start":4165.674,"end":4166.385},{"text":"action","start":4166.385,"end":4166.691},{"text":"firmly","start":4167.837,"end":4168.305},{"text":"anchored","start":4168.402,"end":4168.838},{"text":"in","start":4168.903,"end":4168.951},{"text":"international","start":4169.064,"end":4169.677},{"text":"law,","start":4169.71,"end":4169.807},{"text":"as","start":4170.775,"end":4170.888},{"text":"well","start":4171.6,"end":4171.732},{"text":"as","start":4171.782,"end":4171.849},{"text":"dialogue","start":4172.048,"end":4172.563},{"text":"and","start":4172.613,"end":4172.712},{"text":"diplomacy.","start":4172.712,"end":4173.426}]},{"text":"Since its adoption, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea has served as one of the most important pillars of international maritime order.","start":4174.54,"end":4184.294,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":4174.54,"end":4174.814},{"text":"its","start":4174.814,"end":4175.088},{"text":"adoption,","start":4175.088,"end":4175.62},{"text":"the","start":4176.9,"end":4176.997},{"text":"UN","start":4176.997,"end":4177.304},{"text":"Convention","start":4177.644,"end":4178.275},{"text":"on","start":4178.372,"end":4178.42},{"text":"the","start":4178.469,"end":4178.615},{"text":"Law","start":4178.615,"end":4178.712},{"text":"of","start":4178.793,"end":4178.841},{"text":"the","start":4178.954,"end":4179.035},{"text":"Sea","start":4179.035,"end":4179.359},{"text":"has","start":4180.152,"end":4180.297},{"text":"served","start":4180.346,"end":4180.734},{"text":"as","start":4180.734,"end":4180.864},{"text":"one","start":4180.896,"end":4181.009},{"text":"of","start":4181.074,"end":4181.187},{"text":"the","start":4181.22,"end":4181.3},{"text":"most","start":4181.3,"end":4181.64},{"text":"important","start":4181.64,"end":4182.271},{"text":"pillars","start":4182.271,"end":4182.563},{"text":"of","start":4182.676,"end":4182.805},{"text":"international","start":4182.854,"end":4183.452},{"text":"maritime","start":4183.469,"end":4183.954},{"text":"order.","start":4184.051,"end":4184.294}]},{"text":"The legal order established by UNCLOS and the larger body of the law of the sea must be protected and promoted universally.","start":4185.516,"end":4194.426,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4185.516,"end":4185.664},{"text":"legal","start":4185.664,"end":4186.075},{"text":"order","start":4186.075,"end":4186.354},{"text":"established","start":4186.354,"end":4186.928},{"text":"by","start":4186.977,"end":4187.24},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":4187.24,"end":4187.7},{"text":"and","start":4188.186,"end":4188.25},{"text":"the","start":4188.282,"end":4188.426},{"text":"larger","start":4188.426,"end":4188.843},{"text":"body","start":4188.907,"end":4189.212},{"text":"of","start":4189.309,"end":4189.421},{"text":"the","start":4189.421,"end":4189.501},{"text":"law","start":4189.629,"end":4189.742},{"text":"of","start":4189.806,"end":4189.934},{"text":"the","start":4189.966,"end":4190.047},{"text":"sea","start":4190.047,"end":4190.383},{"text":"must","start":4190.672,"end":4190.945},{"text":"be","start":4191.009,"end":4191.154},{"text":"protected","start":4191.154,"end":4191.779},{"text":"and","start":4192.678,"end":4192.918},{"text":"promoted","start":4192.918,"end":4193.544},{"text":"universally.","start":4193.72,"end":4194.426}]},{"text":"Pakistan has also remained a committed and responsible partner in the international efforts to strengthen maritime security.","start":4195.421,"end":4202.929,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":4195.421,"end":4195.806},{"text":"has","start":4195.806,"end":4195.966},{"text":"also","start":4195.966,"end":4196.271},{"text":"remained","start":4196.303,"end":4196.769},{"text":"a","start":4196.769,"end":4196.849},{"text":"committed","start":4196.849,"end":4197.346},{"text":"and","start":4197.346,"end":4197.491},{"text":"responsible","start":4197.491,"end":4198.212},{"text":"partner","start":4198.229,"end":4198.694},{"text":"in","start":4199.528,"end":4199.64},{"text":"the","start":4199.672,"end":4199.753},{"text":"international","start":4199.753,"end":4200.458},{"text":"efforts","start":4200.539,"end":4200.876},{"text":"to","start":4200.876,"end":4201.02},{"text":"strengthen","start":4201.02,"end":4201.646},{"text":"maritime","start":4201.678,"end":4202.239},{"text":"security.","start":4202.239,"end":4202.929}]},{"text":"Earlier this year, Pakistan assumed the command of Combined Task Force 150 for conducting maritime security operations outside the Arabian Gulf to protect commercial shipping.","start":4203.747,"end":4216.568,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"Earlier","start":4203.747,"end":4204.084},{"text":"this","start":4204.084,"end":4204.213},{"text":"year,","start":4204.309,"end":4204.582},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4204.646,"end":4205.095},{"text":"assumed","start":4205.143,"end":4205.528},{"text":"the","start":4205.528,"end":4205.672},{"text":"command","start":4205.672,"end":4206.074},{"text":"of","start":4206.074,"end":4206.218},{"text":"Combined","start":4206.25,"end":4206.86},{"text":"Task","start":4207.052,"end":4207.309},{"text":"Force","start":4207.437,"end":4207.79},{"text":"150","start":4207.935,"end":4209.747},{"text":"for","start":4210.245,"end":4210.325},{"text":"conducting","start":4210.405,"end":4210.919},{"text":"maritime","start":4210.983,"end":4211.528},{"text":"security","start":4211.528,"end":4212.026},{"text":"operations","start":4212.106,"end":4212.715},{"text":"outside","start":4212.892,"end":4213.261},{"text":"the","start":4213.309,"end":4213.405},{"text":"Arabian","start":4213.405,"end":4213.838},{"text":"Gulf","start":4213.871,"end":4214.288},{"text":"to","start":4214.898,"end":4214.962},{"text":"protect","start":4215.074,"end":4215.701},{"text":"commercial","start":4215.701,"end":4216.214},{"text":"shipping.","start":4216.214,"end":4216.568}]},{"text":"And last year, Pakistan also commanded CTF-151, tasked to suppress piracy and to ensure free flow of maritime trade.","start":4217.082,"end":4227.727,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4217.082,"end":4217.146},{"text":"last","start":4217.242,"end":4217.627},{"text":"year,","start":4217.627,"end":4217.884},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4218.671,"end":4219.089},{"text":"also","start":4219.089,"end":4219.41},{"text":"commanded","start":4219.41,"end":4219.94},{"text":"CTF-151,","start":4219.972,"end":4221.449},{"text":"tasked","start":4222.701,"end":4223.151},{"text":"to","start":4223.328,"end":4223.424},{"text":"suppress","start":4223.424,"end":4223.922},{"text":"piracy","start":4224.146,"end":4224.676},{"text":"and","start":4225.03,"end":4225.094},{"text":"to","start":4225.19,"end":4225.27},{"text":"ensure","start":4225.27,"end":4225.752},{"text":"free","start":4225.752,"end":4226.105},{"text":"flow","start":4226.137,"end":4226.475},{"text":"of","start":4226.732,"end":4226.812},{"text":"maritime","start":4226.892,"end":4227.31},{"text":"trade.","start":4227.502,"end":4227.727}]},{"text":"We have also launched our own regional maritime security patrols to ensure a safe and secure environment in the seas.","start":4228.883,"end":4236.558,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and 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the global Governance order is coming under increasing strain with wide-ranging consequences.","start":4238.035,"end":4246.034,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":4238.035,"end":4238.597},{"text":"the","start":4238.822,"end":4238.87},{"text":"global","start":4238.919,"end":4239.368},{"text":"Governance","start":4240.203,"end":4240.701},{"text":"order","start":4240.83,"end":4241.087},{"text":"is","start":4241.167,"end":4241.215},{"text":"coming","start":4241.327,"end":4241.617},{"text":"under","start":4241.713,"end":4241.89},{"text":"increasing","start":4241.986,"end":4242.5},{"text":"strain","start":4242.596,"end":4242.837},{"text":"with","start":4243.737,"end":4244.106},{"text":"wide-ranging","start":4244.443,"end":4245.07},{"text":"consequences.","start":4245.166,"end":4246.034}]},{"text":"Even international waterways have not been able to escape these impacts.","start":4247.174,"end":4252.169,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Even","start":4247.174,"end":4247.383},{"text":"international","start":4247.575,"end":4248.202},{"text":"waterways","start":4248.218,"end":4248.764},{"text":"have","start":4248.796,"end":4248.973},{"text":"not","start":4249.021,"end":4249.262},{"text":"been","start":4249.262,"end":4249.358},{"text":"able","start":4249.422,"end":4249.728},{"text":"to","start":4249.744,"end":4249.84},{"text":"escape","start":4249.84,"end":4250.242},{"text":"these","start":4251.205,"end":4251.414},{"text":"impacts.","start":4251.607,"end":4252.169}]},{"text":"The rules and norms that we had collectively and painstakingly put in place to precisely avoid such contestations and confrontations are being challenged or put 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is an untenable situation whose prolongation would only further undermine international peace and security and sustainable development to the detriment of us all, and most consequentially, it will erode trust in the rules-based order.","start":4268.874,"end":4288.156,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4268.874,"end":4269.099},{"text":"is","start":4269.099,"end":4269.196},{"text":"an","start":4269.196,"end":4269.34},{"text":"untenable","start":4269.34,"end":4269.999},{"text":"situation","start":4269.999,"end":4270.61},{"text":"whose","start":4271.108,"end":4271.333},{"text":"prolongation","start":4271.525,"end":4272.457},{"text":"would","start":4273.839,"end":4274},{"text":"only","start":4274.08,"end":4274.337},{"text":"further","start":4274.402,"end":4274.803},{"text":"undermine","start":4274.884,"end":4275.334},{"text":"international","start":4275.398,"end":4276.025},{"text":"peace","start":4276.025,"end":4276.266},{"text":"and","start":4276.266,"end":4276.362},{"text":"security","start":4276.362,"end":4277.037},{"text":"and","start":4277.374,"end":4277.551},{"text":"sustainable","start":4277.551,"end":4278.258},{"text":"development","start":4278.274,"end":4279.158},{"text":"to","start":4280.122,"end":4280.202},{"text":"the","start":4280.218,"end":4280.347},{"text":"detriment","start":4280.363,"end":4281.15},{"text":"of","start":4281.231,"end":4281.311},{"text":"us","start":4281.488,"end":4281.6},{"text":"all,","start":4281.793,"end":4281.986},{"text":"and","start":4282.853,"end":4282.918},{"text":"most","start":4283.014,"end":4283.271},{"text":"consequentially,","start":4283.319,"end":4284.267},{"text":"it","start":4285.264,"end":4285.408},{"text":"will","start":4285.424,"end":4285.521},{"text":"erode","start":4285.665,"end":4286.115},{"text":"trust","start":4286.388,"end":4286.854},{"text":"in","start":4286.871,"end":4286.919},{"text":"the","start":4287.031,"end":4287.095},{"text":"rules-based","start":4287.095,"end":4287.819},{"text":"order.","start":4287.899,"end":4288.156}]},{"text":"As a maritime state with unwavering faith in international law and diplomacy.","start":4289.441,"end":4293.912,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4289.441,"end":4289.522},{"text":"a","start":4289.522,"end":4289.586},{"text":"maritime","start":4289.586,"end":4290.036},{"text":"state","start":4290.084,"end":4290.486},{"text":"with","start":4290.486,"end":4290.711},{"text":"unwavering","start":4290.791,"end":4291.337},{"text":"faith","start":4291.434,"end":4291.739},{"text":"in","start":4291.852,"end":4291.9},{"text":"international","start":4292.013,"end":4292.544},{"text":"law","start":4292.721,"end":4292.817},{"text":"and","start":4293.059,"end":4293.123},{"text":"diplomacy.","start":4293.22,"end":4293.912}]},{"text":"Pakistan would continue to engage with the Secretary-General, the Security Council, and with all like-minded countries for preserving the hard-won gains, both in the gentle tides of peace and amity and amid the rising storms of conflict and conflagration.","start":4294.829,"end":4315.473,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and 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is a sacred trust that history has placed upon us all, and we cannot afford to 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statement.","start":4330.184,"end":4333.723,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4330.184,"end":4330.233},{"text":"thank","start":4330.281,"end":4330.506},{"text":"the","start":4330.506,"end":4330.715},{"text":"representative","start":4331.005,"end":4331.777},{"text":"of","start":4331.889,"end":4332.018},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4332.05,"end":4332.661},{"text":"for","start":4332.854,"end":4333.031},{"text":"the","start":4333.031,"end":4333.128},{"text":"statement.","start":4333.16,"end":4333.723}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of the United States.","start":4334.821,"end":4338.274,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4334.821,"end":4334.918},{"text":"now","start":4334.918,"end":4335.08},{"text":"give","start":4335.209,"end":4335.322},{"text":"the","start":4335.37,"end":4335.467},{"text":"floor","start":4335.467,"end":4335.806},{"text":"to","start":4336.031,"end":4336.177},{"text":"the","start":4336.177,"end":4336.37},{"text":"representative","start":4336.435,"end":4337.209},{"text":"of","start":4337.322,"end":4337.467},{"text":"the","start":4337.467,"end":4337.548},{"text":"United","start":4337.548,"end":4337.951},{"text":"States.","start":4337.951,"end":4338.274}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":4338.919,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=4339","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, uh, Foreign Minister Al-Ziyani, uh, for convening today's critical debate.","start":4338.919,"end":4345.658,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4338.919,"end":4339.161},{"text":"you,","start":4339.161,"end":4339.355},{"text":"uh,","start":4339.887,"end":4339.936},{"text":"Foreign","start":4340.145,"end":4340.371},{"text":"Minister","start":4340.452,"end":4340.775},{"text":"Al-Ziyani,","start":4340.855,"end":4341.404},{"text":"uh,","start":4342.646,"end":4342.662},{"text":"for","start":4342.807,"end":4342.969},{"text":"convening","start":4343.049,"end":4343.582},{"text":"today's","start":4343.679,"end":4344.421},{"text":"critical","start":4344.766,"end":4345.171},{"text":"debate.","start":4345.171,"end":4345.658}]},{"text":"Thank you, Secretary General— IMO Secretary General Dominguez.","start":4346.209,"end":4350.245,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4346.209,"end":4346.533},{"text":"you,","start":4346.533,"end":4346.614},{"text":"Secretary","start":4346.63,"end":4347.327},{"text":"General—","start":4347.359,"end":4347.878},{"text":"IMO","start":4348.089,"end":4348.413},{"text":"Secretary","start":4348.413,"end":4349.045},{"text":"General","start":4349.045,"end":4349.369},{"text":"Dominguez.","start":4349.467,"end":4350.245}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Childs, for your briefings.","start":4350.601,"end":4352.108,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4350.601,"end":4350.763},{"text":"you,","start":4350.763,"end":4350.828},{"text":"Mr.","start":4350.844,"end":4351.023},{"text":"Childs,","start":4351.087,"end":4351.493},{"text":"for","start":4351.541,"end":4351.622},{"text":"your","start":4351.622,"end":4351.736},{"text":"briefings.","start":4351.736,"end":4352.108}]},{"text":"Colleagues, the world's critical waterways are not— are not bargaining chips that belong to any one country.","start":4353.19,"end":4362.555,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4362.828,"end":4362.925},{"text":"now","start":4362.925,"end":4363.182},{"text":"maritime","start":4364.756,"end":4365.19},{"text":"transit","start":4365.238,"end":4365.624},{"text":"routes,","start":4365.656,"end":4366.218},{"text":"which","start":4367.664,"end":4367.793},{"text":"are","start":4367.889,"end":4367.937},{"text":"truly","start":4367.985,"end":4368.387},{"text":"the","start":4369.512,"end":4369.592},{"text":"arteries","start":4369.753,"end":4370.315},{"text":"of","start":4370.315,"end":4370.444},{"text":"global","start":4370.476,"end":4370.781},{"text":"commerce","start":4370.861,"end":4371.391},{"text":"that","start":4371.681,"end":4372.195},{"text":"roughly","start":4372.136,"end":4372.475},{"text":"80%","start":4372.861,"end":4373.168},{"text":"of","start":4374.005,"end":4374.15},{"text":"global","start":4374.15,"end":4374.489},{"text":"trade","start":4374.489,"end":4374.94},{"text":"by","start":4374.956,"end":4375.133},{"text":"volume","start":4375.133,"end":4375.697},{"text":"moves","start":4375.697,"end":4375.987},{"text":"through","start":4376.1,"end":4376.278},{"text":"such","start":4376.278,"end":4376.632},{"text":"waterways.","start":4376.729,"end":4377.438}]},{"text":"They are too vital, they're too important to all of us collectively as a global community to be choked off, to be mined, to be weaponized, to be attacked like two-bit pirates.","start":4378.18,"end":4393.216,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. 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These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4378.18,"end":4378.276},{"text":"are","start":4378.292,"end":4378.486},{"text":"too","start":4378.534,"end":4378.711},{"text":"vital,","start":4379.098,"end":4379.371},{"text":"they're","start":4379.645,"end":4379.774},{"text":"too","start":4379.822,"end":4379.951},{"text":"important","start":4380.048,"end":4380.579},{"text":"to","start":4380.628,"end":4380.756},{"text":"all","start":4380.934,"end":4380.982},{"text":"of","start":4381.111,"end":4381.191},{"text":"us","start":4381.191,"end":4381.32},{"text":"collectively","start":4381.658,"end":4382.206},{"text":"as","start":4382.238,"end":4382.286},{"text":"a","start":4382.399,"end":4382.415},{"text":"global","start":4382.48,"end":4382.786},{"text":"community","start":4382.802,"end":4383.333},{"text":"to","start":4384.026,"end":4384.138},{"text":"be","start":4384.171,"end":4384.332},{"text":"choked","start":4384.332,"end":4384.799},{"text":"off,","start":4384.799,"end":4385.04},{"text":"to","start":4385.362,"end":4385.427},{"text":"be","start":4385.459,"end":4385.636},{"text":"mined,","start":4385.636,"end":4386.345},{"text":"to","start":4386.586,"end":4386.667},{"text":"be","start":4386.667,"end":4386.828},{"text":"weaponized,","start":4386.892,"end":4387.295},{"text":"to","start":4390.109,"end":4390.271},{"text":"be","start":4390.352,"end":4390.546},{"text":"attacked","start":4390.756,"end":4391.322},{"text":"like","start":4392.132,"end":4392.293},{"text":"two-bit","start":4392.309,"end":4392.649},{"text":"pirates.","start":4392.763,"end":4393.216}]},{"text":"Because when they are, the entire world pays the price.","start":4394.72,"end":4399.719,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":4394.72,"end":4395.173},{"text":"when","start":4395.287,"end":4395.416},{"text":"they","start":4395.448,"end":4395.529},{"text":"are,","start":4395.756,"end":4396.031},{"text":"the","start":4396.905,"end":4397.05},{"text":"entire","start":4397.05,"end":4397.503},{"text":"world","start":4397.922,"end":4398.451},{"text":"pays","start":4399.029,"end":4399.254},{"text":"the","start":4399.286,"end":4399.43},{"text":"price.","start":4399.43,"end":4399.719}]},{"text":"And the world is paying.","start":4399.847,"end":4400.698,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4399.847,"end":4399.911},{"text":"the","start":4399.911,"end":4399.992},{"text":"world","start":4399.992,"end":4400.248},{"text":"is","start":4400.248,"end":4400.297},{"text":"paying.","start":4400.409,"end":4400.698}]},{"text":"Most countries, far more than the United States, they are paying for Iran's hostage-taking gambit in the Strait of Hormuz.","start":4401.692,"end":4411.288,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Most","start":4401.692,"end":4401.933},{"text":"countries,","start":4401.933,"end":4402.543},{"text":"far","start":4402.655,"end":4402.768},{"text":"more","start":4402.896,"end":4403.088},{"text":"than","start":4403.217,"end":4403.345},{"text":"the","start":4403.377,"end":4403.441},{"text":"United","start":4403.441,"end":4403.907},{"text":"States,","start":4403.939,"end":4404.452},{"text":"they","start":4405.206,"end":4405.367},{"text":"are","start":4405.367,"end":4405.415},{"text":"paying","start":4405.543,"end":4405.993},{"text":"for","start":4407.132,"end":4407.26},{"text":"Iran's","start":4407.373,"end":4408.03},{"text":"hostage-taking","start":4408.175,"end":4409.121},{"text":"gambit","start":4409.234,"end":4409.699},{"text":"in","start":4410.261,"end":4410.309},{"text":"the","start":4410.357,"end":4410.453},{"text":"Strait","start":4410.453,"end":4410.774},{"text":"of","start":4410.774,"end":4410.838},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":4410.838,"end":4411.288}]},{"text":"So let's take a moment and look at the numbers.","start":4411.881,"end":4413.534,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4411.881,"end":4412.042},{"text":"let's","start":4412.042,"end":4412.234},{"text":"take","start":4412.282,"end":4412.459},{"text":"a","start":4412.459,"end":4412.523},{"text":"moment","start":4412.523,"end":4412.732},{"text":"and","start":4412.732,"end":4412.812},{"text":"look","start":4412.844,"end":4413.02},{"text":"at","start":4413.02,"end":4413.085},{"text":"the","start":4413.085,"end":4413.181},{"text":"numbers.","start":4413.181,"end":4413.534}]},{"text":"The Strait of Hormuz typically sees 20 million barrels of oil per day, 40,000 vessels per year.","start":4413.646,"end":4421.139,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4413.646,"end":4413.678},{"text":"Strait","start":4413.726,"end":4414.112},{"text":"of","start":4414.112,"end":4414.192},{"text":"Hormuz","start":4414.192,"end":4414.657},{"text":"typically","start":4414.769,"end":4415.251},{"text":"sees","start":4415.251,"end":4415.54},{"text":"20","start":4415.636,"end":4415.989},{"text":"million","start":4415.989,"end":4416.566},{"text":"barrels","start":4416.919,"end":4417.305},{"text":"of","start":4417.561,"end":4417.738},{"text":"oil","start":4417.802,"end":4417.93},{"text":"per","start":4418.139,"end":4418.38},{"text":"day,","start":4418.38,"end":4418.572},{"text":"40,000","start":4419.102,"end":4420.032},{"text":"vessels","start":4420.145,"end":4420.514},{"text":"per","start":4420.626,"end":4420.867},{"text":"year.","start":4420.931,"end":4421.139}]},{"text":"And whether they're bound to heat homes in East Asia or to nourish crops in Central Africa.","start":4421.829,"end":4427.612,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4436.223,"end":4436.434},{"text":"all","start":4436.548,"end":4436.596},{"text":"transit","start":4436.872,"end":4437.262},{"text":"this","start":4437.359,"end":4437.457},{"text":"strait.","start":4437.457,"end":4437.781}]},{"text":"And closer to home, it's responsible for 75% of our Gulf States partners' economic output and over 50% of the broader region's food.","start":4439.323,"end":4450.166,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4660.513,"end":4660.674},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":4660.674,"end":4661.447},{"text":"these","start":4662.364,"end":4662.493},{"text":"two","start":4662.589,"end":4662.734},{"text":"countries","start":4662.75,"end":4663.217},{"text":"have","start":4663.233,"end":4663.378},{"text":"put","start":4663.394,"end":4663.635},{"text":"their","start":4664.262,"end":4664.486},{"text":"own","start":4664.486,"end":4664.55},{"text":"economic","start":4664.646,"end":4665.143},{"text":"interest","start":4665.143,"end":4665.56},{"text":"ahead","start":4665.56,"end":4665.8},{"text":"of","start":4665.8,"end":4665.928},{"text":"international","start":4665.928,"end":4666.425},{"text":"obligations.","start":4666.425,"end":4667.098}]},{"text":"Their companies and citizens supported the Iran-backed Houthis, in addition, uh, in waging a 2-year campaign of terror against shipping in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, which before this crisis was one of the most disruptive assaults on maritime commerce in recent history.","start":4667.146,"end":4690.784,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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colleagues, this Council must hold the Iranian regime to account for this blatant and occurring violation of international law, violations of the UN Charter, violations of binding Security Council sanctions, and violations of other measures that were snapped back into place in 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of its own nonproliferation obligations, as we just had a nonproliferation gathering here in the General Assembly, violations of its obligations under the Law of the Sea, violations of the law of war, violations of international humanitarian and human rights law.","start":4712.706,"end":4733.653,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Violations","start":4712.706,"end":4713.412},{"text":"of","start":4713.412,"end":4713.508},{"text":"its","start":4713.508,"end":4713.669},{"text":"own","start":4713.717,"end":4713.99},{"text":"nonproliferation","start":4714.038,"end":4715.161},{"text":"obligations,","start":4715.161,"end":4715.835},{"text":"as","start":4715.899,"end":4715.948},{"text":"we","start":4716.044,"end":4716.204},{"text":"just","start":4716.204,"end":4716.702},{"text":"had","start":4716.59,"end":4716.88},{"text":"a","start":4716.88,"end":4716.928},{"text":"nonproliferation","start":4716.928,"end":4718.185},{"text":"gathering","start":4718.878,"end":4719.41},{"text":"here","start":4719.587,"end":4719.877},{"text":"in","start":4720.006,"end":4720.054},{"text":"the","start":4720.087,"end":4720.232},{"text":"General","start":4720.232,"end":4720.538},{"text":"Assembly,","start":4720.747,"end":4721.263},{"text":"violations","start":4721.376,"end":4722.069},{"text":"of","start":4722.101,"end":4722.198},{"text":"its","start":4722.198,"end":4722.407},{"text":"obligations","start":4722.407,"end":4723.116},{"text":"under","start":4723.696,"end":4723.922},{"text":"the","start":4724.035,"end":4724.18},{"text":"Law","start":4724.196,"end":4724.309},{"text":"of","start":4724.679,"end":4724.728},{"text":"the","start":4724.76,"end":4724.97},{"text":"Sea,","start":4724.97,"end":4725.164},{"text":"violations","start":4726.053,"end":4726.797},{"text":"of","start":4727.346,"end":4727.427},{"text":"the","start":4727.427,"end":4727.573},{"text":"law","start":4727.573,"end":4727.702},{"text":"of","start":4727.993,"end":4728.09},{"text":"war,","start":4728.22,"end":4728.349},{"text":"violations","start":4728.575,"end":4729.335},{"text":"of","start":4729.448,"end":4729.545},{"text":"international","start":4729.675,"end":4730.289},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4730.499,"end":4731.356},{"text":"and","start":4731.793,"end":4731.858},{"text":"human","start":4731.874,"end":4732.246},{"text":"rights","start":4732.682,"end":4732.973},{"text":"law.","start":4733.555,"end":4733.653}]},{"text":"But I want to particularly spend a moment on the sea mining and indiscriminate planting of mines in international waterways.","start":4734.202,"end":4745.675,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4734.202,"end":4734.299},{"text":"I","start":4734.299,"end":4734.315},{"text":"want","start":4734.315,"end":4734.51},{"text":"to","start":4734.526,"end":4734.59},{"text":"particularly","start":4734.622,"end":4735.153},{"text":"spend","start":4735.186,"end":4735.604},{"text":"a","start":4735.604,"end":4735.669},{"text":"moment","start":4735.669,"end":4736.071},{"text":"on","start":4736.699,"end":4736.844},{"text":"the","start":4736.86,"end":4736.989},{"text":"sea","start":4737.455,"end":4737.761},{"text":"mining","start":4737.761,"end":4738.212},{"text":"and","start":4740.015,"end":4740.144},{"text":"indiscriminate","start":4740.24,"end":4740.932},{"text":"planting","start":4742.475,"end":4742.928},{"text":"of","start":4742.944,"end":4743.008},{"text":"mines","start":4743.041,"end":4743.574},{"text":"in","start":4743.607,"end":4743.687},{"text":"international","start":4743.768,"end":4744.366},{"text":"waterways.","start":4745.142,"end":4745.675}]},{"text":"That makes Iran an international criminal.","start":4748.34,"end":4751.172,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":4748.34,"end":4748.453},{"text":"makes","start":4748.453,"end":4748.841},{"text":"Iran","start":4748.841,"end":4749.132},{"text":"an","start":4749.165,"end":4749.23},{"text":"international","start":4749.505,"end":4750.346},{"text":"criminal.","start":4750.702,"end":4751.172}]},{"text":"Pirates of the Straits.","start":4751.997,"end":4753.761,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Pirates","start":4751.997,"end":4752.466},{"text":"of","start":4753.065,"end":4753.162},{"text":"the","start":4753.211,"end":4753.292},{"text":"Straits.","start":4753.292,"end":4753.761}]},{"text":"Tehran admits to these crimes, but is so incompetent, it also admits to not knowing where the mines are.","start":4754.505,"end":4760.867,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Tehran","start":4754.505,"end":4754.861},{"text":"admits","start":4754.861,"end":4755.315},{"text":"to","start":4755.315,"end":4755.412},{"text":"these","start":4755.412,"end":4755.622},{"text":"crimes,","start":4755.654,"end":4756.156},{"text":"but","start":4756.609,"end":4756.755},{"text":"is","start":4757.192,"end":4757.241},{"text":"so","start":4757.274,"end":4757.437},{"text":"incompetent,","start":4757.437,"end":4758.189},{"text":"it","start":4758.744,"end":4758.826},{"text":"also","start":4758.826,"end":4759.07},{"text":"admits","start":4759.07,"end":4759.397},{"text":"to","start":4759.397,"end":4759.544},{"text":"not","start":4759.544,"end":4759.675},{"text":"knowing","start":4759.74,"end":4760.001},{"text":"where","start":4760.05,"end":4760.198},{"text":"the","start":4760.198,"end":4760.263},{"text":"mines","start":4760.263,"end":4760.589},{"text":"are.","start":4760.622,"end":4760.867}]},{"text":"Thankfully, the U.S. military is stepping in to clear these mines.","start":4764.24,"end":4769.337,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Thankfully,","start":4764.24,"end":4764.69},{"text":"the","start":4766.483,"end":4766.582},{"text":"U.S.","start":4766.582,"end":4766.829},{"text":"military","start":4766.895,"end":4767.473},{"text":"is","start":4767.473,"end":4767.522},{"text":"stepping","start":4767.572,"end":4767.935},{"text":"in","start":4768.034,"end":4768.182},{"text":"to","start":4768.298,"end":4768.446},{"text":"clear","start":4768.446,"end":4768.793},{"text":"these","start":4768.793,"end":4768.925},{"text":"mines.","start":4769.024,"end":4769.337}]},{"text":"And make it safe.","start":4770.185,"end":4771.048,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4770.185,"end":4770.267},{"text":"make","start":4770.283,"end":4770.527},{"text":"it","start":4770.527,"end":4770.674},{"text":"safe.","start":4770.674,"end":4771.048}]},{"text":"But colleagues, we need to broaden this effort.","start":4772.236,"end":4774.043,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4772.236,"end":4772.399},{"text":"colleagues,","start":4772.399,"end":4772.855},{"text":"we","start":4772.871,"end":4772.952},{"text":"need","start":4772.952,"end":4773.131},{"text":"to","start":4773.131,"end":4773.213},{"text":"broaden","start":4773.213,"end":4773.555},{"text":"this","start":4773.603,"end":4773.668},{"text":"effort.","start":4773.847,"end":4774.043}]},{"text":"Now is the time for a coalition of like-minded partners to step up and step in with real capabilities and help.","start":4775.76,"end":4784.388,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":4775.76,"end":4775.824},{"text":"is","start":4775.968,"end":4776.081},{"text":"the","start":4776.113,"end":4776.209},{"text":"time","start":4776.258,"end":4776.643},{"text":"for","start":4776.74,"end":4776.836},{"text":"a","start":4776.836,"end":4776.997},{"text":"coalition","start":4776.997,"end":4777.672},{"text":"of","start":4777.945,"end":4778.105},{"text":"like-minded","start":4778.121,"end":4778.812},{"text":"partners","start":4778.845,"end":4779.375},{"text":"to","start":4780.194,"end":4780.291},{"text":"step","start":4780.291,"end":4780.724},{"text":"up","start":4780.837,"end":4781.014},{"text":"and","start":4781.576,"end":4781.64},{"text":"step","start":4781.672,"end":4782.122},{"text":"in","start":4782.122,"end":4782.171},{"text":"with","start":4782.283,"end":4782.492},{"text":"real","start":4782.524,"end":4782.733},{"text":"capabilities","start":4782.942,"end":4783.713},{"text":"and","start":4784.067,"end":4784.131},{"text":"help.","start":4784.211,"end":4784.388}]},{"text":"We need for commercial shipping, for maritime finance and insurance, for humanitarian aid agencies, over 80 of which move their humanitarian supplies through this strait for life-saving aid, in addition to the military assets to come together in a coalition for maritime freedom.","start":4785.42,"end":4804.955,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4785.42,"end":4785.452},{"text":"need","start":4785.452,"end":4785.902},{"text":"for","start":4786.255,"end":4786.384},{"text":"commercial","start":4786.48,"end":4786.978},{"text":"shipping,","start":4786.978,"end":4787.428},{"text":"for","start":4787.846,"end":4787.958},{"text":"maritime","start":4787.958,"end":4788.553},{"text":"finance","start":4788.585,"end":4789.227},{"text":"and","start":4789.227,"end":4789.372},{"text":"insurance,","start":4789.372,"end":4789.982},{"text":"for","start":4790.336,"end":4790.416},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4790.432,"end":4791.268},{"text":"aid","start":4791.461,"end":4791.734},{"text":"agencies,","start":4791.862,"end":4792.489},{"text":"over","start":4792.666,"end":4792.826},{"text":"80","start":4792.987,"end":4793.212},{"text":"of","start":4793.308,"end":4793.356},{"text":"which","start":4793.469,"end":4793.614},{"text":"move","start":4793.79,"end":4794.192},{"text":"their","start":4794.192,"end":4794.304},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4794.304,"end":4795.06},{"text":"supplies","start":4795.487,"end":4796.198},{"text":"through","start":4796.618,"end":4796.731},{"text":"this","start":4796.796,"end":4796.925},{"text":"strait","start":4797.038,"end":4797.588},{"text":"for","start":4797.588,"end":4797.701},{"text":"life-saving","start":4797.749,"end":4798.266},{"text":"aid,","start":4798.395,"end":4798.735},{"text":"in","start":4799.219,"end":4799.3},{"text":"addition","start":4799.3,"end":4799.672},{"text":"to","start":4799.688,"end":4799.736},{"text":"the","start":4799.769,"end":4799.85},{"text":"military","start":4799.85,"end":4800.35},{"text":"assets","start":4800.35,"end":4800.754},{"text":"to","start":4800.754,"end":4800.835},{"text":"come","start":4800.9,"end":4801.078},{"text":"together","start":4801.078,"end":4801.562},{"text":"in","start":4801.805,"end":4801.902},{"text":"a","start":4801.95,"end":4802.047},{"text":"coalition","start":4802.047,"end":4802.661},{"text":"for","start":4803.42,"end":4803.55},{"text":"maritime","start":4803.55,"end":4804.034},{"text":"freedom.","start":4804.616,"end":4804.955}]},{"text":"As the permanent representative of Pakistan just mentioned, we've come together before.","start":4805.747,"end":4811.128,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4805.747,"end":4805.812},{"text":"the","start":4805.909,"end":4806.151},{"text":"permanent","start":4806.652,"end":4807.104},{"text":"representative","start":4807.137,"end":4807.993},{"text":"of","start":4808.106,"end":4808.203},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4808.268,"end":4808.946},{"text":"just","start":4809.076,"end":4809.27},{"text":"mentioned,","start":4809.318,"end":4809.819},{"text":"we've","start":4809.884,"end":4810.094},{"text":"come","start":4810.126,"end":4810.368},{"text":"together","start":4810.368,"end":4810.853},{"text":"before.","start":4810.853,"end":4811.128}]},{"text":"We came together in CTF 151 to deal with piracy off the straits— or off East Africa in the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb.","start":4811.257,"end":4822.368,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4811.257,"end":4811.419},{"text":"came","start":4811.419,"end":4811.645},{"text":"together","start":4811.742,"end":4812.259},{"text":"in","start":4813.505,"end":4813.553},{"text":"CTF","start":4813.602,"end":4814.249},{"text":"151","start":4814.249,"end":4814.944},{"text":"to","start":4815.3,"end":4815.446},{"text":"deal","start":4815.446,"end":4815.575},{"text":"with","start":4815.624,"end":4815.769},{"text":"piracy","start":4815.785,"end":4816.319},{"text":"off","start":4816.659,"end":4816.853},{"text":"the","start":4817.241,"end":4817.435},{"text":"straits—","start":4817.946,"end":4818.697},{"text":"or","start":4818.893,"end":4818.942},{"text":"off","start":4819.121,"end":4819.17},{"text":"East","start":4819.79,"end":4820.1},{"text":"Africa","start":4820.1,"end":4820.557},{"text":"in","start":4820.834,"end":4820.9},{"text":"the","start":4820.916,"end":4821.014},{"text":"Straits","start":4821.014,"end":4821.454},{"text":"of","start":4821.601,"end":4821.666},{"text":"Bab-el-Mandeb.","start":4821.666,"end":4822.368}]},{"text":"The United Nations was built for times like this.","start":4822.712,"end":4826.371,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4822.712,"end":4822.76},{"text":"United","start":4822.776,"end":4823.226},{"text":"Nations","start":4823.258,"end":4823.723},{"text":"was","start":4823.755,"end":4823.884},{"text":"built","start":4824.076,"end":4824.558},{"text":"for","start":4824.879,"end":4825.023},{"text":"times","start":4825.023,"end":4825.569},{"text":"like","start":4825.922,"end":4826.098},{"text":"this.","start":4826.227,"end":4826.371}]},{"text":"We have been here before.","start":4827.029,"end":4828.426,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4827.029,"end":4827.11},{"text":"have","start":4827.11,"end":4827.254},{"text":"been","start":4827.35,"end":4827.479},{"text":"here","start":4827.527,"end":4827.719},{"text":"before.","start":4828.089,"end":4828.426}]},{"text":"We have allowed unchecked regimes and non-state actors to loudly tiptoe towards horrors against their neighbors while much of the rest of the world sat back and watched.","start":4829.292,"end":4846.32,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4829.292,"end":4829.372},{"text":"have","start":4829.372,"end":4829.597},{"text":"allowed","start":4829.597,"end":4830.223},{"text":"unchecked","start":4830.576,"end":4831.09},{"text":"regimes","start":4831.78,"end":4832.39},{"text":"and","start":4833.224,"end":4833.288},{"text":"non-state","start":4833.385,"end":4833.93},{"text":"actors","start":4834.011,"end":4834.396},{"text":"to","start":4835.872,"end":4835.969},{"text":"loudly","start":4836.033,"end":4836.402},{"text":"tiptoe","start":4836.514,"end":4837.076},{"text":"towards","start":4837.782,"end":4838.248},{"text":"horrors","start":4838.681,"end":4839.13},{"text":"against","start":4839.419,"end":4839.853},{"text":"their","start":4840.109,"end":4840.206},{"text":"neighbors","start":4840.222,"end":4840.655},{"text":"while","start":4842.131,"end":4842.228},{"text":"much","start":4842.228,"end":4842.469},{"text":"of","start":4842.533,"end":4842.597},{"text":"the","start":4842.597,"end":4842.677},{"text":"rest","start":4842.677,"end":4842.87},{"text":"of","start":4842.934,"end":4842.998},{"text":"the","start":4842.998,"end":4843.159},{"text":"world","start":4843.159,"end":4843.72},{"text":"sat","start":4844.282,"end":4844.603},{"text":"back","start":4844.619,"end":4844.956},{"text":"and","start":4845.807,"end":4845.887},{"text":"watched.","start":4845.967,"end":4846.32}]},{"text":"Colleagues, now —is not the time for simple words.","start":4847.026,"end":4851.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Colleagues,","start":4847.026,"end":4847.556},{"text":"now","start":4848.07,"end":4848.262},{"text":"—is","start":4849.514,"end":4849.563},{"text":"not","start":4849.675,"end":4849.868},{"text":"the","start":4849.98,"end":4850.044},{"text":"time","start":4850.076,"end":4850.462},{"text":"for","start":4850.719,"end":4850.863},{"text":"simple","start":4850.863,"end":4851.249},{"text":"words.","start":4851.265,"end":4851.65}]},{"text":"Now is the time to act, and we call upon the world to join us in maintaining and defending the freedom of navigation for the entire world's economy.","start":4852.084,"end":4863.66,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Thank you, Mr. President.","start":4885.554,"end":4888.152,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4885.554,"end":4885.781},{"text":"you.","start":4885.781,"end":4885.96},{"text":"Thank","start":4886.999,"end":4887.227},{"text":"you,","start":4887.227,"end":4887.324},{"text":"Mr.","start":4887.34,"end":4887.519},{"text":"President.","start":4887.568,"end":4888.152}]},{"text":"A few days ago, on 22nd April, a Liberian flagship was seized by Iran, causing damage to the vessel.","start":4890.847,"end":4905.848,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4890.847,"end":4890.863},{"text":"few","start":4890.879,"end":4891.04},{"text":"days","start":4891.12,"end":4891.394},{"text":"ago,","start":4891.426,"end":4891.684},{"text":"on","start":4893.182,"end":4893.23},{"text":"22nd","start":4893.359,"end":4894.051},{"text":"April,","start":4894.245,"end":4894.663},{"text":"a","start":4896.499,"end":4896.564},{"text":"Liberian","start":4896.564,"end":4897.176},{"text":"flagship","start":4897.304,"end":4898.287},{"text":"was","start":4899.221,"end":4899.366},{"text":"seized","start":4899.479,"end":4899.865},{"text":"by","start":4900.705,"end":4900.962},{"text":"Iran,","start":4901.01,"end":4901.235},{"text":"causing","start":4903.116,"end":4903.646},{"text":"damage","start":4903.839,"end":4904.37},{"text":"to","start":4905.206,"end":4905.302},{"text":"the","start":4905.302,"end":4905.382},{"text":"vessel.","start":4905.382,"end":4905.848}]},{"text":"And so today, we speak with the clarity of an affected nation.","start":4908.34,"end":4914.905,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4908.34,"end":4908.436},{"text":"so","start":4908.436,"end":4908.71},{"text":"today,","start":4908.71,"end":4908.903},{"text":"we","start":4910.673,"end":4910.769},{"text":"speak","start":4910.769,"end":4911.381},{"text":"with","start":4911.381,"end":4911.494},{"text":"the","start":4911.494,"end":4911.687},{"text":"clarity","start":4911.703,"end":4912.25},{"text":"of","start":4913.489,"end":4913.586},{"text":"an","start":4913.65,"end":4913.731},{"text":"affected","start":4913.731,"end":4914.374},{"text":"nation.","start":4914.535,"end":4914.905}]},{"text":"At the onset, we join in thanking the Kingdom of Bahrain for convening this debate at a moment when the map of global insecurity is being increasingly drawn at sea.","start":4917.273,"end":4934.953,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4917.273,"end":4917.435},{"text":"the","start":4917.435,"end":4917.516},{"text":"onset,","start":4917.581,"end":4918.196},{"text":"we","start":4919.702,"end":4919.783},{"text":"join","start":4919.848,"end":4920.269},{"text":"in","start":4920.269,"end":4920.399},{"text":"thanking","start":4920.512,"end":4920.965},{"text":"the","start":4921.062,"end":4921.16},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4921.16,"end":4921.613},{"text":"of","start":4921.662,"end":4921.775},{"text":"Bahrain","start":4921.807,"end":4922.342},{"text":"for","start":4923.103,"end":4923.329},{"text":"convening","start":4923.346,"end":4923.88},{"text":"this","start":4923.993,"end":4924.171},{"text":"debate","start":4924.236,"end":4924.69},{"text":"at","start":4925.818,"end":4925.899},{"text":"a","start":4925.899,"end":4925.915},{"text":"moment","start":4925.931,"end":4926.592},{"text":"when","start":4927.188,"end":4927.252},{"text":"the","start":4927.365,"end":4927.494},{"text":"map","start":4927.494,"end":4927.865},{"text":"of","start":4928.171,"end":4928.268},{"text":"global","start":4928.413,"end":4928.929},{"text":"insecurity","start":4929.203,"end":4930.105},{"text":"is","start":4931.298,"end":4931.362},{"text":"being","start":4931.54,"end":4931.765},{"text":"increasingly","start":4931.878,"end":4933.055},{"text":"drawn","start":4933.087,"end":4933.538},{"text":"at","start":4934.599,"end":4934.712},{"text":"sea.","start":4934.712,"end":4934.953}]},{"text":"What happens in narrow straits is now felt in distant markets, in fragile economies, and at distant kitchen tables from the south to the north and from the east to the west.","start":4937.187,"end":4957.74,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring 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welcome the honored presence of His Excellency Mr. Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain and President of the Council, His Excellency the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, His Excellency the Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs of Panama, His Excellency the State Secretary of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Latvia, and His Excellency the Minister of State of the United 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also thank our distinguished briefers, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization, and a Senior Fellow of the International Institute for Strategic Studies.","start":5000.239,"end":5019.708,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5042.363,"end":5042.443},{"text":"experiences","start":5042.443,"end":5043.298},{"text":"it","start":5043.41,"end":5043.668},{"text":"as","start":5044.442,"end":5044.507},{"text":"empty","start":5044.765,"end":5045.039},{"text":"shelves,","start":5045.039,"end":5045.828},{"text":"higher","start":5047.102,"end":5047.44},{"text":"fuel","start":5047.505,"end":5047.892},{"text":"prices,","start":5048.085,"end":5048.698},{"text":"delayed","start":5050.77,"end":5051.077},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5051.093,"end":5051.965},{"text":"aid,","start":5052.143,"end":5052.692},{"text":"and","start":5053.597,"end":5053.742},{"text":"uncertainty","start":5053.839,"end":5054.792},{"text":"in","start":5055.632,"end":5055.762},{"text":"daily","start":5055.875,"end":5056.263},{"text":"life.","start":5056.279,"end":5056.44}]},{"text":"As we have heard, when shipping lanes are disrupted, global stability does not bend slowly, it fractures immediately.","start":5058.276,"end":5071.404,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5058.276,"end":5058.341},{"text":"we","start":5058.535,"end":5058.762},{"text":"have","start":5058.762,"end":5058.99},{"text":"heard,","start":5059.006,"end":5059.314},{"text":"when","start":5060.644,"end":5060.758},{"text":"shipping","start":5060.806,"end":5061.423},{"text":"lanes","start":5061.536,"end":5061.909},{"text":"are","start":5062.494,"end":5062.656},{"text":"disrupted,","start":5062.656,"end":5063.402},{"text":"global","start":5064.576,"end":5065.011},{"text":"stability","start":5065.011,"end":5065.848},{"text":"does","start":5066.525,"end":5066.734},{"text":"not","start":5066.863,"end":5067.217},{"text":"bend","start":5067.249,"end":5067.571},{"text":"slowly,","start":5067.652,"end":5068.183},{"text":"it","start":5069.359,"end":5069.471},{"text":"fractures","start":5069.488,"end":5070.277},{"text":"immediately.","start":5070.615,"end":5071.404}]},{"text":"The rise in threats to international waterways reflects a dangerous erosion of long-established norms.","start":5073.28,"end":5082.821,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":5232.106,"end":5232.554},{"text":"of","start":5232.602,"end":5232.731},{"text":"navigation,","start":5232.779,"end":5233.516},{"text":"transit","start":5234.365,"end":5235.07},{"text":"passage,","start":5235.086,"end":5235.695},{"text":"and","start":5236.352,"end":5236.705},{"text":"innocent","start":5237.153,"end":5237.65},{"text":"passage","start":5237.73,"end":5238.339},{"text":"are","start":5238.863,"end":5238.945},{"text":"not","start":5238.945,"end":5239.375},{"text":"privileges.","start":5239.441,"end":5240.151}]},{"text":"They are rights, rights to which the entire world is entitled.","start":5241.075,"end":5247.437,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5241.075,"end":5241.174},{"text":"are","start":5241.24,"end":5241.422},{"text":"rights,","start":5241.422,"end":5241.901},{"text":"rights","start":5243.973,"end":5244.344},{"text":"to","start":5244.36,"end":5244.457},{"text":"which","start":5244.521,"end":5244.666},{"text":"the","start":5244.779,"end":5244.924},{"text":"entire","start":5244.94,"end":5245.472},{"text":"world","start":5245.504,"end":5245.826},{"text":"is","start":5246.809,"end":5246.922},{"text":"entitled.","start":5246.954,"end":5247.437}]},{"text":"And rights cannot be selectively respected without being collectively weakened.","start":5248.871,"end":5255.291,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5248.871,"end":5249.016},{"text":"rights","start":5249.113,"end":5249.403},{"text":"cannot","start":5249.532,"end":5249.902},{"text":"be","start":5249.934,"end":5250.031},{"text":"selectively","start":5250.031,"end":5251.143},{"text":"respected","start":5251.304,"end":5252.158},{"text":"without","start":5252.836,"end":5253.336},{"text":"being","start":5253.401,"end":5253.611},{"text":"collectively","start":5253.724,"end":5254.758},{"text":"weakened.","start":5254.919,"end":5255.291}]},{"text":"The same applies to the law of armed conflict at sea.","start":5257.277,"end":5261.566,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5257.277,"end":5257.374},{"text":"same","start":5257.374,"end":5257.81},{"text":"applies","start":5257.923,"end":5258.456},{"text":"to","start":5258.488,"end":5258.585},{"text":"the","start":5258.65,"end":5258.731},{"text":"law","start":5258.731,"end":5258.908},{"text":"of","start":5259.538,"end":5259.667},{"text":"armed","start":5259.926,"end":5260.233},{"text":"conflict","start":5260.41,"end":5261.105},{"text":"at","start":5261.14,"end":5261.238},{"text":"sea.","start":5261.238,"end":5261.566}]},{"text":"Civilian vessels are not, must not, and cannot be targets.","start":5262.73,"end":5268.868,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Civilian","start":5262.73,"end":5263.566},{"text":"vessels","start":5263.844,"end":5264.303},{"text":"are","start":5265.448,"end":5265.481},{"text":"not,","start":5265.481,"end":5265.962},{"text":"must","start":5266.348,"end":5266.685},{"text":"not,","start":5266.685,"end":5267.07},{"text":"and","start":5267.552,"end":5267.616},{"text":"cannot","start":5267.712,"end":5268.194},{"text":"be","start":5268.194,"end":5268.419},{"text":"targets.","start":5268.419,"end":5268.868}]},{"text":"Seafarers are not collateral.","start":5269.896,"end":5272.578,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"Seafarers","start":5269.896,"end":5270.859},{"text":"are","start":5271.55,"end":5271.582},{"text":"not","start":5271.582,"end":5271.983},{"text":"collateral.","start":5272.032,"end":5272.578}]},{"text":"These are not grey areas.","start":5273.814,"end":5276.431,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5273.814,"end":5274.263},{"text":"are","start":5275.163,"end":5275.243},{"text":"not","start":5275.259,"end":5275.596},{"text":"grey","start":5275.644,"end":5275.917},{"text":"areas.","start":5276.046,"end":5276.431}]},{"text":"Excellencies, we must confront the humanitarian dimension with greater honesty.","start":5277.732,"end":5284.427,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":5277.732,"end":5278.358},{"text":"we","start":5279.418,"end":5279.514},{"text":"must","start":5279.514,"end":5279.707},{"text":"confront","start":5279.755,"end":5280.558},{"text":"the","start":5280.622,"end":5280.686},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5280.718,"end":5281.489},{"text":"dimension","start":5281.521,"end":5282.211},{"text":"with","start":5283.111,"end":5283.239},{"text":"greater","start":5283.432,"end":5283.689},{"text":"honesty.","start":5283.913,"end":5284.427}]},{"text":"Disruptions at sea do not stay at sea.","start":5285.712,"end":5289.405,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Disruptions","start":5285.712,"end":5286.547},{"text":"at","start":5286.739,"end":5286.836},{"text":"sea","start":5286.836,"end":5287.221},{"text":"do","start":5288.024,"end":5288.12},{"text":"not","start":5288.12,"end":5288.297},{"text":"stay","start":5288.345,"end":5288.779},{"text":"at","start":5289.068,"end":5289.212},{"text":"sea.","start":5289.212,"end":5289.405}]},{"text":"They travel faster than any ship into food insecurity, into energy shocks, into delayed humanitarian relief.","start":5290.352,"end":5300.355,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5290.352,"end":5290.432},{"text":"travel","start":5290.497,"end":5290.946},{"text":"faster","start":5291.621,"end":5292.038},{"text":"than","start":5292.038,"end":5292.215},{"text":"any","start":5292.343,"end":5292.504},{"text":"ship","start":5292.504,"end":5292.857},{"text":"into","start":5293.499,"end":5293.724},{"text":"food","start":5293.724,"end":5294.174},{"text":"insecurity,","start":5294.35,"end":5295.137},{"text":"into","start":5295.956,"end":5296.165},{"text":"energy","start":5296.357,"end":5296.662},{"text":"shocks,","start":5296.695,"end":5297.449},{"text":"into","start":5298.059,"end":5298.22},{"text":"delayed","start":5298.3,"end":5299.023},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5299.167,"end":5299.954},{"text":"relief.","start":5300.05,"end":5300.355}]},{"text":"A blocked waterway, as we have heard, can mean an empty market thousands of miles away.","start":5301.576,"end":5308.48,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":5301.576,"end":5301.736},{"text":"blocked","start":5301.752,"end":5302.234},{"text":"waterway,","start":5302.234,"end":5302.668},{"text":"as","start":5302.941,"end":5303.005},{"text":"we","start":5303.117,"end":5303.197},{"text":"have","start":5303.197,"end":5303.422},{"text":"heard,","start":5303.422,"end":5303.727},{"text":"can","start":5304.402,"end":5304.578},{"text":"mean","start":5304.578,"end":5305.044},{"text":"an","start":5305.108,"end":5305.156},{"text":"empty","start":5305.365,"end":5305.686},{"text":"market","start":5305.686,"end":5306.345},{"text":"thousands","start":5306.874,"end":5307.501},{"text":"of","start":5307.597,"end":5307.645},{"text":"miles","start":5307.758,"end":5308.175},{"text":"away.","start":5308.175,"end":5308.48}]},{"text":"That is the human cost of maritime insecurity.","start":5309.363,"end":5313.49,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5309.363,"end":5309.941},{"text":"is","start":5309.941,"end":5310.07},{"text":"the","start":5310.166,"end":5310.343},{"text":"human","start":5310.343,"end":5310.792},{"text":"cost","start":5310.808,"end":5311.322},{"text":"of","start":5311.948,"end":5312.077},{"text":"maritime","start":5312.109,"end":5312.751},{"text":"insecurity.","start":5312.751,"end":5313.49}]},{"text":"As such, Liberia offers 3 practical points.","start":5316.918,"end":5321.543,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5316.918,"end":5316.951},{"text":"such,","start":5316.951,"end":5317.468},{"text":"Liberia","start":5318.454,"end":5318.939},{"text":"offers","start":5319.02,"end":5319.489},{"text":"3","start":5320.168,"end":5320.395},{"text":"practical","start":5320.492,"end":5320.96},{"text":"points.","start":5321.057,"end":5321.543}]},{"text":"First, restraint must be restored.","start":5323.39,"end":5327.039,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":5323.39,"end":5323.777},{"text":"restraint","start":5323.955,"end":5324.908},{"text":"must","start":5325.569,"end":5326.167},{"text":"be","start":5326.231,"end":5326.312},{"text":"restored.","start":5326.474,"end":5327.039}]},{"text":"Attacks on commercial shipping and interference with lawful navigation must end.","start":5328.475,"end":5334.839,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Attacks","start":5328.475,"end":5328.976},{"text":"on","start":5329.202,"end":5329.428},{"text":"commercial","start":5329.46,"end":5329.961},{"text":"shipping","start":5329.961,"end":5330.558},{"text":"and","start":5330.752,"end":5330.816},{"text":"interference","start":5330.978,"end":5331.72},{"text":"with","start":5331.72,"end":5331.85},{"text":"lawful","start":5331.946,"end":5332.367},{"text":"navigation","start":5332.367,"end":5333.207},{"text":"must","start":5334.225,"end":5334.612},{"text":"end.","start":5334.612,"end":5334.839}]},{"text":"There is no strategic gain that justifies systemic disruption of global lifelines.","start":5336.729,"end":5344.527,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":5336.729,"end":5337.149},{"text":"is","start":5337.278,"end":5337.585},{"text":"no","start":5337.844,"end":5337.957},{"text":"strategic","start":5338.038,"end":5338.878},{"text":"gain","start":5338.91,"end":5339.12},{"text":"that","start":5339.879,"end":5340.041},{"text":"justifies","start":5340.09,"end":5340.876},{"text":"systemic","start":5340.876,"end":5341.68},{"text":"disruption","start":5341.713,"end":5342.4},{"text":"of","start":5343.033,"end":5343.13},{"text":"global","start":5343.338,"end":5343.82},{"text":"lifelines.","start":5343.82,"end":5344.527}]},{"text":"Second, this Council must be consistent.","start":5346.021,"end":5351.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":5346.021,"end":5346.455},{"text":"this","start":5347.772,"end":5348.077},{"text":"Council","start":5348.077,"end":5348.478},{"text":"must","start":5349.442,"end":5349.94},{"text":"be","start":5350.743,"end":5350.84},{"text":"consistent.","start":5351.209,"end":5351.9}]},{"text":"Resolutions such as 2722 of 2024 and 2817 of 2026 are clear, but clarity is not enough.","start":5353.233,"end":5365.746,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Resolutions","start":5353.233,"end":5354.165},{"text":"such","start":5354.373,"end":5354.743},{"text":"as","start":5354.904,"end":5355.048},{"text":"2722","start":5355.161,"end":5356.221},{"text":"of","start":5356.365,"end":5356.494},{"text":"2024","start":5356.526,"end":5357.506},{"text":"and","start":5358.132,"end":5358.196},{"text":"2817","start":5358.357,"end":5359.53},{"text":"of","start":5359.658,"end":5359.754},{"text":"2026","start":5359.819,"end":5360.766},{"text":"are","start":5361.827,"end":5362.051},{"text":"clear,","start":5362.067,"end":5362.485},{"text":"but","start":5363.674,"end":5363.947},{"text":"clarity","start":5364.059,"end":5364.605},{"text":"is","start":5364.943,"end":5365.007},{"text":"not","start":5365.184,"end":5365.441},{"text":"enough.","start":5365.441,"end":5365.746}]},{"text":"Credibility on even-handed implementation truly must be required, because selectivity erodes this Council's credibility and authority.","start":5367.111,"end":5385.347,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Credibility","start":5367.111,"end":5367.93},{"text":"on","start":5368.8,"end":5369.655},{"text":"even-handed","start":5369.929,"end":5370.815},{"text":"implementation","start":5371.057,"end":5372.009},{"text":"truly","start":5373.508,"end":5373.943},{"text":"must","start":5375.507,"end":5375.765},{"text":"be","start":5375.83,"end":5376.04},{"text":"required,","start":5376.04,"end":5376.685},{"text":"because","start":5377.443,"end":5377.734},{"text":"selectivity","start":5377.766,"end":5378.782},{"text":"erodes","start":5379.766,"end":5380.476},{"text":"this","start":5381.218,"end":5381.412},{"text":"Council's","start":5381.735,"end":5382.461},{"text":"credibility","start":5382.509,"end":5383.461},{"text":"and","start":5384.363,"end":5384.492},{"text":"authority.","start":5384.686,"end":5385.347}]},{"text":"Third, we should begin to treat major maritime chokepoints as shared responsibility zones.","start":5386.781,"end":5395.297,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":5386.781,"end":5387.088},{"text":"we","start":5388.474,"end":5388.571},{"text":"should","start":5388.571,"end":5388.942},{"text":"begin","start":5388.974,"end":5389.345},{"text":"to","start":5389.441,"end":5389.506},{"text":"treat","start":5389.619,"end":5390.07},{"text":"major","start":5390.167,"end":5390.554},{"text":"maritime","start":5390.586,"end":5391.36},{"text":"chokepoints","start":5391.458,"end":5392.229},{"text":"as","start":5392.689,"end":5392.836},{"text":"shared","start":5392.951,"end":5393.558},{"text":"responsibility","start":5393.936,"end":5394.936},{"text":"zones.","start":5395.002,"end":5395.297}]},{"text":"Where transparency is not optional.","start":5396.506,"end":5399.557,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":5396.506,"end":5396.811},{"text":"transparency","start":5396.811,"end":5397.759},{"text":"is","start":5398.497,"end":5398.562},{"text":"not","start":5398.738,"end":5399.06},{"text":"optional.","start":5399.14,"end":5399.557}]},{"text":"We propose that the Council encourages the establishment of a standing independent incident tracking and verification mechanism, drawing on the expertise of the International Maritime Organization , to provide real-time, depoliticized reporting on disruptions to commercial shipping.","start":5400.842,"end":5424.11,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5400.842,"end":5400.987},{"text":"propose","start":5401.083,"end":5401.533},{"text":"that","start":5402.513,"end":5402.674},{"text":"the","start":5402.674,"end":5402.77},{"text":"Council","start":5402.77,"end":5403.3},{"text":"encourages","start":5403.332,"end":5404.103},{"text":"the","start":5404.215,"end":5404.36},{"text":"establishment","start":5404.36,"end":5405.179},{"text":"of","start":5405.179,"end":5405.34},{"text":"a","start":5405.34,"end":5405.404},{"text":"standing","start":5405.404,"end":5406.111},{"text":"independent","start":5406.304,"end":5407.283},{"text":"incident","start":5407.412,"end":5408.006},{"text":"tracking","start":5408.054,"end":5408.52},{"text":"and","start":5409.018,"end":5409.163},{"text":"verification","start":5409.259,"end":5410.078},{"text":"mechanism,","start":5410.078,"end":5410.721},{"text":"drawing","start":5411.604,"end":5412.054},{"text":"on","start":5412.311,"end":5412.375},{"text":"the","start":5412.407,"end":5412.616},{"text":"expertise","start":5412.648,"end":5413.258},{"text":"of","start":5413.291,"end":5413.387},{"text":"the","start":5413.387,"end":5413.532},{"text":"International","start":5413.532,"end":5414.19},{"text":"Maritime","start":5414.19,"end":5414.897},{"text":"Organization","start":5414.977,"end":5415.539},{"text":",","start":5415.539,"end":5415.7},{"text":"to","start":5416.664,"end":5416.776},{"text":"provide","start":5416.905,"end":5417.724},{"text":"real-time,","start":5417.949,"end":5418.768},{"text":"depoliticized","start":5419.073,"end":5420.567},{"text":"reporting","start":5420.599,"end":5421.129},{"text":"on","start":5421.789,"end":5422.095},{"text":"disruptions","start":5422.192,"end":5422.982},{"text":"to","start":5423.014,"end":5423.143},{"text":"commercial","start":5423.175,"end":5423.658},{"text":"shipping.","start":5423.658,"end":5424.11}]},{"text":"In an environment clouded by competing narratives, verified facts are a form of de-escalation.","start":5425.334,"end":5433.382,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5425.334,"end":5425.479},{"text":"an","start":5425.576,"end":5425.689},{"text":"environment","start":5425.689,"end":5426.623},{"text":"clouded","start":5426.639,"end":5427.171},{"text":"by","start":5427.284,"end":5427.397},{"text":"competing","start":5427.59,"end":5428.138},{"text":"narratives,","start":5428.17,"end":5428.863},{"text":"verified","start":5429.75,"end":5430.298},{"text":"facts","start":5430.428,"end":5430.928},{"text":"are","start":5431.461,"end":5431.639},{"text":"a","start":5431.639,"end":5431.655},{"text":"form","start":5431.703,"end":5432.155},{"text":"of","start":5432.349,"end":5432.414},{"text":"de-escalation.","start":5432.527,"end":5433.382}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the oceans are to connect us rather than divide us.","start":5434.868,"end":5442.04,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5434.868,"end":5435.061},{"text":"President,","start":5435.11,"end":5435.772},{"text":"the","start":5437.435,"end":5437.532},{"text":"oceans","start":5437.677,"end":5438.064},{"text":"are","start":5438.323,"end":5438.5},{"text":"to","start":5438.5,"end":5438.63},{"text":"connect","start":5438.63,"end":5439.152},{"text":"us","start":5439.152,"end":5439.282},{"text":"rather","start":5440.523,"end":5440.947},{"text":"than","start":5440.947,"end":5441.159},{"text":"divide","start":5441.257,"end":5441.649},{"text":"us.","start":5441.763,"end":5442.04}]},{"text":"Adherence to the laws governing the oceans guarantee our global unity, and reinforce our interdependence.","start":5444.181,"end":5456.129,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Adherence","start":5444.181,"end":5444.837},{"text":"to","start":5446.15,"end":5446.265},{"text":"the","start":5446.297,"end":5446.461},{"text":"laws","start":5446.527,"end":5446.921},{"text":"governing","start":5447.019,"end":5447.38},{"text":"the","start":5447.38,"end":5447.61},{"text":"oceans","start":5447.61,"end":5448.069},{"text":"guarantee","start":5448.835,"end":5449.414},{"text":"our","start":5449.704,"end":5449.849},{"text":"global","start":5449.962,"end":5450.493},{"text":"unity,","start":5450.59,"end":5450.976},{"text":"and","start":5452.12,"end":5452.345},{"text":"reinforce","start":5452.442,"end":5453.311},{"text":"our","start":5454.535,"end":5454.857},{"text":"interdependence.","start":5455.131,"end":5456.129}]},{"text":"The oceans have always connected supply to demand, and risk to responsibility.","start":5457.691,"end":5466.147,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5457.691,"end":5457.916},{"text":"oceans","start":5457.917,"end":5458.305},{"text":"have","start":5458.321,"end":5458.547},{"text":"always","start":5458.806,"end":5459.275},{"text":"connected","start":5459.469,"end":5460.148},{"text":"supply","start":5460.439,"end":5460.956},{"text":"to","start":5462.121,"end":5462.266},{"text":"demand,","start":5462.282,"end":5462.67},{"text":"and","start":5463.754,"end":5463.818},{"text":"risk","start":5464.061,"end":5464.465},{"text":"to","start":5465.128,"end":5465.225},{"text":"responsibility.","start":5465.29,"end":5466.147}]},{"text":"If we allow them to become theatres of unchecked disruptions, we will inherit The consequences, all of us, a divided world rather than an interdependent one.","start":5467.311,"end":5482.346,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":5467.311,"end":5467.376},{"text":"we","start":5467.376,"end":5467.457},{"text":"allow","start":5467.538,"end":5467.829},{"text":"them","start":5468.04,"end":5468.218},{"text":"to","start":5468.299,"end":5468.412},{"text":"become","start":5468.445,"end":5468.947},{"text":"theatres","start":5469.076,"end":5469.546},{"text":"of","start":5469.724,"end":5469.789},{"text":"unchecked","start":5470.048,"end":5470.874},{"text":"disruptions,","start":5470.874,"end":5471.571},{"text":"we","start":5472.64,"end":5472.85},{"text":"will","start":5472.98,"end":5473.11},{"text":"inherit","start":5473.32,"end":5473.984},{"text":"The","start":5474.12,"end":5474.236},{"text":"consequences,","start":5474.236,"end":5475.117},{"text":"all","start":5476.048,"end":5476.098},{"text":"of","start":5476.148,"end":5476.281},{"text":"us,","start":5476.314,"end":5476.447},{"text":"a","start":5478.1,"end":5478.132},{"text":"divided","start":5478.132,"end":5478.745},{"text":"world","start":5478.778,"end":5478.988},{"text":"rather","start":5480.069,"end":5480.457},{"text":"than","start":5480.457,"end":5480.602},{"text":"an","start":5481.038,"end":5481.086},{"text":"interdependent","start":5481.264,"end":5482.233},{"text":"one.","start":5482.233,"end":5482.346}]},{"text":"Liberia will continue to stand for a simple principle that the world's waterways must remain open, governed by law, and protected not just because trade depends on it,, but because humanity does.","start":5483.621,"end":5504.82,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Liberia","start":5483.621,"end":5483.993},{"text":"will","start":5484.009,"end":5484.106},{"text":"continue","start":5484.106,"end":5484.816},{"text":"to","start":5484.816,"end":5484.913},{"text":"stand","start":5484.913,"end":5485.284},{"text":"for","start":5486.108,"end":5486.382},{"text":"a","start":5486.382,"end":5486.398},{"text":"simple","start":5486.447,"end":5487.012},{"text":"principle","start":5487.012,"end":5487.692},{"text":"that","start":5488.55,"end":5488.712},{"text":"the","start":5488.712,"end":5488.939},{"text":"world's","start":5488.955,"end":5489.392},{"text":"waterways","start":5489.522,"end":5490.137},{"text":"must","start":5490.655,"end":5491.157},{"text":"remain","start":5491.206,"end":5491.578},{"text":"open,","start":5491.627,"end":5491.918},{"text":"governed","start":5492.922,"end":5493.456},{"text":"by","start":5493.813,"end":5494.072},{"text":"law,","start":5494.137,"end":5494.217},{"text":"and","start":5495.27,"end":5495.4},{"text":"protected","start":5495.4,"end":5496.191},{"text":"not","start":5497.127,"end":5497.418},{"text":"just","start":5497.466,"end":5497.773},{"text":"because","start":5497.773,"end":5498.145},{"text":"trade","start":5498.322,"end":5498.661},{"text":"depends","start":5498.807,"end":5499.194},{"text":"on","start":5499.372,"end":5499.42},{"text":"it,,","start":5499.533,"end":5499.8},{"text":"but","start":5499.8,"end":5500.6},{"text":"because","start":5500.6,"end":5501.82},{"text":"humanity","start":5501.82,"end":5502.86},{"text":"does.","start":5502.86,"end":5504.82}]},{"text":"I thank you for your kind attention.","start":5504.82,"end":5506.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5504.82,"end":5504.82},{"text":"thank","start":5504.82,"end":5505.04},{"text":"you","start":5505.04,"end":5505.14},{"text":"for","start":5505.14,"end":5505.3},{"text":"your","start":5505.3,"end":5505.42},{"text":"kind","start":5505.42,"end":5505.68},{"text":"attention.","start":5505.68,"end":5506.08}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"LBR","affiliation_full":"Liberia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":5507.18,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=5508","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Liberia for the statement.","start":5507.18,"end":5512.42,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5507.18,"end":5507.2},{"text":"thank","start":5507.2,"end":5507.5},{"text":"the","start":5507.5,"end":5507.76},{"text":"representative","start":5507.76,"end":5508.5},{"text":"of","start":5508.5,"end":5509.1},{"text":"Liberia","start":5509.1,"end":5509.96},{"text":"for","start":5509.96,"end":5510.62},{"text":"the","start":5510.62,"end":5511.1},{"text":"statement.","start":5511.1,"end":5512.42}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Colombia.","start":5512.42,"end":5515.859,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5512.42,"end":5512.42},{"text":"now","start":5512.42,"end":5512.66},{"text":"give","start":5512.66,"end":5512.82},{"text":"the","start":5512.82,"end":5512.96},{"text":"floor","start":5512.96,"end":5513.56},{"text":"to","start":5513.56,"end":5513.8},{"text":"the","start":5513.8,"end":5513.94},{"text":"representative","start":5513.94,"end":5514.64},{"text":"of","start":5514.64,"end":5515.26},{"text":"Colombia.","start":5515.26,"end":5515.859}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":5518.02,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=5519","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, allow me to congratulate your country for convening this valuable debate on a matter of concern to us all.","start":5518.02,"end":5528.899,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5518.02,"end":5518.68},{"text":"President,","start":5518.68,"end":5520.4},{"text":"allow","start":5520.4,"end":5520.74},{"text":"me","start":5520.74,"end":5520.96},{"text":"to","start":5520.96,"end":5521.16},{"text":"congratulate","start":5521.16,"end":5521.68},{"text":"your","start":5521.68,"end":5522.02},{"text":"country","start":5522.02,"end":5522.6},{"text":"for","start":5522.6,"end":5523.84},{"text":"convening","start":5523.84,"end":5524.7},{"text":"this","start":5524.7,"end":5525.1},{"text":"valuable","start":5525.1,"end":5525.6},{"text":"debate","start":5525.6,"end":5526.06},{"text":"on","start":5526.06,"end":5526.78},{"text":"a","start":5527.16,"end":5527.177},{"text":"matter","start":5527.177,"end":5527.636},{"text":"of","start":5527.718,"end":5527.866},{"text":"concern","start":5527.882,"end":5528.276},{"text":"to","start":5528.374,"end":5528.489},{"text":"us","start":5528.489,"end":5528.653},{"text":"all.","start":5528.784,"end":5528.899}]},{"text":"I would particularly like to thank the Secretary General and Secretary General Dominguez, as well as Mr. Childs, for their informative briefings.","start":5531.12,"end":5540.754,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5531.12,"end":5531.136},{"text":"would","start":5531.136,"end":5531.232},{"text":"particularly","start":5531.232,"end":5531.796},{"text":"like","start":5531.796,"end":5532.054},{"text":"to","start":5532.118,"end":5532.376},{"text":"thank","start":5532.457,"end":5533.085},{"text":"the","start":5533.327,"end":5533.568},{"text":"Secretary","start":5533.585,"end":5534.132},{"text":"General","start":5534.132,"end":5534.777},{"text":"and","start":5534.841,"end":5534.938},{"text":"Secretary","start":5534.938,"end":5535.26},{"text":"General","start":5535.26,"end":5535.76},{"text":"Dominguez,","start":5535.969,"end":5536.436},{"text":"as","start":5536.549,"end":5536.646},{"text":"well","start":5536.71,"end":5536.823},{"text":"as","start":5537.177,"end":5537.483},{"text":"Mr.","start":5538.305,"end":5538.595},{"text":"Childs,","start":5538.643,"end":5539.175},{"text":"for","start":5539.207,"end":5539.465},{"text":"their","start":5539.465,"end":5539.836},{"text":"informative","start":5539.836,"end":5540.222},{"text":"briefings.","start":5540.255,"end":5540.754}]},{"text":"Colombia recognizes the strategic importance of straits for international trade and energy security.","start":5541.931,"end":5548.768,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":5541.931,"end":5542.414},{"text":"recognizes","start":5542.414,"end":5543.123},{"text":"the","start":5543.236,"end":5543.333},{"text":"strategic","start":5543.333,"end":5543.961},{"text":"importance","start":5544.042,"end":5544.848},{"text":"of","start":5544.912,"end":5545.057},{"text":"straits","start":5545.073,"end":5545.621},{"text":"for","start":5545.959,"end":5546.217},{"text":"international","start":5546.217,"end":5546.926},{"text":"trade","start":5546.926,"end":5547.394},{"text":"and","start":5547.571,"end":5547.797},{"text":"energy","start":5547.909,"end":5548.2},{"text":"security.","start":5548.2,"end":5548.768}]},{"text":"Any disruption to maritime security has impacts that are often felt beyond the region in which they occur, having a disproportionate effect on developing countries.","start":5550.244,"end":5565.47,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":5550.244,"end":5550.39},{"text":"disruption","start":5550.52,"end":5551.121},{"text":"to","start":5551.234,"end":5551.413},{"text":"maritime","start":5551.413,"end":5551.932},{"text":"security","start":5552.029,"end":5552.581},{"text":"has","start":5552.776,"end":5553.23},{"text":"impacts","start":5553.425,"end":5553.944},{"text":"that","start":5554.017,"end":5554.372},{"text":"are","start":5555.068,"end":5555.585},{"text":"often","start":5555.715,"end":5556.022},{"text":"felt","start":5556.054,"end":5556.701},{"text":"beyond","start":5557.268,"end":5557.801},{"text":"the","start":5557.914,"end":5558.173},{"text":"region","start":5558.384,"end":5558.691},{"text":"in","start":5558.804,"end":5558.853},{"text":"which","start":5558.966,"end":5559.095},{"text":"they","start":5559.208,"end":5559.386},{"text":"occur,","start":5559.386,"end":5559.629},{"text":"having","start":5561.554,"end":5561.845},{"text":"a","start":5561.877,"end":5562.055},{"text":"disproportionate","start":5562.103,"end":5563.122},{"text":"effect","start":5563.236,"end":5563.895},{"text":"on","start":5564.039,"end":5564.264},{"text":"developing","start":5564.457,"end":5564.907},{"text":"countries.","start":5564.939,"end":5565.47}]},{"text":"Colombia is a nation with a maritime vocation, with coastlines on two oceans and a clear commitment to the sustainable protection of natural resources.","start":5567.816,"end":5578.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":5567.816,"end":5568.283},{"text":"is","start":5568.299,"end":5568.395},{"text":"a","start":5568.395,"end":5568.411},{"text":"nation","start":5568.411,"end":5568.797},{"text":"with","start":5568.797,"end":5568.893},{"text":"a","start":5568.893,"end":5568.942},{"text":"maritime","start":5568.942,"end":5569.392},{"text":"vocation,","start":5569.504,"end":5570.147},{"text":"with","start":5570.163,"end":5570.324},{"text":"coastlines","start":5570.324,"end":5570.983},{"text":"on","start":5571.031,"end":5571.176},{"text":"two","start":5571.208,"end":5571.513},{"text":"oceans","start":5571.594,"end":5571.98},{"text":"and","start":5572.481,"end":5572.723},{"text":"a","start":5572.723,"end":5572.771},{"text":"clear","start":5573.062,"end":5573.45},{"text":"commitment","start":5573.45,"end":5574.21},{"text":"to","start":5574.274,"end":5574.614},{"text":"the","start":5575.729,"end":5575.826},{"text":"sustainable","start":5575.826,"end":5576.505},{"text":"protection","start":5576.521,"end":5577.022},{"text":"of","start":5577.022,"end":5577.103},{"text":"natural","start":5577.103,"end":5577.394},{"text":"resources.","start":5577.426,"end":5578.04}]},{"text":"Given its geostrategic location, my country is vulnerable to myriad challenges in maritime security, including drugs trafficking at sea, illegal fishing, irregular migration, illicit arms trafficking, and the protection of natural— our natural resources and marine ecosystems.","start":5579.268,"end":5605.106,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":5579.268,"end":5579.721},{"text":"its","start":5579.834,"end":5580.012},{"text":"geostrategic","start":5580.197,"end":5581.179},{"text":"location,","start":5581.179,"end":5581.791},{"text":"my","start":5582.307,"end":5582.532},{"text":"country","start":5582.532,"end":5582.919},{"text":"is","start":5583.016,"end":5583.08},{"text":"vulnerable","start":5583.193,"end":5583.628},{"text":"to","start":5583.821,"end":5584.095},{"text":"myriad","start":5584.304,"end":5584.691},{"text":"challenges","start":5584.788,"end":5585.335},{"text":"in","start":5585.593,"end":5585.722},{"text":"maritime","start":5585.851,"end":5586.334},{"text":"security,","start":5586.334,"end":5586.946},{"text":"including","start":5588.432,"end":5589.209},{"text":"drugs","start":5589.403,"end":5589.662},{"text":"trafficking","start":5589.662,"end":5590.261},{"text":"at","start":5590.439,"end":5590.601},{"text":"sea,","start":5590.601,"end":5590.957},{"text":"illegal","start":5591.67,"end":5592.091},{"text":"fishing,","start":5592.091,"end":5592.609},{"text":"irregular","start":5592.884,"end":5593.386},{"text":"migration,","start":5593.386,"end":5594.227},{"text":"illicit","start":5596.461,"end":5597.109},{"text":"arms","start":5597.157,"end":5597.383},{"text":"trafficking,","start":5597.416,"end":5597.949},{"text":"and","start":5599.177,"end":5599.355},{"text":"the","start":5599.355,"end":5599.435},{"text":"protection","start":5599.435,"end":5600.195},{"text":"of","start":5600.308,"end":5600.615},{"text":"natural—","start":5600.744,"end":5601.584},{"text":"our","start":5602.489,"end":5602.586},{"text":"natural","start":5602.586,"end":5602.974},{"text":"resources","start":5602.974,"end":5603.604},{"text":"and","start":5603.782,"end":5603.911},{"text":"marine","start":5603.959,"end":5604.331},{"text":"ecosystems.","start":5604.67,"end":5605.106}]},{"text":"In this regard, while Colombia is not a state party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, we recognize that it does regulate many human uses of the maritime domain, including in relation to freedom of navigation.","start":5606.144,"end":5624.572,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5606.144,"end":5606.192},{"text":"this","start":5606.224,"end":5606.353},{"text":"regard,","start":5606.449,"end":5606.867},{"text":"while","start":5607.108,"end":5607.413},{"text":"Colombia","start":5607.413,"end":5608.088},{"text":"is","start":5608.152,"end":5608.2},{"text":"not","start":5608.393,"end":5608.731},{"text":"a","start":5608.795,"end":5608.859},{"text":"state","start":5608.859,"end":5609.18},{"text":"party","start":5609.18,"end":5609.566},{"text":"to","start":5609.743,"end":5610},{"text":"the","start":5610,"end":5610.225},{"text":"United","start":5610.305,"end":5610.643},{"text":"Nations","start":5610.643,"end":5611.012},{"text":"Convention","start":5611.044,"end":5611.574},{"text":"on","start":5611.751,"end":5611.847},{"text":"the","start":5611.847,"end":5611.992},{"text":"Law","start":5611.992,"end":5612.121},{"text":"of","start":5612.169,"end":5612.217},{"text":"the","start":5612.249,"end":5612.329},{"text":"Sea,","start":5612.329,"end":5612.667},{"text":"we","start":5613.695,"end":5613.936},{"text":"recognize","start":5614.161,"end":5614.707},{"text":"that","start":5614.9,"end":5615.318},{"text":"it","start":5616.507,"end":5616.764},{"text":"does","start":5616.764,"end":5617.037},{"text":"regulate","start":5618.033,"end":5618.676},{"text":"many","start":5618.676,"end":5618.901},{"text":"human","start":5618.917,"end":5619.399},{"text":"uses","start":5619.399,"end":5619.929},{"text":"of","start":5620.106,"end":5620.33},{"text":"the","start":5620.363,"end":5620.636},{"text":"maritime","start":5620.829,"end":5621.294},{"text":"domain,","start":5621.407,"end":5621.857},{"text":"including","start":5622.05,"end":5622.66},{"text":"in","start":5622.756,"end":5622.821},{"text":"relation","start":5622.837,"end":5623.287},{"text":"to","start":5623.399,"end":5623.576},{"text":"freedom","start":5623.576,"end":5623.897},{"text":"of","start":5623.897,"end":5623.978},{"text":"navigation.","start":5623.978,"end":5624.572}]},{"text":"However, unfortunately, UNCLOS does not provide all the answers to circumstances such as the recent closure of the Strait of Hormuz.","start":5625.504,"end":5635.617,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5625.504,"end":5626.05},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":5626.146,"end":5627.078},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":5627.432,"end":5627.962},{"text":"does","start":5628.315,"end":5628.524},{"text":"not","start":5628.572,"end":5628.974},{"text":"provide","start":5629.119,"end":5629.649},{"text":"all","start":5629.745,"end":5629.793},{"text":"the","start":5629.906,"end":5630.051},{"text":"answers","start":5630.067,"end":5630.533},{"text":"to","start":5630.629,"end":5630.822},{"text":"circumstances","start":5630.822,"end":5631.898},{"text":"such","start":5632.22,"end":5632.381},{"text":"as","start":5632.721,"end":5632.867},{"text":"the","start":5632.98,"end":5633.126},{"text":"recent","start":5633.206,"end":5633.756},{"text":"closure","start":5633.789,"end":5634.404},{"text":"of","start":5634.452,"end":5634.565},{"text":"the","start":5634.598,"end":5634.679},{"text":"Strait","start":5634.679,"end":5635.083},{"text":"of","start":5635.083,"end":5635.213},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":5635.229,"end":5635.617}]},{"text":"Inter alia, because the convention is designed to apply in times of peace, and when conflicts arise, it does not contain all of the necessary tools.","start":5637.672,"end":5650.077,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Inter","start":5637.672,"end":5637.931},{"text":"alia,","start":5638.06,"end":5638.497},{"text":"because","start":5638.642,"end":5638.934},{"text":"the","start":5639.192,"end":5639.387},{"text":"convention","start":5639.451,"end":5640.147},{"text":"is","start":5640.406,"end":5640.551},{"text":"designed","start":5640.649,"end":5641.199},{"text":"to","start":5641.393,"end":5641.715},{"text":"apply","start":5642.022,"end":5642.296},{"text":"in","start":5642.684,"end":5642.732},{"text":"times","start":5642.829,"end":5643.168},{"text":"of","start":5643.168,"end":5643.297},{"text":"peace,","start":5643.33,"end":5643.604},{"text":"and","start":5644.524,"end":5644.96},{"text":"when","start":5645.025,"end":5645.154},{"text":"conflicts","start":5645.267,"end":5645.896},{"text":"arise,","start":5645.896,"end":5646.445},{"text":"it","start":5647.365,"end":5647.704},{"text":"does","start":5647.753,"end":5647.898},{"text":"not","start":5647.947,"end":5648.124},{"text":"contain","start":5648.253,"end":5648.705},{"text":"all","start":5648.802,"end":5648.899},{"text":"of","start":5648.899,"end":5648.98},{"text":"the","start":5648.98,"end":5649.06},{"text":"necessary","start":5649.06,"end":5649.593},{"text":"tools.","start":5649.69,"end":5650.077}]},{"text":"In the face of these regulatory gaps, or in the face of violations to the existing legal framework, the Security Council must play the role for which it was established.","start":5653.083,"end":5664.106,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5653.083,"end":5653.132},{"text":"the","start":5653.164,"end":5653.246},{"text":"face","start":5653.246,"end":5653.457},{"text":"of","start":5653.522,"end":5653.636},{"text":"these","start":5653.652,"end":5653.799},{"text":"regulatory","start":5653.913,"end":5654.694},{"text":"gaps,","start":5654.792,"end":5655.297},{"text":"or","start":5655.443,"end":5655.492},{"text":"in","start":5655.622,"end":5655.671},{"text":"the","start":5655.785,"end":5655.866},{"text":"face","start":5655.866,"end":5656.159},{"text":"of","start":5656.273,"end":5656.338},{"text":"violations","start":5656.338,"end":5657.136},{"text":"to","start":5657.234,"end":5657.413},{"text":"the","start":5657.413,"end":5657.641},{"text":"existing","start":5657.641,"end":5658.113},{"text":"legal","start":5658.292,"end":5658.731},{"text":"framework,","start":5658.71,"end":5659.212},{"text":"the","start":5659.309,"end":5659.39},{"text":"Security","start":5659.39,"end":5659.957},{"text":"Council","start":5659.957,"end":5660.622},{"text":"must","start":5661.011,"end":5661.497},{"text":"play","start":5661.497,"end":5661.821},{"text":"the","start":5661.837,"end":5661.918},{"text":"role","start":5661.983,"end":5662.113},{"text":"for","start":5662.323,"end":5662.55},{"text":"which","start":5662.55,"end":5662.761},{"text":"it","start":5662.874,"end":5663.02},{"text":"was","start":5663.036,"end":5663.247},{"text":"established.","start":5663.377,"end":5664.106}]},{"text":"The Council is in a position to send clear messages aimed at containment and at preventing greater escalation, and in a position to take measures to demand respect for the UN Charter and international law.","start":5665.33,"end":5681.438,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5665.33,"end":5665.362},{"text":"Council","start":5665.362,"end":5665.962},{"text":"is","start":5665.994,"end":5666.059},{"text":"in","start":5666.156,"end":5666.205},{"text":"a","start":5666.253,"end":5666.334},{"text":"position","start":5666.334,"end":5666.869},{"text":"to","start":5667.064,"end":5667.339},{"text":"send","start":5667.404,"end":5668.036},{"text":"clear","start":5668.036,"end":5668.377},{"text":"messages","start":5668.377,"end":5668.977},{"text":"aimed","start":5669.641,"end":5669.982},{"text":"at","start":5670.046,"end":5670.225},{"text":"containment","start":5670.29,"end":5671.116},{"text":"and","start":5671.262,"end":5671.44},{"text":"at","start":5671.44,"end":5671.586},{"text":"preventing","start":5671.586,"end":5672.121},{"text":"greater","start":5672.17,"end":5672.559},{"text":"escalation,","start":5672.575,"end":5673.256},{"text":"and","start":5675.78,"end":5675.974},{"text":"in","start":5675.974,"end":5676.054},{"text":"a","start":5676.054,"end":5676.119},{"text":"position","start":5676.119,"end":5676.651},{"text":"to","start":5676.764,"end":5677.021},{"text":"take","start":5677.166,"end":5677.505},{"text":"measures","start":5677.634,"end":5678.021},{"text":"to","start":5678.134,"end":5678.23},{"text":"demand","start":5678.295,"end":5678.778},{"text":"respect","start":5678.778,"end":5679.213},{"text":"for","start":5679.326,"end":5679.407},{"text":"the","start":5679.407,"end":5679.471},{"text":"UN","start":5679.568,"end":5679.761},{"text":"Charter","start":5679.89,"end":5680.277},{"text":"and","start":5680.293,"end":5680.551},{"text":"international","start":5680.551,"end":5681.196},{"text":"law.","start":5681.196,"end":5681.438}]},{"text":"That said, the Council's role is just one piece of the puzzle.","start":5682.63,"end":5687.615,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5682.63,"end":5682.743},{"text":"said,","start":5682.792,"end":5683.017},{"text":"the","start":5683.759,"end":5683.839},{"text":"Council's","start":5683.839,"end":5684.339},{"text":"role","start":5684.403,"end":5684.726},{"text":"is","start":5684.967,"end":5685.113},{"text":"just","start":5685.211,"end":5685.406},{"text":"one","start":5685.552,"end":5685.747},{"text":"piece","start":5686.039,"end":5686.331},{"text":"of","start":5686.754,"end":5686.9},{"text":"the","start":5687.079,"end":5687.176},{"text":"puzzle.","start":5687.176,"end":5687.615}]},{"text":"Indeed, maritime security must be addressed from a perspective of cooperation among naval forces, civilian agencies, regional organizations, multilateral actors, and the private sector.","start":5690.878,"end":5705.319,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":5690.878,"end":5691.023},{"text":"maritime","start":5691.039,"end":5691.555},{"text":"security","start":5691.603,"end":5692.28},{"text":"must","start":5692.699,"end":5693.182},{"text":"be","start":5693.182,"end":5693.392},{"text":"addressed","start":5693.44,"end":5694.069},{"text":"from","start":5694.069,"end":5694.359},{"text":"a","start":5694.552,"end":5694.601},{"text":"perspective","start":5694.729,"end":5695.374},{"text":"of","start":5695.374,"end":5695.503},{"text":"cooperation","start":5695.535,"end":5696.212},{"text":"among","start":5696.486,"end":5696.792},{"text":"naval","start":5697.453,"end":5697.791},{"text":"forces,","start":5697.791,"end":5698.404},{"text":"civilian","start":5699.21,"end":5699.534},{"text":"agencies,","start":5699.793,"end":5700.587},{"text":"regional","start":5700.781,"end":5701.089},{"text":"organizations,","start":5701.089,"end":5702.288},{"text":"multilateral","start":5702.742,"end":5703.569},{"text":"actors,","start":5703.682,"end":5704.152},{"text":"and","start":5704.184,"end":5704.33},{"text":"the","start":5704.33,"end":5704.428},{"text":"private","start":5704.428,"end":5704.719},{"text":"sector.","start":5704.768,"end":5705.319}]},{"text":"The isolated action of one country, agency, or organization is insufficient to address the many and very complex challenges facing freedom of navigation.","start":5707.223,"end":5720.785,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5707.223,"end":5707.369},{"text":"isolated","start":5707.369,"end":5708.409},{"text":"action","start":5708.507,"end":5708.978},{"text":"of","start":5709.238,"end":5709.384},{"text":"one","start":5709.482,"end":5709.628},{"text":"country,","start":5709.742,"end":5710.278},{"text":"agency,","start":5710.538,"end":5710.928},{"text":"or","start":5711.772,"end":5711.934},{"text":"organization","start":5711.934,"end":5712.806},{"text":"is","start":5714.114,"end":5714.259},{"text":"insufficient","start":5714.356,"end":5715.26},{"text":"to","start":5715.26,"end":5715.486},{"text":"address","start":5715.583,"end":5715.987},{"text":"the","start":5715.987,"end":5716.165},{"text":"many","start":5716.165,"end":5716.52},{"text":"and","start":5716.617,"end":5716.778},{"text":"very","start":5716.778,"end":5716.972},{"text":"complex","start":5717.037,"end":5717.666},{"text":"challenges","start":5717.666,"end":5718.296},{"text":"facing","start":5719.362,"end":5719.75},{"text":"freedom","start":5719.847,"end":5720.089},{"text":"of","start":5720.089,"end":5720.17},{"text":"navigation.","start":5720.186,"end":5720.785}]},{"text":"In addition, climate change and environmental degradation also have serious repercussions for maritime security, requiring urgent international action.","start":5721.949,"end":5736.749,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5721.949,"end":5722.046},{"text":"addition,","start":5722.046,"end":5722.483},{"text":"climate","start":5722.92,"end":5723.227},{"text":"change","start":5723.324,"end":5723.842},{"text":"and","start":5724.133,"end":5724.537},{"text":"environmental","start":5724.554,"end":5725.168},{"text":"degradation","start":5725.201,"end":5725.896},{"text":"also","start":5726.964,"end":5727.465},{"text":"have","start":5727.465,"end":5727.773},{"text":"serious","start":5727.773,"end":5728.339},{"text":"repercussions","start":5728.355,"end":5729.151},{"text":"for","start":5729.151,"end":5729.267},{"text":"maritime","start":5729.267,"end":5729.762},{"text":"security,","start":5729.828,"end":5730.455},{"text":"requiring","start":5733.865,"end":5734.481},{"text":"urgent","start":5734.983,"end":5735.469},{"text":"international","start":5735.485,"end":5736.311},{"text":"action.","start":5736.441,"end":5736.749}]},{"text":"Accordingly, Colombia advocates for the promotion of initiatives to strengthen international cooperation to address threats in the maritime domain.","start":5740.725,"end":5750.086,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":5740.725,"end":5741.415},{"text":"Colombia","start":5741.512,"end":5742.154},{"text":"advocates","start":5742.234,"end":5742.957},{"text":"for","start":5742.957,"end":5743.149},{"text":"the","start":5743.149,"end":5743.294},{"text":"promotion","start":5743.294,"end":5743.808},{"text":"of","start":5743.856,"end":5743.936},{"text":"initiatives","start":5743.936,"end":5744.53},{"text":"to","start":5744.659,"end":5744.9},{"text":"strengthen","start":5744.9,"end":5745.462},{"text":"international","start":5745.462,"end":5746.008},{"text":"cooperation","start":5746.008,"end":5746.553},{"text":"to","start":5747.212,"end":5747.437},{"text":"address","start":5747.693,"end":5748.207},{"text":"threats","start":5748.336,"end":5748.834},{"text":"in","start":5748.93,"end":5749.01},{"text":"the","start":5749.074,"end":5749.171},{"text":"maritime","start":5749.171,"end":5749.668},{"text":"domain.","start":5749.781,"end":5750.086}]},{"text":"This includes strengthening respect for the law of the sea and further developing the naval capacities of developing countries and states in the— and further developing naval capacities in— and regional cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean.","start":5751.162,"end":5774.964,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5751.162,"end":5751.354},{"text":"includes","start":5751.563,"end":5752.173},{"text":"strengthening","start":5753.586,"end":5754.245},{"text":"respect","start":5754.373,"end":5754.935},{"text":"for","start":5754.935,"end":5755.272},{"text":"the","start":5755.963,"end":5756.139},{"text":"law","start":5756.139,"end":5756.332},{"text":"of","start":5756.364,"end":5756.428},{"text":"the","start":5756.46,"end":5756.541},{"text":"sea","start":5756.541,"end":5756.942},{"text":"and","start":5757.649,"end":5758.034},{"text":"further","start":5758.13,"end":5758.516},{"text":"developing","start":5758.548,"end":5759.158},{"text":"the","start":5759.993,"end":5760.186},{"text":"naval","start":5760.796,"end":5761.149},{"text":"capacities","start":5761.197,"end":5761.968},{"text":"of","start":5762.144,"end":5762.289},{"text":"developing","start":5762.45,"end":5762.934},{"text":"countries","start":5763.273,"end":5763.823},{"text":"and","start":5763.855,"end":5763.936},{"text":"states","start":5763.936,"end":5764.275},{"text":"in","start":5764.34,"end":5764.388},{"text":"the—","start":5764.501,"end":5764.695},{"text":"and","start":5767.813,"end":5767.877},{"text":"further","start":5767.958,"end":5768.233},{"text":"developing","start":5768.233,"end":5768.75},{"text":"naval","start":5768.782,"end":5769.169},{"text":"capacities","start":5769.169,"end":5769.879},{"text":"in—","start":5770.46,"end":5770.751},{"text":"and","start":5772.494,"end":5772.559},{"text":"regional","start":5772.575,"end":5772.898},{"text":"cooperation","start":5772.898,"end":5773.495},{"text":"in","start":5773.689,"end":5773.77},{"text":"Latin","start":5773.866,"end":5774.092},{"text":"America","start":5774.092,"end":5774.302},{"text":"and","start":5774.334,"end":5774.415},{"text":"the","start":5774.415,"end":5774.496},{"text":"Caribbean.","start":5774.496,"end":5774.964}]},{"text":"In this regard, it is essential to train armed forces in maritime interdiction operations, to build their naval capacities, particularly for risk prevention, and to transfer necessary knowledge and technology to address emerging threats.","start":5775.803,"end":5792.561,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5775.803,"end":5775.932},{"text":"this","start":5775.965,"end":5776.191},{"text":"regard,","start":5776.191,"end":5776.449},{"text":"it","start":5776.465,"end":5776.691},{"text":"is","start":5776.691,"end":5776.74},{"text":"essential","start":5776.788,"end":5777.563},{"text":"to","start":5777.579,"end":5777.918},{"text":"train","start":5778.062,"end":5778.496},{"text":"armed","start":5778.625,"end":5778.834},{"text":"forces","start":5778.85,"end":5779.396},{"text":"in","start":5779.589,"end":5779.637},{"text":"maritime","start":5779.75,"end":5780.12},{"text":"interdiction","start":5780.232,"end":5780.827},{"text":"operations,","start":5780.971,"end":5781.727},{"text":"to","start":5781.904,"end":5781.968},{"text":"build","start":5782.08,"end":5782.498},{"text":"their","start":5782.627,"end":5782.804},{"text":"naval","start":5782.804,"end":5783.173},{"text":"capacities,","start":5783.205,"end":5783.816},{"text":"particularly","start":5783.848,"end":5784.459},{"text":"for","start":5784.491,"end":5784.716},{"text":"risk","start":5784.716,"end":5784.973},{"text":"prevention,","start":5784.973,"end":5785.584},{"text":"and","start":5786.243,"end":5786.548},{"text":"to","start":5786.564,"end":5786.822},{"text":"transfer","start":5786.822,"end":5787.414},{"text":"necessary","start":5787.874,"end":5788.433},{"text":"knowledge","start":5788.564,"end":5789.008},{"text":"and","start":5789.106,"end":5789.271},{"text":"technology","start":5789.271,"end":5789.83},{"text":"to","start":5790.423,"end":5790.552},{"text":"address","start":5791.082,"end":5791.42},{"text":"emerging","start":5791.629,"end":5791.998},{"text":"threats.","start":5792.03,"end":5792.561}]},{"text":"Further, Colombia believes that it is necessary to have more bilateral and multilateral instruments to combat drugs trafficking at sea, address human trafficking, as well as protect the rights of migrants at sea and improve the protection of the marine environment.","start":5793.718,"end":5812.974,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"Further,","start":5793.718,"end":5794.184},{"text":"Colombia","start":5794.264,"end":5794.843},{"text":"believes","start":5794.843,"end":5795.229},{"text":"that","start":5795.229,"end":5795.325},{"text":"it","start":5795.325,"end":5795.421},{"text":"is","start":5795.421,"end":5795.502},{"text":"necessary","start":5795.502,"end":5796.016},{"text":"to","start":5796.112,"end":5796.386},{"text":"have","start":5796.434,"end":5796.82},{"text":"more","start":5797.012,"end":5797.511},{"text":"bilateral","start":5798.041,"end":5798.732},{"text":"and","start":5798.925,"end":5799.07},{"text":"multilateral","start":5799.07,"end":5799.776},{"text":"instruments","start":5799.889,"end":5800.548},{"text":"to","start":5800.965,"end":5801.126},{"text":"combat","start":5802.138,"end":5802.508},{"text":"drugs","start":5802.958,"end":5803.215},{"text":"trafficking","start":5803.215,"end":5803.649},{"text":"at","start":5803.761,"end":5803.809},{"text":"sea,","start":5803.858,"end":5804.243},{"text":"address","start":5804.95,"end":5805.239},{"text":"human","start":5805.545,"end":5805.898},{"text":"trafficking,","start":5806.011,"end":5806.701},{"text":"as","start":5807.2,"end":5807.344},{"text":"well","start":5807.441,"end":5807.665},{"text":"as","start":5808.003,"end":5808.388},{"text":"protect","start":5808.63,"end":5809.136},{"text":"the","start":5809.136,"end":5809.234},{"text":"rights","start":5809.234,"end":5809.495},{"text":"of","start":5809.561,"end":5809.626},{"text":"migrants","start":5809.642,"end":5810.083},{"text":"at","start":5810.198,"end":5810.247},{"text":"sea","start":5810.312,"end":5810.639},{"text":"and","start":5810.769,"end":5810.884},{"text":"improve","start":5810.933,"end":5811.439},{"text":"the","start":5811.439,"end":5811.521},{"text":"protection","start":5811.521,"end":5811.978},{"text":"of","start":5812.011,"end":5812.076},{"text":"the","start":5812.076,"end":5812.141},{"text":"marine","start":5812.141,"end":5812.435},{"text":"environment.","start":5812.435,"end":5812.974}]},{"text":"Mr. President, today's debate follows in the footsteps steps of recent efforts to include the Security Council in discussions on new United Nations mechanisms to enhance peace and security in the maritime domain.","start":5815.14,"end":5828.287,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5815.14,"end":5815.339},{"text":"President,","start":5815.388,"end":5815.753},{"text":"today's","start":5815.869,"end":5816.283},{"text":"debate","start":5816.283,"end":5816.78},{"text":"follows","start":5816.78,"end":5817.095},{"text":"in","start":5817.128,"end":5817.178},{"text":"the","start":5817.211,"end":5817.294},{"text":"footsteps","start":5817.294,"end":5817.559},{"text":"steps","start":5817.53,"end":5817.804},{"text":"of","start":5817.804,"end":5817.949},{"text":"recent","start":5817.949,"end":5818.352},{"text":"efforts","start":5818.433,"end":5818.707},{"text":"to","start":5818.772,"end":5818.901},{"text":"include","start":5818.917,"end":5819.514},{"text":"the","start":5819.514,"end":5819.594},{"text":"Security","start":5819.594,"end":5820.127},{"text":"Council","start":5820.127,"end":5820.546},{"text":"in","start":5820.546,"end":5820.595},{"text":"discussions","start":5820.708,"end":5821.321},{"text":"on","start":5821.498,"end":5821.643},{"text":"new","start":5821.837,"end":5822.127},{"text":"United","start":5822.805,"end":5823.16},{"text":"Nations","start":5823.192,"end":5823.579},{"text":"mechanisms","start":5823.595,"end":5824.386},{"text":"to","start":5824.418,"end":5824.741},{"text":"enhance","start":5825.128,"end":5825.789},{"text":"peace","start":5825.789,"end":5826.112},{"text":"and","start":5826.112,"end":5826.257},{"text":"security","start":5826.257,"end":5826.886},{"text":"in","start":5827.16,"end":5827.209},{"text":"the","start":5827.29,"end":5827.323},{"text":"maritime","start":5827.323,"end":5827.872},{"text":"domain.","start":5827.988,"end":5828.287}]},{"text":"We welcome these efforts and we support, support the UN playing a more prominent role in this area.","start":5831.785,"end":5841.19,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5831.785,"end":5831.946},{"text":"welcome","start":5831.946,"end":5832.348},{"text":"these","start":5832.348,"end":5832.573},{"text":"efforts","start":5832.573,"end":5833.022},{"text":"and","start":5834.179,"end":5834.581},{"text":"we","start":5834.838,"end":5835.031},{"text":"support,","start":5835.706,"end":5836.445},{"text":"support","start":5836.847,"end":5837.329},{"text":"the","start":5837.329,"end":5837.409},{"text":"UN","start":5837.731,"end":5837.94},{"text":"playing","start":5838.293,"end":5838.583},{"text":"a","start":5838.759,"end":5838.775},{"text":"more","start":5838.775,"end":5839.065},{"text":"prominent","start":5839.081,"end":5839.659},{"text":"role","start":5839.74,"end":5839.948},{"text":"in","start":5840.528,"end":5840.593},{"text":"this","start":5840.69,"end":5840.867},{"text":"area.","start":5840.932,"end":5841.19}]},{"text":"A firm collective response to maritime threats is in all of our interests.","start":5841.981,"end":5846.704,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":5841.981,"end":5842.029},{"text":"firm","start":5842.078,"end":5842.384},{"text":"collective","start":5842.481,"end":5843.062},{"text":"response","start":5843.11,"end":5843.611},{"text":"to","start":5843.611,"end":5843.788},{"text":"maritime","start":5843.788,"end":5844.305},{"text":"threats","start":5844.418,"end":5845.015},{"text":"is","start":5845.066,"end":5845.291},{"text":"in","start":5845.548,"end":5845.612},{"text":"all","start":5845.869,"end":5845.965},{"text":"of","start":5845.965,"end":5846.03},{"text":"our","start":5846.03,"end":5846.206},{"text":"interests.","start":5846.206,"end":5846.704}]},{"text":"It is a basic building block for peace and security and essential to promoting economic prosperity, the rule of law, and sustainable development.","start":5848.117,"end":5859.051,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5848.117,"end":5848.277},{"text":"is","start":5848.277,"end":5848.342},{"text":"a","start":5848.839,"end":5848.855},{"text":"basic","start":5848.855,"end":5849.321},{"text":"building","start":5849.321,"end":5849.546},{"text":"block","start":5849.642,"end":5849.915},{"text":"for","start":5850.782,"end":5850.975},{"text":"peace","start":5851.103,"end":5851.344},{"text":"and","start":5851.344,"end":5851.425},{"text":"security","start":5851.425,"end":5852.035},{"text":"and","start":5852.854,"end":5853.046},{"text":"essential","start":5853.046,"end":5853.544},{"text":"to","start":5853.833,"end":5854.042},{"text":"promoting","start":5854.218,"end":5854.684},{"text":"economic","start":5854.796,"end":5855.278},{"text":"prosperity,","start":5855.278,"end":5856.049},{"text":"the","start":5856.225,"end":5856.386},{"text":"rule","start":5856.386,"end":5856.514},{"text":"of","start":5856.563,"end":5856.691},{"text":"law,","start":5856.723,"end":5856.836},{"text":"and","start":5857.671,"end":5857.783},{"text":"sustainable","start":5857.831,"end":5858.345},{"text":"development.","start":5858.345,"end":5859.051}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":5859.373,"end":5860.111,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5859.373,"end":5859.485},{"text":"you","start":5859.517,"end":5859.549},{"text":"very","start":5859.549,"end":5859.694},{"text":"much.","start":5859.694,"end":5860.111}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COL","affiliation_full":"Colombia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":5861.604,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=5862","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Colombia for the statement.","start":5861.604,"end":5865.169,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5861.604,"end":5861.701},{"text":"thank","start":5861.701,"end":5862.006},{"text":"the","start":5862.006,"end":5862.199},{"text":"representative","start":5862.343,"end":5863.114},{"text":"of","start":5863.226,"end":5863.355},{"text":"Colombia","start":5863.387,"end":5864.013},{"text":"for","start":5864.334,"end":5864.446},{"text":"the","start":5864.495,"end":5864.575},{"text":"statement.","start":5864.575,"end":5865.169}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Somalia.","start":5866.421,"end":5869.986,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5866.421,"end":5866.518},{"text":"now","start":5866.518,"end":5866.598},{"text":"give","start":5866.759,"end":5866.967},{"text":"the","start":5867.016,"end":5867.192},{"text":"floor","start":5867.401,"end":5867.754},{"text":"to","start":5868.204,"end":5868.332},{"text":"the","start":5868.364,"end":5868.445},{"text":"representative","start":5868.461,"end":5869.328},{"text":"of","start":5869.328,"end":5869.472},{"text":"Somalia.","start":5869.504,"end":5869.986}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":5872.92,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=5873","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President, Minister Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani.","start":5872.92,"end":5877.633,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5872.92,"end":5873.177},{"text":"you,","start":5873.177,"end":5873.225},{"text":"Mr.","start":5873.257,"end":5873.449},{"text":"President,","start":5873.497,"end":5874.139},{"text":"Minister","start":5874.7,"end":5875.02},{"text":"Abdul","start":5875.02,"end":5875.245},{"text":"Latif","start":5875.245,"end":5875.646},{"text":"bin","start":5876.447,"end":5876.511},{"text":"Rashid","start":5876.575,"end":5877.024},{"text":"Al","start":5877.024,"end":5877.184},{"text":"Zayani.","start":5877.184,"end":5877.633}]},{"text":"Bishukran, Your Excellency, for leading this important meeting today.","start":5878.531,"end":5883.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bishukran,","start":5878.531,"end":5879.108},{"text":"Your","start":5879.172,"end":5879.349},{"text":"Excellency,","start":5879.349,"end":5879.846},{"text":"for","start":5879.91,"end":5880.134},{"text":"leading","start":5880.15,"end":5880.359},{"text":"this","start":5880.471,"end":5880.727},{"text":"important","start":5880.952,"end":5881.801},{"text":"meeting","start":5883.1,"end":5883.404},{"text":"today.","start":5883.436,"end":5883.709}]},{"text":"Allow me also to express our appreciation to the Kingdom of Bahrain's President for convening this important and timely high-level open debate on the theme of paramount importance to the maintenance of international peace and security.","start":5884.639,"end":5901.764,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Somalia, a nation with the longest coastline of Africa's mainland, and situated in a crossroads of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, the security and sustainable management of our maritime domain are not merely a policy priorities.","start":5943.658,"end":5962.296,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5943.658,"end":5943.771},{"text":"Somalia,","start":5943.771,"end":5944.382},{"text":"a","start":5945.041,"end":5945.058},{"text":"nation","start":5945.058,"end":5945.556},{"text":"with","start":5945.926,"end":5946.039},{"text":"the","start":5946.071,"end":5946.103},{"text":"longest","start":5946.167,"end":5946.65},{"text":"coastline","start":5946.65,"end":5947.261},{"text":"of","start":5947.776,"end":5947.921},{"text":"Africa's","start":5948.001,"end":5948.307},{"text":"mainland,","start":5948.419,"end":5948.789},{"text":"and","start":5949.82,"end":5949.933},{"text":"situated","start":5949.965,"end":5950.575},{"text":"in","start":5950.928,"end":5950.976},{"text":"a","start":5951.024,"end":5951.041},{"text":"crossroads","start":5951.153,"end":5951.859},{"text":"of","start":5952.293,"end":5952.389},{"text":"the","start":5952.389,"end":5952.534},{"text":"Indian","start":5952.534,"end":5952.791},{"text":"Ocean","start":5952.855,"end":5953.144},{"text":"and","start":5953.658,"end":5953.722},{"text":"the","start":5953.722,"end":5953.802},{"text":"Red","start":5953.802,"end":5953.947},{"text":"Sea,","start":5953.995,"end":5954.316},{"text":"the","start":5955.344,"end":5955.424},{"text":"security","start":5955.424,"end":5956.114},{"text":"and","start":5956.291,"end":5956.339},{"text":"sustainable","start":5956.339,"end":5957.158},{"text":"management","start":5957.174,"end":5957.897},{"text":"of","start":5957.897,"end":5957.993},{"text":"our","start":5957.993,"end":5958.17},{"text":"maritime","start":5958.17,"end":5958.716},{"text":"domain","start":5958.716,"end":5959.085},{"text":"are","start":5959.759,"end":5959.904},{"text":"not","start":5959.904,"end":5960.145},{"text":"merely","start":5960.145,"end":5960.53},{"text":"a","start":5961.108,"end":5961.269},{"text":"policy","start":5961.269,"end":5961.734},{"text":"priorities.","start":5961.75,"end":5962.296}]},{"text":"They are matters of deep significance for the national and regional stability.","start":5962.874,"end":5967.804,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5962.874,"end":5962.938},{"text":"are","start":5962.955,"end":5962.987},{"text":"matters","start":5962.987,"end":5963.5},{"text":"of","start":5963.773,"end":5963.902},{"text":"deep","start":5963.934,"end":5964.175},{"text":"significance","start":5964.175,"end":5964.865},{"text":"for","start":5965.54,"end":5965.668},{"text":"the","start":5965.684,"end":5965.78},{"text":"national","start":5965.78,"end":5966.391},{"text":"and","start":5966.808,"end":5966.888},{"text":"regional","start":5966.969,"end":5967.258},{"text":"stability.","start":5967.258,"end":5967.804}]},{"text":"The safety of international waterways is a cornerstone of international peace and security and a vital enabler of the global economy.","start":5969.217,"end":5977.547,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5969.217,"end":5969.313},{"text":"safety","start":5969.313,"end":5969.73},{"text":"of","start":5969.73,"end":5969.859},{"text":"international","start":5969.859,"end":5970.357},{"text":"waterways","start":5970.357,"end":5970.886},{"text":"is","start":5971.143,"end":5971.256},{"text":"a","start":5971.256,"end":5971.4},{"text":"cornerstone","start":5971.4,"end":5972.091},{"text":"of","start":5972.605,"end":5972.701},{"text":"international","start":5972.701,"end":5973.295},{"text":"peace","start":5973.311,"end":5973.584},{"text":"and","start":5973.584,"end":5973.648},{"text":"security","start":5973.648,"end":5974.258},{"text":"and","start":5974.692,"end":5974.756},{"text":"a","start":5974.772,"end":5974.852},{"text":"vital","start":5974.852,"end":5975.317},{"text":"enabler","start":5975.414,"end":5975.943},{"text":"of","start":5976.521,"end":5976.617},{"text":"the","start":5976.617,"end":5976.697},{"text":"global","start":5976.697,"end":5977.034},{"text":"economy.","start":5977.034,"end":5977.547}]},{"text":"Recent developments have brought renewed attention to the vulnerability of critical maritime checkpoints.","start":5978.221,"end":5986.146,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":5978.221,"end":5978.542},{"text":"developments","start":5978.542,"end":5979.296},{"text":"have","start":5979.97,"end":5980.114},{"text":"brought","start":5980.21,"end":5980.627},{"text":"renewed","start":5980.627,"end":5981.076},{"text":"attention","start":5981.109,"end":5981.638},{"text":"to","start":5982.071,"end":5982.199},{"text":"the","start":5982.215,"end":5982.312},{"text":"vulnerability","start":5982.312,"end":5983.002},{"text":"of","start":5983.515,"end":5983.675},{"text":"critical","start":5983.675,"end":5984.285},{"text":"maritime","start":5984.301,"end":5985.167},{"text":"checkpoints.","start":5985.52,"end":5986.146}]},{"text":"These critical routes serve as major transit paths for global energy flows and movement of goods, including bulk of commodities, agricultural shipments, and manufacturing materials that are essential to global supply of chains.","start":5987.124,"end":6004.428,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5987.124,"end":5987.221},{"text":"critical","start":5987.365,"end":5987.91},{"text":"routes","start":5987.91,"end":5988.183},{"text":"serve","start":5988.809,"end":5989.146},{"text":"as","start":5989.146,"end":5989.37},{"text":"major","start":5989.386,"end":5989.771},{"text":"transit","start":5989.851,"end":5990.252},{"text":"paths","start":5990.252,"end":5990.605},{"text":"for","start":5991.199,"end":5991.375},{"text":"global","start":5991.375,"end":5991.76},{"text":"energy","start":5991.76,"end":5992.145},{"text":"flows","start":5992.161,"end":5992.466},{"text":"and","start":5993.541,"end":5993.685},{"text":"movement","start":5993.685,"end":5994.167},{"text":"of","start":5994.167,"end":5994.311},{"text":"goods,","start":5994.343,"end":5994.632},{"text":"including","start":5994.824,"end":5995.274},{"text":"bulk","start":5995.386,"end":5995.771},{"text":"of","start":5995.771,"end":5995.819},{"text":"commodities,","start":5995.931,"end":5997.519},{"text":"agricultural","start":5998.209,"end":5998.835},{"text":"shipments,","start":5998.835,"end":5999.477},{"text":"and","start":5999.958,"end":6000.102},{"text":"manufacturing","start":6000.102,"end":6000.728},{"text":"materials","start":6000.728,"end":6001.289},{"text":"that","start":6001.788,"end":6001.949},{"text":"are","start":6001.949,"end":6002.046},{"text":"essential","start":6002.046,"end":6002.674},{"text":"to","start":6002.931,"end":6003.092},{"text":"global","start":6003.156,"end":6003.495},{"text":"supply","start":6003.495,"end":6003.978},{"text":"of","start":6003.978,"end":6004.122},{"text":"chains.","start":6004.122,"end":6004.428}]},{"text":"In that regard, I would like to offer the following points.","start":6005.748,"end":6009.306,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6005.748,"end":6005.797},{"text":"that","start":6005.829,"end":6006.054},{"text":"regard,","start":6006.054,"end":6006.553},{"text":"I","start":6007.358,"end":6007.407},{"text":"would","start":6007.423,"end":6007.503},{"text":"like","start":6007.519,"end":6007.761},{"text":"to","start":6007.761,"end":6007.89},{"text":"offer","start":6007.922,"end":6008.163},{"text":"the","start":6008.405,"end":6008.55},{"text":"following","start":6008.55,"end":6008.856},{"text":"points.","start":6008.888,"end":6009.306}]},{"text":"First, upholding international law remains fundamental and the bedrock of maritime governance.","start":6011.23,"end":6018.88,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":6011.23,"end":6011.584},{"text":"upholding","start":6012.293,"end":6012.792},{"text":"international","start":6012.792,"end":6013.581},{"text":"law","start":6013.742,"end":6013.871},{"text":"remains","start":6014.483,"end":6014.853},{"text":"fundamental","start":6014.95,"end":6015.643},{"text":"and","start":6015.771,"end":6015.836},{"text":"the","start":6015.868,"end":6015.997},{"text":"bedrock","start":6016.013,"end":6016.432},{"text":"of","start":6017.06,"end":6017.189},{"text":"maritime","start":6017.285,"end":6017.753},{"text":"governance.","start":6018.413,"end":6018.88}]},{"text":"United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, UNCLOS, and other relevant instruments provide the definitive legal framework for maritime governance applicable to all activities in the oceans and seas, including the regulation of a passage through waterways used for international navigation.","start":6019.637,"end":6040.458,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"United","start":6019.637,"end":6019.927},{"text":"Nations","start":6019.959,"end":6020.426},{"text":"Convention","start":6020.426,"end":6021.054},{"text":"on","start":6021.649,"end":6021.73},{"text":"the","start":6021.73,"end":6021.875},{"text":"Law","start":6021.875,"end":6021.971},{"text":"of","start":6022.035,"end":6022.148},{"text":"the","start":6022.148,"end":6022.229},{"text":"Sea,","start":6022.229,"end":6022.454},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":6022.599,"end":6022.985},{"text":"and","start":6023.661,"end":6023.725},{"text":"other","start":6023.902,"end":6024.144},{"text":"relevant","start":6024.144,"end":6024.691},{"text":"instruments","start":6024.707,"end":6025.464},{"text":"provide","start":6025.834,"end":6026.445},{"text":"the","start":6026.477,"end":6026.558},{"text":"definitive","start":6026.638,"end":6027.218},{"text":"legal","start":6027.432,"end":6027.674},{"text":"framework","start":6027.674,"end":6028.399},{"text":"for","start":6028.866,"end":6029.043},{"text":"maritime","start":6029.043,"end":6029.414},{"text":"governance","start":6029.526,"end":6030.042},{"text":"applicable","start":6030.09,"end":6030.638},{"text":"to","start":6031.153,"end":6031.266},{"text":"all","start":6031.443,"end":6031.492},{"text":"activities","start":6031.701,"end":6032.313},{"text":"in","start":6032.426,"end":6032.474},{"text":"the","start":6032.506,"end":6032.651},{"text":"oceans","start":6032.732,"end":6033.086},{"text":"and","start":6033.231,"end":6033.296},{"text":"seas,","start":6033.328,"end":6033.682},{"text":"including","start":6034.423,"end":6034.89},{"text":"the","start":6035.406,"end":6035.486},{"text":"regulation","start":6035.486,"end":6036.147},{"text":"of","start":6036.147,"end":6036.26},{"text":"a","start":6036.26,"end":6036.292},{"text":"passage","start":6036.356,"end":6036.825},{"text":"through","start":6037.277,"end":6037.568},{"text":"waterways","start":6037.584,"end":6038.197},{"text":"used","start":6038.714,"end":6039.086},{"text":"for","start":6039.183,"end":6039.296},{"text":"international","start":6039.344,"end":6039.925},{"text":"navigation.","start":6039.925,"end":6040.458}]},{"text":"Somalia underscores the absolute necessity of reaffirming our commitment to this framework and upholding the freedom of navigation while respecting the navigational rights and freedoms of merchants and commercial vessels, as emphasized in the recent Council resolutions.","start":6042.122,"end":6059.963,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Somalia","start":6042.122,"end":6042.655},{"text":"underscores","start":6042.655,"end":6043.285},{"text":"the","start":6043.317,"end":6043.478},{"text":"absolute","start":6043.559,"end":6044.06},{"text":"necessity","start":6044.06,"end":6044.738},{"text":"of","start":6045.657,"end":6045.786},{"text":"reaffirming","start":6045.818,"end":6046.43},{"text":"our","start":6046.704,"end":6046.866},{"text":"commitment","start":6046.93,"end":6047.494},{"text":"to","start":6047.494,"end":6047.607},{"text":"this","start":6047.607,"end":6047.833},{"text":"framework","start":6047.833,"end":6048.38},{"text":"and","start":6048.397,"end":6048.461},{"text":"upholding","start":6048.558,"end":6049.09},{"text":"the","start":6049.589,"end":6049.654},{"text":"freedom","start":6049.686,"end":6050.024},{"text":"of","start":6050.024,"end":6050.137},{"text":"navigation","start":6050.185,"end":6050.862},{"text":"while","start":6050.959,"end":6051.136},{"text":"respecting","start":6051.136,"end":6051.668},{"text":"the","start":6052.184,"end":6052.28},{"text":"navigational","start":6052.28,"end":6052.909},{"text":"rights","start":6052.909,"end":6053.586},{"text":"and","start":6053.878,"end":6053.974},{"text":"freedoms","start":6053.974,"end":6054.423},{"text":"of","start":6054.712,"end":6054.825},{"text":"merchants","start":6054.921,"end":6055.371},{"text":"and","start":6055.499,"end":6055.58},{"text":"commercial","start":6055.66,"end":6056.061},{"text":"vessels,","start":6056.061,"end":6056.511},{"text":"as","start":6057.089,"end":6057.153},{"text":"emphasized","start":6057.33,"end":6057.956},{"text":"in","start":6058.389,"end":6058.438},{"text":"the","start":6058.47,"end":6058.55},{"text":"recent","start":6058.55,"end":6058.935},{"text":"Council","start":6058.935,"end":6059.353},{"text":"resolutions.","start":6059.353,"end":6059.963}]},{"text":"We must ensure our maritime domain remains governed by the rule of law, with full respect of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of coastal States, which is essential for building trust and ensuring effective actions.","start":6061.36,"end":6076.18,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6061.36,"end":6061.456},{"text":"must","start":6061.456,"end":6061.858},{"text":"ensure","start":6061.922,"end":6062.275},{"text":"our","start":6062.869,"end":6062.917},{"text":"maritime","start":6062.95,"end":6063.415},{"text":"domain","start":6063.447,"end":6063.817},{"text":"remains","start":6063.849,"end":6064.298},{"text":"governed","start":6064.314,"end":6064.86},{"text":"by","start":6065.214,"end":6065.374},{"text":"the","start":6065.374,"end":6065.519},{"text":"rule","start":6065.519,"end":6065.647},{"text":"of","start":6065.695,"end":6065.792},{"text":"law,","start":6065.856,"end":6065.936},{"text":"with","start":6066.578,"end":6066.739},{"text":"full","start":6066.739,"end":6066.98},{"text":"respect","start":6066.98,"end":6067.526},{"text":"of","start":6067.542,"end":6067.622},{"text":"the","start":6067.622,"end":6067.702},{"text":"sovereignty","start":6067.702,"end":6068.264},{"text":"and","start":6068.746,"end":6068.81},{"text":"territorial","start":6068.89,"end":6069.372},{"text":"integrity","start":6069.372,"end":6069.998},{"text":"of","start":6070.191,"end":6070.32},{"text":"coastal","start":6070.352,"end":6070.753},{"text":"States,","start":6070.753,"end":6071.235},{"text":"which","start":6071.716,"end":6071.813},{"text":"is","start":6071.893,"end":6071.973},{"text":"essential","start":6071.973,"end":6072.551},{"text":"for","start":6072.84,"end":6072.969},{"text":"building","start":6073.081,"end":6073.37},{"text":"trust","start":6073.402,"end":6073.98},{"text":"and","start":6074.269,"end":6074.35},{"text":"ensuring","start":6074.43,"end":6074.896},{"text":"effective","start":6075.329,"end":6075.779},{"text":"actions.","start":6075.811,"end":6076.18}]},{"text":"Second, we believe Effective maritime security requires coordinated, holistic approach to address the root causes.","start":6077.192,"end":6085.883,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":6077.192,"end":6077.625},{"text":"we","start":6078.203,"end":6078.3},{"text":"believe","start":6078.3,"end":6078.749},{"text":"Effective","start":6078.926,"end":6079.423},{"text":"maritime","start":6079.423,"end":6079.888},{"text":"security","start":6079.888,"end":6080.368},{"text":"requires","start":6080.384,"end":6080.833},{"text":"coordinated,","start":6081.426,"end":6082.116},{"text":"holistic","start":6082.709,"end":6083.254},{"text":"approach","start":6083.334,"end":6083.719},{"text":"to","start":6084.136,"end":6084.216},{"text":"address","start":6084.216,"end":6084.729},{"text":"the","start":6085.113,"end":6085.258},{"text":"root","start":6085.258,"end":6085.498},{"text":"causes.","start":6085.514,"end":6085.883}]},{"text":"It's imperative to recognize that maritime security is inextricably linked to the sustainable development on land.","start":6087.037,"end":6094.411,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":6087.037,"end":6087.197},{"text":"imperative","start":6087.197,"end":6087.774},{"text":"to","start":6087.774,"end":6087.919},{"text":"recognize","start":6087.919,"end":6088.448},{"text":"that","start":6088.56,"end":6088.768},{"text":"maritime","start":6088.8,"end":6089.185},{"text":"security","start":6089.185,"end":6089.81},{"text":"is","start":6090.403,"end":6090.452},{"text":"inextricably","start":6090.708,"end":6091.654},{"text":"linked","start":6092.087,"end":6092.407},{"text":"to","start":6092.407,"end":6092.552},{"text":"the","start":6092.552,"end":6092.648},{"text":"sustainable","start":6092.648,"end":6093.225},{"text":"development","start":6093.273,"end":6093.93},{"text":"on","start":6093.93,"end":6094.026},{"text":"land.","start":6094.09,"end":6094.411}]},{"text":"Poverty, unemployment, and lack of opportunity often serve as significant drivers pushing vulnerable populations toward the criminal and illicit activities at sea.","start":6094.892,"end":6107.419,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"Poverty,","start":6094.892,"end":6095.421},{"text":"unemployment,","start":6095.934,"end":6096.735},{"text":"and","start":6096.896,"end":6096.96},{"text":"lack","start":6097.04,"end":6097.28},{"text":"of","start":6097.297,"end":6097.393},{"text":"opportunity","start":6097.457,"end":6098.098},{"text":"often","start":6098.579,"end":6098.835},{"text":"serve","start":6098.835,"end":6099.204},{"text":"as","start":6099.204,"end":6099.252},{"text":"significant","start":6099.252,"end":6100.006},{"text":"drivers","start":6100.006,"end":6100.39},{"text":"pushing","start":6101.529,"end":6101.833},{"text":"vulnerable","start":6102.25,"end":6102.779},{"text":"populations","start":6103.051,"end":6103.677},{"text":"toward","start":6104.109,"end":6104.35},{"text":"the","start":6104.35,"end":6104.51},{"text":"criminal","start":6104.51,"end":6105.119},{"text":"and","start":6105.473,"end":6105.537},{"text":"illicit","start":6105.634,"end":6106.197},{"text":"activities","start":6106.438,"end":6106.969},{"text":"at","start":6107.017,"end":6107.146},{"text":"sea.","start":6107.146,"end":6107.419}]},{"text":"Among these illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing stands out as devastating transnational crime that depletes vital marine resources, degrades ocean ecosystems, and causes irreversible damage.","start":6109.333,"end":6126.242,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"Among","start":6109.333,"end":6109.542},{"text":"these","start":6109.639,"end":6109.784},{"text":"illegal,","start":6110.138,"end":6110.781},{"text":"unreported,","start":6110.942,"end":6111.714},{"text":"and","start":6111.81,"end":6111.891},{"text":"unregulated","start":6111.987,"end":6112.792},{"text":"fishing","start":6114.302,"end":6114.688},{"text":"stands","start":6114.897,"end":6115.331},{"text":"out","start":6115.507,"end":6115.781},{"text":"as","start":6115.781,"end":6115.893},{"text":"devastating","start":6116.006,"end":6116.697},{"text":"transnational","start":6117.195,"end":6117.805},{"text":"crime","start":6117.854,"end":6118.271},{"text":"that","start":6118.641,"end":6118.802},{"text":"depletes","start":6118.802,"end":6119.236},{"text":"vital","start":6120.184,"end":6120.618},{"text":"marine","start":6120.746,"end":6121.132},{"text":"resources,","start":6121.132,"end":6121.678},{"text":"degrades","start":6122,"end":6122.241},{"text":"ocean","start":6122.435,"end":6122.903},{"text":"ecosystems,","start":6122.919,"end":6123.613},{"text":"and","start":6124.209,"end":6124.354},{"text":"causes","start":6124.354,"end":6124.742},{"text":"irreversible","start":6125.193,"end":6125.871},{"text":"damage.","start":6125.903,"end":6126.242}]},{"text":"Addressing these drivers through an African Union Blue Economy Initiative and the 25th Integrated Maritime Strategy is vital for fostering the long-term stability to eliminate these drivers.","start":6127.822,"end":6141.452,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Addressing","start":6127.822,"end":6128.29},{"text":"these","start":6128.322,"end":6128.452},{"text":"drivers","start":6128.629,"end":6129.097},{"text":"through","start":6129.355,"end":6129.532},{"text":"an","start":6129.532,"end":6129.645},{"text":"African","start":6129.758,"end":6130.161},{"text":"Union","start":6130.161,"end":6130.597},{"text":"Blue","start":6130.661,"end":6130.887},{"text":"Economy","start":6130.919,"end":6131.436},{"text":"Initiative","start":6131.565,"end":6131.887},{"text":"and","start":6132.734,"end":6132.798},{"text":"the","start":6132.83,"end":6132.974},{"text":"25th","start":6132.974,"end":6133.665},{"text":"Integrated","start":6133.777,"end":6134.42},{"text":"Maritime","start":6134.42,"end":6134.789},{"text":"Strategy","start":6134.901,"end":6135.431},{"text":"is","start":6135.881,"end":6135.993},{"text":"vital","start":6136.089,"end":6136.571},{"text":"for","start":6136.587,"end":6136.748},{"text":"fostering","start":6136.748,"end":6137.278},{"text":"the","start":6137.711,"end":6137.791},{"text":"long-term","start":6137.872,"end":6138.53},{"text":"stability","start":6138.53,"end":6139.156},{"text":"to","start":6139.815,"end":6139.959},{"text":"eliminate","start":6140.023,"end":6140.73},{"text":"these","start":6140.762,"end":6140.89},{"text":"drivers.","start":6140.987,"end":6141.452}]},{"text":"Third, capacity building and technology transfers are paramount for effective enforcement.","start":6142.689,"end":6149.111,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":6142.689,"end":6143.026},{"text":"capacity","start":6143.732,"end":6144.31},{"text":"building","start":6144.375,"end":6144.744},{"text":"and","start":6145.579,"end":6145.643},{"text":"technology","start":6145.739,"end":6146.301},{"text":"transfers","start":6146.301,"end":6146.831},{"text":"are","start":6147.008,"end":6147.152},{"text":"paramount","start":6147.168,"end":6147.747},{"text":"for","start":6147.747,"end":6147.891},{"text":"effective","start":6147.987,"end":6148.549},{"text":"enforcement.","start":6148.549,"end":6149.111}]},{"text":"Efforts to address maritime threats are most effective when coastal states possess the necessary surveillance law enforcement and judicial capacities, as they have primary responsibilities.","start":6150.219,"end":6163.211,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Efforts","start":6150.219,"end":6150.556},{"text":"to","start":6150.556,"end":6150.669},{"text":"address","start":6150.701,"end":6151.038},{"text":"maritime","start":6151.038,"end":6151.504},{"text":"threats","start":6151.52,"end":6152.018},{"text":"are","start":6152.403,"end":6152.547},{"text":"most","start":6152.547,"end":6152.869},{"text":"effective","start":6152.885,"end":6153.495},{"text":"when","start":6153.527,"end":6153.687},{"text":"coastal","start":6153.752,"end":6154.153},{"text":"states","start":6154.153,"end":6154.538},{"text":"possess","start":6155.293,"end":6155.662},{"text":"the","start":6156.096,"end":6156.192},{"text":"necessary","start":6156.192,"end":6156.819},{"text":"surveillance","start":6156.819,"end":6157.75},{"text":"law","start":6158.167,"end":6158.296},{"text":"enforcement","start":6158.36,"end":6159.195},{"text":"and","start":6159.372,"end":6159.436},{"text":"judicial","start":6159.468,"end":6159.934},{"text":"capacities,","start":6159.934,"end":6160.56},{"text":"as","start":6161.219,"end":6161.364},{"text":"they","start":6161.396,"end":6161.556},{"text":"have","start":6161.621,"end":6161.845},{"text":"primary","start":6161.958,"end":6162.359},{"text":"responsibilities.","start":6162.359,"end":6163.211}]},{"text":"Strengthening international cooperation is essential to mitigate the impacts of evolving threats, and we must build on existing national, regional and international initiatives to enhance Member States' capacity.","start":6164.383,"end":6178.485,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Strengthening","start":6164.383,"end":6164.897},{"text":"international","start":6165.09,"end":6165.572},{"text":"cooperation","start":6165.572,"end":6166.102},{"text":"is","start":6166.198,"end":6166.262},{"text":"essential","start":6166.31,"end":6166.921},{"text":"to","start":6167.322,"end":6167.386},{"text":"mitigate","start":6167.402,"end":6168.077},{"text":"the","start":6168.366,"end":6168.446},{"text":"impacts","start":6168.462,"end":6169.49},{"text":"of","start":6169.571,"end":6169.635},{"text":"evolving","start":6169.763,"end":6170.277},{"text":"threats,","start":6170.309,"end":6170.775},{"text":"and","start":6170.872,"end":6171.016},{"text":"we","start":6171.016,"end":6171.113},{"text":"must","start":6171.113,"end":6171.466},{"text":"build","start":6171.514,"end":6171.883},{"text":"on","start":6172.237,"end":6172.285},{"text":"existing","start":6172.381,"end":6172.927},{"text":"national,","start":6172.96,"end":6173.634},{"text":"regional","start":6173.987,"end":6174.55},{"text":"and","start":6174.887,"end":6174.951},{"text":"international","start":6174.983,"end":6175.497},{"text":"initiatives","start":6175.529,"end":6176.108},{"text":"to","start":6176.172,"end":6176.316},{"text":"enhance","start":6176.332,"end":6176.702},{"text":"Member","start":6177.216,"end":6177.537},{"text":"States'","start":6177.537,"end":6177.938},{"text":"capacity.","start":6177.938,"end":6178.485}]},{"text":"Many African countries continue to require sustained tailored support to strengthen their processes.","start":6179.625,"end":6187.301,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":6179.625,"end":6179.882},{"text":"African","start":6179.946,"end":6180.315},{"text":"countries","start":6180.348,"end":6180.797},{"text":"continue","start":6180.829,"end":6181.327},{"text":"to","start":6181.392,"end":6181.488},{"text":"require","start":6181.488,"end":6182.05},{"text":"sustained","start":6182.693,"end":6183.399},{"text":"tailored","start":6183.56,"end":6184.122},{"text":"support","start":6184.379,"end":6185.262},{"text":"to","start":6185.712,"end":6185.824},{"text":"strengthen","start":6185.824,"end":6186.418},{"text":"their","start":6186.595,"end":6186.755},{"text":"processes.","start":6186.755,"end":6187.301}]},{"text":"We underscored the importance of tailored training, access to advanced technology, and investment in human and institutional resources, as articulated in Lomé Charter.","start":6188.537,"end":6199.135,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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statement.","start":6314.442,"end":6318.855,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6314.442,"end":6314.523},{"text":"thank","start":6314.523,"end":6314.829},{"text":"the","start":6314.829,"end":6314.958},{"text":"representative","start":6315.167,"end":6315.94},{"text":"of","start":6316.053,"end":6316.262},{"text":"Somalia","start":6316.278,"end":6316.858},{"text":"for","start":6317.889,"end":6318.082},{"text":"the","start":6318.13,"end":6318.211},{"text":"statement.","start":6318.211,"end":6318.855}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of the Russian Federation.","start":6319.177,"end":6323.219,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6319.177,"end":6319.225},{"text":"now","start":6319.274,"end":6319.37},{"text":"give","start":6319.515,"end":6319.644},{"text":"the","start":6319.676,"end":6319.757},{"text":"floor","start":6319.757,"end":6320.256},{"text":"to","start":6320.32,"end":6320.449},{"text":"the","start":6320.481,"end":6320.578},{"text":"representative","start":6320.578,"end":6321.464},{"text":"of","start":6321.512,"end":6321.738},{"text":"the","start":6321.834,"end":6322.043},{"text":"Russian","start":6322.333,"end":6322.704},{"text":"Federation.","start":6322.736,"end":6323.219}]},{"text":"Gospodin.","start":6325.15,"end":6325.601,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Gospodin.","start":6325.15,"end":6325.601}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":6326.295,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=6327","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Mr. Minister, we have taken note of the decision of the Bahraini delegation to organize an open debate dedicated to the question of maritime security.","start":6326.295,"end":6341.629,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6326.295,"end":6326.489},{"text":"President,","start":6326.537,"end":6327.199},{"text":"Mr.","start":6329.845,"end":6330.054},{"text":"Minister,","start":6330.103,"end":6330.555},{"text":"we","start":6333.717,"end":6333.814},{"text":"have","start":6333.814,"end":6333.894},{"text":"taken","start":6333.894,"end":6334.217},{"text":"note","start":6334.217,"end":6334.62},{"text":"of","start":6334.62,"end":6334.75},{"text":"the","start":6334.75,"end":6334.928},{"text":"decision","start":6334.928,"end":6335.381},{"text":"of","start":6335.494,"end":6335.607},{"text":"the","start":6335.607,"end":6335.753},{"text":"Bahraini","start":6335.753,"end":6336.287},{"text":"delegation","start":6336.498,"end":6337.08},{"text":"to","start":6337.194,"end":6337.355},{"text":"organize","start":6337.792,"end":6338.149},{"text":"an","start":6338.181,"end":6338.278},{"text":"open","start":6338.278,"end":6338.505},{"text":"debate","start":6338.505,"end":6338.99},{"text":"dedicated","start":6339.476,"end":6340.042},{"text":"to","start":6340.042,"end":6340.22},{"text":"the","start":6340.301,"end":6340.593},{"text":"question","start":6340.593,"end":6340.949},{"text":"of","start":6340.949,"end":6341.013},{"text":"maritime","start":6341.013,"end":6341.305},{"text":"security.","start":6341.305,"end":6341.629}]},{"text":"Security.","start":6341.72,"end":6342.281,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Security.","start":6341.72,"end":6342.281}]},{"text":"We thank the UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, Arsenio Dominguez, as well as Nick Childs for their briefings.","start":6342.794,"end":6351.179,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6342.794,"end":6343.05},{"text":"thank","start":6343.13,"end":6343.595},{"text":"the","start":6343.659,"end":6343.916},{"text":"UN","start":6343.916,"end":6344.108},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":6344.14,"end":6344.686},{"text":"Antonio","start":6344.702,"end":6345.022},{"text":"Guterres,","start":6345.022,"end":6346.289},{"text":"Arsenio","start":6346.946,"end":6347.379},{"text":"Dominguez,","start":6347.443,"end":6347.972},{"text":"as","start":6348.149,"end":6348.213},{"text":"well","start":6348.309,"end":6348.421},{"text":"as","start":6348.421,"end":6348.533},{"text":"Nick","start":6348.566,"end":6348.79},{"text":"Childs","start":6348.79,"end":6349.175},{"text":"for","start":6349.351,"end":6349.56},{"text":"their","start":6349.992,"end":6350.121},{"text":"briefings.","start":6350.489,"end":6351.179}]},{"text":"As is well known, the Russian Federation did not support the idea of discussion of maritime security at the UN Security Council insofar as this was— is being considered at length and in detail at the corresponding specialized 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the overall situation with maritime security that has been unfolding recently in the world's oceans and seas not only constitutes a grave threat to global and international trade and is a factor in the outbreak of the global economic crisis, but this is also liable to trigger military escalation.","start":6364.342,"end":6384.641,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":6364.342,"end":6364.646},{"text":"the","start":6364.694,"end":6364.903},{"text":"overall","start":6365.063,"end":6365.368},{"text":"situation","start":6365.416,"end":6365.993},{"text":"with","start":6365.993,"end":6366.105},{"text":"maritime","start":6366.121,"end":6366.474},{"text":"security","start":6366.506,"end":6367.212},{"text":"that","start":6367.709,"end":6367.837},{"text":"has","start":6367.869,"end":6367.933},{"text":"been","start":6368.029,"end":6368.126},{"text":"unfolding","start":6368.142,"end":6368.639},{"text":"recently","start":6368.687,"end":6369.136},{"text":"in","start":6369.312,"end":6369.456},{"text":"the","start":6369.568,"end":6369.697},{"text":"world's","start":6369.713,"end":6370.033},{"text":"oceans","start":6370.114,"end":6370.739},{"text":"and","start":6371.477,"end":6371.59},{"text":"seas","start":6371.638,"end":6372.104},{"text":"not","start":6372.216,"end":6372.377},{"text":"only","start":6372.377,"end":6372.618},{"text":"constitutes","start":6372.618,"end":6373.309},{"text":"a","start":6373.357,"end":6373.373},{"text":"grave","start":6373.421,"end":6373.711},{"text":"threat","start":6373.727,"end":6374.161},{"text":"to","start":6374.209,"end":6374.418},{"text":"global","start":6374.61,"end":6375.06},{"text":"and","start":6375.269,"end":6375.334},{"text":"international","start":6375.43,"end":6376.073},{"text":"trade","start":6376.073,"end":6376.41},{"text":"and","start":6376.41,"end":6376.555},{"text":"is","start":6376.555,"end":6376.683},{"text":"a","start":6376.715,"end":6376.731},{"text":"factor","start":6376.78,"end":6377.294},{"text":"in","start":6377.519,"end":6377.583},{"text":"the","start":6377.583,"end":6377.679},{"text":"outbreak","start":6377.824,"end":6378.242},{"text":"of","start":6378.242,"end":6378.322},{"text":"the","start":6378.322,"end":6378.402},{"text":"global","start":6378.467,"end":6378.868},{"text":"economic","start":6378.981,"end":6379.608},{"text":"crisis,","start":6379.608,"end":6380.057},{"text":"but","start":6380.17,"end":6380.25},{"text":"this","start":6380.266,"end":6380.379},{"text":"is","start":6380.427,"end":6380.507},{"text":"also","start":6380.572,"end":6380.817},{"text":"liable","start":6380.817,"end":6381.356},{"text":"to","start":6381.373,"end":6381.536},{"text":"trigger","start":6382.108,"end":6382.419},{"text":"military","start":6383.007,"end":6383.644},{"text":"escalation.","start":6383.922,"end":6384.641}]},{"text":"The situation is such that threats of maritime security are now not necessarily emanating from pirates or other criminal elements; rather, they are emanating from new 21st century flibustiers— countries of the European Union who have no qualms about seizing and interdicting commercial vessels in egregious breach of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":6386.26,"end":6412.877,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6386.26,"end":6386.452},{"text":"situation","start":6386.452,"end":6387.304},{"text":"is","start":6388.124,"end":6388.269},{"text":"such","start":6388.397,"end":6388.783},{"text":"that","start":6388.799,"end":6389.169},{"text":"threats","start":6389.169,"end":6389.522},{"text":"of","start":6389.731,"end":6389.876},{"text":"maritime","start":6389.892,"end":6390.229},{"text":"security","start":6390.229,"end":6390.808},{"text":"are","start":6391.499,"end":6391.547},{"text":"now","start":6391.772,"end":6392.03},{"text":"not","start":6392.303,"end":6392.448},{"text":"necessarily","start":6392.48,"end":6393.01},{"text":"emanating","start":6393.042,"end":6393.412},{"text":"from","start":6393.444,"end":6393.653},{"text":"pirates","start":6393.669,"end":6394.183},{"text":"or","start":6394.183,"end":6394.392},{"text":"other","start":6394.408,"end":6394.649},{"text":"criminal","start":6394.649,"end":6395.214},{"text":"elements;","start":6395.214,"end":6395.85},{"text":"rather,","start":6396.177,"end":6396.422},{"text":"they","start":6396.438,"end":6396.52},{"text":"are","start":6396.52,"end":6396.716},{"text":"emanating","start":6396.765,"end":6397.222},{"text":"from","start":6397.32,"end":6397.467},{"text":"new","start":6397.581,"end":6397.842},{"text":"21st","start":6398.346,"end":6399.181},{"text":"century","start":6399.229,"end":6399.614},{"text":"flibustiers—","start":6399.646,"end":6400.658},{"text":"countries","start":6401.637,"end":6401.974},{"text":"of","start":6401.974,"end":6402.055},{"text":"the","start":6402.055,"end":6402.103},{"text":"European","start":6402.135,"end":6402.568},{"text":"Union","start":6402.697,"end":6403.114},{"text":"who","start":6403.243,"end":6403.275},{"text":"have","start":6403.323,"end":6403.548},{"text":"no","start":6403.644,"end":6403.901},{"text":"qualms","start":6403.965,"end":6404.511},{"text":"about","start":6404.559,"end":6405.025},{"text":"seizing","start":6405.025,"end":6405.394},{"text":"and","start":6405.491,"end":6405.635},{"text":"interdicting","start":6405.667,"end":6406.278},{"text":"commercial","start":6406.374,"end":6406.92},{"text":"vessels","start":6406.936,"end":6407.401},{"text":"in","start":6408.14,"end":6408.285},{"text":"egregious","start":6408.558,"end":6409.152},{"text":"breach","start":6409.36,"end":6409.649},{"text":"of","start":6409.906,"end":6410.131},{"text":"the","start":6410.163,"end":6410.227},{"text":"1982","start":6410.5,"end":6411.512},{"text":"UN","start":6411.512,"end":6411.656},{"text":"Convention","start":6411.753,"end":6412.09},{"text":"on","start":6412.09,"end":6412.17},{"text":"the","start":6412.17,"end":6412.235},{"text":"Law","start":6412.235,"end":6412.299},{"text":"of","start":6412.315,"end":6412.379},{"text":"the","start":6412.411,"end":6412.491},{"text":"Sea.","start":6412.491,"end":6412.877}]},{"text":"This, in turn, is undermining energy and food security and is posing problems of a humanitarian nature for developing states.","start":6412.973,"end":6423.233,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"This,","start":6412.973,"end":6413.166},{"text":"in","start":6413.358,"end":6413.407},{"text":"turn,","start":6413.519,"end":6413.888},{"text":"is","start":6414.563,"end":6414.627},{"text":"undermining","start":6414.723,"end":6415.269},{"text":"energy","start":6415.446,"end":6415.751},{"text":"and","start":6415.783,"end":6415.863},{"text":"food","start":6415.928,"end":6416.473},{"text":"security","start":6416.522,"end":6417.196},{"text":"and","start":6417.774,"end":6418.159},{"text":"is","start":6418.256,"end":6418.32},{"text":"posing","start":6418.497,"end":6418.882},{"text":"problems","start":6418.994,"end":6419.605},{"text":"of","start":6419.733,"end":6419.974},{"text":"a","start":6419.974,"end":6420.022},{"text":"humanitarian","start":6420.022,"end":6420.648},{"text":"nature","start":6420.68,"end":6421.178},{"text":"for","start":6421.724,"end":6421.917},{"text":"developing","start":6422.029,"end":6422.511},{"text":"states.","start":6422.671,"end":6423.233}]},{"text":"At the same time, unlike pirates who raised their black flags with skull and crossbones on their vessels, Western countries are attempting to conceal their lawless actions with references to unilateral coercive measures.","start":6424.454,"end":6442.979,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":6424.454,"end":6424.534},{"text":"the","start":6424.534,"end":6424.615},{"text":"same","start":6424.615,"end":6424.952},{"text":"time,","start":6425,"end":6425.145},{"text":"unlike","start":6425.322,"end":6425.595},{"text":"pirates","start":6425.659,"end":6426.157},{"text":"who","start":6426.928,"end":6427.041},{"text":"raised","start":6427.748,"end":6428.712},{"text":"their","start":6429.419,"end":6429.547},{"text":"black","start":6430.72,"end":6431.025},{"text":"flags","start":6431.298,"end":6432.214},{"text":"with","start":6432.311,"end":6432.616},{"text":"skull","start":6432.728,"end":6432.969},{"text":"and","start":6432.969,"end":6433.114},{"text":"crossbones","start":6433.114,"end":6433.901},{"text":"on","start":6434.48,"end":6434.512},{"text":"their","start":6434.512,"end":6434.592},{"text":"vessels,","start":6434.592,"end":6435.026},{"text":"Western","start":6435.701,"end":6436.247},{"text":"countries","start":6436.247,"end":6436.713},{"text":"are","start":6437.05,"end":6437.099},{"text":"attempting","start":6437.147,"end":6437.629},{"text":"to","start":6437.629,"end":6437.725},{"text":"conceal","start":6437.773,"end":6438.207},{"text":"their","start":6438.271,"end":6438.384},{"text":"lawless","start":6438.994,"end":6439.509},{"text":"actions","start":6439.701,"end":6440.039},{"text":"with","start":6440.039,"end":6440.2},{"text":"references","start":6440.2,"end":6440.649},{"text":"to","start":6440.762,"end":6440.955},{"text":"unilateral","start":6441.324,"end":6441.887},{"text":"coercive","start":6441.887,"end":6442.336},{"text":"measures.","start":6442.369,"end":6442.979}]},{"text":"I wish to remind those champions of legal approaches in other contexts that according to the Charter of the UN, Only sanctions imposed by the Security Council are legitimate.","start":6443.413,"end":6454.784,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6443.413,"end":6443.429},{"text":"wish","start":6443.477,"end":6443.67},{"text":"to","start":6443.815,"end":6444.039},{"text":"remind","start":6444.039,"end":6444.57},{"text":"those","start":6444.618,"end":6444.827},{"text":"champions","start":6444.923,"end":6445.55},{"text":"of","start":6445.646,"end":6445.727},{"text":"legal","start":6445.839,"end":6446.176},{"text":"approaches","start":6446.289,"end":6446.771},{"text":"in","start":6446.771,"end":6446.819},{"text":"other","start":6446.867,"end":6447.092},{"text":"contexts","start":6447.092,"end":6447.992},{"text":"that","start":6448.313,"end":6448.426},{"text":"according","start":6448.458,"end":6448.683},{"text":"to","start":6448.715,"end":6448.86},{"text":"the","start":6448.86,"end":6448.94},{"text":"Charter","start":6448.94,"end":6449.197},{"text":"of","start":6449.197,"end":6449.277},{"text":"the","start":6449.277,"end":6449.406},{"text":"UN,","start":6449.422,"end":6450.048},{"text":"Only","start":6450.707,"end":6451.092},{"text":"sanctions","start":6451.221,"end":6451.814},{"text":"imposed","start":6451.847,"end":6452.44},{"text":"by","start":6452.489,"end":6452.681},{"text":"the","start":6452.729,"end":6452.826},{"text":"Security","start":6452.826,"end":6453.291},{"text":"Council","start":6453.291,"end":6453.885},{"text":"are","start":6453.997,"end":6454.046},{"text":"legitimate.","start":6454.254,"end":6454.784}]},{"text":"There is no understanding in international law of a shadow fleet.","start":6455.362,"end":6459.391,"topics":[{"key":"shadow-fleet","label":"Shadow Fleets and Sanctions Evasion","description":"Some delegations focused on the use of opaque, poorly maintained vessels to evade sanctions and operate outside normal oversight. This was framed as a maritime security, safety, environmental, and regulatory challenge, though views differed on how it should be characterized."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":6455.362,"end":6455.474},{"text":"is","start":6455.522,"end":6455.619},{"text":"no","start":6455.619,"end":6455.924},{"text":"understanding","start":6456.245,"end":6456.935},{"text":"in","start":6456.983,"end":6457.063},{"text":"international","start":6457.063,"end":6457.625},{"text":"law","start":6457.625,"end":6457.802},{"text":"of","start":6457.946,"end":6458.107},{"text":"a","start":6458.107,"end":6458.251},{"text":"shadow","start":6458.412,"end":6458.845},{"text":"fleet.","start":6458.845,"end":6459.391}]},{"text":"This is merely a fig leaf, the purpose of which is to conceal the fact that the EU is engaged in blatant robbery at sea.","start":6459.872,"end":6469.118,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6459.872,"end":6460.065},{"text":"is","start":6460.129,"end":6460.242},{"text":"merely","start":6460.274,"end":6460.595},{"text":"a","start":6460.595,"end":6460.611},{"text":"fig","start":6460.611,"end":6461.092},{"text":"leaf,","start":6461.397,"end":6461.654},{"text":"the","start":6461.702,"end":6461.799},{"text":"purpose","start":6461.799,"end":6462.104},{"text":"of","start":6462.104,"end":6462.2},{"text":"which","start":6462.2,"end":6462.489},{"text":"is","start":6462.665,"end":6462.73},{"text":"to","start":6462.922,"end":6463.051},{"text":"conceal","start":6463.147,"end":6463.516},{"text":"the","start":6463.564,"end":6463.645},{"text":"fact","start":6463.709,"end":6463.95},{"text":"that","start":6463.95,"end":6464.062},{"text":"the","start":6464.11,"end":6464.271},{"text":"EU","start":6464.351,"end":6464.576},{"text":"is","start":6464.768,"end":6464.929},{"text":"engaged","start":6464.929,"end":6465.458},{"text":"in","start":6465.956,"end":6466.181},{"text":"blatant","start":6466.855,"end":6467.577},{"text":"robbery","start":6467.962,"end":6468.348},{"text":"at","start":6468.605,"end":6468.717},{"text":"sea.","start":6468.717,"end":6469.118}]},{"text":"And once again, we are hearing today— we are hearing about the rules-based order, which Europeans once again are presenting as international practice.","start":6470.129,"end":6480.485,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6470.129,"end":6470.434},{"text":"once","start":6470.547,"end":6470.788},{"text":"again,","start":6470.788,"end":6471.076},{"text":"we","start":6471.109,"end":6471.269},{"text":"are","start":6471.269,"end":6471.349},{"text":"hearing","start":6471.349,"end":6471.719},{"text":"today—","start":6471.751,"end":6472.232},{"text":"we","start":6472.634,"end":6472.778},{"text":"are","start":6472.794,"end":6472.955},{"text":"hearing","start":6472.955,"end":6473.324},{"text":"about","start":6473.42,"end":6473.661},{"text":"the","start":6473.661,"end":6473.725},{"text":"rules-based","start":6473.821,"end":6474.929},{"text":"order,","start":6475.105,"end":6475.539},{"text":"which","start":6475.828,"end":6476.053},{"text":"Europeans","start":6476.245,"end":6476.855},{"text":"once","start":6476.967,"end":6477.353},{"text":"again","start":6477.353,"end":6477.658},{"text":"are","start":6477.915,"end":6477.963},{"text":"presenting","start":6478.316,"end":6478.926},{"text":"as","start":6478.991,"end":6479.103},{"text":"international","start":6479.135,"end":6479.923},{"text":"practice.","start":6479.939,"end":6480.485}]},{"text":"And we wish to remind you of something which is obvious.","start":6481.385,"end":6483.924,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6481.385,"end":6481.449},{"text":"we","start":6481.465,"end":6481.61},{"text":"wish","start":6481.61,"end":6481.803},{"text":"to","start":6481.803,"end":6482.108},{"text":"remind","start":6482.253,"end":6482.767},{"text":"you","start":6482.767,"end":6482.879},{"text":"of","start":6482.895,"end":6482.944},{"text":"something","start":6482.976,"end":6483.201},{"text":"which","start":6483.233,"end":6483.361},{"text":"is","start":6483.41,"end":6483.49},{"text":"obvious.","start":6483.618,"end":6483.924}]},{"text":"Under the Law of the Sea, coastal states cannot, under their discretion, detain another state's flagged vessel for inspection.","start":6484.1,"end":6492.6,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":6484.1,"end":6484.293},{"text":"the","start":6484.293,"end":6484.438},{"text":"Law","start":6484.438,"end":6484.534},{"text":"of","start":6484.615,"end":6484.679},{"text":"the","start":6484.679,"end":6484.775},{"text":"Sea,","start":6484.775,"end":6485.145},{"text":"coastal","start":6485.161,"end":6485.53},{"text":"states","start":6485.563,"end":6485.996},{"text":"cannot,","start":6486.446,"end":6486.993},{"text":"under","start":6487.089,"end":6487.298},{"text":"their","start":6487.314,"end":6487.427},{"text":"discretion,","start":6487.491,"end":6488.182},{"text":"detain","start":6488.214,"end":6488.824},{"text":"another","start":6489.483,"end":6489.917},{"text":"state's","start":6489.917,"end":6490.479},{"text":"flagged","start":6490.608,"end":6491.106},{"text":"vessel","start":6491.106,"end":6491.588},{"text":"for","start":6491.588,"end":6491.781},{"text":"inspection.","start":6491.829,"end":6492.6}]},{"text":"Such steps, even in the territorial seas, are an egregious violation of the right of peaceful navigation.","start":6493.034,"end":6499.253,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6499.783,"end":6499.847},{"text":"in","start":6499.928,"end":6499.976},{"text":"international","start":6500.12,"end":6500.795},{"text":"waters,","start":6500.892,"end":6501.197},{"text":"they","start":6501.229,"end":6501.309},{"text":"constitute","start":6501.374,"end":6502.049},{"text":"an","start":6502.049,"end":6502.177},{"text":"encroachment","start":6502.177,"end":6502.756},{"text":"on","start":6502.82,"end":6502.884},{"text":"freedom","start":6503.221,"end":6503.414},{"text":"of","start":6503.414,"end":6503.543},{"text":"navigation.","start":6503.559,"end":6504.105}]},{"text":"This is a bedrock norm of international customary law which is enshrined in the UN Charter and the Law of the Sea.","start":6504.362,"end":6511.08,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6504.362,"end":6504.522},{"text":"is","start":6504.522,"end":6504.57},{"text":"a","start":6504.667,"end":6504.683},{"text":"bedrock","start":6504.763,"end":6505.468},{"text":"norm","start":6505.725,"end":6506.11},{"text":"of","start":6506.11,"end":6506.254},{"text":"international","start":6506.687,"end":6508.05},{"text":"customary","start":6508.05,"end":6508.403},{"text":"law","start":6508.515,"end":6508.643},{"text":"which","start":6508.691,"end":6508.82},{"text":"is","start":6508.932,"end":6508.98},{"text":"enshrined","start":6509.092,"end":6509.734},{"text":"in","start":6509.734,"end":6509.782},{"text":"the","start":6509.798,"end":6509.878},{"text":"UN","start":6509.894,"end":6510.022},{"text":"Charter","start":6510.118,"end":6510.359},{"text":"and","start":6510.359,"end":6510.455},{"text":"the","start":6510.455,"end":6510.519},{"text":"Law","start":6510.519,"end":6510.648},{"text":"of","start":6510.68,"end":6510.776},{"text":"the","start":6510.776,"end":6510.856},{"text":"Sea.","start":6510.856,"end":6511.08}]},{"text":"The inviolability of these norms, as well as the principle of exclusive flag state jurisdiction over their vessels, provides for the stable and predictable operations of the system of international maritime trade.","start":6511.417,"end":6524.149,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6511.417,"end":6511.481},{"text":"inviolability","start":6511.481,"end":6512.235},{"text":"of","start":6512.235,"end":6512.315},{"text":"these","start":6512.363,"end":6512.508},{"text":"norms,","start":6513.005,"end":6513.55},{"text":"as","start":6513.887,"end":6514.031},{"text":"well","start":6514.303,"end":6514.432},{"text":"as","start":6514.608,"end":6514.672},{"text":"the","start":6514.704,"end":6514.785},{"text":"principle","start":6514.785,"end":6515.169},{"text":"of","start":6515.169,"end":6515.266},{"text":"exclusive","start":6515.266,"end":6515.811},{"text":"flag","start":6516.051,"end":6516.308},{"text":"state","start":6516.308,"end":6516.612},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6516.612,"end":6517.222},{"text":"over","start":6517.414,"end":6517.591},{"text":"their","start":6518.072,"end":6518.184},{"text":"vessels,","start":6518.232,"end":6518.681},{"text":"provides","start":6518.713,"end":6519.162},{"text":"for","start":6519.258,"end":6519.354},{"text":"the","start":6519.354,"end":6519.451},{"text":"stable","start":6519.451,"end":6519.9},{"text":"and","start":6519.9,"end":6519.996},{"text":"predictable","start":6519.996,"end":6520.557},{"text":"operations","start":6520.557,"end":6521.198},{"text":"of","start":6521.198,"end":6521.279},{"text":"the","start":6521.295,"end":6521.375},{"text":"system","start":6521.375,"end":6521.808},{"text":"of","start":6521.856,"end":6521.984},{"text":"international","start":6521.984,"end":6522.706},{"text":"maritime","start":6522.978,"end":6523.491},{"text":"trade.","start":6523.604,"end":6524.149}]},{"text":"And for this reason, the convention contains a closed list of justifications for when states may detain vessels for inspections under— while they exercise the above-mentioned rights and freedoms.","start":6524.405,"end":6538.642,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6539.139,"end":6539.203},{"text":"operations","start":6539.235,"end":6539.764},{"text":"of","start":6539.796,"end":6539.924},{"text":"EU","start":6540.02,"end":6540.245},{"text":"countries,","start":6540.277,"end":6540.886},{"text":"which","start":6541.062,"end":6541.286},{"text":"trample","start":6541.399,"end":6541.751},{"text":"upon","start":6541.783,"end":6541.96},{"text":"the","start":6541.96,"end":6542.04},{"text":"norms","start":6542.04,"end":6542.28},{"text":"of","start":6542.296,"end":6542.424},{"text":"the","start":6542.424,"end":6542.521},{"text":"Law","start":6542.521,"end":6542.601},{"text":"of","start":6542.745,"end":6542.841},{"text":"the","start":6542.841,"end":6542.937},{"text":"Sea,","start":6542.937,"end":6543.226},{"text":"can","start":6543.242,"end":6543.434},{"text":"generate","start":6543.546,"end":6544.027},{"text":"a","start":6544.043,"end":6544.123},{"text":"domino","start":6544.123,"end":6544.508},{"text":"effect,","start":6544.508,"end":6544.845},{"text":"the","start":6544.909,"end":6545.005},{"text":"consequence","start":6545.005,"end":6545.566},{"text":"of","start":6545.566,"end":6545.646},{"text":"which","start":6545.646,"end":6545.855},{"text":"can","start":6546.287,"end":6546.512},{"text":"be","start":6546.512,"end":6546.672},{"text":"the","start":6546.672,"end":6546.864},{"text":"complete","start":6546.912,"end":6547.634},{"text":"halt","start":6548.115,"end":6548.563},{"text":"to","start":6548.676,"end":6548.772},{"text":"the","start":6548.772,"end":6548.852},{"text":"system","start":6548.852,"end":6549.221},{"text":"of","start":6549.253,"end":6549.381},{"text":"global","start":6549.397,"end":6549.653},{"text":"maritime","start":6549.653,"end":6550.198},{"text":"trade.","start":6550.214,"end":6550.583}]},{"text":"And at the same time, the engagement of NATO maritime forces for the detention of vessels leads directly to military escalation.","start":6550.936,"end":6558.597,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6550.936,"end":6551},{"text":"at","start":6551,"end":6551.112},{"text":"the","start":6551.112,"end":6551.192},{"text":"same","start":6551.192,"end":6551.448},{"text":"time,","start":6551.561,"end":6551.881},{"text":"the","start":6551.897,"end":6551.945},{"text":"engagement","start":6551.961,"end":6552.538},{"text":"of","start":6552.538,"end":6552.635},{"text":"NATO","start":6552.699,"end":6553.196},{"text":"maritime","start":6553.196,"end":6553.628},{"text":"forces","start":6553.741,"end":6554.109},{"text":"for","start":6554.141,"end":6554.221},{"text":"the","start":6554.221,"end":6554.302},{"text":"detention","start":6554.382,"end":6554.831},{"text":"of","start":6554.927,"end":6554.991},{"text":"vessels","start":6555.023,"end":6555.472},{"text":"leads","start":6555.888,"end":6556.193},{"text":"directly","start":6556.289,"end":6556.834},{"text":"to","start":6556.866,"end":6557.026},{"text":"military","start":6557.026,"end":6557.636},{"text":"escalation.","start":6557.748,"end":6558.597}]},{"text":"Mr. President, The Ukraine's armed attacks on Russian-flagged civilian vessels or vessels transporting Russian utilities in various parts of the world's oceans warrant particular attention.","start":6558.774,"end":6573.271,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6558.774,"end":6558.966},{"text":"President,","start":6559.03,"end":6559.751},{"text":"The","start":6561.357,"end":6561.598},{"text":"Ukraine's","start":6562.32,"end":6562.978},{"text":"armed","start":6563.107,"end":6563.3},{"text":"attacks","start":6563.3,"end":6563.781},{"text":"on","start":6564.07,"end":6564.215},{"text":"Russian-flagged","start":6565.194,"end":6565.837},{"text":"civilian","start":6565.837,"end":6566.318},{"text":"vessels","start":6566.318,"end":6566.864},{"text":"or","start":6567.362,"end":6567.41},{"text":"vessels","start":6567.474,"end":6567.828},{"text":"transporting","start":6567.86,"end":6568.47},{"text":"Russian","start":6568.566,"end":6568.935},{"text":"utilities","start":6569.465,"end":6570.075},{"text":"in","start":6570.108,"end":6570.156},{"text":"various","start":6570.188,"end":6570.589},{"text":"parts","start":6570.589,"end":6570.878},{"text":"of","start":6570.975,"end":6571.248},{"text":"the","start":6571.312,"end":6571.456},{"text":"world's","start":6571.456,"end":6571.713},{"text":"oceans","start":6571.713,"end":6572.002},{"text":"warrant","start":6572.099,"end":6572.355},{"text":"particular","start":6572.355,"end":6572.741},{"text":"attention.","start":6572.741,"end":6573.271}]},{"text":"Such attacks constitute a direct threat to international peace and security, not to mention the fact that seafarers from various parts of the world, including European ones, are suffering as a result.","start":6573.897,"end":6584.831,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":6573.897,"end":6574.411},{"text":"attacks","start":6574.989,"end":6575.792},{"text":"constitute","start":6575.792,"end":6576.354},{"text":"a","start":6576.354,"end":6576.37},{"text":"direct","start":6576.434,"end":6576.755},{"text":"threat","start":6576.755,"end":6576.916},{"text":"to","start":6576.916,"end":6577.012},{"text":"international","start":6577.012,"end":6577.494},{"text":"peace","start":6577.494,"end":6577.686},{"text":"and","start":6577.751,"end":6577.879},{"text":"security,","start":6577.879,"end":6578.312},{"text":"not","start":6578.329,"end":6578.489},{"text":"to","start":6578.537,"end":6578.634},{"text":"mention","start":6578.634,"end":6578.955},{"text":"the","start":6578.955,"end":6579.019},{"text":"fact","start":6579.019,"end":6579.469},{"text":"that","start":6579.966,"end":6580.207},{"text":"seafarers","start":6580.287,"end":6580.833},{"text":"from","start":6580.93,"end":6581.01},{"text":"various","start":6581.09,"end":6581.427},{"text":"parts","start":6581.427,"end":6581.684},{"text":"of","start":6581.684,"end":6581.765},{"text":"the","start":6581.813,"end":6581.989},{"text":"world,","start":6581.989,"end":6582.278},{"text":"including","start":6582.311,"end":6582.68},{"text":"European","start":6582.712,"end":6583.274},{"text":"ones,","start":6583.338,"end":6583.483},{"text":"are","start":6583.531,"end":6583.579},{"text":"suffering","start":6583.595,"end":6584.045},{"text":"as","start":6584.141,"end":6584.205},{"text":"a","start":6584.253,"end":6584.318},{"text":"result.","start":6584.318,"end":6584.831}]},{"text":"Such attacks take place increasingly frequently in direct proximity to the coasts of countries who sympathize with the Zelensky regime, and the question arises about their complicity in such attacks.","start":6585.602,"end":6598.095,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":6585.602,"end":6585.81},{"text":"attacks","start":6585.907,"end":6586.564},{"text":"take","start":6586.564,"end":6586.741},{"text":"place","start":6586.805,"end":6586.997},{"text":"increasingly","start":6587.125,"end":6587.655},{"text":"frequently","start":6587.687,"end":6588.328},{"text":"in","start":6588.328,"end":6588.473},{"text":"direct","start":6588.473,"end":6588.729},{"text":"proximity","start":6588.729,"end":6589.338},{"text":"to","start":6589.371,"end":6589.531},{"text":"the","start":6589.531,"end":6589.675},{"text":"coasts","start":6589.675,"end":6590.012},{"text":"of","start":6590.012,"end":6590.14},{"text":"countries","start":6590.172,"end":6590.621},{"text":"who","start":6590.958,"end":6591.07},{"text":"sympathize","start":6591.07,"end":6591.985},{"text":"with","start":6592.017,"end":6592.161},{"text":"the","start":6592.161,"end":6592.193},{"text":"Zelensky","start":6592.193,"end":6592.802},{"text":"regime,","start":6592.802,"end":6593.284},{"text":"and","start":6593.781,"end":6593.845},{"text":"the","start":6593.861,"end":6594.005},{"text":"question","start":6594.005,"end":6594.502},{"text":"arises","start":6594.502,"end":6594.951},{"text":"about","start":6594.999,"end":6595.465},{"text":"their","start":6595.465,"end":6595.577},{"text":"complicity","start":6595.705,"end":6596.475},{"text":"in","start":6596.731,"end":6596.876},{"text":"such","start":6597.068,"end":6597.357},{"text":"attacks.","start":6597.533,"end":6598.095}]},{"text":"As a result, there is significant damage to the environment, economic damages inflicted upon coastal states, and trade communications between countries are being disrupted.","start":6598.736,"end":6611.517,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6598.736,"end":6598.88},{"text":"a","start":6598.993,"end":6599.073},{"text":"result,","start":6599.073,"end":6599.618},{"text":"there","start":6599.634,"end":6599.746},{"text":"is","start":6599.794,"end":6599.843},{"text":"significant","start":6599.875,"end":6600.853},{"text":"damage","start":6600.997,"end":6601.35},{"text":"to","start":6601.703,"end":6601.911},{"text":"the","start":6602.104,"end":6602.264},{"text":"environment,","start":6602.344,"end":6603.162},{"text":"economic","start":6603.563,"end":6604.124},{"text":"damages","start":6604.124,"end":6604.654},{"text":"inflicted","start":6605.151,"end":6606.45},{"text":"upon","start":6606.45,"end":6606.947},{"text":"coastal","start":6607.492,"end":6607.909},{"text":"states,","start":6607.909,"end":6608.406},{"text":"and","start":6608.599,"end":6608.951},{"text":"trade","start":6608.999,"end":6609.304},{"text":"communications","start":6609.32,"end":6609.946},{"text":"between","start":6609.978,"end":6610.266},{"text":"countries","start":6610.298,"end":6610.667},{"text":"are","start":6610.715,"end":6610.78},{"text":"being","start":6610.78,"end":6610.908},{"text":"disrupted.","start":6611.004,"end":6611.517}]},{"text":"Since November 2025 to April 2026, in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea waters alone, there were 17 attacks targeting the commercial vessels of various, various countries' flagged vessels, including those flagged by the Russian Federation, Malta, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Gambia, and the Comoros Islands.","start":6611.822,"end":6634.355,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":6611.822,"end":6612.159},{"text":"November","start":6612.159,"end":6612.625},{"text":"2025","start":6612.625,"end":6613.717},{"text":"to","start":6613.814,"end":6614.006},{"text":"April","start":6614.296,"end":6614.681},{"text":"2026,","start":6614.777,"end":6615.902},{"text":"in","start":6616.303,"end":6616.367},{"text":"the","start":6616.399,"end":6616.48},{"text":"Black","start":6616.544,"end":6617.058},{"text":"Sea","start":6617.058,"end":6617.459},{"text":"and","start":6617.684,"end":6617.749},{"text":"Mediterranean","start":6617.765,"end":6618.327},{"text":"Sea","start":6618.327,"end":6618.471},{"text":"waters","start":6618.487,"end":6618.792},{"text":"alone,","start":6618.792,"end":6619.001},{"text":"there","start":6619.049,"end":6619.146},{"text":"were","start":6619.146,"end":6619.226},{"text":"17","start":6619.226,"end":6619.981},{"text":"attacks","start":6620.093,"end":6620.736},{"text":"targeting","start":6621.057,"end":6621.442},{"text":"the","start":6621.442,"end":6621.539},{"text":"commercial","start":6621.539,"end":6622.085},{"text":"vessels","start":6622.101,"end":6622.631},{"text":"of","start":6622.727,"end":6623.016},{"text":"various,","start":6623.081,"end":6623.562},{"text":"various","start":6623.932,"end":6624.269},{"text":"countries'","start":6624.269,"end":6624.719},{"text":"flagged","start":6624.895,"end":6625.233},{"text":"vessels,","start":6625.233,"end":6625.602},{"text":"including","start":6625.714,"end":6626.084},{"text":"those","start":6626.116,"end":6626.405},{"text":"flagged","start":6626.421,"end":6626.855},{"text":"by","start":6627.642,"end":6627.738},{"text":"the","start":6627.738,"end":6627.867},{"text":"Russian","start":6627.867,"end":6628.107},{"text":"Federation,","start":6628.107,"end":6628.493},{"text":"Malta,","start":6628.525,"end":6628.83},{"text":"Sierra","start":6628.846,"end":6629.167},{"text":"Leone,","start":6629.167,"end":6629.457},{"text":"Liberia,","start":6629.89,"end":6630.356},{"text":"Gambia,","start":6630.372,"end":6630.95},{"text":"and","start":6631.416,"end":6631.48},{"text":"the","start":6631.512,"end":6631.641},{"text":"Comoros","start":6631.641,"end":6633.15},{"text":"Islands.","start":6633.905,"end":6634.355}]},{"text":"An egregious instance of the breach of international law was seen in the terrorist attack on 3 March 2026 with crewless boats and drones of the Kiev regime targeting the Russian-flagged Arctic Medagas LNG tanker in the Mediterranean Sea.","start":6635.03,"end":6652.971,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6653.372,"end":6653.468},{"text":"a","start":6653.468,"end":6653.532},{"text":"result,","start":6653.532,"end":6653.805},{"text":"there","start":6653.853,"end":6653.949},{"text":"was","start":6653.949,"end":6654.077},{"text":"an","start":6654.51,"end":6654.558},{"text":"explosion","start":6654.654,"end":6655.52},{"text":"and","start":6655.936,"end":6656.353},{"text":"the","start":6656.674,"end":6656.866},{"text":"vessel","start":6657.09,"end":6657.731},{"text":"with","start":6657.956,"end":6658.244},{"text":"more","start":6658.661,"end":6658.789},{"text":"than","start":6658.901,"end":6658.966},{"text":"100,000","start":6658.998,"end":6659.639},{"text":"cubic","start":6659.639,"end":6659.895},{"text":"meters","start":6659.895,"end":6660.168},{"text":"of","start":6660.264,"end":6660.408},{"text":"LNG","start":6660.985,"end":6661.819},{"text":"on","start":6662.668,"end":6662.892},{"text":"board","start":6662.924,"end":6663.277},{"text":"was","start":6663.325,"end":6663.453},{"text":"engulfed","start":6663.485,"end":6664.287},{"text":"in","start":6664.351,"end":6664.495},{"text":"flames.","start":6664.527,"end":6665.088}]},{"text":"And now the tanker, which sustained significant damage is drifting in the Mediterranean Sea.","start":6665.168,"end":6670.621,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":6699.337,"end":6699.722},{"text":"indeed,","start":6699.738,"end":6700.075},{"text":"they","start":6700.123,"end":6700.283},{"text":"did","start":6700.283,"end":6700.444},{"text":"not—","start":6700.54,"end":6700.732},{"text":"they","start":6700.845,"end":6701.005},{"text":"were","start":6701.005,"end":6701.166},{"text":"unable","start":6701.246,"end":6701.535},{"text":"to","start":6701.583,"end":6701.679},{"text":"summon","start":6701.679,"end":6702.064},{"text":"the","start":6702.064,"end":6702.208},{"text":"courage","start":6702.208,"end":6702.674},{"text":"to","start":6702.786,"end":6703.027},{"text":"provide","start":6703.027,"end":6703.428},{"text":"a","start":6703.428,"end":6703.572},{"text":"due","start":6703.572,"end":6703.732},{"text":"assessment","start":6703.748,"end":6704.374},{"text":"of","start":6704.374,"end":6704.422},{"text":"the","start":6704.454,"end":6704.518},{"text":"fact","start":6704.551,"end":6705.016},{"text":"that","start":6705.016,"end":6705.417},{"text":"there","start":6705.497,"end":6705.577},{"text":"was","start":6705.577,"end":6705.69},{"text":"an","start":6705.738,"end":6705.786},{"text":"attack","start":6705.818,"end":6706.155},{"text":"on","start":6706.155,"end":6706.251},{"text":"a","start":6706.251,"end":6706.315},{"text":"civilian","start":6706.315,"end":6706.845},{"text":"vessel","start":6706.941,"end":6707.262},{"text":"which","start":6707.583,"end":6707.647},{"text":"was","start":6707.743,"end":6707.807},{"text":"perpetrated","start":6707.903,"end":6708.401},{"text":"in","start":6708.401,"end":6708.449},{"text":"direct","start":6708.561,"end":6708.882},{"text":"proximity","start":6708.882,"end":6709.652},{"text":"to","start":6710.085,"end":6710.262},{"text":"their","start":6710.647,"end":6710.919},{"text":"coasts.","start":6711.593,"end":6712.074}]},{"text":"Another recent example was the marine drone attack on the Altura tanker on March 26, 2026.","start":6712.331,"end":6719.999,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. 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Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6724.673,"end":6724.769},{"text":"vessel","start":6724.769,"end":6725.042},{"text":"was","start":6725.09,"end":6725.219},{"text":"significantly","start":6725.267,"end":6726.263},{"text":"damaged,","start":6726.279,"end":6726.953},{"text":"which","start":6727.339,"end":6727.467},{"text":"resulted","start":6727.563,"end":6728.109},{"text":"in","start":6728.206,"end":6728.318},{"text":"its","start":6728.318,"end":6728.527},{"text":"taking","start":6728.527,"end":6728.832},{"text":"on","start":6728.928,"end":6728.993},{"text":"water","start":6729.169,"end":6729.475},{"text":"and","start":6729.475,"end":6729.523},{"text":"becoming","start":6729.523,"end":6729.876},{"text":"disabled.","start":6729.972,"end":6730.808}]},{"text":"At the moment of the attack, the tanker was transporting approximately 140,000 tons of crude oil.","start":6731.659,"end":6737.649,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":6731.659,"end":6731.739},{"text":"the","start":6731.739,"end":6731.819},{"text":"moment","start":6731.819,"end":6732.092},{"text":"of","start":6732.092,"end":6732.221},{"text":"the","start":6732.221,"end":6732.253},{"text":"attack,","start":6732.253,"end":6732.638},{"text":"the","start":6732.703,"end":6732.799},{"text":"tanker","start":6732.799,"end":6733.393},{"text":"was","start":6733.425,"end":6733.57},{"text":"transporting","start":6733.666,"end":6734.292},{"text":"approximately","start":6734.325,"end":6735.047},{"text":"140,000","start":6735.128,"end":6736.653},{"text":"tons","start":6736.653,"end":6736.942},{"text":"of","start":6736.974,"end":6737.103},{"text":"crude","start":6737.119,"end":6737.424},{"text":"oil.","start":6737.521,"end":6737.649}]},{"text":"Just imagine the potential catastrophic consequences of the spill of such a large quantity of oil onto the shores of Türkiye.","start":6738.179,"end":6746.771,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":6738.179,"end":6738.516},{"text":"imagine","start":6738.516,"end":6739.014},{"text":"the","start":6739.062,"end":6739.223},{"text":"potential","start":6739.223,"end":6739.978},{"text":"catastrophic","start":6740.01,"end":6740.973},{"text":"consequences","start":6740.973,"end":6741.841},{"text":"of","start":6741.873,"end":6741.969},{"text":"the","start":6742.017,"end":6742.098},{"text":"spill","start":6742.098,"end":6742.403},{"text":"of","start":6742.901,"end":6743.045},{"text":"such","start":6743.093,"end":6743.366},{"text":"a","start":6743.398,"end":6743.559},{"text":"large","start":6743.559,"end":6743.768},{"text":"quantity","start":6743.88,"end":6744.426},{"text":"of","start":6744.426,"end":6744.491},{"text":"oil","start":6744.908,"end":6745.117},{"text":"onto","start":6745.165,"end":6745.438},{"text":"the","start":6745.567,"end":6745.647},{"text":"shores","start":6745.647,"end":6746.064},{"text":"of","start":6746.129,"end":6746.177},{"text":"Türkiye.","start":6746.273,"end":6746.771}]},{"text":"We urge all states who respect the 1982 Convention and who wish to prevent escalation— call upon them to adopt a position in principle to condemn these attacks and to leverage all possible means in order to prevent this.","start":6747.253,"end":6763.641,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6747.253,"end":6747.477},{"text":"urge","start":6747.558,"end":6747.782},{"text":"all","start":6747.959,"end":6748.007},{"text":"states","start":6748.071,"end":6748.617},{"text":"who","start":6748.617,"end":6748.762},{"text":"respect","start":6748.762,"end":6749.275},{"text":"the","start":6749.275,"end":6749.355},{"text":"1982","start":6749.355,"end":6750.383},{"text":"Convention","start":6750.383,"end":6750.961},{"text":"and","start":6750.961,"end":6751.089},{"text":"who","start":6751.089,"end":6751.314},{"text":"wish","start":6751.41,"end":6751.667},{"text":"to","start":6751.667,"end":6751.795},{"text":"prevent","start":6751.827,"end":6752.325},{"text":"escalation—","start":6752.469,"end":6753.16},{"text":"call","start":6753.754,"end":6753.946},{"text":"upon","start":6753.994,"end":6754.364},{"text":"them","start":6754.62,"end":6754.893},{"text":"to","start":6754.941,"end":6755.134},{"text":"adopt","start":6756.242,"end":6756.579},{"text":"a","start":6756.579,"end":6756.723},{"text":"position","start":6756.723,"end":6757.173},{"text":"in","start":6757.221,"end":6757.301},{"text":"principle","start":6757.365,"end":6757.734},{"text":"to","start":6757.767,"end":6757.927},{"text":"condemn","start":6757.927,"end":6758.344},{"text":"these","start":6758.393,"end":6758.537},{"text":"attacks","start":6758.954,"end":6759.532},{"text":"and","start":6759.532,"end":6759.596},{"text":"to","start":6759.757,"end":6760.03},{"text":"leverage","start":6760.255,"end":6760.72},{"text":"all","start":6760.72,"end":6760.768},{"text":"possible","start":6760.897,"end":6761.378},{"text":"means","start":6761.378,"end":6761.779},{"text":"in","start":6761.779,"end":6761.86},{"text":"order","start":6761.94,"end":6762.165},{"text":"to","start":6762.165,"end":6762.229},{"text":"prevent","start":6762.325,"end":6763.064},{"text":"this.","start":6763.369,"end":6763.641}]},{"text":"Mr. President, one cannot but note that Western countries who are interjecting vessels— vessels in violation of international law and who are tacitly supporting Kiev's acts of terrorism, have a completely different position when it comes to navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, lodging vociferous and baseless allegations against Iran for the situation that has unfolded.","start":6764.508,"end":6788.378,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6788.717,"end":6788.814},{"text":"amuses","start":6788.814,"end":6789.17},{"text":"me","start":6789.202,"end":6789.348},{"text":"to","start":6789.348,"end":6789.461},{"text":"hear","start":6789.461,"end":6789.703},{"text":"how","start":6790.317,"end":6790.511},{"text":"these","start":6791.142,"end":6791.995},{"text":"European","start":6794.281,"end":6795.343},{"text":"Union","start":6795.408,"end":6795.698},{"text":"foreign—","start":6795.714,"end":6795.939},{"text":"foreign","start":6796.615,"end":6796.905},{"text":"ministry","start":6796.937,"end":6797.468},{"text":"heads,","start":6797.581,"end":6798.193},{"text":"as","start":6798.708,"end":6798.837},{"text":"well","start":6798.869,"end":6799.046},{"text":"as","start":6799.046,"end":6799.159},{"text":"the","start":6799.819,"end":6800.076},{"text":"EU","start":6800.141,"end":6800.302},{"text":"members","start":6800.302,"end":6800.608},{"text":"who","start":6800.64,"end":6800.736},{"text":"will","start":6800.736,"end":6800.817},{"text":"speak","start":6800.817,"end":6801.01},{"text":"speak","start":6800.96,"end":6801.17},{"text":"later,","start":6801.333,"end":6801.755},{"text":"how","start":6802.128,"end":6802.257},{"text":"they","start":6802.355,"end":6802.452},{"text":"shamefully","start":6802.452,"end":6803.426},{"text":"sweep","start":6803.604,"end":6804.399},{"text":"the","start":6804.464,"end":6804.626},{"text":"root","start":6804.626,"end":6804.951},{"text":"cause","start":6804.951,"end":6805.21},{"text":"of","start":6805.227,"end":6805.308},{"text":"the","start":6805.308,"end":6805.389},{"text":"situation","start":6805.389,"end":6805.973},{"text":"in","start":6806.103,"end":6806.151},{"text":"the","start":6806.2,"end":6806.281},{"text":"Strait","start":6806.281,"end":6806.525},{"text":"of","start":6806.525,"end":6806.589},{"text":"Hormuz","start":6806.589,"end":6806.882},{"text":"under","start":6807.06,"end":6807.255},{"text":"the","start":6807.255,"end":6807.368},{"text":"rug.","start":6807.401,"end":6807.823}]},{"text":"Well, how can they— how can they hurt the feelings of their suzerain and let the suzerain no longer cast those countries aside in that way?","start":6808.516,"end":6824.529,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Well,","start":6808.516,"end":6808.645},{"text":"how","start":6809.325,"end":6809.454},{"text":"can","start":6809.568,"end":6809.794},{"text":"they—","start":6809.827,"end":6810.021},{"text":"how","start":6811.024,"end":6811.154},{"text":"can","start":6811.591,"end":6811.817},{"text":"they","start":6812.092,"end":6812.173},{"text":"hurt","start":6812.966,"end":6813.306},{"text":"the","start":6813.306,"end":6813.387},{"text":"feelings","start":6813.403,"end":6814.164},{"text":"of","start":6814.196,"end":6814.326},{"text":"their","start":6814.358,"end":6814.471},{"text":"suzerain","start":6814.52,"end":6815.135},{"text":"and","start":6815.151,"end":6815.232},{"text":"let","start":6819.373,"end":6819.534},{"text":"the","start":6819.534,"end":6819.615},{"text":"suzerain","start":6819.615,"end":6820.1},{"text":"no","start":6820.1,"end":6820.246},{"text":"longer","start":6820.262,"end":6820.666},{"text":"cast","start":6820.666,"end":6821.151},{"text":"those","start":6821.232,"end":6821.442},{"text":"countries","start":6821.474,"end":6823.624},{"text":"aside","start":6823.656,"end":6824.06},{"text":"in","start":6824.06,"end":6824.141},{"text":"that","start":6824.141,"end":6824.254},{"text":"way?","start":6824.368,"end":6824.529}]},{"text":"Let us recall that the situation in the Gulf of Hormuz is a consequence of the unprovoked US-Israeli aggression against the Islamic Republic of Iran, which not only caused the residents of the entire region to endure suffering on a colossal scale and precipitated the collapse of stability in the Persian Gulf zone, but also spawned large-scale consequences for the global economy, for energy, and for food security.","start":6825.014,"end":6851.396,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":6825.014,"end":6825.127},{"text":"us","start":6825.127,"end":6825.257},{"text":"recall","start":6825.257,"end":6825.548},{"text":"that","start":6825.661,"end":6825.758},{"text":"the","start":6825.758,"end":6825.855},{"text":"situation","start":6825.855,"end":6826.55},{"text":"in","start":6826.55,"end":6826.615},{"text":"the","start":6826.631,"end":6826.712},{"text":"Gulf","start":6826.728,"end":6826.922},{"text":"of","start":6827.035,"end":6827.1},{"text":"Hormuz","start":6827.357,"end":6827.823},{"text":"is","start":6827.856,"end":6828},{"text":"a","start":6828,"end":6828.097},{"text":"consequence","start":6828.097,"end":6828.773},{"text":"of","start":6828.966,"end":6829.127},{"text":"the","start":6829.127,"end":6829.288},{"text":"unprovoked","start":6829.304,"end":6830.141},{"text":"US-Israeli","start":6830.657,"end":6831.381},{"text":"aggression","start":6831.381,"end":6831.8},{"text":"against","start":6831.8,"end":6832.121},{"text":"the","start":6832.121,"end":6832.17},{"text":"Islamic","start":6832.186,"end":6832.524},{"text":"Republic","start":6832.524,"end":6833.007},{"text":"of","start":6833.007,"end":6833.103},{"text":"Iran,","start":6833.152,"end":6833.667},{"text":"which","start":6834.893,"end":6834.958},{"text":"not","start":6834.974,"end":6835.136},{"text":"only","start":6835.136,"end":6835.378},{"text":"caused","start":6835.378,"end":6836.673},{"text":"the","start":6836.738,"end":6836.916},{"text":"residents","start":6836.916,"end":6837.757},{"text":"of","start":6837.886,"end":6837.984},{"text":"the","start":6838.032,"end":6838.113},{"text":"entire","start":6838.113,"end":6838.372},{"text":"region","start":6838.372,"end":6838.615},{"text":"to","start":6838.615,"end":6838.744},{"text":"endure","start":6838.76,"end":6838.971},{"text":"suffering","start":6839.003,"end":6839.31},{"text":"on","start":6839.408,"end":6839.44},{"text":"a","start":6839.44,"end":6839.505},{"text":"colossal","start":6839.505,"end":6840.2},{"text":"scale","start":6840.233,"end":6840.815},{"text":"and","start":6841.107,"end":6841.171},{"text":"precipitated","start":6841.268,"end":6842.029},{"text":"the","start":6842.029,"end":6842.142},{"text":"collapse","start":6842.175,"end":6842.595},{"text":"of","start":6842.66,"end":6842.725},{"text":"stability","start":6842.725,"end":6843.162},{"text":"in","start":6843.162,"end":6843.243},{"text":"the","start":6843.243,"end":6843.372},{"text":"Persian","start":6843.372,"end":6843.68},{"text":"Gulf","start":6843.793,"end":6844.164},{"text":"zone,","start":6844.535,"end":6844.874},{"text":"but","start":6845.245,"end":6845.391},{"text":"also","start":6845.391,"end":6845.649},{"text":"spawned","start":6845.649,"end":6846.376},{"text":"large-scale","start":6848.071,"end":6848.668},{"text":"consequences","start":6848.781,"end":6849.33},{"text":"for","start":6849.362,"end":6849.427},{"text":"the","start":6849.443,"end":6849.524},{"text":"global","start":6849.524,"end":6849.83},{"text":"economy,","start":6849.83,"end":6850.153},{"text":"for","start":6850.169,"end":6850.331},{"text":"energy,","start":6850.331,"end":6850.541},{"text":"and","start":6850.573,"end":6850.654},{"text":"for","start":6850.654,"end":6850.799},{"text":"food","start":6850.799,"end":6850.944},{"text":"security.","start":6850.961,"end":6851.396}]},{"text":"The Persian Gulf states provide the global market with one-fifth of all oil, more than one-third of liquefied natural gas, providing significant volumes of ammonia, phosphates, and sulfur.","start":6851.445,"end":6865.878,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6851.445,"end":6851.542},{"text":"Persian","start":6851.542,"end":6851.913},{"text":"Gulf","start":6851.929,"end":6852.268},{"text":"states","start":6852.268,"end":6854.496},{"text":"provide","start":6853.253,"end":6853.864},{"text":"the","start":6854.04,"end":6854.169},{"text":"global","start":6854.297,"end":6854.571},{"text":"market","start":6854.571,"end":6854.94},{"text":"with","start":6854.94,"end":6855.213},{"text":"one-fifth","start":6855.261,"end":6856.353},{"text":"of","start":6856.626,"end":6856.755},{"text":"all","start":6857.012,"end":6857.06},{"text":"oil,","start":6857.976,"end":6858.104},{"text":"more","start":6858.859,"end":6858.987},{"text":"than","start":6859.036,"end":6859.164},{"text":"one-third","start":6859.196,"end":6860.176},{"text":"of","start":6860.176,"end":6860.304},{"text":"liquefied","start":6860.304,"end":6860.77},{"text":"natural","start":6860.802,"end":6861.236},{"text":"gas,","start":6861.365,"end":6861.798},{"text":"providing","start":6862.392,"end":6862.778},{"text":"significant","start":6862.81,"end":6863.244},{"text":"volumes","start":6863.276,"end":6863.581},{"text":"of","start":6863.629,"end":6863.774},{"text":"ammonia,","start":6863.774,"end":6864.207},{"text":"phosphates,","start":6864.561,"end":6865.187},{"text":"and","start":6865.3,"end":6865.38},{"text":"sulfur.","start":6865.38,"end":6865.878}]},{"text":"When, as a result of the perfidious attack by Western Jerusalem and Washington, an entire region was engulfed in flames, there was an attempt to pin full responsibility on Iran as if it were Iran which attacked its neighbors, and Iran, which is deliberately obstructing the navigation through the Gulf of— the Strait of Hormuz.","start":6866.986,"end":6884.909,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"When,","start":6866.986,"end":6867.195},{"text":"as","start":6867.869,"end":6867.966},{"text":"a","start":6867.966,"end":6868.03},{"text":"result","start":6868.03,"end":6868.416},{"text":"of","start":6868.416,"end":6868.464},{"text":"the","start":6868.576,"end":6868.769},{"text":"perfidious","start":6869.074,"end":6869.684},{"text":"attack","start":6869.797,"end":6870.359},{"text":"by","start":6870.359,"end":6870.584},{"text":"Western","start":6870.584,"end":6871.114},{"text":"Jerusalem","start":6871.242,"end":6871.772},{"text":"and","start":6871.949,"end":6872.19},{"text":"Washington,","start":6872.19,"end":6872.576},{"text":"an","start":6872.624,"end":6872.656},{"text":"entire","start":6872.656,"end":6873.089},{"text":"region","start":6873.089,"end":6873.459},{"text":"was","start":6874.053,"end":6874.133},{"text":"engulfed","start":6874.198,"end":6874.551},{"text":"in","start":6874.551,"end":6874.68},{"text":"flames,","start":6874.68,"end":6874.904},{"text":"there","start":6874.92,"end":6875.017},{"text":"was","start":6875.017,"end":6875.177},{"text":"an","start":6875.177,"end":6875.258},{"text":"attempt","start":6875.258,"end":6875.643},{"text":"to","start":6875.643,"end":6875.74},{"text":"pin","start":6875.74,"end":6875.884},{"text":"full","start":6876.045,"end":6876.238},{"text":"responsibility","start":6876.286,"end":6877.153},{"text":"on","start":6877.249,"end":6877.298},{"text":"Iran","start":6877.346,"end":6877.587},{"text":"as","start":6877.587,"end":6877.635},{"text":"if","start":6877.731,"end":6877.828},{"text":"it","start":6877.828,"end":6877.908},{"text":"were","start":6877.908,"end":6878.101},{"text":"Iran","start":6878.229,"end":6878.759},{"text":"which","start":6879.016,"end":6879.08},{"text":"attacked","start":6879.129,"end":6879.578},{"text":"its","start":6879.674,"end":6879.915},{"text":"neighbors,","start":6879.915,"end":6880.285},{"text":"and","start":6880.381,"end":6880.461},{"text":"Iran,","start":6880.493,"end":6880.847},{"text":"which","start":6880.943,"end":6881.007},{"text":"is","start":6881.055,"end":6881.168},{"text":"deliberately","start":6881.264,"end":6881.778},{"text":"obstructing","start":6881.778,"end":6882.292},{"text":"the","start":6882.388,"end":6882.468},{"text":"navigation","start":6882.468,"end":6882.998},{"text":"through","start":6883.111,"end":6883.335},{"text":"the","start":6883.351,"end":6883.384},{"text":"Gulf","start":6883.384,"end":6883.608},{"text":"of—","start":6883.608,"end":6883.705},{"text":"the","start":6884.01,"end":6884.09},{"text":"Strait","start":6884.09,"end":6884.427},{"text":"of","start":6884.427,"end":6884.54},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":6884.556,"end":6884.909}]},{"text":"And yet, in times of war, a coastal state that is under attack may limit navigation in its territorial waters for the purposes of security.","start":6885.615,"end":6895.811,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6885.615,"end":6885.68},{"text":"yet,","start":6885.84,"end":6886.001},{"text":"in","start":6886.017,"end":6886.081},{"text":"times","start":6886.177,"end":6886.547},{"text":"of","start":6886.723,"end":6886.948},{"text":"war,","start":6887.125,"end":6887.398},{"text":"a","start":6887.863,"end":6887.944},{"text":"coastal","start":6887.944,"end":6888.345},{"text":"state","start":6888.345,"end":6888.586},{"text":"that","start":6888.586,"end":6888.746},{"text":"is","start":6888.746,"end":6888.875},{"text":"under","start":6888.907,"end":6889.212},{"text":"attack","start":6889.228,"end":6889.726},{"text":"may","start":6890.031,"end":6890.224},{"text":"limit","start":6890.93,"end":6891.492},{"text":"navigation","start":6891.54,"end":6892.809},{"text":"in","start":6892.841,"end":6892.905},{"text":"its","start":6892.985,"end":6893.162},{"text":"territorial","start":6893.162,"end":6893.596},{"text":"waters","start":6893.788,"end":6894.093},{"text":"for","start":6894.206,"end":6894.302},{"text":"the","start":6894.302,"end":6894.447},{"text":"purposes","start":6894.447,"end":6894.896},{"text":"of","start":6894.992,"end":6895.057},{"text":"security.","start":6895.073,"end":6895.811}]},{"text":"Let us recall that before 28 February, before the decision of the United States and Israel to attack Iran, there were no serious disruptions to commercial shipping in the Persian Gulf whatsoever.","start":6896.518,"end":6912.115,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and 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a legitimate question arises: Why did everything have to begin then?","start":6912.501,"end":6916.292,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hence,","start":6912.501,"end":6912.87},{"text":"a","start":6912.999,"end":6913.015},{"text":"legitimate","start":6913.079,"end":6913.642},{"text":"question","start":6913.642,"end":6913.951},{"text":"arises:","start":6913.983,"end":6914.422},{"text":"Why","start":6914.52,"end":6914.78},{"text":"did","start":6914.943,"end":6915.122},{"text":"everything","start":6915.122,"end":6915.349},{"text":"have","start":6915.349,"end":6915.463},{"text":"to","start":6915.512,"end":6915.593},{"text":"begin","start":6915.593,"end":6916.048},{"text":"then?","start":6916.081,"end":6916.292}]},{"text":"Why did they have to start everything 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waters.","start":6917.707,"end":6927.416,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6917.707,"end":6917.772},{"text":"the","start":6917.788,"end":6918.032},{"text":"response","start":6918.032,"end":6918.536},{"text":"is","start":6918.536,"end":6918.618},{"text":"on","start":6918.666,"end":6918.748},{"text":"the","start":6918.748,"end":6918.78},{"text":"surface","start":6918.78,"end":6919.365},{"text":"here,","start":6919.479,"end":6919.609},{"text":"including","start":6920.587,"end":6921.215},{"text":"the","start":6921.247,"end":6921.344},{"text":"desire","start":6921.344,"end":6921.763},{"text":"to","start":6921.891,"end":6922.133},{"text":"oust","start":6922.278,"end":6922.826},{"text":"an","start":6923.019,"end":6923.148},{"text":"inconvenient","start":6923.245,"end":6923.985},{"text":"regime","start":6923.985,"end":6924.356},{"text":"and","start":6924.453,"end":6924.549},{"text":"to","start":6924.549,"end":6924.678},{"text":"catch","start":6924.71,"end":6925.081},{"text":"a","start":6925.258,"end":6925.274},{"text":"fish","start":6925.274,"end":6925.693},{"text":"in","start":6925.983,"end":6926.112},{"text":"murky","start":6926.563,"end":6926.901},{"text":"waters.","start":6927.03,"end":6927.416}]},{"text":"And yet today we hear merely argumentation about imaginary threats.","start":6927.932,"end":6932.067,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6927.932,"end":6927.996},{"text":"yet","start":6927.996,"end":6928.093},{"text":"today","start":6928.093,"end":6928.415},{"text":"we","start":6928.415,"end":6928.576},{"text":"hear","start":6928.576,"end":6928.77},{"text":"merely","start":6928.834,"end":6929.465},{"text":"argumentation","start":6929.465,"end":6930.239},{"text":"about","start":6930.272,"end":6930.766},{"text":"imaginary","start":6930.947,"end":6931.738},{"text":"threats.","start":6931.787,"end":6932.067}]},{"text":"And the price for this misadventure will have to be paid by friendly capitals and the peoples of the countries of the Persian Gulf.","start":6932.757,"end":6941.848,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6932.757,"end":6933.142},{"text":"the","start":6933.478,"end":6933.687},{"text":"price","start":6933.879,"end":6934.248},{"text":"for","start":6934.44,"end":6934.793},{"text":"this","start":6934.793,"end":6935.017},{"text":"misadventure","start":6935.017,"end":6935.707},{"text":"will","start":6936.124,"end":6936.236},{"text":"have","start":6936.236,"end":6936.38},{"text":"to","start":6936.38,"end":6936.46},{"text":"be","start":6936.46,"end":6936.605},{"text":"paid","start":6936.605,"end":6936.957},{"text":"by","start":6937.006,"end":6937.134},{"text":"friendly","start":6937.487,"end":6938.032},{"text":"capitals","start":6938.144,"end":6938.753},{"text":"and","start":6938.865,"end":6938.978},{"text":"the","start":6939.01,"end":6939.106},{"text":"peoples","start":6939.106,"end":6939.715},{"text":"of","start":6939.908,"end":6940.02},{"text":"the","start":6940.052,"end":6940.148},{"text":"countries","start":6940.148,"end":6940.757},{"text":"of","start":6940.87,"end":6940.95},{"text":"the","start":6940.95,"end":6941.03},{"text":"Persian","start":6941.03,"end":6941.319},{"text":"Gulf.","start":6941.431,"end":6941.848}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation staunchly advocates for a ceasefire and restoration of a political diplomatic process in order to resolve existing conflict, in order to uphold the security of interests of all states in the region, barring none.","start":6942.617,"end":6956.711,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Federation","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":6994.337,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=6995","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":6994.337,"end":6994.723,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6994.337,"end":6994.578},{"text":"you.","start":6994.578,"end":6994.723}]},{"text":"I thank the representative of the Russian Federation for the statement.","start":6995.543,"end":7000.499,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6995.543,"end":6995.623},{"text":"thank","start":6995.623,"end":6995.928},{"text":"the","start":6995.928,"end":6996.121},{"text":"representative","start":6996.266,"end":6997.118},{"text":"of","start":6997.294,"end":6997.439},{"text":"the","start":6998.034,"end":6998.275},{"text":"Russian","start":6998.355,"end":6998.644},{"text":"Federation","start":6998.757,"end":6999.448},{"text":"for","start":6999.625,"end":6999.77},{"text":"the","start":6999.786,"end":6999.867},{"text":"statement.","start":6999.867,"end":7000.499}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Democratic Republic of the 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Council"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":7008.93,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=7009","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Monsieur le Président, la République— Mr. President, the Democratic Republic of the Congo wishes to warmly congratulate— to welcome you Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain, your presence honors us and once again offers us an opportunity to congratulate your country, the Kingdom of Bahrain, upon its leadership in the conduct of the proceedings of the Security Council, as well as for the steadfastness in the approach of upholding the rights of civilians and promoting peace and upholding the rights of civilians affected by armed 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the same vein, we welcome the presence of the ministers and vice ministers for foreign affairs during today's meeting.","start":7046.743,"end":7055.175,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7046.743,"end":7046.807},{"text":"the","start":7046.807,"end":7046.887},{"text":"same","start":7046.887,"end":7047.079},{"text":"vein,","start":7047.192,"end":7047.416},{"text":"we","start":7047.833,"end":7047.993},{"text":"welcome","start":7047.993,"end":7048.314},{"text":"the","start":7048.314,"end":7048.41},{"text":"presence","start":7048.41,"end":7048.859},{"text":"of","start":7049.035,"end":7049.179},{"text":"the","start":7049.917,"end":7050.125},{"text":"ministers","start":7050.414,"end":7050.975},{"text":"and","start":7050.975,"end":7051.103},{"text":"vice","start":7051.199,"end":7051.456},{"text":"ministers","start":7051.456,"end":7051.825},{"text":"for","start":7051.921,"end":7052.001},{"text":"foreign","start":7052.001,"end":7052.321},{"text":"affairs","start":7052.321,"end":7052.867},{"text":"during","start":7053.219,"end":7053.444},{"text":"today's","start":7053.444,"end":7053.957},{"text":"meeting.","start":7054.742,"end":7055.175}]},{"text":"And lastly, we wish to thank Arsenio Dominguez, Secretary General of the International Maritime Organization, as well as Mr. Nick Childs, Senior Fellow, Naval Forces and Maritime Security for their high-quality briefings.","start":7055.223,"end":7074.529,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7076.493,"end":7076.751},{"text":"President,","start":7076.799,"end":7077.395},{"text":"seas","start":7077.476,"end":7077.91},{"text":"and","start":7077.942,"end":7078.087},{"text":"oceans","start":7078.087,"end":7078.522},{"text":"are","start":7078.587,"end":7078.683},{"text":"common","start":7078.732,"end":7079.037},{"text":"heritage","start":7079.054,"end":7079.392},{"text":"of","start":7079.392,"end":7079.474},{"text":"humankind,","start":7079.474,"end":7080.194},{"text":"as","start":7080.226,"end":7080.341},{"text":"well","start":7080.374,"end":7080.619},{"text":"as","start":7080.619,"end":7080.799},{"text":"a","start":7080.799,"end":7080.815},{"text":"critical","start":7080.93,"end":7081.469},{"text":"bedrock","start":7081.845,"end":7082.483},{"text":"for","start":7082.483,"end":7082.696},{"text":"the","start":7082.843,"end":7083.056},{"text":"operations","start":7083.056,"end":7083.546},{"text":"of","start":7083.563,"end":7083.628},{"text":"the","start":7083.628,"end":7083.726},{"text":"global","start":7083.726,"end":7083.988},{"text":"economy.","start":7083.988,"end":7084.348}]},{"text":"They provide for smooth international trade, they support supply chains, and they provide lasting links amongst nations.","start":7085.132,"end":7096.044,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7085.132,"end":7085.373},{"text":"provide","start":7085.373,"end":7085.983},{"text":"for","start":7086.032,"end":7086.208},{"text":"smooth","start":7086.433,"end":7087.173},{"text":"international","start":7087.285,"end":7087.848},{"text":"trade,","start":7087.848,"end":7088.555},{"text":"they","start":7088.828,"end":7089.021},{"text":"support","start":7089.166,"end":7090.275},{"text":"supply","start":7090.532,"end":7090.95},{"text":"chains,","start":7091.062,"end":7091.496},{"text":"and","start":7092.027,"end":7092.332},{"text":"they","start":7092.509,"end":7092.766},{"text":"provide","start":7092.83,"end":7093.393},{"text":"lasting","start":7093.393,"end":7093.859},{"text":"links","start":7094.468,"end":7094.899},{"text":"amongst","start":7095.131,"end":7095.546},{"text":"nations.","start":7095.546,"end":7096.044}]},{"text":"Nations.","start":7096.57,"end":7096.893,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nations.","start":7096.57,"end":7096.893}]},{"text":"These strategic spaces today are facing convergent threats which are impeding freedom of navigation, are undermining economies, are disrupting energy and trade flows, and are compromising, more broadly speaking, international stability.","start":7097.394,"end":7114.125,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7097.394,"end":7097.669},{"text":"strategic","start":7097.669,"end":7098.38},{"text":"spaces","start":7099.108,"end":7099.512},{"text":"today","start":7099.577,"end":7099.949},{"text":"are","start":7100.466,"end":7100.547},{"text":"facing","start":7100.547,"end":7101},{"text":"convergent","start":7101.129,"end":7101.776},{"text":"threats","start":7101.776,"end":7102.277},{"text":"which","start":7102.406,"end":7102.552},{"text":"are","start":7102.649,"end":7102.73},{"text":"impeding","start":7102.73,"end":7103.118},{"text":"freedom","start":7103.215,"end":7103.441},{"text":"of","start":7103.473,"end":7103.57},{"text":"navigation,","start":7103.57,"end":7104.169},{"text":"are","start":7104.57,"end":7104.666},{"text":"undermining","start":7104.666,"end":7105.135},{"text":"economies,","start":7105.183,"end":7105.942},{"text":"are","start":7106.361,"end":7106.442},{"text":"disrupting","start":7106.442,"end":7107.217},{"text":"energy","start":7107.75,"end":7108.121},{"text":"and","start":7108.379,"end":7108.799},{"text":"trade","start":7108.799,"end":7109.251},{"text":"flows,","start":7109.267,"end":7109.655},{"text":"and","start":7109.751,"end":7109.832},{"text":"are","start":7109.864,"end":7110.058},{"text":"compromising,","start":7110.074,"end":7110.946},{"text":"more","start":7111.043,"end":7111.22},{"text":"broadly","start":7111.22,"end":7111.511},{"text":"speaking,","start":7111.559,"end":7112.076},{"text":"international","start":7112.95,"end":7113.416},{"text":"stability.","start":7113.481,"end":7114.125}]},{"text":"And what is at stake here has now gone beyond maritime safety and security alone.","start":7115.8,"end":7121.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7115.8,"end":7115.977},{"text":"what","start":7116.041,"end":7116.186},{"text":"is","start":7116.186,"end":7116.251},{"text":"at","start":7116.267,"end":7116.379},{"text":"stake","start":7116.379,"end":7116.846},{"text":"here","start":7116.846,"end":7117.12},{"text":"has","start":7117.716,"end":7117.941},{"text":"now","start":7117.99,"end":7118.151},{"text":"gone","start":7118.296,"end":7118.73},{"text":"beyond","start":7118.779,"end":7119.487},{"text":"maritime","start":7119.487,"end":7120.051},{"text":"safety","start":7120.212,"end":7120.534},{"text":"and","start":7120.534,"end":7120.614},{"text":"security","start":7120.614,"end":7121.162},{"text":"alone.","start":7121.275,"end":7121.709}]},{"text":"What is at stake here is the ability of the international community to preserve an open, secure global space that is governed by law.","start":7121.822,"end":7134.124,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":7121.822,"end":7121.903},{"text":"is","start":7121.903,"end":7121.999},{"text":"at","start":7121.999,"end":7122.064},{"text":"stake","start":7122.064,"end":7122.418},{"text":"here","start":7122.5,"end":7122.628},{"text":"is","start":7123.318,"end":7123.463},{"text":"the","start":7123.72,"end":7123.912},{"text":"ability","start":7123.977,"end":7124.587},{"text":"of","start":7125.085,"end":7125.133},{"text":"the","start":7125.181,"end":7125.325},{"text":"international","start":7125.325,"end":7125.968},{"text":"community","start":7125.968,"end":7126.674},{"text":"to","start":7127.188,"end":7127.413},{"text":"preserve","start":7127.413,"end":7128.408},{"text":"an","start":7128.858,"end":7128.922},{"text":"open,","start":7129.115,"end":7129.564},{"text":"secure","start":7129.613,"end":7130.496},{"text":"global","start":7131.748,"end":7132.166},{"text":"space","start":7132.166,"end":7132.535},{"text":"that","start":7132.567,"end":7132.712},{"text":"is","start":7132.712,"end":7132.808},{"text":"governed","start":7132.872,"end":7133.338},{"text":"by","start":7133.37,"end":7133.563},{"text":"law.","start":7134.012,"end":7134.124}]},{"text":"Illicit trafficking in migrants, piracy, transnational organized crime, and new threats targeting port infrastructures, navigation systems, and vessels continue to surface in many regions, specifically in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Guinea.","start":7135.441,"end":7156.225,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. 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These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7157.044,"end":7157.43},{"text":"combined","start":7157.623,"end":7158.426},{"text":"threats","start":7158.49,"end":7159.101},{"text":"pose","start":7159.856,"end":7160.161},{"text":"a","start":7160.21,"end":7160.226},{"text":"grave","start":7160.274,"end":7160.563},{"text":"threat","start":7160.579,"end":7160.901},{"text":"to","start":7160.901,"end":7160.933},{"text":"the","start":7160.997,"end":7161.077},{"text":"security","start":7161.077,"end":7162.202},{"text":"of","start":7162.202,"end":7162.331},{"text":"coastal","start":7162.347,"end":7162.829},{"text":"states,","start":7162.829,"end":7163.295},{"text":"endanger","start":7163.472,"end":7164.034},{"text":"civilian","start":7164.034,"end":7164.564},{"text":"and","start":7164.693,"end":7164.757},{"text":"cruise","start":7164.837,"end":7165.303},{"text":"lives,","start":7165.48,"end":7165.866},{"text":"while","start":7166.444,"end":7166.573},{"text":"at","start":7166.621,"end":7166.701},{"text":"the","start":7166.701,"end":7166.782},{"text":"same","start":7166.782,"end":7167.216},{"text":"time","start":7167.328,"end":7167.633},{"text":"disrupting","start":7167.666,"end":7168.26},{"text":"supply","start":7168.646,"end":7169.063},{"text":"chain","start":7169.337,"end":7169.562},{"text":"operations.","start":7170.076,"end":7171.008}]},{"text":"Mr. President, for my delegation, these These complex challenges can only be resolved through a holistic approach that is rooted in enhanced regional and international cooperation, prevention, innovation, and strict respect for the rule of law.","start":7171.602,"end":7191.336,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7171.602,"end":7171.827},{"text":"President,","start":7171.908,"end":7172.342},{"text":"for","start":7172.39,"end":7172.502},{"text":"my","start":7172.502,"end":7172.711},{"text":"delegation,","start":7172.711,"end":7173.418},{"text":"these","start":7173.515,"end":7173.659},{"text":"These","start":7173.74,"end":7173.82},{"text":"complex","start":7173.836,"end":7174.397},{"text":"challenges","start":7174.397,"end":7175.023},{"text":"can","start":7175.055,"end":7175.247},{"text":"only","start":7175.761,"end":7176.146},{"text":"be","start":7176.258,"end":7176.482},{"text":"resolved","start":7176.482,"end":7177.3},{"text":"through","start":7177.685,"end":7177.814},{"text":"a","start":7177.862,"end":7177.942},{"text":"holistic","start":7177.942,"end":7178.68},{"text":"approach","start":7178.68,"end":7179.113},{"text":"that","start":7179.225,"end":7179.45},{"text":"is","start":7179.45,"end":7179.594},{"text":"rooted","start":7180.172,"end":7180.685},{"text":"in","start":7180.894,"end":7181.102},{"text":"enhanced","start":7182.177,"end":7182.979},{"text":"regional","start":7182.979,"end":7183.348},{"text":"and","start":7183.46,"end":7183.556},{"text":"international","start":7183.556,"end":7184.118},{"text":"cooperation,","start":7184.118,"end":7184.888},{"text":"prevention,","start":7185.224,"end":7185.914},{"text":"innovation,","start":7186.283,"end":7186.973},{"text":"and","start":7187.631,"end":7188.064},{"text":"strict","start":7188.304,"end":7189.058},{"text":"respect","start":7189.106,"end":7190.133},{"text":"for","start":7190.213,"end":7190.406},{"text":"the","start":7190.614,"end":7190.758},{"text":"rule","start":7190.758,"end":7190.887},{"text":"of","start":7191.079,"end":7191.127},{"text":"law.","start":7191.24,"end":7191.336}]},{"text":"And this approach needs to be part of lasting frameworks for maritime governance that can preempt and provide effective and efficient responses to the rapidly evolving threats.","start":7191.961,"end":7203.878,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7191.961,"end":7192.074},{"text":"this","start":7192.282,"end":7192.555},{"text":"approach","start":7192.715,"end":7193.132},{"text":"needs","start":7193.277,"end":7193.549},{"text":"to","start":7193.566,"end":7193.662},{"text":"be","start":7193.662,"end":7193.822},{"text":"part","start":7193.822,"end":7194.239},{"text":"of","start":7194.368,"end":7194.608},{"text":"lasting","start":7194.704,"end":7195.073},{"text":"frameworks","start":7195.17,"end":7195.651},{"text":"for","start":7195.651,"end":7195.779},{"text":"maritime","start":7196.148,"end":7196.645},{"text":"governance","start":7196.709,"end":7197.383},{"text":"that","start":7197.816,"end":7198.009},{"text":"can","start":7198.009,"end":7198.185},{"text":"preempt","start":7198.378,"end":7199.099},{"text":"and","start":7199.116,"end":7199.18},{"text":"provide","start":7199.26,"end":7199.805},{"text":"effective","start":7199.853,"end":7200.335},{"text":"and","start":7200.335,"end":7200.415},{"text":"efficient","start":7200.415,"end":7200.784},{"text":"responses","start":7200.8,"end":7201.409},{"text":"to","start":7201.49,"end":7201.778},{"text":"the","start":7201.778,"end":7201.89},{"text":"rapidly","start":7201.922,"end":7202.451},{"text":"evolving","start":7202.644,"end":7203.141},{"text":"threats.","start":7203.285,"end":7203.878}]},{"text":"And it is a conceptual and practical shoring up of maritime security, which is inextricably linked to respect for international law, particularly the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, as well as other relevant instruments of the International Maritime Organization, which represents the normative bedrock guaranteeing freedom of navigation, safety and security at sea, and peaceful dispute resolution.","start":7204.648,"end":7230.837,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7204.648,"end":7204.712},{"text":"it","start":7204.792,"end":7204.952},{"text":"is","start":7204.952,"end":7205.016},{"text":"a","start":7205.129,"end":7205.145},{"text":"conceptual","start":7205.193,"end":7205.85},{"text":"and","start":7205.85,"end":7205.93},{"text":"practical","start":7205.93,"end":7206.603},{"text":"shoring","start":7207.213,"end":7207.742},{"text":"up","start":7207.918,"end":7208.078},{"text":"of","start":7208.479,"end":7208.623},{"text":"maritime","start":7208.72,"end":7209.056},{"text":"security,","start":7209.056,"end":7209.537},{"text":"which","start":7209.601,"end":7209.778},{"text":"is","start":7209.778,"end":7209.826},{"text":"inextricably","start":7210.323,"end":7210.98},{"text":"linked","start":7210.98,"end":7211.188},{"text":"to","start":7211.22,"end":7211.381},{"text":"respect","start":7211.381,"end":7211.814},{"text":"for","start":7211.862,"end":7211.926},{"text":"international","start":7211.942,"end":7212.519},{"text":"law,","start":7212.519,"end":7212.583},{"text":"particularly","start":7212.663,"end":7213.385},{"text":"the","start":7213.385,"end":7213.545},{"text":"UN","start":7213.609,"end":7213.753},{"text":"Convention","start":7213.785,"end":7214.186},{"text":"on","start":7214.186,"end":7214.266},{"text":"the","start":7214.266,"end":7214.347},{"text":"Law","start":7214.347,"end":7214.491},{"text":"of","start":7214.491,"end":7214.523},{"text":"the","start":7214.523,"end":7214.667},{"text":"Sea,","start":7214.667,"end":7215.084},{"text":"as","start":7215.613,"end":7215.837},{"text":"well","start":7215.934,"end":7216.046},{"text":"as","start":7216.174,"end":7216.318},{"text":"other","start":7216.495,"end":7216.751},{"text":"relevant","start":7216.751,"end":7217.168},{"text":"instruments","start":7217.232,"end":7217.825},{"text":"of","start":7218.018,"end":7218.226},{"text":"the","start":7218.29,"end":7218.611},{"text":"International","start":7218.659,"end":7219.108},{"text":"Maritime","start":7219.108,"end":7219.509},{"text":"Organization,","start":7219.557,"end":7220.31},{"text":"which","start":7220.919,"end":7221.128},{"text":"represents","start":7221.785,"end":7222.442},{"text":"the","start":7222.442,"end":7222.539},{"text":"normative","start":7222.539,"end":7223.452},{"text":"bedrock","start":7224.029,"end":7224.623},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":7225.152,"end":7225.536},{"text":"freedom","start":7225.713,"end":7225.937},{"text":"of","start":7225.969,"end":7226.049},{"text":"navigation,","start":7226.049,"end":7226.819},{"text":"safety","start":7227.14,"end":7227.414},{"text":"and","start":7227.414,"end":7227.479},{"text":"security","start":7227.479,"end":7227.979},{"text":"at","start":7227.979,"end":7228.076},{"text":"sea,","start":7228.076,"end":7228.544},{"text":"and","start":7228.948,"end":7229.013},{"text":"peaceful","start":7229.174,"end":7229.659},{"text":"dispute","start":7229.659,"end":7230.143},{"text":"resolution.","start":7230.143,"end":7230.837}]},{"text":"Africa is cognizant of these challenges, and therefore we have embraced this approach at the regional and sub-regional levels.","start":7232.808,"end":7239.915,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Africa","start":7232.808,"end":7233.389},{"text":"is","start":7233.453,"end":7233.599},{"text":"cognizant","start":7233.793,"end":7234.665},{"text":"of","start":7234.745,"end":7234.794},{"text":"these","start":7234.842,"end":7235.052},{"text":"challenges,","start":7235.149,"end":7235.617},{"text":"and","start":7235.714,"end":7235.86},{"text":"therefore","start":7235.86,"end":7236.249},{"text":"we","start":7236.362,"end":7236.444},{"text":"have","start":7236.444,"end":7236.541},{"text":"embraced","start":7236.541,"end":7237.109},{"text":"this","start":7237.109,"end":7237.222},{"text":"approach","start":7237.287,"end":7237.644},{"text":"at","start":7237.693,"end":7237.822},{"text":"the","start":7237.822,"end":7237.887},{"text":"regional","start":7237.92,"end":7238.39},{"text":"and","start":7238.471,"end":7238.617},{"text":"sub-regional","start":7238.666,"end":7239.331},{"text":"levels.","start":7239.38,"end":7239.915}]},{"text":"At the regional level, the African Union on 15 October 2016 adopted the African Charter on Maritime Safety and Security and Development in Africa.","start":7240.418,"end":7250.73,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":7240.418,"end":7240.515},{"text":"the","start":7240.515,"end":7240.596},{"text":"regional","start":7240.678,"end":7241.115},{"text":"level,","start":7241.245,"end":7241.635},{"text":"the","start":7241.732,"end":7241.813},{"text":"African","start":7241.894,"end":7242.365},{"text":"Union","start":7242.365,"end":7242.77},{"text":"on","start":7242.77,"end":7242.835},{"text":"15","start":7242.932,"end":7243.192},{"text":"October","start":7243.192,"end":7243.645},{"text":"2016","start":7243.758,"end":7245.182},{"text":"adopted","start":7245.602,"end":7246.104},{"text":"the","start":7246.104,"end":7246.249},{"text":"African","start":7246.33,"end":7246.799},{"text":"Charter","start":7247.058,"end":7247.527},{"text":"on","start":7247.705,"end":7247.835},{"text":"Maritime","start":7247.948,"end":7248.368},{"text":"Safety","start":7248.368,"end":7248.773},{"text":"and","start":7248.773,"end":7248.838},{"text":"Security","start":7248.838,"end":7249.339},{"text":"and","start":7249.339,"end":7249.42},{"text":"Development","start":7249.42,"end":7249.97},{"text":"in","start":7249.97,"end":7250.067},{"text":"Africa.","start":7250.213,"end":7250.73}]},{"text":"This is a strategic framework, the purpose of which is to improve maritime safety and security, to fight against illicit activities, to promote the development of the blue economy by leveraging cooperation, coordination, and exchange of information among member states.","start":7251.28,"end":7270.451,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7251.28,"end":7251.394},{"text":"is","start":7251.458,"end":7251.572},{"text":"a","start":7251.604,"end":7251.62},{"text":"strategic","start":7251.62,"end":7252.364},{"text":"framework,","start":7252.401,"end":7252.995},{"text":"the","start":7253.012,"end":7253.164},{"text":"purpose","start":7253.164,"end":7253.486},{"text":"of","start":7253.605,"end":7253.69},{"text":"which","start":7253.69,"end":7253.91},{"text":"is","start":7253.961,"end":7254.079},{"text":"to","start":7254.11,"end":7254.27},{"text":"improve","start":7254.72,"end":7255.394},{"text":"maritime","start":7255.57,"end":7255.988},{"text":"safety","start":7255.988,"end":7256.309},{"text":"and","start":7256.309,"end":7256.373},{"text":"security,","start":7256.373,"end":7256.999},{"text":"to","start":7257.416,"end":7257.609},{"text":"fight","start":7257.898,"end":7258.524},{"text":"against","start":7258.62,"end":7259.118},{"text":"illicit","start":7259.182,"end":7259.519},{"text":"activities,","start":7259.519,"end":7260.21},{"text":"to","start":7260.563,"end":7260.723},{"text":"promote","start":7260.723,"end":7261.622},{"text":"the","start":7261.686,"end":7261.767},{"text":"development","start":7261.783,"end":7262.505},{"text":"of","start":7262.505,"end":7262.617},{"text":"the","start":7262.633,"end":7262.73},{"text":"blue","start":7262.73,"end":7262.987},{"text":"economy","start":7263.388,"end":7263.902},{"text":"by","start":7264.014,"end":7264.287},{"text":"leveraging","start":7264.64,"end":7265.025},{"text":"cooperation,","start":7265.138,"end":7265.908},{"text":"coordination,","start":7266.342,"end":7267.176},{"text":"and","start":7267.77,"end":7267.963},{"text":"exchange","start":7267.963,"end":7268.428},{"text":"of","start":7268.428,"end":7268.509},{"text":"information","start":7268.509,"end":7269.071},{"text":"among","start":7269.071,"end":7269.359},{"text":"member","start":7269.456,"end":7269.697},{"text":"states.","start":7269.697,"end":7270.451}]},{"text":"Several years ago, on the 25th of June, 2013, 25 states of the West African Central African subregions, including the DRC, adopted the Yaoundé Code of Conduct, the purpose of which is to provide security in the Gulf of Guinea.","start":7271.719,"end":7292.124,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":7271.719,"end":7272.121},{"text":"years","start":7272.121,"end":7272.361},{"text":"ago,","start":7272.361,"end":7272.747},{"text":"on","start":7273.63,"end":7273.806},{"text":"the","start":7273.806,"end":7273.951},{"text":"25th","start":7273.951,"end":7274.785},{"text":"of","start":7274.785,"end":7274.898},{"text":"June,","start":7274.93,"end":7275.379},{"text":"2013,","start":7275.411,"end":7276.744},{"text":"25","start":7277.257,"end":7278.67},{"text":"states","start":7278.718,"end":7279.312},{"text":"of","start":7279.649,"end":7279.874},{"text":"the","start":7279.906,"end":7280.147},{"text":"West","start":7280.147,"end":7280.404},{"text":"African","start":7280.452,"end":7280.741},{"text":"Central","start":7280.789,"end":7281.078},{"text":"African","start":7281.11,"end":7281.479},{"text":"subregions,","start":7281.87,"end":7282.435},{"text":"including","start":7282.532,"end":7282.887},{"text":"the","start":7282.951,"end":7283.097},{"text":"DRC,","start":7283.097,"end":7283.775},{"text":"adopted","start":7284.389,"end":7285.018},{"text":"the","start":7285.535,"end":7285.68},{"text":"Yaoundé","start":7285.68,"end":7286.1},{"text":"Code","start":7286.165,"end":7286.359},{"text":"of","start":7286.359,"end":7286.472},{"text":"Conduct,","start":7286.488,"end":7287.134},{"text":"the","start":7287.473,"end":7287.553},{"text":"purpose","start":7287.634,"end":7288.183},{"text":"of","start":7288.183,"end":7288.345},{"text":"which","start":7288.345,"end":7288.571},{"text":"is","start":7289.071,"end":7289.217},{"text":"to","start":7289.475,"end":7289.749},{"text":"provide","start":7289.814,"end":7290.395},{"text":"security","start":7290.718,"end":7291.477},{"text":"in","start":7291.59,"end":7291.639},{"text":"the","start":7291.655,"end":7291.72},{"text":"Gulf","start":7291.72,"end":7291.833},{"text":"of","start":7291.833,"end":7291.93},{"text":"Guinea.","start":7291.93,"end":7292.124}]},{"text":"This code of conduct has been recognized as having established a culture of unity as well as enhanced collaboration for the Gulf of Guinea, particularly when it comes to the security of vessels.","start":7292.641,"end":7304.516,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7292.641,"end":7292.835},{"text":"code","start":7292.948,"end":7293.143},{"text":"of","start":7293.143,"end":7293.256},{"text":"conduct","start":7293.288,"end":7293.773},{"text":"has","start":7293.773,"end":7293.983},{"text":"been","start":7294.08,"end":7294.194},{"text":"recognized","start":7294.242,"end":7295.035},{"text":"as","start":7295.39,"end":7295.439},{"text":"having","start":7295.536,"end":7295.762},{"text":"established","start":7295.859,"end":7296.619},{"text":"a","start":7296.619,"end":7296.635},{"text":"culture","start":7296.684,"end":7297.088},{"text":"of","start":7297.088,"end":7297.218},{"text":"unity","start":7297.315,"end":7297.703},{"text":"as","start":7297.961,"end":7298.026},{"text":"well","start":7298.204,"end":7298.333},{"text":"as","start":7298.447,"end":7298.511},{"text":"enhanced","start":7299.029,"end":7299.676},{"text":"collaboration","start":7299.74,"end":7300.452},{"text":"for","start":7300.549,"end":7300.743},{"text":"the","start":7300.743,"end":7300.888},{"text":"Gulf","start":7300.888,"end":7301.066},{"text":"of","start":7301.066,"end":7301.18},{"text":"Guinea,","start":7301.18,"end":7301.375},{"text":"particularly","start":7301.456,"end":7302.156},{"text":"when","start":7302.254,"end":7302.319},{"text":"it","start":7302.368,"end":7302.498},{"text":"comes","start":7302.498,"end":7302.807},{"text":"to","start":7302.921,"end":7303.1},{"text":"the","start":7303.246,"end":7303.344},{"text":"security","start":7303.344,"end":7303.963},{"text":"of","start":7303.963,"end":7304.06},{"text":"vessels.","start":7304.06,"end":7304.516}]},{"text":"We see headlines about threats to security of maritime routes and the principle of freedom of navigation, specifically when it comes to the Strait of Hormuz, which is embroiled in tensions in the Middle East.","start":7306.013,"end":7320.02,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7306.013,"end":7306.274},{"text":"see","start":7306.436,"end":7306.843},{"text":"headlines","start":7306.99,"end":7307.689},{"text":"about","start":7308.026,"end":7308.459},{"text":"threats","start":7308.588,"end":7308.973},{"text":"to","start":7309.166,"end":7309.375},{"text":"security","start":7310.113,"end":7310.852},{"text":"of","start":7310.852,"end":7310.9},{"text":"maritime","start":7310.932,"end":7311.526},{"text":"routes","start":7311.719,"end":7312.056},{"text":"and","start":7312.056,"end":7312.136},{"text":"the","start":7312.136,"end":7312.217},{"text":"principle","start":7312.217,"end":7312.666},{"text":"of","start":7312.714,"end":7312.795},{"text":"freedom","start":7312.795,"end":7313.469},{"text":"of","start":7313.501,"end":7313.63},{"text":"navigation,","start":7313.646,"end":7314.192},{"text":"specifically","start":7314.224,"end":7314.866},{"text":"when","start":7314.866,"end":7315.027},{"text":"it","start":7315.027,"end":7315.091},{"text":"comes","start":7315.091,"end":7315.332},{"text":"to","start":7315.332,"end":7315.508},{"text":"the","start":7315.508,"end":7315.589},{"text":"Strait","start":7315.589,"end":7315.894},{"text":"of","start":7315.894,"end":7316.038},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":7316.311,"end":7316.68},{"text":"which","start":7316.873,"end":7317.034},{"text":"is","start":7317.034,"end":7317.082},{"text":"embroiled","start":7317.194,"end":7317.885},{"text":"in","start":7318.382,"end":7318.607},{"text":"tensions","start":7318.8,"end":7319.249},{"text":"in","start":7319.282,"end":7319.362},{"text":"the","start":7319.362,"end":7319.442},{"text":"Middle","start":7319.442,"end":7319.619},{"text":"East.","start":7319.747,"end":7320.02}]},{"text":"The Strait is a strategic corridor for global trade.","start":7320.325,"end":7323.986,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7320.325,"end":7320.422},{"text":"Strait","start":7320.422,"end":7321.048},{"text":"is","start":7321.305,"end":7321.417},{"text":"a","start":7321.449,"end":7321.465},{"text":"strategic","start":7321.465,"end":7322.156},{"text":"corridor","start":7322.252,"end":7322.766},{"text":"for","start":7322.894,"end":7323.167},{"text":"global","start":7323.36,"end":7323.649},{"text":"trade.","start":7323.681,"end":7323.986}]},{"text":"As such, it carries deep significance for the delivery of essential goods and energy resources.","start":7324.163,"end":7330.81,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":7324.163,"end":7324.227},{"text":"such,","start":7324.259,"end":7324.789},{"text":"it","start":7325.544,"end":7325.64},{"text":"carries","start":7325.688,"end":7326.073},{"text":"deep","start":7326.266,"end":7326.523},{"text":"significance","start":7326.587,"end":7327.23},{"text":"for","start":7327.23,"end":7327.374},{"text":"the","start":7327.374,"end":7327.47},{"text":"delivery","start":7327.47,"end":7327.952},{"text":"of","start":7327.952,"end":7328.032},{"text":"essential","start":7328.032,"end":7328.402},{"text":"goods","start":7328.514,"end":7328.964},{"text":"and","start":7329.221,"end":7329.365},{"text":"energy","start":7329.477,"end":7329.75},{"text":"resources.","start":7329.863,"end":7330.81}]},{"text":"The escalation of tensions in such a strategic area harbors significant risks to international and regional stability.","start":7331.645,"end":7341.398,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7331.645,"end":7331.806},{"text":"escalation","start":7331.806,"end":7332.336},{"text":"of","start":7332.432,"end":7332.496},{"text":"tensions","start":7332.528,"end":7333.299},{"text":"in","start":7333.716,"end":7333.812},{"text":"such","start":7333.812,"end":7334.149},{"text":"a","start":7334.149,"end":7334.165},{"text":"strategic","start":7334.213,"end":7335.48},{"text":"area","start":7335.817,"end":7336.218},{"text":"harbors","start":7336.298,"end":7336.988},{"text":"significant","start":7337.437,"end":7337.998},{"text":"risks","start":7338.062,"end":7338.639},{"text":"to","start":7339.169,"end":7339.361},{"text":"international","start":7339.666,"end":7340.147},{"text":"and","start":7340.147,"end":7340.388},{"text":"regional","start":7340.388,"end":7340.804},{"text":"stability.","start":7340.804,"end":7341.398}]},{"text":"In this context, the DRC believes that it is impun— it is incumbent upon the Security Council to be fully seized of the matter and to contribute through its mandate to preventing any deterioration of this situation.","start":7341.991,"end":7356.793,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7357.21,"end":7357.291},{"text":"protection","start":7357.291,"end":7357.756},{"text":"of","start":7357.852,"end":7357.916},{"text":"civilians,","start":7357.932,"end":7358.557},{"text":"of","start":7358.654,"end":7358.718},{"text":"crews,","start":7358.814,"end":7359.359},{"text":"and","start":7359.536,"end":7359.92},{"text":"maritime","start":7360.016,"end":7360.401},{"text":"infrastructure","start":7360.593,"end":7361.395},{"text":"must","start":7361.811,"end":7362.26},{"text":"remain","start":7362.26,"end":7362.484},{"text":"a","start":7362.532,"end":7362.596},{"text":"priority","start":7362.596,"end":7363.285},{"text":"strictly","start":7363.702,"end":7364.439},{"text":"in","start":7364.439,"end":7364.535},{"text":"accordance","start":7364.535,"end":7365.064},{"text":"with","start":7365.08,"end":7365.176},{"text":"international","start":7365.224,"end":7365.801},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7365.801,"end":7366.394},{"text":"law","start":7366.763,"end":7366.875},{"text":"and","start":7367.708,"end":7368.125},{"text":"in","start":7368.125,"end":7368.173},{"text":"accordance","start":7368.221,"end":7368.766},{"text":"with","start":7368.83,"end":7369.182},{"text":"the","start":7369.231,"end":7369.375},{"text":"applicable","start":7369.391,"end":7369.872},{"text":"rules","start":7369.872,"end":7370.256},{"text":"for","start":7370.448,"end":7370.577},{"text":"conflict—","start":7370.609,"end":7371.153},{"text":"armed","start":7371.474,"end":7371.698},{"text":"conflict","start":7371.73,"end":7372.451},{"text":"at","start":7372.996,"end":7373.157},{"text":"sea,","start":7373.157,"end":7373.413},{"text":"specifically","start":7373.429,"end":7374.118},{"text":"the","start":7374.134,"end":7374.214},{"text":"principles","start":7374.214,"end":7374.759},{"text":"of","start":7374.759,"end":7374.855},{"text":"distinction","start":7374.855,"end":7375.544},{"text":"and","start":7376.041,"end":7376.121},{"text":"proportionality.","start":7376.217,"end":7377.307}]},{"text":"To that end, we encourage, inter alia, the mediation efforts underway, specifically those efforts which are being spearheaded by Pakistan.","start":7377.659,"end":7386.988,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":7377.659,"end":7377.788},{"text":"that","start":7377.804,"end":7378.012},{"text":"end,","start":7378.204,"end":7378.621},{"text":"we","start":7378.685,"end":7378.893},{"text":"encourage,","start":7379.422,"end":7380.191},{"text":"inter","start":7380.223,"end":7380.576},{"text":"alia,","start":7380.688,"end":7380.929},{"text":"the","start":7380.945,"end":7381.041},{"text":"mediation","start":7381.041,"end":7381.634},{"text":"efforts","start":7381.73,"end":7382.018},{"text":"underway,","start":7382.066,"end":7382.579},{"text":"specifically","start":7383.204,"end":7383.957},{"text":"those","start":7383.989,"end":7384.358},{"text":"efforts","start":7384.534,"end":7384.951},{"text":"which","start":7384.951,"end":7385.111},{"text":"are","start":7385.111,"end":7385.191},{"text":"being","start":7385.191,"end":7385.399},{"text":"spearheaded","start":7385.48,"end":7386.041},{"text":"by","start":7386.073,"end":7386.314},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":7386.314,"end":7386.988}]},{"text":"We call upon parties concerned to embrace dialogue, restraint, and de-escalation.","start":7387.438,"end":7394.435,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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China.","start":7452.216,"end":7454.972,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7452.216,"end":7452.248},{"text":"now","start":7452.248,"end":7452.394},{"text":"give","start":7452.475,"end":7452.702},{"text":"the","start":7452.702,"end":7452.783},{"text":"floor","start":7452.783,"end":7453.205},{"text":"to","start":7453.367,"end":7453.497},{"text":"the","start":7453.513,"end":7453.691},{"text":"representative","start":7453.691,"end":7454.486},{"text":"of","start":7454.486,"end":7454.551},{"text":"China.","start":7454.648,"end":7454.972}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":7457.134,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=7458","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, President.","start":7457.134,"end":7458.197,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7457.134,"end":7457.327},{"text":"you,","start":7457.375,"end":7457.44},{"text":"President.","start":7457.472,"end":7458.197}]},{"text":"At the outset, I welcome His Excellency Foreign Minister Zayani of Bahrain presiding over this meeting.","start":7459.872,"end":7466.223,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":7459.872,"end":7459.952},{"text":"the","start":7459.952,"end":7460.097},{"text":"outset,","start":7460.113,"end":7460.548},{"text":"I","start":7460.838,"end":7460.854},{"text":"welcome","start":7460.854,"end":7461.257},{"text":"His","start":7461.257,"end":7461.418},{"text":"Excellency","start":7461.482,"end":7461.949},{"text":"Foreign","start":7462.626,"end":7462.851},{"text":"Minister","start":7462.851,"end":7463.914},{"text":"Zayani","start":7463.914,"end":7464.446},{"text":"of","start":7464.478,"end":7464.623},{"text":"Bahrain","start":7464.623,"end":7465.009},{"text":"presiding","start":7465.044,"end":7465.616},{"text":"over","start":7465.651,"end":7465.755},{"text":"this","start":7465.755,"end":7465.998},{"text":"meeting.","start":7465.998,"end":7466.223}]},{"text":"And I thank Secretary-General Guterres, Secretary-General Dominguez, and Mr. Childs for their briefings.","start":7466.954,"end":7472.857,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7466.954,"end":7467.019},{"text":"I","start":7467.18,"end":7467.196},{"text":"thank","start":7467.196,"end":7467.39},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":7467.438,"end":7468.309},{"text":"Guterres,","start":7468.325,"end":7468.777},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":7468.954,"end":7469.744},{"text":"Dominguez,","start":7470.357,"end":7470.873},{"text":"and","start":7470.97,"end":7471.018},{"text":"Mr.","start":7471.018,"end":7471.244},{"text":"Childs","start":7471.308,"end":7471.841},{"text":"for","start":7472.018,"end":7472.115},{"text":"their","start":7472.115,"end":7472.276},{"text":"briefings.","start":7472.276,"end":7472.857}]},{"text":"Oceans are the cradle of life and connect the world, carrying more than 80% of global trade.","start":7474.636,"end":7480.662,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Oceans","start":7474.636,"end":7475.023},{"text":"are","start":7475.298,"end":7475.33},{"text":"the","start":7475.33,"end":7475.46},{"text":"cradle","start":7475.46,"end":7475.831},{"text":"of","start":7475.944,"end":7476.074},{"text":"life","start":7476.09,"end":7476.445},{"text":"and","start":7476.817,"end":7476.897},{"text":"connect","start":7476.914,"end":7477.495},{"text":"the","start":7477.544,"end":7477.608},{"text":"world,","start":7477.641,"end":7478.061},{"text":"carrying","start":7478.448,"end":7478.82},{"text":"more","start":7478.917,"end":7479.03},{"text":"than","start":7479.03,"end":7479.192},{"text":"80%","start":7479.321,"end":7479.515},{"text":"of","start":7479.595,"end":7480.048},{"text":"global","start":7480.048,"end":7480.371},{"text":"trade.","start":7480.371,"end":7480.662}]},{"text":"They have become the main arteries for the functioning of economies and human society.","start":7482.8,"end":7487.828,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7482.8,"end":7482.88},{"text":"have","start":7482.88,"end":7483.042},{"text":"become","start":7483.058,"end":7483.349},{"text":"the","start":7483.964,"end":7484.012},{"text":"main","start":7484.045,"end":7484.255},{"text":"arteries","start":7484.352,"end":7484.788},{"text":"for","start":7484.999,"end":7485.112},{"text":"the","start":7485.112,"end":7485.176},{"text":"functioning","start":7485.176,"end":7485.71},{"text":"of","start":7485.888,"end":7486.033},{"text":"economies","start":7486.324,"end":7486.842},{"text":"and","start":7486.874,"end":7486.923},{"text":"human","start":7486.955,"end":7487.198},{"text":"society.","start":7487.198,"end":7487.828}]},{"text":"To guarantee the safety and security of international shipping routes is crucial to to the stability of global production and supply chains and to people's livelihoods and well-being, serving the common interests of all nations.","start":7488.507,"end":7499.434,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":7591.985,"end":7593.159},{"text":"Despite","start":7597.164,"end":7597.825},{"text":"the","start":7597.841,"end":7597.921},{"text":"recently","start":7597.938,"end":7598.308},{"text":"concluded","start":7598.324,"end":7598.888},{"text":"ceasefire","start":7598.888,"end":7599.372},{"text":"arrangement,","start":7599.372,"end":7599.936},{"text":"the","start":7600.113,"end":7600.194},{"text":"US","start":7600.258,"end":7600.516},{"text":"has","start":7600.516,"end":7600.613},{"text":"stepped","start":7600.613,"end":7600.999},{"text":"up","start":7600.999,"end":7601.177},{"text":"its","start":7601.322,"end":7601.467},{"text":"military","start":7601.467,"end":7601.805},{"text":"deployment","start":7601.805,"end":7602.514},{"text":"and","start":7602.917,"end":7603.078},{"text":"imposed","start":7603.078,"end":7603.546},{"text":"targeted","start":7603.658,"end":7604.11},{"text":"blockade.","start":7604.206,"end":7604.674}]},{"text":"This is dangerous and irresponsible behavior.","start":7606.1,"end":7609.155,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7606.1,"end":7606.213},{"text":"is","start":7606.213,"end":7606.262},{"text":"dangerous","start":7606.376,"end":7606.928},{"text":"and","start":7607.335,"end":7607.497},{"text":"irresponsible","start":7607.757,"end":7608.618},{"text":"behavior.","start":7608.635,"end":7609.155}]},{"text":"The solution to ending the blockade in this strait is to achieve a comprehensive and lasting ceasefire as soon as possible.","start":7613.1,"end":7623.909,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7613.1,"end":7613.132},{"text":"solution","start":7613.132,"end":7613.743},{"text":"to","start":7616.577,"end":7616.802},{"text":"ending","start":7617.317,"end":7617.607},{"text":"the","start":7617.704,"end":7617.8},{"text":"blockade","start":7617.8,"end":7618.412},{"text":"in","start":7618.766,"end":7618.815},{"text":"this","start":7618.847,"end":7619.008},{"text":"strait","start":7619.008,"end":7619.475},{"text":"is","start":7619.909,"end":7620.022},{"text":"to","start":7620.054,"end":7620.215},{"text":"achieve","start":7620.215,"end":7620.747},{"text":"a","start":7621.181,"end":7621.262},{"text":"comprehensive","start":7621.262,"end":7621.954},{"text":"and","start":7621.986,"end":7622.051},{"text":"lasting","start":7622.067,"end":7622.421},{"text":"ceasefire","start":7622.453,"end":7622.875},{"text":"as","start":7622.875,"end":7622.962},{"text":"soon","start":7622.962,"end":7623.19},{"text":"as","start":7623.243,"end":7623.366},{"text":"possible.","start":7623.401,"end":7623.909}]},{"text":"So as to restore peace and stability in the Gulf region and the Middle East.","start":7624.92,"end":7629.491,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7624.92,"end":7625.112},{"text":"as","start":7625.128,"end":7625.192},{"text":"to","start":7625.224,"end":7625.321},{"text":"restore","start":7625.385,"end":7625.818},{"text":"peace","start":7626.187,"end":7626.428},{"text":"and","start":7626.428,"end":7626.492},{"text":"stability","start":7626.492,"end":7627.037},{"text":"in","start":7627.069,"end":7627.117},{"text":"the","start":7627.149,"end":7627.23},{"text":"Gulf","start":7627.23,"end":7627.534},{"text":"region","start":7627.534,"end":7627.919},{"text":"and","start":7628.497,"end":7628.641},{"text":"the","start":7628.834,"end":7628.914},{"text":"Middle","start":7628.914,"end":7629.138},{"text":"East.","start":7629.138,"end":7629.491}]},{"text":"China commends Pakistan and others for their role as mediators and urges relevant parties to resolve disputes and conflicts by political and diplomatic means.","start":7630.181,"end":7641.394,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":7630.181,"end":7630.694},{"text":"commends","start":7630.839,"end":7631.208},{"text":"Pakistan","start":7631.24,"end":7631.93},{"text":"and","start":7631.962,"end":7632.026},{"text":"others","start":7632.186,"end":7632.491},{"text":"for","start":7632.764,"end":7632.876},{"text":"their","start":7632.876,"end":7633.084},{"text":"role","start":7633.084,"end":7633.309},{"text":"as","start":7633.309,"end":7633.373},{"text":"mediators","start":7633.469,"end":7634.255},{"text":"and","start":7634.929,"end":7634.993},{"text":"urges","start":7635.09,"end":7635.378},{"text":"relevant","start":7635.475,"end":7635.731},{"text":"parties","start":7635.731,"end":7636.261},{"text":"to","start":7636.597,"end":7636.662},{"text":"resolve","start":7636.694,"end":7637.063},{"text":"disputes","start":7637.095,"end":7637.624},{"text":"and","start":7638.699,"end":7638.763},{"text":"conflicts","start":7638.779,"end":7639.405},{"text":"by","start":7639.741,"end":7639.822},{"text":"political","start":7639.822,"end":7640.287},{"text":"and","start":7640.287,"end":7640.383},{"text":"diplomatic","start":7640.383,"end":7641.025},{"text":"means.","start":7641.025,"end":7641.394}]},{"text":"China opposes any moves that could undermine the ceasefire and lead to escalation and confrontation.","start":7641.891,"end":7646.928,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":7641.891,"end":7642.115},{"text":"opposes","start":7642.131,"end":7642.565},{"text":"any","start":7642.693,"end":7642.869},{"text":"moves","start":7642.869,"end":7643.206},{"text":"that","start":7643.415,"end":7643.511},{"text":"could","start":7643.511,"end":7643.639},{"text":"undermine","start":7643.736,"end":7644.072},{"text":"the","start":7644.072,"end":7644.153},{"text":"ceasefire","start":7644.169,"end":7644.73},{"text":"and","start":7644.955,"end":7645.019},{"text":"lead","start":7645.035,"end":7645.195},{"text":"to","start":7645.195,"end":7645.34},{"text":"escalation","start":7645.356,"end":7645.949},{"text":"and","start":7645.997,"end":7646.061},{"text":"confrontation.","start":7646.061,"end":7646.928}]},{"text":"Guided by the spirit of the Four-Point Plan for Middle East Peace put forward by President Xi Jinping, namely upholding the principles of peaceful coexistence, national sovereignty, international rule of law, and a balanced approach to development and security, China will continue to play a constructive role in promoting regional peace and stability.","start":7647.505,"end":7669.725,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Guided","start":7647.505,"end":7647.922},{"text":"by","start":7647.922,"end":7648.002},{"text":"the","start":7648.002,"end":7648.163},{"text":"spirit","start":7648.163,"end":7648.644},{"text":"of","start":7649.029,"end":7649.093},{"text":"the","start":7649.286,"end":7649.414},{"text":"Four-Point","start":7649.43,"end":7649.991},{"text":"Plan","start":7649.991,"end":7650.248},{"text":"for","start":7650.248,"end":7650.537},{"text":"Middle","start":7650.729,"end":7650.97},{"text":"East","start":7650.97,"end":7651.178},{"text":"Peace","start":7651.211,"end":7651.499},{"text":"put","start":7651.676,"end":7651.822},{"text":"forward","start":7651.838,"end":7652.08},{"text":"by","start":7652.08,"end":7652.177},{"text":"President","start":7652.177,"end":7652.532},{"text":"Xi","start":7652.613,"end":7652.677},{"text":"Jinping,","start":7652.726,"end":7653.275},{"text":"namely","start":7653.711,"end":7654.082},{"text":"upholding","start":7654.179,"end":7654.583},{"text":"the","start":7654.599,"end":7654.744},{"text":"principles","start":7654.744,"end":7655.213},{"text":"of","start":7655.261,"end":7655.374},{"text":"peaceful","start":7655.406,"end":7655.745},{"text":"coexistence,","start":7655.794,"end":7656.601},{"text":"national","start":7657.102,"end":7657.441},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":7657.441,"end":7658.006},{"text":"international","start":7659.685,"end":7660.234},{"text":"rule","start":7660.234,"end":7660.363},{"text":"of","start":7660.396,"end":7660.46},{"text":"law,","start":7660.557,"end":7660.686},{"text":"and","start":7661.765,"end":7661.862},{"text":"a","start":7661.926,"end":7662.007},{"text":"balanced","start":7662.007,"end":7662.425},{"text":"approach","start":7662.425,"end":7662.893},{"text":"to","start":7663.086,"end":7663.231},{"text":"development","start":7663.231,"end":7663.714},{"text":"and","start":7663.714,"end":7663.795},{"text":"security,","start":7663.795,"end":7664.568},{"text":"China","start":7665.325,"end":7665.889},{"text":"will","start":7666.034,"end":7666.131},{"text":"continue","start":7666.131,"end":7666.534},{"text":"to","start":7666.534,"end":7666.662},{"text":"play","start":7666.695,"end":7666.84},{"text":"a","start":7666.84,"end":7666.936},{"text":"constructive","start":7666.936,"end":7667.5},{"text":"role","start":7667.5,"end":7667.806},{"text":"in","start":7667.806,"end":7667.887},{"text":"promoting","start":7667.887,"end":7668.354},{"text":"regional","start":7668.386,"end":7668.708},{"text":"peace","start":7668.708,"end":7669.047},{"text":"and","start":7669.047,"end":7669.16},{"text":"stability.","start":7669.16,"end":7669.725}]},{"text":"Second, we must firmly uphold the international rule of law.","start":7670.243,"end":7675.126,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":7670.243,"end":7670.728},{"text":"we","start":7672.491,"end":7672.523},{"text":"must","start":7672.523,"end":7672.879},{"text":"firmly","start":7672.911,"end":7673.267},{"text":"uphold","start":7673.38,"end":7673.849},{"text":"the","start":7673.962,"end":7674.027},{"text":"international","start":7674.027,"end":7674.593},{"text":"rule","start":7674.593,"end":7674.722},{"text":"of","start":7674.835,"end":7674.9},{"text":"law.","start":7674.997,"end":7675.126}]},{"text":"On clause together with relevant international treaties and customary international law, collectively form the foundation of today's international maritime order.","start":7676.291,"end":7686.805,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7676.291,"end":7676.355},{"text":"clause","start":7676.452,"end":7676.76},{"text":"together","start":7677.11,"end":7677.55},{"text":"with","start":7677.55,"end":7677.746},{"text":"relevant","start":7677.795,"end":7678.268},{"text":"international","start":7678.53,"end":7679.085},{"text":"treaties","start":7679.085,"end":7679.64},{"text":"and","start":7679.672,"end":7679.754},{"text":"customary","start":7679.754,"end":7680.309},{"text":"international","start":7680.39,"end":7680.929},{"text":"law,","start":7681.043,"end":7681.174},{"text":"collectively","start":7682.582,"end":7682.985},{"text":"form","start":7682.985,"end":7683.468},{"text":"the","start":7683.855,"end":7683.936},{"text":"foundation","start":7683.936,"end":7684.564},{"text":"of","start":7684.677,"end":7684.806},{"text":"today's","start":7684.838,"end":7685.241},{"text":"international","start":7685.306,"end":7685.805},{"text":"maritime","start":7685.805,"end":7686.305},{"text":"order.","start":7686.434,"end":7686.805}]},{"text":"All countries should interpret and apply the convention fully, accurately, and in good faith, and refrain from selective application and double standards.","start":7688.046,"end":7697.865,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":7688.046,"end":7688.142},{"text":"countries","start":7688.142,"end":7688.594},{"text":"should","start":7688.868,"end":7689.077},{"text":"interpret","start":7689.174,"end":7689.77},{"text":"and","start":7689.996,"end":7690.06},{"text":"apply","start":7690.157,"end":7690.512},{"text":"the","start":7690.641,"end":7690.77},{"text":"convention","start":7690.77,"end":7691.173},{"text":"fully,","start":7691.511,"end":7691.818},{"text":"accurately,","start":7691.995,"end":7692.495},{"text":"and","start":7692.64,"end":7692.721},{"text":"in","start":7692.801,"end":7692.866},{"text":"good","start":7692.898,"end":7693.108},{"text":"faith,","start":7693.14,"end":7693.511},{"text":"and","start":7694.333,"end":7694.414},{"text":"refrain","start":7694.495,"end":7694.882},{"text":"from","start":7694.914,"end":7695.059},{"text":"selective","start":7695.14,"end":7695.704},{"text":"application","start":7695.704,"end":7696.494},{"text":"and","start":7696.849,"end":7697.01},{"text":"double","start":7697.01,"end":7697.252},{"text":"standards.","start":7697.252,"end":7697.865}]},{"text":"Everyone should exercise the rights to freedom of navigation granted by international law in good faith, earnestly respect the sovereignty, security, and legitimate rights and interests of coastal states, and ensure the smooth flow of normal maritime trade and navigation.","start":7700.211,"end":7715.896,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Everyone","start":7700.211,"end":7700.558},{"text":"should","start":7700.558,"end":7700.855},{"text":"exercise","start":7700.971,"end":7701.433},{"text":"the","start":7701.466,"end":7701.631},{"text":"rights","start":7701.631,"end":7701.962},{"text":"to","start":7701.962,"end":7702.061},{"text":"freedom","start":7702.061,"end":7702.473},{"text":"of","start":7702.473,"end":7702.705},{"text":"navigation","start":7702.705,"end":7703.25},{"text":"granted","start":7703.72,"end":7704.056},{"text":"by","start":7704.056,"end":7704.217},{"text":"international","start":7704.217,"end":7704.778},{"text":"law","start":7704.778,"end":7704.907},{"text":"in","start":7705.099,"end":7705.163},{"text":"good","start":7705.195,"end":7705.404},{"text":"faith,","start":7705.5,"end":7705.725},{"text":"earnestly","start":7706.543,"end":7706.96},{"text":"respect","start":7706.96,"end":7707.441},{"text":"the","start":7707.682,"end":7707.778},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":7707.826,"end":7708.292},{"text":"security,","start":7708.34,"end":7708.965},{"text":"and","start":7709.046,"end":7709.11},{"text":"legitimate","start":7709.126,"end":7709.591},{"text":"rights","start":7709.591,"end":7709.832},{"text":"and","start":7709.832,"end":7709.928},{"text":"interests","start":7709.992,"end":7710.313},{"text":"of","start":7710.313,"end":7710.361},{"text":"coastal","start":7710.473,"end":7710.826},{"text":"states,","start":7710.826,"end":7711.308},{"text":"and","start":7711.998,"end":7712.142},{"text":"ensure","start":7712.238,"end":7712.575},{"text":"the","start":7712.575,"end":7712.671},{"text":"smooth","start":7712.671,"end":7713.088},{"text":"flow","start":7713.137,"end":7713.473},{"text":"of","start":7713.538,"end":7713.682},{"text":"normal","start":7713.714,"end":7714.115},{"text":"maritime","start":7714.115,"end":7714.612},{"text":"trade","start":7714.725,"end":7715.126},{"text":"and","start":7715.142,"end":7715.206},{"text":"navigation.","start":7715.222,"end":7715.896}]},{"text":"Third, we must combat maritime crime in accordance with the law.","start":7717.131,"end":7721.254,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. 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These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"Criminal","start":7735.33,"end":7735.491},{"text":"groups","start":7735.523,"end":7735.91},{"text":"and","start":7736.151,"end":7736.248},{"text":"terrorist","start":7736.248,"end":7736.715},{"text":"forces","start":7736.715,"end":7737.102},{"text":"are","start":7737.601,"end":7737.698},{"text":"increasingly","start":7737.698,"end":7738.23},{"text":"using","start":7738.327,"end":7738.617},{"text":"oceans","start":7738.826,"end":7739.197},{"text":"as","start":7739.632,"end":7739.68},{"text":"their","start":7739.728,"end":7739.873},{"text":"key","start":7739.873,"end":7740.18},{"text":"channels","start":7740.18,"end":7740.647},{"text":"for","start":7740.921,"end":7741.098},{"text":"illicit","start":7741.098,"end":7741.549},{"text":"activities","start":7741.549,"end":7742.097},{"text":"such","start":7742.145,"end":7742.452},{"text":"as","start":7742.452,"end":7742.5},{"text":"trafficking","start":7742.597,"end":7743.064},{"text":"of","start":7743.112,"end":7743.225},{"text":"drugs,","start":7743.322,"end":7743.628},{"text":"arms,","start":7744.047,"end":7744.274},{"text":"and","start":7744.306,"end":7744.468},{"text":"humans.","start":7744.468,"end":7744.92}]},{"text":"By observing the framework of international law, all countries should combat maritime crime in accordance with laws and regulations while respecting the flag state's exclusive jurisdiction over its own vessels.","start":7747.2,"end":7760.039,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":7747.2,"end":7747.362},{"text":"observing","start":7747.362,"end":7747.83},{"text":"the","start":7747.863,"end":7747.944},{"text":"framework","start":7748.008,"end":7748.606},{"text":"of","start":7748.671,"end":7748.8},{"text":"international","start":7748.897,"end":7749.463},{"text":"law,","start":7749.463,"end":7749.56},{"text":"all","start":7750.11,"end":7750.207},{"text":"countries","start":7750.207,"end":7750.579},{"text":"should","start":7750.837,"end":7751.144},{"text":"combat","start":7751.484,"end":7752.034},{"text":"maritime","start":7752.066,"end":7752.486},{"text":"crime","start":7752.551,"end":7752.955},{"text":"in","start":7752.955,"end":7753.036},{"text":"accordance","start":7753.052,"end":7753.505},{"text":"with","start":7753.505,"end":7753.602},{"text":"laws","start":7753.602,"end":7753.848},{"text":"and","start":7753.848,"end":7753.93},{"text":"regulations","start":7753.93,"end":7754.634},{"text":"while","start":7755.322,"end":7755.633},{"text":"respecting","start":7755.633,"end":7756.19},{"text":"the","start":7756.4,"end":7756.513},{"text":"flag","start":7756.513,"end":7756.82},{"text":"state's","start":7756.82,"end":7757.225},{"text":"exclusive","start":7757.419,"end":7758.114},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7758.13,"end":7758.745},{"text":"over","start":7758.923,"end":7759.085},{"text":"its","start":7759.101,"end":7759.279},{"text":"own","start":7759.408,"end":7759.473},{"text":"vessels.","start":7759.505,"end":7760.039}]},{"text":"At the same time, we need to actively support coastal states' economic development and improvement of lives, thereby eliminating the breeding ground of crime and turmoil.","start":7760.622,"end":7770.751,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":7760.622,"end":7760.654},{"text":"the","start":7760.654,"end":7760.8},{"text":"same","start":7760.8,"end":7761.01},{"text":"time,","start":7761.123,"end":7761.447},{"text":"we","start":7761.77,"end":7761.851},{"text":"need","start":7761.867,"end":7762.013},{"text":"to","start":7762.013,"end":7762.142},{"text":"actively","start":7762.239,"end":7762.579},{"text":"support","start":7762.579,"end":7763.21},{"text":"coastal","start":7763.631,"end":7764.019},{"text":"states'","start":7764.019,"end":7764.375},{"text":"economic","start":7764.375,"end":7764.844},{"text":"development","start":7764.844,"end":7765.572},{"text":"and","start":7765.817,"end":7765.883},{"text":"improvement","start":7765.964,"end":7766.552},{"text":"of","start":7766.552,"end":7766.7},{"text":"lives,","start":7766.7,"end":7767.092},{"text":"thereby","start":7767.598,"end":7767.941},{"text":"eliminating","start":7767.941,"end":7768.562},{"text":"the","start":7768.595,"end":7768.758},{"text":"breeding","start":7768.758,"end":7769.052},{"text":"ground","start":7769.15,"end":7769.428},{"text":"of","start":7769.428,"end":7769.542},{"text":"crime","start":7769.64,"end":7769.984},{"text":"and","start":7770.065,"end":7770.131},{"text":"turmoil.","start":7770.147,"end":7770.751}]},{"text":"Fourth, we need to consistently improve global governance.","start":7771.38,"end":7775.816,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Threats","start":7953.283,"end":7953.636},{"text":"to","start":7953.7,"end":7953.861},{"text":"maritime","start":7953.861,"end":7954.39},{"text":"security","start":7954.502,"end":7955.032},{"text":"are","start":7955.128,"end":7955.176},{"text":"multiplying","start":7955.224,"end":7956.155},{"text":"while","start":7956.347,"end":7956.604},{"text":"attacks","start":7956.652,"end":7957.133},{"text":"on","start":7957.133,"end":7957.198},{"text":"international","start":7957.294,"end":7958.128},{"text":"shipping","start":7958.176,"end":7958.722},{"text":"are","start":7959.219,"end":7959.315},{"text":"growing","start":7959.315,"end":7959.604},{"text":"not","start":7959.861,"end":7960.182},{"text":"only","start":7960.182,"end":7960.454},{"text":"more","start":7960.454,"end":7960.711},{"text":"frequent,","start":7960.759,"end":7961.321},{"text":"but","start":7961.545,"end":7961.658},{"text":"more","start":7961.722,"end":7961.898},{"text":"sophisticated","start":7961.898,"end":7963.085},{"text":"and","start":7963.166,"end":7963.23},{"text":"disruptive","start":7963.326,"end":7964.096},{"text":"in","start":7964.609,"end":7964.658},{"text":"their","start":7964.754,"end":7964.882},{"text":"impact.","start":7964.93,"end":7965.267}]},{"text":"Global shipping faces sharper, evolving, more complex threats than ever: piracy, terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, smuggling, and hybrid attacks targeting vessels and critical maritime infrastructure.","start":7966.036,"end":7983.166,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. 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Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Global","start":7966.036,"end":7966.581},{"text":"shipping","start":7966.998,"end":7967.366},{"text":"faces","start":7967.495,"end":7968.023},{"text":"sharper,","start":7968.2,"end":7968.68},{"text":"evolving,","start":7968.857,"end":7969.385},{"text":"more","start":7969.562,"end":7969.69},{"text":"complex","start":7969.818,"end":7970.459},{"text":"threats","start":7970.459,"end":7970.972},{"text":"than","start":7971.004,"end":7971.148},{"text":"ever:","start":7971.244,"end":7971.581},{"text":"piracy,","start":7972.302,"end":7972.911},{"text":"terrorism,","start":7973.087,"end":7973.808},{"text":"proliferation","start":7973.824,"end":7974.882},{"text":"of","start":7974.93,"end":7975.074},{"text":"weapons","start":7975.09,"end":7975.555},{"text":"of","start":7975.667,"end":7975.763},{"text":"mass","start":7975.811,"end":7976.1},{"text":"destruction,","start":7976.148,"end":7976.837},{"text":"smuggling,","start":7977.205,"end":7977.798},{"text":"and","start":7977.91,"end":7977.974},{"text":"hybrid","start":7978.07,"end":7978.695},{"text":"attacks","start":7978.695,"end":7979.256},{"text":"targeting","start":7979.593,"end":7980.122},{"text":"vessels","start":7980.298,"end":7980.762},{"text":"and","start":7980.875,"end":7980.939},{"text":"critical","start":7981.035,"end":7981.452},{"text":"maritime","start":7981.452,"end":7982.109},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":7982.173,"end":7983.166}]},{"text":"The crisis in the Strait of Hormuz underscored the fundamental importance of securing open, safe, and unimpeded passage.","start":7984.176,"end":7992.621,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7984.176,"end":7984.384},{"text":"crisis","start":7984.384,"end":7984.945},{"text":"in","start":7984.945,"end":7985.041},{"text":"the","start":7985.041,"end":7985.137},{"text":"Strait","start":7985.137,"end":7985.602},{"text":"of","start":7985.602,"end":7985.73},{"text":"Hormuz","start":7985.762,"end":7986.291},{"text":"underscored","start":7986.387,"end":7987.028},{"text":"the","start":7987.028,"end":7987.124},{"text":"fundamental","start":7987.124,"end":7988.069},{"text":"importance","start":7988.069,"end":7988.807},{"text":"of","start":7988.807,"end":7988.935},{"text":"securing","start":7988.983,"end":7989.576},{"text":"open,","start":7990.153,"end":7990.537},{"text":"safe,","start":7990.585,"end":7991.082},{"text":"and","start":7991.194,"end":7991.274},{"text":"unimpeded","start":7991.434,"end":7992.027},{"text":"passage.","start":7992.172,"end":7992.621}]},{"text":"Unjustified attacks on merchant vessels are clear violations of international law with far-reaching and destabilizing consequences for all.","start":7993.375,"end":8004.257,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Unjustified","start":7993.375,"end":7994.386},{"text":"attacks","start":7994.563,"end":7995.253},{"text":"on","start":7995.606,"end":7995.67},{"text":"merchant","start":7995.767,"end":7996.264},{"text":"vessels","start":7996.264,"end":7996.794},{"text":"are","start":7996.97,"end":7997.018},{"text":"clear","start":7997.131,"end":7997.42},{"text":"violations","start":7997.532,"end":7998.318},{"text":"of","start":7998.367,"end":7998.527},{"text":"international","start":7998.527,"end":7999.554},{"text":"law","start":7999.554,"end":7999.634},{"text":"with","start":8000.196,"end":8000.437},{"text":"far-reaching","start":8000.437,"end":8001.127},{"text":"and","start":8001.4,"end":8001.608},{"text":"destabilizing","start":8001.641,"end":8002.812},{"text":"consequences","start":8002.924,"end":8003.775},{"text":"for","start":8003.952,"end":8004.08},{"text":"all.","start":8004.192,"end":8004.257}]},{"text":"They disrupt global supply chains, threaten food and energy security, and carry profound consequences for the economic resilience for all our countries.","start":8005.332,"end":8016.855,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8005.332,"end":8005.573},{"text":"disrupt","start":8005.573,"end":8006.231},{"text":"global","start":8006.921,"end":8007.338},{"text":"supply","start":8007.338,"end":8007.771},{"text":"chains,","start":8007.964,"end":8008.429},{"text":"threaten","start":8008.606,"end":8008.975},{"text":"food","start":8009.087,"end":8009.36},{"text":"and","start":8009.424,"end":8009.585},{"text":"energy","start":8009.649,"end":8010.066},{"text":"security,","start":8010.066,"end":8010.837},{"text":"and","start":8011.19,"end":8011.254},{"text":"carry","start":8011.414,"end":8011.719},{"text":"profound","start":8011.751,"end":8012.281},{"text":"consequences","start":8012.377,"end":8013.164},{"text":"for","start":8013.26,"end":8013.388},{"text":"the","start":8013.437,"end":8013.485},{"text":"economic","start":8013.501,"end":8014.239},{"text":"resilience","start":8014.303,"end":8015.058},{"text":"for","start":8015.443,"end":8015.7},{"text":"all","start":8015.908,"end":8016.165},{"text":"our","start":8016.165,"end":8016.325},{"text":"countries.","start":8016.325,"end":8016.855}]},{"text":"They put seafarers directly in harm's way and lay bare the vulnerability of the system on which the global economy depends.","start":8017.706,"end":8027.116,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8017.706,"end":8017.786},{"text":"put","start":8018.011,"end":8018.219},{"text":"seafarers","start":8018.332,"end":8019.021},{"text":"directly","start":8019.293,"end":8019.854},{"text":"in","start":8019.854,"end":8019.902},{"text":"harm's","start":8019.999,"end":8020.479},{"text":"way","start":8020.496,"end":8020.688},{"text":"and","start":8021.217,"end":8021.281},{"text":"lay","start":8021.361,"end":8021.473},{"text":"bare","start":8021.698,"end":8021.89},{"text":"the","start":8022.034,"end":8022.163},{"text":"vulnerability","start":8022.163,"end":8023.269},{"text":"of","start":8023.461,"end":8023.605},{"text":"the","start":8023.605,"end":8023.701},{"text":"system","start":8023.701,"end":8024.31},{"text":"on","start":8024.663,"end":8024.791},{"text":"which","start":8024.823,"end":8025.016},{"text":"the","start":8025.128,"end":8025.304},{"text":"global","start":8025.304,"end":8025.721},{"text":"economy","start":8025.801,"end":8026.442},{"text":"depends.","start":8026.571,"end":8027.116}]},{"text":"Let us be clear: When maritime security is compromised, international peace and security is at risk.","start":8028.013,"end":8035.659,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":8028.013,"end":8028.206},{"text":"us","start":8028.206,"end":8028.35},{"text":"be","start":8028.414,"end":8028.51},{"text":"clear:","start":8028.51,"end":8029.071},{"text":"When","start":8029.552,"end":8029.825},{"text":"maritime","start":8029.857,"end":8030.402},{"text":"security","start":8030.498,"end":8031.043},{"text":"is","start":8031.091,"end":8031.203},{"text":"compromised,","start":8031.315,"end":8032.165},{"text":"international","start":8032.421,"end":8033.367},{"text":"peace","start":8033.399,"end":8033.64},{"text":"and","start":8033.64,"end":8033.72},{"text":"security","start":8033.72,"end":8034.521},{"text":"is","start":8034.762,"end":8034.922},{"text":"at","start":8034.922,"end":8035.114},{"text":"risk.","start":8035.146,"end":8035.659}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Greece is a leading maritime nation with a rich seafaring history and the largest merchant maritime fleet.","start":8036.605,"end":8046.127,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8036.605,"end":8036.91},{"text":"President,","start":8036.99,"end":8037.615},{"text":"Greece","start":8038.112,"end":8038.448},{"text":"is","start":8038.448,"end":8038.577},{"text":"a","start":8038.689,"end":8038.705},{"text":"leading","start":8038.705,"end":8039.138},{"text":"maritime","start":8039.57,"end":8040.099},{"text":"nation","start":8040.292,"end":8040.708},{"text":"with","start":8040.853,"end":8041.029},{"text":"a","start":8041.077,"end":8041.173},{"text":"rich","start":8041.173,"end":8041.542},{"text":"seafaring","start":8041.59,"end":8042.343},{"text":"history","start":8042.68,"end":8043.225},{"text":"and","start":8043.401,"end":8043.482},{"text":"the","start":8043.498,"end":8043.658},{"text":"largest","start":8043.658,"end":8044.283},{"text":"merchant","start":8044.283,"end":8044.924},{"text":"maritime","start":8044.924,"end":8045.485},{"text":"fleet.","start":8045.63,"end":8046.127}]},{"text":"Greek shipping accounts for over 20% of the global and 61% of the European Union fleet.","start":8046.85,"end":8053.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Greek","start":8046.85,"end":8047.187},{"text":"shipping","start":8047.332,"end":8047.717},{"text":"accounts","start":8047.813,"end":8048.311},{"text":"for","start":8048.311,"end":8048.536},{"text":"over","start":8048.536,"end":8048.937},{"text":"20%","start":8048.937,"end":8049.242},{"text":"of","start":8049.515,"end":8049.901},{"text":"the","start":8049.901,"end":8050.061},{"text":"global","start":8050.061,"end":8050.543},{"text":"and","start":8050.88,"end":8051.025},{"text":"61%","start":8051.025,"end":8051.715},{"text":"of","start":8051.843,"end":8051.972},{"text":"the","start":8052.004,"end":8052.148},{"text":"European","start":8052.148,"end":8052.614},{"text":"Union","start":8052.662,"end":8053.016},{"text":"fleet.","start":8053.128,"end":8053.69}]},{"text":"As an elected member of the Security Council, Greece is firmly committed to safeguarding maritime security, ensuring that international maritime routes stay open, secure, resilient under all circumstances.","start":8054.878,"end":8070.758,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8054.878,"end":8054.942},{"text":"an","start":8055.055,"end":8055.151},{"text":"elected","start":8055.215,"end":8055.665},{"text":"member","start":8055.842,"end":8056.227},{"text":"of","start":8056.243,"end":8056.307},{"text":"the","start":8056.339,"end":8056.436},{"text":"Security","start":8056.436,"end":8057.03},{"text":"Council,","start":8057.142,"end":8057.64},{"text":"Greece","start":8058.266,"end":8058.667},{"text":"is","start":8058.667,"end":8058.716},{"text":"firmly","start":8058.812,"end":8059.278},{"text":"committed","start":8059.294,"end":8059.775},{"text":"to","start":8059.775,"end":8059.84},{"text":"safeguarding","start":8059.872,"end":8060.642},{"text":"maritime","start":8060.755,"end":8061.269},{"text":"security,","start":8061.317,"end":8062.088},{"text":"ensuring","start":8062.746,"end":8063.211},{"text":"that","start":8063.388,"end":8063.629},{"text":"international","start":8063.629,"end":8064.496},{"text":"maritime","start":8064.512,"end":8065.219},{"text":"routes","start":8065.331,"end":8065.813},{"text":"stay","start":8065.813,"end":8066.086},{"text":"open,","start":8066.294,"end":8066.648},{"text":"secure,","start":8066.696,"end":8067.418},{"text":"resilient","start":8067.723,"end":8068.719},{"text":"under","start":8068.928,"end":8069.249},{"text":"all","start":8069.49,"end":8069.538},{"text":"circumstances.","start":8069.666,"end":8070.758}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation is not only a longstanding principle of international law, it is the backbone of global stability.","start":8071.576,"end":8079.765,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":8071.576,"end":8071.929},{"text":"of","start":8071.977,"end":8072.121},{"text":"navigation","start":8072.137,"end":8072.97},{"text":"is","start":8072.97,"end":8073.082},{"text":"not","start":8073.131,"end":8073.355},{"text":"only","start":8073.419,"end":8073.611},{"text":"a","start":8073.675,"end":8073.82},{"text":"longstanding","start":8073.82,"end":8074.525},{"text":"principle","start":8074.637,"end":8075.294},{"text":"of","start":8075.342,"end":8075.406},{"text":"international","start":8075.454,"end":8076.287},{"text":"law,","start":8076.384,"end":8076.48},{"text":"it","start":8076.977,"end":8077.185},{"text":"is","start":8077.185,"end":8077.249},{"text":"the","start":8077.345,"end":8077.425},{"text":"backbone","start":8077.521,"end":8078.21},{"text":"of","start":8078.323,"end":8078.419},{"text":"global","start":8078.547,"end":8078.883},{"text":"stability.","start":8078.883,"end":8079.765}]},{"text":"It must be upheld in full conformity with international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out.","start":8080.566,"end":8098.034,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8080.566,"end":8080.71},{"text":"must","start":8080.71,"end":8081.031},{"text":"be","start":8081.031,"end":8081.191},{"text":"upheld","start":8081.191,"end":8081.976},{"text":"in","start":8082.329,"end":8082.457},{"text":"full","start":8082.473,"end":8082.745},{"text":"conformity","start":8082.874,"end":8083.627},{"text":"with","start":8083.755,"end":8083.867},{"text":"international","start":8083.915,"end":8084.781},{"text":"law","start":8084.813,"end":8084.909},{"text":"as","start":8085.518,"end":8085.598},{"text":"reflected","start":8085.71,"end":8086.463},{"text":"in","start":8086.591,"end":8086.72},{"text":"the","start":8086.72,"end":8086.816},{"text":"United","start":8086.816,"end":8087.345},{"text":"Nations","start":8087.377,"end":8087.905},{"text":"Convention","start":8087.921,"end":8088.53},{"text":"on","start":8088.643,"end":8088.707},{"text":"the","start":8088.723,"end":8088.899},{"text":"Law","start":8088.899,"end":8088.979},{"text":"of","start":8089.123,"end":8089.187},{"text":"the","start":8089.236,"end":8089.364},{"text":"Sea,","start":8089.364,"end":8089.764},{"text":"which","start":8090.101,"end":8090.229},{"text":"sets","start":8090.277,"end":8090.726},{"text":"out","start":8090.726,"end":8091.142},{"text":"the","start":8091.207,"end":8091.367},{"text":"legal","start":8091.367,"end":8091.96},{"text":"framework","start":8092.264,"end":8093.081},{"text":"within","start":8093.29,"end":8093.674},{"text":"which","start":8094.171,"end":8094.412},{"text":"all","start":8094.412,"end":8094.524},{"text":"activities","start":8094.572,"end":8095.197},{"text":"in","start":8095.309,"end":8095.453},{"text":"the","start":8095.453,"end":8095.629},{"text":"oceans","start":8095.629,"end":8096.078},{"text":"and","start":8096.174,"end":8096.286},{"text":"seas","start":8096.286,"end":8096.559},{"text":"must","start":8096.735,"end":8097.04},{"text":"be","start":8096.96,"end":8097.072},{"text":"carried","start":8097.072,"end":8097.617},{"text":"out.","start":8097.617,"end":8098.034}]},{"text":"Its provisions reflect customary international law.","start":8098.755,"end":8102.346,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":8098.755,"end":8098.915},{"text":"provisions","start":8098.995,"end":8099.685},{"text":"reflect","start":8099.781,"end":8100.534},{"text":"customary","start":8100.583,"end":8101.208},{"text":"international","start":8101.24,"end":8102.122},{"text":"law.","start":8102.122,"end":8102.346}]},{"text":"In this context, the message is straightforward: transit should be safeguarded and should not be restricted or obstructed.","start":8102.987,"end":8111.227,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8102.987,"end":8103.035},{"text":"this","start":8103.067,"end":8103.324},{"text":"context,","start":8103.324,"end":8103.901},{"text":"the","start":8103.965,"end":8104.045},{"text":"message","start":8104.045,"end":8104.622},{"text":"is","start":8104.622,"end":8104.703},{"text":"straightforward:","start":8104.703,"end":8105.697},{"text":"transit","start":8106.274,"end":8107.027},{"text":"should","start":8107.236,"end":8107.364},{"text":"be","start":8107.492,"end":8107.588},{"text":"safeguarded","start":8107.588,"end":8108.47},{"text":"and","start":8108.534,"end":8108.694},{"text":"should","start":8108.694,"end":8108.871},{"text":"not","start":8108.935,"end":8109.223},{"text":"be","start":8109.239,"end":8109.4},{"text":"restricted","start":8109.4,"end":8110.073},{"text":"or","start":8110.281,"end":8110.33},{"text":"obstructed.","start":8110.458,"end":8111.227}]},{"text":"To this end, Greece contributes actively to collective efforts to enhance maritime security.","start":8111.997,"end":8118.522,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":8111.997,"end":8112.189},{"text":"this","start":8112.205,"end":8112.494},{"text":"end,","start":8112.526,"end":8112.75},{"text":"Greece","start":8113.183,"end":8113.6},{"text":"contributes","start":8113.744,"end":8114.418},{"text":"actively","start":8114.53,"end":8114.931},{"text":"to","start":8115.043,"end":8115.187},{"text":"collective","start":8115.187,"end":8115.844},{"text":"efforts","start":8115.973,"end":8116.47},{"text":"to","start":8116.47,"end":8116.566},{"text":"enhance","start":8116.566,"end":8117.143},{"text":"maritime","start":8117.175,"end":8117.72},{"text":"security.","start":8117.816,"end":8118.522}]},{"text":"We participate in EU Operation Atalanta and the EU Operation IRINI, and we play a leading role in the EU Operation ASPIDES in the Red Sea region.","start":8119.195,"end":8129.913,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8119.195,"end":8119.355},{"text":"participate","start":8119.419,"end":8120.541},{"text":"in","start":8120.541,"end":8120.622},{"text":"EU","start":8120.718,"end":8121.006},{"text":"Operation","start":8121.038,"end":8121.68},{"text":"Atalanta","start":8121.68,"end":8122.545},{"text":"and","start":8122.802,"end":8122.866},{"text":"the","start":8122.947,"end":8123.043},{"text":"EU","start":8123.043,"end":8123.3},{"text":"Operation","start":8123.3,"end":8123.894},{"text":"IRINI,","start":8123.99,"end":8124.375},{"text":"and","start":8124.568,"end":8124.728},{"text":"we","start":8124.728,"end":8124.825},{"text":"play","start":8124.969,"end":8125.162},{"text":"a","start":8125.226,"end":8125.354},{"text":"leading","start":8125.371,"end":8125.66},{"text":"role","start":8125.772,"end":8126.093},{"text":"in","start":8126.093,"end":8126.141},{"text":"the","start":8126.253,"end":8126.334},{"text":"EU","start":8126.334,"end":8126.671},{"text":"Operation","start":8126.735,"end":8127.313},{"text":"ASPIDES","start":8127.313,"end":8127.907},{"text":"in","start":8128.404,"end":8128.549},{"text":"the","start":8128.565,"end":8128.645},{"text":"Red","start":8128.645,"end":8128.95},{"text":"Sea","start":8128.998,"end":8129.384},{"text":"region.","start":8129.528,"end":8129.913}]},{"text":"Mr. President, no single actor can meet these challenges alone.","start":8130.909,"end":8136.254,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8130.909,"end":8131.166},{"text":"President,","start":8131.23,"end":8132.048},{"text":"no","start":8132.835,"end":8132.931},{"text":"single","start":8133.012,"end":8133.622},{"text":"actor","start":8133.622,"end":8134.135},{"text":"can","start":8134.424,"end":8134.617},{"text":"meet","start":8134.665,"end":8134.922},{"text":"these","start":8134.922,"end":8135.05},{"text":"challenges","start":8135.227,"end":8135.773},{"text":"alone.","start":8135.949,"end":8136.254}]},{"text":"Effective responses require strengthened international cooperation, coordination, and information sharing, building on existing initiatives by states and international organizations.","start":8137.169,"end":8149.979,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Effective","start":8137.169,"end":8137.795},{"text":"responses","start":8137.795,"end":8138.582},{"text":"require","start":8138.775,"end":8139.192},{"text":"strengthened","start":8139.192,"end":8139.962},{"text":"international","start":8139.962,"end":8140.733},{"text":"cooperation,","start":8140.781,"end":8141.552},{"text":"coordination,","start":8142.146,"end":8142.9},{"text":"and","start":8143.012,"end":8143.173},{"text":"information","start":8143.173,"end":8143.879},{"text":"sharing,","start":8143.927,"end":8144.409},{"text":"building","start":8144.794,"end":8145.147},{"text":"on","start":8145.26,"end":8145.324},{"text":"existing","start":8145.436,"end":8146.046},{"text":"initiatives","start":8146.159,"end":8146.929},{"text":"by","start":8147.282,"end":8147.395},{"text":"states","start":8147.443,"end":8148.005},{"text":"and","start":8148.085,"end":8148.229},{"text":"international","start":8148.229,"end":8149.048},{"text":"organizations.","start":8149.112,"end":8149.979}]},{"text":"The International Maritime Organization remains central to these efforts.","start":8151.455,"end":8156.281,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8151.455,"end":8151.503},{"text":"International","start":8151.519,"end":8152.337},{"text":"Maritime","start":8152.337,"end":8152.866},{"text":"Organization","start":8152.962,"end":8153.956},{"text":"remains","start":8154.405,"end":8154.79},{"text":"central","start":8154.822,"end":8155.367},{"text":"to","start":8155.367,"end":8155.415},{"text":"these","start":8155.463,"end":8155.672},{"text":"efforts.","start":8155.768,"end":8156.281}]},{"text":"We welcome the outcome of its extraordinary session of the 18th of March on the impact of recent developments on shipping and seafarers, and we join its call for an immediate end to attacks affecting innocent seafarers.","start":8156.746,"end":8173.551,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8156.746,"end":8156.907},{"text":"welcome","start":8156.971,"end":8157.388},{"text":"the","start":8157.388,"end":8157.516},{"text":"outcome","start":8157.612,"end":8157.917},{"text":"of","start":8158.029,"end":8158.205},{"text":"its","start":8158.205,"end":8158.382},{"text":"extraordinary","start":8158.43,"end":8159.328},{"text":"session","start":8159.328,"end":8159.889},{"text":"of","start":8159.953,"end":8160.082},{"text":"the","start":8160.178,"end":8160.338},{"text":"18th","start":8160.338,"end":8160.771},{"text":"of","start":8160.771,"end":8160.867},{"text":"March","start":8160.98,"end":8161.364},{"text":"on","start":8161.781,"end":8161.845},{"text":"the","start":8161.877,"end":8161.958},{"text":"impact","start":8161.958,"end":8162.439},{"text":"of","start":8162.439,"end":8162.567},{"text":"recent","start":8162.663,"end":8163.176},{"text":"developments","start":8163.176,"end":8164.106},{"text":"on","start":8164.106,"end":8164.331},{"text":"shipping","start":8164.363,"end":8164.812},{"text":"and","start":8164.86,"end":8164.94},{"text":"seafarers,","start":8164.94,"end":8165.694},{"text":"and","start":8166.127,"end":8166.191},{"text":"we","start":8166.271,"end":8166.48},{"text":"join","start":8166.512,"end":8166.897},{"text":"its","start":8167.009,"end":8167.313},{"text":"call","start":8167.329,"end":8167.474},{"text":"for","start":8167.955,"end":8168.115},{"text":"an","start":8168.115,"end":8168.227},{"text":"immediate","start":8168.227,"end":8168.821},{"text":"end","start":8169.077,"end":8169.222},{"text":"to","start":8169.59,"end":8169.703},{"text":"attacks","start":8170.216,"end":8170.761},{"text":"affecting","start":8170.761,"end":8171.226},{"text":"innocent","start":8171.402,"end":8172.284},{"text":"seafarers.","start":8172.798,"end":8173.551}]},{"text":"We also welcome the recent conference convened by France and the UK in Paris and the efforts to strengthen international cooperation to protect freedom of navigation and enhance protection of maritime waterways.","start":8174.449,"end":8189.597,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8174.449,"end":8174.545},{"text":"also","start":8174.609,"end":8174.914},{"text":"welcome","start":8175.01,"end":8175.395},{"text":"the","start":8175.507,"end":8175.652},{"text":"recent","start":8175.652,"end":8176.133},{"text":"conference","start":8176.149,"end":8176.79},{"text":"convened","start":8176.79,"end":8177.239},{"text":"by","start":8177.352,"end":8177.512},{"text":"France","start":8177.512,"end":8177.865},{"text":"and","start":8177.993,"end":8178.137},{"text":"the","start":8178.137,"end":8178.298},{"text":"UK","start":8178.314,"end":8178.747},{"text":"in","start":8178.859,"end":8178.923},{"text":"Paris","start":8179.035,"end":8179.612},{"text":"and","start":8179.981,"end":8180.158},{"text":"the","start":8180.158,"end":8180.27},{"text":"efforts","start":8180.318,"end":8180.815},{"text":"to","start":8180.879,"end":8181.008},{"text":"strengthen","start":8181.024,"end":8181.729},{"text":"international","start":8182.002,"end":8182.805},{"text":"cooperation","start":8182.885,"end":8183.656},{"text":"to","start":8183.688,"end":8183.768},{"text":"protect","start":8183.832,"end":8184.33},{"text":"freedom","start":8184.394,"end":8184.78},{"text":"of","start":8184.828,"end":8184.908},{"text":"navigation","start":8185.037,"end":8185.743},{"text":"and","start":8186.241,"end":8186.305},{"text":"enhance","start":8186.401,"end":8187.044},{"text":"protection","start":8187.365,"end":8187.895},{"text":"of","start":8188.007,"end":8188.152},{"text":"maritime","start":8188.168,"end":8188.794},{"text":"waterways.","start":8188.97,"end":8189.597}]},{"text":"Looking ahead, there is scope to further strengthen maritime domain awareness and information sharing at the global level.","start":8190.576,"end":8198.781,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Looking","start":8190.576,"end":8190.849},{"text":"ahead,","start":8190.913,"end":8191.283},{"text":"there","start":8192.037,"end":8192.262},{"text":"is","start":8192.262,"end":8192.294},{"text":"scope","start":8192.294,"end":8192.92},{"text":"to","start":8192.92,"end":8193.001},{"text":"further","start":8193.001,"end":8193.37},{"text":"strengthen","start":8193.402,"end":8193.98},{"text":"maritime","start":8193.98,"end":8194.494},{"text":"domain","start":8194.606,"end":8194.976},{"text":"awareness","start":8195.088,"end":8195.682},{"text":"and","start":8196.116,"end":8196.196},{"text":"information","start":8196.276,"end":8197.095},{"text":"sharing","start":8197.095,"end":8197.545},{"text":"at","start":8197.721,"end":8197.786},{"text":"the","start":8197.818,"end":8197.898},{"text":"global","start":8197.962,"end":8198.38},{"text":"level.","start":8198.38,"end":8198.781}]},{"text":"In this regard, Greece sees merit in exploring more structured and system-wide approaches within the United Nations building on existing efforts to enhance coordination and support member states in addressing maritime security threats.","start":8199.343,"end":8216.124,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8199.343,"end":8199.391},{"text":"this","start":8199.488,"end":8199.744},{"text":"regard,","start":8199.744,"end":8200.355},{"text":"Greece","start":8200.772,"end":8201.029},{"text":"sees","start":8201.029,"end":8201.318},{"text":"merit","start":8201.414,"end":8201.768},{"text":"in","start":8201.768,"end":8201.864},{"text":"exploring","start":8201.912,"end":8202.603},{"text":"more","start":8202.779,"end":8202.972},{"text":"structured","start":8202.972,"end":8203.759},{"text":"and","start":8203.759,"end":8203.919},{"text":"system-wide","start":8203.919,"end":8204.85},{"text":"approaches","start":8204.899,"end":8205.573},{"text":"within","start":8205.669,"end":8205.974},{"text":"the","start":8206.007,"end":8206.231},{"text":"United","start":8206.231,"end":8206.697},{"text":"Nations","start":8206.745,"end":8207.339},{"text":"building","start":8207.773,"end":8208.142},{"text":"on","start":8208.319,"end":8208.383},{"text":"existing","start":8208.496,"end":8209.026},{"text":"efforts","start":8209.122,"end":8209.62},{"text":"to","start":8209.62,"end":8209.764},{"text":"enhance","start":8209.764,"end":8210.086},{"text":"coordination","start":8210.343,"end":8211.194},{"text":"and","start":8211.226,"end":8211.322},{"text":"support","start":8211.322,"end":8211.933},{"text":"member","start":8211.933,"end":8212.27},{"text":"states","start":8212.27,"end":8212.768},{"text":"in","start":8212.768,"end":8212.864},{"text":"addressing","start":8212.977,"end":8213.442},{"text":"maritime","start":8213.876,"end":8214.406},{"text":"security","start":8214.502,"end":8215.289},{"text":"threats.","start":8215.643,"end":8216.124}]},{"text":"Emerging and new technologies, including artificial intelligence, can serve as force multipliers, provided that they are deployed in full respect of international law.","start":8216.606,"end":8228.17,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Emerging","start":8216.606,"end":8217.297},{"text":"and","start":8217.474,"end":8217.554},{"text":"new","start":8217.634,"end":8217.811},{"text":"technologies,","start":8217.811,"end":8218.582},{"text":"including","start":8218.758,"end":8219.304},{"text":"artificial","start":8219.401,"end":8220.172},{"text":"intelligence,","start":8220.22,"end":8221.087},{"text":"can","start":8221.103,"end":8221.264},{"text":"serve","start":8221.264,"end":8221.569},{"text":"as","start":8221.649,"end":8221.73},{"text":"force","start":8221.89,"end":8222.308},{"text":"multipliers,","start":8222.308,"end":8223.239},{"text":"provided","start":8223.753,"end":8224.364},{"text":"that","start":8224.396,"end":8224.605},{"text":"they","start":8224.637,"end":8224.862},{"text":"are","start":8224.942,"end":8225.038},{"text":"deployed","start":8225.038,"end":8225.584},{"text":"in","start":8225.584,"end":8225.745},{"text":"full","start":8225.745,"end":8226.146},{"text":"respect","start":8226.146,"end":8226.965},{"text":"of","start":8227.03,"end":8227.11},{"text":"international","start":8227.19,"end":8228.074},{"text":"law.","start":8228.074,"end":8228.17}]},{"text":"These technologies enhance monitoring, improve information sharing, and facilitate operational coordination.","start":8229.134,"end":8236.361,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8229.134,"end":8229.262},{"text":"technologies","start":8229.294,"end":8230.065},{"text":"enhance","start":8230.178,"end":8230.692},{"text":"monitoring,","start":8230.724,"end":8231.35},{"text":"improve","start":8231.543,"end":8231.992},{"text":"information","start":8232.105,"end":8232.94},{"text":"sharing,","start":8233.069,"end":8233.518},{"text":"and","start":8233.631,"end":8233.695},{"text":"facilitate","start":8233.775,"end":8234.691},{"text":"operational","start":8234.691,"end":8235.542},{"text":"coordination.","start":8235.558,"end":8236.361}]},{"text":"We stand ready to actively contribute to discussions and help chart a path towards developing collectively effective mechanisms to ensure that emerging technologies reinforce international peace, security, and human dignity.","start":8237.228,"end":8253.24,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8237.228,"end":8237.325},{"text":"stand","start":8237.325,"end":8237.71},{"text":"ready","start":8237.71,"end":8238.095},{"text":"to","start":8238.465,"end":8238.593},{"text":"actively","start":8238.593,"end":8239.059},{"text":"contribute","start":8239.155,"end":8239.701},{"text":"to","start":8239.734,"end":8239.814},{"text":"discussions","start":8239.814,"end":8240.713},{"text":"and","start":8241.083,"end":8241.163},{"text":"help","start":8241.243,"end":8241.58},{"text":"chart","start":8241.58,"end":8241.982},{"text":"a","start":8241.982,"end":8241.998},{"text":"path","start":8242.207,"end":8242.432},{"text":"towards","start":8242.544,"end":8242.913},{"text":"developing","start":8242.946,"end":8243.636},{"text":"collectively","start":8243.749,"end":8244.535},{"text":"effective","start":8244.535,"end":8245.162},{"text":"mechanisms","start":8245.419,"end":8246.045},{"text":"to","start":8246.8,"end":8246.88},{"text":"ensure","start":8246.88,"end":8247.394},{"text":"that","start":8247.426,"end":8247.603},{"text":"emerging","start":8247.603,"end":8248.053},{"text":"technologies","start":8248.165,"end":8248.936},{"text":"reinforce","start":8249.048,"end":8249.883},{"text":"international","start":8250.092,"end":8251.024},{"text":"peace,","start":8251.056,"end":8251.265},{"text":"security,","start":8251.377,"end":8251.987},{"text":"and","start":8252.019,"end":8252.18},{"text":"human","start":8252.18,"end":8252.549},{"text":"dignity.","start":8252.742,"end":8253.24}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Mr. President, maritime security is not a peripheral issue.","start":8254.107,"end":8259.198,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8254.107,"end":8254.155},{"text":"conclusion,","start":8254.187,"end":8254.75},{"text":"Mr.","start":8254.814,"end":8255.055},{"text":"President,","start":8255.135,"end":8255.874},{"text":"maritime","start":8256.356,"end":8256.934},{"text":"security","start":8256.934,"end":8257.448},{"text":"is","start":8257.48,"end":8257.608},{"text":"not","start":8257.624,"end":8257.865},{"text":"a","start":8257.865,"end":8257.962},{"text":"peripheral","start":8257.962,"end":8258.813},{"text":"issue.","start":8258.909,"end":8259.198}]},{"text":"It is a core component of international peace and security.","start":8259.648,"end":8263.197,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8259.648,"end":8259.744},{"text":"is","start":8259.808,"end":8259.857},{"text":"a","start":8259.953,"end":8260.049},{"text":"core","start":8260.049,"end":8260.338},{"text":"component","start":8260.354,"end":8261.157},{"text":"of","start":8261.174,"end":8261.238},{"text":"international","start":8261.318,"end":8262.185},{"text":"peace","start":8262.201,"end":8262.458},{"text":"and","start":8262.458,"end":8262.555},{"text":"security.","start":8262.555,"end":8263.197}]},{"text":"The Security Council cannot remain indifferent to developments that directly affect international peace and security, global trade, energy security, and economic stability, which have far-reaching repercussions for humanity as a whole.","start":8263.807,"end":8279.715,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8263.807,"end":8263.903},{"text":"Security","start":8263.903,"end":8264.401},{"text":"Council","start":8264.465,"end":8264.915},{"text":"cannot","start":8265.108,"end":8265.526},{"text":"remain","start":8265.574,"end":8265.992},{"text":"indifferent","start":8265.992,"end":8266.635},{"text":"to","start":8266.635,"end":8266.763},{"text":"developments","start":8266.779,"end":8267.679},{"text":"that","start":8267.679,"end":8267.856},{"text":"directly","start":8267.856,"end":8268.402},{"text":"affect","start":8268.402,"end":8269.045},{"text":"international","start":8269.35,"end":8270.138},{"text":"peace","start":8270.234,"end":8270.363},{"text":"and","start":8270.475,"end":8270.572},{"text":"security,","start":8270.572,"end":8271.295},{"text":"global","start":8271.439,"end":8271.905},{"text":"trade,","start":8271.953,"end":8272.468},{"text":"energy","start":8272.725,"end":8273.143},{"text":"security,","start":8273.143,"end":8273.785},{"text":"and","start":8273.801,"end":8273.962},{"text":"economic","start":8273.962,"end":8274.605},{"text":"stability,","start":8274.605,"end":8275.392},{"text":"which","start":8275.858,"end":8276.003},{"text":"have","start":8276.115,"end":8276.244},{"text":"far-reaching","start":8276.276,"end":8277.047},{"text":"repercussions","start":8277.079,"end":8277.931},{"text":"for","start":8278.285,"end":8278.445},{"text":"humanity","start":8278.445,"end":8279.056},{"text":"as","start":8279.249,"end":8279.297},{"text":"a","start":8279.474,"end":8279.554},{"text":"whole.","start":8279.554,"end":8279.715}]},{"text":"Greece remains committed to working with all partners to ensure that the seas remain open, secure, and governed by rules.","start":8280.598,"end":8288.938,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Greece","start":8280.598,"end":8280.823},{"text":"remains","start":8281.418,"end":8281.948},{"text":"committed","start":8281.98,"end":8282.479},{"text":"to","start":8282.479,"end":8282.559},{"text":"working","start":8282.687,"end":8282.993},{"text":"with","start":8283.025,"end":8283.25},{"text":"all","start":8283.25,"end":8283.298},{"text":"partners","start":8283.507,"end":8283.957},{"text":"to","start":8284.069,"end":8284.198},{"text":"ensure","start":8284.214,"end":8284.632},{"text":"that","start":8284.632,"end":8284.857},{"text":"the","start":8284.857,"end":8284.953},{"text":"seas","start":8284.953,"end":8285.242},{"text":"remain","start":8285.355,"end":8285.805},{"text":"open,","start":8285.982,"end":8286.287},{"text":"secure,","start":8286.785,"end":8287.299},{"text":"and","start":8287.588,"end":8287.669},{"text":"governed","start":8287.91,"end":8288.328},{"text":"by","start":8288.408,"end":8288.536},{"text":"rules.","start":8288.633,"end":8288.938}]},{"text":"Respect for international law is not optional, it is indispensable.","start":8289.518,"end":8294.177,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Respect","start":8289.518,"end":8290.08},{"text":"for","start":8290.08,"end":8290.208},{"text":"international","start":8290.241,"end":8291.012},{"text":"law","start":8291.205,"end":8291.301},{"text":"is","start":8291.703,"end":8291.751},{"text":"not","start":8291.847,"end":8292.04},{"text":"optional,","start":8292.104,"end":8292.651},{"text":"it","start":8292.747,"end":8292.924},{"text":"is","start":8292.972,"end":8293.036},{"text":"indispensable.","start":8293.293,"end":8294.177}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":8294.418,"end":8295.013,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8294.418,"end":8294.466},{"text":"thank","start":8294.659,"end":8294.916},{"text":"you.","start":8294.916,"end":8295.013}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GRC","affiliation_full":"Greece","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":8295.414,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=8296","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Greece for the statement.","start":8295.414,"end":8300.395,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8295.414,"end":8295.43},{"text":"thank","start":8295.8,"end":8296.427},{"text":"the","start":8296.748,"end":8296.877},{"text":"representative","start":8297.005,"end":8297.857},{"text":"of","start":8298.033,"end":8298.098},{"text":"Greece","start":8298.21,"end":8298.483},{"text":"for","start":8299.496,"end":8299.656},{"text":"the","start":8299.656,"end":8299.753},{"text":"statement.","start":8299.753,"end":8300.395}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Denmark.","start":8300.701,"end":8303.914,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8300.701,"end":8300.749},{"text":"now","start":8300.797,"end":8300.942},{"text":"give","start":8301.022,"end":8301.183},{"text":"the","start":8301.183,"end":8301.263},{"text":"floor","start":8301.279,"end":8301.761},{"text":"to","start":8301.97,"end":8302.034},{"text":"the","start":8302.066,"end":8302.307},{"text":"representative","start":8302.372,"end":8303.191},{"text":"of","start":8303.191,"end":8303.32},{"text":"Denmark.","start":8303.496,"end":8303.914}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":8304.3,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=8305","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr.","start":8304.3,"end":8304.669,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8304.3,"end":8304.428},{"text":"you,","start":8304.46,"end":8304.492},{"text":"Mr.","start":8304.509,"end":8304.669}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"President, and let me also thank the Secretary-General and the Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization, as well as Mr. Childs, for their insightful remarks.","start":8304.717,"end":8313.153,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":8304.717,"end":8305.264},{"text":"and","start":8305.344,"end":8305.424},{"text":"let","start":8305.44,"end":8305.601},{"text":"me","start":8305.601,"end":8305.746},{"text":"also","start":8305.762,"end":8305.955},{"text":"thank","start":8306.003,"end":8306.308},{"text":"the","start":8306.308,"end":8306.356},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":8306.405,"end":8307.079},{"text":"and","start":8307.288,"end":8307.353},{"text":"the","start":8307.369,"end":8307.449},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":8307.449,"end":8308.124},{"text":"of","start":8308.236,"end":8308.317},{"text":"the","start":8308.333,"end":8308.413},{"text":"International","start":8308.413,"end":8308.879},{"text":"Maritime","start":8308.959,"end":8309.345},{"text":"Organization,","start":8309.457,"end":8310.052},{"text":"as","start":8310.502,"end":8310.598},{"text":"well","start":8310.646,"end":8310.807},{"text":"as","start":8310.807,"end":8310.871},{"text":"Mr.","start":8310.903,"end":8311.08},{"text":"Childs,","start":8311.128,"end":8311.562},{"text":"for","start":8311.932,"end":8312.012},{"text":"their","start":8312.012,"end":8312.092},{"text":"insightful","start":8312.092,"end":8312.623},{"text":"remarks.","start":8312.655,"end":8313.153}]},{"text":"Peace and security do not end at our respective shorelines.","start":8314.117,"end":8317.458,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Peace","start":8314.117,"end":8314.422},{"text":"and","start":8314.438,"end":8314.503},{"text":"security","start":8314.519,"end":8315.049},{"text":"do","start":8315.241,"end":8315.385},{"text":"not","start":8315.385,"end":8315.755},{"text":"end","start":8316.028,"end":8316.205},{"text":"at","start":8316.205,"end":8316.349},{"text":"our","start":8316.349,"end":8316.446},{"text":"respective","start":8316.446,"end":8316.912},{"text":"shorelines.","start":8316.912,"end":8317.458}]},{"text":"Maritime security is not just a regional concern, but a global imperative underpinning international peace as well as economic development and stability.","start":8318.197,"end":8327.373,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":8318.197,"end":8318.599},{"text":"security","start":8318.599,"end":8319.145},{"text":"is","start":8319.435,"end":8319.547},{"text":"not","start":8319.643,"end":8319.804},{"text":"just","start":8319.901,"end":8320.093},{"text":"a","start":8320.142,"end":8320.158},{"text":"regional","start":8320.158,"end":8320.463},{"text":"concern,","start":8320.463,"end":8320.897},{"text":"but","start":8321.331,"end":8321.427},{"text":"a","start":8321.427,"end":8321.524},{"text":"global","start":8321.524,"end":8321.829},{"text":"imperative","start":8321.829,"end":8322.52},{"text":"underpinning","start":8322.938,"end":8323.387},{"text":"international","start":8323.436,"end":8323.966},{"text":"peace","start":8323.998,"end":8324.432},{"text":"as","start":8324.721,"end":8324.769},{"text":"well","start":8324.882,"end":8325.01},{"text":"as","start":8325.123,"end":8325.171},{"text":"economic","start":8325.268,"end":8325.942},{"text":"development","start":8326.007,"end":8326.585},{"text":"and","start":8326.73,"end":8326.794},{"text":"stability.","start":8326.826,"end":8327.373}]},{"text":"Foreign Minister Al Sayyani, Denmark therefore welcomes this open debate and thanks you and the Kingdom of Bahrain for maintaining the attention of the Security Council to this critical topic.","start":8328.321,"end":8337.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Foreign","start":8328.321,"end":8328.513},{"text":"Minister","start":8328.513,"end":8328.899},{"text":"Al","start":8328.963,"end":8328.995},{"text":"Sayyani,","start":8328.995,"end":8329.429},{"text":"Denmark","start":8329.863,"end":8330.169},{"text":"therefore","start":8330.169,"end":8330.442},{"text":"welcomes","start":8330.442,"end":8330.892},{"text":"this","start":8330.892,"end":8331.052},{"text":"open","start":8331.052,"end":8331.245},{"text":"debate","start":8331.245,"end":8331.679},{"text":"and","start":8331.952,"end":8332.016},{"text":"thanks","start":8332.097,"end":8332.418},{"text":"you","start":8332.418,"end":8332.482},{"text":"and","start":8332.997,"end":8333.061},{"text":"the","start":8333.077,"end":8333.157},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8333.157,"end":8333.447},{"text":"of","start":8333.495,"end":8333.575},{"text":"Bahrain","start":8333.639,"end":8334.009},{"text":"for","start":8334.346,"end":8334.427},{"text":"maintaining","start":8334.427,"end":8334.893},{"text":"the","start":8334.925,"end":8335.037},{"text":"attention","start":8335.069,"end":8335.439},{"text":"of","start":8335.487,"end":8335.568},{"text":"the","start":8335.568,"end":8335.712},{"text":"Security","start":8335.712,"end":8336.13},{"text":"Council","start":8336.13,"end":8336.596},{"text":"to","start":8336.853,"end":8336.998},{"text":"this","start":8336.998,"end":8337.11},{"text":"critical","start":8337.158,"end":8337.64},{"text":"topic.","start":8337.64,"end":8337.93}]},{"text":"Mr. President, in recent weeks, Much of this Council's attention has been dedicated to the worrying situation in the Strait of Hormuz.","start":8339.006,"end":8345.826,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Denmark","start":8346.628,"end":8346.965},{"text":"has","start":8346.965,"end":8347.093},{"text":"continuously","start":8347.206,"end":8347.927},{"text":"called","start":8347.927,"end":8348.296},{"text":"for","start":8348.328,"end":8348.472},{"text":"the","start":8348.472,"end":8348.553},{"text":"respect","start":8348.553,"end":8348.921},{"text":"for","start":8348.953,"end":8349.05},{"text":"freedom","start":8349.05,"end":8349.386},{"text":"of","start":8349.386,"end":8349.531},{"text":"navigation.","start":8349.531,"end":8350.06}]},{"text":"This is a cornerstone of international law and is enshrined in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":8350.733,"end":8356.186,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8350.733,"end":8350.894},{"text":"is","start":8350.894,"end":8351.022},{"text":"a","start":8351.054,"end":8351.07},{"text":"cornerstone","start":8351.134,"end":8351.744},{"text":"of","start":8351.792,"end":8351.872},{"text":"international","start":8351.936,"end":8352.497},{"text":"law","start":8352.497,"end":8352.61},{"text":"and","start":8353.219,"end":8353.283},{"text":"is","start":8353.379,"end":8353.427},{"text":"enshrined","start":8353.54,"end":8354.037},{"text":"in","start":8354.037,"end":8354.133},{"text":"the","start":8354.165,"end":8354.261},{"text":"UN","start":8354.261,"end":8354.47},{"text":"Convention","start":8354.566,"end":8355.111},{"text":"on","start":8355.448,"end":8355.48},{"text":"the","start":8355.48,"end":8355.608},{"text":"Law","start":8355.608,"end":8355.737},{"text":"of","start":8355.785,"end":8355.881},{"text":"the","start":8355.881,"end":8355.961},{"text":"Sea.","start":8355.961,"end":8356.186}]},{"text":"The denial of the right of transit passage in the Strait has had dramatic consequences across the globe.","start":8357.051,"end":8362.92,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8357.051,"end":8357.132},{"text":"denial","start":8357.132,"end":8357.565},{"text":"of","start":8357.629,"end":8357.677},{"text":"the","start":8357.709,"end":8357.805},{"text":"right","start":8357.805,"end":8358.046},{"text":"of","start":8358.046,"end":8358.094},{"text":"transit","start":8358.11,"end":8358.511},{"text":"passage","start":8358.511,"end":8358.912},{"text":"in","start":8358.912,"end":8358.96},{"text":"the","start":8359.056,"end":8359.104},{"text":"Strait","start":8359.136,"end":8359.489},{"text":"has","start":8359.794,"end":8359.97},{"text":"had","start":8360.018,"end":8360.323},{"text":"dramatic","start":8360.435,"end":8360.916},{"text":"consequences","start":8360.916,"end":8361.606},{"text":"across","start":8362.022,"end":8362.439},{"text":"the","start":8362.439,"end":8362.584},{"text":"globe.","start":8362.584,"end":8362.92}]},{"text":"In concrete terms, seafarers have been left stranded on vessels for weeks.","start":8363.562,"end":8367.731,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8363.562,"end":8363.61},{"text":"concrete","start":8363.706,"end":8364.107},{"text":"terms,","start":8364.107,"end":8364.492},{"text":"seafarers","start":8365.021,"end":8365.615},{"text":"have","start":8365.711,"end":8365.855},{"text":"been","start":8365.887,"end":8366.112},{"text":"left","start":8366.112,"end":8366.288},{"text":"stranded","start":8366.288,"end":8366.737},{"text":"on","start":8366.913,"end":8366.978},{"text":"vessels","start":8367.01,"end":8367.378},{"text":"for","start":8367.411,"end":8367.571},{"text":"weeks.","start":8367.635,"end":8367.731}]},{"text":"Regional countries have been unable to exercise their unimpeded right to access the high seas, essential for trade that sustains their daily lives.","start":8368.678,"end":8376.844,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Regional","start":8368.678,"end":8369.015},{"text":"countries","start":8369.015,"end":8369.416},{"text":"have","start":8369.416,"end":8369.56},{"text":"been","start":8369.576,"end":8369.785},{"text":"unable","start":8370.041,"end":8370.362},{"text":"to","start":8370.378,"end":8370.523},{"text":"exercise","start":8370.539,"end":8370.988},{"text":"their","start":8371.325,"end":8371.421},{"text":"unimpeded","start":8371.566,"end":8372.143},{"text":"right","start":8372.143,"end":8372.512},{"text":"to","start":8372.608,"end":8372.705},{"text":"access","start":8372.705,"end":8373.09},{"text":"the","start":8373.09,"end":8373.138},{"text":"high","start":8373.17,"end":8373.362},{"text":"seas,","start":8373.362,"end":8373.715},{"text":"essential","start":8374.149,"end":8374.566},{"text":"for","start":8374.566,"end":8374.71},{"text":"trade","start":8374.71,"end":8375.079},{"text":"that","start":8375.432,"end":8375.576},{"text":"sustains","start":8375.576,"end":8376.042},{"text":"their","start":8376.074,"end":8376.218},{"text":"daily","start":8376.218,"end":8376.475},{"text":"lives.","start":8376.475,"end":8376.844}]},{"text":"The poorest across the globe have been hit hardest, now facing a sharp increase in energy costs and lacking access to critical fertilizers, making food insecurity a very real and imminent threat.","start":8377.502,"end":8390.465,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8377.502,"end":8377.662},{"text":"poorest","start":8377.662,"end":8378.015},{"text":"across","start":8378.063,"end":8378.288},{"text":"the","start":8378.384,"end":8378.48},{"text":"globe","start":8378.48,"end":8378.801},{"text":"have","start":8378.865,"end":8379.732},{"text":"been","start":8379.748,"end":8379.828},{"text":"hit","start":8379.908,"end":8380.133},{"text":"hardest,","start":8380.389,"end":8380.935},{"text":"now","start":8381.368,"end":8381.545},{"text":"facing","start":8381.545,"end":8381.978},{"text":"a","start":8382.01,"end":8382.026},{"text":"sharp","start":8382.09,"end":8382.427},{"text":"increase","start":8382.427,"end":8382.812},{"text":"in","start":8382.812,"end":8382.86},{"text":"energy","start":8382.972,"end":8383.261},{"text":"costs","start":8383.277,"end":8383.791},{"text":"and","start":8384.24,"end":8384.32},{"text":"lacking","start":8384.4,"end":8384.689},{"text":"access","start":8384.817,"end":8385.219},{"text":"to","start":8385.219,"end":8385.347},{"text":"critical","start":8385.379,"end":8385.732},{"text":"fertilizers,","start":8385.78,"end":8386.47},{"text":"making","start":8386.967,"end":8387.272},{"text":"food","start":8387.368,"end":8387.689},{"text":"insecurity","start":8387.705,"end":8388.315},{"text":"a","start":8388.347,"end":8388.427},{"text":"very","start":8388.491,"end":8388.636},{"text":"real","start":8388.748,"end":8389.101},{"text":"and","start":8389.47,"end":8389.534},{"text":"imminent","start":8389.695,"end":8390.208},{"text":"threat.","start":8390.256,"end":8390.465}]},{"text":"In light of this, Denmark welcomed and joined the French-British initiative for an international summit of the Strait of Hormuz on 17 April.","start":8391.315,"end":8399.984,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8391.315,"end":8391.363},{"text":"light","start":8391.476,"end":8391.716},{"text":"of","start":8391.716,"end":8391.861},{"text":"this,","start":8391.861,"end":8392.005},{"text":"Denmark","start":8392.663,"end":8393.064},{"text":"welcomed","start":8393.144,"end":8393.609},{"text":"and","start":8393.786,"end":8393.946},{"text":"joined","start":8393.946,"end":8394.332},{"text":"the","start":8394.669,"end":8394.749},{"text":"French-British","start":8394.749,"end":8395.408},{"text":"initiative","start":8395.488,"end":8396.146},{"text":"for","start":8396.596,"end":8396.676},{"text":"an","start":8396.676,"end":8396.724},{"text":"international","start":8396.772,"end":8397.254},{"text":"summit","start":8397.254,"end":8397.639},{"text":"of","start":8397.639,"end":8397.688},{"text":"the","start":8397.736,"end":8397.816},{"text":"Strait","start":8397.816,"end":8398.137},{"text":"of","start":8398.137,"end":8398.266},{"text":"Hormuz","start":8398.298,"end":8398.587},{"text":"on","start":8398.94,"end":8398.988},{"text":"17","start":8399.085,"end":8399.647},{"text":"April.","start":8399.647,"end":8399.984}]},{"text":"We reconfirm our readiness to support transit passage through the Strait of Hormuz by strictly defensive multinational mission to protect merchant vessels, reassure commercial shipping operations— operators, sorry— and conduct mine-clearing operations as soon as conditions permit following a sustainable ceasefire agreement.","start":8400.546,"end":8421.952,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8400.546,"end":8400.706},{"text":"reconfirm","start":8400.77,"end":8401.509},{"text":"our","start":8401.573,"end":8401.654},{"text":"readiness","start":8401.654,"end":8402.248},{"text":"to","start":8402.537,"end":8402.649},{"text":"support","start":8402.649,"end":8403.115},{"text":"transit","start":8403.115,"end":8403.564},{"text":"passage","start":8403.596,"end":8403.966},{"text":"through","start":8404.383,"end":8404.56},{"text":"the","start":8404.56,"end":8404.656},{"text":"Strait","start":8404.656,"end":8404.897},{"text":"of","start":8404.897,"end":8405.009},{"text":"Hormuz","start":8405.042,"end":8405.331},{"text":"by","start":8405.828,"end":8405.925},{"text":"strictly","start":8405.925,"end":8406.471},{"text":"defensive","start":8406.503,"end":8407.016},{"text":"multinational","start":8407.049,"end":8407.707},{"text":"mission","start":8407.707,"end":8408.06},{"text":"to","start":8408.558,"end":8408.622},{"text":"protect","start":8408.654,"end":8409.264},{"text":"merchant","start":8409.297,"end":8409.762},{"text":"vessels,","start":8409.762,"end":8410.148},{"text":"reassure","start":8410.822,"end":8411.255},{"text":"commercial","start":8411.368,"end":8411.753},{"text":"shipping","start":8411.785,"end":8412.09},{"text":"operations—","start":8412.171,"end":8412.717},{"text":"operators,","start":8413.455,"end":8413.921},{"text":"sorry—","start":8413.953,"end":8414.162},{"text":"and","start":8414.74,"end":8414.965},{"text":"conduct","start":8415.157,"end":8415.623},{"text":"mine-clearing","start":8415.623,"end":8416.233},{"text":"operations","start":8416.522,"end":8417.212},{"text":"as","start":8417.405,"end":8417.534},{"text":"soon","start":8417.566,"end":8417.887},{"text":"as","start":8417.887,"end":8417.935},{"text":"conditions","start":8418.031,"end":8418.497},{"text":"permit","start":8418.529,"end":8419.139},{"text":"following","start":8419.252,"end":8419.626},{"text":"a","start":8419.821,"end":8419.837},{"text":"sustainable","start":8419.837,"end":8420.488},{"text":"ceasefire","start":8420.488,"end":8421.22},{"text":"agreement.","start":8421.448,"end":8421.952}]},{"text":"Mr. President, in a broader perspective, Denmark's approach to maritime security has been consistent for decades.","start":8423.562,"end":8430.323,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8423.562,"end":8423.757},{"text":"President,","start":8423.806,"end":8424.294},{"text":"in","start":8424.521,"end":8424.603},{"text":"a","start":8424.603,"end":8424.684},{"text":"broader","start":8424.684,"end":8425.009},{"text":"perspective,","start":8425.009,"end":8425.351},{"text":"Denmark's","start":8426.2,"end":8426.474},{"text":"approach","start":8426.474,"end":8426.846},{"text":"to","start":8427.105,"end":8427.202},{"text":"maritime","start":8427.202,"end":8427.639},{"text":"security","start":8427.671,"end":8428.189},{"text":"has","start":8428.48,"end":8428.625},{"text":"been","start":8428.658,"end":8428.787},{"text":"consistent","start":8429.046,"end":8429.677},{"text":"for","start":8429.693,"end":8429.854},{"text":"decades.","start":8429.871,"end":8430.323}]},{"text":"We were among the first nations in the 1950s that recognized the need for a binding framework for all ocean activities, and were among the first to sign the later and final UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":8431.003,"end":8443.553,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8431.003,"end":8431.084},{"text":"were","start":8431.084,"end":8431.245},{"text":"among","start":8431.245,"end":8431.456},{"text":"the","start":8431.553,"end":8431.633},{"text":"first","start":8431.633,"end":8431.973},{"text":"nations","start":8431.973,"end":8432.426},{"text":"in","start":8432.458,"end":8432.539},{"text":"the","start":8432.539,"end":8432.588},{"text":"1950s","start":8432.588,"end":8433.364},{"text":"that","start":8433.914,"end":8434.043},{"text":"recognized","start":8434.14,"end":8434.706},{"text":"the","start":8434.706,"end":8434.755},{"text":"need","start":8434.787,"end":8435.094},{"text":"for","start":8435.111,"end":8435.208},{"text":"a","start":8435.208,"end":8435.272},{"text":"binding","start":8435.288,"end":8435.58},{"text":"framework","start":8435.58,"end":8436.017},{"text":"for","start":8436.017,"end":8436.195},{"text":"all","start":8436.325,"end":8436.374},{"text":"ocean","start":8436.487,"end":8436.941},{"text":"activities,","start":8437.071,"end":8437.605},{"text":"and","start":8438.205,"end":8438.335},{"text":"were","start":8438.367,"end":8438.529},{"text":"among","start":8438.529,"end":8438.74},{"text":"the","start":8438.837,"end":8438.918},{"text":"first","start":8438.918,"end":8439.242},{"text":"to","start":8439.242,"end":8439.388},{"text":"sign","start":8439.404,"end":8439.631},{"text":"the","start":8439.664,"end":8439.809},{"text":"later","start":8439.809,"end":8440.215},{"text":"and","start":8440.555,"end":8440.62},{"text":"final","start":8440.636,"end":8441.009},{"text":"UN","start":8441.446,"end":8441.689},{"text":"Convention","start":8441.689,"end":8442.143},{"text":"on","start":8442.403,"end":8442.451},{"text":"the","start":8442.5,"end":8442.646},{"text":"Law","start":8442.646,"end":8442.759},{"text":"of","start":8443.148,"end":8443.245},{"text":"the","start":8443.245,"end":8443.375},{"text":"Sea.","start":8443.375,"end":8443.553}]},{"text":"We did so because we believed that maritime security begins with legal clarity.","start":8444.428,"end":8448.594,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8444.428,"end":8444.526},{"text":"did","start":8444.59,"end":8444.736},{"text":"so","start":8444.753,"end":8445.077},{"text":"because","start":8445.252,"end":8445.557},{"text":"we","start":8445.557,"end":8445.654},{"text":"believed","start":8445.654,"end":8445.991},{"text":"that","start":8446.039,"end":8446.152},{"text":"maritime","start":8446.216,"end":8446.682},{"text":"security","start":8446.682,"end":8447.228},{"text":"begins","start":8447.26,"end":8447.55},{"text":"with","start":8447.582,"end":8447.791},{"text":"legal","start":8447.807,"end":8448.128},{"text":"clarity.","start":8448.128,"end":8448.594}]},{"text":"That belief remains just as firm today.","start":8449.269,"end":8452.402,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":8449.269,"end":8449.51},{"text":"belief","start":8449.51,"end":8449.799},{"text":"remains","start":8450.619,"end":8450.924},{"text":"just","start":8451.277,"end":8451.47},{"text":"as","start":8451.518,"end":8451.566},{"text":"firm","start":8451.663,"end":8451.872},{"text":"today.","start":8452.161,"end":8452.402}]},{"text":"Respect for international law must remain our compass at sea, also in stormy waters.","start":8453.446,"end":8458.717,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Respect","start":8453.446,"end":8453.848},{"text":"for","start":8453.848,"end":8453.993},{"text":"international","start":8453.993,"end":8454.475},{"text":"law","start":8454.555,"end":8454.684},{"text":"must","start":8455.198,"end":8455.599},{"text":"remain","start":8455.599,"end":8455.824},{"text":"our","start":8456.001,"end":8456.098},{"text":"compass","start":8456.098,"end":8456.515},{"text":"at","start":8456.515,"end":8456.58},{"text":"sea,","start":8456.58,"end":8456.917},{"text":"also","start":8457.528,"end":8457.72},{"text":"in","start":8457.769,"end":8457.817},{"text":"stormy","start":8457.865,"end":8458.283},{"text":"waters.","start":8458.331,"end":8458.717}]},{"text":"In this context, UNCLOS remains the relevant legal framework that must be respected, implemented, and defended.","start":8459.456,"end":8466.509,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8459.456,"end":8459.504},{"text":"this","start":8459.552,"end":8459.777},{"text":"context,","start":8459.777,"end":8460.355},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":8460.677,"end":8461.046},{"text":"remains","start":8461.239,"end":8461.528},{"text":"the","start":8461.641,"end":8461.785},{"text":"relevant","start":8461.801,"end":8462.219},{"text":"legal","start":8462.267,"end":8462.508},{"text":"framework","start":8462.525,"end":8463.167},{"text":"that","start":8463.312,"end":8463.424},{"text":"must","start":8463.473,"end":8463.73},{"text":"be","start":8463.73,"end":8463.874},{"text":"respected,","start":8463.89,"end":8464.501},{"text":"implemented,","start":8464.854,"end":8465.465},{"text":"and","start":8465.883,"end":8465.963},{"text":"defended.","start":8465.963,"end":8466.509}]},{"text":"Mr. President, as we've heard this morning, we also need to recognize and respond to emerging complex and growing maritime security threats.","start":8467.987,"end":8476.253,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8467.987,"end":8468.148},{"text":"President,","start":8468.196,"end":8468.582},{"text":"as","start":8468.791,"end":8468.919},{"text":"we've","start":8468.952,"end":8469.112},{"text":"heard","start":8469.112,"end":8469.273},{"text":"this","start":8469.273,"end":8469.417},{"text":"morning,","start":8469.434,"end":8469.723},{"text":"we","start":8469.996,"end":8470.076},{"text":"also","start":8470.141,"end":8470.333},{"text":"need","start":8470.333,"end":8470.478},{"text":"to","start":8470.478,"end":8470.606},{"text":"recognize","start":8470.639,"end":8471.249},{"text":"and","start":8471.522,"end":8471.586},{"text":"respond","start":8471.666,"end":8472.067},{"text":"to","start":8472.067,"end":8472.26},{"text":"emerging","start":8472.709,"end":8473.094},{"text":"complex","start":8473.527,"end":8474.088},{"text":"and","start":8474.232,"end":8474.328},{"text":"growing","start":8474.393,"end":8474.697},{"text":"maritime","start":8474.89,"end":8475.371},{"text":"security","start":8475.371,"end":8475.852},{"text":"threats.","start":8475.852,"end":8476.253}]},{"text":"Denmark is particularly concerned by the risk that shadow fleets pose, that both in our immediate neighborhood, the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, as well as elsewhere in the world, circumventing international sanctions.","start":8477.295,"end":8488.649,"topics":[{"key":"shadow-fleet","label":"Shadow Fleets and Sanctions Evasion","description":"Some delegations focused on the use of opaque, poorly maintained vessels to evade sanctions and operate outside normal oversight. This was framed as a maritime security, safety, environmental, and regulatory challenge, though views differed on how it should be characterized."}],"words":[{"text":"Denmark","start":8477.295,"end":8477.552},{"text":"is","start":8477.552,"end":8477.664},{"text":"particularly","start":8477.696,"end":8478.145},{"text":"concerned","start":8478.161,"end":8478.578},{"text":"by","start":8478.578,"end":8478.658},{"text":"the","start":8478.658,"end":8478.819},{"text":"risk","start":8478.819,"end":8479.059},{"text":"that","start":8479.075,"end":8479.284},{"text":"shadow","start":8479.284,"end":8479.62},{"text":"fleets","start":8479.62,"end":8479.909},{"text":"pose,","start":8480.486,"end":8480.711},{"text":"that","start":8480.743,"end":8480.903},{"text":"both","start":8480.903,"end":8481.144},{"text":"in","start":8481.144,"end":8481.192},{"text":"our","start":8481.288,"end":8481.385},{"text":"immediate","start":8481.385,"end":8481.801},{"text":"neighborhood,","start":8481.801,"end":8482.283},{"text":"the","start":8482.587,"end":8482.667},{"text":"Baltic","start":8482.732,"end":8483.068},{"text":"Sea","start":8483.068,"end":8483.341},{"text":"and","start":8483.389,"end":8483.453},{"text":"the","start":8483.469,"end":8483.565},{"text":"North","start":8483.565,"end":8483.806},{"text":"Sea,","start":8483.806,"end":8484.127},{"text":"as","start":8484.592,"end":8484.64},{"text":"well","start":8484.752,"end":8484.881},{"text":"as","start":8485.073,"end":8485.121},{"text":"elsewhere","start":8485.297,"end":8485.634},{"text":"in","start":8485.634,"end":8485.714},{"text":"the","start":8485.714,"end":8485.795},{"text":"world,","start":8485.795,"end":8486.083},{"text":"circumventing","start":8486.42,"end":8487.286},{"text":"international","start":8487.559,"end":8488.12},{"text":"sanctions.","start":8488.12,"end":8488.649}]},{"text":"These old, poorly maintained and insufficiently insured vessels are huge risks to seafarers, maritime security and navigation, the environment and coastal communities.","start":8489.387,"end":8499.793,"topics":[{"key":"shadow-fleet","label":"Shadow Fleets and Sanctions Evasion","description":"Some delegations focused on the use of opaque, poorly maintained vessels to evade sanctions and operate outside normal oversight. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Recurring","start":8532.51,"end":8532.751},{"text":"incidents","start":8532.864,"end":8533.298},{"text":"on","start":8533.572,"end":8533.669},{"text":"underwater","start":8533.749,"end":8534.393},{"text":"cables","start":8534.393,"end":8534.844},{"text":"and","start":8534.957,"end":8535.021},{"text":"pipelines,","start":8535.102,"end":8535.649},{"text":"often","start":8536.31,"end":8536.599},{"text":"by","start":8536.648,"end":8536.841},{"text":"flagless","start":8537.195,"end":8537.71},{"text":"vessels","start":8537.855,"end":8538.226},{"text":"or","start":8538.564,"end":8538.644},{"text":"clandestine","start":8538.644,"end":8539.321},{"text":"actors,","start":8539.449,"end":8540.238},{"text":"have","start":8541.059,"end":8541.301},{"text":"undermined","start":8541.301,"end":8541.736},{"text":"the","start":8541.784,"end":8541.816},{"text":"need","start":8541.816,"end":8542.01},{"text":"for","start":8542.01,"end":8542.205},{"text":"collective","start":8542.205,"end":8542.709},{"text":"response","start":8542.758,"end":8543.214},{"text":"to","start":8543.572,"end":8543.734},{"text":"enhance","start":8543.734,"end":8544.108},{"text":"the","start":8544.125,"end":8544.174},{"text":"protection","start":8544.174,"end":8544.678},{"text":"of","start":8545.068,"end":8545.15},{"text":"this","start":8545.199,"end":8545.313},{"text":"essential","start":8545.378,"end":8545.85},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":8546.028,"end":8546.614}]},{"text":"Mr. President, in closing, Recent events have demonstrated clearly that the challenges we face at sea transcend national borders and demand a coordinated response and sustained attention from this Council.","start":8547.903,"end":8559.363,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. 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grateful for the convening of this open debate at a time that calls for clarity, responsibility, and steadfastness.","start":8617.625,"end":8625.101,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":8617.625,"end":8617.754},{"text":"grateful","start":8617.786,"end":8618.187},{"text":"for","start":8618.187,"end":8618.363},{"text":"the","start":8618.363,"end":8618.507},{"text":"convening","start":8618.507,"end":8618.957},{"text":"of","start":8619.053,"end":8619.117},{"text":"this","start":8619.149,"end":8619.342},{"text":"open","start":8619.534,"end":8619.839},{"text":"debate","start":8619.951,"end":8620.352},{"text":"at","start":8620.497,"end":8620.577},{"text":"a","start":8620.577,"end":8620.593},{"text":"time","start":8620.673,"end":8621.122},{"text":"that","start":8621.219,"end":8621.363},{"text":"calls","start":8621.395,"end":8621.844},{"text":"for","start":8621.956,"end":8622.293},{"text":"clarity,","start":8622.582,"end":8623.127},{"text":"responsibility,","start":8623.224,"end":8624.106},{"text":"and","start":8624.122,"end":8624.202},{"text":"steadfastness.","start":8624.218,"end":8625.101}]},{"text":"I extend my thanks to Mr. Secretary-General, the Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization, and the delegations here present.","start":8626.191,"end":8632.867,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8626.191,"end":8626.24},{"text":"extend","start":8626.673,"end":8627.234},{"text":"my","start":8627.234,"end":8627.362},{"text":"thanks","start":8627.475,"end":8627.731},{"text":"to","start":8627.731,"end":8627.892},{"text":"Mr.","start":8627.78,"end":8627.924},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":8628.004,"end":8628.614},{"text":"the","start":8628.63,"end":8628.71},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":8628.71,"end":8629.352},{"text":"of","start":8629.352,"end":8629.417},{"text":"the","start":8629.417,"end":8629.513},{"text":"International","start":8629.513,"end":8629.978},{"text":"Maritime","start":8629.978,"end":8630.347},{"text":"Organization,","start":8630.444,"end":8631.23},{"text":"and","start":8631.407,"end":8631.567},{"text":"the","start":8631.567,"end":8631.599},{"text":"delegations","start":8631.599,"end":8632.193},{"text":"here","start":8632.241,"end":8632.386},{"text":"present.","start":8632.386,"end":8632.867}]},{"text":"Mr. President, we come here to consider a matter that exceeds mere regional circumstances.","start":8634.296,"end":8641.342,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8634.296,"end":8634.488},{"text":"President,","start":8634.537,"end":8635.018},{"text":"we","start":8636.077,"end":8636.318},{"text":"come","start":8636.318,"end":8636.543},{"text":"here","start":8636.543,"end":8636.816},{"text":"to","start":8636.944,"end":8637.201},{"text":"consider","start":8637.201,"end":8637.57},{"text":"a","start":8637.586,"end":8637.618},{"text":"matter","start":8637.618,"end":8638.164},{"text":"that","start":8638.164,"end":8638.469},{"text":"exceeds","start":8638.645,"end":8639.336},{"text":"mere","start":8639.384,"end":8639.721},{"text":"regional","start":8640.17,"end":8640.491},{"text":"circumstances.","start":8640.491,"end":8641.342}]},{"text":"When a strategic maritime route is under threat, it does not only affect one commercial route, it jeopardizes an essential principle of the international order.","start":8641.454,"end":8650.522,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":8641.454,"end":8641.582},{"text":"a","start":8641.759,"end":8641.775},{"text":"strategic","start":8641.775,"end":8642.385},{"text":"maritime","start":8642.385,"end":8642.899},{"text":"route","start":8642.963,"end":8643.204},{"text":"is","start":8643.204,"end":8643.284},{"text":"under","start":8643.3,"end":8643.509},{"text":"threat,","start":8643.525,"end":8643.797},{"text":"it","start":8644.263,"end":8644.343},{"text":"does","start":8644.343,"end":8644.471},{"text":"not","start":8644.504,"end":8644.664},{"text":"only","start":8644.664,"end":8644.873},{"text":"affect","start":8644.905,"end":8645.37},{"text":"one","start":8645.386,"end":8645.515},{"text":"commercial","start":8645.627,"end":8646.173},{"text":"route,","start":8646.333,"end":8646.606},{"text":"it","start":8646.735,"end":8647.007},{"text":"jeopardizes","start":8647.393,"end":8647.954},{"text":"an","start":8648.019,"end":8648.051},{"text":"essential","start":8648.051,"end":8648.468},{"text":"principle","start":8648.661,"end":8649.11},{"text":"of","start":8649.158,"end":8649.303},{"text":"the","start":8649.72,"end":8649.8},{"text":"international","start":8649.8,"end":8650.266},{"text":"order.","start":8650.266,"end":8650.522}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation is a basic precondition to peace stability, and prosperity among nations.","start":8650.908,"end":8655.614,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":8650.908,"end":8651.116},{"text":"of","start":8651.164,"end":8651.229},{"text":"navigation","start":8651.229,"end":8651.758},{"text":"is","start":8651.79,"end":8651.871},{"text":"a","start":8651.871,"end":8651.951},{"text":"basic","start":8651.951,"end":8652.288},{"text":"precondition","start":8652.288,"end":8652.817},{"text":"to","start":8652.994,"end":8653.139},{"text":"peace","start":8653.171,"end":8653.379},{"text":"stability,","start":8653.558,"end":8654.076},{"text":"and","start":8654.27,"end":8654.335},{"text":"prosperity","start":8654.335,"end":8654.999},{"text":"among","start":8654.999,"end":8655.128},{"text":"nations.","start":8655.225,"end":8655.614}]},{"text":"For this reason, this chamber has a singular value.","start":8656.844,"end":8660.26,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":8656.844,"end":8656.974},{"text":"this","start":8656.974,"end":8657.071},{"text":"reason,","start":8657.184,"end":8657.637},{"text":"this","start":8657.913,"end":8658.026},{"text":"chamber","start":8658.479,"end":8658.965},{"text":"has","start":8658.965,"end":8659.208},{"text":"a","start":8659.208,"end":8659.289},{"text":"singular","start":8659.289,"end":8659.774},{"text":"value.","start":8659.774,"end":8660.26}]},{"text":"The Charter of the United Nations entrusted the primary responsibility to this council to maintain international peace and security.","start":8660.341,"end":8666.603,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8660.341,"end":8660.584},{"text":"Charter","start":8660.665,"end":8660.924},{"text":"of","start":8660.924,"end":8660.988},{"text":"the","start":8660.988,"end":8661.069},{"text":"United","start":8661.069,"end":8661.345},{"text":"Nations","start":8661.345,"end":8661.798},{"text":"entrusted","start":8661.798,"end":8662.494},{"text":"the","start":8662.834,"end":8662.98},{"text":"primary","start":8662.98,"end":8663.382},{"text":"responsibility","start":8663.414,"end":8664.075},{"text":"to","start":8664.075,"end":8664.22},{"text":"this","start":8664.22,"end":8664.445},{"text":"council","start":8664.445,"end":8664.864},{"text":"to","start":8664.864,"end":8664.944},{"text":"maintain","start":8664.944,"end":8665.412},{"text":"international","start":8665.412,"end":8665.75},{"text":"peace","start":8665.75,"end":8665.991},{"text":"and","start":8665.991,"end":8666.056},{"text":"security.","start":8666.056,"end":8666.603}]},{"text":"This responsibility does not admit any ambiguities when a state conditions by force the normal business of the international community.","start":8667.199,"end":8677.419,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8667.199,"end":8667.425},{"text":"responsibility","start":8667.425,"end":8668.101},{"text":"does","start":8668.101,"end":8668.262},{"text":"not","start":8668.311,"end":8668.488},{"text":"admit","start":8668.552,"end":8669.664},{"text":"any","start":8669.776,"end":8669.905},{"text":"ambiguities","start":8669.937,"end":8670.71},{"text":"when","start":8670.823,"end":8671.016},{"text":"a","start":8671.21,"end":8671.226},{"text":"state","start":8671.226,"end":8671.661},{"text":"conditions","start":8673.724,"end":8674.502},{"text":"by","start":8674.534,"end":8674.696},{"text":"force","start":8674.696,"end":8675.15},{"text":"the","start":8675.263,"end":8675.361},{"text":"normal","start":8675.361,"end":8675.798},{"text":"business","start":8675.831,"end":8676.171},{"text":"of","start":8676.171,"end":8676.252},{"text":"the","start":8676.252,"end":8676.317},{"text":"international","start":8676.317,"end":8676.868},{"text":"community.","start":8676.868,"end":8677.419}]},{"text":"As noted by President Javier Milei, Argentina's foreign policy has a clearly defined moral north.","start":8678.083,"end":8684.475,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8678.083,"end":8678.245},{"text":"noted","start":8678.262,"end":8678.715},{"text":"by","start":8678.748,"end":8678.91},{"text":"President","start":8678.91,"end":8679.282},{"text":"Javier","start":8679.299,"end":8679.59},{"text":"Milei,","start":8679.59,"end":8679.979},{"text":"Argentina's","start":8680.271,"end":8680.984},{"text":"foreign","start":8681.098,"end":8681.308},{"text":"policy","start":8681.405,"end":8681.875},{"text":"has","start":8681.973,"end":8682.151},{"text":"a","start":8682.151,"end":8682.329},{"text":"clearly","start":8682.23,"end":8682.47},{"text":"defined","start":8682.502,"end":8683.08},{"text":"moral","start":8683.529,"end":8683.817},{"text":"north.","start":8684.042,"end":8684.475}]},{"text":"It is based on the defense of life, freedom, and prosperity.","start":8684.603,"end":8688.164,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8684.603,"end":8684.684},{"text":"is","start":8684.684,"end":8684.796},{"text":"based","start":8684.828,"end":8685.293},{"text":"on","start":8685.373,"end":8685.454},{"text":"the","start":8685.614,"end":8685.694},{"text":"defense","start":8685.694,"end":8686.127},{"text":"of","start":8686.127,"end":8686.352},{"text":"life,","start":8686.352,"end":8686.624},{"text":"freedom,","start":8686.897,"end":8687.298},{"text":"and","start":8687.314,"end":8687.394},{"text":"prosperity.","start":8687.475,"end":8688.164}]},{"text":"In line with these principles, Argentina roundly condemns the actions of the Islamic Republic of Iran.","start":8688.597,"end":8693.201,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8688.597,"end":8688.742},{"text":"line","start":8688.742,"end":8688.918},{"text":"with","start":8688.918,"end":8689.031},{"text":"these","start":8689.063,"end":8689.191},{"text":"principles,","start":8689.239,"end":8689.816},{"text":"Argentina","start":8689.945,"end":8690.474},{"text":"roundly","start":8690.586,"end":8690.907},{"text":"condemns","start":8690.907,"end":8691.372},{"text":"the","start":8691.404,"end":8691.549},{"text":"actions","start":8691.549,"end":8691.902},{"text":"of","start":8691.902,"end":8691.982},{"text":"the","start":8692.03,"end":8692.142},{"text":"Islamic","start":8692.142,"end":8692.447},{"text":"Republic","start":8692.447,"end":8692.784},{"text":"of","start":8692.784,"end":8692.864},{"text":"Iran.","start":8692.864,"end":8693.201}]},{"text":"In this same vein, we express our full support for the action taken by the United States and by Israel to address this threat.","start":8693.73,"end":8701.205,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8693.73,"end":8693.778},{"text":"this","start":8693.81,"end":8693.971},{"text":"same","start":8693.971,"end":8694.388},{"text":"vein,","start":8695.238,"end":8695.463},{"text":"we","start":8695.575,"end":8695.735},{"text":"express","start":8695.735,"end":8696.12},{"text":"our","start":8696.12,"end":8696.216},{"text":"full","start":8696.216,"end":8696.425},{"text":"support","start":8696.473,"end":8696.986},{"text":"for","start":8697.018,"end":8697.131},{"text":"the","start":8697.131,"end":8697.243},{"text":"action","start":8697.259,"end":8697.548},{"text":"taken","start":8697.58,"end":8698.029},{"text":"by","start":8698.061,"end":8698.254},{"text":"the","start":8698.703,"end":8698.783},{"text":"United","start":8698.783,"end":8699.104},{"text":"States","start":8699.104,"end":8699.425},{"text":"and","start":8699.425,"end":8699.569},{"text":"by","start":8699.569,"end":8699.729},{"text":"Israel","start":8699.745,"end":8700.098},{"text":"to","start":8700.227,"end":8700.547},{"text":"address","start":8700.547,"end":8700.772},{"text":"this","start":8700.772,"end":8700.9},{"text":"threat.","start":8700.948,"end":8701.205}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Argentina has firsthand experience of terrorism—this through the attacks on the Israeli embassy and the AMIA building.","start":8702.151,"end":8710.139,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8702.151,"end":8702.344},{"text":"President,","start":8702.392,"end":8702.857},{"text":"Argentina","start":8703.258,"end":8703.819},{"text":"has","start":8703.819,"end":8704.044},{"text":"firsthand","start":8704.14,"end":8704.782},{"text":"experience","start":8704.782,"end":8705.295},{"text":"of","start":8705.295,"end":8705.359},{"text":"terrorism—this","start":8705.359,"end":8706.675},{"text":"through","start":8706.867,"end":8707.14},{"text":"the","start":8707.188,"end":8707.364},{"text":"attacks","start":8707.364,"end":8707.83},{"text":"on","start":8707.83,"end":8707.894},{"text":"the","start":8708.006,"end":8708.231},{"text":"Israeli","start":8708.311,"end":8708.632},{"text":"embassy","start":8708.648,"end":8709.016},{"text":"and","start":8709.193,"end":8709.305},{"text":"the","start":8709.353,"end":8709.498},{"text":"AMIA","start":8709.514,"end":8709.77},{"text":"building.","start":8709.835,"end":8710.139}]},{"text":"Also, through the horror of the 7th of October, where Argentine nationals were both murdered and kidnapped, our justice has granted responsibility to the Iranian regime, and we support the quest for truth and justice here.","start":8710.556,"end":8723.069,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":8710.556,"end":8710.957},{"text":"through","start":8711.07,"end":8711.391},{"text":"the","start":8711.391,"end":8711.567},{"text":"horror","start":8711.599,"end":8711.936},{"text":"of","start":8711.936,"end":8712.016},{"text":"the","start":8712.016,"end":8712.096},{"text":"7th","start":8712.096,"end":8712.433},{"text":"of","start":8712.433,"end":8712.514},{"text":"October,","start":8712.514,"end":8713.187},{"text":"where","start":8713.219,"end":8713.524},{"text":"Argentine","start":8713.524,"end":8714.07},{"text":"nationals","start":8714.182,"end":8714.711},{"text":"were","start":8714.824,"end":8714.936},{"text":"both","start":8715.064,"end":8715.273},{"text":"murdered","start":8715.305,"end":8715.69},{"text":"and","start":8715.69,"end":8715.786},{"text":"kidnapped,","start":8715.786,"end":8716.332},{"text":"our","start":8716.685,"end":8716.829},{"text":"justice","start":8716.829,"end":8717.31},{"text":"has","start":8717.31,"end":8717.599},{"text":"granted","start":8717.695,"end":8718.096},{"text":"responsibility","start":8718.096,"end":8718.818},{"text":"to","start":8718.818,"end":8718.914},{"text":"the","start":8718.914,"end":8719.139},{"text":"Iranian","start":8719.155,"end":8719.668},{"text":"regime,","start":8719.861,"end":8720.406},{"text":"and","start":8720.583,"end":8720.743},{"text":"we","start":8720.743,"end":8720.84},{"text":"support","start":8720.84,"end":8721.401},{"text":"the","start":8721.401,"end":8721.481},{"text":"quest","start":8721.481,"end":8721.866},{"text":"for","start":8721.866,"end":8721.962},{"text":"truth","start":8721.962,"end":8722.267},{"text":"and","start":8722.267,"end":8722.364},{"text":"justice","start":8722.364,"end":8722.732},{"text":"here.","start":8722.829,"end":8723.069}]},{"text":"Our firm belief has led to concrete decisions.","start":8723.952,"end":8726.791,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8723.952,"end":8724.048},{"text":"firm","start":8724.048,"end":8724.353},{"text":"belief","start":8724.529,"end":8724.994},{"text":"has","start":8724.994,"end":8725.139},{"text":"led","start":8725.235,"end":8725.379},{"text":"to","start":8725.476,"end":8725.7},{"text":"concrete","start":8725.716,"end":8726.085},{"text":"decisions.","start":8726.15,"end":8726.791}]},{"text":"Argentina supports the people of Iran in its aspiration to live in freedom.","start":8726.92,"end":8730.593,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Argentina","start":8726.92,"end":8727.577},{"text":"supports","start":8727.577,"end":8728.059},{"text":"the","start":8728.059,"end":8728.139},{"text":"people","start":8728.139,"end":8728.46},{"text":"of","start":8728.46,"end":8728.54},{"text":"Iran","start":8728.54,"end":8728.813},{"text":"in","start":8728.925,"end":8728.957},{"text":"its","start":8728.957,"end":8729.214},{"text":"aspiration","start":8729.246,"end":8729.791},{"text":"to","start":8729.823,"end":8729.968},{"text":"live","start":8729.968,"end":8730.144},{"text":"in","start":8730.144,"end":8730.272},{"text":"freedom.","start":8730.288,"end":8730.593}]},{"text":"At the same time, the State of Argentina has moved to declare the Islamic Revolutionary Guard, the Quds Force, Hezbollah, and Hamas as terrorist organizations, including them in our public register of persons and entities linked to acts of terrorism and their financing.","start":8731.026,"end":8748.812,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":8731.026,"end":8731.074},{"text":"the","start":8731.091,"end":8731.171},{"text":"same","start":8731.171,"end":8731.427},{"text":"time,","start":8731.427,"end":8731.877},{"text":"the","start":8731.909,"end":8732.053},{"text":"State","start":8732.053,"end":8732.326},{"text":"of","start":8732.326,"end":8732.454},{"text":"Argentina","start":8732.454,"end":8733.272},{"text":"has","start":8733.754,"end":8733.962},{"text":"moved","start":8734.01,"end":8734.395},{"text":"to","start":8734.395,"end":8734.556},{"text":"declare","start":8734.556,"end":8735.117},{"text":"the","start":8735.117,"end":8735.245},{"text":"Islamic","start":8735.262,"end":8735.663},{"text":"Revolutionary","start":8735.663,"end":8736.288},{"text":"Guard,","start":8736.32,"end":8736.721},{"text":"the","start":8736.77,"end":8736.882},{"text":"Quds","start":8736.882,"end":8737.171},{"text":"Force,","start":8737.203,"end":8737.589},{"text":"Hezbollah,","start":8737.605,"end":8738.232},{"text":"and","start":8738.312,"end":8738.376},{"text":"Hamas","start":8738.408,"end":8738.778},{"text":"as","start":8739.035,"end":8739.18},{"text":"terrorist","start":8739.356,"end":8739.838},{"text":"organizations,","start":8739.855,"end":8740.786},{"text":"including","start":8741.381,"end":8741.911},{"text":"them","start":8742.024,"end":8742.216},{"text":"in","start":8742.49,"end":8742.634},{"text":"our","start":8742.891,"end":8743.068},{"text":"public","start":8743.068,"end":8743.47},{"text":"register","start":8743.47,"end":8744.016},{"text":"of","start":8744.048,"end":8744.129},{"text":"persons","start":8744.193,"end":8744.723},{"text":"and","start":8745.141,"end":8745.285},{"text":"entities","start":8745.382,"end":8745.848},{"text":"linked","start":8746.041,"end":8746.282},{"text":"to","start":8746.283,"end":8746.497},{"text":"acts","start":8746.597,"end":8746.795},{"text":"of","start":8746.795,"end":8746.878},{"text":"terrorism","start":8746.927,"end":8747.489},{"text":"and","start":8747.853,"end":8748.018},{"text":"their","start":8748.018,"end":8748.183},{"text":"financing.","start":8748.183,"end":8748.812}]},{"text":"Most recently, it has declared persona non grata the chargé d'affaires of Iran in Argentina.","start":8750.306,"end":8760.015,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Most","start":8750.306,"end":8750.564},{"text":"recently,","start":8750.564,"end":8751.177},{"text":"it","start":8752.322,"end":8752.467},{"text":"has","start":8752.483,"end":8752.79},{"text":"declared","start":8755.144,"end":8755.612},{"text":"persona","start":8755.644,"end":8756.048},{"text":"non","start":8756.048,"end":8756.257},{"text":"grata","start":8756.29,"end":8756.612},{"text":"the","start":8756.612,"end":8756.886},{"text":"chargé","start":8757.015,"end":8757.338},{"text":"d'affaires","start":8757.354,"end":8757.79},{"text":"of","start":8758.128,"end":8758.225},{"text":"Iran","start":8758.225,"end":8758.596},{"text":"in","start":8758.773,"end":8759.064},{"text":"Argentina.","start":8759.419,"end":8760.015}]},{"text":"When faced with terror, Argentina is not cowed.","start":8761.762,"end":8764.143,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":8761.762,"end":8761.893},{"text":"faced","start":8761.99,"end":8762.17},{"text":"with","start":8762.17,"end":8762.317},{"text":"terror,","start":8762.333,"end":8762.724},{"text":"Argentina","start":8762.806,"end":8763.262},{"text":"is","start":8763.311,"end":8763.442},{"text":"not","start":8763.474,"end":8763.654},{"text":"cowed.","start":8763.703,"end":8764.143}]},{"text":"It responds— responds decisively.","start":8764.29,"end":8766.142,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8764.29,"end":8764.437},{"text":"responds—","start":8764.437,"end":8764.91},{"text":"responds","start":8765.052,"end":8765.42},{"text":"decisively.","start":8765.452,"end":8766.142}]},{"text":"I wish to state this clearly.","start":8767.28,"end":8768.659,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8767.28,"end":8767.328},{"text":"wish","start":8767.376,"end":8767.617},{"text":"to","start":8767.681,"end":8767.777},{"text":"state","start":8767.777,"end":8768.017},{"text":"this","start":8768.017,"end":8768.146},{"text":"clearly.","start":8768.258,"end":8768.659}]},{"text":"Argentina acts on the international stage consistently and without 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circumstances.","start":8773.869,"end":8776.482,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8773.869,"end":8773.949},{"text":"decisions","start":8773.949,"end":8774.462},{"text":"are","start":8774.59,"end":8774.686},{"text":"not","start":8774.75,"end":8774.863},{"text":"explained","start":8774.911,"end":8775.312},{"text":"by","start":8775.312,"end":8775.472},{"text":"circumstances.","start":8775.472,"end":8776.482}]},{"text":"They are underpinned by profound belief in the— that guide and inform our foreign policy.","start":8776.578,"end":8782.173,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8776.578,"end":8776.674},{"text":"are","start":8776.674,"end":8776.818},{"text":"underpinned","start":8776.818,"end":8777.46},{"text":"by","start":8777.46,"end":8777.62},{"text":"profound","start":8777.62,"end":8778.069},{"text":"belief","start":8778.197,"end":8778.566},{"text":"in","start":8778.742,"end":8778.79},{"text":"the—","start":8778.983,"end":8779.079},{"text":"that","start":8779.977,"end":8780.169},{"text":"guide","start":8780.201,"end":8780.602},{"text":"and","start":8780.602,"end":8780.714},{"text":"inform","start":8780.762,"end":8781.131},{"text":"our","start":8781.179,"end":8781.323},{"text":"foreign","start":8781.323,"end":8781.612},{"text":"policy.","start":8781.708,"end":8782.173}]},{"text":"This consistency guides every one of our positions and defines the role that we play in the world.","start":8782.59,"end":8788.713,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8782.59,"end":8782.654},{"text":"consistency","start":8782.766,"end":8783.455},{"text":"guides","start":8783.551,"end":8783.856},{"text":"every","start":8783.968,"end":8784.257},{"text":"one","start":8784.289,"end":8784.417},{"text":"of","start":8784.465,"end":8784.593},{"text":"our","start":8784.593,"end":8784.77},{"text":"positions","start":8784.77,"end":8785.539},{"text":"and","start":8785.716,"end":8785.892},{"text":"defines","start":8785.956,"end":8786.581},{"text":"the","start":8786.613,"end":8786.71},{"text":"role","start":8786.758,"end":8786.982},{"text":"that","start":8787.014,"end":8787.174},{"text":"we","start":8787.174,"end":8787.255},{"text":"play","start":8787.319,"end":8787.591},{"text":"in","start":8788.136,"end":8788.184},{"text":"the","start":8788.216,"end":8788.297},{"text":"world.","start":8788.361,"end":8788.713}]},{"text":"This is a role that does not accept any ambivalence to those that threaten our freedom.","start":8789.018,"end":8793.743,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8789.018,"end":8789.178},{"text":"is","start":8789.178,"end":8789.274},{"text":"a","start":8789.323,"end":8789.403},{"text":"role","start":8789.419,"end":8789.611},{"text":"that","start":8789.723,"end":8789.948},{"text":"does","start":8789.98,"end":8790.108},{"text":"not","start":8790.124,"end":8790.3},{"text":"accept","start":8790.3,"end":8790.91},{"text":"any","start":8790.862,"end":8791.072},{"text":"ambivalence","start":8791.186,"end":8791.898},{"text":"to","start":8791.914,"end":8792.173},{"text":"those","start":8792.319,"end":8792.529},{"text":"that","start":8792.626,"end":8792.691},{"text":"threaten","start":8792.739,"end":8793.144},{"text":"our","start":8793.225,"end":8793.355},{"text":"freedom.","start":8793.355,"end":8793.743}]},{"text":"President, my country was one of the co-sponsors of Resolution 2817, which condemned the attacks launched by Iran on Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar, and urged the regime in Tehran to refrain from any action affecting freedom of navigation and transit passage through the Strait of Hormuz.","start":8794.811,"end":8819.218,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":8794.811,"end":8795.297},{"text":"my","start":8795.378,"end":8795.475},{"text":"country","start":8795.475,"end":8795.799},{"text":"was","start":8795.799,"end":8795.96},{"text":"one","start":8795.96,"end":8796.058},{"text":"of","start":8796.058,"end":8796.139},{"text":"the","start":8796.139,"end":8796.219},{"text":"co-sponsors","start":8796.219,"end":8796.851},{"text":"of","start":8796.851,"end":8796.915},{"text":"Resolution","start":8796.915,"end":8797.207},{"text":"2817,","start":8797.207,"end":8797.757},{"text":"which","start":8799.65,"end":8799.81},{"text":"condemned","start":8799.842,"end":8800.453},{"text":"the","start":8800.485,"end":8800.726},{"text":"attacks","start":8800.871,"end":8801.305},{"text":"launched","start":8801.433,"end":8801.658},{"text":"by","start":8801.69,"end":8801.899},{"text":"Iran","start":8801.931,"end":8802.301},{"text":"on","start":8802.478,"end":8802.526},{"text":"Bahrain,","start":8802.655,"end":8803.265},{"text":"Saudi","start":8803.474,"end":8803.86},{"text":"Arabia,","start":8803.86,"end":8804.326},{"text":"the","start":8804.342,"end":8804.486},{"text":"United","start":8804.486,"end":8804.744},{"text":"Arab","start":8804.808,"end":8805.049},{"text":"Emirates,","start":8805.049,"end":8805.547},{"text":"Jordan,","start":8805.611,"end":8806.077},{"text":"Kuwait,","start":8807.636,"end":8808.199},{"text":"Oman,","start":8808.89,"end":8809.294},{"text":"and","start":8809.569,"end":8809.698},{"text":"Qatar,","start":8809.714,"end":8810.216},{"text":"and","start":8811.332,"end":8811.478},{"text":"urged","start":8811.656,"end":8811.963},{"text":"the","start":8811.995,"end":8812.254},{"text":"regime","start":8812.626,"end":8813.03},{"text":"in","start":8813.03,"end":8813.079},{"text":"Tehran","start":8813.127,"end":8813.5},{"text":"to","start":8813.597,"end":8813.71},{"text":"refrain","start":8813.71,"end":8814.147},{"text":"from","start":8814.163,"end":8814.292},{"text":"any","start":8814.324,"end":8814.551},{"text":"action","start":8814.567,"end":8814.907},{"text":"affecting","start":8814.907,"end":8815.521},{"text":"freedom","start":8815.699,"end":8816.104},{"text":"of","start":8816.104,"end":8816.136},{"text":"navigation","start":8816.136,"end":8816.977},{"text":"and","start":8817.236,"end":8817.382},{"text":"transit","start":8817.56,"end":8817.899},{"text":"passage","start":8817.899,"end":8818.32},{"text":"through","start":8818.13,"end":8818.259},{"text":"the","start":8818.259,"end":8818.341},{"text":"Strait","start":8818.341,"end":8818.584},{"text":"of","start":8818.584,"end":8818.666},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":8818.714,"end":8819.218}]},{"text":"It's essential to remember that in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the right to transit passage through international straits is part of the principle of freedom of navigation at sea.","start":8819.965,"end":8831.138,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":8856.154,"end":8856.202},{"text":"decisive","start":8856.747,"end":8857.276},{"text":"proportion","start":8857.276,"end":8857.773},{"text":"of","start":8857.773,"end":8857.853},{"text":"global","start":8857.853,"end":8858.157},{"text":"trade","start":8858.157,"end":8858.718},{"text":"circulates","start":8858.718,"end":8859.359},{"text":"via","start":8859.359,"end":8859.535},{"text":"these","start":8859.535,"end":8859.744},{"text":"routes.","start":8859.84,"end":8860.144}]},{"text":"Energy, food, industrial inputs, and primary materials sustain logistical flows that guarantee the functioning of economies and market stability.","start":8860.481,"end":8869.839,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Energy,","start":8860.481,"end":8860.833},{"text":"food,","start":8861.202,"end":8861.827},{"text":"industrial","start":8862.099,"end":8862.58},{"text":"inputs,","start":8862.644,"end":8863.141},{"text":"and","start":8863.285,"end":8863.477},{"text":"primary","start":8863.542,"end":8864.07},{"text":"materials","start":8864.102,"end":8864.791},{"text":"sustain","start":8865.24,"end":8865.753},{"text":"logistical","start":8865.945,"end":8866.49},{"text":"flows","start":8866.49,"end":8866.875},{"text":"that","start":8866.907,"end":8867.003},{"text":"guarantee","start":8867.051,"end":8867.452},{"text":"the","start":8867.452,"end":8867.532},{"text":"functioning","start":8867.532,"end":8867.916},{"text":"of","start":8867.932,"end":8867.964},{"text":"economies","start":8867.964,"end":8868.557},{"text":"and","start":8868.653,"end":8868.878},{"text":"market","start":8868.926,"end":8869.246},{"text":"stability.","start":8869.246,"end":8869.839}]},{"text":"Interrupting this trade and this transport generates distortion.","start":8870.273,"end":8874.706,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8874.754,"end":8874.85},{"text":"exerts","start":8874.85,"end":8875.364},{"text":"price","start":8875.477,"end":8876.055},{"text":"pressure","start":8876.055,"end":8876.537},{"text":"and","start":8876.681,"end":8876.906},{"text":"jeopardizes","start":8877.42,"end":8878.271},{"text":"food","start":8878.785,"end":8879.042},{"text":"and","start":8879.042,"end":8879.171},{"text":"energy","start":8879.171,"end":8879.476},{"text":"security","start":8879.492,"end":8879.878},{"text":"at","start":8879.894,"end":8879.974},{"text":"a","start":8879.974,"end":8879.99},{"text":"global","start":8880.054,"end":8880.536},{"text":"level.","start":8880.536,"end":8880.874}]},{"text":"This impact is more than just economic, though.","start":8881.259,"end":8883.893,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8881.259,"end":8881.323},{"text":"impact","start":8881.5,"end":8881.966},{"text":"is","start":8882.062,"end":8882.207},{"text":"more","start":8882.239,"end":8882.416},{"text":"than","start":8882.416,"end":8882.608},{"text":"just","start":8882.801,"end":8883.106},{"text":"economic,","start":8883.122,"end":8883.636},{"text":"though.","start":8883.765,"end":8883.893}]},{"text":"It is not just a commercial disruption.","start":8884.552,"end":8886.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8884.552,"end":8884.664},{"text":"is","start":8884.664,"end":8884.777},{"text":"not","start":8884.793,"end":8884.921},{"text":"just","start":8884.953,"end":8885.082},{"text":"a","start":8885.13,"end":8885.146},{"text":"commercial","start":8885.194,"end":8885.66},{"text":"disruption.","start":8885.692,"end":8886.27}]},{"text":"It's an action that violates the international economy and affects the freedom of countries to trade, produce, and prosper, affecting the normal functioning of a strategic waterways, such as the Strait of Hormuz, is illegal conduct that cannot be relativized.","start":8886.351,"end":8900.598,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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determination.","start":8917.898,"end":8920.837,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8917.898,"end":8918.122},{"text":"council","start":8918.122,"end":8918.669},{"text":"must","start":8918.717,"end":8918.974},{"text":"act","start":8919.166,"end":8919.536},{"text":"with","start":8919.584,"end":8919.809},{"text":"this","start":8919.809,"end":8920.002},{"text":"determination.","start":8920.002,"end":8920.837}]},{"text":"Argentina Argentina will support any initiative to safeguard the peace, freedom, life, prosperity, and international 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are at stake.","start":8931.226,"end":8936.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":8931.226,"end":8931.916},{"text":"know,","start":8931.948,"end":8932.157},{"text":"Mr.","start":8932.253,"end":8932.382},{"text":"President,","start":8932.43,"end":8932.799},{"text":"distinguished","start":8932.832,"end":8933.313},{"text":"colleagues,","start":8933.313,"end":8933.602},{"text":"that","start":8933.634,"end":8933.859},{"text":"Argentina","start":8933.859,"end":8934.437},{"text":"will","start":8934.582,"end":8934.71},{"text":"be","start":8934.758,"end":8934.903},{"text":"there","start":8934.903,"end":8935.224},{"text":"every","start":8935.224,"end":8935.401},{"text":"time","start":8935.401,"end":8935.69},{"text":"these","start":8935.722,"end":8935.85},{"text":"principles","start":8935.947,"end":8936.38},{"text":"are","start":8936.428,"end":8936.476},{"text":"at","start":8936.508,"end":8936.557},{"text":"stake.","start":8936.589,"end":8936.91}]},{"text":"It will be there to support them and to defend them.","start":8937.07,"end":8939.318,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8937.07,"end":8937.151},{"text":"will","start":8937.151,"end":8937.215},{"text":"be","start":8937.247,"end":8937.408},{"text":"there","start":8937.408,"end":8937.649},{"text":"to","start":8937.649,"end":8937.809},{"text":"support","start":8937.809,"end":8938.275},{"text":"them","start":8938.275,"end":8938.339},{"text":"and","start":8938.516,"end":8938.596},{"text":"to","start":8938.612,"end":8938.756},{"text":"defend","start":8938.756,"end":8939.061},{"text":"them.","start":8939.158,"end":8939.318}]},{"text":"We will be there to firmly confront those who purport to wield terror, intimidation, or illegality as a form of power.","start":8939.656,"end":8946.945,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8939.656,"end":8939.736},{"text":"will","start":8939.736,"end":8939.848},{"text":"be","start":8939.896,"end":8940.041},{"text":"there","start":8940.041,"end":8940.314},{"text":"to","start":8940.378,"end":8940.635},{"text":"firmly","start":8940.844,"end":8941.39},{"text":"confront","start":8941.823,"end":8942.385},{"text":"those","start":8942.385,"end":8942.674},{"text":"who","start":8942.771,"end":8942.931},{"text":"purport","start":8943.027,"end":8943.509},{"text":"to","start":8943.509,"end":8943.638},{"text":"wield","start":8943.734,"end":8944.071},{"text":"terror,","start":8944.071,"end":8944.457},{"text":"intimidation,","start":8944.473,"end":8945.179},{"text":"or","start":8945.275,"end":8945.372},{"text":"illegality","start":8945.436,"end":8946.078},{"text":"as","start":8946.078,"end":8946.175},{"text":"a","start":8946.175,"end":8946.191},{"text":"form","start":8946.239,"end":8946.399},{"text":"of","start":8946.399,"end":8946.48},{"text":"power.","start":8946.48,"end":8946.945}]},{"text":"This is our commitment.","start":8947.203,"end":8948.137,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8947.203,"end":8947.299},{"text":"is","start":8947.299,"end":8947.412},{"text":"our","start":8947.509,"end":8947.605},{"text":"commitment.","start":8947.605,"end":8948.137}]},{"text":"This is the role that we have chosen to play in the world.","start":8948.556,"end":8951.036,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8948.556,"end":8948.733},{"text":"is","start":8948.733,"end":8948.862},{"text":"the","start":8948.878,"end":8948.974},{"text":"role","start":8948.974,"end":8949.232},{"text":"that","start":8949.232,"end":8949.345},{"text":"we","start":8949.442,"end":8949.538},{"text":"have","start":8949.538,"end":8949.667},{"text":"chosen","start":8949.699,"end":8950.07},{"text":"to","start":8950.182,"end":8950.279},{"text":"play","start":8950.327,"end":8950.505},{"text":"in","start":8950.505,"end":8950.553},{"text":"the","start":8950.649,"end":8950.73},{"text":"world.","start":8950.73,"end":8951.036}]},{"text":"No doubts, no concessions.","start":8951.406,"end":8952.969,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"No","start":8951.406,"end":8951.632},{"text":"doubts,","start":8951.632,"end":8951.97},{"text":"no","start":8952.212,"end":8952.421},{"text":"concessions.","start":8952.421,"end":8952.969}]},{"text":"Thank 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statement.","start":8955.739,"end":8960.915,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8955.739,"end":8955.787},{"text":"thank","start":8955.884,"end":8956.11},{"text":"His","start":8956.11,"end":8956.271},{"text":"Excellency","start":8956.368,"end":8956.999},{"text":"Mr.","start":8957.841,"end":8958.164},{"text":"Gheorgheanu","start":8958.633,"end":8959.087},{"text":"for","start":8960.009,"end":8960.138},{"text":"the","start":8960.251,"end":8960.332},{"text":"statement.","start":8960.332,"end":8960.915}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to His Excellency Dulkarnain Abdurrahim, Minister of State of Singapore.","start":8963.894,"end":8971.375,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8963.894,"end":8963.976},{"text":"now","start":8963.976,"end":8964.074},{"text":"give","start":8964.205,"end":8964.352},{"text":"the","start":8964.385,"end":8964.466},{"text":"floor","start":8964.466,"end":8964.744},{"text":"to","start":8965.267,"end":8965.316},{"text":"His","start":8965.349,"end":8965.414},{"text":"Excellency","start":8965.529,"end":8966.15},{"text":"Dulkarnain","start":8966.428,"end":8967.016},{"text":"Abdurrahim,","start":8967.016,"end":8967.506},{"text":"Minister","start":8969.05,"end":8969.328},{"text":"of","start":8969.557,"end":8969.721},{"text":"State","start":8970.212,"end":8970.818},{"text":"of","start":8970.884,"end":8970.965},{"text":"Singapore.","start":8970.965,"end":8971.375}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":8973.76,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=8974","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, thank you for convening this timely and important debate.","start":8973.76,"end":8977.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8973.76,"end":8973.888},{"text":"President,","start":8973.936,"end":8974.418},{"text":"thank","start":8974.723,"end":8974.98},{"text":"you","start":8974.98,"end":8975.141},{"text":"for","start":8975.141,"end":8975.446},{"text":"convening","start":8975.462,"end":8975.895},{"text":"this","start":8976.441,"end":8976.666},{"text":"timely","start":8976.666,"end":8977.035},{"text":"and","start":8977.067,"end":8977.147},{"text":"important","start":8977.147,"end":8977.629},{"text":"debate.","start":8977.629,"end":8977.95}]},{"text":"I also thank UN Secretary-General Guterres, IMF Secretary-General Dominguez, and Mr. Charles for their insightful briefings.","start":8978.673,"end":8986.829,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8978.673,"end":8978.721},{"text":"also","start":8978.753,"end":8979.074},{"text":"thank","start":8979.074,"end":8979.556},{"text":"UN","start":8979.636,"end":8979.845},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":8979.941,"end":8980.985},{"text":"Guterres,","start":8980.985,"end":8981.37},{"text":"IMF","start":8981.804,"end":8982.157},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":8982.157,"end":8982.96},{"text":"Dominguez,","start":8983.008,"end":8983.345},{"text":"and","start":8984.276,"end":8984.34},{"text":"Mr.","start":8984.372,"end":8984.549},{"text":"Charles","start":8984.597,"end":8984.902},{"text":"for","start":8985.175,"end":8985.416},{"text":"their","start":8985.416,"end":8985.593},{"text":"insightful","start":8985.657,"end":8986.203},{"text":"briefings.","start":8986.203,"end":8986.829}]},{"text":"I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of Fiji, Jamaica, Malta, and my own country, 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four countries played active roles in the negotiation, drafting and conclusion of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , and remain committed to upholding it as the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out.","start":8994.873,"end":9014.124,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8994.873,"end":8995.049},{"text":"four","start":8995.13,"end":8995.322},{"text":"countries","start":8995.371,"end":8995.9},{"text":"played","start":8996.093,"end":8996.302},{"text":"active","start":8996.478,"end":8996.783},{"text":"roles","start":8996.799,"end":8997.105},{"text":"in","start":8997.442,"end":8997.506},{"text":"the","start":8997.538,"end":8997.618},{"text":"negotiation,","start":8997.618,"end":8998.389},{"text":"drafting","start":8998.806,"end":8999.272},{"text":"and","start":8999.32,"end":8999.465},{"text":"conclusion","start":8999.465,"end":8999.995},{"text":"of","start":9000.428,"end":9000.557},{"text":"the","start":9000.733,"end":9000.942},{"text":"United","start":9000.974,"end":9001.279},{"text":"Nations","start":9001.311,"end":9001.889},{"text":"Convention","start":9002.596,"end":9003.11},{"text":"on","start":9003.158,"end":9003.238},{"text":"the","start":9003.238,"end":9003.383},{"text":"Law","start":9003.383,"end":9003.511},{"text":"of","start":9003.623,"end":9003.784},{"text":"the","start":9003.784,"end":9003.864},{"text":"Sea","start":9003.864,"end":9004.378},{"text":",","start":9004.603,"end":9004.972},{"text":"and","start":9005.727,"end":9005.791},{"text":"remain","start":9005.807,"end":9006.08},{"text":"committed","start":9006.128,"end":9006.658},{"text":"to","start":9006.851,"end":9006.995},{"text":"upholding","start":9007.011,"end":9007.445},{"text":"it","start":9007.509,"end":9007.734},{"text":"as","start":9007.798,"end":9007.846},{"text":"the","start":9007.894,"end":9007.975},{"text":"legal","start":9008.039,"end":9008.328},{"text":"framework","start":9008.521,"end":9008.954},{"text":"within","start":9009.404,"end":9009.613},{"text":"which","start":9009.661,"end":9009.869},{"text":"all","start":9010.287,"end":9010.415},{"text":"activities","start":9010.528,"end":9011.154},{"text":"in","start":9011.523,"end":9011.587},{"text":"the","start":9011.587,"end":9011.748},{"text":"oceans","start":9011.748,"end":9012.117},{"text":"and","start":9012.149,"end":9012.294},{"text":"seas","start":9012.294,"end":9012.679},{"text":"must","start":9013.338,"end":9013.578},{"text":"be","start":9013.578,"end":9013.755},{"text":"carried","start":9013.755,"end":9014.06},{"text":"out.","start":9014.06,"end":9014.124}]},{"text":"Although it has been more than 30 years since the Convention entered into force, we continue to face threats to the navigational rights and freedoms of vessels through international waterways.","start":9015.361,"end":9027.339,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Although","start":9015.361,"end":9015.698},{"text":"it","start":9015.762,"end":9015.907},{"text":"has","start":9015.907,"end":9016.019},{"text":"been","start":9016.083,"end":9016.292},{"text":"more","start":9016.308,"end":9016.437},{"text":"than","start":9016.485,"end":9016.613},{"text":"30","start":9016.71,"end":9016.966},{"text":"years","start":9016.966,"end":9017.175},{"text":"since","start":9017.464,"end":9017.785},{"text":"the","start":9017.785,"end":9017.93},{"text":"Convention","start":9017.93,"end":9018.524},{"text":"entered","start":9018.813,"end":9019.15},{"text":"into","start":9019.15,"end":9019.327},{"text":"force,","start":9019.375,"end":9019.664},{"text":"we","start":9020.338,"end":9020.499},{"text":"continue","start":9020.499,"end":9020.965},{"text":"to","start":9021.221,"end":9021.302},{"text":"face","start":9021.302,"end":9021.655},{"text":"threats","start":9021.767,"end":9022.088},{"text":"to","start":9022.586,"end":9022.731},{"text":"the","start":9022.731,"end":9022.827},{"text":"navigational","start":9022.827,"end":9023.485},{"text":"rights","start":9023.534,"end":9024.385},{"text":"and","start":9024.192,"end":9024.256},{"text":"freedoms","start":9024.417,"end":9024.802},{"text":"of","start":9024.914,"end":9024.995},{"text":"vessels","start":9024.995,"end":9025.492},{"text":"through","start":9025.942,"end":9026.119},{"text":"international","start":9026.36,"end":9026.97},{"text":"waterways.","start":9026.986,"end":9027.339}]},{"text":"The global energy and trade crisis stemming from disruptions in and around the Strait of Hormuz has brought these vulnerabilities into sharp relief.","start":9028.431,"end":9038.932,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9028.431,"end":9028.527},{"text":"global","start":9028.591,"end":9028.977},{"text":"energy","start":9029.169,"end":9029.507},{"text":"and","start":9029.635,"end":9029.731},{"text":"trade","start":9029.796,"end":9030.02},{"text":"crisis","start":9030.117,"end":9030.711},{"text":"stemming","start":9030.855,"end":9031.225},{"text":"from","start":9031.578,"end":9031.867},{"text":"disruptions","start":9031.883,"end":9032.477},{"text":"in","start":9032.766,"end":9032.911},{"text":"and","start":9033.168,"end":9033.232},{"text":"around","start":9033.328,"end":9033.713},{"text":"the","start":9033.826,"end":9033.906},{"text":"Strait","start":9033.906,"end":9034.211},{"text":"of","start":9034.211,"end":9034.308},{"text":"Hormuz","start":9034.308,"end":9034.725},{"text":"has","start":9035.335,"end":9035.48},{"text":"brought","start":9035.576,"end":9035.865},{"text":"these","start":9035.977,"end":9036.122},{"text":"vulnerabilities","start":9036.459,"end":9037.326},{"text":"into","start":9037.599,"end":9037.792},{"text":"sharp","start":9037.84,"end":9038.161},{"text":"relief.","start":9038.563,"end":9038.932}]},{"text":"In our interconnected global economy, no country has been spared the economic and humanitarian impact of this crisis.","start":9040.152,"end":9048.999,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9040.152,"end":9040.232},{"text":"our","start":9040.313,"end":9040.457},{"text":"interconnected","start":9040.489,"end":9041.26},{"text":"global","start":9041.453,"end":9041.806},{"text":"economy,","start":9041.838,"end":9042.191},{"text":"no","start":9042.737,"end":9042.978},{"text":"country","start":9042.978,"end":9043.38},{"text":"has","start":9043.765,"end":9043.909},{"text":"been","start":9044.022,"end":9044.134},{"text":"spared","start":9044.166,"end":9044.471},{"text":"the","start":9044.905,"end":9044.969},{"text":"economic","start":9044.969,"end":9045.611},{"text":"and","start":9046.013,"end":9046.157},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9046.254,"end":9046.976},{"text":"impact","start":9046.976,"end":9047.442},{"text":"of","start":9048.02,"end":9048.164},{"text":"this","start":9048.357,"end":9048.598},{"text":"crisis.","start":9048.598,"end":9048.999}]},{"text":"In particular, the disruption to supply chains has had an outsized impact on many small island nations and developing states with import-dependent economies.","start":9050.269,"end":9062.739,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9050.269,"end":9050.349},{"text":"particular,","start":9050.365,"end":9050.895},{"text":"the","start":9051.635,"end":9051.731},{"text":"disruption","start":9051.731,"end":9052.342},{"text":"to","start":9052.358,"end":9052.455},{"text":"supply","start":9052.455,"end":9052.808},{"text":"chains","start":9052.856,"end":9053.226},{"text":"has","start":9053.564,"end":9053.708},{"text":"had","start":9053.805,"end":9054.03},{"text":"an","start":9054.287,"end":9054.351},{"text":"outsized","start":9054.528,"end":9055.075},{"text":"impact","start":9055.203,"end":9055.702},{"text":"on","start":9055.911,"end":9056.039},{"text":"many","start":9056.136,"end":9056.441},{"text":"small","start":9056.811,"end":9057.229},{"text":"island","start":9057.502,"end":9057.823},{"text":"nations","start":9057.823,"end":9058.209},{"text":"and","start":9058.807,"end":9058.872},{"text":"developing","start":9058.888,"end":9059.422},{"text":"states","start":9059.471,"end":9060.037},{"text":"with","start":9060.49,"end":9060.636},{"text":"import-dependent","start":9060.814,"end":9062.157},{"text":"economies.","start":9062.221,"end":9062.739}]},{"text":"Over time, a crisis like this can also have far-reaching implications for global peace and security, increasing the risk of armed conflict and instability.","start":9064.244,"end":9075.297,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":9064.244,"end":9064.389},{"text":"time,","start":9064.389,"end":9064.616},{"text":"a","start":9065.02,"end":9065.118},{"text":"crisis","start":9065.118,"end":9065.668},{"text":"like","start":9065.668,"end":9065.829},{"text":"this","start":9065.91,"end":9066.121},{"text":"can","start":9066.25,"end":9066.46},{"text":"also","start":9066.638,"end":9066.946},{"text":"have","start":9066.962,"end":9067.205},{"text":"far-reaching","start":9067.27,"end":9067.914},{"text":"implications","start":9068.366,"end":9069.043},{"text":"for","start":9069.155,"end":9069.268},{"text":"global","start":9069.397,"end":9069.768},{"text":"peace","start":9069.8,"end":9070.074},{"text":"and","start":9070.203,"end":9070.268},{"text":"security,","start":9070.3,"end":9070.945},{"text":"increasing","start":9071.718,"end":9072.105},{"text":"the","start":9072.137,"end":9072.282},{"text":"risk","start":9072.299,"end":9072.782},{"text":"of","start":9073.024,"end":9073.153},{"text":"armed","start":9073.33,"end":9073.524},{"text":"conflict","start":9073.653,"end":9074.249},{"text":"and","start":9074.539,"end":9074.604},{"text":"instability.","start":9074.716,"end":9075.297}]},{"text":"The unlawful restriction on the flows of trade, energy, and critical supplies imposes a cost that we cannot afford.","start":9076.611,"end":9084.503,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9076.611,"end":9076.773},{"text":"unlawful","start":9076.773,"end":9077.404},{"text":"restriction","start":9077.404,"end":9077.954},{"text":"on","start":9078.051,"end":9078.099},{"text":"the","start":9078.131,"end":9078.212},{"text":"flows","start":9078.212,"end":9078.6},{"text":"of","start":9078.714,"end":9078.843},{"text":"trade,","start":9078.94,"end":9079.36},{"text":"energy,","start":9079.749,"end":9080.137},{"text":"and","start":9080.492,"end":9080.557},{"text":"critical","start":9080.654,"end":9080.994},{"text":"supplies","start":9080.994,"end":9081.511},{"text":"imposes","start":9082.029,"end":9082.482},{"text":"a","start":9082.611,"end":9082.627},{"text":"cost","start":9082.74,"end":9083.339},{"text":"that","start":9083.63,"end":9083.791},{"text":"we","start":9083.791,"end":9083.888},{"text":"cannot","start":9083.953,"end":9084.293},{"text":"afford.","start":9084.293,"end":9084.503}]},{"text":"It is therefore in our collective interest to uphold navigational rights and freedoms, to ensure that critical sea lanes remain open, secure, and accessible to all.","start":9085.651,"end":9098.169,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9085.651,"end":9085.732},{"text":"is","start":9085.732,"end":9085.797},{"text":"therefore","start":9085.829,"end":9086.33},{"text":"in","start":9086.864,"end":9086.977},{"text":"our","start":9087.187,"end":9087.365},{"text":"collective","start":9087.365,"end":9087.98},{"text":"interest","start":9088.158,"end":9088.756},{"text":"to","start":9089.063,"end":9089.225},{"text":"uphold","start":9089.225,"end":9089.758},{"text":"navigational","start":9090.017,"end":9090.745},{"text":"rights","start":9090.745,"end":9091.036},{"text":"and","start":9091.084,"end":9091.246},{"text":"freedoms,","start":9091.246,"end":9091.699},{"text":"to","start":9092.313,"end":9092.443},{"text":"ensure","start":9092.443,"end":9092.96},{"text":"that","start":9093.51,"end":9093.623},{"text":"critical","start":9093.64,"end":9094.01},{"text":"sea","start":9094.01,"end":9094.317},{"text":"lanes","start":9094.317,"end":9094.607},{"text":"remain","start":9094.865,"end":9095.123},{"text":"open,","start":9095.268,"end":9095.574},{"text":"secure,","start":9096.025,"end":9096.638},{"text":"and","start":9097.138,"end":9097.202},{"text":"accessible","start":9097.218,"end":9097.782},{"text":"to","start":9097.782,"end":9098.024},{"text":"all.","start":9098.024,"end":9098.169}]},{"text":"The Strait of Hormuz is a strait used for international navigation, through which the right of transit passage applies under UNCLOS.","start":9099.636,"end":9108.394,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9099.636,"end":9099.733},{"text":"Strait","start":9099.733,"end":9100.039},{"text":"of","start":9100.039,"end":9100.168},{"text":"Hormuz","start":9100.184,"end":9100.491},{"text":"is","start":9100.603,"end":9100.652},{"text":"a","start":9100.765,"end":9100.781},{"text":"strait","start":9100.813,"end":9101.135},{"text":"used","start":9101.393,"end":9101.683},{"text":"for","start":9101.986,"end":9102.115},{"text":"international","start":9102.243,"end":9102.934},{"text":"navigation,","start":9102.966,"end":9103.496},{"text":"through","start":9104.475,"end":9104.652},{"text":"which","start":9104.732,"end":9105.054},{"text":"the","start":9105.294,"end":9105.375},{"text":"right","start":9105.439,"end":9105.6},{"text":"of","start":9105.776,"end":9105.905},{"text":"transit","start":9105.921,"end":9106.338},{"text":"passage","start":9106.419,"end":9106.788},{"text":"applies","start":9106.997,"end":9107.43},{"text":"under","start":9107.768,"end":9108.009},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":9108.025,"end":9108.394}]},{"text":"This right is also applicable as customary international law, which binds all states even if they are not parties to UNCLOS.","start":9109.791,"end":9119.797,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9109.791,"end":9110.032},{"text":"right","start":9110.032,"end":9110.225},{"text":"is","start":9110.899,"end":9110.964},{"text":"also","start":9111.14,"end":9111.445},{"text":"applicable","start":9111.478,"end":9111.991},{"text":"as","start":9112.281,"end":9112.329},{"text":"customary","start":9112.521,"end":9113.051},{"text":"international","start":9113.164,"end":9113.806},{"text":"law,","start":9113.806,"end":9113.903},{"text":"which","start":9114.77,"end":9114.898},{"text":"binds","start":9115.011,"end":9115.38},{"text":"all","start":9115.878,"end":9115.926},{"text":"states","start":9116.071,"end":9116.504},{"text":"even","start":9117.243,"end":9117.5},{"text":"if","start":9117.5,"end":9117.612},{"text":"they","start":9118.046,"end":9118.142},{"text":"are","start":9118.142,"end":9118.239},{"text":"not","start":9118.239,"end":9118.351},{"text":"parties","start":9118.528,"end":9118.913},{"text":"to","start":9119.251,"end":9119.331},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":9119.411,"end":9119.797}]},{"text":"We therefore call on all concerned parties to uphold and respect the right of transit passage comply with all other applicable obligations under international law, restore safe, continuous and unimpeded transit passage in the Strait of Hormuz, and ensure the safety of seafarers and ships.","start":9120.792,"end":9143.482,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9120.792,"end":9120.889},{"text":"therefore","start":9121.017,"end":9121.403},{"text":"call","start":9121.419,"end":9121.643},{"text":"on","start":9122.463,"end":9122.607},{"text":"all","start":9122.784,"end":9122.912},{"text":"concerned","start":9123.266,"end":9123.731},{"text":"parties","start":9123.828,"end":9124.293},{"text":"to","start":9124.968,"end":9125.112},{"text":"uphold","start":9125.112,"end":9125.498},{"text":"and","start":9125.851,"end":9125.915},{"text":"respect","start":9125.931,"end":9126.429},{"text":"the","start":9126.815,"end":9126.943},{"text":"right","start":9126.959,"end":9127.361},{"text":"of","start":9127.441,"end":9127.505},{"text":"transit","start":9127.537,"end":9127.955},{"text":"passage","start":9128.019,"end":9128.389},{"text":"comply","start":9129.047,"end":9129.481},{"text":"with","start":9129.689,"end":9129.914},{"text":"all","start":9130.171,"end":9130.219},{"text":"other","start":9130.813,"end":9131.118},{"text":"applicable","start":9131.15,"end":9131.68},{"text":"obligations","start":9131.728,"end":9132.451},{"text":"under","start":9132.595,"end":9132.804},{"text":"international","start":9132.836,"end":9133.382},{"text":"law,","start":9133.382,"end":9133.479},{"text":"restore","start":9134.281,"end":9134.699},{"text":"safe,","start":9134.699,"end":9135.181},{"text":"continuous","start":9135.405,"end":9136.064},{"text":"and","start":9136.289,"end":9136.353},{"text":"unimpeded","start":9136.594,"end":9137.3},{"text":"transit","start":9137.718,"end":9138.135},{"text":"passage","start":9138.135,"end":9138.504},{"text":"in","start":9138.633,"end":9138.697},{"text":"the","start":9138.697,"end":9138.777},{"text":"Strait","start":9138.777,"end":9139.034},{"text":"of","start":9139.034,"end":9139.114},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":9139.179,"end":9139.548},{"text":"and","start":9140.222,"end":9140.287},{"text":"ensure","start":9140.303,"end":9140.64},{"text":"the","start":9141.346,"end":9141.427},{"text":"safety","start":9141.427,"end":9141.876},{"text":"of","start":9141.924,"end":9142.037},{"text":"seafarers","start":9142.053,"end":9142.679},{"text":"and","start":9143.032,"end":9143.097},{"text":"ships.","start":9143.113,"end":9143.482}]},{"text":"International law, and UNCLOS in particular, already provides a comprehensive framework to strengthen maritime safety and security What is required is the resolve of all states to uphold and apply it.","start":9144.959,"end":9160.727,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":9144.959,"end":9145.521},{"text":"law,","start":9145.521,"end":9145.601},{"text":"and","start":9146.324,"end":9146.388},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":9146.549,"end":9146.854},{"text":"in","start":9146.95,"end":9147.014},{"text":"particular,","start":9147.046,"end":9147.657},{"text":"already","start":9148.235,"end":9148.54},{"text":"provides","start":9148.572,"end":9149.102},{"text":"a","start":9149.359,"end":9149.439},{"text":"comprehensive","start":9149.439,"end":9150.113},{"text":"framework","start":9150.113,"end":9150.772},{"text":"to","start":9151.221,"end":9151.317},{"text":"strengthen","start":9151.317,"end":9151.912},{"text":"maritime","start":9152.329,"end":9152.666},{"text":"safety","start":9152.666,"end":9153.148},{"text":"and","start":9153.228,"end":9153.341},{"text":"security","start":9153.373,"end":9153.999},{"text":"What","start":9154.978,"end":9155.268},{"text":"is","start":9155.557,"end":9155.605},{"text":"required","start":9155.717,"end":9156.327},{"text":"is","start":9157.066,"end":9157.13},{"text":"the","start":9157.162,"end":9157.307},{"text":"resolve","start":9157.323,"end":9157.901},{"text":"of","start":9158.126,"end":9158.254},{"text":"all","start":9158.592,"end":9158.64},{"text":"states","start":9158.704,"end":9159.105},{"text":"to","start":9159.33,"end":9159.475},{"text":"uphold","start":9159.475,"end":9160.021},{"text":"and","start":9160.213,"end":9160.278},{"text":"apply","start":9160.31,"end":9160.647},{"text":"it.","start":9160.679,"end":9160.727}]},{"text":"Mr. President, allow me to offer some additional perspectives in my national capacity, Singapore.","start":9162.06,"end":9168.997,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9162.06,"end":9162.237},{"text":"President,","start":9162.301,"end":9162.783},{"text":"allow","start":9163.345,"end":9163.521},{"text":"me","start":9163.666,"end":9163.762},{"text":"to","start":9163.971,"end":9164.084},{"text":"offer","start":9164.132,"end":9164.373},{"text":"some","start":9164.405,"end":9164.886},{"text":"additional","start":9164.951,"end":9165.561},{"text":"perspectives","start":9165.577,"end":9166.123},{"text":"in","start":9166.878,"end":9166.958},{"text":"my","start":9166.958,"end":9167.151},{"text":"national","start":9167.199,"end":9167.6},{"text":"capacity,","start":9167.6,"end":9168.162},{"text":"Singapore.","start":9168.323,"end":9168.997}]},{"text":"Singapore aligns itself with the statement to be made by the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN.","start":9170.073,"end":9174.955,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":9170.073,"end":9170.507},{"text":"aligns","start":9170.507,"end":9170.828},{"text":"itself","start":9170.828,"end":9171.374},{"text":"with","start":9171.519,"end":9171.615},{"text":"the","start":9171.615,"end":9171.695},{"text":"statement","start":9171.695,"end":9172.257},{"text":"to","start":9172.257,"end":9172.338},{"text":"be","start":9172.338,"end":9172.434},{"text":"made","start":9172.434,"end":9172.707},{"text":"by","start":9172.9,"end":9173.06},{"text":"the","start":9173.06,"end":9173.092},{"text":"Philippines","start":9173.14,"end":9173.719},{"text":"on","start":9173.927,"end":9174.008},{"text":"behalf","start":9174.024,"end":9174.425},{"text":"of","start":9174.425,"end":9174.554},{"text":"ASEAN.","start":9174.586,"end":9174.955}]},{"text":"As a small island developing state whose lifeline runs through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, another critical maritime artery for the world economy, Singapore takes a clear and categorical position.","start":9175.87,"end":9189.519,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9175.87,"end":9175.967},{"text":"a","start":9176.015,"end":9176.031},{"text":"small","start":9176.031,"end":9176.304},{"text":"island","start":9176.577,"end":9176.962},{"text":"developing","start":9177.139,"end":9177.605},{"text":"state","start":9177.621,"end":9177.829},{"text":"whose","start":9178.279,"end":9178.488},{"text":"lifeline","start":9178.584,"end":9178.97},{"text":"runs","start":9179.066,"end":9179.291},{"text":"through","start":9179.548,"end":9179.676},{"text":"the","start":9179.965,"end":9180.062},{"text":"Straits","start":9180.062,"end":9180.383},{"text":"of","start":9180.383,"end":9180.447},{"text":"Malacca","start":9180.447,"end":9180.993},{"text":"and","start":9180.993,"end":9181.073},{"text":"Singapore,","start":9181.073,"end":9181.651},{"text":"another","start":9182.137,"end":9182.509},{"text":"critical","start":9182.525,"end":9183.027},{"text":"maritime","start":9183.027,"end":9183.383},{"text":"artery","start":9183.578,"end":9183.885},{"text":"for","start":9183.918,"end":9184.063},{"text":"the","start":9184.063,"end":9184.16},{"text":"world","start":9184.225,"end":9184.468},{"text":"economy,","start":9184.468,"end":9184.857},{"text":"Singapore","start":9185.699,"end":9186.346},{"text":"takes","start":9186.346,"end":9186.783},{"text":"a","start":9186.848,"end":9186.864},{"text":"clear","start":9187.059,"end":9187.269},{"text":"and","start":9187.868,"end":9188.014},{"text":"categorical","start":9188.046,"end":9188.823},{"text":"position.","start":9189.082,"end":9189.519}]},{"text":"Transit passage in the Straits used for international navigation is a right under international law and not a discretionary privilege that can be paid for or negotiated.","start":9190.928,"end":9203.021,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Transit","start":9190.928,"end":9191.268},{"text":"passage","start":9191.268,"end":9191.445},{"text":"in","start":9191.559,"end":9191.623},{"text":"the","start":9191.623,"end":9191.704},{"text":"Straits","start":9191.704,"end":9192.124},{"text":"used","start":9192.189,"end":9192.496},{"text":"for","start":9192.609,"end":9192.836},{"text":"international","start":9192.836,"end":9193.272},{"text":"navigation","start":9193.289,"end":9193.871},{"text":"is","start":9194.55,"end":9194.598},{"text":"a","start":9194.695,"end":9194.776},{"text":"right","start":9194.857,"end":9195.132},{"text":"under","start":9195.504,"end":9195.811},{"text":"international","start":9195.843,"end":9196.474},{"text":"law","start":9196.474,"end":9196.522},{"text":"and","start":9197.298,"end":9197.363},{"text":"not","start":9197.541,"end":9197.816},{"text":"a","start":9198.511,"end":9198.527},{"text":"discretionary","start":9198.592,"end":9199.287},{"text":"privilege","start":9199.788,"end":9200.144},{"text":"that","start":9200.241,"end":9200.533},{"text":"can","start":9200.533,"end":9200.748},{"text":"be","start":9200.782,"end":9201.03},{"text":"paid","start":9201.03,"end":9201.246},{"text":"for","start":9201.279,"end":9201.628},{"text":"or","start":9202.258,"end":9202.291},{"text":"negotiated.","start":9202.291,"end":9203.021}]},{"text":"Any erosion of international law in one region of the world inevitably sets a dangerous precedent for all others.","start":9204.476,"end":9213.771,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":9204.476,"end":9204.574},{"text":"erosion","start":9204.574,"end":9205.178},{"text":"of","start":9205.717,"end":9205.847},{"text":"international","start":9205.88,"end":9206.5},{"text":"law","start":9206.533,"end":9206.647},{"text":"in","start":9207.023,"end":9207.153},{"text":"one","start":9207.268,"end":9207.48},{"text":"region","start":9207.578,"end":9207.806},{"text":"of","start":9207.904,"end":9207.97},{"text":"the","start":9208.002,"end":9208.084},{"text":"world","start":9208.231,"end":9208.46},{"text":"inevitably","start":9209.233,"end":9209.955},{"text":"sets","start":9210.372,"end":9210.949},{"text":"a","start":9211.238,"end":9211.254},{"text":"dangerous","start":9211.398,"end":9211.911},{"text":"precedent","start":9211.943,"end":9212.36},{"text":"for","start":9212.986,"end":9213.194},{"text":"all","start":9213.306,"end":9213.354},{"text":"others.","start":9213.547,"end":9213.771}]},{"text":"The stakes are not theoretical.","start":9215.167,"end":9217.412,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9215.167,"end":9215.263},{"text":"stakes","start":9215.263,"end":9215.888},{"text":"are","start":9216.113,"end":9216.145},{"text":"not","start":9216.145,"end":9216.401},{"text":"theoretical.","start":9216.754,"end":9217.412}]},{"text":"The Straits of Malacca and Singapore carries about 23.2 million barrels of oil per day, exceeding the 20.9 million barrels per day that used to flow through the Strait of Hormuz.","start":9218.454,"end":9231.813,"topics":[{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9218.454,"end":9218.534},{"text":"Straits","start":9218.534,"end":9218.951},{"text":"of","start":9219.08,"end":9219.176},{"text":"Malacca","start":9219.176,"end":9219.641},{"text":"and","start":9219.641,"end":9219.737},{"text":"Singapore","start":9219.737,"end":9220.218},{"text":"carries","start":9220.218,"end":9220.507},{"text":"about","start":9220.619,"end":9220.892},{"text":"23.2","start":9221.646,"end":9222.72},{"text":"million","start":9222.784,"end":9223.217},{"text":"barrels","start":9223.586,"end":9223.955},{"text":"of","start":9224.003,"end":9224.195},{"text":"oil","start":9224.292,"end":9224.5},{"text":"per","start":9224.548,"end":9224.644},{"text":"day,","start":9224.693,"end":9224.821},{"text":"exceeding","start":9225.911,"end":9226.425},{"text":"the","start":9226.777,"end":9226.874},{"text":"20.9","start":9226.874,"end":9227.724},{"text":"million","start":9227.756,"end":9228.044},{"text":"barrels","start":9228.157,"end":9228.493},{"text":"per","start":9228.558,"end":9228.622},{"text":"day","start":9228.638,"end":9228.798},{"text":"that","start":9228.798,"end":9229.007},{"text":"used","start":9229.103,"end":9229.857},{"text":"to","start":9229.857,"end":9229.969},{"text":"flow","start":9229.985,"end":9230.241},{"text":"through","start":9230.386,"end":9230.498},{"text":"the","start":9230.947,"end":9231.027},{"text":"Strait","start":9231.027,"end":9231.3},{"text":"of","start":9231.3,"end":9231.412},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":9231.428,"end":9231.813}]},{"text":"At its narrowest point, The Straits of Malacca and Singapore stretches only 2 nautical miles in width.","start":9233.192,"end":9239.838,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":9233.192,"end":9233.304},{"text":"its","start":9233.304,"end":9233.513},{"text":"narrowest","start":9233.513,"end":9234.074},{"text":"point,","start":9234.09,"end":9234.571},{"text":"The","start":9234.733,"end":9234.83},{"text":"Straits","start":9234.83,"end":9235.217},{"text":"of","start":9235.217,"end":9235.25},{"text":"Malacca","start":9235.25,"end":9235.654},{"text":"and","start":9235.702,"end":9235.864},{"text":"Singapore","start":9235.864,"end":9236.381},{"text":"stretches","start":9236.429,"end":9236.849},{"text":"only","start":9237.059,"end":9237.366},{"text":"2","start":9237.544,"end":9238.578},{"text":"nautical","start":9238.61,"end":9239.079},{"text":"miles","start":9239.079,"end":9239.386},{"text":"in","start":9239.418,"end":9239.547},{"text":"width.","start":9239.564,"end":9239.838}]},{"text":"If the right of transit passage is not upheld, international navigation in the Straits could be completely disrupted.","start":9241.034,"end":9248.6,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":9241.034,"end":9241.115},{"text":"the","start":9241.115,"end":9241.26},{"text":"right","start":9241.26,"end":9241.518},{"text":"of","start":9241.518,"end":9241.599},{"text":"transit","start":9241.599,"end":9241.987},{"text":"passage","start":9242.003,"end":9242.375},{"text":"is","start":9242.488,"end":9242.536},{"text":"not","start":9242.649,"end":9242.843},{"text":"upheld,","start":9242.876,"end":9243.458},{"text":"international","start":9244.331,"end":9244.994},{"text":"navigation","start":9244.994,"end":9245.609},{"text":"in","start":9245.722,"end":9245.77},{"text":"the","start":9245.803,"end":9245.883},{"text":"Straits","start":9245.883,"end":9246.401},{"text":"could","start":9246.611,"end":9247.032},{"text":"be","start":9247.161,"end":9247.323},{"text":"completely","start":9247.323,"end":9247.953},{"text":"disrupted.","start":9248.066,"end":9248.6}]},{"text":"For Singapore and the world, the transit passage regime in UNCLOS is not an abstract question of legal doctrine, but one with real implications for global economic security and international stability.","start":9250.36,"end":9265.118,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9250.36,"end":9250.472},{"text":"Singapore","start":9250.472,"end":9251.051},{"text":"and","start":9251.115,"end":9251.179},{"text":"the","start":9251.195,"end":9251.324},{"text":"world,","start":9251.34,"end":9251.485},{"text":"the","start":9251.999,"end":9252.24},{"text":"transit","start":9252.24,"end":9252.706},{"text":"passage","start":9252.706,"end":9253.011},{"text":"regime","start":9253.108,"end":9253.493},{"text":"in","start":9253.622,"end":9253.734},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":9253.847,"end":9254.217},{"text":"is","start":9254.49,"end":9254.57},{"text":"not","start":9254.731,"end":9255.149},{"text":"an","start":9255.535,"end":9255.583},{"text":"abstract","start":9255.631,"end":9256.049},{"text":"question","start":9256.097,"end":9256.611},{"text":"of","start":9257.077,"end":9257.206},{"text":"legal","start":9257.286,"end":9257.543},{"text":"doctrine,","start":9257.543,"end":9257.993},{"text":"but","start":9258.668,"end":9258.877},{"text":"one","start":9258.974,"end":9259.199},{"text":"with","start":9259.714,"end":9259.951},{"text":"real","start":9259.967,"end":9260.187},{"text":"implications","start":9260.255,"end":9260.795},{"text":"for","start":9261.08,"end":9261.16},{"text":"global","start":9261.336,"end":9261.688},{"text":"economic","start":9261.688,"end":9262.137},{"text":"security","start":9262.137,"end":9262.714},{"text":"and","start":9263.419,"end":9263.499},{"text":"international","start":9263.595,"end":9264.284},{"text":"stability.","start":9264.477,"end":9265.118}]},{"text":"It is for this reason that Singapore strongly supported the Declaration adopted by the International Maritime Organization Council on 19 March 2026, which reaffirms that the exercise of navigational rights and freedoms by merchant and commercial vessels in accordance with international law must be respected.","start":9266.4,"end":9287.519,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9357.475,"end":9357.571},{"text":"cooperative","start":9357.571,"end":9358.02},{"text":"mechanism","start":9358.02,"end":9358.661},{"text":"reflects","start":9358.918,"end":9359.399},{"text":"the","start":9359.399,"end":9359.495},{"text":"commitment","start":9359.495,"end":9360.137},{"text":"of","start":9360.217,"end":9360.313},{"text":"the","start":9360.313,"end":9360.393},{"text":"three","start":9360.441,"end":9360.778},{"text":"littoral","start":9360.842,"end":9361.115},{"text":"states","start":9361.115,"end":9361.628},{"text":"to","start":9361.676,"end":9361.804},{"text":"abide","start":9361.82,"end":9362.109},{"text":"by","start":9362.702,"end":9362.927},{"text":"international","start":9362.943,"end":9363.488},{"text":"law,","start":9363.488,"end":9363.584},{"text":"including","start":9363.825,"end":9364.354},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":9364.45,"end":9364.835},{"text":"and","start":9365.348,"end":9365.477},{"text":"to","start":9365.509,"end":9365.637},{"text":"work","start":9365.814,"end":9365.99},{"text":"together","start":9366.07,"end":9366.535},{"text":"in","start":9366.952,"end":9367},{"text":"consensus","start":9367.032,"end":9367.786},{"text":"on","start":9367.995,"end":9368.043},{"text":"the","start":9368.075,"end":9368.171},{"text":"effective","start":9368.171,"end":9368.653},{"text":"management","start":9368.653,"end":9369.246},{"text":"of","start":9369.599,"end":9369.679},{"text":"the","start":9369.679,"end":9369.776},{"text":"Straits.","start":9369.776,"end":9370.161}]},{"text":"Singapore will continue to contribute to the efforts of the international community to uphold a free and open Strait of Hormuz, support the shipping industry, and ensure the safety of all seafarers.","start":9371.364,"end":9383.925,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":9371.364,"end":9372.086},{"text":"will","start":9372.086,"end":9372.182},{"text":"continue","start":9372.23,"end":9372.711},{"text":"to","start":9373.209,"end":9373.289},{"text":"contribute","start":9373.289,"end":9373.834},{"text":"to","start":9373.834,"end":9373.866},{"text":"the","start":9373.866,"end":9374.011},{"text":"efforts","start":9374.011,"end":9374.476},{"text":"of","start":9374.492,"end":9374.588},{"text":"the","start":9374.636,"end":9374.797},{"text":"international","start":9374.797,"end":9375.455},{"text":"community","start":9375.455,"end":9376.016},{"text":"to","start":9376.08,"end":9376.144},{"text":"uphold","start":9376.177,"end":9376.658},{"text":"a","start":9377.3,"end":9377.316},{"text":"free","start":9377.364,"end":9377.717},{"text":"and","start":9377.781,"end":9377.861},{"text":"open","start":9377.861,"end":9378.118},{"text":"Strait","start":9378.118,"end":9378.406},{"text":"of","start":9378.406,"end":9378.503},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":9378.503,"end":9378.872},{"text":"support","start":9379.401,"end":9380.011},{"text":"the","start":9380.011,"end":9380.075},{"text":"shipping","start":9380.091,"end":9380.428},{"text":"industry,","start":9380.428,"end":9380.797},{"text":"and","start":9381.39,"end":9381.454},{"text":"ensure","start":9381.487,"end":9381.952},{"text":"the","start":9381.952,"end":9382.048},{"text":"safety","start":9382.048,"end":9382.481},{"text":"of","start":9382.995,"end":9383.123},{"text":"all","start":9383.219,"end":9383.331},{"text":"seafarers.","start":9383.331,"end":9383.925}]},{"text":"Ultimately, we hope for a diplomatic solution to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, which will bring lasting peace peace and stability to our global commons.","start":9385.24,"end":9395.961,"topics":[{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe 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Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":9418.94,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=9419","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Dr. Abdel Latif, at the outset of my statement, I would like to express my gratitude to Your Excellency for convening this open debate at this critical 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congratulate the sisterly Kingdom of Bahrain for its distinguished efforts as President of the Council during 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Secretary-General, Mr. Antonio Guterres, and His Excellency the Secretary-General of the IMF, Arsenio Domínguez, as well as Mr. Nick Childs for their valuable briefings.","start":9441.797,"end":9453.608,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9441.797,"end":9441.91},{"text":"also","start":9442.023,"end":9442.282},{"text":"thank","start":9442.282,"end":9442.588},{"text":"His","start":9442.588,"end":9442.701},{"text":"Excellency","start":9442.766,"end":9443.299},{"text":"the","start":9443.412,"end":9443.559},{"text":"UN","start":9443.559,"end":9443.934},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":9443.999,"end":9444.96},{"text":"Mr.","start":9445.025,"end":9445.188},{"text":"Antonio","start":9445.27,"end":9445.596},{"text":"Guterres,","start":9445.596,"end":9446.15},{"text":"and","start":9446.182,"end":9446.247},{"text":"His","start":9446.329,"end":9446.475},{"text":"Excellency","start":9446.573,"end":9447.062},{"text":"the","start":9447.078,"end":9447.16},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":9447.16,"end":9448.072},{"text":"of","start":9448.137,"end":9448.219},{"text":"the","start":9448.219,"end":9448.284},{"text":"IMF,","start":9448.284,"end":9448.349},{"text":"Arsenio","start":9448.382,"end":9448.496},{"text":"Domínguez,","start":9448.496,"end":9448.838},{"text":"as","start":9450.352,"end":9450.4},{"text":"well","start":9450.512,"end":9450.689},{"text":"as","start":9450.753,"end":9450.833},{"text":"Mr.","start":9450.849,"end":9451.106},{"text":"Nick","start":9451.154,"end":9451.459},{"text":"Childs","start":9451.459,"end":9451.844},{"text":"for","start":9451.94,"end":9452.068},{"text":"their","start":9452.116,"end":9452.389},{"text":"valuable","start":9452.421,"end":9453.014},{"text":"briefings.","start":9453.078,"end":9453.608}]},{"text":"Mr. President, in recent years, this council has taken significant steps to address a number of developments threatening maritime security, perhaps most notably the efforts it recently made in the context of the vicious Iranian attacks against the Gulf States and Jordan, as well as the threats from the Islamic Republic of Iran's deliberate obstruction of international navigation through the Strait of Hormuz.","start":9454.361,"end":9481.719,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. 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Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9482.247,"end":9482.392},{"text":"efforts","start":9482.52,"end":9482.904},{"text":"were","start":9482.904,"end":9483.049},{"text":"manifested","start":9483.049,"end":9483.834},{"text":"through","start":9483.85,"end":9483.994},{"text":"the","start":9484.09,"end":9484.186},{"text":"Council's","start":9484.186,"end":9484.667},{"text":"adoption","start":9484.667,"end":9485.196},{"text":"of","start":9485.212,"end":9485.292},{"text":"Resolution","start":9485.308,"end":9485.757},{"text":"2817,","start":9485.853,"end":9486.943},{"text":"which","start":9487.055,"end":9487.119},{"text":"condemned","start":9487.231,"end":9487.68},{"text":"any","start":9487.792,"end":9487.968},{"text":"measures","start":9487.968,"end":9488.401},{"text":"or","start":9488.433,"end":9488.545},{"text":"threats","start":9488.593,"end":9489.154},{"text":"by","start":9489.555,"end":9489.667},{"text":"Iran","start":9489.939,"end":9490.244},{"text":"aimed","start":9490.821,"end":9491.061},{"text":"at","start":9491.061,"end":9491.221},{"text":"closing,","start":9491.221,"end":9491.686},{"text":"obstructing,","start":9491.862,"end":9492.487},{"text":"or","start":9492.679,"end":9492.776},{"text":"interfering","start":9492.824,"end":9493.433},{"text":"with","start":9493.481,"end":9493.641},{"text":"international","start":9493.641,"end":9494.25},{"text":"navigation","start":9494.266,"end":9494.971},{"text":"through","start":9495.003,"end":9495.259},{"text":"the","start":9495.259,"end":9495.404},{"text":"Strait","start":9495.404,"end":9495.74},{"text":"of","start":9495.74,"end":9495.868},{"text":"Hormuz","start":9495.868,"end":9496.333},{"text":"and","start":9496.766,"end":9496.83},{"text":"called","start":9496.926,"end":9497.375},{"text":"on","start":9497.471,"end":9497.599},{"text":"Iran","start":9497.791,"end":9498.048},{"text":"to","start":9498.048,"end":9498.128},{"text":"immediately","start":9498.128,"end":9498.737},{"text":"refrain","start":9498.769,"end":9499.217},{"text":"from","start":9499.249,"end":9499.394},{"text":"such","start":9499.474,"end":9499.778},{"text":"measures","start":9499.778,"end":9500.099},{"text":"and","start":9500.275,"end":9500.371},{"text":"threats,","start":9500.371,"end":9500.772},{"text":"emphasizing","start":9500.852,"end":9501.461},{"text":"that","start":9501.573,"end":9501.701},{"text":"Iran's","start":9501.813,"end":9502.15},{"text":"obstruction","start":9502.198,"end":9502.807},{"text":"of","start":9502.919,"end":9502.983},{"text":"transit","start":9503.015,"end":9503.432},{"text":"passage","start":9503.496,"end":9503.961},{"text":"or","start":9503.961,"end":9504.009},{"text":"freedom","start":9504.057,"end":9504.409},{"text":"of","start":9504.457,"end":9504.585},{"text":"navigation","start":9504.618,"end":9505.259},{"text":"in","start":9505.803,"end":9505.851},{"text":"the","start":9505.98,"end":9506.06},{"text":"Strait","start":9506.06,"end":9506.46},{"text":"of","start":9506.46,"end":9506.556},{"text":"Hormuz","start":9506.605,"end":9507.069},{"text":"is","start":9507.361,"end":9507.492},{"text":"a","start":9507.492,"end":9507.508},{"text":"serious","start":9507.525,"end":9508.164},{"text":"threat","start":9508.164,"end":9508.492},{"text":"to","start":9508.492,"end":9508.574},{"text":"international","start":9508.574,"end":9509.148},{"text":"peace","start":9509.296,"end":9509.64},{"text":"and","start":9509.64,"end":9509.706},{"text":"security.","start":9509.722,"end":9510.345}]},{"text":"Similarly, recent resolutions issued by the Council of the International Monetary Fund, its Legal Committee, and the UN Human Rights Council regarding Iran's actions in the Strait once again reflect the international community's unified position in demanding that Iran cease its unlawful actions in and around the Strait of Hormuz, and to ensure that the Strait remains open and that transit passage through it remains unrestricted in accordance with international law.","start":9512.27,"end":9544.733,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":9512.27,"end":9512.61},{"text":"recent","start":9512.627,"end":9513.098},{"text":"resolutions","start":9513.098,"end":9513.78},{"text":"issued","start":9513.909,"end":9514.299},{"text":"by","start":9514.397,"end":9514.608},{"text":"the","start":9514.803,"end":9515.014},{"text":"Council","start":9515.046,"end":9515.403},{"text":"of","start":9515.452,"end":9515.485},{"text":"the","start":9515.485,"end":9515.549},{"text":"International","start":9515.549,"end":9516.15},{"text":"Monetary","start":9516.15,"end":9516.524},{"text":"Fund,","start":9516.524,"end":9516.897},{"text":"its","start":9517.401,"end":9517.53},{"text":"Legal","start":9517.66,"end":9518.001},{"text":"Committee,","start":9518.066,"end":9518.521},{"text":"and","start":9519.105,"end":9519.203},{"text":"the","start":9519.203,"end":9519.365},{"text":"UN","start":9519.43,"end":9519.723},{"text":"Human","start":9519.836,"end":9520.064},{"text":"Rights","start":9520.177,"end":9520.486},{"text":"Council","start":9520.486,"end":9521.23},{"text":"regarding","start":9522.038,"end":9522.539},{"text":"Iran's","start":9522.62,"end":9523.073},{"text":"actions","start":9523.154,"end":9523.59},{"text":"in","start":9523.655,"end":9523.704},{"text":"the","start":9523.817,"end":9523.898},{"text":"Strait","start":9523.898,"end":9524.625},{"text":"once","start":9525.256,"end":9525.596},{"text":"again","start":9525.596,"end":9525.806},{"text":"reflect","start":9525.984,"end":9526.485},{"text":"the","start":9526.485,"end":9526.566},{"text":"international","start":9526.582,"end":9527.294},{"text":"community's","start":9527.294,"end":9527.924},{"text":"unified","start":9527.924,"end":9528.555},{"text":"position","start":9528.587,"end":9529.186},{"text":"in","start":9529.396,"end":9529.444},{"text":"demanding","start":9529.477,"end":9530.027},{"text":"that","start":9530.027,"end":9530.141},{"text":"Iran","start":9530.271,"end":9530.483},{"text":"cease","start":9530.597,"end":9531.069},{"text":"its","start":9531.102,"end":9531.281},{"text":"unlawful","start":9531.574,"end":9532.257},{"text":"actions","start":9532.469,"end":9532.86},{"text":"in","start":9533.12,"end":9533.185},{"text":"and","start":9533.736,"end":9533.8},{"text":"around","start":9533.928,"end":9534.249},{"text":"the","start":9534.297,"end":9534.377},{"text":"Strait","start":9534.377,"end":9534.65},{"text":"of","start":9534.65,"end":9534.794},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":9534.794,"end":9535.243},{"text":"and","start":9535.836,"end":9535.9},{"text":"to","start":9535.996,"end":9536.06},{"text":"ensure","start":9536.077,"end":9536.413},{"text":"that","start":9536.461,"end":9536.606},{"text":"the","start":9536.638,"end":9536.718},{"text":"Strait","start":9536.718,"end":9537.183},{"text":"remains","start":9537.183,"end":9537.567},{"text":"open","start":9537.744,"end":9538.032},{"text":"and","start":9538.305,"end":9538.369},{"text":"that","start":9538.481,"end":9538.93},{"text":"transit","start":9539.427,"end":9539.924},{"text":"passage","start":9540.004,"end":9540.501},{"text":"through","start":9540.581,"end":9540.822},{"text":"it","start":9541.03,"end":9541.094},{"text":"remains","start":9541.591,"end":9542.024},{"text":"unrestricted","start":9542.152,"end":9542.874},{"text":"in","start":9542.97,"end":9543.05},{"text":"accordance","start":9543.05,"end":9543.611},{"text":"with","start":9543.611,"end":9543.771},{"text":"international","start":9543.771,"end":9544.653},{"text":"law.","start":9544.653,"end":9544.733}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, Iran continues to prevent freedom of navigation through the Strait in flagrant defiance of these resolutions, particularly UN Security Council's binding Resolution 2817, by imposing illegal fees on transiting vessels, unlawfully obstructing navigation through attacks, threats, and mine laying, in addition to impeding the right of transit passage and practicing discrimination in form and substance against foreign vessels in clear violation of international law, as well as seeking to entrench its permanent control over navigation through through the Strait of Hormuz.","start":9545.439,"end":9587.392,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. 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Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9614.357,"end":9614.501},{"text":"consequences","start":9614.501,"end":9615.128},{"text":"of","start":9615.224,"end":9615.272},{"text":"its","start":9615.336,"end":9615.545},{"text":"closure","start":9615.545,"end":9616.091},{"text":"have","start":9616.107,"end":9616.348},{"text":"already","start":9616.428,"end":9616.749},{"text":"begun","start":9616.749,"end":9616.974},{"text":"to","start":9617.006,"end":9617.151},{"text":"manifest","start":9617.151,"end":9617.713},{"text":"globally","start":9617.713,"end":9618.258},{"text":"and","start":9618.451,"end":9618.515},{"text":"will","start":9618.756,"end":9618.949},{"text":"be","start":9619.013,"end":9619.158},{"text":"profound","start":9619.158,"end":9619.655},{"text":"and","start":9619.72,"end":9619.784},{"text":"far-reaching,","start":9619.816,"end":9620.587},{"text":"impacting","start":9621.02,"end":9621.55},{"text":"energy","start":9621.727,"end":9622.064},{"text":"security,","start":9622.08,"end":9622.754},{"text":"supply","start":9623.043,"end":9623.461},{"text":"chains,","start":9623.573,"end":9624.039},{"text":"and","start":9624.071,"end":9624.135},{"text":"the","start":9624.151,"end":9624.231},{"text":"security","start":9624.231,"end":9624.793},{"text":"of","start":9624.874,"end":9624.954},{"text":"food","start":9624.954,"end":9625.403},{"text":"and","start":9625.516,"end":9625.58},{"text":"fertilizers","start":9625.596,"end":9626.367},{"text":"essential","start":9626.479,"end":9627.346},{"text":"for","start":9627.426,"end":9627.715},{"text":"agriculture,","start":9628.55,"end":9629.369},{"text":"particularly,","start":9629.433,"end":9630.14},{"text":"particularly","start":9630.397,"end":9631.103},{"text":"in","start":9631.135,"end":9631.183},{"text":"the","start":9631.216,"end":9631.296},{"text":"countries","start":9631.296,"end":9631.761},{"text":"of","start":9631.761,"end":9631.81},{"text":"the","start":9631.858,"end":9631.938},{"text":"Global","start":9632.002,"end":9632.339},{"text":"South,","start":9632.339,"end":9632.741},{"text":"and","start":9632.821,"end":9632.885},{"text":"extremely","start":9632.982,"end":9633.512},{"text":"grave","start":9633.528,"end":9633.768},{"text":"repercussions","start":9633.768,"end":9634.395},{"text":"on","start":9634.427,"end":9634.475},{"text":"the","start":9634.507,"end":9634.571},{"text":"international","start":9634.571,"end":9635.406},{"text":"economy.","start":9635.47,"end":9635.84}]},{"text":"Undoubtedly, allowing Iran to use this international strait as a tool for leverage— and to achieve political gains would undermine the stability and security required by the international order and global trade on which the international community relies.","start":9636.514,"end":9651.74,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. 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The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."}],"words":[{"text":"Undoubtedly,","start":9636.514,"end":9637.237},{"text":"allowing","start":9637.381,"end":9637.766},{"text":"Iran","start":9637.815,"end":9638.087},{"text":"to","start":9638.184,"end":9638.344},{"text":"use","start":9638.344,"end":9638.521},{"text":"this","start":9638.521,"end":9638.682},{"text":"international","start":9638.682,"end":9639.484},{"text":"strait","start":9639.484,"end":9640.03},{"text":"as","start":9640.046,"end":9640.175},{"text":"a","start":9640.207,"end":9640.287},{"text":"tool","start":9640.287,"end":9640.544},{"text":"for","start":9640.544,"end":9640.753},{"text":"leverage—","start":9640.833,"end":9641.54},{"text":"and","start":9641.54,"end":9641.92},{"text":"to","start":9641.92,"end":9642.04},{"text":"achieve","start":9642.04,"end":9642.36},{"text":"political","start":9642.36,"end":9642.86},{"text":"gains","start":9642.86,"end":9643.46},{"text":"would","start":9643.46,"end":9644},{"text":"undermine","start":9644,"end":9644.52},{"text":"the","start":9644.52,"end":9644.7},{"text":"stability","start":9644.7,"end":9645.1},{"text":"and","start":9645.1,"end":9645.28},{"text":"security","start":9645.28,"end":9645.78},{"text":"required","start":9645.78,"end":9646.26},{"text":"by","start":9646.26,"end":9646.72},{"text":"the","start":9646.72,"end":9646.86},{"text":"international","start":9646.86,"end":9647.32},{"text":"order","start":9647.32,"end":9647.72},{"text":"and","start":9647.72,"end":9648},{"text":"global","start":9648,"end":9648.38},{"text":"trade","start":9648.38,"end":9648.86},{"text":"on","start":9648.86,"end":9649.3},{"text":"which","start":9649.3,"end":9649.54},{"text":"the","start":9649.54,"end":9649.74},{"text":"international","start":9649.74,"end":9650.24},{"text":"community","start":9650.24,"end":9650.66},{"text":"relies.","start":9650.66,"end":9651.74}]},{"text":"If Iran is permitted to continue closing the Strait, it would set a dangerous precedent that would erode the freedom of navigation in vital international waterways around the world.","start":9651.74,"end":9662.18,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":9651.74,"end":9651.8},{"text":"Iran","start":9651.8,"end":9652.14},{"text":"is","start":9652.14,"end":9652.3},{"text":"permitted","start":9652.3,"end":9652.7},{"text":"to","start":9652.7,"end":9652.96},{"text":"continue","start":9652.96,"end":9653.48},{"text":"closing","start":9653.48,"end":9653.9},{"text":"the","start":9653.9,"end":9654.1},{"text":"Strait,","start":9654.1,"end":9654.86},{"text":"it","start":9654.86,"end":9654.9},{"text":"would","start":9654.9,"end":9655.12},{"text":"set","start":9655.12,"end":9655.38},{"text":"a","start":9655.38,"end":9655.6},{"text":"dangerous","start":9655.6,"end":9656.02},{"text":"precedent","start":9656.02,"end":9656.62},{"text":"that","start":9656.62,"end":9656.92},{"text":"would","start":9656.92,"end":9657.1},{"text":"erode","start":9657.1,"end":9657.58},{"text":"the","start":9657.58,"end":9657.68},{"text":"freedom","start":9657.68,"end":9657.98},{"text":"of","start":9657.98,"end":9658.16},{"text":"navigation","start":9658.16,"end":9658.68},{"text":"in","start":9658.68,"end":9659.08},{"text":"vital","start":9659.08,"end":9659.48},{"text":"international","start":9659.48,"end":9660.08},{"text":"waterways","start":9660.08,"end":9660.64},{"text":"around","start":9660.64,"end":9661.1},{"text":"the","start":9661.1,"end":9661.34},{"text":"world.","start":9661.34,"end":9662.18}]},{"text":"Iran's actions underscore the need for collective action to achieve a lasting solution that guarantees freedom of navigation and the right of transit passage through the Strait of Hormuz unconditionally and sustainably.","start":9662.18,"end":9675.408,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran's","start":9662.18,"end":9662.66},{"text":"actions","start":9662.66,"end":9663.2},{"text":"underscore","start":9663.2,"end":9663.72},{"text":"the","start":9663.72,"end":9663.98},{"text":"need","start":9663.98,"end":9664.16},{"text":"for","start":9664.16,"end":9664.36},{"text":"collective","start":9664.36,"end":9664.84},{"text":"action","start":9664.84,"end":9665.48},{"text":"to","start":9665.48,"end":9665.84},{"text":"achieve","start":9665.84,"end":9666.22},{"text":"a","start":9666.22,"end":9666.48},{"text":"lasting","start":9666.48,"end":9666.82},{"text":"solution","start":9666.82,"end":9667.38},{"text":"that","start":9667.702,"end":9667.831},{"text":"guarantees","start":9667.863,"end":9668.395},{"text":"freedom","start":9668.572,"end":9668.862},{"text":"of","start":9668.911,"end":9669.008},{"text":"navigation","start":9669.008,"end":9669.669},{"text":"and","start":9670.039,"end":9670.104},{"text":"the","start":9670.12,"end":9670.281},{"text":"right","start":9670.281,"end":9670.62},{"text":"of","start":9670.684,"end":9670.813},{"text":"transit","start":9670.829,"end":9671.216},{"text":"passage","start":9671.313,"end":9671.78},{"text":"through","start":9671.909,"end":9672.216},{"text":"the","start":9672.216,"end":9672.312},{"text":"Strait","start":9672.312,"end":9672.699},{"text":"of","start":9672.699,"end":9672.844},{"text":"Hormuz","start":9672.844,"end":9673.231},{"text":"unconditionally","start":9673.667,"end":9674.44},{"text":"and","start":9674.634,"end":9674.698},{"text":"sustainably.","start":9674.714,"end":9675.408}]},{"text":"Our position regarding the Strait is firmly grounded in international law.","start":9677.41,"end":9681.648,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":9677.41,"end":9677.523},{"text":"position","start":9677.523,"end":9678.057},{"text":"regarding","start":9678.17,"end":9678.607},{"text":"the","start":9678.655,"end":9678.752},{"text":"Strait","start":9678.752,"end":9679.205},{"text":"is","start":9679.222,"end":9679.27},{"text":"firmly","start":9679.367,"end":9679.707},{"text":"grounded","start":9679.707,"end":9680.208},{"text":"in","start":9680.257,"end":9680.305},{"text":"international","start":9680.419,"end":9681.26},{"text":"law.","start":9681.551,"end":9681.648}]},{"text":"The UAE is ready to participate in efforts to ensure that the Strait of Hormuz remains open and preserving freedom of navigation and the right of transit passage.","start":9682.069,"end":9691.785,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9682.069,"end":9682.198},{"text":"UAE","start":9682.215,"end":9682.457},{"text":"is","start":9682.765,"end":9682.813},{"text":"ready","start":9682.926,"end":9683.185},{"text":"to","start":9683.185,"end":9683.266},{"text":"participate","start":9683.266,"end":9683.994},{"text":"in","start":9683.994,"end":9684.043},{"text":"efforts","start":9684.156,"end":9684.722},{"text":"to","start":9684.722,"end":9684.852},{"text":"ensure","start":9684.868,"end":9685.24},{"text":"that","start":9685.353,"end":9685.547},{"text":"the","start":9685.547,"end":9685.628},{"text":"Strait","start":9685.628,"end":9686.081},{"text":"of","start":9686.081,"end":9686.243},{"text":"Hormuz","start":9686.243,"end":9686.389},{"text":"remains","start":9686.566,"end":9686.921},{"text":"open","start":9687.049,"end":9687.355},{"text":"and","start":9687.855,"end":9687.935},{"text":"preserving","start":9687.951,"end":9688.483},{"text":"freedom","start":9689.143,"end":9689.449},{"text":"of","start":9689.482,"end":9689.61},{"text":"navigation","start":9689.627,"end":9690.206},{"text":"and","start":9690.206,"end":9690.303},{"text":"the","start":9690.351,"end":9690.432},{"text":"right","start":9690.448,"end":9690.69},{"text":"of","start":9690.69,"end":9690.786},{"text":"transit","start":9690.835,"end":9691.221},{"text":"passage.","start":9691.253,"end":9691.785}]},{"text":"We call on Iran to fully and immediately comply with Security Council Resolution 2817.","start":9692.059,"end":9696.694,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9692.059,"end":9692.22},{"text":"call","start":9692.22,"end":9692.606},{"text":"on","start":9692.622,"end":9692.671},{"text":"Iran","start":9692.848,"end":9693.073},{"text":"to","start":9693.17,"end":9693.267},{"text":"fully","start":9693.267,"end":9693.557},{"text":"and","start":9693.589,"end":9693.734},{"text":"immediately","start":9693.734,"end":9694.298},{"text":"comply","start":9694.298,"end":9694.668},{"text":"with","start":9694.7,"end":9694.797},{"text":"Security","start":9694.797,"end":9695.264},{"text":"Council","start":9695.264,"end":9695.507},{"text":"Resolution","start":9695.507,"end":9695.92},{"text":"2817.","start":9696.023,"end":9696.694}]},{"text":"We call on Iran to cease all actions and threats against international navigation, particularly transit passage through the Strait of Hormuz.","start":9697.546,"end":9705.872,"topics":[{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9697.546,"end":9697.708},{"text":"call","start":9697.772,"end":9698.176},{"text":"on","start":9698.192,"end":9698.289},{"text":"Iran","start":9698.418,"end":9698.627},{"text":"to","start":9698.676,"end":9698.773},{"text":"cease","start":9698.773,"end":9699.063},{"text":"all","start":9699.144,"end":9699.386},{"text":"actions","start":9699.386,"end":9699.773},{"text":"and","start":9699.805,"end":9699.967},{"text":"threats","start":9699.967,"end":9700.37},{"text":"against","start":9700.37,"end":9700.66},{"text":"international","start":9700.693,"end":9701.338},{"text":"navigation,","start":9701.338,"end":9702.032},{"text":"particularly","start":9702.387,"end":9703.177},{"text":"transit","start":9703.177,"end":9703.661},{"text":"passage","start":9703.661,"end":9704.065},{"text":"through","start":9704.065,"end":9704.371},{"text":"the","start":9704.387,"end":9704.484},{"text":"Strait","start":9704.484,"end":9705.356},{"text":"of","start":9705.356,"end":9705.517},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":9705.517,"end":9705.872}]},{"text":"We urge the Council to adopt a position that safeguards the exercise of these freedoms by states and deters Iran's violations in this regard.","start":9706.243,"end":9714.455,"topics":[{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9706.243,"end":9706.324},{"text":"urge","start":9706.34,"end":9706.55},{"text":"the","start":9706.582,"end":9706.663},{"text":"Council","start":9706.663,"end":9707.149},{"text":"to","start":9707.149,"end":9707.311},{"text":"adopt","start":9707.311,"end":9707.651},{"text":"a","start":9707.651,"end":9707.667},{"text":"position","start":9707.781,"end":9708.25},{"text":"that","start":9708.753,"end":9708.866},{"text":"safeguards","start":9708.866,"end":9709.433},{"text":"the","start":9709.498,"end":9709.579},{"text":"exercise","start":9709.644,"end":9710.113},{"text":"of","start":9710.227,"end":9710.324},{"text":"these","start":9710.324,"end":9710.519},{"text":"freedoms","start":9710.616,"end":9711.053},{"text":"by","start":9711.118,"end":9711.28},{"text":"states","start":9711.28,"end":9711.831},{"text":"and","start":9711.847,"end":9711.912},{"text":"deters","start":9712.009,"end":9712.382},{"text":"Iran's","start":9712.56,"end":9712.835},{"text":"violations","start":9712.9,"end":9713.645},{"text":"in","start":9713.71,"end":9713.759},{"text":"this","start":9713.872,"end":9713.985},{"text":"regard.","start":9714.099,"end":9714.455}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":9714.52,"end":9716.051,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9714.52,"end":9714.682},{"text":"you,","start":9714.682,"end":9714.795},{"text":"Mr.","start":9714.843,"end":9715.101},{"text":"President.","start":9715.165,"end":9716.051}]},{"text":"His Excellency Mr.","start":9716.76,"end":9718.066,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"His","start":9716.76,"end":9716.906},{"text":"Excellency","start":9716.938,"end":9717.437},{"text":"Mr.","start":9717.582,"end":9718.066}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Khalifa bin Shaheen Al-Murrar","affiliation":"ARE","affiliation_full":"United Arab Emirates","group":null,"function":"Minister of State"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":9718.372,"pageUrl":"/zh/sc/10145?lang=en&t=9719","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Al-Murrar, for the statement.","start":9718.372,"end":9720.563,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Al-Murrar,","start":9718.372,"end":9718.968},{"text":"for","start":9719.58,"end":9719.758},{"text":"the","start":9719.758,"end":9719.903},{"text":"statement.","start":9719.903,"end":9720.563}]},{"text":"There are still a number of speakers remaining on my list for this meeting, I intend, with the concurrence of members of the Council, to suspend the meeting until 3 PM.","start":9722.336,"end":9737.497,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":9722.336,"end":9722.562},{"text":"are","start":9722.562,"end":9722.658},{"text":"still","start":9722.658,"end":9723.061},{"text":"a","start":9723.322,"end":9723.338},{"text":"number","start":9723.338,"end":9723.725},{"text":"of","start":9723.725,"end":9723.822},{"text":"speakers","start":9723.822,"end":9724.339},{"text":"remaining","start":9725.017,"end":9725.469},{"text":"on","start":9725.743,"end":9725.791},{"text":"my","start":9725.904,"end":9726.13},{"text":"list","start":9726.13,"end":9726.518},{"text":"for","start":9726.695,"end":9726.857},{"text":"this","start":9726.857,"end":9727.034},{"text":"meeting,","start":9727.034,"end":9727.486},{"text":"I","start":9729.843,"end":9729.891},{"text":"intend,","start":9729.94,"end":9730.585},{"text":"with","start":9732.103,"end":9732.28},{"text":"the","start":9732.28,"end":9732.361},{"text":"concurrence","start":9732.41,"end":9733.009},{"text":"of","start":9733.803,"end":9733.949},{"text":"members","start":9733.965,"end":9734.273},{"text":"of","start":9734.386,"end":9734.483},{"text":"the","start":9734.483,"end":9734.613},{"text":"Council,","start":9734.613,"end":9735.131},{"text":"to","start":9735.277,"end":9735.407},{"text":"suspend","start":9735.423,"end":9735.99},{"text":"the","start":9735.99,"end":9736.087},{"text":"meeting","start":9736.087,"end":9736.46},{"text":"until","start":9736.654,"end":9736.978},{"text":"3","start":9736.978,"end":9737.286},{"text":"PM.","start":9737.286,"end":9737.497}]},{"text":"This meeting is suspended.","start":9741.596,"end":9742.827,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9741.596,"end":9741.725},{"text":"meeting","start":9741.839,"end":9742.153},{"text":"is","start":9742.153,"end":9742.222},{"text":"suspended.","start":9742.257,"end":9742.827}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"President of the Council"}}],"topics":[{"key":"shadow-fleet","label":"Shadow Fleets and Sanctions Evasion","description":"Some delegations focused on the use of opaque, poorly maintained vessels to evade sanctions and operate outside normal oversight. This was framed as a maritime security, safety, environmental, and regulatory challenge, though views differed on how it should be characterized."},{"key":"law-of-the-sea","label":"Law of the Sea and Navigation Rights","description":"Repeated interventions stressed UNCLOS and customary international law as the legal basis for freedom of navigation, transit passage, and innocent passage. Speakers also opposed tolls, discriminatory conditions, and unlawful interference with international straits."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"Several statements pointed to newer risks such as cyberattacks, data spoofing, missiles, uncrewed systems, and attacks on critical maritime infrastructure. Particular concern was expressed about undersea cables, pipelines, and the need to adapt governance and monitoring tools."},{"key":"strait-of-hormuz","label":"Strait of Hormuz Crisis","description":"The debate centered on the closure or obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz, including attacks on shipping, mine threats, and demands for its immediate reopening. Many speakers treated the strait as a global chokepoint whose blockage threatens international peace and security."},{"key":"trade-food-energy","label":"Trade, Energy, and Food Security","description":"Speakers repeatedly linked maritime disruption to rising energy prices, higher transport and insurance costs, supply-chain shocks, and threats to fertilizer and food availability. The burden on developing countries, least developed countries, and small island states was a recurring concern."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements highlighted the plight of stranded and detained crews, emphasizing that seafarers are civilian workers who must not be used as leverage in conflict. Support was voiced for evacuation planning, crew changes, and practical measures to safeguard their welfare."},{"key":"maritime-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Cooperation","description":"A common theme was the need for coordinated action by states, the UN, the IMO, regional organizations, industry, and other stakeholders. Speakers called for better information-sharing, joint frameworks, and collective mechanisms to keep sea lanes open and secure."},{"key":"de-escalation-dialogue","label":"De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations called for restraint, ceasefires, dialogue, and negotiated solutions to reduce maritime tensions. Diplomatic mediation and peaceful settlement under the UN Charter were presented as essential to restoring safe navigation."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-crime","label":"Piracy and Maritime Crime","description":"Beyond the current crisis, speakers discussed persistent threats including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling, trafficking, and illegal fishing. These issues were linked to weak governance, coastal insecurity, and the need for stronger law-enforcement capacity."}]}}